1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  33 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  34 #include "gc_interface/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  39 #include "memory/genRemSet.hpp"
  40 #include "memory/generation.hpp"
  41 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  42 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  43 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/space.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  47 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  48 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  49 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  54 #include "prims/jvmtiRedefineClassesTrace.hpp"
  55 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  56 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  57 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/timer.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  67 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  68 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  69 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  70 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  71 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  72 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  73 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  74 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsAdaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  75 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  76 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  77 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
  78 #include "gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  79 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  80 
  81 // Known objects
  82 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  83 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  84 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  85 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
  86 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
  87 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  88 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  89 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  90 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
  91 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  92 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
  93 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
  94 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
  95 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
  96 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
  97 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
  98 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
  99 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 100 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 101 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 102 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 103 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 104 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 105 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 108 LatestMethodOopCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 109 LatestMethodOopCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 110 LatestMethodOopCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 111 ActiveMethodOopsCache* Universe::_reflect_invoke_cache    = NULL;
 112 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 114 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 115 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 116 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 117 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 118 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 119 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 120 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 121 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 122 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 123 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 124 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 125 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 126 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 127 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 128 
 129 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 130 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 131 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 132 
 133 // Heap
 134 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 135 
 136 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 137 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 138 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 139 
 140 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 141 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 142 
 143 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 144 
 145 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 146 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 147 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 148 
 149 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 150   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 151   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 152   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 153   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 154   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 155   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 156   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 157   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 158 }
 159 
 160 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 161 
 162   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 163   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 164   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 165   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 166   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 167   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 168   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 169   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 170   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 171 
 172   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 173     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 174   }
 175   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 176 
 177   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 178   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 179   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 180   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 181   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 182   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 183   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 184   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 185     f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 186   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 187   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 188   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 189   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 190   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 192   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 193 }
 194 
 195 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 196 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 197 
 198   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 199   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 200   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 201   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 202   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 203   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 204   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 205   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 206   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 207 
 208   {
 209     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 210       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 211         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 212         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 213       } else if (do_all) {
 214         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 215       }
 216     }
 217   }
 218 
 219   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 220   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 221   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 222   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 223   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 224   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 225   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 226   _reflect_invoke_cache->serialize(f);
 227   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 228 }
 229 
 230 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 231   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 232     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 233       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 234   }
 235 }
 236 
 237 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 238   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 239   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 240     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 241     k->restore_unshareable_info(CHECK);
 242   } else {
 243     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 244   }
 245   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 246 }
 247 
 248 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 249   ResourceMark rm;
 250 
 251   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 252 
 253     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 254 
 255       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 256       compute_base_vtable_size();
 257 
 258       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 259         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 260         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 261         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 262         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 263         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 264         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 265         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 266         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 267 
 268         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 269         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 270         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 271         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 272         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 273         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 274         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 275         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 276 
 277         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 278 
 279         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 280         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 281         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 282         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 283         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 284       }
 285     }
 286 
 287     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 288 
 289     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 290 
 291     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 292 
 293     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 294     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 295 
 296     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 297       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 298       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 299              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 300       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 301              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 302     } else {
 303       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 304       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 305       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 306     }
 307 
 308     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 309     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 310     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 311     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 312     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 313     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 314     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 315     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 316   } // end of core bootstrapping
 317 
 318   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 319   // during the bootstrapping.
 320 
 321   // OLD
 322   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 323   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 324   // ---
 325   // NEW
 326   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 327   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 328   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 329   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 330   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 331     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 332   // OLD
 333   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 334   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 335   // ---
 336   // New
 337   // Have already been initialized.
 338   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 339 
 340   // Compute is_jdk version flags.
 341   // Only 1.3 or later has the java.lang.Shutdown class.
 342   // Only 1.4 or later has the java.lang.CharSequence interface.
 343   // Only 1.5 or later has the java.lang.management.MemoryUsage class.
 344   if (JDK_Version::is_partially_initialized()) {
 345     uint8_t jdk_version;
 346     Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 347         vmSymbols::java_lang_management_MemoryUsage(), THREAD);
 348     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 349     if (k == NULL) {
 350       k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 351           vmSymbols::java_lang_CharSequence(), THREAD);
 352       CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 353       if (k == NULL) {
 354         k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_null(
 355             vmSymbols::java_lang_Shutdown(), THREAD);
 356         CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION; // ignore exceptions
 357         if (k == NULL) {
 358           jdk_version = 2;
 359         } else {
 360           jdk_version = 3;
 361         }
 362       } else {
 363         jdk_version = 4;
 364       }
 365     } else {
 366       jdk_version = 5;
 367     }
 368     JDK_Version::fully_initialize(jdk_version);
 369   }
 370 
 371   #ifdef ASSERT
 372   if (FullGCALot) {
 373     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 374     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 375     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 376     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 377     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 378     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 379     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 380     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 381     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 382     int size;
 383     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 384       warning("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc "
 385               "will not force all objects to relocate");
 386       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 387     } else {
 388       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 389     }
 390     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 391     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 392     int i = 0;
 393     while (i < size) {
 394         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 395       oop dummy = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 396       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 397     }
 398     {
 399       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 400       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 401       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 402       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 403       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 404         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 405       }
 406     }
 407     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 408   }
 409   #endif
 410 
 411   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 412   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 413 
 414 }
 415 
 416 // CDS support for patching vtables in metadata in the shared archive.
 417 // All types inherited from Metadata have vtables, but not types inherited
 418 // from MetaspaceObj, because the latter does not have virtual functions.
 419 // If the metadata type has a vtable, it cannot be shared in the read-only
 420 // section of the CDS archive, because the vtable pointer is patched.
 421 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {
 422   guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");
 423   void* vtable = dereference_vptr(o);
 424   assert(*(void**)(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");
 425   list[(*n)++] = vtable;
 426 }
 427 
 428 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {
 429   int n = 0;
 430   { InstanceKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 431   { InstanceClassLoaderKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 432   { InstanceMirrorKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 433   { InstanceRefKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 434   { TypeArrayKlass o;         add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 435   { ObjArrayKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 436   { Method o;                 add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 437   { ConstantPool o;           add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 438 }
 439 
 440 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 441     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 442     _int_mirror     =
 443       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 444     _float_mirror   =
 445       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 446     _double_mirror  =
 447       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 448     _byte_mirror    =
 449       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 450     _bool_mirror    =
 451       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 452     _char_mirror    =
 453       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 454     _long_mirror    =
 455       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 456     _short_mirror   =
 457       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 458     _void_mirror    =
 459       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 460 
 461     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 462     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 463     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 464     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 465     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 466     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 467     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 468     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 469     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 470   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
 471   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = InstanceKlass::cast(_object_klass)->java_mirror();
 472 }
 473 
 474 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 475   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 476   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 477   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 478   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 479   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 480   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 481   // Cache the start of the static fields
 482   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 483 
 484   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 485   int list_length = list->length();
 486   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 487     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 488     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 489     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 490     KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);
 491     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(kh, CATCH);
 492 }
 493   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 494   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 495 }
 496 
 497 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 498 
 499 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 500   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 501   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 502 
 503   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 504   if (TraceReferenceGC) tty->print_cr("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 505   {
 506     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 507     KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());
 508     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 509     JavaCalls::call_static(
 510       &result,
 511       finalizer_klass,
 512       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 513       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 514       THREAD
 515     );
 516     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 517     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 518   }
 519 }
 520 
 521 
 522 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 523 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 524 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 525 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 526 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {
 527   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 528   Klass* ko = k_h();
 529   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
 530   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 531   if (ko->oop_is_instance()) {
 532     InstanceKlass* ik = (InstanceKlass*)ko;
 533     for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ik->subklass());
 534          s_h() != NULL;
 535          s_h = KlassHandle(THREAD, s_h()->next_sibling())) {
 536       reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);
 537     }
 538   }
 539 }
 540 
 541 
 542 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 543   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 544 }
 545 
 546 
 547 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 548   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 549 
 550 }
 551 
 552 
 553 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 554   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
 555 }
 556 
 557 
 558 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 559   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 560   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 561   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 562   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 563   // to allocate the backtrace.
 564   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 565           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 566           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 567           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 568           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit));
 569 }
 570 
 571 
 572 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 573   // generate an out of memory error:
 574   // - if there is a preallocated error with backtrace available then return it wth
 575   //   a filled in stack trace.
 576   // - if there are no preallocated errors with backtrace available then return
 577   //   an error without backtrace.
 578   int next;
 579   if (_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) {
 580     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 581     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 582   } else {
 583     next = -1;
 584   }
 585   if (next < 0) {
 586     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 587     // return default
 588     return default_err;
 589   } else {
 590     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 591     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 592     oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);
 593     assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 594     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 595 
 596     // use the message from the default error
 597     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);
 598     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 599     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);
 600 
 601     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 602     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 603     return exc;
 604   }
 605 }
 606 
 607 static intptr_t non_oop_bits = 0;
 608 
 609 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 610   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 611   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 612   //
 613   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 614   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 615   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 616   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 617   //
 618   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 619   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 620 
 621   if (non_oop_bits == 0) {
 622     non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 623   }
 624 
 625   return (void*)non_oop_bits;
 626 }
 627 
 628 jint universe_init() {
 629   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 630   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 631          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 632   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 633   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 634             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 635   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TraceStartupTime);
 636   GC_locker::lock();  // do not allow gc during bootstrapping
 637   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 638 
 639   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 640   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 641     return status;
 642   }
 643 
 644   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 645 
 646   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 647   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 648   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 649 
 650   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 651   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 652   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodOopCache();
 653   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodOopCache();
 654   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodOopCache();
 655   Universe::_reflect_invoke_cache     = new ActiveMethodOopsCache();
 656 
 657   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 658     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 659     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 660     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 661     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 662     // currently mapped regions.
 663     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 664     StringTable::create_table();
 665   } else {
 666     SymbolTable::create_table();
 667     StringTable::create_table();
 668     ClassLoader::create_package_info_table();
 669   }
 670 
 671   return JNI_OK;
 672 }
 673 
 674 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 675 // when compressed oops are used:
 676 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 677 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 678 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 679 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 680 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 681 
 682 // 4Gb
 683 static const uint64_t NarrowOopHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1);
 684 // 32Gb
 685 // OopEncodingHeapMax == NarrowOopHeapMax << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
 686 
 687 char* Universe::preferred_heap_base(size_t heap_size, NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 688   size_t base = 0;
 689 #ifdef _LP64
 690   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 691     assert(mode == UnscaledNarrowOop  ||
 692            mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop ||
 693            mode == HeapBasedNarrowOop, "mode is invalid");
 694     const size_t total_size = heap_size + HeapBaseMinAddress;
 695     // Return specified base for the first request.
 696     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress) && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop)) {
 697       base = HeapBaseMinAddress;
 698 
 699     // If the total size is small enough to allow UnscaledNarrowOop then
 700     // just use UnscaledNarrowOop.
 701     } else if ((total_size <= OopEncodingHeapMax) && (mode != HeapBasedNarrowOop)) {
 702       if ((total_size <= NarrowOopHeapMax) && (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop) &&
 703           (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0)) {
 704         // Use 32-bits oops without encoding and
 705         // place heap's top on the 4Gb boundary
 706         base = (NarrowOopHeapMax - heap_size);
 707       } else {
 708         // Can't reserve with NarrowOopShift == 0
 709         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 710         if (mode == UnscaledNarrowOop ||
 711             mode == ZeroBasedNarrowOop && total_size <= NarrowOopHeapMax) {
 712           // Use zero based compressed oops with encoding and
 713           // place heap's top on the 32Gb boundary in case
 714           // total_size > 4Gb or failed to reserve below 4Gb.
 715           base = (OopEncodingHeapMax - heap_size);
 716         }
 717       }
 718     } else {
 719       // UnscaledNarrowOop encoding didn't work, and no base was found for ZeroBasedOops or
 720       // HeapBasedNarrowOop encoding was requested.  So, can't reserve below 32Gb.
 721       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 722     }
 723 
 724     // Set narrow_oop_base and narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks
 725     // used in ReservedHeapSpace() constructors.
 726     // The final values will be set in initialize_heap() below.
 727     if ((base != 0) && ((base + heap_size) <= OopEncodingHeapMax)) {
 728       // Use zero based compressed oops
 729       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(NULL);
 730       // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed
 731       // addressing mode with zero based Compressed Oops.
 732       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);
 733     } else {
 734       // Set to a non-NULL value so the ReservedSpace ctor computes
 735       // the correct no-access prefix.
 736       // The final value will be set in initialize_heap() below.
 737       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)NarrowOopHeapMax);
 738 #ifdef _WIN64
 739       if (UseLargePages) {
 740         // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed
 741         // addressing mode when large pages are specified on windows.
 742         Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
 743       }
 744 #endif //  _WIN64
 745     }
 746   }
 747 #endif
 748   return (char*)base; // also return NULL (don't care) for 32-bit VM
 749 }
 750 
 751 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 752 
 753   if (UseParallelGC) {
 754 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 755     Universe::_collectedHeap = new ParallelScavengeHeap();
 756 #else  // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 757     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 758 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 759 
 760   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 761 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 762     G1CollectorPolicy* g1p = new G1CollectorPolicy();
 763     G1CollectedHeap* g1h = new G1CollectedHeap(g1p);
 764     Universe::_collectedHeap = g1h;
 765 #else  // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 766     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in java kernel vm.");
 767 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 768 
 769   } else {
 770     GenCollectorPolicy *gc_policy;
 771 
 772     if (UseSerialGC) {
 773       gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();
 774     } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 775 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 776       if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
 777         gc_policy = new ASConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy();
 778       } else {
 779         gc_policy = new ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy();
 780       }
 781 #else  // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 782     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 783 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 784     } else { // default old generation
 785       gc_policy = new MarkSweepPolicy();
 786     }
 787 
 788     Universe::_collectedHeap = new GenCollectedHeap(gc_policy);
 789   }
 790 
 791   jint status = Universe::heap()->initialize();
 792   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 793     return status;
 794   }
 795 
 796 #ifdef _LP64
 797   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 798     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 799     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 800     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 801     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 802     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 803     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 804     bool verbose = PrintCompressedOopsMode || (PrintMiscellaneous && Verbose);
 805     if (verbose) {
 806       tty->cr();
 807       tty->print("heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 808                  Universe::heap()->base(), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 809     }
 810     if (((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > OopEncodingHeapMax)) {
 811       // Can't reserve heap below 32Gb.
 812       // keep the Universe::narrow_oop_base() set in Universe::reserve_heap()
 813       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 814       if (verbose) {
 815         tty->print(", %s: "PTR_FORMAT,
 816             narrow_oop_mode_to_string(HeapBasedNarrowOop),
 817             Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 818       }
 819     } else {
 820       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 821       if (verbose) {
 822         tty->print(", %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(ZeroBasedNarrowOop));
 823       }
 824 #ifdef _WIN64
 825       if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 826         // Don't need guard page for implicit checks in indexed addressing
 827         // mode with zero based Compressed Oops.
 828         Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(true);
 829       }
 830 #endif //  _WIN64
 831       if((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > NarrowOopHeapMax) {
 832         // Can't reserve heap below 4Gb.
 833         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 834       } else {
 835         Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(0);
 836         if (verbose) {
 837           tty->print(", %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(UnscaledNarrowOop));
 838         }
 839       }
 840     }
 841 
 842     if (verbose) {
 843       tty->cr();
 844       tty->cr();
 845     }
 846     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 847   }
 848   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 849   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 850          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 851          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 852   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 853          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 854 #endif
 855 
 856   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 857   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 858 
 859   if (UseTLAB) {
 860     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 861            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 862     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 863   }
 864   return JNI_OK;
 865 }
 866 
 867 
 868 // Reserve the Java heap, which is now the same for all GCs.
 869 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 870   size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
 871   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 872       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 873   char* addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, Universe::UnscaledNarrowOop);
 874 
 875   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, UseLargePages, addr);
 876 
 877   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 878     if (addr != NULL && !total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 879       // Failed to reserve at specified address - the requested memory
 880       // region is taken already, for example, by 'java' launcher.
 881       // Try again to reserver heap higher.
 882       addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, Universe::ZeroBasedNarrowOop);
 883 
 884       ReservedHeapSpace total_rs0(total_reserved, alignment,
 885                                   UseLargePages, addr);
 886 
 887       if (addr != NULL && !total_rs0.is_reserved()) {
 888         // Failed to reserve at specified address again - give up.
 889         addr = Universe::preferred_heap_base(total_reserved, Universe::HeapBasedNarrowOop);
 890         assert(addr == NULL, "");
 891 
 892         ReservedHeapSpace total_rs1(total_reserved, alignment,
 893                                     UseLargePages, addr);
 894         total_rs = total_rs1;
 895       } else {
 896         total_rs = total_rs0;
 897       }
 898     }
 899   }
 900 
 901   if (!total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 902     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap", total_reserved/K));
 903     return total_rs;
 904   }
 905 
 906   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 907     // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 908     // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 909     address base = (address)(total_rs.base() - os::vm_page_size());
 910     Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(base);
 911   }
 912   return total_rs;
 913 }
 914 
 915 
 916 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 917 // (if required).
 918 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 919   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 920   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 921 }
 922 
 923 
 924 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 925   switch (mode) {
 926     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 927       return "32-bits Oops";
 928     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 929       return "zero based Compressed Oops";
 930     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 931       return "Compressed Oops with base";
 932   }
 933 
 934   ShouldNotReachHere();
 935   return "";
 936 }
 937 
 938 
 939 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 940   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 941     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 942   }
 943 
 944   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 945     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 946   }
 947 
 948   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 949 }
 950 
 951 
 952 void universe2_init() {
 953   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 954   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 955 }
 956 
 957 
 958 // This function is defined in JVM.cpp
 959 extern void initialize_converter_functions();
 960 
 961 bool universe_post_init() {
 962   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 963   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 964   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 965   { ResourceMark rm;
 966     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 967     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 968       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 969       KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
 970       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);
 971       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 972     }
 973   }
 974 
 975   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 976   Klass* k;
 977   instanceKlassHandle k_h;
 978     // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 979     Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 980 
 981     // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 982     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
 983     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
 984     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 985     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 986     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 987     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 988     Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
 989       k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 990 
 991     // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
 992     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 993     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
 994     Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 995     // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
 996     // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 997     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
 998     Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 999     // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1000     k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1001       vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1002     bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1003     if (!linked) {
1004       tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1005       return false; // initialization failed
1006     }
1007     Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1008       InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1009 
1010     Universe::_vm_exception               = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1011 
1012   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
1013     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
1014     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
1015     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1016     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1017 
1018     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metadata space", CHECK_false);
1019     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1020     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Class Metadata space", CHECK_false);
1021     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1022 
1023     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1024     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1025 
1026     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1027     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1028 
1029     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1030     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1031 
1032     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1033     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1034     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1035     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
1036 
1037     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1038     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);
1039     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1040       oop err = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1041       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1042       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1043       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1044     }
1045     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1046   }
1047 
1048 
1049   // Setup static method for registering finalizers
1050   // The finalizer klass must be linked before looking up the method, in
1051   // case it needs to get rewritten.
1052   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1053   Method* m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass())->find_method(
1054                                   vmSymbols::register_method_name(),
1055                                   vmSymbols::register_method_signature());
1056   if (m == NULL || !m->is_static()) {
1057     THROW_MSG_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(),
1058       "java.lang.ref.Finalizer.register", false);
1059   }
1060   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache->init(
1061     SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(), m, CHECK_false);
1062 
1063   // Resolve on first use and initialize class.
1064   // Note: No race-condition here, since a resolve will always return the same result
1065 
1066   // Setup method for security checks
1067   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_reflect_Method(), true, CHECK_false);
1068   k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
1069   k_h->link_class(CHECK_false);
1070   m = k_h->find_method(vmSymbols::invoke_name(), vmSymbols::object_object_array_object_signature());
1071   if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {
1072     THROW_MSG_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(),
1073       "java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke", false);
1074   }
1075   Universe::_reflect_invoke_cache->init(k_h(), m, CHECK_false);
1076 
1077   // Setup method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
1078   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1079   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass())->find_method(vmSymbols::addClass_name(), vmSymbols::class_void_signature());
1080   if (m == NULL || m->is_static()) {
1081     THROW_MSG_(vmSymbols::java_lang_NoSuchMethodException(),
1082       "java.lang.ClassLoader.addClass", false);
1083   }
1084   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache->init(
1085     SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(), m, CHECK_false);
1086 
1087   // Setup method for checking protection domain
1088   InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->link_class(CHECK_false);
1089   m = InstanceKlass::cast(SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass())->
1090             find_method(vmSymbols::impliesCreateAccessControlContext_name(),
1091                         vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature());
1092   // Allow NULL which should only happen with bootstrapping.
1093   if (m != NULL) {
1094     if (m->is_static()) {
1095       // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
1096       // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
1097       tty->print_cr("ProtectionDomain.impliesCreateAccessControlContext() has the wrong linkage");
1098       return false; // initialization failed
1099     }
1100     Universe::_pd_implies_cache->init(
1101       SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(), m, CHECK_false);;
1102   }
1103 
1104   // The folowing is initializing converter functions for serialization in
1105   // JVM.cpp. If we clean up the StrictMath code above we may want to find
1106   // a better solution for this as well.
1107   initialize_converter_functions();
1108 
1109   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1110   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1111   {
1112     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1113     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1114   }
1115 
1116   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1117   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1118 
1119   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1120   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1121   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1122 
1123   GC_locker::unlock();  // allow gc after bootstrapping
1124 
1125   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::_collectedHeap);
1126   return true;
1127 }
1128 
1129 
1130 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1131   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1132 }
1133 
1134 
1135 // %%% The Universe::flush_foo methods belong in CodeCache.
1136 
1137 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee.
1138 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle dependee) {
1139   assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);
1140 
1141   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
1142 
1143   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1144   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1145   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1146 
1147   KlassDepChange changes(dependee);
1148 
1149   // Compute the dependent nmethods
1150   if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(changes) > 0) {
1151     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1152     VM_Deoptimize op;
1153     VMThread::execute(&op);
1154   }
1155 }
1156 
1157 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on a particular CallSite
1158 // instance when its target is different than the given MethodHandle.
1159 void Universe::flush_dependents_on(Handle call_site, Handle method_handle) {
1160   assert_lock_strong(Compile_lock);
1161 
1162   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
1163 
1164   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1165   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1166   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1167 
1168   CallSiteDepChange changes(call_site(), method_handle());
1169 
1170   // Compute the dependent nmethods that have a reference to a
1171   // CallSite object.  We use InstanceKlass::mark_dependent_nmethod
1172   // directly instead of CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization because we
1173   // want dependents on the call site class only not all classes in
1174   // the ContextStream.
1175   int marked = 0;
1176   {
1177     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1178     InstanceKlass* call_site_klass = InstanceKlass::cast(call_site->klass());
1179     marked = call_site_klass->mark_dependent_nmethods(changes);
1180   }
1181   if (marked > 0) {
1182     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1183     VM_Deoptimize op;
1184     VMThread::execute(&op);
1185   }
1186 }
1187 
1188 #ifdef HOTSWAP
1189 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee in the evolutionary sense
1190 void Universe::flush_evol_dependents_on(instanceKlassHandle ev_k_h) {
1191   // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.
1192   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);
1193   if (CodeCache::number_of_nmethods_with_dependencies() == 0) return;
1194 
1195   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1196   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1197   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1198 
1199   // Compute the dependent nmethods
1200   if (CodeCache::mark_for_evol_deoptimization(ev_k_h) > 0) {
1201     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1202 
1203     // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.
1204     // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.
1205 
1206     // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation
1207     ResourceMark rm;
1208     DeoptimizationMarker dm;
1209 
1210     // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods
1211     Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();
1212 
1213     // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)
1214     CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();
1215   }
1216 }
1217 #endif // HOTSWAP
1218 
1219 
1220 // Flushes compiled methods dependent on dependee
1221 void Universe::flush_dependents_on_method(methodHandle m_h) {
1222   // --- Compile_lock is not held. However we are at a safepoint.
1223   assert_locked_or_safepoint(Compile_lock);
1224 
1225   // CodeCache can only be updated by a thread_in_VM and they will all be
1226   // stopped dring the safepoint so CodeCache will be safe to update without
1227   // holding the CodeCache_lock.
1228 
1229   // Compute the dependent nmethods
1230   if (CodeCache::mark_for_deoptimization(m_h()) > 0) {
1231     // At least one nmethod has been marked for deoptimization
1232 
1233     // All this already happens inside a VM_Operation, so we'll do all the work here.
1234     // Stuff copied from VM_Deoptimize and modified slightly.
1235 
1236     // We do not want any GCs to happen while we are in the middle of this VM operation
1237     ResourceMark rm;
1238     DeoptimizationMarker dm;
1239 
1240     // Deoptimize all activations depending on marked nmethods
1241     Deoptimization::deoptimize_dependents();
1242 
1243     // Make the dependent methods not entrant (in VM_Deoptimize they are made zombies)
1244     CodeCache::make_marked_nmethods_not_entrant();
1245   }
1246 }
1247 
1248 void Universe::print() {
1249   print_on(gclog_or_tty);
1250 }
1251 
1252 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st, bool extended) {
1253   st->print_cr("Heap");
1254   if (!extended) {
1255     heap()->print_on(st);
1256   } else {
1257     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1258   }
1259 }
1260 
1261 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1262   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1263     MutexLocker hl(Heap_lock);
1264     print_on(tty);
1265     tty->cr();
1266     tty->flush();
1267   }
1268 }
1269 
1270 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1271   st->print_cr("{Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1272                heap()->total_collections(),
1273                heap()->total_full_collections());
1274   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1275     heap()->print_on(st);
1276   } else {
1277     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1278   }
1279 }
1280 
1281 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc(outputStream* st, bool ignore_extended) {
1282   st->print_cr("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):",
1283                heap()->total_collections(),
1284                heap()->total_full_collections());
1285   if (!PrintHeapAtGCExtended || ignore_extended) {
1286     heap()->print_on(st);
1287   } else {
1288     heap()->print_extended_on(st);
1289   }
1290   st->print_cr("}");
1291 }
1292 
1293 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix, bool silent) {
1294   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1295   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1296   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1297   // straight forward.
1298   _verify_in_progress = true;
1299 
1300   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1301     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1302          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1303          "(of thread stacks below)");
1304   )
1305 
1306   ResourceMark rm;
1307   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1308   _verify_count++;
1309 
1310   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print(prefix);
1311   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("[Verifying ");
1312   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("threads ");
1313   Threads::verify();
1314   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("heap ");
1315   heap()->verify(silent, option);
1316   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("syms ");
1317   SymbolTable::verify();
1318   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("strs ");
1319   StringTable::verify();
1320   {
1321     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1322     if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("zone ");
1323     CodeCache::verify();
1324   }
1325   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("dict ");
1326   SystemDictionary::verify();
1327 #ifndef PRODUCT
1328   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("cldg ");
1329   ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1330 #endif
1331   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("metaspace chunks ");
1332   MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1333   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("hand ");
1334   JNIHandles::verify();
1335   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("C-heap ");
1336   os::check_heap();
1337   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print("code cache ");
1338   CodeCache::verify_oops();
1339   if (!silent) gclog_or_tty->print_cr("]");
1340 
1341   _verify_in_progress = false;
1342 }
1343 
1344 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1345 
1346 static uintptr_t _verify_oop_data[2]   = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
1347 static uintptr_t _verify_klass_data[2] = {0, (uintptr_t)-1};
1348 
1349 
1350 #ifndef PRODUCT
1351 
1352 static void calculate_verify_data(uintptr_t verify_data[2],
1353                                   HeapWord* low_boundary,
1354                                   HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1355   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1356 
1357   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1358   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1359   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1360 
1361   // make an inclusive limit:
1362   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1363   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1364   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1365   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1366 
1367   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1368   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1369   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1370     mask <<= 1;
1371   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1372   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1373   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1374   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1375 
1376   // require address alignment, too:
1377   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1378 
1379   if (!(verify_data[0] == 0 && verify_data[1] == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1380     assert(verify_data[0] == mask && verify_data[1] == bits, "mask stability");
1381   }
1382   verify_data[0] = mask;
1383   verify_data[1] = bits;
1384 }
1385 
1386 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1387 
1388 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1389   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1390   calculate_verify_data(_verify_oop_data,
1391                         m.start(),
1392                         m.end());
1393   return _verify_oop_data[0];
1394 }
1395 
1396 
1397 
1398 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1399   verify_oop_mask();
1400   return _verify_oop_data[1];
1401 }
1402 
1403 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1404   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1405 }
1406 
1407 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1408   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1409   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1410   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1411   return bits;
1412 }
1413 #endif // PRODUCT
1414 
1415 
1416 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1417   verify_oop_mask();
1418   verify_oop_bits();
1419   verify_mark_mask();
1420   verify_mark_bits();
1421 }
1422 
1423 
1424 void CommonMethodOopCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m, TRAPS) {
1425   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1426     _klass = k;
1427   }
1428 #ifndef PRODUCT
1429   else {
1430     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1431     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1432   }
1433 #endif
1434 
1435   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1436   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1437 }
1438 
1439 
1440 ActiveMethodOopsCache::~ActiveMethodOopsCache() {
1441   if (_prev_methods != NULL) {
1442     delete _prev_methods;
1443     _prev_methods = NULL;
1444   }
1445 }
1446 
1447 
1448 void ActiveMethodOopsCache::add_previous_version(Method* method) {
1449   assert(Thread::current()->is_VM_thread(),
1450     "only VMThread can add previous versions");
1451 
1452   // Only append the previous method if it is executing on the stack.
1453   if (method->on_stack()) {
1454 
1455     if (_prev_methods == NULL) {
1456       // This is the first previous version so make some space.
1457       // Start with 2 elements under the assumption that the class
1458       // won't be redefined much.
1459       _prev_methods = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtClass) GrowableArray<Method*>(2, true);
1460     }
1461 
1462     // RC_TRACE macro has an embedded ResourceMark
1463     RC_TRACE(0x00000100,
1464       ("add: %s(%s): adding prev version ref for cached method @%d",
1465         method->name()->as_C_string(), method->signature()->as_C_string(),
1466         _prev_methods->length()));
1467 
1468     _prev_methods->append(method);
1469   }
1470 
1471 
1472   // Since the caller is the VMThread and we are at a safepoint, this is a good
1473   // time to clear out unused method references.
1474 
1475   if (_prev_methods == NULL) return;
1476 
1477   for (int i = _prev_methods->length() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1478     Method* method = _prev_methods->at(i);
1479     assert(method != NULL, "weak method ref was unexpectedly cleared");
1480 
1481     if (!method->on_stack()) {
1482       // This method isn't running anymore so remove it
1483       _prev_methods->remove_at(i);
1484       MetadataFactory::free_metadata(method->method_holder()->class_loader_data(), method);
1485     } else {
1486       // RC_TRACE macro has an embedded ResourceMark
1487       RC_TRACE(0x00000400,
1488         ("add: %s(%s): previous cached method @%d is alive",
1489          method->name()->as_C_string(), method->signature()->as_C_string(), i));
1490     }
1491   }
1492 } // end add_previous_version()
1493 
1494 
1495 bool ActiveMethodOopsCache::is_same_method(const Method* method) const {
1496   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1497   const Method* check_method = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1498   assert(check_method != NULL, "sanity check");
1499   if (check_method == method) {
1500     // done with the easy case
1501     return true;
1502   }
1503 
1504   if (_prev_methods != NULL) {
1505     // The cached method has been redefined at least once so search
1506     // the previous versions for a match.
1507     for (int i = 0; i < _prev_methods->length(); i++) {
1508       check_method = _prev_methods->at(i);
1509       if (check_method == method) {
1510         // a previous version matches
1511         return true;
1512       }
1513     }
1514   }
1515 
1516   // either no previous versions or no previous version matched
1517   return false;
1518 }
1519 
1520 
1521 Method* LatestMethodOopCache::get_Method() {
1522   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1523   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1524   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1525   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1526   return m;
1527 }
1528 
1529 
1530 #ifdef ASSERT
1531 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1532 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1533   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1534   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1535     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1536       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1537       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1538       return false;
1539     }
1540     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1541       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1542       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1543     }
1544     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1545     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1546   }
1547   return true;
1548 }
1549 
1550 #endif // ASSERT