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35 <h1>TIFF Metadata Format Specification and Usage Notes</h1>
36
37 <a href="#Reading">Reading Images</a>
38 <ul>
39 <li><a href="#ColorConversionRead">Color Conversion</a></li>
40 <li><a href="#ColorSpacesRead">Color Spaces</a></li>
41 <li><a href="#ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profiles</a></li>
42 <li><a href="#MetadataIssuesRead">Metadata Issues</a>
43 <ul>
44 <li><a href="#MapNativeStandard">Native to Standard Metadata Mapping</a></li>
45 </ul>
46 </li>
47 <li><a href="#ExifRead">Reading Exif Images</a>
48 <ul>
49 <li><a href="#ExifReadTIFF">Reading Uncompressed Exif Images</a></li>
50 <li><a href="#ExifReadJPEG">Reading Compressed Exif Images</a></li>
51 </ul>
52 </li>
53 </ul>
54 <a href="#Writing">Writing Images</a><br/>
55 <ul>
56 <li><a href="#Compression">Compression</a></li>
57 <li><a href="#ColorConversionWrite">Color Conversion</a></li>
58 <li><a href="#ICCProfilesWrite">ICC Profiles</a></li>
59 <li><a href="#MetadataIssuesWrite">Metadata Issues</a>
60 <ul>
61 <li><a href="#MapStandardNative">Standard to Native Metadata Mapping</a></li>
62 </ul>
63 <li><a href="#ExifWrite">Writing Exif Images</a>
64 <ul>
65 <li><a href="#ExifWriteTIFF">Writing Uncompressed Exif Images</a></li>
66 <li><a href="#ExifWriteJPEG">Writing Compressed Exif Images</a></li>
67 </ul>
68 </li>
69 </ul>
70 <a href="#StreamMetadata">Native Stream Metadata Format</a><br/>
71 <a href="#ImageMetadata">Native Image Metadata Format</a>
72
73 <h2><a id="Reading">Reading Images</a></h2>
74
75 TIFF images are read by an <a href="../../ImageReader.html">ImageReader</a>
76 which may be controlled by its public interface as well as via a supplied
77 <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFImageReadParam.html">TIFFImageReadParam</a>.
78
79 <!-- <h3>Supported Image Types</h3> -->
80
81 <!-- Table? -->
82
83 <h3><a id="ColorConversionRead">Color Conversion</a></h3>
84
85 <p>If the source image data
86 have photometric type CIE L*a*b* or YCbCr, and the destination color space
87 type is RGB, then the source image data will be automatically converted to
88 RGB using an internal color converter.</p>
89
90 <h3><a id="ColorSpacesRead">Color Spaces</a></h3>
91
92 The raw color space assigned by default, i.e., in the absence of a
93 user-supplied <a href="../../ImageTypeSpecifier.html">ImageTypeSpecifier</a>,
94 will be the first among the following which applies:
95
96 <ul>
97 <li>A color space created from the <a href="#ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profile</a>
98 metadata field if it is present and compatible with the image data
99 layout.</li>
100 <li><a id="nonICCProfile"></a>sRGB if the image is monochrome/bilevel
101 (a two-level color map is created internally).</li>
102 <li>sRGB if the image is palette-color.</li>
103 <li>Linear RGB if the image has three samples per pixel, has photometric type
104 CIE L*a*b*, or has photometric type YCbCr and is <i>not</i>
105 JPEG-compressed.</li>
106 <li>A <a href="#DefaultCMYK">default CMYK color space</a> if the image has
107 photometric type CMYK and four samples per pixel.</li>
108 <li>Grayscale if the image has one or two samples per pixel and uniformly
109 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits per sample or is floating point.</li>
110 <li>sRGB if the image has three or four samples per pixel and uniformly
111 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits per sample or is floating point.</li>
112 <li>A fabricated, <a href="#GenericCS">generic color space</a> if the image
113 has more than four samples per pixel and the number of bits per sample for
114 all bands is the same and is a multiple of 8.</li>
115 <li>Grayscale if the image has one or two samples per pixel regardless of
116 the number of bits per sample.</li>
117 <li>sRGB if the image has three or four samples per pixel regardless of
118 the number of bits per sample.</li>
119 <li>A fabricated, <a href="#GenericCS">generic color space</a> if the image
120 has more than four samples per pixel regardless of the number of bits per
121 sample.</li>
122 </ul>
123
124 <p><a id="DefaultCMYK"></a>The normalized color coordinate transformations
125 used for the default CMYK color space are defined as follows:
126
127 <ul>
128 <li>CMYK to linear RGB
129 <pre>
130 R = (1 - K)*(1 - C)
131 G = (1 - K)*(1 - M)
132 B = (1 - K)*(1 - Y)
133 </pre>
134 </li>
135 <li>Linear RGB to CMYK
136 <pre>
137 K = min{1 - R, 1 - G, 1 - B}
138 if(K != 1) {
139 C = (1 - R - K)/(1 - K)
140 M = (1 - G - K)/(1 - K)
141 Y = (1 - B - K)/(1 - K)
142 } else {
143 C = M = Y = 0
144 }
145 </pre>
146 </li>
147 </ul>
148
149 <p><a id="GenericCS"></a>The generic color space used when no other color space
150 can be inferred is provided merely to enable the data to be loaded. It is not
151 intended to provide accurate conversions of any kind.</p>
152
153 <p>If the data are known to be in a color space not correctly handled by the
154 foregoing, then an <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> should be
155 supplied to the reader and should be derived from a color space which is correct
156 for the data in question.</p>
157
158 <h3><a id="ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profiles</a></h3>
159
160 If an ICC profile is contained in the image metadata
161 (<a href="../../plugins/tiff/BaselineTIFFTagSet.html">
162 BaselineTIFFTagSet</a>.TAG_ICC_PROFILE, tag number 34675),
163 an attempt will be made to use it to create the color space
164 of the loaded image. It will be used if the data layout is of component type
165 and the number of samples per pixel equals or is one greater than the number
166 of components described by the ICC profile. If the ICC profile is not used
167 then the color space will be inferred in one of the subsequent steps described
168 <a href="#nonICCProfile">above</a>.
169
170 <p>If for some reason the embedded ICC profile is not used automatically, then
171 it may be used manually by following this procedure:
172
173 <ol>
174 <li>Obtain the image metadata from
175 <code>ImageReader.getImageMetadata</code></li>
176 <li>Extract the ICC profile field and its value.</li>
177 <li>Create an <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ICC_ColorSpace.html">
178 ICC_ColorSpace</a> from an
179 <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ICC_Profile.html">
180 ICC_Profile</a> created from the ICC profile field data
181 using <code>ICC_Profile.getInstance(byte[])</code>.</li>
182 <li>Create an <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> from the new color
183 space using one of its factory methods which accepts an
184 <code>ICC_ColorSpace</code>.
185 <li>Create a compatible <a href="../../ImageReadParam.html">ImageReadParam</a>
186 and set the <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> using
187 <code>ImageReadParam.setDestinationType</code>.</li>
188 <li>Pass the parameter object to the appropriate <code>read</code> method.</li>
189 </ol>
190
191 <p>If the inferred color space not based on the ICC Profile field is compatible
192 with the ICC profile-based color space, then a second
193 <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> derived from this inferred color
194 space will be included in the
195 {@link java.util.Iterator Iterator} returned by
196 <code>ImageReader.getImageTypes</code>. If the iterator contains
197 more than one type, the first one will be based on the ICC profile and the
198 second on the inferred color space.</p>
199
200 <h3><a id="MetadataIssuesRead">Metadata Issues</a></h3>
201
202 By default all recognized fields in the TIFF image file directory (IFD) are
203 loaded into the native image metadata object. Which fields are loaded may be
204 controlled by setting which TIFF tags the reader is allowed to recognize,
205 whether to read fields with unrecognized tags, and whether to ignore all
206 metadata. The reader is informed to disregard all metadata as usual via the
207 <code>ignoreMetadata</code> parameter of
208 <code>ImageReader.setInput(Object,boolean,boolean)</code>. It is
209 informed of which <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFTag.html">TIFFTag</a>s to
210 recognize or not to recognize via
211 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.addAllowedTagSet(TIFFTagSet)</code> and
212 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.removeAllowedTagSet(TIFFTagSet)</code>.
213 If <code>ignoreMetadata</code> is <code>true</code>, then only metadata
214 essential to reading the image will be loaded into the native image metadata
215 object. If <code>ignoreMetadata</code> is <code>false</code>, then the reader
216 will by default load into the native image metadata object only those fields
217 which are either essential to reading the image or have a <code>TIFFTag</code>
218 contained in the one of the allowed <code>TIFFTagSet</code>s. Reading of
219 fields with tags not in the allowed <code>TIFFTagSet</code>s may be forced
220 by passing in a <code>TIFFImageReadParam</code> on which
221 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.setReadUnknownTags(boolean)</code> has been
222 invoked with parameter <code>true</code>.
223
224 <p>Use of a <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFDirectory.html">TIFFDirectory</a>
225 object may simplify gaining access to metadata values. An instance of
226 <code>TIFFDirectory</code> may be created from the <code>IIOMetadata</code>
227 object returned by the TIFF reader using the
228 <code>TIFFDirectory.createFromMetadata</code> method.</p>
229
230 <h4><a id="MapNativeStandard"></a>
231 Mapping of TIFF Native Image Metadata to the Standard Metadata Format</h4>
232
233 <table border="1">
234 <caption>The derivation of standard metadata format
235 <a href="standard_metadata.html">javax_imageio_1.0</a>
236 elements from <a href="#ImageMetadata">TIFF native image metadata</a> is given
237 in the following table.</caption>
238 <thead>
239 <tr>
240 <th scope="col">Index</th>
241 <th scope="col">Standard Metadata Element</th>
242 <th scope="col">Derivation from TIFF Fields</th>
243 </tr>
244 </thead>
245 <tbody>
246 <tr>
247 <th scope="row">1</th>
248 <td>/Chroma/ColorSpaceType@name</td>
249 <td>PhotometricInterpretation: WhiteIsZero, BlackIsZero, TransparencyMask =
250 "GRAY"; RGB, PaletteColor => "RGB"; CMYK => "CMYK";
251 YCbCr => "YCbCr";
252 CIELab, ICCLab => "Lab".</td>
253 </tr>
254 <tr>
255 <th scope="row">2</th>
256 <td>/Chroma/NumChannels@value</td>
257 <td>SamplesPerPixel</td>
258 </tr>
259 <tr>
260 <th scope="row">3</th>
261 <td>/Chroma/BlackIsZero@value</td>
262 <td>"TRUE" <=> PhotometricInterpretation => WhiteIsZero</td>
263 </tr>
264 <tr>
265 <th scope="row">4</th>
266 <td>/Chroma/Palette</td>
267 <td>ColorMap</td>
268 </tr>
269 <tr>
270 <th scope="row">5</th>
271 <td>/Compression/CompressionTypeName@value</td>
272 <td>Compression: Uncompressed => "none"; CCITT 1D => "CCITT
273 RLE";
274 Group 3 Fax => "CCITT T.4"; Group 4 Fax => "CCITT T.6";
275 LZW => "LZW";
276 JPEG => "Old JPEG"; New JPEG => "JPEG"; Zlib =>> "ZLib"; PackBits =>
277 "PackBits";
278 Deflate => "Deflate"; Exif JPEG => "JPEG".</td>
279 </tr>
280 <tr>
281 <th scope="row">6</th>
282 <td>/Compression/Lossless@value</td>
283 <td>Compression: JPEG or New JPEG => "FALSE"; otherwise "TRUE".</td>
284 </tr>
285 <tr>
286 <th scope="row">7</th>
287 <td>/Data/PlanarConfiguration@value</td>
288 <td>Chunky => "PixelInterleaved"; Planar => "PlaneInterleaved".</td>
289 </tr>
290 <tr>
291 <th scope="row">8</th>
292 <td>/Data/SampleFormat@value</td>
293 <td>PhotometricInterpretation PaletteColor => "Index";
294 SampleFormat unsigned integer data => "UnsignedIntegral";
295 SampleFormat two's complement signed integer data => "SignedIntegral";
296 SampleFormat IEEE floating point data => "Real";
297 otherwise element not emitted.
298 </td>
299 </tr>
300 <tr>
301 <th scope="row">9</th>
302 <td>/Data/BitsPerSample@value</td>
303 <td>BitsPerSample as a space-separated list.</td>
304 </tr>
305 <tr>
306 <th scope="row">10</th>
307 <td>/Data/SampleMSB@value</td>
308 <td>FillOrder: left-to-right => space-separated list of BitsPerSample-1;
309 right-to-left => space-separated list of 0s.</td>
310 </tr>
311 <tr>
312 <th scope="row">11</th>
313 <td>/Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value</td>
314 <td>(1/XResolution)/(1/YResolution)</td>
315 </tr>
316 <tr>
317 <th scope="row">12</th>
318 <td>/Dimension/ImageOrientation@value</td>
319 <td>Orientation</td>
320 </tr>
321 <tr>
322 <th scope="row">13</th>
323 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value</td>
324 <td>1/XResolution in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
325 </tr>
326 <tr>
327 <th scope="row">14</th>
328 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value</td>
329 <td>1/YResolution in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
330 </tr>
331 <tr>
332 <th scope="row">15</th>
333 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPosition@value</td>
334 <td>XPosition in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
335 </tr>
336 <tr>
337 <th scope="row">16</th>
338 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPosition@value</td>
339 <td>YPosition in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
340 </tr>
341 <tr>
342 <th scope="row">17</th>
343 <td>/Document/FormatVersion@value</td>
344 <td>6.0</td>
345 </tr>
346 <tr>
347 <th scope="row">18</th>
348 <td>/Document/SubimageInterpretation@value</td>
349 <td>NewSubFileType: transparency => "TransparencyMask";
350 reduced-resolution => "ReducedResolution";
351 single page => "SinglePage".</td>
352 </tr>
353 <tr>
354 <th scope="row">19</th>
355 <td>/Document/ImageCreationTime@value</td>
356 <td>DateTime</td>
357 </tr>
358 <tr>
359 <th scope="row">20</th>
360 <td>/Text/TextEntry</td>
361 <td>DocumentName, ImageDescription, Make, Model, PageName, Software,
362 Artist, HostComputer, InkNames, Copyright:
363 /Text/TextEntry@keyword = field name,
364 /Text/TextEntry@value = field value.<br>
365 Example: TIFF Software field => /Text/TextEntry@keyword = "Software",
366 /Text/TextEntry@value = Name and version number of the software package(s)
367 used to create the image.</td>
368 </tr>
369 <tr>
370 <th scope="row">21</th>
371 <td>/Transparency/Alpha@value</td>
372 <td>ExtraSamples: associated alpha => "premultiplied";
373 unassociated alpha => "nonpremultiplied".</td>
374 </tr>
375 </tbody>
376 </table>
377
378 <h3><a id="ExifRead">Reading Exif Images</a></h3>
379
380 The TIFF reader may be used to read an uncompressed Exif image or the
381 contents of the <code>APP1</code> marker segment of a compressed Exif image.
382
383 <h4><a id="ExifReadTIFF">Reading Uncompressed Exif Images</a></h4>
384
385 An uncompressed Exif image is a one- or two-page uncompressed TIFF image
386 with a specific ordering of its IFD and image data content. Each pixel
387 has three 8-bit samples with photometric interpretation RGB or YCbCr.
388 The image stream must contain a single primary image and may contain a
389 single thumbnail which if present must also be uncompressed. The usual
390 <code>ImageReader</code> methods may be used to read the image
391 data and metadata:
392
393 <pre><code>
394 ImageInputStream input;
395 ImageReader tiffReader;
396 ImageReadParam tiffReadParam;
397
398 tiffReader.setInput(input);
399
400 // Read primary image and IFD.
401 BufferedImage image = tiffReader.read(0, tiffReadParam);
402 IIOMetadata primaryIFD = tiffReader.getImageMetadata(0);
403
404 // Read thumbnail if present.
405 BufferedImage thumbnail = null;
406 if (tiffReader.getNumImages(true) > 1) {
407 thumbnail = tiffReader.read(1, tiffReadParam);
408 }
409 </code></pre>
410
411 Note that the Exif thumbnail is treated as a separate page in the TIFF
412 stream and not as a thumbnail, i.e.,
413 <code>tiffReader.hasThumbnails(0)</code> will return <code>false</code>.
414
415 <h4><a id="ExifReadJPEG">Reading Compressed Exif Images</a></h4>
416
417 A compressed Exif image is a 3-band ISO/IEC 10918-1 baseline DCT JPEG stream
418 with an inserted <code>APP1</code> marker segment. The parameters of the marker
419 segment after the length are the 6-byte sequence
420 <code>{'E', 'x', 'i', 'f', 0x00, 0x00}</code>
421 followed by a complete TIFF stream. The embedded TIFF stream contains a primary
422 IFD describing the JPEG image optionally followed by a thumbnail IFD and
423 compressed or uncompressed thumbnail image data. Note that the embedded TIFF
424 stream does not contain any image data associated with the primary IFD
425 nor any descriptive fields which duplicate information found in the JPEG
426 stream itself.
427
428 <p>The parameter content of the <code>APP1</code> marker segment may be obtained
429 from the user object of the associated <code>Node</code> in a
430 <code>javax_imageio_jpeg_image_1.0</code> native image metadata tree extracted
431 from the image metadata object returned by the JPEG reader. This APP1 Exif
432 node will be a child of the node named "markerSequence" and will
433 have name <code>unknown</code> and an attribute named <code>MarkerTag</code> with
434 integral value <code>0xE1</code> (<code>String</code> value
435 <code>"225"</code>). The user object of this node will be a byte array
436 which starts with the six bytes <code>{'E', 'x', 'i', 'f', '0', '0'}</code>.
437 The primary IFD and the thumbnail IFD and image may be
438 read from the user object by the usual <code>ImageReader</code>
439 methods:
440
441 <pre><code>
442 ImageReader jpegReader;
443 ImageReader tiffReader;
444
445 // Obtain the APP1 Exif marker data from the JPEG image metadata.
446 IIOMetadata jpegImageMetadata = jpegReader.getImageMetadata(0);
447 String nativeFormat = jpegImageMetadata.getNativeMetadataFormatName();
448 Node jpegImageMetadataTree = jpegImageMetadata.getAsTree(nativeFormat);
449
450 // getExifMarkerData() returns the byte array which is the user object
451 // of the APP1 Exif marker node.
452 byte[] app1Params = getExifMarkerData(jpegImageMetadataTree);
453 if (app1Params == null) {
454 throw new IIOException("APP1 Exif marker not found.");
455 }
456
457 // Set up input, skipping Exif ID 6-byte sequence.
458 MemoryCacheImageInputStream app1ExifInput
459 = new MemoryCacheImageInputStream
460 (new ByteArrayInputStream(app1Params, 6, app1Params.length - 6));
461 tiffReader.setInput(app1ExifInput);
462
463 // Read primary IFD.
464 IIOMetadata primaryIFD = tiffReader.getImageMetadata(0);
465
466 // Read thumbnail if present.
467 BufferedImage thumbnail = null;
468 if (tiffReader.getNumImages(true) > 1) {
469 thumbnail = tiffReader.read(1, tiffReadParam);
470 }
471
472 // Read the primary image.
473 BufferedImage image = jpegReader.read(0);
474 </code></pre>
475
476 Note that <code>tiffReader.getNumImages(true)</code> returns the number of
477 IFDs in the embedded TIFF stream including those corresponding to empty
478 images. Calling <code>tiffReader.read(0, readParam)</code> will throw
479 an exception as the primary image in the embedded TIFF stream is always
480 empty; the primary image should be obtained using the JPEG reader itself.
481
482 <h2><a id="Writing">Writing Images</a></h2>
483
484 TIFF images are written by a <a href="../../ImageWriter.html">ImageWriter</a> which may be
485 controlled by its public interface as well as via a supplied
486 <a href="../../ImageWriteParam.html">ImageWriteParam</a>. For an <code>ImageWriteParam</code> returned
487 by the <code>getDefaultWriteParam()</code> method of the TIFF <code>ImageWriter</code>,
488 the <code>canWriteTiles()</code> and <code>canWriteCompressed()</code> methods
489 will return <code>true</code>; the <code>canOffsetTiles()</code> and
490 <code>canWriteProgressive()</code> methods will return <code>false</code>.
491
492 The TIFF writer supports many optional capabilities including writing tiled
493 images, inserting images, writing or inserting empty images, and replacing image
494 data. Pixels may be replaced in either empty or non-empty images but if and
495 only if the data are not compressed.
496
497 <p> If tiles are being written, then each of their dimensions will be
498 rounded to the nearest multiple of 16 per the TIFF specification. If
499 JPEG-in-TIFF compression is being used, and tiles are being written
500 each tile dimension will be rounded to the nearest multiple of 8 times
501 the JPEG minimum coded unit (MCU) in that dimension. If JPEG-in-TIFF
502 compression is being used and strips are being written, the number of
503 rows per strip is rounded to a multiple of 8 times the maximum MCU over
504 both dimensions.</p>
505
506 <!-- <h3>Supported Image Types</h3> -->
507
508 <!-- Table? -->
509
510 <h3><a id="Compression">Compression</a></h3>
511
512 The compression type may be set via the <code>setCompressionType()</code> method of
513 the <code>ImageWriteParam</code> after setting the compression mode to
514 <code>MODE_EXPLICIT</code>. The set of innately
515 supported compression types is listed in the following table:
516
517 <table border=1>
518 <caption><b>Supported Compression Types</b></caption>
519 <thead>
520 <tr>
521 <th scope="col">Index</th>
522 <th scope="col">Compression Type</th>
523 <th scope="col">Description</th>
524 <th scope="col">Reference</th>
525 </tr>
526 </thead>
527 <tbody>
528 <tr>
529 <th scope="row">1</th>
530 <td>CCITT RLE</td>
531 <td>Modified Huffman compression</td>
532 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 10</td>
533 </tr>
534 <tr>
535 <th scope="row">2</th>
536 <td>CCITT T.4</td>
537 <td>CCITT T.4 bilevel encoding/Group 3 facsimile compression</td>
538 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 11</td>
539 </tr>
540 <tr>
541 <th scope="row">3</th>
542 <td>CCITT T.6</td>
543 <td>CCITT T.6 bilevel encoding/Group 4 facsimile compression</td>
544 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 11</td></tr>
545 <tr>
546 <th scope="row">4</th>
547 <td>LZW</td>
548 <td>LZW compression</td>
549 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 13</td></tr>
550 <tr>
551 <th scope="row">5</th>
552 <td>JPEG</td>
553 <td>"New" JPEG-in-TIFF compression</td>
554 <td>TIFF Technical Note #2</td></tr>
555 <tr>
556 <th scope="row">6</th>
557 <td>ZLib</td>
558 <td>"Deflate/Inflate" compression (see note following this table)</td>
559 <td>Adobe Photoshop® TIFF Technical Notes</td>
560 </tr>
561 <tr>
562 <th scope="row">7</th>
563 <td>PackBits</td>
564 <td>Byte-oriented, run length compression</td>
565 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 9</td>
566 </tr>
567 <tr>
568 <th scope="row">8</th>
569 <td>Deflate</td>
570 <td>"Zip-in-TIFF" compression (see note following this table)</td>
571 <td><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1950">
572 ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification</a>,
573 <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1951">
574 DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification</a></td>
575 </tr>
576 <tr>
577 <th scope="row">9</th>
578 <td>Exif JPEG</td>
579 <td>Exif-specific JPEG compression (see note following this table)</td>
580 <td><a href="http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF">Exif 2.2 Specification</a>
581 (PDF), section 4.5.5, "Basic Structure of Thumbnail Data"</td>
582 </tbody>
583 </table>
584
585 <p>
586 Old-style JPEG compression as described in section 22 of the TIFF 6.0
587 Specification is <i>not</i> supported.
588 </p>
589
590 <p> The CCITT compression types are applicable to bilevel (1-bit)
591 images only. The JPEG compression type is applicable to byte
592 grayscale (1-band) and RGB (3-band) images only.</p>
593
594 <p>
595 ZLib and Deflate compression are identical except for the value of the
596 TIFF Compression field: for ZLib the Compression field has value 8
597 whereas for Deflate it has value 32946 (0x80b2). In both cases each
598 image segment (strip or tile) is written as a single complete zlib data
599 stream.
600 </p>
601
602 <p>
603 "Exif JPEG" is a compression type used when writing the contents of an
604 APP1 Exif marker segment for inclusion in a JPEG native image metadata
605 tree. The contents appended to the output when this compression type is
606 used are a function of whether an empty or non-empty image is written.
607 If the image is empty, then a TIFF IFD adhering to the specification of
608 a compressed Exif primary IFD is appended. If the image is non-empty,
609 then a complete IFD and image adhering to the specification of a
610 compressed Exif thumbnail IFD and image are appended. Note that the
611 data of the empty image may <i>not</i> later be appended using the pixel
612 replacement capability of the TIFF writer.
613 </p>
614
615 <p> If ZLib/Deflate or JPEG compression is used, the compression quality
616 may be set. For ZLib/Deflate the supplied floating point quality value is
617 rescaled to the range <code>[1, 9]</code> and truncated to an integer
618 to derive the Deflate compression level. For JPEG the floating point
619 quality value is passed directly to the JPEG writer plug-in which
620 interprets it in the usual way.</p>
621
622 <h3><a id="ColorConversionWrite">Color Conversion</a></h3>
623
624 <p>If the source image data
625 color space type is RGB, and the destination photometric type is CIE L*a*b* or
626 YCbCr, then the source image data will be automatically converted from
627 RGB using an internal color converter.</p>
628
629 <h3><a id="ICCProfilesWrite">ICC Profiles</a></h3>
630
631 An <code>ICC Profile</code> field will be written if either:
632 <ul>
633 <li>one is present in the native image metadata
634 <a href="../IIOMetadata.html">IIOMetadata</a> instance supplied to the writer,
635 or</li>
636 <li>the <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ColorSpace.html">ColorSpace</a>
637 of the destination <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> is an instance of
638 <code>ICC_ColorSpace</code> which is not one of the standard
639 color spaces defined by the <code>CS_*</code> constants in the
640 <code>ColorSpace</code> class. The destination type is set via
641 <code>ImageWriteParam.setDestinationType(ImageTypeSpecifier)</code> and defaults
642 to the <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> of the image being written.
643 </li>
644 </ul>
645
646 <h3><a id="MetadataIssuesWrite">Metadata Issues</a></h3>
647
648 Some behavior of the writer is affected by or may affect the contents of
649 the image metadata which may be supplied by the user.
650
651 <p>For bilevel images, the <code>FillOrder</code>, and <code>T4Options</code>
652 fields affect the output data. The data will be filled right-to-left if
653 <code>FillOrder</code> is present with a value of 2
654 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.FILL_ORDER_RIGHT_TO_LEFT</code>)
655 and will be filled left-to-right otherwise. The value of <code>T4Options</code>
656 specifies whether the data should be 1D- or 2D-encoded and whether EOL
657 padding should be used.</p>
658
659 <p>For all images the value of the <code>RowsPerStrip</code> field is used
660 to the set the number of rows per strip if the image is not tiled. The
661 default number of rows per strip is either 8 or the number of rows which
662 would fill no more than 8 kilobytes, whichever is larger.</p>
663
664 <p>For all images the tile dimensions may be set using the <code>TileWidth</code>
665 and <code>TileLength</code> field values if the tiling mode is
666 <code>ImageWriteParam.MODE_COPY_FROM_METADATA</code>. If this mode
667 is set but the fields are not, their respective default values are the image
668 width and height.</p>
669
670 <p>When using JPEG-in-TIFF compression, a <code>JPEGTables</code> field will be
671 written to the IFD and abbreviated JPEG streams to each strip or tile if and
672 only if a <code>JPEGTables</code> field is contained in the metadata object
673 provided to the writer. If the contents of the <code>JPEGTables</code> field is
674 a valid tables-only JPEG stream, then it will be used; otherwise the contents
675 of the field will be replaced with default visually lossless tables. If no
676 such <code>JPEGTables</code> field is present in the metadata, then no
677 <code>JPEGTables</code> field will be written to the output and each strip or
678 tile will be written as a separate, self-contained JPEG stream.</p>
679
680 <p>When using Deflate/ZLib or LZW compression, if the image has 8 bits per
681 sample, a horizontal differencing predictor will be used if the
682 <code>Predictor</code> field is present with a value of 2
683 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL_DIFFERENCING</code>).
684 If prediction is so requested but the image does not have
685 8 bits per sample the field will be reset to have the value 1
686 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.PREDICTOR_NONE</code>).
687 </p>
688
689 <p>Some fields may be added or modified:
690
691 <ul>
692 <li><code>PhotometricInterpretation</code> if not present.</li>
693 <li><code>PlanarConfiguration</code> if this field is present with value
694 <code>Planar</code> is is reset to <code>Chunky</code>.</li>
695 <li><code>Compression</code> always.</li>
696 <li><code>BitsPerSample</code> if the image is not bilevel.</li>
697 <li><code>SamplesPerPixel</code> always.</li>
698 <li><code>ExtraSamples</code> if an alpha channel is present.</li>
699 <li><code>SampleFormat</code> if not present and the data are 16- or 32-bit
700 integers or floating point.</li>
701 <li><code>ColorMap</code> if the <code>PhotometricInterpretation</code> is
702 <code>RGBPalette</code>.</li>
703 <li><code>ImageWidth</code> and <code>ImageLength</code> always.</li>
704 <li><code>TileWidth</code>, <code>TileLength</code>, <code>TileOffsets</code>, and
705 <code>TileByteCounts</code> if a tiled image is being written.</li>
706 <li><code>RowsPerStrip</code>, <code>StripOffsets</code>, and <code>StripByteCounts</code>
707 if a tiled image is <i>not</i> being written.</li>
708 <li><code>XResolution</code>, <code>YResolution</code>, and <code>ResolutionUnit</code>
709 if none of these is present.</li>
710 <li><code>YCbCrSubsampling</code> and <code>YCbCrPositioning</code> if the
711 photometric interpretation is YCbCr and the compression type is not JPEG
712 (only [1, 1] subsampling and cosited positioning are supported for
713 non-JPEG YCbCr output).</li>
714 <li><code>YCbCrSubsampling</code>, <code>YCbCrPositioning</code>, and
715 <code>ReferenceBlackWhite</code>: if the compression type is JPEG and the color
716 space is RGB these will be reset to [2, 2] centered subsampling with no
717 headroom/footroom (0:255,128:255,128:255).</li>
718 </ul>
719
720 <p>Some fields may be removed:
721
722 <ul>
723 <li><code>BitsPerSample</code> if the image is bilevel.</li>
724 <li><code>ExtraSamples</code> if the image does not have an alpha channel.</li>
725 <li><code>ColorMap</code> if the photometric interpretation is not
726 <code>RGBPalette</code>.</li>
727 <li><code>TileWidth</code>, <code>TileLength</code>, <code>TileOffsets</code>, and
728 <code>TileByteCounts</code> if tiling <i>is not</i> being used.</li>
729 <li><code>RowsPerStrip</code>, <code>StripOffsets</code>, and <code>StripByteCounts</code>
730 if tiling <i>is</i> being used.</li>
731 <li><code>YCbCrSubsampling</code>, <code>YCbCrPositioning</code>, and
732 <code>ReferenceBlackWhite</code> if the compression type is JPEG and the
733 color space is grayscale.</li>
734 <li><code>JPEGProc</code>, <code>JPEGInterchangeFormat</code>,
735 <code>JPEGInterchangeFormatLength</code>, <code>JPEGRestartInterval</code>,
736 <code>JPEGLosslessPredictors</code>, <code>JPEGPointTransforms</code>,
737 <code>JPEGQTables</code>, <code>JPEGDCTables</code>, and
738 <code>JPEGACTables</code> if the compression type is JPEG.</li>
739 </ul>
740
741 <p>Other fields present in the supplied metadata are uninterpreted and will
742 be written as supplied.</p>
743
744 <p>If an Exif image is being written, the set of fields present and their
745 values will be modified such that the result is in accord with the Exif 2.2
746 specification.</p>
747
748 <p>Setting up the image metadata to write to a TIFF stream may be simplified
749 by using the <code>TIFFDirectory</code> class
750 which represents a TIFF IFD. A field in a TIFF IFD is represented by an
751 instance of <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFField.html">TIFFField</a>. For each
752 field to be written a <code>TIFFField</code> may be added to the
753 <code>TIFFDirectory</code> and the latter converted to an
754 <code>IIOMetadata</code> object by invoking
755 <code>TIFFDirectory.getAsMetadata</code>. The
756 <code>IIOMetadata</code> object so obtained may then be passed to the TIFF
757 writer.</p>
758
759 <h4><a id="MapStandardNative"></a>
760 Mapping of the Standard Metadata Format to TIFF Native Image Metadata</h4>
761
762
763 <table border="1">
764 <caption>The derivation of <a href="#ImageMetadata">TIFF native image metadata</a>
765 elements from the standard metadata format
766 <a href="standard_metadata.html">javax_imageio_1.0</a> is
767 given in the following table.</caption>
768 <thead>
769 <tr>
770 <th scope="col">Index</th>
771 <th scope="col">TIFF Field</th>
772 <th scope="col">Derivation from Standard Metadata Elements</th>
773 </tr>
774 </thead>
775 <tbody>
776 <tr>
777 <th scope="row">1</th>
778 <td>
779 PhotometricInterpretation
780 </td>
781 <td>/Chroma/ColorSpaceType@name: "GRAY" and /Chroma/BlackIsZero@value = "FALSE"
782 => WhiteIsZero; "GRAY" and /Document/SubimageInterpretation@value =
783 "TransparencyMask" => TransparencyMask; "RGB" and /Chroma/Palette present =>
784 PaletteColor; "GRAY" => BlackIsZero; "RGB" => RGB; "YCbCr" => YCbCr;
785 "CMYK" => CMYK; "Lab" => CIELab.</td>
786 </tr>
787 <tr>
788 <th scope="row">2</th>
789 <td>SamplesPerPixel</td>
790 <td>/Chroma/NumChannels@value</td>
791 </tr>
792 <tr>
793 <th scope="row">3</th>
794 <td>ColorMap</td>
795 <td>/Chroma/Palette</td>
796 </tr>
797 <tr>
798 <th scope="row">4</th>
799 <td>Compression</td>
800 <td>/Compression/CompressionTypeName@value: "none" => Uncompressed;
801 "CCITT RLE" => CCITT 1D; "CCITT T.4" => Group 3 Fax; "CCITT T.6" => Group 4
802 Fax; "LZW" => LZW; "Old JPEG" => JPEG; "JPEG" => New JPEG; "ZLib" => ZLib;
803 "PackBits" => PackBits; "Deflate" => Deflate.</td>
804 </tr>
805 <tr>
806 <th scope="row">5</th>
807 <td>PlanarConfiguration</td>
808 <td>/Data/PlanarConfiguration@value: "PixelInterleaved" => Chunky;
809 "PlaneInterleaved" => Planar.</td>
810 </tr>
811 <tr>
812 <th scope="row">6</th>
813 <td>SampleFormat</td>
814 <td>/Data/SampleFormat@value: "SignedIntegral" => two's complement signed
815 integer data; "UnsignedIntegral" => unsigned integer data; "Real" =>
816 IEEE floating point data; "Index" => unsigned integer data.
817 </td>
818 </tr>
819 <tr>
820 <th scope="row">7</th>
821 <td>BitsPerSample</td>
822 <td>/Data/BitsPerSample@value: space-separated list parsed to char array.</td>
823 </tr>
824 <tr>
825 <th scope="row">8</th>
826 <td>FillOrder</td>
827 <td>/Data/SampleMSB@value: if all values in space-separated list are 0s =>
828 right-to-left; otherwise => left-to-right.
829 </td>
830 </tr>
831 <tr>
832 <th scope="row">9</th>
833 <td>XResolution</td>
834 <td>(10 / /Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value) or
835 (10 / (/Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value *
836 /Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value))</td>
837 </tr>
838 <tr>
839 <th scope="row">10</th>
840 <td>YResolution</td>
841 <td>(10 / /Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value) or
842 (10 / (/Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value /
843 /Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value))</td>
844 </tr>
845 <tr>
846 <th scope="row">11</th>
847 <td>ResolutionUnit</td>
848 <td>Centimeter if XResolution or YResolution set; otherwise None.</td>
849 </tr>
850 <tr>
851 <th scope="row">12</th>
852 <td>Orientation</td>
853 <td>/Dimension/ImageOrientation@value</td>
854 </tr>
855 <tr>
856 <th scope="row">13</th>
857 <td>XPosition</td>
858 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPosition@value / 10</td>
859 </tr>
860 <tr>
861 <th scope="row">14</th>
862 <td>YPosition</td>
863 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPosition@value / 10</td>
864 </tr>
865 <tr>
866 <th scope="row">15</th>
867 <td>NewSubFileType</td>
868 <td>/Document/SubimageInterpretation@value: "TransparencyMask" =>
869 transparency mask; "ReducedResolution" => reduced-resolution;
870 "SinglePage" => single page.</td>
871 </tr>
872 <tr>
873 <th scope="row">16</th>
874 <td>DateTime</td>
875 <td>/Document/ImageCreationTime@value</td>
876 </tr>
877 <tr>
878 <th scope="row">17</th>
879 <td>DocumentName, ImageDescription, Make, Model, PageName, Software,
880 Artist, HostComputer, InkNames, Copyright</td>
881 <td>/Text/TextEntry: if /Text/TextEntry@keyword is the name of any of the
882 TIFF Fields, e.g., "Software", then the field is added with content
883 /Text/TextEntry@value and count 1.</td>
884 </tr>
885 <tr>
886 <th scope="row">18</th>
887 <td>ExtraSamples</td>
888 <td>/Transparency/Alpha@value: "premultiplied" => associated alpha, count 1;
889 "nonpremultiplied" => unassociated alpha, count 1.</td>
890 </tr>
891 </tbody>
892 </table>
893
894 <h3><a id="ExifWrite">Writing Exif Images</a></h3>
895
896 The TIFF writer may be used to write an uncompressed Exif image or the
897 contents of the <code>APP1</code> marker segment of a compressed Exif image.
898
899 <h4><a id="ExifWriteTIFF">Writing Uncompressed Exif Images</a></h4>
900
901 When writing a sequence of images each image is normally recorded as
902 {IFD, IFD Value, Image Data}. The Exif specification requires
903 that an uncompressed Exif image be structured as follows:
904
905 <a id="ExifStructure"></a>
906 <ol>
907 <li>Image File Header</li>
908 <li>Primary IFD</li>
909 <li>Primary IFD Value</li>
910 <li>Thumbnail IFD</li>
911 <li>Thumbnail IFD Value</li>
912 <li>Thumbnail Image Data</li>
913 <li>Primary Image Data</li>
914 </ol>
915
916 To meet the requirement of the primary image data being recorded last, the
917 primary image must be written initially as an empty image and have its data
918 added via pixel replacement after the thumbnail IFD and image data have been
919 written:
920
921 <pre><code>
922 ImageWriter tiffWriter;
923 ImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam;
924 IIOMetadata tiffStreamMetadata;
925 IIOMetadata primaryIFD;
926 BufferedImage image;
927 BufferedImage thumbnail;
928
929 // Specify uncompressed output.
930 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);
931
932 if (thumbnail != null) {
933 // Write the TIFF header.
934 tiffWriter.prepareWriteSequence(tiffStreamMetadata);
935
936 // Append the primary IFD.
937 tiffWriter.prepareInsertEmpty(-1, // append
938 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
939 image.getWidth(),
940 image.getHeight(),
941 primaryIFD,
942 null, // thumbnails
943 tiffWriteParam);
944 tiffWriter.endInsertEmpty();
945
946 // Append the thumbnail image data.
947 tiffWriter.writeToSequence(new IIOImage(thumbnail, null, null),
948 tiffWriteParam);
949
950 // Insert the primary image data.
951 tiffWriter.prepareReplacePixels(0, new Rectangle(image.getWidth(),
952 image.getHeight()));
953 tiffWriter.replacePixels(image, tiffWriteParam);
954 tiffWriter.endReplacePixels();
955
956 // End writing.
957 tiffWriter.endWriteSequence();
958 } else {
959 // Write only the primary IFD and image data.
960 tiffWriter.write(tiffStreamMetadata,
961 new IIOImage(image, null, primaryIFD),
962 tiffWriteParam);
963 }
964 </code></pre>
965
966 <h4><a id="ExifWriteJPEG">Writing Compressed Exif Images</a></h4>
967
968 The structure of the embedded TIFF stream in the <code>APP1</code> segment of a
969 compressed Exif image is identical to the <a href="#ExifStructure">
970 uncompressed Exif image structure</a> except that there are no primary
971 image data, i.e., the primary IFD does not refer to any image data.
972
973 <pre><code>
974 ImageWriter tiffWriter;
975 ImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam;
976 IIOMetadata tiffStreamMetadata;
977 BufferedImage image;
978 BufferedImage thumbnail;
979 IIOMetadata primaryIFD;
980 ImageOutputStream output;
981
982 // Set up an output to contain the APP1 Exif TIFF stream.
983 ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
984 MemoryCacheImageOutputStream app1ExifOutput =
985 new MemoryCacheImageOutputStream(baos);
986 tiffWriter.setOutput(app1ExifOutput);
987
988 // Set compression for the thumbnail.
989 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT);
990 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionType("Exif JPEG");
991
992 // Write the APP1 Exif TIFF stream.
993 if (thumbnail != null) {
994 // Write the TIFF header.
995 tiffWriter.prepareWriteSequence(tiffStreamMetadata);
996
997 // Append the primary IFD.
998 tiffWriter.prepareInsertEmpty(-1, // append
999 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
1000 image.getWidth(),
1001 image.getHeight(),
1002 primaryIFD,
1003 null, // thumbnails
1004 tiffWriteParam);
1005 tiffWriter.endInsertEmpty();
1006
1007 // Append the thumbnail IFD and image data.
1008 tiffWriter.writeToSequence(new IIOImage(thumbnail, null,
1009 null), tiffWriteParam);
1010
1011 // End writing.
1012 tiffWriter.endWriteSequence();
1013 } else {
1014 // Write only the primary IFD.
1015 tiffWriter.prepareWriteEmpty(tiffStreamMetadata,
1016 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
1017 image.getWidth(),
1018 image.getHeight(),
1019 primaryIFD,
1020 null, // thumbnails
1021 tiffWriteParam);
1022 tiffWriter.endWriteEmpty();
1023 }
1024
1025 // Flush data into byte stream.
1026 app1ExifOutput.flush();
1027
1028 // Create APP1 parameter array.
1029 byte[] app1Parameters = new byte[6 + baos.size()];
1030
1031 // Add APP1 Exif ID bytes.
1032 app1Parameters[0] = (byte) 'E';
1033 app1Parameters[1] = (byte) 'x';
1034 app1Parameters[2] = (byte) 'i';
1035 app1Parameters[3] = (byte) 'f';
1036 app1Parameters[4] = app1Parameters[5] = (byte) 0;
1037
1038 // Append TIFF stream to APP1 parameters.
1039 System.arraycopy(baos.toByteArray(), 0, app1Parameters, 6, baos.size());
1040
1041 // Create the APP1 Exif node to be added to native JPEG image metadata.
1042 IIOMetadataNode app1Node = new IIOMetadataNode("unknown");
1043 app1Node.setAttribute("MarkerTag", String.valueOf(0xE1));
1044 app1Node.setUserObject(app1Parameters);
1045
1046 // Append the APP1 Exif marker to the "markerSequence" node.
1047 IIOMetadata jpegImageMetadata =
1048 jpegWriter.getDefaultImageMetadata(new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
1049 jpegWriteParam);
1050 String nativeFormat = jpegImageMetadata.getNativeMetadataFormatName();
1051 Node tree = jpegImageMetadata.getAsTree(nativeFormat);
1052 NodeList children = tree.getChildNodes();
1053 int numChildren = children.getLength();
1054 for (int i = 0; i < numChildren; i++) {
1055 Node child = children.item(i);
1056 if (child.getNodeName().equals("markerSequence")) {
1057 child.appendChild(app1Node);
1058 break;
1059 }
1060 }
1061 jpegImageMetadata.setFromTree(nativeFormat, tree);
1062
1063 // Write the JPEG image data including the APP1 Exif marker.
1064 jpegWriter.setOutput(output);
1065 jpegWriter.write(new IIOImage(image, null, jpegImageMetadata));
1066 </code></pre>
1067
1068 The <code>"unknown"</code> node created above would be appended to the
1069 <code>"markerSequence"</code> node of the native JPEG image metadata
1070 and written to the JPEG stream when the primary image is written using
1071 the JPEG writer.
1072
1073 <h2><a id="StreamMetadata">Stream Metadata</a></h2>
1074
1075 The DTD for the TIFF native stream metadata format is as follows:
1076
1077 <pre>
1078 <!DOCTYPE "javax_imageio_tiff_stream_1.0" [
1079
1080 <!ELEMENT "javax_imageio_tiff_stream_1.0" (ByteOrder)>
1081
1082 <!ELEMENT "ByteOrder" EMPTY>
1083 <!-- The stream byte order -->
1084 <!ATTLIST "ByteOrder" "value" #CDATA #REQUIRED>
1085 <!-- One of "BIG_ENDIAN" or "LITTLE_ENDIAN" -->
1086 <!-- Data type: String -->
1087 ]>
1088 </pre>
1089
1090 <h2><a id="ImageMetadata">Image Metadata</a></h2>
1091
1092 The DTD for the TIFF native image metadata format is as follows:
1093
1094 <pre>
1095 <!DOCTYPE "javax_imageio_tiff_image_1.0" [
1096
1097 <!ELEMENT "javax_imageio_tiff_image_1.0" (TIFFIFD)*>
1098
1099 <!ELEMENT "TIFFIFD" (TIFFField | TIFFIFD)*>
1100 <!-- An IFD (directory) containing fields -->
1101 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "tagSets" #CDATA #REQUIRED>
1102 <!-- Data type: String -->
1103 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "parentTagNumber" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1104 <!-- The tag number of the field pointing to this IFD -->
1105 <!-- Data type: Integer -->
1106 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "parentTagName" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1107 <!-- A mnemonic name for the field pointing to this IFD, if known
1108 -->
1109 <!-- Data type: String -->
1110
1111 <!ELEMENT "TIFFField" (TIFFBytes | TIFFAsciis |
1112 TIFFShorts | TIFFSShorts | TIFFLongs | TIFFSLongs |
1113 TIFFRationals | TIFFSRationals |
1114 TIFFFloats | TIFFDoubles | TIFFUndefined)>
1115 <!-- A field containing data -->
1116 <!ATTLIST "TIFFField" "number" #CDATA #REQUIRED>
1117 <!-- The tag number asociated with the field -->
1118 <!-- Data type: String -->
1119 <!ATTLIST "TIFFField" "name" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1120 <!-- A mnemonic name associated with the field, if known -->
1121 <!-- Data type: String -->
1122
1123 <!ELEMENT "TIFFBytes" (TIFFByte)*>
1124 <!-- A sequence of TIFFByte nodes -->
1125
1126 <!ELEMENT "TIFFByte" EMPTY>
1127 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 255 -->
1128 <!ATTLIST "TIFFByte" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1129 <!-- The value -->
1130 <!-- Data type: String -->
1131 <!ATTLIST "TIFFByte" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1132 <!-- A description, if available -->
1133 <!-- Data type: String -->
1134
1135 <!ELEMENT "TIFFAsciis" (TIFFAscii)*>
1136 <!-- A sequence of TIFFAscii nodes -->
1137
1138 <!ELEMENT "TIFFAscii" EMPTY>
1139 <!-- A String value -->
1140 <!ATTLIST "TIFFAscii" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1141 <!-- The value -->
1142 <!-- Data type: String -->
1143
1144 <!ELEMENT "TIFFShorts" (TIFFShort)*>
1145 <!-- A sequence of TIFFShort nodes -->
1146
1147 <!ELEMENT "TIFFShort" EMPTY>
1148 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 65535 -->
1149 <!ATTLIST "TIFFShort" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1150 <!-- The value -->
1151 <!-- Data type: String -->
1152 <!ATTLIST "TIFFShort" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1153 <!-- A description, if available -->
1154 <!-- Data type: String -->
1155
1156 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSShorts" (TIFFSShort)*>
1157 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSShort nodes -->
1158
1159 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSShort" EMPTY>
1160 <!-- An integral value between -32768 and 32767 -->
1161 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSShort" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1162 <!-- The value -->
1163 <!-- Data type: String -->
1164 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSShort" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1165 <!-- A description, if available -->
1166 <!-- Data type: String -->
1167
1168 <!ELEMENT "TIFFLongs" (TIFFLong)*>
1169 <!-- A sequence of TIFFLong nodes -->
1170
1171 <!ELEMENT "TIFFLong" EMPTY>
1172 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 4294967295 -->
1173 <!ATTLIST "TIFFLong" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1174 <!-- The value -->
1175 <!-- Data type: String -->
1176 <!ATTLIST "TIFFLong" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1177 <!-- A description, if available -->
1178 <!-- Data type: String -->
1179
1180 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSLongs" (TIFFSLong)*>
1181 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSLong nodes -->
1182
1183 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSLong" EMPTY>
1184 <!-- An integral value between -2147483648 and 2147482647 -->
1185 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSLong" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1186 <!-- The value -->
1187 <!-- Data type: String -->
1188 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSLong" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1189 <!-- A description, if available -->
1190 <!-- Data type: String -->
1191
1192 <!ELEMENT "TIFFRationals" (TIFFRational)*>
1193 <!-- A sequence of TIFFRational nodes -->
1194
1195 <!ELEMENT "TIFFRational" EMPTY>
1196 <!-- A rational value consisting of an unsigned numerator and
1197 denominator -->
1198 <!ATTLIST "TIFFRational" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1199 <!-- The numerator and denominator, separated by a slash -->
1200 <!-- Data type: String -->
1201
1202 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSRationals" (TIFFSRational)*>
1203 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSRational nodes -->
1204
1205 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSRational" EMPTY>
1206 <!-- A rational value consisting of a signed numerator and
1207 denominator -->
1208 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSRational" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1209 <!-- The numerator and denominator, separated by a slash -->
1210 <!-- Data type: String -->
1211
1212 <!ELEMENT "TIFFFloats" (TIFFFloat)*>
1213 <!-- A sequence of TIFFFloat nodes -->
1214
1215 <!ELEMENT "TIFFFloat" EMPTY>
1216 <!-- A single-precision floating-point value -->
1217 <!ATTLIST "TIFFFloat" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1218 <!-- The value -->
1219 <!-- Data type: String -->
1220
1221 <!ELEMENT "TIFFDoubles" (TIFFDouble)*>
1222 <!-- A sequence of TIFFDouble nodes -->
1223
1224 <!ELEMENT "TIFFDouble" EMPTY>
1225 <!-- A double-precision floating-point value -->
1226 <!ATTLIST "TIFFDouble" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1227 <!-- The value -->
1228 <!-- Data type: String -->
1229
1230 <!ELEMENT "TIFFUndefined" EMPTY>
1231 <!-- Uninterpreted byte data -->
1232 <!ATTLIST "TIFFUndefined" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1233 <!-- A list of comma-separated byte values -->
1234 <!-- Data type: String -->
1235 ]>
1236 </pre>
1237
1238 @since 9
1239 </div>
1240 </main>
1241 </body>
1242 </html>