1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 29 30 # Notes are at the end of this file 31 32 ############################################################################### 33 34 # Australia 35 36 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 37 38 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 44 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 45 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 46 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 47 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 48 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 49 50 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51 # Northern Territory 52 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 53 9:00 - CST 1899 May 54 9:30 Aus CST 55 # Western Australia 56 # 57 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 58 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 59 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 60 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 61 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 62 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 63 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 64 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 65 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 68 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 69 8:00 AW WST 70 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 71 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 72 8:45 AW CWST 73 74 # Queensland 75 # 76 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 77 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 78 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 79 # Queensland ceased to. 80 # 81 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 82 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 83 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 84 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 85 # so use Lindeman. 86 # 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 89 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 91 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 93 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 94 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 95 10:00 Aus EST 1971 96 10:00 AQ EST 97 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 98 10:00 Aus EST 1971 99 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 100 10:00 Holiday EST 101 102 # South Australia 103 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 104 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 105 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 106 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 108 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 109 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 - 112 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 119 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 120 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 121 9:00 - CST 1899 May 122 9:30 Aus CST 1971 123 9:30 AS CST 124 125 # Tasmania 126 # 127 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 128 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 129 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 130 # 131 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 132 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 133 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 134 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 135 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 136 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 137 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 138 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 139 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 140 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 141 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 142 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 143 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 144 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 146 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 147 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 149 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 151 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 152 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 153 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 154 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 155 10:00 Aus EST 1967 156 10:00 AT EST 157 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 158 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 159 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 160 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 161 10:00 AT EST 162 163 # Victoria 164 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 165 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 166 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 167 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 170 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 172 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 174 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 176 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 181 10:00 Aus EST 1971 182 10:00 AV EST 183 184 # New South Wales 185 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 186 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 187 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 188 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 189 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 192 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 193 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 194 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 195 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 196 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 197 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 198 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 199 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 200 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 201 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 203 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 204 10:00 Aus EST 1971 205 10:00 AN EST 206 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 207 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 208 9:00 - CST 1899 May 209 9:30 Aus CST 1971 210 9:30 AN CST 2000 211 9:30 AS CST 212 213 # Lord Howe Island 214 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 215 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 216 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 217 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 218 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 219 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 220 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 221 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 222 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 223 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 224 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 226 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 227 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 229 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 230 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 231 10:30 LH LHST 232 233 # Australian miscellany 234 # 235 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 236 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 237 # no times are set 238 # 239 # Coral Sea Is 240 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 241 # no times are set 242 # 243 # Macquarie 244 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 245 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 246 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 247 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828> 248 # <http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831>. 249 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 250 # 251 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 252 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 253 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 254 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 255 # on 4 April. 256 # 257 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 258 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 259 # will produce a binary file with an EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 260 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 261 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 262 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 263 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 264 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 265 10:00 Aus EST 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 266 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 267 10:00 Aus EST 1967 268 10:00 AT EST 2010 Apr 4 3:00 269 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 270 271 # Christmas 272 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 273 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 274 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 275 276 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 277 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 278 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 279 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 280 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 281 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 282 283 284 # Fiji 285 286 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 287 288 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 289 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 290 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 291 # 292 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 293 # <a href="http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719"> 294 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 295 # </a> 296 # or 297 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html"> 298 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 299 # </a> 300 301 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 302 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 303 # amendments: 304 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml"> 305 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 306 # </a> 307 308 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 309 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 310 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 311 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 312 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 313 # 314 # Official source: 315 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166"> 316 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 317 # </a> 318 # 319 # A bit more background info here: 320 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html"> 321 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 322 # </a> 323 324 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 325 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 326 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 327 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 328 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 329 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 330 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 331 # </a> 332 # or 333 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html"> 334 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 335 # </a> 336 337 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 338 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 339 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 340 # 341 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 342 # www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 343 # </a> 344 # which says 345 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 346 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 347 # 2am on February 26 next year. 348 349 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 350 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 351 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 352 # 353 # <a href="http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155"> 354 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 355 # </a> 356 # states: 357 # 358 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 359 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 360 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 361 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 362 363 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 364 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 365 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 366 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 367 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 368 369 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 370 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 371 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 372 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 373 374 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 375 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 376 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 377 378 # From Paul Eggert (2014-01-10): 379 # For now, guess that Fiji springs forward the Sunday before the fourth 380 # Monday in October, and springs back the penultimate Sunday in January. 381 # This is ad hoc, but matches recent practice. 382 383 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 384 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 385 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 386 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 387 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 388 Rule Fiji 2010 max - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 389 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 390 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 391 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 394 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 395 396 # French Polynesia 397 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 398 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 399 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 400 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 401 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 402 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 403 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 404 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 405 # it is uninhabited. 406 407 # Guam 408 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 409 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 410 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 411 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 412 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 413 414 # Kiribati 415 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 416 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 417 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 418 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 419 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 420 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 421 13:00 - PHOT 422 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 423 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 424 -10:00 - LINT 1995 425 14:00 - LINT 426 427 # N Mariana Is 428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 429 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 430 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 431 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 432 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 433 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 434 435 # Marshall Is 436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 437 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 438 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 439 12:00 - MHT 440 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 441 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 442 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 443 12:00 - MHT 444 445 # Micronesia 446 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 447 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 448 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 449 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 450 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 451 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 452 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 453 12:00 - KOST 1999 454 11:00 - KOST 455 456 # Nauru 457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 459 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 460 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 461 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 462 12:00 - NRT 463 464 # New Caledonia 465 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 466 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 467 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 468 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 469 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 470 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 471 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 472 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 473 11:00 NC NC%sT 474 475 476 ############################################################################### 477 478 # New Zealand 479 480 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 481 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 482 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 483 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 484 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 485 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 486 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 487 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 488 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 489 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 490 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 491 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 492 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 493 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 494 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 495 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 496 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 497 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 498 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 499 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 500 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 501 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 502 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 503 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 504 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 505 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 506 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 507 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 508 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 509 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 510 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 511 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 512 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 513 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 514 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 515 516 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 517 518 # Auckland Is 519 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 520 # and scientific personnel have wintered 521 522 # Campbell I 523 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 524 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 525 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 526 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 527 528 # Cook Is 529 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 530 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 531 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 532 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 533 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 534 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 535 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 536 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 537 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 538 539 ############################################################################### 540 541 542 # Niue 543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 544 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 545 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 546 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 547 -11:00 - NUT 548 549 # Norfolk 550 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 551 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 552 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 553 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 554 555 # Palau (Belau) 556 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 557 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 558 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 559 560 # Papua New Guinea 561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 562 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 563 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 564 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 565 566 # Pitcairn 567 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 568 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 569 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 570 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 571 572 # American Samoa 573 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 574 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 575 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 576 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 577 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 578 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 579 580 # Samoa 581 582 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 583 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 584 # the following info: 585 # 586 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 587 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 588 # Sunday of April 2011." 589 # 590 # Background info: 591 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 592 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 593 # </a> 594 # 595 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 596 # contain any dates: 597 # <a href="http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf"> 598 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 599 # </a> 600 601 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 602 # Please see 603 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 604 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 605 # </a>, 606 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 607 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 608 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 609 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 610 611 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 612 # I believe this will be posted shortly on the website 613 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws"> 614 # www.mcil.gov.ws 615 # </a> 616 # 617 # PUBLIC NOTICE ON DAYLIGHT SAVING TIME 618 # 619 # Pursuant to the Daylight Saving Act 2009 and Cabinets decision, 620 # businesses and the general public are hereby advised that daylight 621 # saving time is on the first Saturday of April 2011 (02/04/11). 622 # 623 # The public is therefore advised that when the standard time strikes 624 # the hour of four oclock (4.00am or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, 625 # then all instruments used to measure standard time are to be 626 # adjusted/changed to three oclock (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 627 # 628 # Margaret Fruean ACTING CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER MINISTRY OF COMMERCE, 629 # INDUSTRY AND LABOUR 28th February 2011 630 631 # From David Zuelke (2011-05-09): 632 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 633 # 634 # <a href="http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963"> 635 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 636 # </a> 637 638 # From Mark Sim-Smith (2011-08-17): 639 # I have been in contact with Leilani Tuala Warren from the Samoa Law 640 # Reform Commission, and she has sent me a copy of the Bill that she 641 # confirmed has been passed...Most of the sections are about maps rather 642 # than the time zone change, but I'll paste the relevant bits below. But 643 # the essence is that at midnight 29 Dec (UTC-11 I suppose), Samoa 644 # changes from UTC-11 to UTC+13: 645 # 646 # International Date Line Bill 2011 647 # 648 # AN ACT to provide for the change to standard time in Samoa and to make 649 # consequential amendments to the position of the International Date 650 # Line, and for related purposes. 651 # 652 # BE IT ENACTED by the Legislative Assembly of Samoa in Parliament 653 # assembled as follows: 654 # 655 # 1. Short title and commencement-(1) This Act may be cited as the 656 # International Date Line Act 2011. (2) Except for section 5(3) this Act 657 # commences at 12 o'clock midnight, on Thursday 29th December 2011. (3) 658 # Section 5(3) commences on the date of assent by the Head of State. 659 # 660 # [snip] 661 # 662 # 3. Interpretation - [snip] "Samoa standard time" in this Act and any 663 # other statute of Samoa which refers to 'Samoa standard time' means the 664 # time 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated Universal Time. 665 # 666 # 4. Samoa standard time - (1) Upon the commencement of this Act, Samoa 667 # standard time shall be set at 13 hours in advance of Co-ordinated 668 # Universal Time for the whole of Samoa. (2) All references to Samoa's 669 # time zone and to Samoa standard time in Samoa in all legislation and 670 # instruments after the commencement of this Act shall be references to 671 # Samoa standard time as provided for in this Act. (3) Nothing in this 672 # Act affects the provisions of the Daylight Saving Act 2009, except that 673 # it defines Samoa standard time.... 674 675 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 676 # <a href="http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html"> 677 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 678 # </a> 679 # 680 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 681 # 682 # DST 683 # Year End Time Start Time 684 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 685 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 686 # 687 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 688 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 689 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 690 # 691 # Clarification by Tim Parenti (2012-01-03): 692 # Although Samoa has used Daylight Saving Time in the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 693 # seasons, there is not yet any indication that this trend will continue on 694 # a regular basis. For now, we have explicitly listed the transitions below. 695 # 696 # From Nicky (2012-09-10): 697 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 698 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013. 699 # 700 # Please find link below for more information. 701 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 702 # 703 # That publication also includes dates for Summer of 2013/4 as well 704 # which give the impression of a pattern in selecting dates for the 705 # future, so for now, we will guess this will continue. 706 707 # Western Samoa 708 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 709 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 710 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 - 711 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 712 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 713 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 714 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 715 -11:00 - WST 2010 Sep 26 716 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Apr 2 4:00 717 -11:00 - WST 2011 Sep 24 3:00 718 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2011 Dec 30 719 13:00 1:00 WSDT 2012 Apr Sun>=1 4:00 720 13:00 WS WS%sT 721 722 # Solomon Is 723 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 724 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 725 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 726 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 727 728 # Tokelau Is 729 # 730 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 731 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 732 # December 31 this year ... 733 # 734 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 735 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 736 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 737 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 738 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 739 # 740 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 741 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 742 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 743 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 744 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 745 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 746 747 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 748 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 749 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 750 13:00 - TKT 751 752 # Tonga 753 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 754 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 755 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 756 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 757 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 758 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 759 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 760 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 761 13:00 - TOT 1999 762 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 763 764 # Tuvalu 765 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 766 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 767 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 768 769 770 # US minor outlying islands 771 772 # Howland, Baker 773 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 774 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 775 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 776 # uninhabited thereafter. 777 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 778 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 779 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 780 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 781 # until they were abandoned after the war. 782 783 # Jarvis 784 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 785 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 786 # uninhabited thereafter. 787 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 788 789 # Johnston 790 # 791 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 792 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 793 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 794 # treat it like Hawaii for now. 795 # 796 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 797 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 798 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 799 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 800 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 801 # 802 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 803 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 804 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 805 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 806 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 807 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 808 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 809 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976 810 # <http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf>. 811 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 812 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 813 # Minus One Hour". 814 # 815 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 816 817 # Kingman 818 # uninhabited 819 820 # Midway 821 # 822 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 823 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 824 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 825 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 826 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 827 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 828 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 829 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 830 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 831 # 832 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 833 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 834 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 835 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 836 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 837 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 838 839 # Palmyra 840 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 841 842 # Wake 843 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 844 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 845 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 846 847 848 # Vanuatu 849 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 850 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 851 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 852 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 853 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 854 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 855 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 856 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 857 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 858 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 859 860 # Wallis and Futuna 861 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 862 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 863 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 864 865 ############################################################################### 866 867 # NOTES 868 869 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 870 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 871 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 872 873 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 874 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 875 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 876 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 877 # 878 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 879 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 880 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 881 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 882 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 883 # 884 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 885 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 886 # 887 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 888 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 889 # I found in the UCLA library. 890 # 891 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 892 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 893 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 894 # 895 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 896 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 897 # 898 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 899 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 900 # Corrections are welcome! 901 # std dst 902 # LMT Local Mean Time 903 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 904 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 905 # 9:00 JST Japan 906 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 907 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 908 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 909 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 910 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 911 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 912 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 913 # -11:00 SST Samoa 914 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 915 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 916 # 917 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 918 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 919 920 ############################################################################### 921 922 # Australia 923 924 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 925 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 926 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 927 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 928 929 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 930 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 931 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 932 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 933 934 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 935 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 936 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 937 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 938 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 939 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 940 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 941 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 942 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 943 # time'. 944 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 945 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 946 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 947 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 948 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 949 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 950 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 951 952 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 953 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 954 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 955 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 956 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 957 958 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 959 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 960 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 961 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 962 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 963 964 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 965 # versus "AEST" etc.: 966 # 967 # I see the following points of dispute: 968 # 969 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 970 # 971 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 972 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 973 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 974 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 975 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 976 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 977 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 978 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 979 # 980 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 981 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 982 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 983 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 984 # 985 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 986 # 987 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 988 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 989 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 990 # Time, for example. 991 # 992 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 993 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 994 # tiebreaker. 995 # 996 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 997 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 998 # the word "Australian"? 999 # 1000 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 1001 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 1002 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 1003 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 1004 # following count of page hits: 1005 # 1006 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 1007 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 1008 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 1009 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 1010 # 1011 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 1012 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 1013 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 1014 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 1015 # 1016 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 1017 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 1018 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 1019 # are the hit counts anyway: 1020 # 1021 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 1022 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 1023 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 1024 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 1025 # 1026 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 1027 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 1028 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 1029 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 1030 # 1031 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 1032 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 1033 # 1034 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 1035 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 1036 # the ambiguities involved. 1037 # 1038 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 1039 # 1040 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 1041 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 1042 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 1043 # understood in Australia. 1044 1045 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1046 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1047 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1048 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1049 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1050 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 1051 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1052 1053 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1054 # 1055 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1056 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1057 # relevant entries in this database. 1058 # 1059 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1060 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 1061 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1062 # </a> 1063 # ACT 1064 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 1065 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1066 # </a> 1067 # SA 1068 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 1069 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1070 # </a> 1071 1072 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1073 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1074 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1075 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1076 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1077 # 1078 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1079 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1080 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1081 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1082 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1083 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1084 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1085 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1086 # allude to it. 1087 # But not Queensland 1088 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 1089 1090 # Northern Territory 1091 1092 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1093 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1094 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1095 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1096 # ... 1097 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1098 1099 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1100 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1101 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1102 1103 # Western Australia 1104 1105 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1106 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1107 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1108 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1109 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1110 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1111 # # before reaching parliament. 1112 # ... 1113 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1114 # ... 1115 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1116 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1117 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1118 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1119 1120 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1121 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1122 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1123 1124 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1125 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1126 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1127 # work at 9.00am.) 1128 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1129 # everybody again. 1130 1131 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1132 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1133 # it matches what was used in the past. 1134 1135 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 1136 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1137 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1138 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1139 1140 # Queensland 1141 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1142 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1143 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1144 # ... 1145 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1146 # ... 1147 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1148 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1149 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1150 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1151 1152 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1153 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1154 # October 1989). 1155 1156 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1157 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1158 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1159 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1160 1161 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1162 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1163 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1164 # me.) 1165 1166 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1167 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1168 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1169 # ... 1170 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1171 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1172 # ... 1173 1174 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1175 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1176 1177 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1178 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1179 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1180 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 1181 1182 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1183 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1184 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1185 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1186 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1187 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1188 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1189 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1190 # 1191 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1192 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1193 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1194 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 1195 # 1196 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1197 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1198 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1199 # coast of the continent. 1200 # 1201 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1202 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1203 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1204 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1205 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1206 # 1207 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1208 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1209 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1210 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1211 # 1212 # (2006-12-09): 1213 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1214 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1215 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1216 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1217 1218 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1219 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1220 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1221 1222 1223 # southeast Australia 1224 # 1225 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1226 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1227 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1228 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1229 1230 1231 # South Australia 1232 1233 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1234 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1235 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1236 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1237 1238 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1239 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1240 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1241 # ... 1242 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1243 # ... 1244 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1245 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1246 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1247 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1248 1249 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1250 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1251 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1252 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1253 1254 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1255 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1256 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1257 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1258 # is on... 1259 1260 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1261 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1262 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1263 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1264 1265 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1266 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1267 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1268 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1269 1270 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1271 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1272 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1273 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1274 1275 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1276 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1277 1278 # Tasmania 1279 1280 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1281 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1282 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1283 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1284 1285 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1286 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1287 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1288 # (but nothing new about that). 1289 1290 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1291 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1292 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1293 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1294 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1295 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1296 1297 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1298 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1299 1300 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1301 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1302 1303 # Victoria 1304 1305 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1306 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1307 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1308 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1309 1310 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1311 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1312 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1313 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1314 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1315 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1316 # 1317 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1318 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1319 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1320 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1321 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1322 # expected time. 1323 # 1324 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1325 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1326 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1327 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1328 # 1329 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1330 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1331 1332 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1333 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1334 1335 # New South Wales 1336 1337 # From Arthur David Olson: 1338 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1339 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1340 # who notes: 1341 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1342 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1343 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1344 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1345 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1346 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1347 1348 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1349 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1350 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1351 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1352 # Two months more daylight saving 1353 # </a> 1354 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1355 1356 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1357 # See the following official NSW source: 1358 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1359 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1360 # </a> 1361 # 1362 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1363 # daylight saving next year. See: 1364 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1365 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1366 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1367 # 1368 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1369 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1370 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1371 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1372 # 1373 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1374 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1375 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1376 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1377 # 1378 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1379 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1380 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1381 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1382 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1383 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1384 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1385 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1386 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1387 # 1388 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1389 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1390 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1391 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1392 1393 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1394 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1395 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1396 1397 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1398 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1399 # towns to use Queensland time. 1400 1401 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1402 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1403 1404 # Yancowinna 1405 1406 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1407 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1408 1409 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1410 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1411 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1412 # ... 1413 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1414 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1415 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1416 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1417 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1418 # # presently available. 1419 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1420 # ... 1421 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1422 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1423 # [followed by other Rules] 1424 1425 # Lord Howe Island 1426 1427 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1428 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1429 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1430 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1431 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1432 1433 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1434 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1435 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1436 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1437 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1438 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1439 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1440 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1441 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1442 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1443 1444 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1445 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1446 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1447 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1448 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1449 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1450 1451 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1452 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1453 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1454 1455 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1456 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1457 1458 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1459 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1460 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1461 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1462 # 1463 # From 1464 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1465 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1466 # </a> 1467 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1468 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1469 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1470 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1471 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1472 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1473 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1474 # 1475 # We have a wrap-up here: 1476 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1477 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1478 # </a> 1479 ############################################################################### 1480 1481 # New Zealand 1482 1483 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1484 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1485 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1486 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1487 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1488 1489 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1490 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1491 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1492 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1493 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1494 # ... 1495 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1496 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1497 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1498 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1499 # ... 1500 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1501 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1502 1503 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1504 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1505 # rather than the October 1 value. 1506 1507 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1508 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1509 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1510 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1511 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1512 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1513 # 1514 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1515 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1516 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1517 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1518 # 1519 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1520 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1521 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1522 1523 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1524 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1525 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1526 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1527 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1528 1529 ############################################################################### 1530 1531 1532 # Fiji 1533 1534 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1535 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1536 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1537 1538 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1539 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1540 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1541 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1542 1543 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1544 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1545 1546 # From the BBC World Service in 1547 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1548 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1549 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1550 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1551 # of the new millennium. 1552 1553 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1554 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1555 1556 # Johnston 1557 1558 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1559 1560 1561 # Kiribati 1562 1563 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1564 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1565 # ``declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1566 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1567 1568 1569 # Kwajalein 1570 1571 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1572 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1573 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1574 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1575 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1576 1577 1578 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1579 1580 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1581 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1582 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1583 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1584 # see Asia/Manila. 1585 1586 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1587 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1588 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1589 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1590 1591 1592 # Micronesia 1593 1594 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1595 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1596 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1597 # 1598 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1599 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1600 1601 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1602 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1603 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1604 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1605 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1606 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1607 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1608 1609 1610 # Midway 1611 1612 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1613 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1614 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1615 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1616 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1617 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1618 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1619 # air at 6am your time. 1620 # 1621 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1622 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1623 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1624 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1625 1626 1627 # Pitcairn 1628 1629 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1630 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1631 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1632 # 1633 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1634 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1635 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1636 # 1637 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1638 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1639 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1640 1641 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1642 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1643 # ... at midnight. 1644 1645 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1646 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1647 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1648 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1649 1650 1651 # Samoa 1652 1653 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1654 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1655 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1656 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1657 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1658 1659 1660 # Tonga 1661 1662 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1663 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1664 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1665 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1666 1667 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1668 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1669 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1670 # </a>: 1671 1672 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1673 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1674 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1675 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1676 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1677 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1678 # 1679 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1680 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1681 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1682 # 1683 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1684 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1685 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1686 # minutes we have lost?" 1687 # 1688 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1689 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1690 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1691 1692 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1693 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1694 1695 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1696 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1697 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1698 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1699 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1700 # Government. 1701 1702 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1703 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1704 # 1705 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1706 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1707 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1708 # </a> 1709 # 1710 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1711 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1712 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1713 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1714 1715 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1716 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1717 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1718 # </a>: 1719 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1720 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1721 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1722 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1723 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1724 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1725 1726 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1727 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1728 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1729 1730 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1731 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1732 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1733 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1734 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1735 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1736 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1737 1738 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1739 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1740 1741 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1742 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1743 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1744 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1745 # hour to 1:00am. 1746 1747 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1748 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1749 1750 1751 # Wake 1752 1753 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1754 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1755 # 1756 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1757 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1758 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1759 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1760 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1761 # impossible. 1762 # 1763 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1764 1765 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1766 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1767 1768 ############################################################################### 1769 1770 # The International Date Line 1771 1772 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1773 # 1774 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1775 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1776 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1777 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1778 # 1779 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1780 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1781 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1782 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1783 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1784 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1785 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1786 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1787 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1788 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1789 # correct date is ambiguous. 1790 1791 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1792 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1793 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1794 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1795 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1796 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1797 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1798 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1799 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1800 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1801 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1802 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1803 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1804 1805 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1806 # (2005-03-20): 1807 # 1808 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1809 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1810 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1811 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.