1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 30 31 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 32 # 33 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 34 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 35 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 36 # 37 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 38 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 39 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 40 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 41 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 42 # 43 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 44 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 52 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. 53 # 54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 56 # 57 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 58 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 59 # but Mark R V Murray reports that 60 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 61 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 62 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 63 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 64 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 65 # 66 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 67 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 68 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 69 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 70 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 71 # 72 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 73 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 74 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 75 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 76 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 77 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 78 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 79 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 80 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 81 # until we get more information. 82 # 83 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 84 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 85 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 86 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 87 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 88 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 89 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 90 # 4:00 EAST East Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 91 92 # Algeria 93 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 94 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 95 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 96 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 97 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 98 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 99 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 100 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 101 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 102 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 103 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 104 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 105 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 106 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 107 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 108 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 109 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 110 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 111 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 112 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 113 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 114 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 115 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 116 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 117 # more precise 0:09:21. 118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 120 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 121 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 122 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 123 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 124 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 125 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 126 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 127 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 128 1:00 - CET 129 130 # Angola 131 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 132 Zone Africa/Luanda 0:52:56 - LMT 1892 133 0:52:04 - AOT 1911 May 26 # Angola Time 134 1:00 - WAT 135 136 # Benin 137 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934; 138 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 139 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 140 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo 0:10:28 - LMT 1912 141 0:00 - GMT 1934 Feb 26 142 1:00 - WAT 143 144 # Botswana 145 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 146 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899; 147 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did. 148 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 149 Zone Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 - LMT 1885 150 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 151 2:00 - CAT 1943 Sep 19 2:00 152 2:00 1:00 CAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 153 2:00 - CAT 154 155 # Burkina Faso 156 # See Africa/Abidjan. 157 158 # Burundi 159 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 160 Zone Africa/Bujumbura 1:57:28 - LMT 1890 161 2:00 - CAT 162 163 # Cameroon 164 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 165 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 166 Zone Africa/Douala 0:38:48 - LMT 1912 167 1:00 - WAT 168 169 # Cape Verde 170 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 171 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 172 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 173 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 174 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 175 -1:00 - CVT 176 177 # Central African Republic 178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179 Zone Africa/Bangui 1:14:20 - LMT 1912 180 1:00 - WAT 181 182 # Chad 183 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 184 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 185 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 186 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 187 1:00 - WAT 188 189 # Comoros 190 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 191 Zone Indian/Comoro 2:53:04 - LMT 1911 Jul # Moroni, Gran Comoro 192 3:00 - EAT 193 194 # Democratic Republic of Congo 195 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 196 Zone Africa/Kinshasa 1:01:12 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 197 1:00 - WAT 198 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi 1:49:52 - LMT 1897 Nov 9 199 2:00 - CAT 200 201 # Republic of the Congo 202 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 203 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 - LMT 1912 204 1:00 - WAT 205 206 # Côte D'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 207 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 208 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 209 0:00 - GMT 210 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 211 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 212 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 213 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 214 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 215 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 216 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 217 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 218 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe 219 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 220 221 # Djibouti 222 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 223 Zone Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 - LMT 1911 Jul 224 3:00 - EAT 225 226 ############################################################################### 227 228 # Egypt 229 230 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 231 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 232 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 233 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 234 235 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 236 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 237 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 238 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 239 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 240 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 241 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 242 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 243 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 244 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 245 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 246 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 247 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 248 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 249 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 250 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 251 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 252 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 253 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 254 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 255 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 256 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 257 258 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 259 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 260 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 261 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 262 # 263 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 264 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 265 # or 266 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 267 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 268 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 269 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 270 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 271 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 272 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 273 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 274 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 275 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 276 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 277 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 278 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 279 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 280 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 282 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 283 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 284 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 285 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 286 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 287 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 288 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 289 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 290 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 291 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 292 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 293 294 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 295 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 296 # 297 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 298 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 299 # Apr 23 300 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 301 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 302 # Apr 24 303 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 304 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 305 # Aug 27 306 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 307 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 308 # Aug 27 309 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 310 # 311 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 312 # :59) 313 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 314 # 315 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 316 # 317 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 318 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 319 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 320 321 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 322 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 323 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 324 # in September. 325 326 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 327 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 328 # Information and Decision Support Center: 329 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 330 # 331 # The Middle East News Agency 332 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 333 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 334 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 335 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 336 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 337 # (at least today). 338 339 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 340 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 341 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 342 # Ramadan. 343 # 344 # Arabic translation: 345 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 346 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 347 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 348 349 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 350 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 351 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 352 353 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13): 354 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 355 356 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 357 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 358 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 359 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 360 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 361 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 362 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 363 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 364 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 365 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 366 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 367 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 368 369 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 370 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 371 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 372 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 373 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 374 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 375 # 376 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 377 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at 378 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the 379 # first Friday after Ramadan. To implement this, 380 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running 381 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated 382 # by hand into the table below. Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed 383 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff. 384 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 385 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 386 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 387 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 388 # (friday 5)) 389 # (while (/= friday (mod a 7)) 390 # (setq a (1- a))) 391 # (while (/= friday (mod b 7)) 392 # (setq b (1+ b))) 393 # (setq a (1- a)) 394 # (setq b (1- b)) 395 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 396 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 397 # (insert 398 # (format 399 # (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n" 400 # "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n") 401 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 402 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 403 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 404 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 405 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 406 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 407 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 408 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 409 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 410 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 411 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 412 Rule Egypt 2014 max - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 413 Rule Egypt 2015 2019 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 414 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jun 11 24:00 0 - 415 Rule Egypt 2015 only - Jul 23 24:00 1:00 S 416 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jun 2 24:00 0 - 417 Rule Egypt 2016 only - Jul 7 24:00 1:00 S 418 Rule Egypt 2017 only - May 25 24:00 0 - 419 Rule Egypt 2017 only - Jun 29 24:00 1:00 S 420 Rule Egypt 2018 only - May 10 24:00 0 - 421 Rule Egypt 2018 only - Jun 14 24:00 1:00 S 422 Rule Egypt 2019 only - May 2 24:00 0 - 423 Rule Egypt 2019 only - Jun 6 24:00 1:00 S 424 Rule Egypt 2020 only - May 28 24:00 1:00 S 425 Rule Egypt 2021 only - May 13 24:00 1:00 S 426 Rule Egypt 2022 only - May 5 24:00 1:00 S 427 Rule Egypt 2023 max - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 428 429 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 430 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 431 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 432 433 # Equatorial Guinea 434 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 435 Zone Africa/Malabo 0:35:08 - LMT 1912 436 0:00 - GMT 1963 Dec 15 437 1:00 - WAT 438 439 # Eritrea 440 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 441 Zone Africa/Asmara 2:35:32 - LMT 1870 442 2:35:32 - AMT 1890 # Asmara Mean Time 443 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 444 3:00 - EAT 445 446 # Ethiopia 447 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31): 448 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a 449 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our 450 # 02:00 or 14:00. Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic. 451 # 452 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time 453 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 454 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05. Perhaps 38E50 455 # was for Adis Dera. Quite likely the Shanks data are wrong anyway. 456 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 457 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 - LMT 1870 458 2:35:20 - ADMT 1936 May 5 # Adis Dera MT 459 3:00 - EAT 460 461 # Gabon 462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 463 Zone Africa/Libreville 0:37:48 - LMT 1912 464 1:00 - WAT 465 466 # Gambia 467 # See Africa/Abidjan. 468 469 # Ghana 470 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 471 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 472 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 473 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 474 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 475 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 476 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 477 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 478 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 479 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 480 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 481 0:00 Ghana %s 482 483 # Guinea 484 # See Africa/Abidjan. 485 486 # Guinea-Bissau 487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 488 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1911 May 26 489 -1:00 - WAT 1975 490 0:00 - GMT 491 492 # Kenya 493 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 494 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 495 3:00 - EAT 1930 496 2:30 - BEAT 1940 497 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 498 3:00 - EAT 499 500 # Lesotho 501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 502 Zone Africa/Maseru 1:50:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 503 2:00 - SAST 1943 Sep 19 2:00 504 2:00 1:00 SAST 1944 Mar 19 2:00 505 2:00 - SAST 506 507 # Liberia 508 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 509 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 510 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 511 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 512 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 513 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 514 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 515 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 516 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 517 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 518 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 519 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 520 0:00 - GMT 521 522 ############################################################################### 523 524 # Libya 525 526 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 527 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 528 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 529 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 530 # 531 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 532 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 533 # 534 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 535 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 536 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 537 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 538 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 539 540 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 541 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 542 # cancelled yesterday.... 543 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 544 # 545 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 546 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 547 548 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 549 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 550 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 551 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 552 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 553 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 554 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 555 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 556 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 557 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 558 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 559 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 560 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 561 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 562 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 563 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 564 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 565 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 566 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 567 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 568 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 569 2:00 - EET 1982 570 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 571 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 572 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors. 573 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 574 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 575 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 576 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 577 2:00 - EET 578 579 # Madagascar 580 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 581 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 - LMT 1911 Jul 582 3:00 - EAT 1954 Feb 27 23:00s 583 3:00 1:00 EAST 1954 May 29 23:00s 584 3:00 - EAT 585 586 # Malawi 587 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 588 Zone Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 - LMT 1903 Mar 589 2:00 - CAT 590 591 # Mali 592 # Mauritania 593 # See Africa/Abidjan. 594 595 # Mauritius 596 597 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 598 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 599 # basis.... 600 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 601 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 602 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 603 604 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 605 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 606 607 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 608 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 609 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 610 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 611 612 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 613 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 614 615 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 616 # According to 617 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 618 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 619 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 620 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 621 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 622 # 623 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 624 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 625 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 626 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 627 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 628 # changes two days later. 629 630 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 631 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 632 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 633 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 634 # 635 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 636 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 637 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 638 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 639 640 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 641 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 642 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 643 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 644 # 645 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 646 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 647 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 648 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 649 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 650 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 651 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 652 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 653 # and end on 29 March 2009. 654 655 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 656 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 657 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 658 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 659 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 660 661 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 662 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 663 # DST the coming summer... 664 # 665 # Some sources, in French: 666 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 667 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 668 # 669 # Our wrap-up: 670 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 671 672 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 673 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 674 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 675 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 676 677 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 678 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 679 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 680 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 681 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 682 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 683 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 684 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 685 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 686 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 687 688 # Mayotte 689 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 690 Zone Indian/Mayotte 3:00:56 - LMT 1911 Jul # Mamoutzou 691 3:00 - EAT 692 693 # Morocco 694 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 695 696 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 697 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 698 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 699 # 700 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 701 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 702 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 703 # 704 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 705 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 706 707 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 708 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse: 709 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 710 # 711 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 712 # spokesman. 713 714 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 715 # According to this article: 716 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 717 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 718 # the changes occur at midnight: 719 # 720 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 721 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 722 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 723 # 724 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 725 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 726 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 727 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 728 # 729 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 730 # published on the web. 731 # 732 # It's also confirmed here: 733 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 734 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 735 # posted in English). 736 # 737 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 738 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 739 740 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 741 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 742 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 743 # of September: 744 # 745 # One article about it (in French): 746 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 747 # 748 # We have some further details posted here: 749 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 750 751 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 752 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 753 # to many sources, such as 754 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 755 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 756 # (French) 757 # 758 # Our summary: 759 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 760 761 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 762 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 763 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 764 # 765 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 766 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 767 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 768 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 769 # 770 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 771 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 772 773 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 774 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 775 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 776 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 777 # 778 # Example: 779 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 780 # (French) 781 # Our page: 782 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 783 784 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 785 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 786 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00 787 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00 788 # ...Official links of change in morocco 789 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 790 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 791 # +212.537.71.84.00 792 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 793 # They said that 794 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 795 # is the official publication to look at. 796 # They said that the decision was already taken. 797 # 798 # More articles in the press 799 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 800 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 801 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 802 803 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 804 # They have it written in English here: 805 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 806 # 807 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 808 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 809 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 810 # also been like that in the past. 811 812 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 813 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 814 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 815 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 816 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 817 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 818 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 819 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 820 # except the month of Ramadan. 821 # or (brief) 822 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 823 824 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 825 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 826 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 827 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 828 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 829 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 830 831 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 832 # Seen Morocco change again: 833 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 834 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 835 # comme annoncé précédemment." 836 837 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 838 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 839 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 840 # 841 # Google translation, lightly edited: 842 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 843 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 844 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 845 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 846 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 847 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 848 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 849 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 850 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 851 852 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 853 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 854 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 855 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 856 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 857 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>. 858 859 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 860 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 861 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 862 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 863 864 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 865 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 866 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 867 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 868 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 869 # source (French): 870 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 871 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 872 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 873 874 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 875 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 876 877 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 878 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 879 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 880 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 881 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 882 883 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 884 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 885 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 886 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 887 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 888 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 889 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 890 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 891 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 892 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 893 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 894 # (saturday 6)) 895 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 896 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 897 # (setq b (1+ b))) 898 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 899 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 900 # (insert 901 # (format 902 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 903 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 904 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 905 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 906 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 907 908 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 909 910 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 911 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 912 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 913 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 914 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 915 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 916 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 917 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 918 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 919 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 920 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 921 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 922 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 923 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 924 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 925 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 926 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 927 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 928 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 929 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 930 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 931 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 932 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 933 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 934 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 935 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 936 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 937 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 938 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 939 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 940 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 941 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 942 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 943 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 944 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 945 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 946 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 947 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 948 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 949 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 950 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 951 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 952 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 953 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 954 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 955 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 956 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 957 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 958 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 959 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 960 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 961 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 962 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 963 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 964 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 965 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 966 967 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 968 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 969 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 970 1:00 - CET 1986 971 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 972 973 # Western Sahara 974 # 975 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 976 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 977 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 978 # Morocco does. 979 # 980 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 981 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 982 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 983 984 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 985 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 986 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 987 988 # Mozambique 989 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 990 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 991 2:00 - CAT 992 993 # Namibia 994 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 995 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 996 997 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in 998 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>: 999 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 1000 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 1001 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 1002 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 1003 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 1004 # of the country. 1005 # 1006 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 1007 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 1008 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 1009 1010 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1011 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1012 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 1013 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1014 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1015 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 1016 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 1017 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 1018 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 1019 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 1020 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 1021 1022 # Niger 1023 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1024 Zone Africa/Niamey 0:08:28 - LMT 1912 1025 -1:00 - WAT 1934 Feb 26 1026 0:00 - GMT 1960 1027 1:00 - WAT 1028 1029 # Nigeria 1030 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1031 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 1032 1:00 - WAT 1033 1034 # Réunion 1035 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1036 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 1037 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time 1038 # 1039 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 1040 # 1041 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 1042 # The following information about them is taken from 1043 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 1044 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 1045 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 1046 # 1047 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 1048 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 1049 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 1050 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 1051 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1052 1053 # Rwanda 1054 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1055 Zone Africa/Kigali 2:00:16 - LMT 1935 Jun 1056 2:00 - CAT 1057 1058 # St Helena 1059 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1060 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1061 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1062 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1063 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1064 # on GMT, says the CIA 1065 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1066 1067 # São Tomé and Príncipe 1068 # Senegal 1069 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1070 1071 # Seychelles 1072 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1073 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1074 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1075 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1076 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1077 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1078 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1079 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1080 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1081 1082 # Sierra Leone 1083 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1084 1085 # Somalia 1086 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1087 Zone Africa/Mogadishu 3:01:28 - LMT 1893 Nov 1088 3:00 - EAT 1931 1089 2:30 - BEAT 1957 1090 3:00 - EAT 1091 1092 # South Africa 1093 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1094 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1095 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1096 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1097 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1098 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1099 2:00 SA SAST 1100 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1101 # scientific station since 1947 1102 # no information 1103 1104 # Sudan 1105 # 1106 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1107 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1108 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1109 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1110 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1111 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1112 # 1113 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1114 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1115 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1116 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1117 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1119 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1120 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1121 3:00 - EAT 1122 1123 # South Sudan 1124 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1125 1126 # Swaziland 1127 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1128 Zone Africa/Mbabane 2:04:24 - LMT 1903 Mar 1129 2:00 - SAST 1130 1131 # Tanzania 1132 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1133 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 - LMT 1931 1134 3:00 - EAT 1948 1135 2:45 - BEAUT 1961 1136 3:00 - EAT 1137 1138 # Togo 1139 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1140 1141 # Tunisia 1142 1143 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1144 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1145 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1146 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1147 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1148 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1149 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1150 # Saturday." (My translation) 1151 # 1152 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1153 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1154 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html> 1155 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1156 # 1h standard time. 1157 # 1158 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1159 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1160 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1161 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1162 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1163 1164 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1165 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1166 # (Arabic) 1167 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1168 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1169 # 1170 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1171 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1172 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1173 1174 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1175 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1176 # 1177 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1178 # 1179 # (in English) 1180 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1181 # 1182 # (in Arabic) 1183 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1184 1185 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1186 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1187 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1188 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1189 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1190 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1191 1192 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1193 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1194 # 1195 # (translation): 1196 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1197 # Sunday... 1198 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1199 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1200 # 1201 # (in Arabic) 1202 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1203 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1204 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1205 1206 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1207 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1208 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1209 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1210 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1211 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1212 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1213 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1214 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1215 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1216 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1217 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1218 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1219 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1220 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1221 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1222 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1223 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1224 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1225 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1226 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1227 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1228 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1229 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1230 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1231 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1232 1233 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1234 # more precise 0:09:21. 1235 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1236 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1237 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1238 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1239 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1240 1241 # Uganda 1242 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1243 Zone Africa/Kampala 2:09:40 - LMT 1928 Jul 1244 3:00 - EAT 1930 1245 2:30 - BEAT 1948 1246 2:45 - BEAUT 1957 1247 3:00 - EAT 1248 1249 # Zambia 1250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1251 Zone Africa/Lusaka 1:53:08 - LMT 1903 Mar 1252 2:00 - CAT 1253 1254 # Zimbabwe 1255 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1256 Zone Africa/Harare 2:04:12 - LMT 1903 Mar 1257 2:00 - CAT