test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/africa

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  22 # questions.
  23 #
  24 # <pre>
  25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  27 
  28 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  29 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  30 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
  31 
  32 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
  33 #
  34 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  37 #
  38 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  39 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  40 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  41 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  42 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
  43 #
  44 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
  45 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
  46 #
  47 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  48 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
  49 # I found in the UCLA library.
  50 #
  51 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
  52 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
  53 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
  54 #
  55 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  56 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  57 #
  58 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
  59 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
  60 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
  61 # `SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
  62 # `CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
  63 # `WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
  64 # the area that includes Nigeria is ``West Africa''.
  65 # He has heard of ``Western Sahara Time'' for +0:00 but can find no reference.
  66 #
  67 # To make things confusing, `WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
  68 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
  69 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
  70 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
  71 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
  72 #
  73 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
  74 #       -1:00   WAT     West Africa Time (no longer used)
  75 #        0:00   GMT     Greenwich Mean Time
  76 #        2:00   CAT     Central Africa Time
  77 #        2:00   SAST    South Africa Standard Time
  78 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
  79 #        1:00   WAT     West Africa Time
  80 # I realize that this leads to `WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
  81 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
  82 # until we get more information.
  83 #
  84 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
  85 #        2:00   WAST    West Africa Summer Time
  86 #        2:30   BEAT    British East Africa Time (no longer used)
  87 #        2:45   BEAUT   British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
  88 #        3:00   CAST    Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  89 #        3:00   SAST    South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  90 #        3:00   EAT     East Africa Time
  91 #        4:00   EAST    East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  92 
  93 # Algeria
  94 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  95 Rule    Algeria 1916    only    -       Jun     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  96 Rule    Algeria 1916    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1       23:00s  0       -
  97 Rule    Algeria 1917    only    -       Mar     24      23:00s  1:00    S
  98 Rule    Algeria 1918    only    -       Mar      9      23:00s  1:00    S
  99 Rule    Algeria 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
 100 Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S


 137 # Benin
 138 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
 139 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 140 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 141 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo  0:10:28 -       LMT     1912
 142                         0:00    -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 143                         1:00    -       WAT
 144 
 145 # Botswana
 146 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 147 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
 148 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
 149 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 150 Zone    Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 -       LMT     1885
 151                         1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
 152                         2:00    -       CAT     1943 Sep 19 2:00
 153                         2:00    1:00    CAST    1944 Mar 19 2:00
 154                         2:00    -       CAT
 155 
 156 # Burkina Faso
 157 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 158 Zone Africa/Ouagadougou -0:06:04 -      LMT     1912
 159                          0:00   -       GMT
 160 
 161 # Burundi
 162 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 163 Zone Africa/Bujumbura   1:57:28 -       LMT     1890
 164                         2:00    -       CAT
 165 
 166 # Cameroon
 167 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 168 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 169 Zone    Africa/Douala   0:38:48 -       LMT     1912
 170                         1:00    -       WAT
 171 
 172 # Cape Verde
 173 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 174 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1907                    # Praia
 175                         -2:00   -       CVT     1942 Sep
 176                         -2:00   1:00    CVST    1945 Oct 15
 177                         -2:00   -       CVT     1975 Nov 25 2:00
 178                         -1:00   -       CVT
 179 
 180 # Central African Republic
 181 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 182 Zone    Africa/Bangui   1:14:20 -       LMT     1912
 183                         1:00    -       WAT
 184 
 185 # Chad
 186 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 187 Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912
 188                         1:00    -       WAT     1979 Oct 14
 189                         1:00    1:00    WAST    1980 Mar  8
 190                         1:00    -       WAT
 191 
 192 # Comoros
 193 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 194 Zone    Indian/Comoro   2:53:04 -       LMT     1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
 195                         3:00    -       EAT
 196 
 197 # Democratic Republic of Congo
 198 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 199 Zone Africa/Kinshasa    1:01:12 -       LMT     1897 Nov 9
 200                         1:00    -       WAT
 201 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi  1:49:52 -       LMT     1897 Nov 9
 202                         2:00    -       CAT
 203 
 204 # Republic of the Congo
 205 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 206 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 -       LMT     1912
 207                         1:00    -       WAT
 208 
 209 # Cote D'Ivoire
 210 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 211 Zone    Africa/Abidjan  -0:16:08 -      LMT     1912
 212                          0:00   -       GMT










 213 
 214 # Djibouti
 215 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 216 Zone    Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 -       LMT     1911 Jul
 217                         3:00    -       EAT
 218 
 219 ###############################################################################
 220 
 221 # Egypt
 222 
 223 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
 224 # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
 225 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
 226 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 227 
 228 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 229 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Jul     15      0:00    1:00    S
 230 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 231 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    S
 232 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -


 237 Rule    Egypt   1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
 238 Rule    Egypt   1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 239 Rule    Egypt   1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
 240 Rule    Egypt   1959    1981    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 241 Rule    Egypt   1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
 242 Rule    Egypt   1966    1994    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
 243 Rule    Egypt   1982    only    -       Jul     25      1:00    1:00    S
 244 Rule    Egypt   1983    only    -       Jul     12      1:00    1:00    S
 245 Rule    Egypt   1984    1988    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 246 Rule    Egypt   1989    only    -       May      6      1:00    1:00    S
 247 Rule    Egypt   1990    1994    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 248 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 249 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
 250 
 251 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
 252 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
 253 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
 254 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 255 #
 256 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
 257 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168">
 258 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
 259 # </a>
 260 # or
 261 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html">
 262 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
 263 # </a>
 264 Rule    Egypt   1995    2010    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 265 Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 23:00s  0       -
 266 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 267 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 268 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 269 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 270 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
 271 Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      23:00s  0       -
 272 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 273 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 274 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 275 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 276 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 277 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 278 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 279 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
 280 Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1       23:00s  0       -
 281 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 282 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 283 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
 284 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
 285 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
 286 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
 287 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 288 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 289 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
 290 
 291 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
 292 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
 293 #
 294 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
 295 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 296 # Apr 23
 297 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 298 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
 299 # Apr 24
 300 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 301 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 302 # Aug 27
 303 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 304 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
 305 # Aug 27
 306 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 307 #
 308 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
 309 # :59)
 310 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
 311 #
 312 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 313 #
 314 # [1] <a href="https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263">
 315 # https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
 316 # </a>
 317 # [2] <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53">
 318 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
 319 # </a>
 320 # [3] <a href="http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/">
 321 # http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 322 # </a>
 323 
 324 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 325 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
 326 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
 327 # in September.
 328 
 329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 330 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 331 # Information and Decision Support Center:
 332 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html">
 333 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
 334 # </a>
 335 #
 336 # The Middle East News Agency
 337 # <a href="http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx">
 338 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
 339 # </a>
 340 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 341 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 342 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
 343 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
 344 # (at least today).
 345 
 346 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
 347 # According to News from Egypt -  Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 348 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 349 # Ramadan.
 350 #
 351 # Arabic translation:
 352 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan--and then forward again"
 353 # <a href="http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again">
 354 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
 355 # </a>
 356 # or
 357 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html">
 358 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
 359 # </a>
 360 
 361 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 362 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
 363 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
 364 
 365 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
 366 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 367 
 368 # From Paul Eggert (2014-05-13):













 369 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 370 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
 371 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  The AP story says
 372 # DST will not be observed during Ramadan.  There is no information about when
 373 # DST will end.  See:
 374 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 375 #
 376 # For now, guess that later transitions will use 2010's rules, and that
 377 # Egypt will agree with Morocco (see below) about the date Ramadan starts and
 378 # ends, though (unlike Morocco) it will switch at 00:00 standard time.  In
 379 # Egypt the spring-forward transitions are removed for 2020-2022, when the
 380 # guessed spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan, and all
 381 # transitions removed for 2023-2038, where the estimated Ramadan falls entirely
 382 # outside the guessed daylight-saving time.  Ramadan intrudes on the guessed
 383 # DST starting in 2039, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
 384 
 385 Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 23:00s  0       -
 386 Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      23:00s  0       -
 387 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     11      0:00    0       -
 388 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     10      0:00    1:00    S
 389 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 23:00s  0       -



















 390 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       May     15      24:00   1:00    S
 391 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jun     29       0:00s  0       -
 392 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jul     29       0:00s  1:00    S
 393 Rule    Egypt   2014    max     -       Sep     lastThu 23:00s  0       -
 394 Rule    Egypt   2015    2019    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 395 Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jun     18       0:00s  0       -
 396 Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jul     18       0:00s  1:00    S
 397 Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jun      7       0:00s  0       -
 398 Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jul      7       0:00s  1:00    S
 399 Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       May     27       0:00s  0       -
 400 Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       Jun     26       0:00s  1:00    S
 401 Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       May     16       0:00s  0       -
 402 Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       Jun     15       0:00s  1:00    S
 403 Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       May      6       0:00s  0       -
 404 Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       Jun      5       0:00s  1:00    S
 405 Rule    Egypt   2020    only    -       May     24       0:00s  1:00    S
 406 Rule    Egypt   2021    only    -       May     13       0:00s  1:00    S
 407 Rule    Egypt   2022    only    -       May      3       0:00s  1:00    S
 408 Rule    Egypt   2023    max     -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 409 
 410 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 411 Zone    Africa/Cairo    2:05:09 -       LMT     1900 Oct
 412                         2:00    Egypt   EE%sT
 413 
 414 # Equatorial Guinea
 415 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 416 Zone    Africa/Malabo   0:35:08 -       LMT     1912
 417                         0:00    -       GMT     1963 Dec 15
 418                         1:00    -       WAT
 419 
 420 # Eritrea
 421 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 422 Zone    Africa/Asmara   2:35:32 -       LMT     1870
 423                         2:35:32 -       AMT     1890          # Asmara Mean Time
 424                         2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
 425                         3:00    -       EAT
 426 
 427 # Ethiopia
 428 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 429 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time zones
 430 # between 1870 and 1890, and that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in 1890.
 431 # We'll guess that 38E50 is for Adis Dera.





 432 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 433 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 -       LMT     1870
 434                         2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
 435                         3:00    -       EAT
 436 
 437 # Gabon
 438 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 439 Zone Africa/Libreville  0:37:48 -       LMT     1912
 440                         1:00    -       WAT
 441 
 442 # Gambia
 443 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 444 Zone    Africa/Banjul   -1:06:36 -      LMT     1912
 445                         -1:06:36 -      BMT     1935    # Banjul Mean Time
 446                         -1:00   -       WAT     1964
 447                          0:00   -       GMT
 448 
 449 # Ghana
 450 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 451 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to ``the present'';
 452 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 453 Rule    Ghana   1936    1942    -       Sep      1      0:00    0:20    GHST
 454 Rule    Ghana   1936    1942    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       GMT




 455 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 456 Zone    Africa/Accra    -0:00:52 -      LMT     1918
 457                          0:00   Ghana   %s
 458 
 459 # Guinea
 460 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 461 Zone    Africa/Conakry  -0:54:52 -      LMT     1912
 462                          0:00   -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 463                         -1:00   -       WAT     1960
 464                          0:00   -       GMT
 465 
 466 # Guinea-Bissau
 467 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 468 Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1911 May 26
 469                         -1:00   -       WAT     1975
 470                          0:00   -       GMT
 471 
 472 # Kenya
 473 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 474 Zone    Africa/Nairobi  2:27:16 -       LMT     1928 Jul
 475                         3:00    -       EAT     1930
 476                         2:30    -       BEAT    1940
 477                         2:45    -       BEAUT   1960
 478                         3:00    -       EAT
 479 
 480 # Lesotho
 481 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 482 Zone    Africa/Maseru   1:50:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 483                         2:00    -       SAST    1943 Sep 19 2:00
 484                         2:00    1:00    SAST    1944 Mar 19 2:00


 552 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
 553                         2:00    -       EET     1996 Sep 30
 554                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1997 Oct  4
 555                         2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10 2:00
 556                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25 2:00
 557                         2:00    -       EET
 558 
 559 # Madagascar
 560 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 561 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -      LMT     1911 Jul
 562                         3:00    -       EAT     1954 Feb 27 23:00s
 563                         3:00    1:00    EAST    1954 May 29 23:00s
 564                         3:00    -       EAT
 565 
 566 # Malawi
 567 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 568 Zone    Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 569                         2:00    -       CAT
 570 
 571 # Mali
 572 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 573 Zone    Africa/Bamako   -0:32:00 -      LMT     1912
 574                          0:00   -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 575                         -1:00   -       WAT     1960 Jun 20
 576                          0:00   -       GMT
 577 
 578 # Mauritania
 579 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 580 Zone Africa/Nouakchott  -1:03:48 -      LMT     1912
 581                          0:00   -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 582                         -1:00   -       WAT     1960 Nov 28
 583                          0:00   -       GMT
 584 
 585 # Mauritius
 586 
 587 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 588 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 589 # basis....
 590 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 591 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 592 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 593 
 594 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
 595 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 596 
 597 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
 598 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
 599 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
 600 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
 601 
 602 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 603 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
 604 
 605 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 606 # According to
 607 # <a href="http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216">
 608 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
 609 # </a>
 610 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 611 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 612 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 613 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
 614 #
 615 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
 616 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
 617 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
 618 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
 619 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 620 # changes two days later.
 621 
 622 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 623 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
 624 # time:  Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 625 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 626 #
 627 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
 628 # de l'heure d'ete" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
 629 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.
 630 # ...
 631 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html">
 632 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
 633 # </a>
 634 
 635 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 636 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
 637 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD">
 638 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 639 # </a>
 640 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 641 #
 642 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
 643 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
 644 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
 645 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
 646 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 647 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 648 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
 649 # year 2008 - 2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 650 # and end on 29 March 2009.
 651 
 652 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 653 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 654 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 655 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
 656 # <a href="http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf">
 657 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
 658 # </a>
 659 
 660 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 661 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 662 # DST the coming summer...
 663 #
 664 # Some sources, in French:
 665 # <a href="http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB">
 666 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
 667 # </a>
 668 # <a href="http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-">
 669 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
 670 # </a>
 671 #
 672 # Our wrap-up:
 673 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html">
 674 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
 675 # </a>
 676 
 677 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 678 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
 679 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
 680 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
 681 
 682 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 683 Rule Mauritius  1982    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    1:00    S
 684 Rule Mauritius  1983    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       -
 685 Rule Mauritius  2008    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    1:00    S
 686 Rule Mauritius  2009    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    0       -
 687 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 688 Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907            # Port Louis
 689                         4:00 Mauritius  MU%sT   # Mauritius Time
 690 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 691 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 692 
 693 # Mayotte
 694 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 695 Zone    Indian/Mayotte  3:00:56 -       LMT     1911 Jul        # Mamoutzou
 696                         3:00    -       EAT
 697 
 698 # Morocco
 699 # See the `europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 700 
 701 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 702 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
 703 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
 704 #
 705 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 706 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
 707 # Communication Minister and Gov ernment Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 708 #
 709 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html">
 710 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
 711 # </a>
 712 # OR
 713 # <a href="http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html">
 714 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
 715 # </a>
 716 
 717 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 718 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:
 719 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view">
 720 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
 721 # </a>
 722 #
 723 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 724 # spokesman.
 725 
 726 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 727 # According to this article:
 728 # <a href="http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html">
 729 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
 730 # </a>
 731 # (and republished here:
 732 # <a href="http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html">
 733 # http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html
 734 # </a>
 735 # )
 736 # the changes occurs at midnight:
 737 #
 738 # saturday night may 31st at midnight (which in french is to be
 739 # intrepreted as the night between saturday and sunday)
 740 # sunday night the 28th  at midnight
 741 #
 742 # Seeing that the 28th is monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
 743 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between sunday and
 744 # monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
 745 # june1st to sept 27th.
 746 #
 747 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 748 # published on the web.
 749 #
 750 # It's also confirmed here:
 751 # <a href="http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm">
 752 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
 753 # </a>
 754 # on a government portal as being  between june 1st and sept 27th (not yet
 755 # posted in english).
 756 #
 757 # The following google query will generate many relevant hits:
 758 # <a href="http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search">
 759 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
 760 # </a>
 761 
 762 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 763 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
 764 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 765 # of September:
 766 #
 767 # One article about it (in French):
 768 # <a href="http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default">
 769 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
 770 # </a>
 771 #
 772 # We have some further details posted here:
 773 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html">
 774 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
 775 # </a>
 776 
 777 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 778 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 779 # to many sources, such as
 780 # <a href="http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html">
 781 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
 782 # </a>
 783 # <a href="http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312">
 784 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
 785 # </a>
 786 # (French)
 787 #
 788 # Our summary:
 789 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html">
 790 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
 791 # </a>
 792 
 793 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 794 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
 795 # Ministere de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 796 #
 797 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
 798 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 799 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 800 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 801 #
 802 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf">
 803 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
 804 # </a>
 805 #
 806 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html">
 807 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
 808 # </a>
 809 
 810 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 811 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
 812 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
 813 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 814 #
 815 # Example:
 816 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html">
 817 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
 818 # </a>
 819 # (French)
 820 # Our page:
 821 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html">
 822 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
 823 # </a>
 824 
 825 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 826 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
 827 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
 828 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
 829 # ...Official links of change in morocco
 830 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 831 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 832 # +212.537.71.84.00
 833 # <a href="http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/">
 834 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
 835 # </a>
 836 # They said that
 837 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view">
 838 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
 839 # </a>
 840 # is the official publication to look at.
 841 # They said that the decision was already taken.
 842 #
 843 # More articles in the press
 844 # <a href="http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev">
 845 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-lev
 846 # </a>
 847 # e.html
 848 # <a href="http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923">
 849 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
 850 # </a>
 851 # <a href="http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim">
 852 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
 853 # anche-prochain-5538.html
 854 # </a>
 855 
 856 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 857 # They have it written in English here:
 858 # <a href="http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view">
 859 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
 860 # </a>
 861 #
 862 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 863 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
 864 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
 865 # also been like that in the past.
 866 
 867 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
 868 # According to Infom&eacute;diaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
 869 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure l&eacute;gale:
 870 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'&eacute;t&eacute;
 871 # <a href="http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9">
 872 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
 873 # </a>
 874 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 875 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 876 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 877 # except the month of Ramadan.
 878 # or (brief)
 879 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html">
 880 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
 881 # </a>
 882 
 883 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 884 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
 885 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
 886 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
 887 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
 888 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
 889 
 890 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 891 # Seen Morocco change again:
 892 # <a href="http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php">
 893 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 894 # </a>
 895 # "...&agrave; partir du dernier dimance d'avril et non fins mars,
 896 # comme annonc&eacute; pr&eacute;c&eacute;demment."
 897 
 898 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 899 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
 900 # <a href="http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288">
 901 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
 902 # </a>
 903 #
 904 # Google translation, lightly edited:
 905 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
 906 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
 907 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
 908 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
 909 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
 910 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
 911 # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
 912 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 913 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
 914 
 915 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
 916 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
 917 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 918 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 919 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
 920 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
 921 
 922 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 923 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
 924 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
 925 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
 926 
 927 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
 928 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
 929 # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
 930 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
 931 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
 932 # source (French):
 933 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
 934 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
 935 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
 936 
 937 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 938 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 939 
 940 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-19):
 941 # To estimate what the Moroccan government will do in future years,
 942 # transition dates for 2014 through 2038 were determined by running
 943 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3:
 944 #
 945 # (let ((islamic-year 1435))
 946 #   (while (< islamic-year 1461)
 947 #     (let ((a
 948 #            (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
 949 #             (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))))
 950 #           (b
 951 #            (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute
 952 #             (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))))










 953 #       (insert
 954 #        (format
 955 #         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
 956 #                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t %2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 957 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 958 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 959 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 960 #
 961 # with spring-forward transitions removed for 2023-2025, when the
 962 # normal spring-forward date falls during the estimated Ramadan; with
 963 # all transitions removed for 2026-2035, where the estimated Ramadan
 964 # falls entirely outside daylight-saving time; and with fall-back
 965 # transitions removed for 2036-2037, where the normal fall-back
 966 # date falls during the estimated Ramadan.  Normally, the table would
 967 # stop after 2037 because 32-bit time_t values roll around early in 2038,
 968 # but that would imply a prediction of perpetual DST after March 2038
 969 # due to the year-2037 glitches.  So, this table instead stops after
 970 # 2038, the first non-glitchy year after the 32-bit rollover.
 971 # An advantage of stopping after 2038 is that it lets zic guess
 972 # TZ='WET0WEST,M3.5.0,M10.5.0/3' for time stamps far in the future.
 973 
 974 # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 975 
 976 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Sep     12       0:00   1:00    S
 977 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Nov     19       0:00   0       -
 978 Rule    Morocco 1940    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   1:00    S
 979 Rule    Morocco 1945    only    -       Nov     18       0:00   0       -
 980 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Jun     11       0:00   1:00    S
 981 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   0       -
 982 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    S
 983 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 984 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    S
 985 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 986 Rule    Morocco 1976    1977    -       May      1       0:00   1:00    S
 987 Rule    Morocco 1976    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
 988 Rule    Morocco 1977    only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
 989 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 990 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
 991 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 992 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 993 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 994 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug      21      0:00   0       -
 995 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       May      2       0:00   1:00    S
 996 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       Aug      8       0:00   0       -
 997 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    S
 998 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul      31      0      0       -
 999 Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr      lastSun 2:00   1:00    S
1000 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep      30      3:00   0       -
1001 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul      20      3:00   0       -
1002 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug      20      2:00   1:00    S
1003 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul       7      3:00   0       -
1004 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug      10      2:00   1:00    S
1005 Rule    Morocco 2013    2035    -       Oct      lastSun 3:00   0       -
1006 Rule    Morocco 2014    2022    -       Mar      lastSun 2:00   1:00    S
1007 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun      29      3:00   0       -
1008 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jul      29      2:00   1:00    S
1009 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun      18      3:00   0       -
1010 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul      18      2:00   1:00    S
1011 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun       7      3:00   0       -
1012 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul       7      2:00   1:00    S
1013 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May      27      3:00   0       -
1014 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jun      26      2:00   1:00    S
1015 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May      16      3:00   0       -
1016 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun      15      2:00   1:00    S
1017 Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       May       6      3:00   0       -
1018 Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       Jun       5      2:00   1:00    S
1019 Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       Apr      24      3:00   0       -
1020 Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       May      24      2:00   1:00    S
1021 Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       Apr      13      3:00   0       -
1022 Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       May      13      2:00   1:00    S
1023 Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       Apr       3      3:00   0       -
1024 Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       May       3      2:00   1:00    S
1025 Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Apr      22      2:00   1:00    S
1026 Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Apr      10      2:00   1:00    S
1027 Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Mar      31      2:00   1:00    S
1028 Rule    Morocco 2026    max     -       Mar      lastSun 2:00   1:00    S
1029 Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Oct      21      3:00   0       -
1030 Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Oct      11      3:00   0       -
1031 Rule    Morocco 2038    only    -       Sep      30      3:00   0       -
1032 Rule    Morocco 2038    only    -       Oct      30      2:00   1:00    S
1033 Rule    Morocco 2038    max     -       Oct      lastSun 3:00   0       -
1034 
1035 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1036 Zone Africa/Casablanca  -0:30:20 -      LMT     1913 Oct 26
1037                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT   1984 Mar 16
1038                          1:00   -       CET     1986
1039                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT
1040 
1041 # Western Sahara
1042 #
1043 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
1044 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
1045 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
1046 # Morocco does.
1047 #
1048 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
1049 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
1050 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
1051 
1052 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan
1053                         -1:00   -       WAT     1976 Apr 14
1054                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT
1055 
1056 # Mozambique
1057 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1058 Zone    Africa/Maputo   2:10:20 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1059                         2:00    -       CAT
1060 
1061 # Namibia
1062 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
1063 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
1064 
1065 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
1066 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
1067 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
1068 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1069 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
1070 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1071 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1072 # of the country.


1082 Zone    Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 -       LMT     1892 Feb 8
1083                         1:30    -       SWAT    1903 Mar        # SW Africa Time
1084                         2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20 2:00
1085                         2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21 2:00
1086                         2:00    -       SAST    1990 Mar 21 # independence
1087                         2:00    -       CAT     1994 Apr  3
1088                         1:00    Namibia WA%sT
1089 
1090 # Niger
1091 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1092 Zone    Africa/Niamey    0:08:28 -      LMT     1912
1093                         -1:00   -       WAT     1934 Feb 26
1094                          0:00   -       GMT     1960
1095                          1:00   -       WAT
1096 
1097 # Nigeria
1098 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1099 Zone    Africa/Lagos    0:13:36 -       LMT     1919 Sep
1100                         1:00    -       WAT
1101 
1102 # Reunion
1103 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1104 Zone    Indian/Reunion  3:41:52 -       LMT     1911 Jun        # Saint-Denis
1105                         4:00    -       RET     # Reunion Time


1106 #
1107 # Scattered Islands (Iles Eparses) administered from Reunion are as follows.
1108 # The following information about them is taken from
1109 # Iles Eparses (www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm, 1997-07-22, in French;
1110 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1111 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1112 #
1113 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1114 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1115 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1116 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1117 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1118 
1119 # Rwanda
1120 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1121 Zone    Africa/Kigali   2:00:16 -       LMT     1935 Jun
1122                         2:00    -       CAT
1123 
1124 # St Helena
1125 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1126 Zone Atlantic/St_Helena -0:22:48 -      LMT     1890            # Jamestown
1127                         -0:22:48 -      JMT     1951    # Jamestown Mean Time
1128                          0:00   -       GMT
1129 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1130 #       Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1131 #       Ascension: on GMT, says usno1995 and the CIA
1132 #       Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1133 #               on GMT, says the CIA
1134 #       Inaccessible, Nightingale: no information, but probably GMT
1135 
1136 # Sao Tome and Principe
1137 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1138 Zone    Africa/Sao_Tome  0:26:56 -      LMT     1884
1139                         -0:36:32 -      LMT     1912    # Lisbon Mean Time
1140                          0:00   -       GMT
1141 

1142 # Senegal
1143 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1144 Zone    Africa/Dakar    -1:09:44 -      LMT     1912
1145                         -1:00   -       WAT     1941 Jun
1146                          0:00   -       GMT
1147 
1148 # Seychelles
1149 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1150 Zone    Indian/Mahe     3:41:48 -       LMT     1906 Jun        # Victoria
1151                         4:00    -       SCT     # Seychelles Time
1152 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1153 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1154 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1155 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1156 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1157 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1158 
1159 # Sierra Leone
1160 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1161 # Whitman gives Mar 31 - Aug 31 for 1931 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
1162 Rule    SL      1935    1942    -       Jun      1      0:00    0:40    SLST
1163 Rule    SL      1935    1942    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       WAT
1164 Rule    SL      1957    1962    -       Jun      1      0:00    1:00    SLST
1165 Rule    SL      1957    1962    -       Sep      1      0:00    0       GMT
1166 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1167 Zone    Africa/Freetown -0:53:00 -      LMT     1882
1168                         -0:53:00 -      FMT     1913 Jun # Freetown Mean Time
1169                         -1:00   SL      %s      1957
1170                          0:00   SL      %s
1171 
1172 # Somalia
1173 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1174 Zone Africa/Mogadishu   3:01:28 -       LMT     1893 Nov
1175                         3:00    -       EAT     1931
1176                         2:30    -       BEAT    1957
1177                         3:00    -       EAT
1178 
1179 # South Africa
1180 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1181 Rule    SA      1942    1943    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    1:00    -
1182 Rule    SA      1943    1944    -       Mar     Sun>=15      2:00    0       -
1183 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1184 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -      LMT     1892 Feb 8
1185                         1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
1186                         2:00    SA      SAST
1187 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1188 # scientific station since 1947
1189 # no information
1190 
1191 # Sudan
1192 #
1193 # From <a href="http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html">
1194 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13)
1195 # </a>, also reported by Michael De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1196 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1197 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1198 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1199 #
1200 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1201 Rule    Sudan   1970    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
1202 Rule    Sudan   1970    1985    -       Oct     15      0:00    0       -
1203 Rule    Sudan   1971    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
1204 Rule    Sudan   1972    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1205 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1206 Zone    Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 -       LMT     1931
1207                         2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
1208                         3:00    -       EAT
1209 
1210 # South Sudan
1211 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1212 
1213 # Swaziland
1214 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1215 Zone    Africa/Mbabane  2:04:24 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1216                         2:00    -       SAST
1217 
1218 # Tanzania
1219 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1220 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -     LMT     1931
1221                         3:00    -       EAT     1948
1222                         2:45    -       BEAUT   1961
1223                         3:00    -       EAT
1224 
1225 # Togo
1226 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1227 Zone    Africa/Lome     0:04:52 -       LMT     1893
1228                         0:00    -       GMT
1229 
1230 # Tunisia
1231 
1232 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1233 # My correspondent, Risto Nykanen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1234 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1235 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1236 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1237 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1238 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1239 # Saturday."  (My translation)
1240 #
1241 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1242 # LaPresse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1243 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
1244 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1245 # 1h standard time.
1246 #
1247 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1248 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1249 # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1250 # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1251 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1252 
1253 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1254 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1255 # (Arabic)
1256 # <a href="http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546">
1257 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1258 # </a>
1259 # <a href="http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp">
1260 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1261 # </a>
1262 #
1263 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1264 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1265 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html">
1266 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1267 # </a>
1268 
1269 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1270 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1271 #
1272 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1273 #
1274 # (in English)
1275 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157">
1276 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1277 # </a>
1278 #
1279 # (in Arabic)
1280 # <a href="http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1">
1281 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1282 # </a>
1283 
1284 # From Arthur David Olson (2009--3-18):
1285 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is due to the fact
1286 # that the fasting month of ramadan coincides with the period concerned by summer time.
1287 # Therefore, the standard time will be kept unchanged the whole year long."
1288 # So foregoing DST seems to be an exception (albeit one that may be repeated in the  future).

1289 
1290 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1291 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1292 #
1293 # (translation):
1294 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1295 # Sunday...
1296 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1297 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1298 #
1299 # (in Arabic)
1300 # <a href="http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1">
1301 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1302 # <a href="http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036">
1303 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1304 # or
1305 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html">
1306 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1307 
1308 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1309 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
1310 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Nov     18      23:00s  0       -
1311 Rule    Tunisia 1940    only    -       Feb     25      23:00s  1:00    S
1312 Rule    Tunisia 1941    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   0       -
1313 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Mar      9       0:00   1:00    S
1314 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Nov      2       3:00   0       -
1315 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00   1:00    S
1316 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     17       2:00   0       -
1317 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     25       2:00   1:00    S
1318 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00   0       -
1319 Rule    Tunisia 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1        2:00   1:00    S
1320 Rule    Tunisia 1944    only    -       Oct      8       0:00   0       -
1321 Rule    Tunisia 1945    only    -       Sep     16       0:00   0       -
1322 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Apr     30       0:00s  1:00    S
1323 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Sep     24       0:00s  0       -
1324 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1325 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -




   4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   9 #
  10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14 # accompanied this code).
  15 #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19 #
  20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #

  24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  26 
  27 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
  30 
  31 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
  32 #
  33 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
  34 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  35 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  36 #
  37 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  38 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  39 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  40 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  41 # of the IATA's data after 1990.
  42 #
  43 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
  44 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
  45 #
  46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
  48 # I found in the UCLA library.
  49 #
  50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
  51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
  52 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>.
  53 #
  54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  56 #
  57 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
  58 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
  59 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
  60 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
  61 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
  62 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
  63 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
  64 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
  65 #
  66 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
  67 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
  68 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
  69 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
  70 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
  71 #
  72 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
  73 #       -1:00   WAT     West Africa Time (no longer used)
  74 #        0:00   GMT     Greenwich Mean Time
  75 #        2:00   CAT     Central Africa Time
  76 #        2:00   SAST    South Africa Standard Time
  77 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
  78 #        1:00   WAT     West Africa Time
  79 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
  80 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
  81 # until we get more information.
  82 #
  83 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
  84 #        2:00   WAST    West Africa Summer Time
  85 #        2:30   BEAT    British East Africa Time (no longer used)
  86 #        2:45   BEAUT   British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
  87 #        3:00   CAST    Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  88 #        3:00   SAST    South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  89 #        3:00   EAT     East Africa Time
  90 #        4:00   EAST    East Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  91 
  92 # Algeria
  93 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  94 Rule    Algeria 1916    only    -       Jun     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  95 Rule    Algeria 1916    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1       23:00s  0       -
  96 Rule    Algeria 1917    only    -       Mar     24      23:00s  1:00    S
  97 Rule    Algeria 1918    only    -       Mar      9      23:00s  1:00    S
  98 Rule    Algeria 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
  99 Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S


 136 # Benin
 137 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1946, not 1934;
 138 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 139 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 140 Zone Africa/Porto-Novo  0:10:28 -       LMT     1912
 141                         0:00    -       GMT     1934 Feb 26
 142                         1:00    -       WAT
 143 
 144 # Botswana
 145 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
 146 # Milne says they were regulated by the Cape Town Signal in 1899;
 147 # assume they switched to 2:00 when Cape Town did.
 148 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 149 Zone    Africa/Gaborone 1:43:40 -       LMT     1885
 150                         1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
 151                         2:00    -       CAT     1943 Sep 19 2:00
 152                         2:00    1:00    CAST    1944 Mar 19 2:00
 153                         2:00    -       CAT
 154 
 155 # Burkina Faso
 156 # See Africa/Abidjan.


 157 
 158 # Burundi
 159 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 160 Zone Africa/Bujumbura   1:57:28 -       LMT     1890
 161                         2:00    -       CAT
 162 
 163 # Cameroon
 164 # Whitman says they switched to 1:00 in 1920; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 165 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 166 Zone    Africa/Douala   0:38:48 -       LMT     1912
 167                         1:00    -       WAT
 168 
 169 # Cape Verde
 170 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 171 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1907                    # Praia
 172                         -2:00   -       CVT     1942 Sep
 173                         -2:00   1:00    CVST    1945 Oct 15
 174                         -2:00   -       CVT     1975 Nov 25 2:00
 175                         -1:00   -       CVT
 176 
 177 # Central African Republic
 178 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 179 Zone    Africa/Bangui   1:14:20 -       LMT     1912
 180                         1:00    -       WAT
 181 
 182 # Chad
 183 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 184 Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912 # N'Djamena
 185                         1:00    -       WAT     1979 Oct 14
 186                         1:00    1:00    WAST    1980 Mar  8
 187                         1:00    -       WAT
 188 
 189 # Comoros
 190 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 191 Zone    Indian/Comoro   2:53:04 -       LMT     1911 Jul   # Moroni, Gran Comoro
 192                         3:00    -       EAT
 193 
 194 # Democratic Republic of Congo
 195 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 196 Zone Africa/Kinshasa    1:01:12 -       LMT     1897 Nov 9
 197                         1:00    -       WAT
 198 Zone Africa/Lubumbashi  1:49:52 -       LMT     1897 Nov 9
 199                         2:00    -       CAT
 200 
 201 # Republic of the Congo
 202 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 203 Zone Africa/Brazzaville 1:01:08 -       LMT     1912
 204                         1:00    -       WAT
 205 
 206 # Côte D'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 207 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 208 Zone    Africa/Abidjan  -0:16:08 -      LMT     1912
 209                          0:00   -       GMT
 210 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako       # Mali
 211 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul       # Gambia
 212 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry      # Guinea
 213 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar        # Senegal
 214 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown     # Sierra Leone
 215 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome         # Togo
 216 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott   # Mauritania
 217 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou  # Burkina Faso
 218 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome     # São Tomé and Príncipe
 219 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena  # St Helena
 220 
 221 # Djibouti
 222 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 223 Zone    Africa/Djibouti 2:52:36 -       LMT     1911 Jul
 224                         3:00    -       EAT
 225 
 226 ###############################################################################
 227 
 228 # Egypt
 229 
 230 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
 231 # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
 232 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
 233 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 234 
 235 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 236 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Jul     15      0:00    1:00    S
 237 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 238 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    S
 239 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -


 244 Rule    Egypt   1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
 245 Rule    Egypt   1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 246 Rule    Egypt   1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
 247 Rule    Egypt   1959    1981    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 248 Rule    Egypt   1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
 249 Rule    Egypt   1966    1994    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
 250 Rule    Egypt   1982    only    -       Jul     25      1:00    1:00    S
 251 Rule    Egypt   1983    only    -       Jul     12      1:00    1:00    S
 252 Rule    Egypt   1984    1988    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 253 Rule    Egypt   1989    only    -       May      6      1:00    1:00    S
 254 Rule    Egypt   1990    1994    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 255 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 256 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
 257 
 258 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
 259 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
 260 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
 261 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 262 #
 263 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time

 264 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168

 265 # or

 266 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html

 267 Rule    Egypt   1995    2010    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 268 Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 269 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 270 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 271 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 272 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 273 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
 274 Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
 275 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 276 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 277 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 278 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 279 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 280 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 282 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
 283 Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1       24:00   0       -
 284 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 285 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 286 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
 287 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
 288 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
 289 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
 290 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 291 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 292 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
 293 
 294 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
 295 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
 296 #
 297 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
 298 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 299 # Apr 23
 300 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 301 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
 302 # Apr 24
 303 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 304 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 305 # Aug 27
 306 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 307 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
 308 # Aug 27
 309 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 310 #
 311 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
 312 # :59)
 313 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
 314 #
 315 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 316 #
 317 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
 318 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
 319 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/






 320 
 321 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 322 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
 323 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
 324 # in September.
 325 
 326 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 327 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 328 # Information and Decision Support Center:

 329 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html

 330 #
 331 # The Middle East News Agency

 332 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx

 333 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 334 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 335 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
 336 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
 337 # (at least today).
 338 
 339 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
 340 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 341 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 342 # Ramadan.
 343 #
 344 # Arabic translation:
 345 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"

 346 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again



 347 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html

 348 
 349 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 350 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
 351 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
 352 
 353 # From Gunther Vermier (2015-05-13):
 354 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 355 
 356 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
 357 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
 358 # in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
 359 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
 360 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
 361 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
 362 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
 363 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
 364 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
 365 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
 366 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
 367 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
 368 
 369 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
 370 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 371 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
 372 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
 373 # no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:

 374 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 375 #
 376 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use
 377 # 2010's rules, and guess that Egypt will switch to standard time at
 378 # 24:00 the last Thursday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 00:00 the
 379 # first Friday after Ramadan.  To implement this,
 380 # transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were determined by running
 381 # the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the results integrated
 382 # by hand into the table below.  Ramadan again intrudes on the guessed
 383 # DST starting in 2038, but that's beyond our somewhat-arbitrary cutoff.
 384 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
 385 #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
 386 #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
 387 #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
 388 #           (friday 5))
 389 #       (while (/= friday (mod a 7))
 390 #         (setq a (1- a)))
 391 #       (while (/= friday (mod b 7))
 392 #         (setq b (1+ b)))
 393 #       (setq a (1- a))
 394 #       (setq b (1- b))
 395 #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
 396 #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
 397 #       (insert
 398 #        (format
 399 #         (concat "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t0\t-\n"
 400 #                 "Rule\tEgypt\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t24:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 401 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 402 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 403 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 404 Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 405 Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      24:00   0       -
 406 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     10      24:00   0       -
 407 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep      9      24:00   1:00    S
 408 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 409 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       May     15      24:00   1:00    S
 410 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jun     26      24:00   0       -
 411 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jul     31      24:00   1:00    S
 412 Rule    Egypt   2014    max     -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 413 Rule    Egypt   2015    2019    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 414 Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jun     11      24:00   0       -
 415 Rule    Egypt   2015    only    -       Jul     23      24:00   1:00    S
 416 Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jun      2      24:00   0       -
 417 Rule    Egypt   2016    only    -       Jul      7      24:00   1:00    S
 418 Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       May     25      24:00   0       -
 419 Rule    Egypt   2017    only    -       Jun     29      24:00   1:00    S
 420 Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       May     10      24:00   0       -
 421 Rule    Egypt   2018    only    -       Jun     14      24:00   1:00    S
 422 Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       May      2      24:00   0       -
 423 Rule    Egypt   2019    only    -       Jun      6      24:00   1:00    S
 424 Rule    Egypt   2020    only    -       May     28      24:00   1:00    S
 425 Rule    Egypt   2021    only    -       May     13      24:00   1:00    S
 426 Rule    Egypt   2022    only    -       May      5      24:00   1:00    S
 427 Rule    Egypt   2023    max     -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 428 
 429 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 430 Zone    Africa/Cairo    2:05:09 -       LMT     1900 Oct
 431                         2:00    Egypt   EE%sT
 432 
 433 # Equatorial Guinea
 434 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 435 Zone    Africa/Malabo   0:35:08 -       LMT     1912
 436                         0:00    -       GMT     1963 Dec 15
 437                         1:00    -       WAT
 438 
 439 # Eritrea
 440 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 441 Zone    Africa/Asmara   2:35:32 -       LMT     1870
 442                         2:35:32 -       AMT     1890          # Asmara Mean Time
 443                         2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
 444                         3:00    -       EAT
 445 
 446 # Ethiopia
 447 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-31):
 448 # Like the Swahili of Kenya and Tanzania, many Ethiopians keep a
 449 # 12-hour clock starting at our 06:00, so their "8 o'clock" is our
 450 # 02:00 or 14:00.  Keep this in mind when you ask the time in Amharic.
 451 #
 452 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Ethiopia had six narrowly-spaced time
 453 # zones between 1870 and 1890, that they merged to 38E50 (2:35:20) in
 454 # 1890, and that they switched to 3:00 on 1936-05-05.  Perhaps 38E50
 455 # was for Adis Dera.  Quite likely the Shanks data are wrong anyway.
 456 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 457 Zone Africa/Addis_Ababa 2:34:48 -       LMT     1870
 458                         2:35:20 -       ADMT    1936 May 5    # Adis Dera MT
 459                         3:00    -       EAT
 460 
 461 # Gabon
 462 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 463 Zone Africa/Libreville  0:37:48 -       LMT     1912
 464                         1:00    -       WAT
 465 
 466 # Gambia
 467 # See Africa/Abidjan.




 468 
 469 # Ghana
 470 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 471 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
 472 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
 473 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
 474 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
 475 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
 476 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
 477 Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Sep      1      0:00    0:20    GHST
 478 Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       GMT
 479 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 480 Zone    Africa/Accra    -0:00:52 -      LMT     1918
 481                          0:00   Ghana   %s
 482 
 483 # Guinea
 484 # See Africa/Abidjan.




 485 
 486 # Guinea-Bissau
 487 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 488 Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1911 May 26
 489                         -1:00   -       WAT     1975
 490                          0:00   -       GMT
 491 
 492 # Kenya
 493 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 494 Zone    Africa/Nairobi  2:27:16 -       LMT     1928 Jul
 495                         3:00    -       EAT     1930
 496                         2:30    -       BEAT    1940
 497                         2:45    -       BEAUT   1960
 498                         3:00    -       EAT
 499 
 500 # Lesotho
 501 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 502 Zone    Africa/Maseru   1:50:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 503                         2:00    -       SAST    1943 Sep 19 2:00
 504                         2:00    1:00    SAST    1944 Mar 19 2:00


 572 # the IATA SSIM data contain some obvious errors.
 573                         2:00    -       EET     1996 Sep 30
 574                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1997 Oct  4
 575                         2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10 2:00
 576                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25 2:00
 577                         2:00    -       EET
 578 
 579 # Madagascar
 580 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 581 Zone Indian/Antananarivo 3:10:04 -      LMT     1911 Jul
 582                         3:00    -       EAT     1954 Feb 27 23:00s
 583                         3:00    1:00    EAST    1954 May 29 23:00s
 584                         3:00    -       EAT
 585 
 586 # Malawi
 587 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 588 Zone    Africa/Blantyre 2:20:00 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 589                         2:00    -       CAT
 590 
 591 # Mali






 592 # Mauritania
 593 # See Africa/Abidjan.




 594 
 595 # Mauritius
 596 
 597 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 598 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 599 # basis....
 600 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 601 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 602 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 603 
 604 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
 605 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 606 
 607 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
 608 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
 609 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
 610 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
 611 
 612 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 613 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
 614 
 615 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 616 # According to

 617 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216

 618 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 619 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 620 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 621 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
 622 #
 623 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
 624 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
 625 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
 626 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
 627 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 628 # changes two days later.
 629 
 630 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 631 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
 632 # time:  Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 633 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 634 #
 635 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
 636 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
 637 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....


 638 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html

 639 
 640 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 641 # The Government of Mauritius weblink

 642 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD

 643 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 644 #
 645 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
 646 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
 647 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
 648 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
 649 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 650 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 651 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
 652 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 653 # and end on 29 March 2009.
 654 
 655 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 656 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 657 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 658 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.

 659 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf

 660 
 661 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 662 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 663 # DST the coming summer...
 664 #
 665 # Some sources, in French:

 666 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB


 667 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-

 668 #
 669 # Our wrap-up:

 670 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html

 671 
 672 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 673 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
 674 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
 675 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
 676 
 677 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 678 Rule Mauritius  1982    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    1:00    S
 679 Rule Mauritius  1983    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       -
 680 Rule Mauritius  2008    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    1:00    S
 681 Rule Mauritius  2009    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    0       -
 682 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 683 Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907            # Port Louis
 684                         4:00 Mauritius  MU%sT   # Mauritius Time
 685 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 686 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 687 
 688 # Mayotte
 689 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 690 Zone    Indian/Mayotte  3:00:56 -       LMT     1911 Jul        # Mamoutzou
 691                         3:00    -       EAT
 692 
 693 # Morocco
 694 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 695 
 696 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 697 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
 698 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
 699 #
 700 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 701 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
 702 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 703 #

 704 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html



 705 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html

 706 
 707 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 708 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe Presse:

 709 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view

 710 #
 711 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 712 # spokesman.
 713 
 714 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 715 # According to this article:

 716 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
 717 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
 718 # the changes occur at midnight:
 719 #
 720 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
 721 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
 722 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 723 #
 724 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
 725 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
 726 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
 727 # June 1st to Sept 27th.





 728 #
 729 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 730 # published on the web.
 731 #
 732 # It's also confirmed here:

 733 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
 734 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
 735 # posted in English).

 736 #
 737 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:

 738 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search

 739 
 740 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 741 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
 742 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 743 # of September:
 744 #
 745 # One article about it (in French):

 746 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default

 747 #
 748 # We have some further details posted here:

 749 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html

 750 
 751 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 752 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 753 # to many sources, such as

 754 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html


 755 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312

 756 # (French)
 757 #
 758 # Our summary:

 759 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html

 760 
 761 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 762 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
 763 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 764 #
 765 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967)
 766 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 767 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 768 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 769 #

 770 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf



 771 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html

 772 
 773 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 774 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
 775 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
 776 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 777 #
 778 # Example:

 779 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html

 780 # (French)
 781 # Our page:

 782 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html

 783 
 784 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 785 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
 786 # The 3rd april 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd april 1:00:00
 787 # The 31th july 2011 at 00:59:59,  [it] will be 31th July 00:00:00
 788 # ...Official links of change in morocco
 789 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 790 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 791 # +212.537.71.84.00

 792 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/

 793 # They said that

 794 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view

 795 # is the official publication to look at.
 796 # They said that the decision was already taken.
 797 #
 798 # More articles in the press
 799 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html




 800 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923


 801 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim


 802 
 803 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 804 # They have it written in English here:

 805 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view

 806 #
 807 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 808 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
 809 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
 810 # also been like that in the past.
 811 
 812 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
 813 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
 814 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
 815 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été

 816 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9

 817 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 818 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 819 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 820 # except the month of Ramadan.
 821 # or (brief)

 822 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html

 823 
 824 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 825 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
 826 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
 827 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
 828 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
 829 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
 830 
 831 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 832 # Seen Morocco change again:

 833 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 834 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
 835 # comme annoncé précédemment."

 836 
 837 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 838 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:

 839 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]

 840 #
 841 # Google translation, lightly edited:
 842 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
 843 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
 844 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
 845 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
 846 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
 847 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
 848 # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
 849 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 850 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
 851 
 852 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
 853 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
 854 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 855 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 856 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
 857 # <http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288>.
 858 
 859 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 860 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
 861 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
 862 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
 863 
 864 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
 865 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
 866 # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
 867 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
 868 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
 869 # source (French):
 870 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
 871 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
 872 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
 873 
 874 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 875 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 876 
 877 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
 878 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
 879 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
 880 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
 881 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
 882 
 883 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05):
 884 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules,
 885 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
 886 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after
 887 # Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were
 888 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
 889 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
 890 # (let ((islamic-year 1436))
 891 #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
 892 #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
 893 #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
 894 #           (saturday 6))
 895 #       (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
 896 #       (while (/= saturday (mod b 7))
 897 #         (setq b (1+ b)))
 898 #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
 899 #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
 900 #       (insert
 901 #        (format
 902 #         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
 903 #                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 904 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 905 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 906 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))













 907 
 908 # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 909 
 910 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Sep     12       0:00   1:00    S
 911 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Nov     19       0:00   0       -
 912 Rule    Morocco 1940    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   1:00    S
 913 Rule    Morocco 1945    only    -       Nov     18       0:00   0       -
 914 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Jun     11       0:00   1:00    S
 915 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   0       -
 916 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    S
 917 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 918 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    S
 919 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 920 Rule    Morocco 1976    1977    -       May      1       0:00   1:00    S
 921 Rule    Morocco 1976    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
 922 Rule    Morocco 1977    only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
 923 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 924 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
 925 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 926 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 927 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 928 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug     21       0:00   0       -
 929 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       May      2       0:00   1:00    S
 930 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       Aug      8       0:00   0       -
 931 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    S
 932 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul     31       0      0       -
 933 Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 934 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep     30       3:00   0       -
 935 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul     20       3:00   0       -
 936 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug     20       2:00   1:00    S
 937 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul      7       3:00   0       -
 938 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug     10       2:00   1:00    S
 939 Rule    Morocco 2013    max     -       Oct     lastSun  3:00   0       -
 940 Rule    Morocco 2014    2022    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 941 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun     28       3:00   0       -
 942 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Aug      2       2:00   1:00    S
 943 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun     13       3:00   0       -
 944 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul     18       2:00   1:00    S
 945 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun      4       3:00   0       -
 946 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul      9       2:00   1:00    S
 947 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May     20       3:00   0       -
 948 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jul      1       2:00   1:00    S
 949 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May     12       3:00   0       -
 950 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun     16       2:00   1:00    S
 951 Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       May      4       3:00   0       -
 952 Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       Jun      8       2:00   1:00    S
 953 Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       Apr     18       3:00   0       -
 954 Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       May     30       2:00   1:00    S
 955 Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       Apr     10       3:00   0       -
 956 Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       May     15       2:00   1:00    S
 957 Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       Apr      2       3:00   0       -
 958 Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       May      7       2:00   1:00    S
 959 Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Apr     22       2:00   1:00    S
 960 Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Apr     13       2:00   1:00    S
 961 Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Apr      5       2:00   1:00    S
 962 Rule    Morocco 2026    max     -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 963 Rule    Morocco 2035    only    -       Oct     27       3:00   0       -
 964 Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Oct     18       3:00   0       -
 965 Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Oct     10       3:00   0       -


 966 
 967 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 968 Zone Africa/Casablanca  -0:30:20 -      LMT     1913 Oct 26
 969                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT   1984 Mar 16
 970                          1:00   -       CET     1986
 971                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 972 
 973 # Western Sahara
 974 #
 975 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
 976 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
 977 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
 978 # Morocco does.
 979 #
 980 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
 981 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 982 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 983 
 984 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 985                         -1:00   -       WAT     1976 Apr 14
 986                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 987 
 988 # Mozambique
 989 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 990 Zone    Africa/Maputo   2:10:20 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 991                         2:00    -       CAT
 992 
 993 # Namibia
 994 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
 995 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 996 
 997 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30) in
 998 # <http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html>:
 999 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
1000 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
1001 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
1002 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
1003 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
1004 # of the country.


1014 Zone    Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 -       LMT     1892 Feb 8
1015                         1:30    -       SWAT    1903 Mar        # SW Africa Time
1016                         2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20 2:00
1017                         2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21 2:00
1018                         2:00    -       SAST    1990 Mar 21 # independence
1019                         2:00    -       CAT     1994 Apr  3
1020                         1:00    Namibia WA%sT
1021 
1022 # Niger
1023 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1024 Zone    Africa/Niamey    0:08:28 -      LMT     1912
1025                         -1:00   -       WAT     1934 Feb 26
1026                          0:00   -       GMT     1960
1027                          1:00   -       WAT
1028 
1029 # Nigeria
1030 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1031 Zone    Africa/Lagos    0:13:36 -       LMT     1919 Sep
1032                         1:00    -       WAT
1033 
1034 # Réunion
1035 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1036 Zone    Indian/Reunion  3:41:52 -       LMT     1911 Jun        # Saint-Denis
1037                         4:00    -       RET     # Réunion Time
1038 #
1039 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1040 #
1041 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1042 # The following information about them is taken from
1043 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1044 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1045 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1046 #
1047 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1048 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1049 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1050 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1051 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1052 
1053 # Rwanda
1054 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1055 Zone    Africa/Kigali   2:00:16 -       LMT     1935 Jun
1056                         2:00    -       CAT
1057 
1058 # St Helena
1059 # See Africa/Abidjan.



1060 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1061 #       Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1062 #       Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1063 #       Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1064 #               on GMT, says the CIA
1065 #       Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited






1066 
1067 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1068 # Senegal
1069 # See Africa/Abidjan.



1070 
1071 # Seychelles
1072 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1073 Zone    Indian/Mahe     3:41:48 -       LMT     1906 Jun        # Victoria
1074                         4:00    -       SCT     # Seychelles Time
1075 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1076 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1077 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1078 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1079 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1080 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1081 
1082 # Sierra Leone
1083 # See Africa/Abidjan.










1084 
1085 # Somalia
1086 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1087 Zone Africa/Mogadishu   3:01:28 -       LMT     1893 Nov
1088                         3:00    -       EAT     1931
1089                         2:30    -       BEAT    1957
1090                         3:00    -       EAT
1091 
1092 # South Africa
1093 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1094 Rule    SA      1942    1943    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    1:00    -
1095 Rule    SA      1943    1944    -       Mar     Sun>=15      2:00    0       -
1096 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1097 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -      LMT     1892 Feb 8
1098                         1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
1099                         2:00    SA      SAST
1100 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1101 # scientific station since 1947
1102 # no information
1103 
1104 # Sudan
1105 #
1106 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1107 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1108 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1109 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1110 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1111 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1112 #
1113 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1114 Rule    Sudan   1970    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
1115 Rule    Sudan   1970    1985    -       Oct     15      0:00    0       -
1116 Rule    Sudan   1971    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
1117 Rule    Sudan   1972    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1118 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1119 Zone    Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 -       LMT     1931
1120                         2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
1121                         3:00    -       EAT
1122 
1123 # South Sudan
1124 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1125 
1126 # Swaziland
1127 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1128 Zone    Africa/Mbabane  2:04:24 -       LMT     1903 Mar
1129                         2:00    -       SAST
1130 
1131 # Tanzania
1132 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1133 Zone Africa/Dar_es_Salaam 2:37:08 -     LMT     1931
1134                         3:00    -       EAT     1948
1135                         2:45    -       BEAUT   1961
1136                         3:00    -       EAT
1137 
1138 # Togo
1139 # See Africa/Abidjan.


1140 
1141 # Tunisia
1142 
1143 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1144 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1145 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1146 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1147 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1148 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1149 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1150 # Saturday."  (My translation)
1151 #
1152 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1153 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1154 # <http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html>
1155 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1156 # 1h standard time.
1157 #
1158 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1159 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1160 # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1161 # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1162 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1163 
1164 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1165 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1166 # (Arabic)

1167 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546


1168 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp

1169 #
1170 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1171 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:

1172 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html

1173 
1174 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1175 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1176 #
1177 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1178 #
1179 # (in English)

1180 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157

1181 #
1182 # (in Arabic)

1183 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1

1184 
1185 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1186 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1187 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1188 # concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1189 # unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1190 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1191 
1192 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1193 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1194 #
1195 # (translation):
1196 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1197 # Sunday...
1198 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1199 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1200 #
1201 # (in Arabic)

1202 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1

1203 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036


1204 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1205 
1206 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1207 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
1208 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Nov     18      23:00s  0       -
1209 Rule    Tunisia 1940    only    -       Feb     25      23:00s  1:00    S
1210 Rule    Tunisia 1941    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   0       -
1211 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Mar      9       0:00   1:00    S
1212 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Nov      2       3:00   0       -
1213 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00   1:00    S
1214 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     17       2:00   0       -
1215 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     25       2:00   1:00    S
1216 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00   0       -
1217 Rule    Tunisia 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1        2:00   1:00    S
1218 Rule    Tunisia 1944    only    -       Oct      8       0:00   0       -
1219 Rule    Tunisia 1945    only    -       Sep     16       0:00   0       -
1220 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Apr     30       0:00s  1:00    S
1221 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Sep     24       0:00s  0       -
1222 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1223 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -