1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 29 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 30 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 33 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 34 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 35 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 36 # 37 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 38 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 39 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 40 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 41 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 42 # 43 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 44 # entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 45 # 46 # Other sources occasionally used include: 47 # 48 # Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), 50 # which I found in the UCLA library. 51 # 52 # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf"> 53 # William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition 54 # </a> (1914-03) 55 # 56 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94 57 # <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes: 58 # "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables 59 # may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society, 60 # Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org. 61 # 62 # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH), 63 # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm"> 64 # History of Summer Time 65 # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese) 66 67 # 68 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 69 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 70 # Corrections are welcome! 71 # std dst 2dst 72 # LMT Local Mean Time 73 # -4:00 AST ADT Atlantic 74 # -3:00 WGT WGST Western Greenland* 75 # -1:00 EGT EGST Eastern Greenland* 76 # 0:00 GMT BST BDST Greenwich, British Summer 77 # 0:00 GMT IST Greenwich, Irish Summer 78 # 0:00 WET WEST WEMT Western Europe 79 # 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)* 80 # 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)* 81 # 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe 82 # 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)* 83 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe 84 # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow 85 # 86 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain, 87 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 88 89 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04), 90 # The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy, 91 # Luxembourg, the Netherlands. 92 # Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom. 93 # Plus, from 1 Jan 81: Greece. 94 # Plus, from 1 Jan 86: Spain, Portugal. 95 # Plus, from 1 Jan 95: Austria, Finland, Sweden. (Norway negotiated terms for 96 # entry but in a referendum on 28 Nov 94 the people voted No by 52.2% to 47.8% 97 # on a turnout of 88.6%. This was almost the same result as Norway's previous 98 # referendum in 1972, they are the only country to have said No twice. 99 # Referendums in the other three countries voted Yes.) 100 # ... 101 # Estonia ... uses EU dates but not at 01:00 GMT, they use midnight GMT. 102 # I don't think they know yet what they will do from 1996 onwards. 103 # ... 104 # There shouldn't be any [current members who are not using EU rules]. 105 # A Directive has the force of law, member states are obliged to enact 106 # national law to implement it. The only contentious issue was the 107 # different end date for the UK and Ireland, and this was always allowed 108 # in the Directive. 109 110 111 ############################################################################### 112 113 # Britain (United Kingdom) and Ireland (Eire) 114 115 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-07-06): 116 # 117 # On 17 Jan 1994 the Independent, a UK quality newspaper, had a piece about 118 # historical vistas along the Thames in west London. There was a photo 119 # and a sketch map showing some of the sightlines involved. One paragraph 120 # of the text said: 121 # 122 # 'An old stone obelisk marking a forgotten terrestrial meridian stands 123 # beside the river at Kew. In the 18th century, before time and longitude 124 # was standardised by the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, scholars observed 125 # this stone and the movement of stars from Kew Observatory nearby. They 126 # made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament, 127 # but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking 128 # along the towpath within a few yards of it.' 129 # 130 # I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's 131 # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should 132 # be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761. 133 # 134 # [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.] 135 136 # From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18): 137 # 138 # Howse writes that Britain was the first country to use standard time. 139 # The railways cared most about the inconsistencies of local mean time, 140 # and it was they who forced a uniform time on the country. 141 # The original idea was credited to Dr. William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828) 142 # and was popularized by Abraham Follett Osler (1808-1903). 143 # The first railway to adopt London time was the Great Western Railway 144 # in November 1840; other railways followed suit, and by 1847 most 145 # (though not all) railways used London time. On 1847-09-22 the 146 # Railway Clearing House, an industry standards body, recommended that GMT be 147 # adopted at all stations as soon as the General Post Office permitted it. 148 # The transition occurred on 12-01 for the L&NW, the Caledonian, 149 # and presumably other railways; the January 1848 Bradshaw's lists many 150 # railways as using GMT. By 1855 the vast majority of public 151 # clocks in Britain were set to GMT (though some, like the great clock 152 # on Tom Tower at Christ Church, Oxford, were fitted with two minute hands, 153 # one for local time and one for GMT). The last major holdout was the legal 154 # system, which stubbornly stuck to local time for many years, leading 155 # to oddities like polls opening at 08:13 and closing at 16:13. 156 # The legal system finally switched to GMT when the Statutes (Definition 157 # of Time) Act took effect; it received the Royal Assent on 1880-08-02. 158 # 159 # In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single 160 # transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much 161 # about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time. 162 163 # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27): 164 # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915), 165 # a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society 166 # who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907) 167 # that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April, 168 # and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September. 169 # A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times, 170 # but it met with ridicule and opposition, especially from farming interests. 171 # Later editions of the pamphlet proposed one-hour summer time, and 172 # it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916. 173 # See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18). 174 # A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in 175 # a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular 176 # subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith, 177 # designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial, 178 # which is permanently set to Summer Time. 179 180 # From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28): 181 # It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of 182 # summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country 183 # between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which 184 # plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the 185 # foundations of civilization throughout the world. 186 # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm"> 187 # "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly 188 # </a> 189 190 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 191 # The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving" 192 # when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this 193 # term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the 194 # proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer". 195 196 # From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19): 197 # 198 # A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's 199 # known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom. 200 201 # Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed) 202 # From: Jonathan Leffler 203 # [British Summer Time] is fixed annually by Act of Parliament. 204 # If you can predict what Parliament will do, you should be in 205 # politics making a fortune, not computing. 206 207 # From Chris Carrier (1996-06-14): 208 # I remember reading in various wartime issues of the London Times the 209 # acronym BDST for British Double Summer Time. Look for the published 210 # time of sunrise and sunset in The Times, when BDST was in effect, and 211 # if you find a zone reference it will say, "All times B.D.S.T." 212 213 # From Joseph S. Myers (1999-09-02): 214 # ... some military cables (WO 219/4100 - this is a copy from the 215 # main SHAEF archives held in the US National Archives, SHAEF/5252/8/516) 216 # agree that the usage is BDST (this appears in a message dated 17 Feb 1945). 217 218 # From Joseph S. Myers (2000-10-03): 219 # On 18th April 1941, Sir Stephen Tallents of the BBC wrote to Sir 220 # Alexander Maxwell of the Home Office asking whether there was any 221 # official designation; the reply of the 21st was that there wasn't 222 # but he couldn't think of anything better than the "Double British 223 # Summer Time" that the BBC had been using informally. 224 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/bbc-19410418.png 225 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ho-19410421.png 226 227 # From Sir Alexander Maxwell in the above-mentioned letter (1941-04-21): 228 # [N]o official designation has as far as I know been adopted for the time 229 # which is to be introduced in May.... 230 # I cannot think of anything better than "Double British Summer Time" 231 # which could not be said to run counter to any official description. 232 233 # From Paul Eggert (2000-10-02): 234 # Howse writes (p 157) 'DBST' too, but 'BDST' seems to have been common 235 # and follows the more usual convention of putting the location name first, 236 # so we use 'BDST'. 237 238 # Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length 239 # the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom. 240 # Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating 241 # and extending this list, which can be found in 242 # http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/ 243 # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 244 # History of legal time in Britain 245 # </a> 246 # Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer 247 # exists, and the article can now be found at: 248 # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/"> 249 # http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/ 250 # </a> 251 252 # From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06): 253 # 254 # The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC; 255 # see Lord Tanlaw's speech 256 # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0"> 257 # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976) 258 # </a>. 259 260 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 261 # 262 # For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948. 263 # 264 # Given Ilieve and Myers's data, the following claims by Shanks & Pottenger 265 # are incorrect: 266 # * Wales did not switch from GMT to daylight saving time until 267 # 1921 Apr 3, when they began to conform with the rest of Great Britain. 268 # Actually, Wales was identical after 1880. 269 # * Eire had two transitions on 1916 Oct 1. 270 # It actually just had one transition. 271 # * Northern Ireland used single daylight saving time throughout WW II. 272 # Actually, it conformed to Britain. 273 # * GB-Eire changed standard time to 1 hour ahead of GMT on 1968-02-18. 274 # Actually, that date saw the usual switch to summer time. 275 # Standard time was not changed until 1968-10-27 (the clocks didn't change). 276 # 277 # Here is another incorrect claim by Shanks & Pottenger: 278 # * Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man did not switch from GMT 279 # to daylight saving time until 1921 Apr 3, when they began to 280 # conform with Great Britain. 281 # S.R.&O. 1916, No. 382 and HO 45/10811/312364 (quoted above) say otherwise. 282 # 283 # The following claim by Shanks & Pottenger is possible though doubtful; 284 # we'll ignore it for now. 285 # * Dublin's 1971-10-31 switch was at 02:00, even though London's was 03:00. 286 # 287 # 288 # Whitman says Dublin Mean Time was -0:25:21, which is more precise than 289 # Shanks & Pottenger. 290 # Perhaps this was Dunsink Observatory Time, as Dunsink Observatory 291 # (8 km NW of Dublin's center) seemingly was to Dublin as Greenwich was 292 # to London. For example: 293 # 294 # "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time." 295 # -- James Joyce, Ulysses 296 297 # From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26): 298 # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include 299 # various relating to legal time, for example: 300 # 301 # ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html 302 # 303 # ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html 304 # ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html 305 # 306 # ZZSI11Y1961.html ZZSI232Y1961.html ZZSI182Y1962.html 307 # ZZSI167Y1963.html ZZSI257Y1964.html ZZSI198Y1967.html 308 # ZZA23Y1968.html ZZA17Y1971.html 309 # 310 # ZZSI67Y1981.html ZZSI212Y1982.html ZZSI45Y1986.html 311 # ZZSI264Y1988.html ZZSI52Y1990.html ZZSI371Y1992.html 312 # ZZSI395Y1994.html ZZSI484Y1997.html ZZSI506Y2001.html 313 # 314 # [These are all relative to the root, e.g., the first is 315 # <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie/ZZA13Y1923.html>.] 316 # 317 # (These are those I found, but there could be more. In any case these 318 # should allow various updates to the comments in the europe file to cover 319 # the laws applicable in Ireland.) 320 # 321 # (Note that the time in the Republic of Ireland since 1968 has been defined 322 # in terms of standard time being GMT+1 with a period of winter time when it 323 # is GMT, rather than standard time being GMT with a period of summer time 324 # being GMT+1.) 325 326 # From Paul Eggert (1999-03-28): 327 # Clive Feather (<news:859845706.26043.0@office.demon.net>, 1997-03-31) 328 # reports that Folkestone (Cheriton) Shuttle Terminal uses Concession Time 329 # (CT), equivalent to French civil time. 330 # Julian Hill (<news:36118128.5A14@virgin.net>, 1998-09-30) reports that 331 # trains between Dollands Moor (the freight facility next door) 332 # and Frethun run in CT. 333 # My admittedly uninformed guess is that the terminal has two authorities, 334 # the French concession operators and the British civil authorities, 335 # and that the time depends on who you're talking to. 336 # If, say, the British police were called to the station for some reason, 337 # I would expect the official police report to use GMT/BST and not CET/CEST. 338 # This is a borderline case, but for now let's stick to GMT/BST. 339 340 # From an anonymous contributor (1996-06-02): 341 # The law governing time in Ireland is under Statutory Instrument SI 395/94, 342 # which gives force to European Union 7th Council Directive # 94/21/EC. 343 # Under this directive, the Minister for Justice in Ireland makes appropriate 344 # regulations. I spoke this morning with the Secretary of the Department of 345 # Justice (tel +353 1 678 9711) who confirmed to me that the correct name is 346 # "Irish Summer Time", abbreviated to "IST". 347 348 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 349 # Summer Time Act, 1916 350 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - May 21 2:00s 1:00 BST 351 Rule GB-Eire 1916 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 GMT 352 # S.R.&O. 1917, No. 358 353 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 BST 354 Rule GB-Eire 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 GMT 355 # S.R.&O. 1918, No. 274 356 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Mar 24 2:00s 1:00 BST 357 Rule GB-Eire 1918 only - Sep 30 2:00s 0 GMT 358 # S.R.&O. 1919, No. 297 359 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Mar 30 2:00s 1:00 BST 360 Rule GB-Eire 1919 only - Sep 29 2:00s 0 GMT 361 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 458 362 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Mar 28 2:00s 1:00 BST 363 # S.R.&O. 1920, No. 1844 364 Rule GB-Eire 1920 only - Oct 25 2:00s 0 GMT 365 # S.R.&O. 1921, No. 363 366 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 367 Rule GB-Eire 1921 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 GMT 368 # S.R.&O. 1922, No. 264 369 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 BST 370 Rule GB-Eire 1922 only - Oct 8 2:00s 0 GMT 371 # The Summer Time Act, 1922 372 Rule GB-Eire 1923 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 373 Rule GB-Eire 1923 1924 - Sep Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 374 Rule GB-Eire 1924 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 375 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1926 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 376 # The Summer Time Act, 1925 377 Rule GB-Eire 1925 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 378 Rule GB-Eire 1927 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 379 Rule GB-Eire 1928 1929 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 380 Rule GB-Eire 1930 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 381 Rule GB-Eire 1931 1932 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 382 Rule GB-Eire 1933 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 383 Rule GB-Eire 1934 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 384 Rule GB-Eire 1935 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 385 Rule GB-Eire 1936 1937 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 386 Rule GB-Eire 1938 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 387 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 388 # S.R.&O. 1939, No. 1379 389 Rule GB-Eire 1939 only - Nov Sun>=16 2:00s 0 GMT 390 # S.R.&O. 1940, No. 172 and No. 1883 391 Rule GB-Eire 1940 only - Feb Sun>=23 2:00s 1:00 BST 392 # S.R.&O. 1941, No. 476 393 Rule GB-Eire 1941 only - May Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 394 Rule GB-Eire 1941 1943 - Aug Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 395 # S.R.&O. 1942, No. 506 396 Rule GB-Eire 1942 1944 - Apr Sun>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 397 # S.R.&O. 1944, No. 932 398 Rule GB-Eire 1944 only - Sep Sun>=16 1:00s 1:00 BST 399 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 312 400 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Apr Mon>=2 1:00s 2:00 BDST 401 Rule GB-Eire 1945 only - Jul Sun>=9 1:00s 1:00 BST 402 # S.R.&O. 1945, No. 1208 403 Rule GB-Eire 1945 1946 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 404 Rule GB-Eire 1946 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 405 # The Summer Time Act, 1947 406 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Mar 16 2:00s 1:00 BST 407 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Apr 13 1:00s 2:00 BDST 408 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Aug 10 1:00s 1:00 BST 409 Rule GB-Eire 1947 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 GMT 410 # Summer Time Order, 1948 (S.I. 1948/495) 411 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Mar 14 2:00s 1:00 BST 412 Rule GB-Eire 1948 only - Oct 31 2:00s 0 GMT 413 # Summer Time Order, 1949 (S.I. 1949/373) 414 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 BST 415 Rule GB-Eire 1949 only - Oct 30 2:00s 0 GMT 416 # Summer Time Order, 1950 (S.I. 1950/518) 417 # Summer Time Order, 1951 (S.I. 1951/430) 418 # Summer Time Order, 1952 (S.I. 1952/451) 419 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Apr Sun>=14 2:00s 1:00 BST 420 Rule GB-Eire 1950 1952 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00s 0 GMT 421 # revert to the rules of the Summer Time Act, 1925 422 Rule GB-Eire 1953 only - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 423 Rule GB-Eire 1953 1960 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 GMT 424 Rule GB-Eire 1954 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 425 Rule GB-Eire 1955 1956 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 426 Rule GB-Eire 1957 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 427 Rule GB-Eire 1958 1959 - Apr Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 428 Rule GB-Eire 1960 only - Apr Sun>=9 2:00s 1:00 BST 429 # Summer Time Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/71) 430 # Summer Time (1962) Order, 1961 (S.I. 1961/2465) 431 # Summer Time Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/81) 432 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1963 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 BST 433 Rule GB-Eire 1961 1968 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 434 # Summer Time (1964) Order, 1963 (S.I. 1963/2101) 435 # Summer Time Order, 1964 (S.I. 1964/1201) 436 # Summer Time Order, 1967 (S.I. 1967/1148) 437 Rule GB-Eire 1964 1967 - Mar Sun>=19 2:00s 1:00 BST 438 # Summer Time Order, 1968 (S.I. 1968/117) 439 Rule GB-Eire 1968 only - Feb 18 2:00s 1:00 BST 440 # The British Standard Time Act, 1968 441 # (no summer time) 442 # The Summer Time Act, 1972 443 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Mar Sun>=16 2:00s 1:00 BST 444 Rule GB-Eire 1972 1980 - Oct Sun>=23 2:00s 0 GMT 445 # Summer Time Order, 1980 (S.I. 1980/1089) 446 # Summer Time Order, 1982 (S.I. 1982/1673) 447 # Summer Time Order, 1986 (S.I. 1986/223) 448 # Summer Time Order, 1988 (S.I. 1988/931) 449 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1995 - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 BST 450 Rule GB-Eire 1981 1989 - Oct Sun>=23 1:00u 0 GMT 451 # Summer Time Order, 1989 (S.I. 1989/985) 452 # Summer Time Order, 1992 (S.I. 1992/1729) 453 # Summer Time Order 1994 (S.I. 1994/2798) 454 Rule GB-Eire 1990 1995 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00u 0 GMT 455 # Summer Time Order 1997 (S.I. 1997/2982) 456 # See EU for rules starting in 1996. 457 # 458 # Use Europe/London for Jersey, Guernsey, and the Isle of Man. 459 460 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 461 Zone Europe/London -0:01:15 - LMT 1847 Dec 1 0:00s 462 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1968 Oct 27 463 1:00 - BST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 464 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1996 465 0:00 EU GMT/BST 466 Link Europe/London Europe/Jersey 467 Link Europe/London Europe/Guernsey 468 Link Europe/London Europe/Isle_of_Man 469 Zone Europe/Dublin -0:25:00 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 470 -0:25:21 - DMT 1916 May 21 2:00 471 -0:25:21 1:00 IST 1916 Oct 1 2:00s 472 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1921 Dec 6 # independence 473 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1940 Feb 25 2:00 474 0:00 1:00 IST 1946 Oct 6 2:00 475 0:00 - GMT 1947 Mar 16 2:00 476 0:00 1:00 IST 1947 Nov 2 2:00 477 0:00 - GMT 1948 Apr 18 2:00 478 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1968 Oct 27 479 1:00 - IST 1971 Oct 31 2:00u 480 0:00 GB-Eire GMT/IST 1996 481 0:00 EU GMT/IST 482 483 ############################################################################### 484 485 # Europe 486 487 # EU rules are for the European Union, previously known as the EC, EEC, 488 # Common Market, etc. 489 490 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 491 Rule EU 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00u 1:00 S 492 Rule EU 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 493 Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 - 494 Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 495 Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 496 Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 497 # The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See: 498 # <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT"> 499 # Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council 500 # of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements. 501 # </a> 502 503 # W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time. 504 Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 505 Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 506 Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 - 507 Rule W-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 508 Rule W-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 509 Rule W-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 510 511 # Older C-Eur rules are for convenience in the tables. 512 # From 1977 on, C-Eur differs from EU only in that C-Eur uses standard time. 513 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 514 Rule C-Eur 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 515 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 516 Rule C-Eur 1917 1918 - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 517 Rule C-Eur 1940 only - Apr 1 2:00s 1:00 S 518 Rule C-Eur 1942 only - Nov 2 2:00s 0 - 519 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S 520 Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 - 521 Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 522 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 523 Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 - 524 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13): 525 # 526 # I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s 527 # in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was 528 # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the 529 # tz database itself, as seen below: 530 # 531 # Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 532 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 533 # 534 # Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 535 # 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 536 # 537 # Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 538 # 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 539 # 540 # Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 541 # Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 542 # Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 543 # 544 # The rule line to be changed is: 545 # 546 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 - 547 # 548 # It seems that Paris, Monaco, Rule France, Rule Belgium all agree on 549 # 2:00 standard time, e.g. 3:00 local time. However there are no 550 # countries that use C-Eur rules in September 1945, so the only items 551 # affected are apparently these fictitious zones that translate acronyms 552 # CET and MET: 553 # 554 # Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 555 # Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 556 # 557 # It this is right then the corrected version would look like: 558 # 559 # Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 560 # 561 # A small step for mankind though 8-) 562 Rule C-Eur 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 563 Rule C-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 564 Rule C-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 565 Rule C-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 566 Rule C-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 567 Rule C-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 568 Rule C-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 569 570 # E-Eur differs from EU only in that E-Eur switches at midnight local time. 571 Rule E-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 572 Rule E-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 573 Rule E-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 574 Rule E-Eur 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 575 Rule E-Eur 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 576 Rule E-Eur 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 577 578 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 579 Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time 580 Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time 581 Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time 582 Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST 583 Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST 584 Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 585 Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 - 586 Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 587 Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 588 Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S 589 Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 590 # Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24): 591 Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 592 Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 593 # Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in 594 # Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1989-03-14): 595 Rule Russia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 596 Rule Russia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 597 # 598 Rule Russia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 599 Rule Russia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 600 Rule Russia 1993 2010 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 601 Rule Russia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 602 Rule Russia 1996 2010 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 603 604 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-06-14): 605 # According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev 606 # signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011. 607 # According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time. 608 # 609 # Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian): 610 # <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583"> 611 # http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583 612 # </a> 613 # 614 # Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian): 615 # <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html"> 616 # http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html 617 # </a> 618 619 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 620 # Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered 621 # to be standard. 622 623 # These are for backward compatibility with older versions. 624 625 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 626 Zone WET 0:00 EU WE%sT 627 Zone CET 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 628 Zone MET 1:00 C-Eur ME%sT 629 Zone EET 2:00 EU EE%sT 630 631 # Previous editions of this database used abbreviations like MET DST 632 # for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage. 633 634 # From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12): 635 # The official German names ... are 636 # 637 # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00 638 # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00 639 # 640 # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG), 641 # 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111).... 642 # I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution 643 # 644 # Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB) 645 # Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit" 646 # Postfach 3345 647 # D-38023 Braunschweig 648 # phone: +49 531 592-0 649 # 650 # ... I received today an answer letter from Dr. Peter Hetzel, head of the PTB 651 # department for time and frequency transmission. He explained that the 652 # PTB translates MEZ and MESZ into English as 653 # 654 # Central European Time (CET) = UTC+01:00 655 # Central European Summer Time (CEST) = UTC+02:00 656 657 658 # Albania 659 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 660 Rule Albania 1940 only - Jun 16 0:00 1:00 S 661 Rule Albania 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 662 Rule Albania 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 663 Rule Albania 1943 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 664 Rule Albania 1974 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 S 665 Rule Albania 1974 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 666 Rule Albania 1975 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 667 Rule Albania 1975 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 668 Rule Albania 1976 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 669 Rule Albania 1976 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 670 Rule Albania 1977 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 671 Rule Albania 1977 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 672 Rule Albania 1978 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 673 Rule Albania 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 674 Rule Albania 1979 only - May 5 0:00 1:00 S 675 Rule Albania 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 676 Rule Albania 1980 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 S 677 Rule Albania 1980 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 678 Rule Albania 1981 only - Apr 26 0:00 1:00 S 679 Rule Albania 1981 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 680 Rule Albania 1982 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 681 Rule Albania 1982 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 682 Rule Albania 1983 only - Apr 18 0:00 1:00 S 683 Rule Albania 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 684 Rule Albania 1984 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 685 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 686 Zone Europe/Tirane 1:19:20 - LMT 1914 687 1:00 - CET 1940 Jun 16 688 1:00 Albania CE%sT 1984 Jul 689 1:00 EU CE%sT 690 691 # Andorra 692 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 693 Zone Europe/Andorra 0:06:04 - LMT 1901 694 0:00 - WET 1946 Sep 30 695 1:00 - CET 1985 Mar 31 2:00 696 1:00 EU CE%sT 697 698 # Austria 699 700 # Milne says Vienna time was 1:05:21. 701 702 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): Shanks & Pottenger give 1918-06-16 and 703 # 1945-11-18, but the Austrian Federal Office of Metrology and 704 # Surveying (BEV) gives 1918-09-16 and for Vienna gives the "alleged" 705 # date of 1945-04-12 with no time. For the 1980-04-06 transition 706 # Shanks & Pottenger give 02:00, the BEV 00:00. Go with the BEV, 707 # and guess 02:00 for 1945-04-12. 708 709 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 710 Rule Austria 1920 only - Apr 5 2:00s 1:00 S 711 Rule Austria 1920 only - Sep 13 2:00s 0 - 712 Rule Austria 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 713 Rule Austria 1946 1948 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 714 Rule Austria 1947 only - Apr 6 2:00s 1:00 S 715 Rule Austria 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 716 Rule Austria 1980 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 717 Rule Austria 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 718 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 719 Zone Europe/Vienna 1:05:21 - LMT 1893 Apr 720 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1920 721 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1940 Apr 1 2:00s 722 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 723 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Apr 12 2:00s 724 1:00 - CET 1946 725 1:00 Austria CE%sT 1981 726 1:00 EU CE%sT 727 728 # Belarus 729 # From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16): 730 # By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to 731 # GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST). 732 # 733 # Sources (Russian language): 734 # 1. 735 # <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html"> 736 # http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html 737 # </a> 738 # 2. 739 # <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/"> 740 # http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/ 741 # </a> 742 # 3. 743 # <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html"> 744 # http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html 745 # </a> 746 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 747 Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880 748 1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time 749 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 750 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28 751 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 3 752 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 753 3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 754 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 755 2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s 756 2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s 757 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 758 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 759 760 # Belgium 761 # 762 # From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02): 763 # Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from: 764 # Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique, 765 # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991 766 # (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC), 767 # pp 8-9. 768 # LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium: 769 # Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121. 770 # Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references. 771 # The 1918 rules are listed for completeness; they apply to unoccupied Belgium. 772 # Assume Brussels switched to WET in 1918 when the armistice took effect. 773 # 774 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 775 Rule Belgium 1918 only - Mar 9 0:00s 1:00 S 776 Rule Belgium 1918 1919 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 777 Rule Belgium 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 778 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 779 Rule Belgium 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 780 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 781 Rule Belgium 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 782 Rule Belgium 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 783 Rule Belgium 1922 1927 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 784 Rule Belgium 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00s 1:00 S 785 Rule Belgium 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 786 Rule Belgium 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 787 # DSH writes that a royal decree of 1926-02-22 specified the Sun following 3rd 788 # Sat in Apr (except if it's Easter, in which case it's one Sunday earlier), 789 # to Sun following 1st Sat in Oct, and that a royal decree of 1928-09-15 790 # changed the transition times to 02:00 GMT. 791 Rule Belgium 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 792 Rule Belgium 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 793 Rule Belgium 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 794 Rule Belgium 1928 1938 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 795 Rule Belgium 1929 only - Apr 21 2:00s 1:00 S 796 Rule Belgium 1930 only - Apr 13 2:00s 1:00 S 797 Rule Belgium 1931 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 798 Rule Belgium 1932 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 799 Rule Belgium 1933 only - Mar 26 2:00s 1:00 S 800 Rule Belgium 1934 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 801 Rule Belgium 1935 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 802 Rule Belgium 1936 only - Apr 19 2:00s 1:00 S 803 Rule Belgium 1937 only - Apr 4 2:00s 1:00 S 804 Rule Belgium 1938 only - Mar 27 2:00s 1:00 S 805 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 S 806 Rule Belgium 1939 only - Nov 19 2:00s 0 - 807 Rule Belgium 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00s 1:00 S 808 Rule Belgium 1944 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 - 809 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 810 Rule Belgium 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 811 Rule Belgium 1946 only - May 19 2:00s 1:00 S 812 Rule Belgium 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 813 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 814 Zone Europe/Brussels 0:17:30 - LMT 1880 815 0:17:30 - BMT 1892 May 1 12:00 # Brussels MT 816 0:00 - WET 1914 Nov 8 817 1:00 - CET 1916 May 1 0:00 818 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Nov 11 11:00u 819 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 20 2:00s 820 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 3 821 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 822 1:00 EU CE%sT 823 824 # Bosnia and Herzegovina 825 # See Europe/Belgrade. 826 827 # Bulgaria 828 # 829 # From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 830 # A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says: 831 # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ... 832 # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October 833 # 834 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 835 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S 836 Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 837 Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S 838 Rule Bulg 1980 only - Sep 29 1:00 0 - 839 Rule Bulg 1981 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 - 840 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 841 Zone Europe/Sofia 1:33:16 - LMT 1880 842 1:56:56 - IMT 1894 Nov 30 # Istanbul MT? 843 2:00 - EET 1942 Nov 2 3:00 844 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 845 1:00 - CET 1945 Apr 2 3:00 846 2:00 - EET 1979 Mar 31 23:00 847 2:00 Bulg EE%sT 1982 Sep 26 2:00 848 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 849 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 850 2:00 EU EE%sT 851 852 # Croatia 853 # See Europe/Belgrade. 854 855 # Cyprus 856 # Please see the 'asia' file for Asia/Nicosia. 857 858 # Czech Republic 859 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 860 Rule Czech 1945 only - Apr 8 2:00s 1:00 S 861 Rule Czech 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 862 Rule Czech 1946 only - May 6 2:00s 1:00 S 863 Rule Czech 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 864 Rule Czech 1947 only - Apr 20 2:00s 1:00 S 865 Rule Czech 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 866 Rule Czech 1949 only - Apr 9 2:00s 1:00 S 867 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 868 Zone Europe/Prague 0:57:44 - LMT 1850 869 0:57:44 - PMT 1891 Oct # Prague Mean Time 870 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 17 2:00s 871 1:00 Czech CE%sT 1979 872 1:00 EU CE%sT 873 # Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia. 874 875 # Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland 876 877 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26): 878 # http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law 879 # [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01.... 880 # The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL 881 # confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29. 882 # 883 # The EU treaty with effect from 1973: 884 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL 885 # 886 # This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes 887 # in subsequenet decrees with the law 888 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL 889 # 890 # It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have 891 # not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST 892 # changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to 893 # 1980-09-28 at 02:00. If this is true, this differs slightly from 894 # the EU rule in that DST runs to 02:00, not 03:00. We don't know 895 # when Denmark began using the EU rule correctly, but we have only 896 # confirmation of the 1980-time, so I presume it was correct in 1981: 897 # The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning 898 # working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which 899 # was suspended on that night): 900 # http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL 901 902 # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11): 903 # The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between 904 # Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two. 905 906 # From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11): 907 # Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not 908 # wall-clock time, and so the EU rules were in effect in 1980. 909 910 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 911 Rule Denmark 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 912 Rule Denmark 1916 only - Sep 30 23:00 0 - 913 Rule Denmark 1940 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 914 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 915 Rule Denmark 1945 only - Aug 15 2:00s 0 - 916 Rule Denmark 1946 only - May 1 2:00s 1:00 S 917 Rule Denmark 1946 only - Sep 1 2:00s 0 - 918 Rule Denmark 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 919 Rule Denmark 1947 only - Aug 10 2:00s 0 - 920 Rule Denmark 1948 only - May 9 2:00s 1:00 S 921 Rule Denmark 1948 only - Aug 8 2:00s 0 - 922 # 923 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 924 Zone Europe/Copenhagen 0:50:20 - LMT 1890 925 0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT 926 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 927 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 928 1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980 929 1:00 EU CE%sT 930 Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn 931 0:00 - WET 1981 932 0:00 EU WE%sT 933 # 934 # From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31): 935 # During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in 936 # East Greenland and Franz Josef Land, but we don't know their time zones. 937 # My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard. 938 # 939 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 940 # Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01, 941 # and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU 942 # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab 943 # used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU 944 # rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980. 945 946 # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing 947 # <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15), 948 # and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen: 949 # 950 # Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC 951 # is according to the following time line: 952 # 953 # The military zone near Thule UTC-4 954 # Standard Greenland time UTC-3 955 # Scoresbysund UTC-1 956 # Danmarkshavn UTC 957 # 958 # In the military area near Thule and in Danmarkshavn DST will not be 959 # introduced. 960 961 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-01): 962 # 963 # I correspond regularly with the Dansk Polarcenter, and wrote them at 964 # the time to clarify the situation in Thule. Unfortunately, I have 965 # not heard back from them regarding my recent letter. [But I have 966 # info from earlier correspondence.] 967 # 968 # According to the center, a very small local time zone around Thule 969 # Air Base keeps the time according to UTC-4, implementing daylight 970 # savings using North America rules, changing the time at 02:00 local time.... 971 # 972 # The east coast of Greenland north of the community of Scoresbysund 973 # uses UTC in the same way as in Iceland, year round, with no dst. 974 # There are just a few stations on this coast, including the 975 # Danmarkshavn ICAO weather station mentioned in your September 29th 976 # email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in 977 # Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the 978 # DPC research station at Zackenberg. 979 # 980 # Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use 981 # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab). 982 # 983 # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it 984 # includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time 985 # UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules. 986 # 987 # It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and 988 # North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators 989 # maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of 990 # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be 991 # considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this. 992 993 # From Rives McDow (2001-11-19): 994 # I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place 995 # there at 2:00 AM. 996 997 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 998 # From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT; 999 # the 1995 map as like Godthab. 1000 # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996. 1001 # startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error, 1002 # so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year. 1003 # For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules. 1004 # 1005 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1006 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1007 Rule Thule 1991 1992 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0 S 1008 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1009 Rule Thule 1993 2006 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1010 Rule Thule 2007 max - Mar Sun>=8 2:00 1:00 D 1011 Rule Thule 2007 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 1012 # 1013 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1014 Zone America/Danmarkshavn -1:14:40 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 1015 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1016 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1996 1017 0:00 - GMT 1018 Zone America/Scoresbysund -1:27:52 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Ittoqqortoormiit 1019 -2:00 - CGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1020 -2:00 C-Eur CG%sT 1981 Mar 29 1021 -1:00 EU EG%sT 1022 Zone America/Godthab -3:26:56 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Nuuk 1023 -3:00 - WGT 1980 Apr 6 2:00 1024 -3:00 EU WG%sT 1025 Zone America/Thule -4:35:08 - LMT 1916 Jul 28 # Pituffik air base 1026 -4:00 Thule A%sT 1027 1028 # Estonia 1029 # From Peter Ilieve (1994-10-15): 1030 # A relative in Tallinn confirms the accuracy of the data for 1989 onwards 1031 # [through 1994] and gives the legal authority for it, 1032 # a regulation of the Government of Estonia, No. 111 of 1989.... 1033 # 1034 # From Peter Ilieve (1996-10-28): 1035 # [IATA SSIM (1992/1996) claims that the Baltic republics switch at 01:00s, 1036 # but a relative confirms that Estonia still switches at 02:00s, writing:] 1037 # "I do not [know] exactly but there are some little different 1038 # (confusing) rules for International Air and Railway Transport Schedules 1039 # conversion in Sunday connected with end of summer time in Estonia.... 1040 # A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on 1041 # human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to 1042 # summer time next spring." 1043 1044 # From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited: 1045 # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390"> 1046 # The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law 1047 # </a> 1048 # refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between 1049 # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120). 1050 # 1051 # I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation 1052 # for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg" 1053 # (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time). 1054 1055 # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09) 1056 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1057 # This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time, 1058 # a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6.... 1059 # But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European 1060 # Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory 1061 # for all member states until 2001. Brussels has yet to decide what to do 1062 # after that. 1063 1064 # From Mart Oruaas (2000-01-29): 1065 # Regulation no. 301 (1999-10-12) obsoletes previous regulation 1066 # no. 206 (1998-09-22) and thus sticks Estonia to +02:00 GMT for all 1067 # the year round. The regulation is effective 1999-11-01. 1068 1069 # From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21): 1070 # The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics. 1071 # Now we are using again EU rules. 1072 # 1073 # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28): 1074 # The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21. 1075 1076 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1077 Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880 1078 1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time 1079 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1919 Jul 1080 1:39:00 - TMT 1921 May 1081 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 6 1082 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 15 1083 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Sep 22 1084 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar 26 2:00s 1085 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep 24 2:00s 1086 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 Sep 22 1087 2:00 EU EE%sT 1999 Nov 1 1088 2:00 - EET 2002 Feb 21 1089 2:00 EU EE%sT 1090 1091 # Finland 1092 1093 # From Hannu Strang (1994-09-25 06:03:37 UTC): 1094 # Well, here in Helsinki we're just changing from summer time to regular one, 1095 # and it's supposed to change at 4am... 1096 1097 # From Janne Snabb (2010-07-15): 1098 # 1099 # I noticed that the Finland data is not accurate for years 1981 and 1982. 1100 # During these two first trial years the DST adjustment was made one hour 1101 # earlier than in forthcoming years. Starting 1983 the adjustment was made 1102 # according to the central European standards. 1103 # 1104 # This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac 1105 # Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in 1106 # Finnish) at 1107 # 1108 # <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf"> 1109 # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf 1110 # </a> 1111 # 1112 # Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings 1113 # transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills. 1114 # 1115 # This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at: 1116 # 1117 # <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401"> 1118 # http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401 1119 # </a> 1120 # 1121 # The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not 1122 # exist tonight." 1123 1124 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1125 Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1126 Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1127 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 1128 Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1129 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1130 Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31 1131 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time 1132 2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983 1133 2:00 EU EE%sT 1134 1135 # Aaland Is 1136 Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn 1137 1138 1139 # France 1140 1141 # From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20): 1142 # 1143 # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions 1144 # Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993 1145 # 1146 # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur, 1147 # Paris, 1991 1148 # 1149 # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie, 1150 # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987 1151 1152 1153 # 1154 # Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman. 1155 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1156 Rule France 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1157 Rule France 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 1158 Rule France 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 1159 Rule France 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1160 Rule France 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1161 Rule France 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1162 Rule France 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 1163 Rule France 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1164 Rule France 1921 only - Oct 25 23:00s 0 - 1165 Rule France 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1166 # DSH writes that a law of 1923-05-24 specified 3rd Sat in Apr at 23:00 to 1st 1167 # Sat in Oct at 24:00; and that in 1930, because of Easter, the transitions 1168 # were Apr 12 and Oct 5. Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1169 Rule France 1922 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 1170 Rule France 1923 only - May 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1171 Rule France 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00s 1:00 S 1172 Rule France 1925 only - Apr 4 23:00s 1:00 S 1173 Rule France 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 1174 Rule France 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 1175 Rule France 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 1176 Rule France 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 1177 Rule France 1930 only - Apr 12 23:00s 1:00 S 1178 Rule France 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1179 Rule France 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 1180 Rule France 1933 only - Mar 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1181 Rule France 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 1182 Rule France 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 1183 Rule France 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 1184 Rule France 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 1185 Rule France 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 1186 Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1187 Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1188 Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1189 # The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger 1190 # write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations. 1191 # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez, 1192 # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La 1193 # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes, 1194 # Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin, 1195 # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois, 1196 # Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie). 1197 Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1198 # Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00, 1199 # but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12), 1200 # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes 1201 # as saying 5/10/41 22hUT. 1202 Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S 1203 Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M 1204 Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S 1205 Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M 1206 Rule France 1943 only - Oct 4 3:00 1:00 S 1207 Rule France 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00 2:00 M 1208 Rule France 1944 only - Oct 8 1:00 1:00 S 1209 Rule France 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 2:00 M 1210 Rule France 1945 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 - 1211 # Shanks & Pottenger give Mar 28 2:00 and Sep 26 3:00; 1212 # go with Excoffier's 28/3/76 0hUT and 25/9/76 23hUT. 1213 Rule France 1976 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 S 1214 Rule France 1976 only - Sep 26 1:00 0 - 1215 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time, and Whitman 0:09:05, 1216 # but Howse quotes the actual French legislation as saying 0:09:21. 1217 # Go with Howse. Howse writes that the time in France was officially based 1218 # on PMT-0:09:21 until 1978-08-09, when the time base finally switched to UTC. 1219 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1220 Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 1221 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Paris MT 1222 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Jun 14 0:00; go with Excoffier and Le Corre. 1223 0:00 France WE%sT 1940 Jun 14 23:00 1224 # Le Corre says Paris stuck with occupied-France time after the liberation; 1225 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1226 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 25 1227 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1228 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1229 1:00 EU CE%sT 1230 1231 # Germany 1232 1233 # From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29): 1234 # The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische 1235 # Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916. 1236 # [See tz-link.htm for the URL.] 1237 1238 # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23): 1239 # In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by 1240 # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/"> 1241 # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>. 1242 1243 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08): 1244 # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf"> 1245 # http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf 1246 # </a> 1247 # says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20. 1248 # However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so 1249 # this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4. 1250 1251 1252 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1253 Rule Germany 1946 only - Apr 14 2:00s 1:00 S 1254 Rule Germany 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1255 Rule Germany 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1256 # http://www.ptb.de/de/org/4/44/441/salt.htm says the following transition 1257 # occurred at 3:00 MEZ, not the 2:00 MEZ given in Shanks & Pottenger. 1258 # Go with the PTB. 1259 Rule Germany 1947 only - Apr 6 3:00s 1:00 S 1260 Rule Germany 1947 only - May 11 2:00s 2:00 M 1261 Rule Germany 1947 only - Jun 29 3:00 1:00 S 1262 Rule Germany 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1263 Rule Germany 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1264 1265 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - May 24 2:00 2:00 M # Midsummer 1266 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Sep 24 3:00 1:00 S 1267 Rule SovietZone 1945 only - Nov 18 2:00s 0 - 1268 1269 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1270 Zone Europe/Berlin 0:53:28 - LMT 1893 Apr 1271 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 May 24 2:00 1272 1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946 1273 1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980 1274 1:00 EU CE%sT 1275 1276 # From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12): 1277 # Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton 1278 # Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE 1279 # (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did. 1280 # DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1, 1281 # which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin. 1282 # 1283 # Source for the time in Busingen 1980: 1284 # http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3 1285 1286 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03): 1287 # Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970. 1288 1289 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Busingen 1290 1291 # Georgia 1292 # Please see the "asia" file for Asia/Tbilisi. 1293 # Herodotus (Histories, IV.45) says Georgia north of the Phasis (now Rioni) 1294 # is in Europe. Our reference location Tbilisi is in the Asian part. 1295 1296 # Gibraltar 1297 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1298 Zone Europe/Gibraltar -0:21:24 - LMT 1880 Aug 2 0:00s 1299 0:00 GB-Eire %s 1957 Apr 14 2:00 1300 1:00 - CET 1982 1301 1:00 EU CE%sT 1302 1303 # Greece 1304 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1305 # Whitman gives 1932 Jul 5 - Nov 1; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1306 Rule Greece 1932 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 S 1307 Rule Greece 1932 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 1308 # Whitman gives 1941 Apr 25 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1309 Rule Greece 1941 only - Apr 7 0:00 1:00 S 1310 # Whitman gives 1942 Feb 2 - ?; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1311 Rule Greece 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1312 Rule Greece 1943 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 1313 Rule Greece 1943 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1314 # Whitman gives 1944 Oct 3 - Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1315 Rule Greece 1952 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1316 Rule Greece 1952 only - Nov 2 0:00 0 - 1317 Rule Greece 1975 only - Apr 12 0:00s 1:00 S 1318 Rule Greece 1975 only - Nov 26 0:00s 0 - 1319 Rule Greece 1976 only - Apr 11 2:00s 1:00 S 1320 Rule Greece 1976 only - Oct 10 2:00s 0 - 1321 Rule Greece 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 1322 Rule Greece 1977 only - Sep 26 2:00s 0 - 1323 Rule Greece 1978 only - Sep 24 4:00 0 - 1324 Rule Greece 1979 only - Apr 1 9:00 1:00 S 1325 Rule Greece 1979 only - Sep 29 2:00 0 - 1326 Rule Greece 1980 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1327 Rule Greece 1980 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 1328 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1329 Zone Europe/Athens 1:34:52 - LMT 1895 Sep 14 1330 1:34:52 - AMT 1916 Jul 28 0:01 # Athens MT 1331 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1941 Apr 30 1332 1:00 Greece CE%sT 1944 Apr 4 1333 2:00 Greece EE%sT 1981 1334 # Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981; 1335 # go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1. 1336 2:00 EU EE%sT 1337 1338 # Hungary 1339 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1340 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S 1341 Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 - 1342 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S 1343 Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 - 1344 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S 1345 Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 1346 Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S 1347 Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 - 1348 Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S 1349 Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1350 Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S 1351 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1352 Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 - 1353 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - May 23 0:00 1:00 S 1354 Rule Hungary 1954 1955 - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1355 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Jun Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1356 Rule Hungary 1956 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1357 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Jun Sun>=1 1:00 1:00 S 1358 Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 - 1359 Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S 1360 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1361 Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct 1362 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 1363 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00 1364 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 1365 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s 1366 1:00 EU CE%sT 1367 1368 # Iceland 1369 # 1370 # From Adam David (1993-11-06): 1371 # The name of the timezone in Iceland for system / mail / news purposes is GMT. 1372 # 1373 # (1993-12-05): 1374 # This material is paraphrased from the 1988 edition of the University of 1375 # Iceland Almanak. 1376 # 1377 # From January 1st, 1908 the whole of Iceland was standardised at 1 hour 1378 # behind GMT. Previously, local mean solar time was used in different parts 1379 # of Iceland, the almanak had been based on Reykjavik mean solar time which 1380 # was 1 hour and 28 minutes behind GMT. 1381 # 1382 # "first day of winter" referred to [below] means the first day of the 26 weeks 1383 # of winter, according to the old icelandic calendar that dates back to the 1384 # time the norsemen first settled Iceland. The first day of winter is always 1385 # Saturday, but is not dependent on the Julian or Gregorian calendars. 1386 # 1387 # (1993-12-10): 1388 # I have a reference from the Oxford Icelandic-English dictionary for the 1389 # beginning of winter, which ties it to the ecclesiastical calendar (and thus 1390 # to the julian/gregorian calendar) over the period in question. 1391 # the winter begins on the Saturday next before St. Luke's day 1392 # (old style), or on St. Luke's day, if a Saturday. 1393 # St. Luke's day ought to be traceable from ecclesiastical sources. "old style" 1394 # might be a reference to the Julian calendar as opposed to Gregorian, or it 1395 # might mean something else (???). 1396 # 1397 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1398 # The Iceland Almanak, Shanks & Pottenger, and Whitman disagree on many points. 1399 # We go with the Almanak, except for one claim from Shanks & Pottenger, namely 1400 # that Reykavik was 21W57 from 1837 to 1908, local mean time before that. 1401 # 1402 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1403 Rule Iceland 1917 1918 - Feb 19 23:00 1:00 S 1404 Rule Iceland 1917 only - Oct 21 1:00 0 - 1405 Rule Iceland 1918 only - Nov 16 1:00 0 - 1406 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Apr 29 23:00 1:00 S 1407 Rule Iceland 1939 only - Nov 29 2:00 0 - 1408 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S 1409 Rule Iceland 1940 only - Nov 3 2:00 0 - 1410 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Mar 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1411 Rule Iceland 1941 only - Nov 2 1:00s 0 - 1412 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Mar 8 1:00s 1:00 S 1413 Rule Iceland 1942 only - Oct 25 1:00s 0 - 1414 # 1943-1946 - first Sunday in March until first Sunday in winter 1415 Rule Iceland 1943 1946 - Mar Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1416 Rule Iceland 1943 1948 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1417 # 1947-1967 - first Sunday in April until first Sunday in winter 1418 Rule Iceland 1947 1967 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S 1419 # 1949 Oct transition delayed by 1 week 1420 Rule Iceland 1949 only - Oct 30 1:00s 0 - 1421 Rule Iceland 1950 1966 - Oct Sun>=22 1:00s 0 - 1422 Rule Iceland 1967 only - Oct 29 1:00s 0 - 1423 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1424 Zone Atlantic/Reykjavik -1:27:24 - LMT 1837 1425 -1:27:48 - RMT 1908 # Reykjavik Mean Time? 1426 -1:00 Iceland IS%sT 1968 Apr 7 1:00s 1427 0:00 - GMT 1428 1429 # Italy 1430 # 1431 # From Paul Eggert (2001-03-06): 1432 # Sicily and Sardinia each had their own time zones from 1866 to 1893, 1433 # called Palermo Time (+00:53:28) and Cagliari Time (+00:36:32). 1434 # During World War II, German-controlled Italy used German time. 1435 # But these events all occurred before the 1970 cutoff, 1436 # so record only the time in Rome. 1437 # 1438 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1439 # For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and 1440 # F. Pollastri 1441 # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html"> 1442 # Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03) 1443 # </a> 1444 # ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute 1445 # publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows: 1446 # 1447 # year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with: 1448 # 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W 1449 # 09-30 09-30 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1450 # 1917 04-01 03-31 24:00 03-31 00:00 FP & S 1451 # 09-30 09-29 24:00 09-30 01:00 FP & W 1452 # 1918 03-09 03-09 24:00 03-09 00:00 FP & S 1453 # 10-06 10-05 24:00 10-06 01:00 FP & W 1454 # 1919 03-01 03-01 24:00 03-01 00:00 FP & S 1455 # 10-04 10-04 24:00 10-04 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1456 # 1920 03-20 03-20 24:00 03-20 00:00 FP & S 1457 # 09-18 09-18 24:00 10-01 01:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1458 # 1944 04-02 04-03 02:00 S (see C-Eur) 1459 # 09-16 10-02 03:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1460 # 1945 09-14 09-16 24:00 FP; guess 24:00s 1461 # 1970 05-21 05-31 00:00 S 1462 # 09-20 09-27 00:00 S 1463 # 1464 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1465 Rule Italy 1916 only - Jun 3 0:00s 1:00 S 1466 Rule Italy 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1467 Rule Italy 1917 only - Apr 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1468 Rule Italy 1917 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1469 Rule Italy 1918 only - Mar 10 0:00s 1:00 S 1470 Rule Italy 1918 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 1471 Rule Italy 1919 only - Mar 2 0:00s 1:00 S 1472 Rule Italy 1920 only - Mar 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1473 Rule Italy 1920 only - Sep 19 0:00s 0 - 1474 Rule Italy 1940 only - Jun 15 0:00s 1:00 S 1475 Rule Italy 1944 only - Sep 17 0:00s 0 - 1476 Rule Italy 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 S 1477 Rule Italy 1945 only - Sep 15 0:00s 0 - 1478 Rule Italy 1946 only - Mar 17 2:00s 1:00 S 1479 Rule Italy 1946 only - Oct 6 2:00s 0 - 1480 Rule Italy 1947 only - Mar 16 0:00s 1:00 S 1481 Rule Italy 1947 only - Oct 5 0:00s 0 - 1482 Rule Italy 1948 only - Feb 29 2:00s 1:00 S 1483 Rule Italy 1948 only - Oct 3 2:00s 0 - 1484 Rule Italy 1966 1968 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1485 Rule Italy 1966 1969 - Sep Sun>=22 0:00 0 - 1486 Rule Italy 1969 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1487 Rule Italy 1970 only - May 31 0:00 1:00 S 1488 Rule Italy 1970 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1489 Rule Italy 1971 1972 - May Sun>=22 0:00 1:00 S 1490 Rule Italy 1971 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 1491 Rule Italy 1972 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1492 Rule Italy 1973 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 S 1493 Rule Italy 1973 1974 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1494 Rule Italy 1974 only - May 26 0:00 1:00 S 1495 Rule Italy 1975 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1496 Rule Italy 1975 1977 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1497 Rule Italy 1976 only - May 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1498 Rule Italy 1977 1979 - May Sun>=22 0:00s 1:00 S 1499 Rule Italy 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1500 Rule Italy 1979 only - Sep 30 0:00s 0 - 1501 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1502 Zone Europe/Rome 0:49:56 - LMT 1866 Sep 22 1503 0:49:56 - RMT 1893 Nov 1 0:00s # Rome Mean 1504 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1505 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Jul 1506 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1980 1507 1:00 EU CE%sT 1508 1509 Link Europe/Rome Europe/Vatican 1510 Link Europe/Rome Europe/San_Marino 1511 1512 # Latvia 1513 1514 # From Liene Kanepe (1998-09-17): 1515 1516 # I asked about this matter Scientific Secretary of the Institute of Astronomy 1517 # of The University of Latvia Dr. paed Mr. Ilgonis Vilks. I also searched the 1518 # correct data in juridical acts and I found some juridical documents about 1519 # changes in the counting of time in Latvia from 1981.... 1520 # 1521 # Act No.35 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1981-01-22 ... 1522 # according to the Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1980-10-24 1523 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1524 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on 1 April at 00:00 (GMT 31 March 21:00) 1525 # and 1 hour backward on the 1 October at 00:00 (GMT 30 September 20:00). 1526 # 1527 # Act No.592 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1984-09-24 ... 1528 # according to the Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1984-09-13 1529 # ...: all year round the time of 2nd time zone + 1 hour, in addition turning 1530 # the hands of the clock 1 hour forward on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1531 # (GMT 23:00 on the previous day) and 1 hour backward on the last Sunday of 1532 # September at 03:00 (GMT 23:00 on the previous day). 1533 # 1534 # Act No.81 of the Council of Ministers of Latvian SSR of 1989-03-22 ... 1535 # according to the Act No.227 of the Council of Ministers of USSR of 1989-03-14 1536 # ...: since the last Sunday of March 1989 in Lithuanian SSR, Latvian SSR, 1537 # Estonian SSR and Kaliningrad region of Russian Federation all year round the 1538 # time of 2nd time zone (Moscow time minus one hour). On the territory of Latvia 1539 # transition to summer time is performed on the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1540 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour forward. The end of 1541 # daylight saving time is performed on the last Sunday of September at 03:00 1542 # (GMT 00:00), turning the hands of the clock 1 hour backward. Exception is 1543 # 1989-03-26, when we must not turn the hands of the clock.... 1544 # 1545 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Republic of Latvia of 1546 # 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of 1547 # daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union. 1548 1549 # From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06): 1550 # This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in 1551 # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm"> 1552 # The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of 1553 # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only). 1554 1555 # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html"> 1556 # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow: 1557 # </a> 1558 # The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will 1559 # institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported. 1560 # Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their 1561 # clocks one hour in the spring.... 1562 # Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few 1563 # daylight hours and thus decided to comply with a draft European 1564 # Commission directive that provides for instituting daylight-saving 1565 # time in EU countries between 2002 and 2006. The Latvian government 1566 # urged Lithuania and Estonia to adopt a similar time policy, but it 1567 # appears that they will not do so.... 1568 1569 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1570 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1571 Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1572 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1573 Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880 1574 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time 1575 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer 1576 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00 1577 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00 1578 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11 1579 2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5 1580 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul 1581 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13 1582 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s 1583 2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s 1584 2:00 Latvia EE%sT 1997 Jan 21 1585 2:00 EU EE%sT 2000 Feb 29 1586 2:00 - EET 2001 Jan 2 1587 2:00 EU EE%sT 1588 1589 # Liechtenstein 1590 1591 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-09): 1592 # Shanks & Pottenger say Vaduz is like Zurich. 1593 1594 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-18): 1595 # http://www.eliechtensteinensia.li/LIJ/1978/1938-1978/1941.pdf 1596 # ... confirms on p. 6 that Liechtenstein followed Switzerland in 1941 and 1942. 1597 # I ... translate only the last two paragraphs: 1598 # ... during second world war, in the years 1941 and 1942, Liechtenstein 1599 # introduced daylight saving time, adapting to Switzerland. From 1943 on 1600 # central European time was in force throughout the year. 1601 # From a report of the duke's government to the high council, 1602 # regarding the introduction of a time law, of 31 May 1977. 1603 1604 Link Europe/Zurich Europe/Vaduz 1605 1606 1607 # Lithuania 1608 1609 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1610 # IATA SSIM (1992/1996) says Lithuania uses W-Eur rules, but since it is 1611 # known to be wrong about Estonia and Latvia, assume it's wrong here too. 1612 1613 # From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07): 1614 # I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone 1615 # (Europe/Vilnius) was changed. 1616 1617 # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29), 1618 # via Steffen Thorsen: 1619 # Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours) 1620 # to be valid here starting from October 31, 1621 # as decided by the national government on Wednesday.... 1622 # The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a 1623 # motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was 1624 # already done by Estonia. 1625 1626 # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm"> 1627 # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism 1628 # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving. 1629 1630 # From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07): 1631 # As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will 1632 # observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid 1633 # down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its 1634 # neighbour Latvia). The text of the Lithuanian government Order of 1635 # 7.XI.02 to this effect can be found at 1636 # http://www.lrvk.lt/nut/11/n1749.htm 1637 1638 1639 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1640 Zone Europe/Vilnius 1:41:16 - LMT 1880 1641 1:24:00 - WMT 1917 # Warsaw Mean Time 1642 1:35:36 - KMT 1919 Oct 10 # Kaunas Mean Time 1643 1:00 - CET 1920 Jul 12 1644 2:00 - EET 1920 Oct 9 1645 1:00 - CET 1940 Aug 3 1646 3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 24 1647 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 1648 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1649 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 1650 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1998 1651 2:00 - EET 1998 Mar 29 1:00u 1652 1:00 EU CE%sT 1999 Oct 31 1:00u 1653 2:00 - EET 2003 Jan 1 1654 2:00 EU EE%sT 1655 1656 # Luxembourg 1657 # Whitman disagrees with most of these dates in minor ways; 1658 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1659 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1660 Rule Lux 1916 only - May 14 23:00 1:00 S 1661 Rule Lux 1916 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 1662 Rule Lux 1917 only - Apr 28 23:00 1:00 S 1663 Rule Lux 1917 only - Sep 17 1:00 0 - 1664 Rule Lux 1918 only - Apr Mon>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1665 Rule Lux 1918 only - Sep Mon>=15 2:00s 0 - 1666 Rule Lux 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00 1:00 S 1667 Rule Lux 1919 only - Oct 5 3:00 0 - 1668 Rule Lux 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S 1669 Rule Lux 1920 only - Oct 24 2:00 0 - 1670 Rule Lux 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00 1:00 S 1671 Rule Lux 1921 only - Oct 26 2:00 0 - 1672 Rule Lux 1922 only - Mar 25 23:00 1:00 S 1673 Rule Lux 1922 only - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1674 Rule Lux 1923 only - Apr 21 23:00 1:00 S 1675 Rule Lux 1923 only - Oct Sun>=2 2:00 0 - 1676 Rule Lux 1924 only - Mar 29 23:00 1:00 S 1677 Rule Lux 1924 1928 - Oct Sun>=2 1:00 0 - 1678 Rule Lux 1925 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 1679 Rule Lux 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00 1:00 S 1680 Rule Lux 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00 1:00 S 1681 Rule Lux 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00 1:00 S 1682 Rule Lux 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00 1:00 S 1683 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1684 Zone Europe/Luxembourg 0:24:36 - LMT 1904 Jun 1685 1:00 Lux CE%sT 1918 Nov 25 1686 0:00 Lux WE%sT 1929 Oct 6 2:00s 1687 0:00 Belgium WE%sT 1940 May 14 3:00 1688 1:00 C-Eur WE%sT 1944 Sep 18 3:00 1689 1:00 Belgium CE%sT 1977 1690 1:00 EU CE%sT 1691 1692 # Macedonia 1693 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1694 1695 # Malta 1696 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1697 Rule Malta 1973 only - Mar 31 0:00s 1:00 S 1698 Rule Malta 1973 only - Sep 29 0:00s 0 - 1699 Rule Malta 1974 only - Apr 21 0:00s 1:00 S 1700 Rule Malta 1974 only - Sep 16 0:00s 0 - 1701 Rule Malta 1975 1979 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 1702 Rule Malta 1975 1980 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1703 Rule Malta 1980 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 1704 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1705 Zone Europe/Malta 0:58:04 - LMT 1893 Nov 2 0:00s # Valletta 1706 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s 1707 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00s 1708 1:00 Italy CE%sT 1973 Mar 31 1709 1:00 Malta CE%sT 1981 1710 1:00 EU CE%sT 1711 1712 # Moldova 1713 1714 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1715 # A previous version of this database followed Shanks & Pottenger, who write 1716 # that Tiraspol switched to Moscow time on 1992-01-19 at 02:00. 1717 # However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence 1718 # on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree). 1719 # In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area 1720 # and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time. 1721 # But [two people] separately reported via 1722 # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau. 1723 # The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now. 1724 # 1725 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17): 1726 # Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as 1727 # "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition 1728 # to the Winter Time). 1729 # 1730 # News (in Russian): 1731 # <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html"> 1732 # http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html 1733 # </a> 1734 # 1735 # <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html"> 1736 # http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html 1737 # </a> 1738 # 1739 # The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry) 1740 # is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17) 1741 # 1742 # From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19) 1743 # In addition, being situated at +4651+2938 would give Tiraspol 1744 # a pre-1880 LMT offset of 1:58:32. 1745 # 1746 # (which agrees with the earlier entry that had been removed) 1747 # 1748 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-26) 1749 # NO need to divide Moldova into two timezones at this point. 1750 # As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own 1751 # decision to abolish DST this winter. 1752 # Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- 1753 # Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011. 1754 # News from Moldova (in russian): 1755 # <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html"> 1756 # http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html 1757 # </a> 1758 1759 1760 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1761 Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880 1762 1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT 1763 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 1764 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1940 Aug 15 1765 2:00 1:00 EEST 1941 Jul 17 1766 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Aug 24 1767 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 1768 3:00 - MSK 1990 May 6 1769 2:00 - EET 1991 1770 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 1771 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 1772 # See Romania commentary for the guessed 1997 transition to EU rules. 1773 2:00 EU EE%sT 1774 1775 # Monaco 1776 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1777 # more precise 0:09:21. 1778 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1779 Zone Europe/Monaco 0:29:32 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 1780 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1781 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00 1782 1:00 France CE%sT 1977 1783 1:00 EU CE%sT 1784 1785 # Montenegro 1786 # See Europe/Belgrade. 1787 1788 # Netherlands 1789 1790 # Howse writes that the Netherlands' railways used GMT between 1892 and 1940, 1791 # but for other purposes the Netherlands used Amsterdam mean time. 1792 1793 # However, Robert H. van Gent writes (2001-04-01): 1794 # Howse's statement is only correct up to 1909. From 1909-05-01 (00:00:00 1795 # Amsterdam mean time) onwards, the whole of the Netherlands (including 1796 # the Dutch railways) was required by law to observe Amsterdam mean time 1797 # (19 minutes 32.13 seconds ahead of GMT). This had already been the 1798 # common practice (except for the railways) for many decades but it was 1799 # not until 1909 when the Dutch government finally defined this by law. 1800 # On 1937-07-01 this was changed to 20 minutes (exactly) ahead of GMT and 1801 # was generally known as Dutch Time ("Nederlandse Tijd"). 1802 # 1803 # (2001-04-08): 1804 # 1892-05-01 was the date when the Dutch railways were by law required to 1805 # observe GMT while the remainder of the Netherlands adhered to the common 1806 # practice of following Amsterdam mean time. 1807 # 1808 # (2001-04-09): 1809 # In 1835 the authorities of the province of North Holland requested the 1810 # municipal authorities of the towns and cities in the province to observe 1811 # Amsterdam mean time but I do not know in how many cases this request was 1812 # actually followed. 1813 # 1814 # From 1852 onwards the Dutch telegraph offices were by law required to 1815 # observe Amsterdam mean time. As the time signals from the observatory of 1816 # Leiden were also distributed by the telegraph system, I assume that most 1817 # places linked up with the telegraph (and railway) system automatically 1818 # adopted Amsterdam mean time. 1819 # 1820 # Although the early Dutch railway companies initially observed a variety 1821 # of times, most of them had adopted Amsterdam mean time by 1858 but it 1822 # was not until 1866 when they were all required by law to observe 1823 # Amsterdam mean time. 1824 1825 # The data before 1945 are taken from 1826 # <http://www.phys.uu.nl/~vgent/wettijd/wettijd.htm>. 1827 1828 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1829 Rule Neth 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 NST # Netherlands Summer Time 1830 Rule Neth 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 AMT # Amsterdam Mean Time 1831 Rule Neth 1917 only - Apr 16 2:00s 1:00 NST 1832 Rule Neth 1917 only - Sep 17 2:00s 0 AMT 1833 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1834 Rule Neth 1918 1921 - Sep lastMon 2:00s 0 AMT 1835 Rule Neth 1922 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1836 Rule Neth 1922 1936 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 AMT 1837 Rule Neth 1923 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1838 Rule Neth 1924 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 NST 1839 Rule Neth 1925 only - Jun Fri>=1 2:00s 1:00 NST 1840 # From 1926 through 1939 DST began 05-15, except that it was delayed by a week 1841 # in years when 05-15 fell in the Pentecost weekend. 1842 Rule Neth 1926 1931 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1843 Rule Neth 1932 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1844 Rule Neth 1933 1936 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 NST 1845 Rule Neth 1937 only - May 22 2:00s 1:00 NST 1846 Rule Neth 1937 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 S 1847 Rule Neth 1937 1939 - Oct Sun>=2 2:00s 0 - 1848 Rule Neth 1938 1939 - May 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1849 Rule Neth 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1850 Rule Neth 1945 only - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1851 # 1852 # Amsterdam Mean Time was +00:19:32.13 exactly, but the .13 is omitted 1853 # below because the current format requires GMTOFF to be an integer. 1854 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1855 Zone Europe/Amsterdam 0:19:32 - LMT 1835 1856 0:19:32 Neth %s 1937 Jul 1 1857 0:20 Neth NE%sT 1940 May 16 0:00 # Dutch Time 1858 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1859 1:00 Neth CE%sT 1977 1860 1:00 EU CE%sT 1861 1862 # Norway 1863 # http://met.no/met/met_lex/q_u/sommertid.html (2004-01) agrees with Shanks & 1864 # Pottenger. 1865 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1866 Rule Norway 1916 only - May 22 1:00 1:00 S 1867 Rule Norway 1916 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1868 Rule Norway 1945 only - Apr 2 2:00s 1:00 S 1869 Rule Norway 1945 only - Oct 1 2:00s 0 - 1870 Rule Norway 1959 1964 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 S 1871 Rule Norway 1959 1965 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 1872 Rule Norway 1965 only - Apr 25 2:00s 1:00 S 1873 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1874 Zone Europe/Oslo 0:43:00 - LMT 1895 Jan 1 1875 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1940 Aug 10 23:00 1876 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00 1877 1:00 Norway CE%sT 1980 1878 1:00 EU CE%sT 1879 1880 # Svalbard & Jan Mayen 1881 1882 # From Steffen Thorsen (2001-05-01): 1883 # Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and 1884 # Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the 1885 # time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared 1886 # as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan 1887 # Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From 1888 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and 1889 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation 1890 # for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came 1891 # into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a 1892 # part of this law since 1925/1930. (From 1893 # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been 1894 # able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100) 1895 # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by 1896 # Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever 1897 # since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since 1898 # before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere 1899 # between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive). 1900 1901 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-04): 1902 # 1903 # Actually, Jan Mayen was never occupied by Germany during World War II, 1904 # so it must have diverged from Oslo time during the war, as Oslo was 1905 # keeping Berlin time. 1906 # 1907 # <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists 1908 # burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in 1909 # 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite 1910 # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a 1911 # radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly 1912 # the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that 1913 # Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules. 1914 # 1915 # Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an 1916 # Allied party that evacuated the civilian population to England (says 1917 # <http://www.bartleby.com/65/sv/Svalbard.html>). The Svalbard FAQ 1918 # <http://www.svalbard.com/SvalbardFAQ.html> says that the Germans were 1919 # expelled on 1942-05-14. However, small parties of Germans did return, 1920 # and according to Wilhelm Dege's book "War North of 80" (1954) 1921 # <http://www.ucalgary.ca/UofC/departments/UP/1-55238/1-55238-110-2.html> 1922 # the German armed forces at the Svalbard weather station code-named 1923 # Haudegen did not surrender to the Allies until September 1945. 1924 # 1925 # All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo 1926 # for these regions. 1927 Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen 1928 1929 # Poland 1930 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1931 Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 - 1932 Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S 1933 Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S 1934 # Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1935 Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1936 # For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1937 Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S 1938 Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1939 # For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski, 1940 # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U., 1941 # <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1> 1942 # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference. 1943 # He also gives these further references: 1944 # Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm> 1945 # Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf> 1946 Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S 1947 Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 - 1948 Rule Poland 1947 only - May 4 2:00s 1:00 S 1949 Rule Poland 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 1950 Rule Poland 1948 only - Apr 18 2:00s 1:00 S 1951 Rule Poland 1949 only - Apr 10 2:00s 1:00 S 1952 Rule Poland 1957 only - Jun 2 1:00s 1:00 S 1953 Rule Poland 1957 1958 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1954 Rule Poland 1958 only - Mar 30 1:00s 1:00 S 1955 Rule Poland 1959 only - May 31 1:00s 1:00 S 1956 Rule Poland 1959 1961 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00s 0 - 1957 Rule Poland 1960 only - Apr 3 1:00s 1:00 S 1958 Rule Poland 1961 1964 - May lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 1959 Rule Poland 1962 1964 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 1960 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1961 Zone Europe/Warsaw 1:24:00 - LMT 1880 1962 1:24:00 - WMT 1915 Aug 5 # Warsaw Mean Time 1963 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918 Sep 16 3:00 1964 2:00 Poland EE%sT 1922 Jun 1965 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1940 Jun 23 2:00 1966 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 1967 1:00 Poland CE%sT 1977 1968 1:00 W-Eur CE%sT 1988 1969 1:00 EU CE%sT 1970 1971 # Portugal 1972 # 1973 # From Rui Pedro Salgueiro (1992-11-12): 1974 # Portugal has recently (September, 27) changed timezone 1975 # (from WET to MET or CET) to harmonize with EEC. 1976 # 1977 # Martin Bruckmann (1996-02-29) reports via Peter Ilieve 1978 # that Portugal is reverting to 0:00 by not moving its clocks this spring. 1979 # The new Prime Minister was fed up with getting up in the dark in the winter. 1980 # 1981 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-12): 1982 # IATA SSIM (1991-09) reports several 1991-09 and 1992-09 transitions 1983 # at 02:00u, not 01:00u. Assume that these are typos. 1984 # IATA SSIM (1991/1992) reports that the Azores were at -1:00. 1985 # IATA SSIM (1993-02) says +0:00; later issues (through 1996-09) say -1:00. 1986 # Guess that the Azores changed to EU rules in 1992 (since that's when Portugal 1987 # harmonized with the EU), and that they stayed +0:00 that winter. 1988 # 1989 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1990 # DSH writes that despite Decree 1,469 (1915), the change to the clocks was not 1991 # done every year, depending on what Spain did, because of railroad schedules. 1992 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1993 Rule Port 1916 only - Jun 17 23:00 1:00 S 1994 # Whitman gives 1916 Oct 31; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 1995 Rule Port 1916 only - Nov 1 1:00 0 - 1996 Rule Port 1917 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 1997 Rule Port 1917 1921 - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 1998 Rule Port 1918 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 1999 Rule Port 1919 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2000 Rule Port 1920 only - Feb 29 23:00s 1:00 S 2001 Rule Port 1921 only - Feb 28 23:00s 1:00 S 2002 Rule Port 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2003 Rule Port 1924 only - Oct 14 23:00s 0 - 2004 Rule Port 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2005 Rule Port 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2006 Rule Port 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2007 Rule Port 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2008 Rule Port 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2009 Rule Port 1931 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2010 # Whitman gives 1931 Oct 8; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2011 Rule Port 1931 1932 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2012 Rule Port 1932 only - Apr 2 23:00s 1:00 S 2013 Rule Port 1934 only - Apr 7 23:00s 1:00 S 2014 # Whitman gives 1934 Oct 5; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2015 Rule Port 1934 1938 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2016 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1935 Apr 30; go with Whitman. 2017 Rule Port 1935 only - Mar 30 23:00s 1:00 S 2018 Rule Port 1936 only - Apr 18 23:00s 1:00 S 2019 # Whitman gives 1937 Apr 2; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2020 Rule Port 1937 only - Apr 3 23:00s 1:00 S 2021 Rule Port 1938 only - Mar 26 23:00s 1:00 S 2022 Rule Port 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2023 # Whitman gives 1939 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2024 Rule Port 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 2025 Rule Port 1940 only - Feb 24 23:00s 1:00 S 2026 # Shanks & Pottenger give 1940 Oct 7; go with Whitman. 2027 Rule Port 1940 1941 - Oct 5 23:00s 0 - 2028 Rule Port 1941 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2029 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Mar Sat>=8 23:00s 1:00 S 2030 Rule Port 1942 only - Apr 25 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2031 Rule Port 1942 only - Aug 15 22:00s 1:00 S 2032 Rule Port 1942 1945 - Oct Sat>=24 23:00s 0 - 2033 Rule Port 1943 only - Apr 17 22:00s 2:00 M 2034 Rule Port 1943 1945 - Aug Sat>=25 22:00s 1:00 S 2035 Rule Port 1944 1945 - Apr Sat>=21 22:00s 2:00 M 2036 Rule Port 1946 only - Apr Sat>=1 23:00s 1:00 S 2037 Rule Port 1946 only - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2038 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2039 Rule Port 1947 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2040 # Shanks & Pottenger say DST was observed in 1950; go with Whitman. 2041 # Whitman gives Oct lastSun for 1952 on; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2042 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 S 2043 Rule Port 1951 1965 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 2044 Rule Port 1977 only - Mar 27 0:00s 1:00 S 2045 Rule Port 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00s 0 - 2046 Rule Port 1978 1979 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00s 1:00 S 2047 Rule Port 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 2048 Rule Port 1979 1982 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2049 Rule Port 1980 only - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2050 Rule Port 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2051 Rule Port 1983 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2052 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2053 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition from LMT to WET occurred 1911-05-24; 2054 # Willett says 1912-01-01. Go with Willett. 2055 Zone Europe/Lisbon -0:36:32 - LMT 1884 2056 -0:36:32 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 # Lisbon Mean Time 2057 0:00 Port WE%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 2058 1:00 - CET 1976 Sep 26 1:00 2059 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2060 0:00 W-Eur WE%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2061 1:00 EU CE%sT 1996 Mar 31 1:00u 2062 0:00 EU WE%sT 2063 Zone Atlantic/Azores -1:42:40 - LMT 1884 # Ponta Delgada 2064 -1:54:32 - HMT 1911 May 24 # Horta Mean Time 2065 -2:00 Port AZO%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Azores Time 2066 -1:00 Port AZO%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2067 -1:00 W-Eur AZO%sT 1992 Sep 27 1:00s 2068 0:00 EU WE%sT 1993 Mar 28 1:00u 2069 -1:00 EU AZO%sT 2070 Zone Atlantic/Madeira -1:07:36 - LMT 1884 # Funchal 2071 -1:07:36 - FMT 1911 May 24 # Funchal Mean Time 2072 -1:00 Port MAD%sT 1966 Apr 3 2:00 # Madeira Time 2073 0:00 Port WE%sT 1983 Sep 25 1:00s 2074 0:00 EU WE%sT 2075 2076 # Romania 2077 # 2078 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07): 2079 # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html"> 2080 # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at 2081 # 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info, 2082 # assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997, 2083 # the same year as Bulgaria. 2084 # 2085 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2086 Rule Romania 1932 only - May 21 0:00s 1:00 S 2087 Rule Romania 1932 1939 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00s 0 - 2088 Rule Romania 1933 1939 - Apr Sun>=2 0:00s 1:00 S 2089 Rule Romania 1979 only - May 27 0:00 1:00 S 2090 Rule Romania 1979 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 2091 Rule Romania 1980 only - Apr 5 23:00 1:00 S 2092 Rule Romania 1980 only - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2093 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Mar lastSun 0:00s 1:00 S 2094 Rule Romania 1991 1993 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 2095 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2096 Zone Europe/Bucharest 1:44:24 - LMT 1891 Oct 2097 1:44:24 - BMT 1931 Jul 24 # Bucharest MT 2098 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1981 Mar 29 2:00s 2099 2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991 2100 2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994 2101 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997 2102 2:00 EU EE%sT 2103 2104 # Russia 2105 2106 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15): 2107 # Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011 2108 # (Government document 2109 # <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/"> 2110 # http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/ 2111 # </a> 2112 # in Russian) 2113 # there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones... 2114 # All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English 2115 # by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below: 2116 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm"> 2117 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm 2118 # </a> 2119 2120 # From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27): 2121 # Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at: 2122 # <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966"> 2123 # http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966 2124 # They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian). 2125 2126 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2127 # Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia 2128 # changed in September 2011: 2129 # 2130 # One source is 2131 # < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/> 2132 # http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/ 2133 # </a> 2134 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31, 2135 # 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information. 2136 # 2137 # Another source is 2138 # <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html"> 2139 # http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html 2140 # </a> 2141 # which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the 2142 # Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also 2143 # contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on: 2144 # in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which 2145 # does not contain any "effective date" information. 2146 # 2147 # Another source is 2148 # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7"> 2149 # http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7 2150 # </a> 2151 # which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011... 2152 # Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2153 # but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011. 2154 # 2155 # The Wikipedia article refers to 2156 # <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896"> 2157 # http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896 2158 # </a> 2159 # which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page. 2160 # 2161 # Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's 2162 # "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication" 2163 # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get 2164 # September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes). 2165 # 2166 # None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks. 2167 # 2168 # Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s. 2169 2170 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2171 # Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations. 2172 # Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991, 2173 # are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger, 2174 # except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat 2175 # 23:00, not Sun 02:00s. 2176 # 2177 # From Stanislaw A. Kuzikowski (1994-06-29): 2178 # But now it is some months since Novosibirsk is 3 hours ahead of Moscow! 2179 # I do not know why they have decided to make this change; 2180 # as far as I remember it was done exactly during winter->summer switching 2181 # so we (Novosibirsk) simply did not switch. 2182 # 2183 # From Andrey A. Chernov (1996-10-04): 2184 # 'MSK' and 'MSD' were born and used initially on Moscow computers with 2185 # UNIX-like OSes by several developer groups (e.g. Demos group, Kiae group).... 2186 # The next step was the UUCP network, the Relcom predecessor 2187 # (used mainly for mail), and MSK/MSD was actively used there. 2188 # 2189 # From Chris Carrier (1996-10-30): 2190 # According to a friend of mine who rode the Trans-Siberian Railroad from 2191 # Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ... 2192 # still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located. 2193 # 2194 # For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from 2195 # John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07): 2196 # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was 2197 # time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with 2198 # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began 2199 # enforcing curfew at the wrong time. 2200 # 2201 # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05): 2202 # There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in 2203 # UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the 2204 # SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan 2205 # until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok 2206 # since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are 2207 # administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have 2208 # remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan. 2209 # 2210 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2211 # 2212 # Kaliningradskaya oblast'. 2213 Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr 2214 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2215 2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946 2216 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2217 2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2218 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time 2219 # 2220 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2221 # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast', 2222 # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast', 2223 # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast', 2224 # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya, 2225 # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya, 2226 # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya, 2227 # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi, 2228 # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast', 2229 # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El, 2230 # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast', 2231 # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2232 # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast', 2233 # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast', 2234 # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg, 2235 # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast', 2236 # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan, 2237 # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast', 2238 # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast', 2239 # Yaroslavskaya oblast' 2240 Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880 2241 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time 2242 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2243 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct 2244 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2245 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2246 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2247 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2248 4:00 - MSK 2249 # 2250 # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast', 2251 # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 2252 # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the 2253 # others? But we have no data. 2254 Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3 2255 3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time 2256 3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time 2257 4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11 2258 4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T 2259 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2260 4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s 2261 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2262 4:00 - VOLT 2263 # 2264 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2265 # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika 2266 Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00 2267 3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 2268 4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27 2269 4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev 2270 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2271 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s 2272 3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00 2273 4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time 2274 3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2275 4:00 - SAMT 2276 2277 # 2278 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2279 # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug, 2280 # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast', 2281 # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast', 2282 # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast', 2283 # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2284 Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00 2285 4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time 2286 5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2287 4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2288 5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2289 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time 2290 # 2291 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2292 # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'. 2293 Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14 2294 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme 2295 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2296 5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2297 6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2298 7:00 - OMST 2299 # 2300 # From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's 2301 # not clear when it switched from +7 to +6. 2302 # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'. 2303 Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00 2304 6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time 2305 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2306 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2307 7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P. 2308 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2309 7:00 - NOVT 2310 2311 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13): 2312 # Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on 2313 # March 28, 2010: 2314 # from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700 2315 # to Russia Zone 5 - Novosibirsk Time Zone (NOV) UTC +0600 2316 # 2317 # This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September 2318 # 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth 2319 # time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600) 2320 # 2321 # Russian Government web site (Russian language) 2322 # <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv"> 2323 # http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm 2324 # </a> 2325 # or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference 2326 # map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010 2327 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html"> 2328 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html 2329 # </a> 2330 # 2331 # Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010 2332 # Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock. 2333 # 2334 # As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as 2335 # Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic. 2336 2337 Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6 2338 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2339 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2340 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2341 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2342 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2343 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time 2344 2345 # 2346 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2347 # Krasnoyarskij kraj, 2348 # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug, 2349 # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2350 Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6 2351 6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time 2352 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2353 6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2354 7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2355 8:00 - KRAT 2356 # 2357 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2358 # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast', 2359 # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2360 Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880 2361 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time 2362 7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time 2363 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2364 7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2365 8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2366 9:00 - IRKT 2367 # 2368 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2369 # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast', 2370 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'. 2371 2372 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2373 # ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005... 2374 # Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name. 2375 # YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj. 2376 2377 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2378 # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij, 2379 # Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj, 2380 # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij, 2381 # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij, 2382 # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij, 2383 # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij. 2384 2385 Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2386 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2387 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2388 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2389 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2390 10:00 - YAKT 2391 # 2392 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2393 # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj, 2394 # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2395 2396 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2397 # The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij. 2398 Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15 2399 9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time 2400 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2401 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2402 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2403 11:00 - VLAT 2404 2405 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2406 # Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time 2407 # in 2011. 2408 # 2409 # From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25): 2410 # Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time. 2411 # Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004. 2412 # This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info. 2413 # 2414 Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2415 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2416 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2417 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2418 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004 2419 10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2420 11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2421 10:00 - YAKT 2422 2423 # 2424 # Sakhalinskaya oblast'. 2425 # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long. 2426 Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23 2427 9:00 - CJT 1938 2428 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25 2429 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T. 2430 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2431 11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s 2432 10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2433 11:00 - SAKT 2434 # 2435 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of] 2436 # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya). 2437 # Probably also: Kuril Islands. 2438 2439 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29): 2440 # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij, 2441 # Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij. 2442 Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2443 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time 2444 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2445 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2446 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2447 12:00 - MAGT 2448 2449 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09): 2450 # Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from 2451 # Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011. 2452 Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15 2453 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time 2454 9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1 2455 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2456 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2457 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2458 12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725? 2459 11:00 - VLAT 2460 2461 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of] 2462 # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug. 2463 # 2464 # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long. 2465 Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10 2466 11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time 2467 12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2468 11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2469 12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2470 11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2471 12:00 - PETT 2472 # 2473 # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug 2474 Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2 2475 12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time 2476 13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s 2477 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2478 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s 2479 12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s 2480 11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s 2481 12:00 - ANAT 2482 2483 # San Marino 2484 # See Europe/Rome. 2485 2486 # Serbia 2487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2488 Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884 2489 1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00 2490 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 2491 1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s 2492 1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s 2493 # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of 2494 # transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time. 2495 # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj. 2496 1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27 2497 1:00 EU CE%sT 2498 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia 2499 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro 2500 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina 2501 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Skopje # Macedonia 2502 Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Zagreb # Croatia 2503 2504 # Slovakia 2505 Link Europe/Prague Europe/Bratislava 2506 2507 # Slovenia 2508 # See Europe/Belgrade. 2509 2510 # Spain 2511 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2512 # For 1917-1919 Whitman gives Apr Sat>=1 - Oct Sat>=1; 2513 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2514 Rule Spain 1917 only - May 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2515 Rule Spain 1917 1919 - Oct 6 23:00s 0 - 2516 Rule Spain 1918 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2517 Rule Spain 1919 only - Apr 5 23:00s 1:00 S 2518 # Whitman gives 1921 Feb 28 - Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2519 Rule Spain 1924 only - Apr 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2520 # Whitman gives 1924 Oct 14; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2521 Rule Spain 1924 only - Oct 4 23:00s 0 - 2522 Rule Spain 1926 only - Apr 17 23:00s 1:00 S 2523 # Whitman says no DST in 1929; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2524 Rule Spain 1926 1929 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2525 Rule Spain 1927 only - Apr 9 23:00s 1:00 S 2526 Rule Spain 1928 only - Apr 14 23:00s 1:00 S 2527 Rule Spain 1929 only - Apr 20 23:00s 1:00 S 2528 # Whitman gives 1937 Jun 16, 1938 Apr 16, 1940 Apr 13; 2529 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2530 Rule Spain 1937 only - May 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2531 Rule Spain 1937 1939 - Oct Sat>=1 23:00s 0 - 2532 Rule Spain 1938 only - Mar 22 23:00s 1:00 S 2533 Rule Spain 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 2534 Rule Spain 1940 only - Mar 16 23:00s 1:00 S 2535 # Whitman says no DST 1942-1945; go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2536 Rule Spain 1942 only - May 2 22:00s 2:00 M # Midsummer 2537 Rule Spain 1942 only - Sep 1 22:00s 1:00 S 2538 Rule Spain 1943 1946 - Apr Sat>=13 22:00s 2:00 M 2539 Rule Spain 1943 only - Oct 3 22:00s 1:00 S 2540 Rule Spain 1944 only - Oct 10 22:00s 1:00 S 2541 Rule Spain 1945 only - Sep 30 1:00 1:00 S 2542 Rule Spain 1946 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2543 Rule Spain 1949 only - Apr 30 23:00 1:00 S 2544 Rule Spain 1949 only - Sep 30 1:00 0 - 2545 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Apr Sat>=13 23:00 1:00 S 2546 Rule Spain 1974 1975 - Oct Sun>=1 1:00 0 - 2547 Rule Spain 1976 only - Mar 27 23:00 1:00 S 2548 Rule Spain 1976 1977 - Sep lastSun 1:00 0 - 2549 Rule Spain 1977 1978 - Apr 2 23:00 1:00 S 2550 Rule Spain 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2551 # The following rules are copied from Morocco from 1967 through 1978. 2552 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 2553 Rule SpainAfrica 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2554 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 2555 Rule SpainAfrica 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2556 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2557 Rule SpainAfrica 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2558 Rule SpainAfrica 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2559 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2560 Rule SpainAfrica 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 2561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2562 Zone Europe/Madrid -0:14:44 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 0:00s 2563 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1946 Sep 30 2564 1:00 Spain CE%sT 1979 2565 1:00 EU CE%sT 2566 Zone Africa/Ceuta -0:21:16 - LMT 1901 2567 0:00 - WET 1918 May 6 23:00 2568 0:00 1:00 WEST 1918 Oct 7 23:00 2569 0:00 - WET 1924 2570 0:00 Spain WE%sT 1929 2571 0:00 SpainAfrica WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 2572 1:00 - CET 1986 2573 1:00 EU CE%sT 2574 Zone Atlantic/Canary -1:01:36 - LMT 1922 Mar # Las Palmas de Gran C. 2575 -1:00 - CANT 1946 Sep 30 1:00 # Canaries Time 2576 0:00 - WET 1980 Apr 6 0:00s 2577 0:00 1:00 WEST 1980 Sep 28 0:00s 2578 0:00 EU WE%sT 2579 # IATA SSIM (1996-09) says the Canaries switch at 2:00u, not 1:00u. 2580 # Ignore this for now, as the Canaries are part of the EU. 2581 2582 # Sweden 2583 2584 # From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger: 2585 # 2586 # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879: 2587 # From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all 2588 # places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at 2589 # three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the 2590 # meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31. 2591 # 2592 # The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30" 2593 # eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the 2594 # national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT.... 2595 # 2596 # About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk 2597 # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning 2598 # of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at 2599 # the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English 2600 # observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west 2601 # from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 2602 # 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time 2603 # in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT. 2604 # 2605 # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states 2606 # that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is 2607 # pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00.... 2608 # Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later". 2609 # 2610 # The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish 2611 # Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are 2612 # not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available 2613 # in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type 2614 # "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click 2615 # the Sok-button). 2616 # 2617 # (2001-05-13): 2618 # 2619 # I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00 2620 # summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show 2621 # 1916-10-01 00:00 standard time. The article also reports that some 2622 # people thought the switch to standard time would take place already 2623 # at 1916-10-01 00:00 summer time, but they had to wait for another 2624 # hour before the event took place. 2625 # 2626 # Source: The newspaper "Dagens Nyheter", 1916-10-01, page 7 upper left. 2627 2628 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2629 Zone Europe/Stockholm 1:12:12 - LMT 1879 Jan 1 2630 1:00:14 - SET 1900 Jan 1 # Swedish Time 2631 1:00 - CET 1916 May 14 23:00 2632 1:00 1:00 CEST 1916 Oct 1 01:00 2633 1:00 - CET 1980 2634 1:00 EU CE%sT 2635 2636 # Switzerland 2637 # From Howse: 2638 # By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace 2639 # and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep 2640 # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 .... 2641 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2642 # From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"): 2643 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S 2644 # Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 - 2645 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2646 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 2647 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 2648 2649 # From Alois Treindl (2008-12-17): 2650 # I have researched the DST usage in Switzerland during the 1940ies. 2651 # 2652 # As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values 2653 # to be wrong. This is now verified. 2654 # 2655 # I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal 2656 # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss 2657 # federal law collection)... 2658 # 2659 # DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am 2660 # DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am. 2661 # 2662 # DST began on Monday, 4 May 1942 at 01:00 am 2663 # DST ended on Monday, 5 Oct 1942 at 02:00 am 2664 # 2665 # There was no DST in 1940, I have checked the law collection carefully. 2666 # It is also indicated by the fact that the 1942 entry in the law 2667 # collection points back to 1941 as a reference, but no reference to any 2668 # other years are made. 2669 # 2670 # Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported 2671 # about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous 2672 # night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such 2673 # a thing had happened in Switzerland. 2674 # 2675 # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de 2676 # l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is 2677 # false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled 2678 # by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time. 2679 # 2680 # The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to: 2681 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2682 # Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2683 # 2684 # The 1940 rules must be deleted. 2685 # 2686 # One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for 2687 # most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ... 2688 # describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of 2689 # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not 2690 # follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time. 2691 # To represent this, an extra zone would be needed. 2692 # 2693 # From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11): 2694 # The Federal regulations say 2695 # http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html 2696 # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50". 2697 # Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s. 2698 2699 # From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11): 2700 # the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893) 2701 # <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ... 2702 # clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight 2703 # but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one 2704 # hour before the beginning of service. 2705 2706 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-11): 2707 # Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46. 2708 # 2709 # We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland 2710 # except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book: 2711 # 2712 # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und 2713 # Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995, 2714 # ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797. 2715 # 2716 # suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not 2717 # agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the 2718 # most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the 2719 # "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on 2720 # 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16 2721 # (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in 2722 # practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph 2723 # offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso" 2724 # (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on 2725 # 1853-07-16, though it probably occurred at some other date in Zurich, and 2726 # legal civil time probably changed at still some other transition date. 2727 2728 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2729 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - May Mon>=1 1:00 1:00 S 2730 Rule Swiss 1941 1942 - Oct Mon>=1 2:00 0 - 2731 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2732 Zone Europe/Zurich 0:34:08 - LMT 1853 Jul 16 # See above comment. 2733 0:29:46 - BMT 1894 Jun # Bern Mean Time 2734 1:00 Swiss CE%sT 1981 2735 1:00 EU CE%sT 2736 2737 # Turkey 2738 2739 # From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03): 2740 # The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now. 2741 # ... The latest rules are available at - 2742 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107 2743 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03): 2744 # I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that 2745 # DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure 2746 # what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001: 2747 # http://newspot.byegm.gov.tr/arsiv/1996/21/N4.htm 2748 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING97/03/97X03X25.TXT 2749 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING98/03/98X03X02.HTM 2750 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING99/10/99X10X26.HTM#%2016 2751 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2000/03/00X03X06.HTM#%2021 2752 # http://www.byegm.gov.tr/YAYINLARIMIZ/CHR/ING2001/03/23x03x01.HTM#%2027 2753 # From Paul Eggert (2007-01-03): 2754 # Prefer the above source to Shanks & Pottenger for time stamps after 1990. 2755 2756 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-03-09): 2757 # Starting 2007 though, it seems that they are adopting EU's 1:00 UTC 2758 # start/end time, according to the following page (2007-03-07): 2759 # http://www.ntvmsnbc.com/news/402029.asp 2760 # The official document is located here - it is in Turkish...: 2761 # http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm 2762 # I was able to locate the following seemingly official document 2763 # (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006: 2764 # http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm 2765 2766 # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10): 2767 # 2768 # According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer 2769 # time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27. 2770 # This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th. 2771 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872 2772 # Turkish: 2773 # http://www.hurriyet.com.tr/ekonomi/17230464.asp?gid=373 2774 2775 # From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14): 2776 # The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the 2777 # Turkish Local election.... 2778 # http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik 2779 # ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m. 2780 # From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17): 2781 # Here is an English-language source: 2782 # http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31 2783 2784 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2785 Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2786 Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2787 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 2788 Rule Turkey 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 2789 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 2790 Rule Turkey 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 2791 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2792 Rule Turkey 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2793 # Whitman gives 1923 Apr 28 - Sep 16 and no DST in 1924-1925; 2794 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2795 Rule Turkey 1924 only - May 13 0:00 1:00 S 2796 Rule Turkey 1924 1925 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2797 Rule Turkey 1925 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2798 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Jun 30 0:00 1:00 S 2799 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Oct 5 0:00 0 - 2800 Rule Turkey 1940 only - Dec 1 0:00 1:00 S 2801 Rule Turkey 1941 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2802 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2803 # Whitman omits the next two transition and gives 1945 Oct 1; 2804 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 2805 Rule Turkey 1942 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2806 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 S 2807 Rule Turkey 1945 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2808 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2809 Rule Turkey 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2810 Rule Turkey 1947 1948 - Apr Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 2811 Rule Turkey 1947 1950 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2812 Rule Turkey 1949 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 2813 Rule Turkey 1950 only - Apr 19 0:00 1:00 S 2814 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 2815 Rule Turkey 1951 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2816 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 2817 Rule Turkey 1962 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 2818 Rule Turkey 1964 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 2819 Rule Turkey 1964 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2820 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - May Sun>=2 0:00 1:00 S 2821 Rule Turkey 1970 1972 - Oct Sun>=2 0:00 0 - 2822 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Jun 3 1:00 1:00 S 2823 Rule Turkey 1973 only - Nov 4 3:00 0 - 2824 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2825 Rule Turkey 1974 only - Nov 3 5:00 0 - 2826 Rule Turkey 1975 only - Mar 30 0:00 1:00 S 2827 Rule Turkey 1975 1976 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 2828 Rule Turkey 1976 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2829 Rule Turkey 1977 1978 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2830 Rule Turkey 1977 only - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 2831 Rule Turkey 1979 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 3:00 1:00 S 2832 Rule Turkey 1979 1982 - Oct Mon>=11 0:00 0 - 2833 Rule Turkey 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 3:00 1:00 S 2834 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Jul 31 0:00 1:00 S 2835 Rule Turkey 1983 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 2836 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 S 2837 Rule Turkey 1985 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 2838 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 2839 Rule Turkey 1986 1990 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 2840 Rule Turkey 1991 2006 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 S 2841 Rule Turkey 1991 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2842 Rule Turkey 1996 2006 - Oct lastSun 1:00s 0 - 2843 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2844 Zone Europe/Istanbul 1:55:52 - LMT 1880 2845 1:56:56 - IMT 1910 Oct # Istanbul Mean Time? 2846 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 1978 Oct 15 2847 3:00 Turkey TR%sT 1985 Apr 20 # Turkey Time 2848 2:00 Turkey EE%sT 2007 2849 2:00 EU EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 1:00u 2850 2:00 - EET 2011 Mar 28 1:00u 2851 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 1:00u 2852 2:00 - EET 2014 Mar 31 1:00u 2853 2:00 EU EE%sT 2854 Link Europe/Istanbul Asia/Istanbul # Istanbul is in both continents. 2855 2856 # Ukraine 2857 # 2858 # From Igor Karpov, who works for the Ukrainian Ministry of Justice, 2859 # via Garrett Wollman (2003-01-27): 2860 # BTW, I've found the official document on this matter. It's government 2861 # regulations number 509, May 13, 1996. In my poor translation it says: 2862 # "Time in Ukraine is set to second timezone (Kiev time). Each last Sunday 2863 # of March at 3am the time is changing to 4am and each last Sunday of 2864 # October the time at 4am is changing to 3am" 2865 2866 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-20): 2867 # On September 20, 2011 the deputies of the Verkhovna Rada agreed to 2868 # abolish the transfer clock to winter time. 2869 # 2870 # Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got 2871 # approval from 266 deputies. 2872 # 2873 # Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian) 2874 # http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/ 2875 # 2876 # The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian) 2877 # http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html 2878 # 2879 # Deputies cancelled the winter time (in Russian) 2880 # http://www.pravda.com.ua/rus/news/2011/09/20/6600616/ 2881 # 2882 # From Philip Pizzey (2011-10-18): 2883 # Today my Ukrainian colleagues have informed me that the 2884 # Ukrainian parliament have decided that they will go to winter 2885 # time this year after all. 2886 # 2887 # From Udo Schwedt (2011-10-18): 2888 # As far as I understand, the recent change to the Ukrainian time zone 2889 # (Europe/Kiev) to introduce permanent daylight saving time (similar 2890 # to Russia) was reverted today: 2891 # http://portal.rada.gov.ua/rada/control/en/publish/article/info_left?art_id=287324&cat_id=105995 2892 # 2893 # Also reported by Alexander Bokovoy (2011-10-18) who also noted: 2894 # The law documents themselves are at 2895 # http://w1.c1.rada.gov.ua/pls/zweb_n/webproc4_1?id=&pf3511=41484 2896 2897 # From Vladimir in Moscow via Alois Treindl re Kiev time 1991/2 (2014-02-28): 2898 # First in Ukraine they changed Time zone from UTC+3 to UTC+2 with DST: 2899 # 03 25 1990 02:00 -03.00 1 Time Zone 3 with DST 2900 # 07 01 1990 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 2901 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 18.06.1990, No. 134. 2902 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/T001500.html 2903 # 2904 # They did not end DST in September, 1990 (according to the law, 2905 # "summer time" was still in action): 2906 # 09 30 1990 03:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 2907 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 21.09.1990, No. 272. 2908 # http://search.ligazakon.ua/l_doc2.nsf/link1/KP900272.html 2909 # 2910 # Again no change in March, 1991 ("summer time" in action): 2911 # 03 31 1991 02:00 -02.00 1 Time Zone 2 with DST 2912 # 2913 # DST ended in September 1991 ("summer time" ended): 2914 # 09 29 1991 03:00 -02.00 0 Time Zone 2, no DST 2915 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 25.09.1991, No. 225. 2916 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_21/pg_iwgdoc.htm 2917 # This is an answer. 2918 # 2919 # Since 1992 they had normal DST procedure: 2920 # 03 29 1992 02:00 -02.00 1 DST started 2921 # 09 27 1992 03:00 -02.00 0 DST ended 2922 # * Ukrainian Government's Resolution of 20.03.1992, No. 139. 2923 # http://www.uazakon.com/documents/date_8u/pg_grcasa.htm 2924 2925 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2926 # Most of Ukraine since 1970 has been like Kiev. 2927 # "Kyiv" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2928 # "Kiev" is more common in English. 2929 Zone Europe/Kiev 2:02:04 - LMT 1880 2930 2:02:04 - KMT 1924 May 2 # Kiev Mean Time 2931 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2932 3:00 - MSK 1941 Sep 20 2933 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Nov 6 2934 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2935 2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00 2936 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2937 2:00 EU EE%sT 2938 # Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991. 2939 # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2940 # "Uzhgorod" is more common in English. 2941 Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct 2942 1:00 - CET 1940 2943 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 2944 1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26 2945 1:00 - CET 1945 Jun 29 2946 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2947 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2948 1:00 - CET 1991 Mar 31 3:00 2949 2:00 - EET 1992 2950 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2951 2:00 EU EE%sT 2952 # Zaporozh'ye and eastern Lugansk oblasts observed DST 1990/1991. 2953 # "Zaporizhia" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but 2954 # "Zaporozh'ye" is more common in English. Use the common English 2955 # spelling, except omit the apostrophe as it is not allowed in 2956 # portable Posix file names. 2957 Zone Europe/Zaporozhye 2:20:40 - LMT 1880 2958 2:20 - CUT 1924 May 2 # Central Ukraine T 2959 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2960 3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25 2961 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25 2962 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2963 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995 2964 2:00 EU EE%sT 2965 # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997. 2966 Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880 2967 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T 2968 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21 2969 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov 2970 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13 2971 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 2972 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00 2973 2:00 - EET 1992 2974 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2975 # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched 2976 # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections. 2977 # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened 2978 # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say 2979 # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it 2980 # changed in May. 2981 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May 2982 # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev. 2983 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s 2984 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s 2985 # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST. 2986 # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks. 2987 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997 2988 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u 2989 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17): 2990 # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014 2991 # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html 2992 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30): 2993 # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks 2994 # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial 2995 # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about. 2996 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00 2997 4:00 - MSK 2998 2999 # Vatican City 3000 # See Europe/Rome. 3001 3002 ############################################################################### 3003 3004 # One source shows that Bulgaria, Cyprus, Finland, and Greece observe DST from 3005 # the last Sunday in March to the last Sunday in September in 1986. 3006 # The source shows Romania changing a day later than everybody else. 3007 # 3008 # According to Bernard Sieloff's source, Poland is in the MET time zone but 3009 # uses the WE DST rules. The Western USSR uses EET+1 and ME DST rules. 3010 # Bernard Sieloff's source claims Romania switches on the same day, but at 3011 # 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST). It also claims that Turkey 3012 # switches on the same day, but switches on at 01:00 standard time 3013 # and off at 00:00 standard time (i.e., 01:00 DST) 3014 3015 # ... 3016 # Date: Wed, 28 Jan 87 16:56:27 -0100 3017 # From: Tom Hofmann 3018 # ... 3019 # 3020 # ...the European time rules are...standardized since 1981, when 3021 # most European coun[tr]ies started DST. Before that year, only 3022 # a few countries (UK, France, Italy) had DST, each according 3023 # to own national rules. In 1981, however, DST started on 3024 # 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following 3025 # years... 3026 # But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions 3027 # than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST 3028 # one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep 3029 # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now. 3030 # 3031 # Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the 3032 # Soviet Union (as far as I know). 3033 # 3034 # Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG, 3035 # 4002 Basle, Switzerland 3036 # ... 3037 3038 # ... 3039 # Date: Wed, 4 Feb 87 22:35:22 +0100 3040 # From: Dik T. Winter 3041 # ... 3042 # 3043 # The information from Tom Hofmann is (as far as I know) not entirely correct. 3044 # After a request from chongo at amdahl I tried to retrieve all information 3045 # about DST in Europe. I was able to find all from about 1969. 3046 # 3047 # ...standardization on DST in Europe started in about 1977 with switches on 3048 # first Sunday in April and last Sunday in September... 3049 # In 1981 UK joined Europe insofar that 3050 # the starting day for both shifted to last Sunday in March. And from 1982 3051 # the whole of Europe used DST, with switch dates April 1 and October 1 in 3052 # the Sov[i]et Union. In 1985 the SU reverted to standard Europe[a]n switch 3053 # dates... 3054 # 3055 # It should also be remembered that time-zones are not constants; e.g. 3056 # Portugal switched in 1976 from MET (or CET) to WET with DST... 3057 # Note also that though there were rules for switch dates not 3058 # all countries abided to these dates, and many individual deviations 3059 # occurred, though not since 1982 I believe. Another note: it is always 3060 # assumed that DST is 1 hour ahead of normal time, this need not be the 3061 # case; at least in the Netherlands there have been times when DST was 2 hours 3062 # in advance of normal time. 3063 # 3064 # ... 3065 # dik t. winter, cwi, amsterdam, nederland 3066 # ... 3067 3068 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 3069 # ... 3070 # Greece: Last Sunday in April to last Sunday in September (iffy on dates). 3071 # Since 1978. Change at midnight. 3072 # ... 3073 # Monaco: has same DST as France. 3074 # ...