test/sun/util/calendar/zi/tzdata/europe
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*** 19,70 ****
#
# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
# questions.
#
- # <pre>
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
! # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
# which I found in the UCLA library.
#
- # <a href="http://www.pettswoodvillage.co.uk/Daylight_Savings_William_Willett.pdf">
# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
! # </a> (1914-03)
#
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
#
! # Brazil's Departamento Servico da Hora (DSH),
! # <a href="http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm">
# History of Summer Time
! # </a> (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
--- 19,72 ----
#
# Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
# or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
# questions.
#
# This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
# 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
# This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
# go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
# tz@iana.org for general use in the future).
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-05-31):
# A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is
# Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
# San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
#
# Gwillim Law writes that a good source
# for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
# Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
# published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
# of the IATA's data after 1990.
#
+ # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
+ # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
+ #
# Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for
# entries through 1991, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards.
#
# Other sources occasionally used include:
#
# Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
# Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated),
# which I found in the UCLA library.
#
# William Willett, The Waste of Daylight, 19th edition
! # <http://cs.ucla.edu/~eggert/The-Waste-of-Daylight-19th.pdf>
! # [PDF] (1914-03)
#
# Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94
# <http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359>. He writes:
# "It is requested that corrections and additions to these tables
# may be sent to Mr. John Milne, Royal Geographical Society,
# Savile Row, London." Nowadays please email them to tz@iana.org.
#
! # Brazil's Divisão Serviço da Hora (DSHO),
# History of Summer Time
! # <http://pcdsh01.on.br/HISTHV.htm>
! # (1998-09-21, in Portuguese)
#
# I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
# the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
# Corrections are welcome!
*** 79,92 ****
# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
! # 3:00 MSK MSD Moscow
! #
! # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones, especially in Britain,
! # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
--- 81,92 ----
# 0:19:32.13 AMT NST Amsterdam, Netherlands Summer (1835-1937)*
# 0:20 NET NEST Netherlands (1937-1940)*
# 1:00 CET CEST CEMT Central Europe
# 1:00:14 SET Swedish (1879-1899)*
# 2:00 EET EEST Eastern Europe
! # 3:00 FET Further-eastern Europe*
! # 3:00 MSK MSD MSM* Moscow
# From Peter Ilieve (1994-12-04),
# The original six [EU members]: Belgium, France, (West) Germany, Italy,
# Luxembourg, the Netherlands.
# Plus, from 1 Jan 73: Denmark, Ireland, United Kingdom.
*** 126,136 ****
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
! # position is 51 deg. 28' 30" N, 0 deg. 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
--- 126,136 ----
# made their calculations and set the time for the Horse Guards and Parliament,
# but now the stone is obscured by scrubwood and can only be seen by walking
# along the towpath within a few yards of it.'
#
# I have a one inch to one mile map of London and my estimate of the stone's
! # position is 51 degrees 28' 30" N, 0 degrees 18' 45" W. The longitude should
# be within about +-2". The Ordnance Survey grid reference is TQ172761.
#
# [This yields GMTOFF = -0:01:15 for London LMT in the 18th century.]
# From Paul Eggert (1993-11-18):
*** 158,169 ****
#
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
! # From Paul Eggert (2003-09-27):
! # Summer Time was first seriously proposed by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
--- 158,183 ----
#
# In the tables below, we condense this complicated story into a single
# transition date for London, namely 1847-12-01. We don't know as much
# about Dublin, so we use 1880-08-02, the legal transition time.
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-19):
! # The ancients had no need for daylight saving, as they kept time
! # informally or via hours whose length depended on the time of year.
! # Daylight saving time in its modern sense was invented by the
! # New Zealand entomologist George Vernon Hudson (1867-1946),
! # whose day job as a postal clerk led him to value
! # after-hours daylight in which to pursue his research.
! # In 1895 he presented a paper to the Wellington Philosophical Society
! # that proposed a two-hour daylight-saving shift. See:
! # Hudson GV. On seasonal time-adjustment in countries south of lat. 30 deg.
! # Transactions and Proceedings of the New Zealand Institute. 1895;28:734
! # http://rsnz.natlib.govt.nz/volume/rsnz_28/rsnz_28_00_006110.html
! # Although some interest was expressed in New Zealand, his proposal
! # did not find its way into law and eventually it was almost forgotten.
! #
! # In England, DST was independently reinvented by William Willett (1857-1915),
# a London builder and member of the Royal Astronomical Society
# who circulated a pamphlet "The Waste of Daylight" (1907)
# that proposed advancing clocks 20 minutes on each of four Sundays in April,
# and retarding them by the same amount on four Sundays in September.
# A bill was drafted in 1909 and introduced in Parliament several times,
*** 172,202 ****
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
! # designed by G. W. Miller, is the...William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
! # -- <a href="http://www.winstonchurchill.org/fh114willett.htm">
# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
- # </a>
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
- #
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
# From: Jonathan Leffler
--- 186,214 ----
# it was eventually adopted as a wartime measure in 1916.
# See: Summer Time Arrives Early, The Times (2000-05-18).
# A monument to Willett was unveiled on 1927-05-21, in an open space in
# a 45-acre wood near Chislehurst, Kent that was purchased by popular
# subscription and open to the public. On the south face of the monolith,
! # designed by G. W. Miller, is the William Willett Memorial Sundial,
# which is permanently set to Summer Time.
# From Winston Churchill (1934-04-28):
# It is one of the paradoxes of history that we should owe the boon of
# summer time, which gives every year to the people of this country
# between 160 and 170 hours more daylight leisure, to a war which
# plunged Europe into darkness for four years, and shook the
# foundations of civilization throughout the world.
! # <http://www.winstonchurchill.org/images/finesthour/Vol.01%20No.114.pdf>
# "A Silent Toast to William Willett", Pictorial Weekly
# From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03):
# The OED Supplement says that the English originally said "Daylight Saving"
# when they were debating the adoption of DST in 1908; but by 1916 this
# term appears only in quotes taken from DST's opponents, whereas the
# proponents (who eventually won the argument) are quoted as using "Summer".
# From Arthur David Olson (1989-01-19):
# A source at the British Information Office in New York avers that it's
# known as "British" Summer Time in all parts of the United Kingdom.
# Date: 4 Jan 89 08:57:25 GMT (Wed)
# From: Jonathan Leffler
*** 238,263 ****
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
- # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# History of legal time in Britain
- # </a>
- # Rob Crowther (2012-01-04) reports that that URL no longer
- # exists, and the article can now be found at:
- # <a href="http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/">
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
- # </a>
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
! # <a href="http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0">
! # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976)
! # </a>.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
#
--- 250,268 ----
# Peter Ilieve (1998-04-19) described at length
# the history of summer time legislation in the United Kingdom.
# Since 1998 Joseph S. Myers has been updating
# and extending this list, which can be found in
# http://student.cusu.cam.ac.uk/~jsm28/british-time/
# History of legal time in Britain
# http://www.polyomino.org.uk/british-time/
# From Joseph S. Myers (1998-01-06):
#
# The legal time in the UK outside of summer time is definitely GMT, not UTC;
# see Lord Tanlaw's speech
! # <http://www.parliament.the-stationery-office.co.uk/pa/ld199697/ldhansrd/pdvn/lds97/text/70611-20.htm#70611-20_head0>
! # (Lords Hansard 11 June 1997 columns 964 to 976).
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
#
# For lack of other data, follow Shanks & Pottenger for Eire in 1940-1948.
#
*** 293,304 ****
#
# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
! # Irish laws are available online at www.irishstatutebook.ie. These include
! # various relating to legal time, for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
--- 298,309 ----
#
# "Timeball on the ballast office is down. Dunsink time."
# -- James Joyce, Ulysses
# From Joseph S. Myers (2005-01-26):
! # Irish laws are available online at <http://www.irishstatutebook.ie>.
! # These include various relating to legal time, for example:
#
# ZZA13Y1923.html ZZA12Y1924.html ZZA8Y1925.html ZZSIV20PG1267.html
#
# ZZSI71Y1947.html ZZSI128Y1948.html ZZSI23Y1949.html ZZSI41Y1950.html
# ZZSI27Y1951.html ZZSI73Y1952.html
*** 493,506 ****
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
- # <a="http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT">
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
! # </a>
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
--- 498,510 ----
Rule EU 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 -
Rule EU 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S
Rule EU 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 -
# The most recent directive covers the years starting in 2002. See:
# Directive 2000/84/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council
# of 19 January 2001 on summer-time arrangements.
! # <http://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=CELEX:32000L0084:EN:NOT>
# W-Eur differs from EU only in that W-Eur uses standard time.
Rule W-Eur 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 1:00s 1:00 S
Rule W-Eur 1977 only - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 -
Rule W-Eur 1978 only - Oct 1 1:00s 0 -
*** 519,533 ****
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
! # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
! # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstancial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
--- 523,537 ----
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule C-Eur 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00s 0 -
Rule C-Eur 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Oct 7; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule C-Eur 1944 only - Oct 2 2:00s 0 -
! # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2008-07-13):
#
# I found what is probably a typo of 2:00 which should perhaps be 2:00s
# in the C-Eur rule from tz database version 2008d (this part was
! # corrected in version 2008d). The circumstantial evidence is simply the
# tz database itself, as seen below:
#
# Zone Europe/Paris 0:09:21 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01
# 0:00 France WE%sT 1945 Sep 16 3:00
#
*** 579,593 ****
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
! Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S
! Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 -
! Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 S
! Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
! Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
--- 583,597 ----
Rule Russia 1917 only - Jul 1 23:00 1:00 MST # Moscow Summer Time
Rule Russia 1917 only - Dec 28 0:00 0 MMT # Moscow Mean Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - May 31 22:00 2:00 MDST # Moscow Double Summer Time
Rule Russia 1918 only - Sep 16 1:00 1:00 MST
Rule Russia 1919 only - May 31 23:00 2:00 MDST
! Rule Russia 1919 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 MSD
! Rule Russia 1919 only - Aug 16 0:00 0 MSK
! Rule Russia 1921 only - Feb 14 23:00 1:00 MSD
! Rule Russia 1921 only - Mar 20 23:00 2:00 MSM # Midsummer
! Rule Russia 1921 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 MSD
Rule Russia 1921 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Act No.925 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1980-10-24):
Rule Russia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Russia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
# Act No.967 of the Council of Ministers of the USSR (1984-09-13), repeated in
*** 605,622 ****
# According to Kremlin press service, Russian President Dmitry Medvedev
# signed a federal law "On calculation of time" on June 9, 2011.
# According to the law Russia is abolishing daylight saving time.
#
# Medvedev signed a law "On the Calculation of Time" (in russian):
- # <a href="http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583">
# http://bmockbe.ru/events/?ID=7583
- # </a>
#
# Medvedev signed a law on the calculation of the time (in russian):
- # <a href="http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html">
# http://www.regnum.ru/news/polit/1413906.html
- # </a>
# From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15):
# Take "abolishing daylight saving time" to mean that time is now considered
# to be standard.
--- 609,622 ----
*** 632,645 ****
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
! # Mitteleuropaeische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
! # Mitteleuropaeische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
#
! # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz ueber die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
--- 632,645 ----
# for Central European Summer Time, but this didn't agree with common usage.
# From Markus Kuhn (1996-07-12):
# The official German names ... are
#
! # Mitteleuropäische Zeit (MEZ) = UTC+01:00
! # Mitteleuropäische Sommerzeit (MESZ) = UTC+02:00
#
! # as defined in the German Time Act (Gesetz über die Zeitbestimmung (ZeitG),
# 1978-07-25, Bundesgesetzblatt, Jahrgang 1978, Teil I, S. 1110-1111)....
# I wrote ... to the German Federal Physical-Technical Institution
#
# Physikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt (PTB)
# Laboratorium 4.41 "Zeiteinheit"
*** 729,750 ****
# From Yauhen Kharuzhy (2011-09-16):
# By latest Belarus government act Europe/Minsk timezone was changed to
# GMT+3 without DST (was GMT+2 with DST).
#
# Sources (Russian language):
- # 1.
- # <a href="http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html">
# http://www.belta.by/ru/all_news/society/V-Belarusi-otmenjaetsja-perexod-na-sezonnoe-vremja_i_572952.html
- # </a>
- # 2.
- # <a href="http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/">
# http://naviny.by/rubrics/society/2011/09/16/ic_articles_116_175144/
- # </a>
- # 3.
- # <a href="http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html">
# http://news.tut.by/society/250578.html
- # </a>
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Minsk 1:50:16 - LMT 1880
1:50 - MMT 1924 May 2 # Minsk Mean Time
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jun 28
--- 729,741 ----
*** 753,770 ****
3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
# Belgium
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
! # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe annee, 1991
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
# pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
--- 744,761 ----
3:00 - MSK 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
2:00 - EET 1992 Mar 29 0:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1992 Sep 27 0:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 3:00 - FET
# Belgium
#
# From Paul Eggert (1997-07-02):
# Entries from 1918 through 1991 are taken from:
# Annuaire de L'Observatoire Royal de Belgique,
! # Avenue Circulaire, 3, B-1180 BRUXELLES, CLVIIe année, 1991
# (Imprimerie HAYEZ, s.p.r.l., Rue Fin, 4, 1080 BRUXELLES, MCMXC),
# pp 8-9.
# LMT before 1892 was 0:17:30, according to the official journal of Belgium:
# Moniteur Belge, Samedi 30 Avril 1892, N.121.
# Thanks to Pascal Delmoitie for these references.
*** 826,837 ****
# Bulgaria
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
! # EET --> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
! # EETDST --> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
--- 817,828 ----
# Bulgaria
#
# From Plamen Simenov via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09):
# A document of Government of Bulgaria (No.94/1997) says:
! # EET -> EETDST is in 03:00 Local time in last Sunday of March ...
! # EETDST -> EET is in 04:00 Local time in last Sunday of October
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Mar 31 23:00 1:00 S
Rule Bulg 1979 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 -
Rule Bulg 1980 1982 - Apr Sat>=1 23:00 1:00 S
*** 872,892 ****
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
! # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
! # in subsequenet decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
--- 863,883 ----
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Use Europe/Prague also for Slovakia.
# Denmark, Faroe Islands, and Greenland
! # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-04-26):
# http://www.hum.aau.dk/~poe/tid/tine/DanskTid.htm says that the law
# [introducing standard time] was in effect from 1894-01-01....
# The page http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A18930008330-REGL
# confirms this, and states that the law was put forth 1893-03-29.
#
# The EU treaty with effect from 1973:
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19722110030-REGL
#
# This provoked a new law from 1974 to make possible summer time changes
! # in subsequent decrees with the law
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/A19740022330-REGL
#
# It seems however that no decree was set forward until 1980. I have
# not found any decree, but in another related law, the effecting DST
# changes are stated explicitly to be from 1980-04-06 at 02:00 to
*** 897,907 ****
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
! # From Jesper Norgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
--- 888,898 ----
# The law is about the management of the extra hour, concerning
# working hours reported and effect on obligatory-rest rules (which
# was suspended on that night):
# http://www.retsinfo.dk/_GETDOCI_/ACCN/C19801120554-REGL
! # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2005-06-11):
# The Herning Folkeblad (1980-09-26) reported that the night between
# Saturday and Sunday the clock is set back from three to two.
# From Paul Eggert (2005-06-11):
# Hence the "02:00" of the 1980 law refers to standard time, not
*** 925,935 ****
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
! Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Torshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
0:00 EU WE%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
--- 916,926 ----
0:50:20 - CMT 1894 Jan 1 # Copenhagen MT
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1942 Nov 2 2:00s
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945 Apr 2 2:00
1:00 Denmark CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
! Zone Atlantic/Faroe -0:27:04 - LMT 1908 Jan 11 # Tórshavn
0:00 - WET 1981
0:00 EU WE%sT
#
# From Paul Eggert (2004-10-31):
# During World War II, Germany maintained secret manned weather stations in
*** 937,951 ****
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
! # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthab
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
! # From Gwillin Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
--- 928,942 ----
# My source for this is Wilhelm Dege's book mentioned under Svalbard.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Greenland joined the EU as part of Denmark, obtained home rule on 1979-05-01,
# and left the EU on 1985-02-01. It therefore should have been using EU
! # rules at least through 1984. Shanks & Pottenger say Scoresbysund and Godthåb
# used C-Eur rules after 1980, but IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says they use EU
# rules since at least 1991. Assume EU rules since 1980.
! # From Gwillim Law (2001-06-06), citing
# <http://www.statkart.no/efs/efshefter/2001/efs5-2001.pdf> (2001-03-15),
# and with translations corrected by Steffen Thorsen:
#
# Greenland has four local times, and the relation to UTC
# is according to the following time line:
*** 976,1005 ****
# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
! # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthab).
#
! # The rest of Greenland, including Godthab (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
! # this area is that it sticks with Godthab time. This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
! # the 1995 map as like Godthab.
! # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthab before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
--- 967,996 ----
# email. The other stations are two sledge patrol stations in
# Mestersvig and Daneborg, the air force base at Station Nord, and the
# DPC research station at Zackenberg.
#
# Scoresbysund and two small villages nearby keep time UTC-1 and use
! # the same daylight savings time period as in West Greenland (Godthåb).
#
! # The rest of Greenland, including Godthåb (this area, although it
# includes central Greenland, is known as west Greenland), keeps time
# UTC-3, with daylight savings methods according to European rules.
#
# It is common procedure to use UTC 0 in the wilderness of East and
# North Greenland, because it is mainly Icelandic aircraft operators
# maintaining traffic in these areas. However, the official status of
! # this area is that it sticks with Godthåb time. This area might be
# considered a dual time zone in some respects because of this.
# From Rives McDow (2001-11-19):
# I heard back from someone stationed at Thule; the time change took place
# there at 2:00 AM.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# From 1997 on the CIA map shows Danmarkshavn on GMT;
! # the 1995 map as like Godthåb.
! # For lack of better info, assume they were like Godthåb before 1996.
# startkart.no says Thule does not observe DST, but this is clearly an error,
# so go with Shanks & Pottenger for Thule transitions until this year.
# For 2007 on assume Thule will stay in sync with US DST rules.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
*** 1040,1060 ****
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring."
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
- # <a href="http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390">
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
! # </a>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
! # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22--27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
! # From <a href="http://www.baltictimes.com/">The Baltic Times</a> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
--- 1031,1050 ----
# A discussion is running about the summer time efficiency and effect on
# human physiology. It seems that Estonia maybe will not change to
# summer time next spring."
# From Peter Ilieve (1998-11-04), heavily edited:
# The 1998-09-22 Estonian time law
! # <http://trip.rk.ee/cgi-bin/thw?${BASE}=akt&${OOHTML}=rtd&TA=1998&TO=1&AN=1390>
# refers to the Eighth Directive and cites the association agreement between
! # the EU and Estonia, ratified by the Estonian law (RT II 1995, 22-27, 120).
#
# I also asked [my relative] whether they use any standard abbreviation
# for their standard and summer times. He says no, they use "suveaeg"
# (summer time) and "talveaeg" (winter time).
! # From The Baltic Times <http://www.baltictimes.com/> (1999-09-09)
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# This year will mark the last time Estonia shifts to summer time,
# a council of the ruling coalition announced Sept. 6....
# But what this could mean for Estonia's chances of joining the European
# Union are still unclear. In 1994, the EU declared summer time compulsory
*** 1068,1078 ****
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
! # From Urmet Jaanes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
--- 1058,1068 ----
# From Toomas Soome (2002-02-21):
# The Estonian government has changed once again timezone politics.
# Now we are using again EU rules.
#
! # From Urmet Jänes (2002-03-28):
# The legislative reference is Government decree No. 84 on 2002-02-21.
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Tallinn 1:39:00 - LMT 1880
1:39:00 - TMT 1918 Feb # Tallinn Mean Time
*** 1102,1155 ****
# according to the central European standards.
#
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
- #
- # <a href="http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf">
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
- # </a>
#
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
- #
- # <a href="http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401">
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
- # </a>
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S
! Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:52 - LMT 1878 May 31
! 1:39:52 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
2:00 EU EE%sT
! # Aaland Is
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
# France
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
! # Henri Le Corre, Regimes Horaires pour le monde entier, Editions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
! # Gabriel, Traite de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Tredaniel editeur,
# Paris, 1991
#
! # Francoise Gauquelin, Problemes de l'heure resolus en astrologie,
! # Guy tredaniel, Paris 1987
#
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
--- 1092,1155 ----
# according to the central European standards.
#
# This is documented in Heikki Oja: Aikakirja 2007, published by The Almanac
# Office of University of Helsinki, ISBN 952-10-3221-9, available online (in
# Finnish) at
# http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/aikakirja/Aikakirja2007kokonaan.pdf
#
# Page 105 (56 in PDF version) has a handy table of all past daylight savings
# transitions. It is easy enough to interpret without Finnish skills.
#
# This is also confirmed by Finnish Broadcasting Company's archive at:
# http://www.yle.fi/elavaarkisto/?s=s&g=1&ag=5&t=&a=3401
#
# The news clip from 1981 says that "the time between 2 and 3 o'clock does not
# exist tonight."
+ # From Konstantin Hyppönen (2014-06-13):
+ # [Heikki Oja's book Aikakirja 2013]
+ # http://almanakka.helsinki.fi/images/aikakirja/Aikakirja2013kokonaan.pdf
+ # pages 104-105, including a scan from a newspaper published on Apr 2 1942
+ # say that ... [o]n Apr 2 1942, 24 o'clock (which means Apr 3 1942,
+ # 00:00), clocks were moved one hour forward. The newspaper
+ # mentions "on the night from Thursday to Friday"....
+ # On Oct 4 1942, clocks were moved at 1:00 one hour backwards.
+ #
+ # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-14):
+ # Go with Oja over Shanks.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
! Rule Finland 1942 only - Apr 2 24:00 1:00 S
! Rule Finland 1942 only - Oct 4 1:00 0 -
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S
Rule Finland 1981 1982 - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
+
+ # Milne says Helsinki (Helsingfors) time was 1:39:49.2 (official document);
+ # round to nearest.
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone Europe/Helsinki 1:39:49 - LMT 1878 May 31
! 1:39:49 - HMT 1921 May # Helsinki Mean Time
2:00 Finland EE%sT 1983
2:00 EU EE%sT
! # Åland Is
Link Europe/Helsinki Europe/Mariehamn
# France
# From Ciro Discepolo (2000-12-20):
#
! # Henri Le Corre, Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, Éditions
# Traditionnelles - Paris 2 books, 1993
#
! # Gabriel, Traité de l'heure dans le monde, Guy Trédaniel,
# Paris, 1991
#
! # Françoise Gauquelin, Problèmes de l'heure résolus en astrologie,
! # Guy Trédaniel, Paris 1987
#
# Shank & Pottenger seem to use '24:00' ambiguously; resolve it with Whitman.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
*** 1186,1205 ****
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
! # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arneguy, Orthez,
! # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamotte-Montravel, Marouil, La
! # Rochefoucault, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
! # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalons-sur-Saone, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
! # who quotes the Ephemerides Astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
--- 1186,1205 ----
Rule France 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S
Rule France 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 -
Rule France 1940 only - Feb 25 2:00 1:00 S
# The French rules for 1941-1944 were not used in Paris, but Shanks & Pottenger
# write that they were used in Monaco and in many French locations.
! # Le Corre writes that the upper limit of the free zone was Arnéguy, Orthez,
! # Mont-de-Marsan, Bazas, Langon, Lamothe-Montravel, Marœuil, La
! # Rochefoucauld, Champagne-Mouton, La Roche-Posay, La Haye-Descartes,
# Loches, Montrichard, Vierzon, Bourges, Moulins, Digoin,
! # Paray-le-Monial, Montceau-les-Mines, Chalon-sur-Saône, Arbois,
# Dole, Morez, St-Claude, and Collonges (Haute-Savoie).
Rule France 1941 only - May 5 0:00 2:00 M # Midsummer
# Shanks & Pottenger say this transition occurred at Oct 6 1:00,
# but go with Denis Excoffier (1997-12-12),
! # who quotes the Ephémérides astronomiques for 1998 from Bureau des Longitudes
# as saying 5/10/41 22hUT.
Rule France 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 2:00 M
Rule France 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 1:00 S
Rule France 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 2:00 M
*** 1233,1251 ****
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
! # From Joerg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
! # <a href="http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/">
! # General [Nikolai] Bersarin</a>.
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
- # <a href="http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf">
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
- # </a>
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
--- 1233,1249 ----
# From Markus Kuhn (1998-09-29):
# The German time zone web site by the Physikalisch-Technische
# Bundesanstalt contains DST information back to 1916.
# [See tz-link.htm for the URL.]
! # From Jörg Schilling (2002-10-23):
# In 1945, Berlin was switched to Moscow Summer time (GMT+4) by
! # <http://www.dhm.de/lemo/html/biografien/BersarinNikolai/>
! # General [Nikolai] Bersarin.
# From Paul Eggert (2003-03-08):
# http://www.parlament-berlin.de/pds-fraktion.nsf/727459127c8b66ee8525662300459099/defc77cb784f180ac1256c2b0030274b/$FILE/bersarint.pdf
# says that Bersarin issued an order to use Moscow time on May 20.
# However, Moscow did not observe daylight saving in 1945, so
# this was equivalent to CEMT (GMT+3), not GMT+4.
*** 1272,1288 ****
1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
! # Busingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
! # Source for the time in Busingen 1980:
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
--- 1270,1286 ----
1:00 SovietZone CE%sT 1946
1:00 Germany CE%sT 1980
1:00 EU CE%sT
# From Tobias Conradi (2011-09-12):
! # Büsingen <http://www.buesingen.de>, surrounded by the Swiss canton
# Schaffhausen, did not start observing DST in 1980 as the rest of DE
# (West Germany at that time) and DD (East Germany at that time) did.
# DD merged into DE, the area is currently covered by code DE in ISO 3166-1,
# which in turn is covered by the zone Europe/Berlin.
#
! # Source for the time in Büsingen 1980:
# http://www.srf.ch/player/video?id=c012c029-03b7-4c2b-9164-aa5902cd58d3
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-03):
# Busingen and Zurich have shared clocks since 1970.
*** 1334,1352 ****
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
! Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 29 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
! Rule Hungary 1919 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 -
! Rule Hungary 1920 only - Apr 5 3:00 1:00 S
! Rule Hungary 1920 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
! Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 3 0:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
--- 1332,1355 ----
# Shanks & Pottenger say it switched to C-Eur in 1981;
# go with EU instead, since Greece joined it on Jan 1.
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Hungary
+ # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15):
+ # Dates for 1916-1945 are taken from:
+ # Oross A. Jelen a múlt jövője: a nyári időszámítás Magyarországon 1916-1945.
+ # National Archives of Hungary (2012-10-29).
+ # http://mnl.gov.hu/a_het_dokumentuma/a_nyari_idoszamitas_magyarorszagon_19161945.html
+ # This source does not always give times, which are taken from Shanks
+ # & Pottenger (which disagree about the dates).
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Hungary 1918 only - Apr 1 3:00 1:00 S
! Rule Hungary 1918 only - Sep 16 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1919 only - Apr 15 3:00 1:00 S
! Rule Hungary 1919 only - Nov 24 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1945 only - May 1 23:00 1:00 S
! Rule Hungary 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1946 only - Mar 31 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1946 1949 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 0 -
Rule Hungary 1947 1949 - Apr Sun>=4 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Apr 17 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Hungary 1950 only - Oct 23 2:00s 0 -
*** 1358,1368 ****
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
! 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 6 2:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
--- 1361,1371 ----
Rule Hungary 1957 only - Sep lastSun 3:00 0 -
Rule Hungary 1980 only - Apr 6 1:00 1:00 S
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Budapest 1:16:20 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1918
! 1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1941 Apr 8
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1:00 Hungary CE%sT 1980 Sep 28 2:00s
1:00 EU CE%sT
# Iceland
*** 1436,1448 ****
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
- # <a href="http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html">
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
! # </a>
# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
--- 1439,1450 ----
# so record only the time in Rome.
#
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# For Italian DST we have three sources: Shanks & Pottenger, Whitman, and
# F. Pollastri
# Day-light Saving Time in Italy (2006-02-03)
! # <http://toi.iriti.cnr.it/uk/ienitlt.html>
# ('FP' below), taken from an Italian National Electrotechnical Institute
# publication. When the three sources disagree, guess who's right, as follows:
#
# year FP Shanks&P. (S) Whitman (W) Go with:
# 1916 06-03 06-03 24:00 06-03 00:00 FP & W
*** 1546,1562 ****
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
- # <a href="http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm">
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
! # 29-Feb-2000 (#79)</a>, in Latvian for subscribers only).
! # <a href="http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html">
! # From RFE/RL Newsline (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
! # </a>
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
--- 1548,1564 ----
# 1997-01-21 on transition to Summer time ... established the same order of
# daylight savings time settings as in the States of the European Union.
# From Andrei Ivanov (2000-03-06):
# This year Latvia will not switch to Daylight Savings Time (as specified in
# The Regulations of the Cabinet of Ministers of the Rep. of Latvia of
! # 29-Feb-2000 (#79) <http://www.lv-laiks.lv/wwwraksti/2000/071072/vd4.htm>,
! # in Latvian for subscribers only).
! # From RFE/RL Newsline
! # <http://www.rferl.org/newsline/2001/01/3-CEE/cee-030101.html>
! # (2001-01-03), noted after a heads-up by Rives McDow:
# The Latvian government on 2 January decided that the country will
# institute daylight-saving time this spring, LETA reported.
# Last February the three Baltic states decided not to turn back their
# clocks one hour in the spring....
# Minister of Economy Aigars Kalvitis noted that Latvia had too few
*** 1567,1583 ****
# appears that they will not do so....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:24 - LMT 1880
! 1:36:24 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
! 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
! 1:36:24 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
! 1:36:24 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
! 1:36:24 - RMT 1926 May 11
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
--- 1569,1588 ----
# appears that they will not do so....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Latvia 1989 1996 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 -
+
+ # Milne says Riga time was 1:36:28 (Polytechnique House time).
+
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! Zone Europe/Riga 1:36:28 - LMT 1880
! 1:36:28 - RMT 1918 Apr 15 2:00 #Riga Mean Time
! 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1918 Sep 16 3:00 #Latvian Summer
! 1:36:28 - RMT 1919 Apr 1 2:00
! 1:36:28 1:00 LST 1919 May 22 3:00
! 1:36:28 - RMT 1926 May 11
2:00 - EET 1940 Aug 5
3:00 - MSK 1941 Jul
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct 13
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1989 Mar lastSun 2:00s
2:00 1:00 EEST 1989 Sep lastSun 2:00s
*** 1612,1633 ****
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
! # From <a href="http://www.elta.lt/">ELTA</a> No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29),
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.
! # From the <a href="http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm">
! # Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
! # </a> (2000-03-27): Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
--- 1617,1638 ----
# From Marius Gedminas (1998-08-07):
# I would like to inform that in this year Lithuanian time zone
# (Europe/Vilnius) was changed.
! # From ELTA No. 972 (2582) (1999-09-29) <http://www.elta.lt/>,
# via Steffen Thorsen:
# Lithuania has shifted back to the second time zone (GMT plus two hours)
# to be valid here starting from October 31,
# as decided by the national government on Wednesday....
# The Lithuanian government also announced plans to consider a
# motion to give up shifting to summer time in spring, as it was
# already done by Estonia.
! # From the Fact File, Lithuanian State Department of Tourism
! # <http://www.tourism.lt/informa/ff.htm> (2000-03-27):
! # Local time is GMT+2 hours ..., no daylight saving.
# From a user via Klaus Marten (2003-02-07):
# As a candidate for membership of the European Union, Lithuania will
# observe Summer Time in 2003, changing its clocks at the times laid
# down in EU Directive 2000/84 of 19.I.01 (i.e. at the same times as its
*** 1717,1742 ****
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
! # Jesper Norgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
- # <a href="http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html">
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
- # </a>
- #
- # <a href="http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html">
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
- # </a>
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
#
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
--- 1722,1742 ----
# However, this is most likely an error, as Moldova declared independence
# on 1991-08-27 (the 1992-01-19 date is that of a Russian decree).
# In early 1992 there was large-scale interethnic violence in the area
# and it's possible that some Russophones continued to observe Moscow time.
# But [two people] separately reported via
! # Jesper Nørgaard that as of 2001-01-24 Tiraspol was like Chisinau.
# The Tiraspol entry has therefore been removed for now.
#
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-10-17):
# Pridnestrovian Moldavian Republic (PMR, also known as
# "Pridnestrovie") has abolished seasonal clock change (no transition
# to the Winter Time).
#
# News (in Russian):
# http://www.kyivpost.ua/russia/news/pridnestrove-otkazalos-ot-perehoda-na-zimnee-vremya-30954.html
# http://www.allmoldova.com/moldova-news/1249064116.html
#
# The substance of this change (reinstatement of the Tiraspol entry)
# is from a patch from Petr Machata (2011-10-17)
#
# From Tim Parenti (2011-10-19)
*** 1750,1762 ****
# As of today, Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)- Tiraspol reversed its own
# decision to abolish DST this winter.
# Following Moldova and neighboring Ukraine- Transnistria (Pridnestrovie)-
# Tiraspol will go back to winter time on October 30, 2011.
# News from Moldova (in russian):
- # <a href="http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html">
# http://ru.publika.md/link_317061.html
- # </a>
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Chisinau 1:55:20 - LMT 1880
1:55 - CMT 1918 Feb 15 # Chisinau MT
--- 1750,1760 ----
*** 1883,1900 ****
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
! # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html and
! # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html). The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
! # http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html ) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
! # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabitated" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
--- 1881,1898 ----
# Although I could not find it explicitly, it seems that Jan Mayen and
# Svalbard have been using the same time as Norway at least since the
# time they were declared as parts of Norway. Svalbard was declared
# as a part of Norway by law of 1925-07-17 no 11, section 4 and Jan
# Mayen by law of 1930-02-27 no 2, section 2. (From
! # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19250717-011.html> and
! # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-19300227-002.html>). The law/regulation
# for normal/standard time in Norway is from 1894-06-29 no 1 (came
# into operation on 1895-01-01) and Svalbard/Jan Mayen seem to be a
# part of this law since 1925/1930. (From
! # <http://www.lovdata.no/all/nl-18940629-001.html>) I have not been
# able to find if Jan Mayen used a different time zone (e.g. -0100)
! # before 1930. Jan Mayen has only been "inhabited" since 1921 by
# Norwegian meteorologists and maybe used the same time as Norway ever
# since 1921. Svalbard (Arctic/Longyearbyen) has been inhabited since
# before 1895, and therefore probably changed the local time somewhere
# between 1895 and 1925 (inclusive).
*** 1905,1915 ****
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
! # frequent air ttacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
--- 1903,1913 ----
# keeping Berlin time.
#
# <http://home.no.net/janmayen/history.htm> says that the meteorologists
# burned down their station in 1940 and left the island, but returned in
# 1941 with a small Norwegian garrison and continued operations despite
! # frequent air attacks from Germans. In 1943 the Americans established a
# radiolocating station on the island, called "Atlantic City". Possibly
# the UT offset changed during the war, but I think it unlikely that
# Jan Mayen used German daylight-saving rules.
#
# Svalbard is more complicated, as it was raided in August 1941 by an
*** 1925,1947 ****
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
# for these regions.
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# Poland
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
! # Torun Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
! # Thanks to Przemyslaw Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
--- 1923,1949 ----
# All these events predate our cutoff date of 1970, so use Europe/Oslo
# for these regions.
Link Europe/Oslo Arctic/Longyearbyen
# Poland
+
+ # The 1919 dates and times can be found in Tygodnik Urzędowy nr 1 (1919-03-20),
+ # <http://www.wbc.poznan.pl/publication/32156> pp 1-2.
+
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Poland 1918 1919 - Sep 16 2:00s 0 -
Rule Poland 1919 only - Apr 15 2:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1944 only - Apr 3 2:00s 1:00 S
# Whitman gives 1944 Nov 30; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland 1944 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 -
# For 1944-1948 Whitman gives the previous day; go with Shanks & Pottenger.
Rule Poland 1945 only - Apr 29 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1945 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 -
# For 1946 on the source is Kazimierz Borkowski,
! # Toruń Center for Astronomy, Dept. of Radio Astronomy, Nicolaus Copernicus U.,
# <http://www.astro.uni.torun.pl/~kb/Artykuly/U-PA/Czas2.htm#tth_tAb1>
! # Thanks to Przemysław Augustyniak (2005-05-28) for this reference.
# He also gives these further references:
# Mon Pol nr 13, poz 162 (1995) <http://www.abc.com.pl/serwis/mp/1995/0162.htm>
# Druk nr 2180 (2003) <http://www.senat.gov.pl/k5/dok/sejm/053/2180.pdf>
Rule Poland 1946 only - Apr 14 0:00s 1:00 S
Rule Poland 1946 only - Oct 7 2:00s 0 -
*** 2074,2085 ****
0:00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
! # <a href="http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html">
! # Nine O'clock</a> (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
--- 2076,2087 ----
0:00 EU WE%sT
# Romania
#
# From Paul Eggert (1999-10-07):
! # Nine O'clock <http://www.nineoclock.ro/POL/1778pol.html>
! # (1998-10-23) reports that the switch occurred at
# 04:00 local time in fall 1998. For lack of better info,
# assume that Romania and Moldova switched to EU rules in 1997,
# the same year as Bulgaria.
#
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
*** 2099,2174 ****
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Russia
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
# (Government document
- # <a href="http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/">
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
- # </a>
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
- # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
- # </a>
# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
- # <a href="http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966">
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
# changed in September 2011:
#
# One source is
- # < a href="http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/>
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
- # </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
- # <a href="http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html">
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
- # </a>
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
- # <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7">
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
- # </a>
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
- # <a href="http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896">
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
- # </a>
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
! # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to get
! # September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
#
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
--- 2101,2185 ----
2:00 C-Eur EE%sT 1991
2:00 Romania EE%sT 1994
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1997
2:00 EU EE%sT
+
# Russia
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-09-15):
# Based on last Russian Government Decree # 725 on August 31, 2011
# (Government document
# http://www.government.ru/gov/results/16355/print/
# in Russian)
# there are few corrections have to be made for some Russian time zones...
# All updated Russian Time Zones were placed in table and translated to English
# by WorldTimeZone.com at the link below:
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia36.htm
# From Sanjeev Gupta (2011-09-27):
# Scans of [Decree #23 of January 8, 1992] are available at:
# http://government.consultant.ru/page.aspx?1223966
# They are in Cyrillic letters (presumably Russian).
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Regarding the instant when clocks in time-zone-shifting parts of Russia
# changed in September 2011:
#
# One source is
# http://government.ru/gov/results/16355/
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Decree of August 31,
# 2011 No 725" and contains no other dates or "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# http://www.rg.ru/2011/09/06/chas-zona-dok.html
# which, according to translate.google.com, begins "Resolution of the
# Government of the Russian Federation on August 31, 2011 N 725" and also
# contains "Date first official publication: September 6, 2011 Posted on:
# in the 'RG' - Federal Issue number 5573 September 6, 2011" but which
# does not contain any "effective date" information.
#
# Another source is
# http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oymyakonsky_District#cite_note-RuTime-7
# which, in note 8, contains "Resolution #725 of August 31, 2011...
# Effective as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
# but which does not contain any reference to September 6, 2011.
#
# The Wikipedia article refers to
# http://base.consultant.ru/cons/cgi/online.cgi?req=doc;base=LAW;n=118896
# which seems to copy the text of the government.ru page.
#
# Tobias Conradi combines Wikipedia's
# "as of after 7 days following the day of the official publication"
! # with www.rg.ru's "Date of first official publication: September 6, 2011" to
! # get September 13, 2011 as the cutover date (unusually, a Tuesday, as Tobias
! # Conradi notes).
#
# None of the sources indicates a time of day for changing clocks.
#
# Go with 2011-09-13 0:00s.
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-01):
+ # According to the Russian news (ITAR-TASS News Agency)
+ # http://en.itar-tass.com/russia/738562
+ # the State Duma has approved ... the draft bill on returning to
+ # winter time standard and return Russia 11 time zones. The new
+ # regulations will come into effect on October 26, 2014 at 02:00 ...
+ # http://asozd2.duma.gov.ru/main.nsf/%28Spravka%29?OpenAgent&RN=431985-6&02
+ # Here is a link where we put together table (based on approved Bill N
+ # 431985-6) with proposed 11 Russian time zones and corresponding
+ # areas/cities/administrative centers in the Russian Federation (in English):
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia65.html
+ #
+ # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-22):
+ # Putin signed the Federal Law 431985-6 ... (in Russian)
+ # http://itar-tass.com/obschestvo/1333711
+ # http://www.pravo.gov.ru:8080/page.aspx?111660
+ # http://www.kremlin.ru/acts/46279
+ # From October 26, 2014 the new Russian time zone map will looks like this:
+ # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia-map-2014-07.html
+
# From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
# Except for Moscow after 1919-07-01, I invented the time zone abbreviations.
# Moscow time zone abbreviations after 1919-07-01, and Moscow rules after 1991,
# are from Andrey A. Chernov. The rest is from Shanks & Pottenger,
# except we follow Chernov's report that 1992 DST transitions were Sat
*** 2191,2314 ****
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
! # News--often false--is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
! # the rest of Russia for two weeks--even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
! #
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
! #
! # Kaliningradskaya oblast'.
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 3:00 - FET # Further-eastern European Time
! #
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
! # Respublika Adygeya, Arkhangel'skaya oblast',
! # Belgorodskaya oblast', Bryanskaya oblast', Vladimirskaya oblast',
! # Vologodskaya oblast', Voronezhskaya oblast',
! # Respublika Dagestan, Ivanovskaya oblast', Respublika Ingushetiya,
! # Kabarbino-Balkarskaya Respublika, Respublika Kalmykiya,
! # Kalyzhskaya oblast', Respublika Karachaevo-Cherkessiya,
! # Respublika Kareliya, Respublika Komi,
! # Kostromskaya oblast', Krasnodarskij kraj, Kurskaya oblast',
! # Leningradskaya oblast', Lipetskaya oblast', Respublika Marij El,
! # Respublika Mordoviya, Moskva, Moskovskaya oblast',
! # Murmanskaya oblast', Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug,
! # Nizhegorodskaya oblast', Novgorodskaya oblast', Orlovskaya oblast',
! # Penzenskaya oblast', Pskovskaya oblast', Rostovskaya oblast',
! # Ryazanskaya oblast', Sankt-Peterburg,
! # Respublika Severnaya Osetiya, Smolenskaya oblast',
! # Stavropol'skij kraj, Tambovskaya oblast', Respublika Tatarstan,
! # Tverskaya oblast', Tyl'skaya oblast', Ul'yanovskaya oblast',
! # Chechenskaya Respublika, Chuvashskaya oblast',
! # Yaroslavskaya oblast'
! Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:20 - LMT 1880
! 2:30 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
! 2:30:48 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 4:00 - MSK
#
! # Astrakhanskaya oblast', Kirovskaya oblast', Saratovskaya oblast',
! # Volgogradskaya oblast'. Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400
! # but Wikipedia (2006-05-09) says +0300. Perhaps it switched after the
! # others? But we have no data.
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
! 3:00 Russia VOL%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 4:00 - VOLT
! #
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
! # Samarskaya oblast', Udmyrtskaya respublika
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
! 3:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
! 2:00 Russia KUY%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
4:00 - SAMT
#
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
! # Respublika Bashkortostan, Komi-Permyatskij avtonomnyj okrug,
! # Kurganskaya oblast', Orenburgskaya oblast', Permskaya oblast',
! # Sverdlovskaya oblast', Tyumenskaya oblast',
! # Khanty-Manskijskij avtonomnyj okrug, Chelyabinskaya oblast',
! # Yamalo-Nenetskij avtonomnyj okrug.
! Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:24 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 6:00 - YEKT # Yekaterinburg Time
! #
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
! # Respublika Altaj, Altajskij kraj, Omskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
! 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk TIme
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 7:00 - OMST
! #
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
! # Novosibirskaya oblast', Tomskaya oblast'.
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 7:00 - NOVT
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March 28, 2010:
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
--- 2202,2475 ----
# Moscow to Irkutsk in 1995, public air and rail transport in Russia ...
# still follows Moscow time, no matter where in Russia it is located.
#
# For Grozny, Chechnya, we have the following story from
# John Daniszewski, "Scavengers in the Rubble", Los Angeles Times (2001-02-07):
! # News - often false - is spread by word of mouth. A rumor that it was
# time to move the clocks back put this whole city out of sync with
! # the rest of Russia for two weeks - even soldiers stationed here began
# enforcing curfew at the wrong time.
#
# From Gwillim Law (2001-06-05):
# There's considerable evidence that Sakhalin Island used to be in
# UTC+11, and has changed to UTC+10, in this decade. I start with the
# SSIM, which listed Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk in zone RU10 along with Magadan
# until February 1997, and then in RU9 with Khabarovsk and Vladivostok
# since September 1997.... Although the Kuril Islands are
# administratively part of Sakhalin oblast', they appear to have
# remained on UTC+11 along with Magadan.
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
! # The comments detailing the coverage of each Russian zone are meant to assist
! # with maintenance only and represent our best guesses as to which regions
! # are covered by each zone. They are not meant to be taken as an authoritative
! # listing. The region codes listed come from
! # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Federal_subjects_of_Russia&oldid=611810498
! # and are used for convenience only; no guarantees are made regarding their
! # future stability. ISO 3166-2:RU codes are also listed for first-level
! # divisions where available.
!
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Europe/Kaliningrad covers...
! # 39 RU-KGD Kaliningrad Oblast
!
Zone Europe/Kaliningrad 1:22:00 - LMT 1893 Apr
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
2:00 Poland CE%sT 1946
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 3:00 - FET 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 2:00 - EET
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
! # Europe/Moscow covers...
! # 01 RU-AD Adygea, Republic of
! # 05 RU-DA Dagestan, Republic of
! # 06 RU-IN Ingushetia, Republic of
! # 07 RU-KB Kabardino-Balkar Republic
! # 08 RU-KL Kalmykia, Republic of
! # 09 RU-KC Karachay-Cherkess Republic
! # 10 RU-KR Karelia, Republic of
! # 11 RU-KO Komi Republic
! # 12 RU-ME Mari El Republic
! # 13 RU-MO Mordovia, Republic of
! # 15 RU-SE North Ossetia-Alania, Republic of
! # 16 RU-TA Tatarstan, Republic of
! # 20 RU-CE Chechen Republic
! # 21 RU-CU Chuvash Republic
! # 23 RU-KDA Krasnodar Krai
! # 26 RU-STA Stavropol Krai
! # 29 RU-ARK Arkhangelsk Oblast
! # 31 RU-BEL Belgorod Oblast
! # 32 RU-BRY Bryansk Oblast
! # 33 RU-VLA Vladimir Oblast
! # 35 RU-VLG Vologda Oblast
! # 36 RU-VOR Voronezh Oblast
! # 37 RU-IVA Ivanovo Oblast
! # 40 RU-KLU Kaluga Oblast
! # 44 RU-KOS Kostroma Oblast
! # 46 RU-KRS Kursk Oblast
! # 47 RU-LEN Leningrad Oblast
! # 48 RU-LIP Lipetsk Oblast
! # 50 RU-MOS Moscow Oblast
! # 51 RU-MUR Murmansk Oblast
! # 52 RU-NIZ Nizhny Novgorod Oblast
! # 53 RU-NGR Novgorod Oblast
! # 57 RU-ORL Oryol Oblast
! # 58 RU-PNZ Penza Oblast
! # 60 RU-PSK Pskov Oblast
! # 61 RU-ROS Rostov Oblast
! # 62 RU-RYA Ryazan Oblast
! # 67 RU-SMO Smolensk Oblast
! # 68 RU-TAM Tambov Oblast
! # 69 RU-TVE Tver Oblast
! # 71 RU-TUL Tula Oblast
! # 73 RU-ULY Ulyanovsk Oblast
! # 76 RU-YAR Yaroslavl Oblast
! # 77 RU-MOW Moscow
! # 78 RU-SPE Saint Petersburg
! # 83 RU-NEN Nenets Autonomous Okrug
!
! # From Vladimir Karpinsky (2014-07-08):
! # LMT in Moscow (before Jul 3, 1916) is 2:30:17, that was defined by Moscow
! # Observatory (coordinates: 55 deg. 45'29.70", 37 deg. 34'05.30")....
! # LMT in Moscow since Jul 3, 1916 is 2:31:01 as a result of new standard.
! # (The info is from the book by Byalokoz E.L. New Counting of Time in Russia
! # since July 1, 1919, p. 18.) The time in St. Petersburg as capital of Russia
! # was defined by Pulkov observatory, near St. Petersburg. In 1916 LMT Moscow
! # was synchronized with LMT St. Petersburg (+30 minutes), (Pulkov observatory
! # coordinates: 59 deg. 46'18.70", 30 deg. 19'40.70") so 30 deg. 19'40.70" >
! # 2h01m18.7s = 2:01:19. LMT Moscow = LMT St.Petersburg + 30m 2:01:19 + 0:30 =
! # 2:31:19 ...
! #
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08):
! # Milne does not list Moscow, but suggests that its time might be listed in
! # Résumés mensuels et annuels des observations météorologiques (1895).
! # Presumably this is OCLC 85825704, a journal published with parallel text in
! # Russian and French. This source has not been located; go with Karpinsky.
!
! Zone Europe/Moscow 2:30:17 - LMT 1880
! 2:30:17 - MMT 1916 Jul 3 # Moscow Mean Time
! 2:31:19 Russia %s 1919 Jul 1 2:00
! 3:00 Russia %s 1921 Oct
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1922 Oct
2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
2:00 Russia EE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 3:00 - MSK
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Europe/Simferopol covers...
! # ** **** Crimea, Republic of
! # ** **** Sevastopol
!
! Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
! 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
! 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
! 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
! 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
! 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
! 2:00 - EET 1992
! # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
#
! # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
! # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
! # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
! # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
! # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
! # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
! # changed in May.
! 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
! # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
! 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
! 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
! # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
! # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
! 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
! # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
! # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
! # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
! # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
! # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
! # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
! 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
! 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 3:00 - MSK
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Europe/Volgograd covers...
! # 30 RU-AST Astrakhan Oblast
! # 34 RU-VGG Volgograd Oblast
! # 43 RU-KIR Kirov Oblast
! # 64 RU-SAR Saratov Oblast
!
! # From Paul Eggert (2006-05-09):
! # Shanks & Pottenger say Kirov is still at +0400 but Wikipedia says +0300.
! # Perhaps it switched after the others? But we have no data.
!
Zone Europe/Volgograd 2:57:40 - LMT 1920 Jan 3
3:00 - TSAT 1925 Apr 6 # Tsaritsyn Time
3:00 - STAT 1930 Jun 21 # Stalingrad Time
4:00 - STAT 1961 Nov 11
4:00 Russia VOL%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Volgograd T
3:00 Russia VOL%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 - VOLT 1992 Mar 29 2:00s
! 3:00 Russia MSK 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 4:00 - MSK 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 3:00 - MSK
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
! # Europe/Samara covers...
! # 18 RU-UD Udmurt Republic
! # 63 RU-SAM Samara Oblast
!
Zone Europe/Samara 3:20:36 - LMT 1919 Jul 1 2:00
3:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21
4:00 - SAMT 1935 Jan 27
4:00 Russia KUY%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00s # Kuybyshev
! 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
! 2:00 Russia EE%sT 1991 Sep 29 2:00s
3:00 - KUYT 1991 Oct 20 3:00
4:00 Russia SAM%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s # Samara Time
3:00 Russia SAM%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
4:00 - SAMT
+
+ # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+ # Asia/Yekaterinburg covers...
+ # 02 RU-BA Bashkortostan, Republic of
+ # 90 RU-PER Perm Krai
+ # 45 RU-KGN Kurgan Oblast
+ # 56 RU-ORE Orenburg Oblast
+ # 66 RU-SVE Sverdlovsk Oblast
+ # 72 RU-TYU Tyumen Oblast
+ # 74 RU-CHE Chelyabinsk Oblast
+ # 86 RU-KHM Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug - Yugra
+ # 89 RU-YAN Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Okrug
#
! # Note: Effective 2005-12-01, (59) Perm Oblast and (81) Komi-Permyak
! # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (90, RU-PER) Perm Krai.
!
! # Milne says Yekaterinburg time was 4:02:32.9; round to nearest.
!
! Zone Asia/Yekaterinburg 4:02:33 - LMT 1919 Jul 15 4:00
4:00 - SVET 1930 Jun 21 # Sverdlovsk Time
5:00 Russia SVE%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
4:00 Russia SVE%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
5:00 Russia YEK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 6:00 - YEKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 5:00 - YEKT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
! # Asia/Omsk covers...
! # 04 RU-AL Altai Republic
! # 22 RU-ALT Altai Krai
! # 55 RU-OMS Omsk Oblast
!
Zone Asia/Omsk 4:53:36 - LMT 1919 Nov 14
! 5:00 - OMST 1930 Jun 21 # Omsk Time
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
5:00 Russia OMS%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
6:00 Russia OMS%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 7:00 - OMST 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 6:00 - OMST
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Asia/Novosibirsk covers...
! # 54 RU-NVS Novosibirsk Oblast
! # 70 RU-TOM Tomsk Oblast
!
# From Paul Eggert (2006-08-19): I'm guessing about Tomsk here; it's
# not clear when it switched from +7 to +6.
!
Zone Asia/Novosibirsk 5:31:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 14 6:00
6:00 - NOVT 1930 Jun 21 # Novosibirsk Time
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia NOV%sT 1993 May 23 # say Shanks & P.
6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 6:00 - NOVT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Asia/Novokuznetsk covers...
! # 42 RU-KEM Kemerovo Oblast
# From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-13):
# Kemerovo oblast' (Kemerovo region) in Russia will change current time zone on
# March 28, 2010:
# from current Russia Zone 6 - Krasnoyarsk Time Zone (KRA) UTC +0700
*** 2317,2500 ****
# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
- # <a href="http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archiv">
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
- # </a>
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
- # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html">
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
- # </a>
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
#
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
! 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 7:00 - NOVT # Novosibirsk/Novokuznetsk Time
#
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
! # Krasnoyarskij kraj,
! # Tajmyrskij (Dolgano-Nenetskij) avtonomnyj okrug,
! # Respublika Tuva, Respublika Khakasiya, Evenkijskij avtonomnyj okrug.
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 8:00 - KRAT
#
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
! # Respublika Buryatiya, Irkutskaya oblast',
! # Ust'-Ordynskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug.
! Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:20 - LMT 1880
! 6:57:20 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 9:00 - IRKT
#
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
! # Aginskij Buryatskij avtonomnyj okrug, Amurskaya oblast',
! # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya), Chitinskaya oblast'.
!
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
! # ...some regions of [Russia] were merged with others since 2005...
! # Some names were changed, no big deal, except for one instance: a new name.
! # YAK/YAKST: UTC+9 Zabajkal'skij kraj.
!
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
! # The Sakha districts are: Aldanskij, Amginskij, Anabarskij,
! # Verkhnevilyujskij, Vilyujskij, Gornyj,
! # Zhiganskij, Kobyajskij, Lenskij, Megino-Kangalasskij, Mirninskij,
! # Namskij, Nyurbinskij, Olenyokskij, Olyokminskij,
! # Suntarskij, Tattinskij, Ust'-Aldanskij, Khangalasskij,
! # Churapchinskij, Eveno-Bytantajskij Natsional'nij.
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 10:00 - YAKT
#
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
! # Evrejskaya avtonomnaya oblast', Khabarovskij kraj, Primorskij kraj,
! # [parts of] Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
!
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
! # The Sakha districts are: Bulunskij, Verkhoyanskij, ... Ust'-Yanskij.
! Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:44 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
! 9:00 Russia VLA%sST 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 11:00 - VLAT
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
! #
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
! #
Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
! 10:00 - YAKT
! #
! # Sakhalinskaya oblast'.
! # The Zone name should be Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
! 9:00 - CJT 1938
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 11:00 - SAKT
! #
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2003-10-18): [This region consists of]
! # Magadanskaya oblast', Respublika Sakha (Yakutiya).
! # Probably also: Kuril Islands.
!
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
! # The Sakha districts are: Abyjskij, Allaikhovskij, Verkhhhnekolymskij, Momskij,
! # Nizhnekolymskij, ... Srednekolymskij.
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 12:00 - MAGT
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
! # Ojmyakonskij and the Kuril Islands switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
! 11:00 - VLAT
! # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25): [This region consists of]
! # Kamchatskaya oblast', Koryakskij avtonomnyj okrug.
#
! # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - PETT
! #
! # Chukotskij avtonomnyj okrug
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - ANAT
# San Marino
# See Europe/Rome.
# Serbia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
! # Metod Kozelj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
! # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Kozelj.
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
--- 2478,2816 ----
# This is according to Government of Russia decree # 740, on September
# 14, 2009 "Application in the territory of the Kemerovo region the Fifth
# time zone." ("Russia Zone 5" or old "USSR Zone 5" is GMT +0600)
#
# Russian Government web site (Russian language)
# http://www.government.ru/content/governmentactivity/rfgovernmentdecisions/archive/2009/09/14/991633.htm
# or Russian-English translation by WorldTimeZone.com with reference
# map to local region and new Russia Time Zone map after March 28, 2010
# http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_russia03.html
#
# Thus, when Russia will switch to DST on the night of March 28, 2010
# Kemerovo region (Kemerovo oblast') will not change the clock.
#
# As a result, Kemerovo oblast' will be in the same time zone as
# Novosibirsk, Omsk, Tomsk, Barnaul and Altai Republic.
+ # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+ # The Kemerovo region will remain at UTC+7 through the 2014-10-26 change, thus
+ # realigning itself with KRAT.
+
Zone Asia/Novokuznetsk 5:48:48 - NMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
! 6:00 Russia NOV%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s # Novosibirsk T
! 7:00 - NOVT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 7:00 - KRAT # Krasnoyarsk Time
!
+ # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
+ # Asia/Krasnoyarsk covers...
+ # 17 RU-TY Tuva Republic
+ # 19 RU-KK Khakassia, Republic of
+ # 24 RU-KYA Krasnoyarsk Krai
#
! # Note: Effective 2007-01-01, (88) Evenk Autonomous Okrug and (84) Taymyr
! # Autonomous Okrug were merged into (24, RU-KYA) Krasnoyarsk Krai.
!
Zone Asia/Krasnoyarsk 6:11:20 - LMT 1920 Jan 6
6:00 - KRAT 1930 Jun 21 # Krasnoyarsk Time
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
6:00 Russia KRA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
7:00 Russia KRA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 8:00 - KRAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 7:00 - KRAT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
! # Asia/Irkutsk covers...
! # 03 RU-BU Buryatia, Republic of
! # 38 RU-IRK Irkutsk Oblast
#
! # Note: Effective 2008-01-01, (85) Ust-Orda Buryat Autonomous Okrug was
! # merged into (38, RU-IRK) Irkutsk Oblast.
!
! # Milne says Irkutsk time was 6:57:15.
!
! Zone Asia/Irkutsk 6:57:15 - LMT 1880
! 6:57:15 - IMT 1920 Jan 25 # Irkutsk Mean Time
7:00 - IRKT 1930 Jun 21 # Irkutsk Time
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
7:00 Russia IRK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
8:00 Russia IRK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 9:00 - IRKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 8:00 - IRKT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
! # Asia/Chita covers...
! # 92 RU-ZAB Zabaykalsky Krai
#
! # Note: Effective 2008-03-01, (75) Chita Oblast and (80) Agin-Buryat
! # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (92, RU-ZAB) Zabaykalsky Krai.
!
! Zone Asia/Chita 7:33:52 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
! 8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
! 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
! 8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
! 9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 8:00 - IRKT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
! # Asia/Yakutsk covers...
! # 28 RU-AMU Amur Oblast
! #
! # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
! # 14-02 **** Aldansky District
! # 14-04 **** Amginsky District
! # 14-05 **** Anabarsky District
! # 14-06 **** Bulunsky District
! # 14-07 **** Verkhnevilyuysky District
! # 14-10 **** Vilyuysky District
! # 14-11 **** Gorny District
! # 14-12 **** Zhigansky District
! # 14-13 **** Kobyaysky District
! # 14-14 **** Lensky District
! # 14-15 **** Megino-Kangalassky District
! # 14-16 **** Mirninsky District
! # 14-18 **** Namsky District
! # 14-19 **** Neryungrinsky District
! # 14-21 **** Nyurbinsky District
! # 14-23 **** Olenyoksky District
! # 14-24 **** Olyokminsky District
! # 14-26 **** Suntarsky District
! # 14-27 **** Tattinsky District
! # 14-29 **** Ust-Aldansky District
! # 14-32 **** Khangalassky District
! # 14-33 **** Churapchinsky District
! # 14-34 **** Eveno-Bytantaysky National District
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Our commentary seems to have lost mention of (14-19) Neryungrinsky District.
! # Since the surrounding districts of Sakha are all YAKT, assume this is, too.
! # Also assume its history has been the same as the rest of Asia/Yakutsk.
Zone Asia/Yakutsk 8:38:40 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 9:00 - YAKT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
! # Asia/Vladivostok covers...
! # 25 RU-PRI Primorsky Krai
! # 27 RU-KHA Khabarovsk Krai
! # 79 RU-YEV Jewish Autonomous Oblast
#
! # ...and parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
! # 14-09 **** Verkhoyansky District
! # 14-31 **** Ust-Yansky District
!
! # Milne says Vladivostok time was 8:47:33.5; round to nearest.
!
! Zone Asia/Vladivostok 8:47:34 - LMT 1922 Nov 15
9:00 - VLAT 1930 Jun 21 # Vladivostok Time
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
! 9:00 Russia VLA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 10:00 - VLAT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Asia/Khandyga covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
! # 14-28 **** Tomponsky District
! # 14-30 **** Ust-Maysky District
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
# Tomponskij and Ust'-Majskij switched from Vladivostok time to Yakutsk time
# in 2011.
!
# From Paul Eggert (2012-11-25):
# Shanks and Pottenger (2003) has Khandyga on Yakutsk time.
# Make a wild guess that it switched to Vladivostok time in 2004.
# This transition is no doubt wrong, but we have no better info.
!
Zone Asia/Khandyga 9:02:13 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
8:00 Russia YAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
9:00 Russia YAK%sT 2004
10:00 Russia VLA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
11:00 - VLAT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
! 10:00 - YAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 9:00 - YAKT
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Asia/Sakhalin covers...
! # 65 RU-SAK Sakhalin Oblast
! # ...with the exception of:
! # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
!
! # The Zone name should be Asia/Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, but that's too long.
Zone Asia/Sakhalin 9:30:48 - LMT 1905 Aug 23
! 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1
9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 25
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s # Sakhalin T.
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia SAK%sT 1997 Mar lastSun 2:00s
10:00 Russia SAK%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 11:00 - SAKT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 10:00 - SAKT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2009-11-29):
! # Asia/Magadan covers...
! # 49 RU-MAG Magadan Oblast
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
! # Magadan Oblast is moving from UTC+12 to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26; however,
! # several districts of Sakha Republic as well as Severo-Kurilsky District of
! # the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands), represented
! # until now by Asia/Magadan, will instead move to UTC+11. These regions will
! # need their own zone.
!
Zone Asia/Magadan 10:03:12 - LMT 1924 May 2
10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 10:00 - MAGT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
! # Asia/Srednekolymsk covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
! # 14-01 **** Abyysky District
! # 14-03 **** Allaikhovsky District
! # 14-08 **** Verkhnekolymsky District
! # 14-17 **** Momsky District
! # 14-20 **** Nizhnekolymsky District
! # 14-25 **** Srednekolymsky District
! #
! # ...and parts of (65, RU-SAK) Sakhalin Oblast:
! # 65-11 **** Severo-Kurilsky District (North Kuril Islands)
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-02):
! # Oymyakonsky District of Sakha Republic (represented by Ust-Nera), along with
! # most of Sakhalin Oblast (represented by Sakhalin) will be moving to UTC+10 on
! # 2014-10-26 to stay aligned with VLAT/SAKT; however, Severo-Kurilsky District
! # of the Sakhalin Oblast (also known as the North Kuril Islands, represented by
! # Severo-Kurilsk) will remain on UTC+11.
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06):
! # Assume North Kuril Islands have history like Magadan before 2011-03-27.
! # There is a decent chance this is wrong, in which case a new zone
! # Asia/Severo-Kurilsk would become necessary.
! #
! # Srednekolymsk and Zyryanka are the most populous places amongst these
! # districts, but have very similar populations. In fact, Wikipedia currently
! # lists them both as having 3528 people, exactly 1668 males and 1860 females
! # each! (Yikes!)
! # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Srednekolymsky_District&oldid=603435276
! # http://en.wikipedia.org/w/?title=Verkhnekolymsky_District&oldid=594378493
! # Assume this is a mistake, albeit an amusing one.
! #
! # Looking at censuses, the populations of the two municipalities seem to have
! # fluctuated recently. Zyryanka was more populous than Srednekolymsk in the
! # 1989 and 2002 censuses, but Srednekolymsk was more populous in the most
! # recent (2010) census, 3525 to 3170. (See pages 195 and 197 of
! # http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/perepis2010/croc/Documents/Vol1/pub-01-05.pdf
! # in Russian.) In addition, Srednekolymsk appears to be a much older
! # settlement and the population of Zyryanka seems to be declining.
! # Go with Srednekolymsk.
! #
! # Since Magadan Oblast moves to UTC+10 on 2014-10-26, we cannot keep using MAGT
! # as the abbreviation. Use SRET instead.
!
! Zone Asia/Srednekolymsk 10:14:52 - LMT 1924 May 2
! 10:00 - MAGT 1930 Jun 21 # Magadan Time
! 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
! 10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
! 11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
! 12:00 - MAGT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 11:00 - SRET # Srednekolymsk Time
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Asia/Ust-Nera covers parts of (14, RU-SA) Sakha (Yakutia) Republic:
! # 14-22 **** Oymyakonsky District
# From Arthur David Olson (2012-05-09):
! # Ojmyakonskij [and the Kuril Islands] switched from
# Magadan time to Vladivostok time in 2011.
+ #
+ # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-06), per Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-07-02):
+ # It's unlikely that any of the Kuril Islands were involved in such a switch,
+ # as the South and Middle Kurils have been on UTC+11 (SAKT) with the rest of
+ # Sakhalin Oblast since at least 2011-09, and the North Kurils have been on
+ # UTC+12 since at least then, too.
+
Zone Asia/Ust-Nera 9:32:54 - LMT 1919 Dec 15
8:00 - YAKT 1930 Jun 21 # Yakutsk Time
9:00 Russia YAKT 1981 Apr 1
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
10:00 Russia MAG%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
11:00 Russia MAG%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - MAGT 2011 Sep 13 0:00s # Decree 725?
! 11:00 - VLAT 2014 Oct 26 2:00s
! 10:00 - VLAT
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03), per Oscar van Vlijmen (2001-08-25):
! # Asia/Kamchatka covers...
! # 91 RU-KAM Kamchatka Krai
#
! # Note: Effective 2007-07-01, (41) Kamchatka Oblast and (82) Koryak
! # Autonomous Okrug merged to form (91, RU-KAM) Kamchatka Krai.
!
! # The Zone name should be Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatski or perhaps
! # Asia/Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky, but these are too long.
Zone Asia/Kamchatka 10:34:36 - LMT 1922 Nov 10
11:00 - PETT 1930 Jun 21 # P-K Time
12:00 Russia PET%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
11:00 Russia PET%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
12:00 Russia PET%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
11:00 Russia PET%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - PETT
!
!
! # From Tim Parenti (2014-07-03):
! # Asia/Anadyr covers...
! # 87 RU-CHU Chukotka Autonomous Okrug
!
Zone Asia/Anadyr 11:49:56 - LMT 1924 May 2
12:00 - ANAT 1930 Jun 21 # Anadyr Time
13:00 Russia ANA%sT 1982 Apr 1 0:00s
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00s
12:00 Russia ANA%sT 2010 Mar 28 2:00s
11:00 Russia ANA%sT 2011 Mar 27 2:00s
12:00 - ANAT
+
# San Marino
# See Europe/Rome.
# Serbia
# Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
Zone Europe/Belgrade 1:22:00 - LMT 1884
1:00 - CET 1941 Apr 18 23:00
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1945
1:00 - CET 1945 May 8 2:00s
1:00 1:00 CEST 1945 Sep 16 2:00s
! # Metod Koželj reports that the legal date of
# transition to EU rules was 1982-11-27, for all of Yugoslavia at the time.
! # Shanks & Pottenger don't give as much detail, so go with Koželj.
1:00 - CET 1982 Nov 27
1:00 EU CE%sT
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Ljubljana # Slovenia
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Podgorica # Montenegro
Link Europe/Belgrade Europe/Sarajevo # Bosnia and Herzegovina
*** 2581,2620 ****
# Sweden
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
#
! # The law "Svensk forfattningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
! # forfattningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
! # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk forfattningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
! # the Sok-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
--- 2897,2936 ----
# Sweden
# From Ivan Nilsson (2001-04-13), superseding Shanks & Pottenger:
#
! # The law "Svensk författningssamling 1878, no 14" about standard time in 1879:
# From the beginning of 1879 (that is 01-01 00:00) the time for all
# places in the country is "the mean solar time for the meridian at
# three degrees, or twelve minutes of time, to the west of the
# meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated 1878-05-31.
#
# The observatory at that time had the meridian 18 degrees 03' 30"
# eastern longitude = 01:12:14 in time. Less 12 minutes gives the
# national standard time as 01:00:14 ahead of GMT....
#
# About the beginning of CET in Sweden. The lawtext ("Svensk
! # författningssamling 1899, no 44") states, that "from the beginning
# of 1900... ... the same as the mean solar time for the meridian at
# the distance of one hour of time from the meridian of the English
# observatory at Greenwich, or at 12 minutes 14 seconds to the west
# from the meridian of the Observatory of Stockholm". The law is dated
# 1899-06-16. In short: At 1900-01-01 00:00:00 the new standard time
# in Sweden is 01:00:00 ahead of GMT.
#
! # 1916: The lawtext ("Svensk författningssamling 1916, no 124") states
# that "1916-05-15 is considered to begin one hour earlier". It is
# pretty obvious that at 05-14 23:00 the clocks are set to 05-15 00:00....
# Further the law says, that "1916-09-30 is considered to end one hour later".
#
# The laws regulating [DST] are available on the site of the Swedish
# Parliament beginning with 1985 - the laws regulating 1980/1984 are
# not available on the site (to my knowledge they are only available
# in Swedish): <http://www.riksdagen.se/english/work/sfst.asp> (type
# "sommartid" without the quotes in the field "Fritext" and then click
! # the Sök-button).
#
# (2001-05-13):
#
# I have now found a newspaper stating that at 1916-10-01 01:00
# summertime the church-clocks etc were set back one hour to show
*** 2635,2645 ****
# Switzerland
# From Howse:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
! # mean time in preference to apparent time -- Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
--- 2951,2961 ----
# Switzerland
# From Howse:
# By the end of the 18th century clocks and watches became commonplace
# and their performance improved enormously. Communities began to keep
! # mean time in preference to apparent time - Geneva from 1780 ....
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
# From Whitman (who writes "Midnight?"):
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Nov 2 0:00 1:00 S
# Rule Swiss 1940 only - Dec 31 0:00 0 -
# From Shanks & Pottenger:
*** 2651,2661 ****
#
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
! # government, in 'Eidgen[o]ssische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
#
--- 2967,2977 ----
#
# As I wrote in an earlier message, I suspected the current tzdata values
# to be wrong. This is now verified.
#
# I have found copies of the original ruling by the Swiss Federal
! # government, in 'Eidgenössische Gesetzessammlung 1941 and 1942' (Swiss
# federal law collection)...
#
# DST began on Monday 5 May 1941, 1:00 am by shifting the clocks to 2:00 am
# DST ended on Monday 6 Oct 1941, 2:00 am by shifting the clocks to 1:00 am.
#
*** 2670,2680 ****
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
! # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traite de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
#
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
--- 2986,2996 ----
# Newspaper articles I have read in the archives on 6 May 1941 reported
# about the introduction of DST (Sommerzeit in German) during the previous
# night as an absolute novelty, because this was the first time that such
# a thing had happened in Switzerland.
#
! # I have also checked 1916, because one book source (Gabriel, Traité de
# l'heure dans le monde) claims that Switzerland had DST in 1916. This is
# false, no official document could be found. Probably Gabriel got misled
# by references to Germany, which introduced DST in 1916 for the first time.
#
# The tzdata rules for Switzerland must be changed to:
*** 2684,2705 ****
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
! # the Cantone Geneve (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneve did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
#
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
# The Federal regulations say
# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
! # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26'22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
! # the "Circulaire du conseil federal" (December 11 1893)
# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
# hour before the beginning of service.
--- 3000,3021 ----
# The 1940 rules must be deleted.
#
# One further detail for Switzerland, which is probably out of scope for
# most users of tzdata: The [Europe/Zurich zone] ...
# describes all of Switzerland correctly, with the exception of
! # the Canton de Genève (Geneva, Genf). Between 1848 and 1894 Geneva did not
# follow Bern Mean Time but kept its own local mean time.
# To represent this, an extra zone would be needed.
#
# From Alois Treindl (2013-09-11):
# The Federal regulations say
# http://www.admin.ch/opc/de/classified-compilation/20071096/index.html
! # ... the meridian for Bern mean time ... is 7 degrees 26' 22.50".
# Expressed in time, it is 0h29m45.5s.
# From Pierre-Yves Berger (2013-09-11):
! # the "Circulaire du conseil fédéral" (December 11 1893)
# <http://www.amtsdruckschriften.bar.admin.ch/viewOrigDoc.do?id=10071353> ...
# clearly states that the [1894-06-01] change should be done at midnight
# but if no one is present after 11 at night, could be postponed until one
# hour before the beginning of service.
*** 2707,2724 ****
# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
#
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
#
! # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmassig, punktlich, schnell: Zeiteinteilung und
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
#
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
! # "Bundesgesetz uber die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
--- 3023,3040 ----
# Round BMT to the nearest even second, 0:29:46.
#
# We can find no reliable source for Shanks's assertion that all of Switzerland
# except Geneva switched to Bern Mean Time at 00:00 on 1848-09-12. This book:
#
! # Jakob Messerli. Gleichmässig, pünktlich, schnell. Zeiteinteilung und
# Zeitgebrauch in der Schweiz im 19. Jahrhundert. Chronos, Zurich 1995,
# ISBN 3-905311-68-2, OCLC 717570797.
#
# suggests that the transition was more gradual, and that the Swiss did not
# agree about civil time during the transition. The timekeeping it gives the
# most detail for is postal and telegraph time: here, federal legislation (the
! # "Bundesgesetz über die Erstellung von elektrischen Telegraphen") passed on
# 1851-11-23, and an official implementation notice was published 1853-07-16
# (Bundesblatt 1853, Bd. II, S. 859). On p 72 Messerli writes that in
# practice since July 1853 Bernese time was used in "all postal and telegraph
# offices in Switzerland from Geneva to St. Gallen and Basel to Chiasso"
# (Google translation). For now, model this transition as occurring on
*** 2736,2746 ****
# Turkey
# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
! # ... The latest rules are available at -
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
--- 3052,3062 ----
# Turkey
# From Amar Devegowda (2007-01-03):
# The time zone rules for Istanbul, Turkey have not been changed for years now.
! # ... The latest rules are available at:
# http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=107
# From Steffen Thorsen (2007-01-03):
# I have been able to find press records back to 1996 which all say that
# DST started 01:00 local time and end at 02:00 local time. I am not sure
# what happened before that. One example for each year from 1996 to 2001:
*** 2761,2772 ****
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
! # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
! #
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
# Turkish:
--- 3077,3087 ----
# http://rega.basbakanlik.gov.tr/eskiler/2007/03/20070307-7.htm
# I was able to locate the following seemingly official document
# (on a non-government server though) describing dates between 2002 and 2006:
# http://www.alomaliye.com/bkk_2002_3769.htm
! # From Gökdeniz Karadağ (2011-03-10):
# According to the articles linked below, Turkey will change into summer
# time zone (GMT+3) on March 28, 2011 at 3:00 a.m. instead of March 27.
# This change is due to a nationwide exam on 27th.
# http://www.worldbulletin.net/?aType=haber&ArticleID=70872
# Turkish:
*** 2775,2787 ****
# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
# Turkish Local election....
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-02-17):
! # Here is an English-language source:
! # http://www.worldbulletin.net/turkey/129016/turkey-switches-to-daylight-saving-time-march-31
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
--- 3090,3109 ----
# From Faruk Pasin (2014-02-14):
# The DST for Turkey has been changed for this year because of the
# Turkish Local election....
# http://www.sabah.com.tr/Ekonomi/2014/02/12/yaz-saatinde-onemli-degisiklik
# ... so Turkey will move clocks forward one hour on March 31 at 3:00 a.m.
! # From Randal L. Schwartz (2014-04-15):
! # Having landed on a flight from the states to Istanbul (via AMS) on March 31,
! # I can tell you that NOBODY (even the airlines) respected this timezone DST
! # change delay. Maybe the word just didn't get out in time.
! # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-15):
! # The press reported massive confusion, as election officials obeyed the rule
! # change but cell phones (and airline baggage systems) did not. See:
! # Kostidis M. Eventful elections in Turkey. Balkan News Agency
! # http://www.balkaneu.com/eventful-elections-turkey/ 2014-03-30.
! # I guess the best we can do is document the official time.
# Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S
Rule Turkey 1916 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 -
Rule Turkey 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S
*** 2868,2878 ****
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
#
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
! # Ukraine abolishes transter back to the winter time (in Russian)
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
#
--- 3190,3200 ----
# abolish the transfer clock to winter time.
#
# Bill number 8330 of MP from the Party of Regions Oleg Nadoshi got
# approval from 266 deputies.
#
! # Ukraine abolishes transfer back to the winter time (in Russian)
# http://news.mail.ru/politics/6861560/
#
# The Ukrainians will no longer change the clock (in Russian)
# http://www.segodnya.ua/news/14290482.html
#
*** 2934,2944 ****
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
! # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Ukrainian name, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 - CET 1940
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
--- 3256,3266 ----
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990 Jul 1 2:00
2:00 1:00 EEST 1991 Sep 29 3:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
# Ruthenia used CET 1990/1991.
! # "Uzhhorod" is the transliteration of the Rusyn/Ukrainian pronunciation, but
# "Uzhgorod" is more common in English.
Zone Europe/Uzhgorod 1:29:12 - LMT 1890 Oct
1:00 - CET 1940
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Oct
1:00 1:00 CEST 1944 Oct 26
*** 2960,3002 ****
3:00 - MSK 1941 Aug 25
1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1943 Oct 25
3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1991 Mar 31 2:00
2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1995
2:00 EU EE%sT
- # Central Crimea used Moscow time 1994/1997.
- Zone Europe/Simferopol 2:16:24 - LMT 1880
- 2:16 - SMT 1924 May 2 # Simferopol Mean T
- 2:00 - EET 1930 Jun 21
- 3:00 - MSK 1941 Nov
- 1:00 C-Eur CE%sT 1944 Apr 13
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1990
- 3:00 - MSK 1990 Jul 1 2:00
- 2:00 - EET 1992
- # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
- # The _Economist_ (1994-05-28, p 45) reports that central Crimea switched
- # from Kiev to Moscow time sometime after the January 1994 elections.
- # Shanks (1999) says "date of change uncertain", but implies that it happened
- # sometime between the 1994 DST switches. Shanks & Pottenger simply say
- # 1994-09-25 03:00, but that can't be right. For now, guess it
- # changed in May.
- 2:00 E-Eur EE%sT 1994 May
- # From IATA SSIM (1994/1997), which also says that Kerch is still like Kiev.
- 3:00 E-Eur MSK/MSD 1996 Mar 31 3:00s
- 3:00 1:00 MSD 1996 Oct 27 3:00s
- # IATA SSIM (1997-09) says Crimea switched to EET/EEST.
- # Assume it happened in March by not changing the clocks.
- 3:00 Russia MSK/MSD 1997
- 3:00 - MSK 1997 Mar lastSun 1:00u
- # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2014-03-17):
- # time change at 2:00 (2am) on March 30, 2014
- # http://vz.ru/news/2014/3/17/677464.html
- # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-30):
- # Simferopol and Sevastopol reportedly changed their central town clocks
- # late the previous day, but this appears to have been ceremonial
- # and the discrepancies are small enough to not worry about.
- 2:00 EU EE%sT 2014 Mar 30 2:00
- 4:00 - MSK
# Vatican City
# See Europe/Rome.
###############################################################################
--- 3282,3291 ----
*** 3024,3034 ****
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
# years...
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
! # lastSun' in 1981---I don't know how they handle now.
#
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
#
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,
--- 3313,3323 ----
# 'Apr firstSun', and not on 'Mar lastSun' as in the following
# years...
# But also since 1981 there are some more national exceptions
# than listed in 'europe': Switzerland, for example, joined DST
# one year later, Denmark ended DST on 'Oct 1' instead of 'Sep
! # lastSun' in 1981 - I don't know how they handle now.
#
# Finally, DST ist always from 'Apr 1' to 'Oct 1' in the
# Soviet Union (as far as I know).
#
# Tom Hofmann, Scientific Computer Center, CIBA-GEIGY AG,