1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 33 # 34 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # 38 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 39 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 40 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 41 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 42 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 43 # 44 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 45 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 46 # 47 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 48 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 49 # I found in the UCLA library. 50 # 51 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 52 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 53 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 54 # 55 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is: 56 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919. 57 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.) 58 # 59 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 60 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 61 # 62 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 63 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 64 # Corrections are welcome! 65 # std dst 66 # LMT Local Mean Time 67 # 2:00 EET EEST Eastern European Time 68 # 2:00 IST IDT Israel 69 # 3:00 AST ADT Arabia* 70 # 3:30 IRST IRDT Iran 71 # 4:00 GST Gulf* 72 # 5:30 IST India 73 # 7:00 ICT Indochina* 74 # 7:00 WIB west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat) 75 # 8:00 WITA central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah) 76 # 8:00 CST China 77 # 8:00 JWST Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)* 78 # 9:00 JCST Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937) 79 # 9:00 WIT east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur) 80 # 9:00 JST JDT Japan 81 # 9:00 KST KDT Korea 82 # 9:30 ACST Australian Central Standard Time 83 # 84 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia. 85 86 # From Guy Harris: 87 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as 88 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental 89 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide - 90 # Worldwide Edition). The names for time zones are guesses. 91 92 ############################################################################### 93 94 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file. 95 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 96 Rule EUAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 1:00u 1:00 S 97 Rule EUAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 1:00u 0 - 98 Rule EUAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 1:00u 0 - 99 Rule E-EurAsia 1981 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 100 Rule E-EurAsia 1979 1995 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 101 Rule E-EurAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 102 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 103 Rule RussiaAsia 1981 1983 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 104 Rule RussiaAsia 1984 1991 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 105 Rule RussiaAsia 1985 1991 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 106 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Mar lastSat 23:00 1:00 S 107 Rule RussiaAsia 1992 only - Sep lastSat 23:00 0 - 108 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 max - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 109 Rule RussiaAsia 1993 1995 - Sep lastSun 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule RussiaAsia 1996 max - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 111 112 # Afghanistan 113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 114 Zone Asia/Kabul 4:36:48 - LMT 1890 115 4:00 - AFT 1945 116 4:30 - AFT 117 118 # Armenia 119 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 120 # Shanks & Pottenger have Yerevan switching to 3:00 (with Russian DST) 121 # in spring 1991, then to 4:00 with no DST in fall 1995, then 122 # readopting Russian DST in 1997. Go with Shanks & Pottenger, even 123 # when they disagree with others. Edgar Der-Danieliantz 124 # reported (1996-05-04) that Yerevan probably wouldn't use DST 125 # in 1996, though it did use DST in 1995. IATA SSIM (1991/1998) reports that 126 # Armenia switched from 3:00 to 4:00 in 1998 and observed DST after 1991, 127 # but started switching at 3:00s in 1998. 128 129 # From Arthur David Olson (2011-06-15): 130 # While Russia abandoned DST in 2011, Armenia may choose to 131 # follow Russia's "old" rules. 132 133 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-02-10): 134 # According to News Armenia, on Feb 9, 2012, 135 # http://newsarmenia.ru/society/20120209/42609695.html 136 # 137 # The Armenia National Assembly adopted final reading of Amendments to the 138 # Law "On procedure of calculation time on the territory of the Republic of 139 # Armenia" according to which Armenia [is] abolishing Daylight Saving Time. 140 # or 141 # (brief) 142 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_armenia03.html 143 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 144 Zone Asia/Yerevan 2:58:00 - LMT 1924 May 2 145 3:00 - YERT 1957 Mar # Yerevan Time 146 4:00 RussiaAsia YER%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 147 3:00 1:00 YERST 1991 Sep 23 # independence 148 3:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 1995 Sep 24 2:00s 149 4:00 - AMT 1997 150 4:00 RussiaAsia AM%sT 2012 Mar 25 2:00s 151 4:00 - AMT 152 153 # Azerbaijan 154 # From Rustam Aliyev of the Azerbaijan Internet Forum (2005-10-23): 155 # According to the resolution of Cabinet of Ministers, 1997 156 # Resolution available at: http://aif.az/docs/daylight_res.pdf 157 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 158 Rule Azer 1997 max - Mar lastSun 4:00 1:00 S 159 Rule Azer 1997 max - Oct lastSun 5:00 0 - 160 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 161 Zone Asia/Baku 3:19:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 162 3:00 - BAKT 1957 Mar # Baku Time 163 4:00 RussiaAsia BAK%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 164 3:00 1:00 BAKST 1991 Aug 30 # independence 165 3:00 RussiaAsia AZ%sT 1992 Sep lastSat 23:00 166 4:00 - AZT 1996 # Azerbaijan Time 167 4:00 EUAsia AZ%sT 1997 168 4:00 Azer AZ%sT 169 170 # Bahrain 171 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 172 Zone Asia/Bahrain 3:22:20 - LMT 1920 # Manamah 173 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 174 3:00 - AST 175 176 # Bangladesh 177 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-05-13): 178 # According to newspaper Asian Tribune (May 6, 2009) Bangladesh may introduce 179 # Daylight Saving Time from June 16 to Sept 30 180 # 181 # Bangladesh to introduce daylight saving time likely from June 16 182 # http://www.asiantribune.com/?q=node/17288 183 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh02.html 184 # 185 # "... Bangladesh government has decided to switch daylight saving time from 186 # June 187 # 16 till September 30 in a bid to ensure maximum use of daylight to cope with 188 # crippling power crisis. " 189 # 190 # The switch will remain in effect from June 16 to Sept 30 (2009) but if 191 # implemented the next year, it will come in force from April 1, 2010 192 193 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-02): 194 # They have finally decided now, but changed the start date to midnight between 195 # the 19th and 20th, and they have not set the end date yet. 196 # 197 # Some sources: 198 # http://in.reuters.com/article/southAsiaNews/idINIndia-40017620090601 199 # http://bdnews24.com/details.php?id=85889&cid=2 200 # 201 # Our wrap-up: 202 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/bangladesh-daylight-saving-2009.html 203 204 # From A. N. M. Kamrus Saadat (2009-06-15): 205 # Finally we've got the official mail regarding DST start time where DST start 206 # time is mentioned as Jun 19 2009, 23:00 from BTRC (Bangladesh 207 # Telecommunication Regulatory Commission). 208 # 209 # No DST end date has been announced yet. 210 211 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-25): 212 # Bangladesh won't go back to Standard Time from October 1, 2009, 213 # instead it will continue DST measure till the cabinet makes a fresh decision. 214 # 215 # Following report by same newspaper-"The Daily Star Friday": 216 # "DST change awaits cabinet decision-Clock won't go back by 1-hr from Oct 1" 217 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=107021 218 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh04.html 219 220 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-13): 221 # IANS (Indo-Asian News Service) now reports: 222 # Bangladesh has decided that the clock advanced by an hour to make 223 # maximum use of daylight hours as an energy saving measure would 224 # "continue for an indefinite period." 225 # 226 # One of many places where it is published: 227 # http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/business/bangladesh-to-continue-indefinitely-with-advanced-time_100259987.html 228 229 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-12-24): 230 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 231 # Bangladesh will change its clock back to Standard Time on Dec 31, 2009. 232 # 233 # Clock goes back 1-hr on Dec 31 night. 234 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/news-details.php?nid=119228 235 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh05.html 236 # 237 # "...The government yesterday decided to put the clock back by one hour 238 # on December 31 midnight and the new time will continue until March 31, 239 # 2010 midnight. The decision came at a cabinet meeting at the Prime 240 # Minister's Office last night..." 241 242 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-22): 243 # According to Bangladesh newspaper "The Daily Star," 244 # Cabinet cancels Daylight Saving Time 245 # http://www.thedailystar.net/newDesign/latest_news.php?nid=22817 246 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_bangladesh06.html 247 248 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 249 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Jun 19 23:00 1:00 S 250 Rule Dhaka 2009 only - Dec 31 24:00 0 - 251 252 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 253 Zone Asia/Dhaka 6:01:40 - LMT 1890 254 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 255 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 256 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 257 6:30 - BURT 1951 Sep 30 258 6:00 - DACT 1971 Mar 26 # Dacca Time 259 6:00 - BDT 2009 260 6:00 Dhaka BD%sT 261 262 # Bhutan 263 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 264 Zone Asia/Thimphu 5:58:36 - LMT 1947 Aug 15 # or Thimbu 265 5:30 - IST 1987 Oct 266 6:00 - BTT # Bhutan Time 267 268 # British Indian Ocean Territory 269 # Whitman and the 1995 CIA time zone map say 5:00, but the 270 # 1997 and later maps say 6:00. Assume the switch occurred in 1996. 271 # We have no information as to when standard time was introduced; 272 # assume it occurred in 1907, the same year as Mauritius (which 273 # then contained the Chagos Archipelago). 274 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 275 Zone Indian/Chagos 4:49:40 - LMT 1907 276 5:00 - IOT 1996 # BIOT Time 277 6:00 - IOT 278 279 # Brunei 280 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 281 Zone Asia/Brunei 7:39:40 - LMT 1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan 282 7:30 - BNT 1933 283 8:00 - BNT 284 285 # Burma / Myanmar 286 287 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon. 288 289 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 290 Zone Asia/Rangoon 6:24:40 - LMT 1880 # or Yangon 291 6:24:40 - RMT 1920 # Rangoon Mean Time? 292 6:30 - BURT 1942 May # Burma Time 293 9:00 - JST 1945 May 3 294 6:30 - MMT # Myanmar Time 295 296 # Cambodia 297 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 298 Zone Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 299 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 300 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 301 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 302 7:00 - ICT 303 304 # China 305 306 # From Guy Harris: 307 # People's Republic of China. Yes, they really have only one time zone. 308 309 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28): 310 # No they don't. See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52. Even though 311 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the 312 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized. Since that date, China 313 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of 314 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region). I don't know about DST for it. 315 # 316 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too 317 # painful to suck in another copy. So, here is what I have for 318 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP): 319 # 320 # 1986 May 4 - Sept 14 321 # 1987 mid-April - ?? 322 323 # From U. S. Naval Observatory (1989-01-19): 324 # CHINA 8 H AHEAD OF UTC ALL OF CHINA, INCL TAIWAN 325 # CHINA 9 H AHEAD OF UTC APR 17 - SEP 10 326 327 # From Paul Eggert (2008-02-11): 328 # Jim Mann, "A clumsy embrace for another western custom: China on daylight 329 # time - sort of", Los Angeles Times, 1986-05-05 ... [says] that China began 330 # observing daylight saving time in 1986. 331 332 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 333 # Shanks & Pottenger have China switching to a single time zone in 1980, but 334 # this doesn't seem to be correct. They also write that China observed summer 335 # DST from 1986 through 1991, which seems to match the above commentary, so 336 # go with them for DST rules as follows: 337 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 338 Rule Shang 1940 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 339 Rule Shang 1940 1941 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 340 Rule Shang 1941 only - Mar 16 0:00 1:00 D 341 Rule PRC 1986 only - May 4 0:00 1:00 D 342 Rule PRC 1986 1991 - Sep Sun>=11 0:00 0 S 343 Rule PRC 1987 1991 - Apr Sun>=10 0:00 1:00 D 344 345 # From Anthony Fok (2001-12-20): 346 # BTW, I did some research on-line and found some info regarding these five 347 # historic timezones from some Taiwan websites. And yes, there are official 348 # Chinese names for these locales (before 1949). 349 # 350 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-07-14): 351 # I have investigated the timezones around 1970 on the 352 # http://www.astro.com/atlas site [with provinces and county 353 # boundaries summarized below].... A few other exceptions were two 354 # counties on the Sichuan side of the Xizang-Sichuan border, 355 # counties Dege and Baiyu which lies on the Sichuan side and are 356 # therefore supposed to be GMT+7, Xizang region being GMT+6, but Dege 357 # county is GMT+8 according to astro.com while Baiyu county is GMT+6 358 # (could be true), for the moment I am assuming that those two 359 # counties are mistakes in the astro.com data. 360 361 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 362 # Alois Treindl kindly sent me translations of the following two sources: 363 # 364 # (1) 365 # Guo Qingsheng (National Time-Service Center, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 366 # Beijing Time at the Beginning of the PRC 367 # China Historical Materials of Science and Technology 368 # (Zhongguo ke ji shi liao, 中国科技史料), Vol. 24, No. 1 (2003) 369 # It gives evidence that at the beginning of the PRC, Beijing time was 370 # officially apparent solar time! However, Guo also says that the 371 # evidence is dubious, as the relevant institute of astronomy had not 372 # been taken over by the PRC yet. It's plausible that apparent solar 373 # time was announced but never implemented, and that people continued 374 # to use UT+8. As the Shanghai radio station (and I presume the 375 # observatory) was still under control of French missionaries, it 376 # could well have ignored any such mandate. 377 # 378 # (2) 379 # Guo Qing-sheng (Shaanxi Astronomical Observatory, CAS, Xi'an 710600, China) 380 # A Study on the Standard Time Changes for the Past 100 Years in China 381 # [undated and unknown publication location] 382 # It says several things: 383 # * The Qing dynasty used local apparent solar time throughout China. 384 # * The Republic of China instituted Beijing mean solar time effective 385 # the official calendar book of 1914. 386 # * The French Concession in Shanghai set up signal stations in 387 # French docks in the 1890s, controlled by Xujiahui (Zikawei) 388 # Observatory and set to local mean time. 389 # * "From the end of the 19th century" it changed to UT+8. 390 # * Chinese Customs (by then reduced to a tool of foreign powers) 391 # eventually standardized on this time for all ports, and it 392 # became used by railways as well. 393 # * In 1918 the Central Observatory proposed dividing China into 394 # five time zones (see below for details). This caught on 395 # at first only in coastal areas observing UT+8. 396 # * During WWII all of China was in theory was at UT+7. In practice 397 # this was ignored in the west, and I presume was ignored in 398 # Japanese-occupied territory. 399 # * Japanese-occupied Manchuria was at UT+9, i.e., Japan time. 400 # * The five-zone plan was resurrected after WWII and officially put into 401 # place (with some modifications) in March 1948. It's not clear 402 # how well it was observed in areas under Nationalist control. 403 # * The People's Liberation Army used UT+8 during the civil war. 404 # 405 # An AP article "Shanghai Internat'l Area Little Changed" in the 406 # Lewiston (ME) Daily Sun (1939-05-29), p 17, said "Even the time is 407 # different - the occupied districts going by Tokyo time, an hour 408 # ahead of that prevailing in the rest of Shanghai." Guess that the 409 # Xujiahui Observatory was under French control and stuck with UT+8. 410 # 411 # In earlier versions of this file, China had many separate Zone entries, but 412 # this was based on what were apparently incorrect data in Shanks & Pottenger. 413 # This has now been simplified to the two entries Asia/Shanghai and 414 # Asia/Urumqi, with the others being links for backward compatibility. 415 # Proposed in 1918 and theoretically in effect until 1949 (although in practice 416 # mainly observed in coastal areas), the five zones were: 417 # 418 # Changbai Time ("Long-white Time", Long-white = Heilongjiang area) UT+8.5 419 # Asia/Harbin (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 420 # Heilongjiang (except Mohe county), Jilin 421 # 422 # Zhongyuan Time ("Central plain Time") UT+8 423 # Asia/Shanghai 424 # most of China 425 # This currently represents most other zones as well, 426 # as apparently these regions have been the same since 1970. 427 # Milne gives 8:05:43.2 for Xujiahui Observatory time; round to nearest. 428 # Guo says Shanghai switched to UT+8 "from the end of the 19th century". 429 # 430 # Long-shu Time (probably due to Long and Shu being two names of that area) UT+7 431 # Asia/Chongqing (currently a link to Asia/Shanghai) 432 # Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Ningxia, Sichuan, Shaanxi, and Yunnan; 433 # most of Gansu; west Inner Mongolia; west Qinghai; and the Guangdong 434 # counties Deqing, Enping, Kaiping, Luoding, Taishan, Xinxing, 435 # Yangchun, Yangjiang, Yu'nan, and Yunfu. 436 # 437 # Xin-zang Time ("Xinjiang-Tibet Time") UT+6 438 # Asia/Urumqi 439 # This currently represents Kunlun Time as well, 440 # as apparently the two regions have been the same since 1970. 441 # The Gansu counties Aksay, Anxi, Dunhuang, Subei; west Qinghai; 442 # the Guangdong counties Xuwen, Haikang, Suixi, Lianjiang, 443 # Zhanjiang, Wuchuan, Huazhou, Gaozhou, Maoming, Dianbai, and Xinyi; 444 # east Tibet, including Lhasa, Chamdo, Shigaise, Jimsar, Shawan and Hutubi; 445 # east Xinjiang, including Ürümqi, Turpan, Karamay, Korla, Minfeng, Jinghe, 446 # Wusu, Qiemo, Xinyan, Wulanwusu, Jinghe, Yumin, Tacheng, Tuoli, Emin, 447 # Shihezi, Changji, Yanqi, Heshuo, Tuokexun, Tulufan, Shanshan, Hami, 448 # Fukang, Kuitun, Kumukuli, Miquan, Qitai, and Turfan. 449 # 450 # Kunlun Time UT+5.5 451 # Asia/Kashgar (currently a link to Asia/Urumqi) 452 # West Tibet, including Pulan, Aheqi, Shufu, Shule; 453 # West Xinjiang, including Aksu, Atushi, Yining, Hetian, Cele, Luopu, Nileke, 454 # Zhaosu, Tekesi, Gongliu, Chabuchaer, Huocheng, Bole, Pishan, Suiding, 455 # and Yarkand. 456 457 # From Luther Ma (2009-10-17): 458 # Almost all (>99.9%) ethnic Chinese (properly ethnic Han) living in 459 # Xinjiang use Chinese Standard Time. Some are aware of Xinjiang time, 460 # but have no need of it. All planes, trains, and schools function on 461 # what is called "Beijing time." When Han make an appointment in Chinese 462 # they implicitly use Beijing time. 463 # 464 # On the other hand, ethnic Uyghurs, who make up about half the 465 # population of Xinjiang, typically use "Xinjiang time" which is two 466 # hours behind Beijing time, or UTC +0600. The government of the Xinjiang 467 # Uyghur Autonomous Region, (XAUR, or just Xinjiang for short) as well as 468 # local governments such as the Ürümqi city government use both times in 469 # publications, referring to what is popularly called Xinjiang time as 470 # "Ürümqi time." When Uyghurs make an appointment in the Uyghur language 471 # they almost invariably use Xinjiang time. 472 # 473 # (Their ethnic Han compatriots would typically have no clue of its 474 # widespread use, however, because so extremely few of them are fluent in 475 # Uyghur, comparable to the number of Anglo-Americans fluent in Navajo.) 476 # 477 # (...As with the rest of China there was a brief interval ending in 1990 478 # or 1991 when summer time was in use. The confusion was severe, with 479 # the province not having dual times but four times in use at the same 480 # time. Some areas remained on standard Xinjiang time or Beijing time and 481 # others moving their clocks ahead.) 482 483 # From Luther Ma (2009-11-19): 484 # With the risk of being redundant to previous answers these are the most common 485 # English "transliterations" (w/o using non-English symbols): 486 # 487 # 1. Wulumuqi... 488 # 2. Kashi... 489 # 3. Urumqi... 490 # 4. Kashgar... 491 # ... 492 # 5. It seems that Uyghurs in Ürümqi has been using Xinjiang since at least the 493 # 1960's. I know of one Han, now over 50, who grew up in the surrounding 494 # countryside and used Xinjiang time as a child. 495 # 496 # 6. Likewise for Kashgar and the rest of south Xinjiang I don't know of any 497 # start date for Xinjiang time. 498 # 499 # Without having access to local historical records, nor the ability to legally 500 # publish them, I would go with October 1, 1949, when Xinjiang became the Uyghur 501 # Autonomous Region under the PRC. (Before that Uyghurs, of course, would also 502 # not be using Beijing time, but some local time.) 503 504 # From David Cochrane (2014-03-26): 505 # Just a confirmation that Ürümqi time was implemented in Ürümqi on 1 Feb 1986: 506 # http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960684,00.html 507 508 # From Luther Ma (2014-04-22): 509 # I have interviewed numerous people of various nationalities and from 510 # different localities in Xinjiang and can confirm the information in Guo's 511 # report regarding Xinjiang, as well as the Time article reference by David 512 # Cochrane. Whether officially recognized or not (and both are officially 513 # recognized), two separate times have been in use in Xinjiang since at least 514 # the Cultural Revolution: Xinjiang Time (XJT), aka Ürümqi Time or local time; 515 # and Beijing Time. There is no confusion in Xinjiang as to which name refers 516 # to which time. Both are widely used in the province, although in some 517 # population groups might be use one to the exclusion of the other. The only 518 # problem is that computers and smart phones list Ürümqi (or Kashgar) as 519 # having the same time as Beijing. 520 521 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 522 # In the early days of the PRC, Tibet was given its own time zone (UT+6) but 523 # this was withdrawn in 1959 and never reinstated; see Tubten Khétsun, 524 # Memories of life in Lhasa under Chinese Rule, Columbia U Press, ISBN 525 # 978-0231142861 (2008), translator's introduction by Matthew Akester, p x. 526 # As this is before our 1970 cutoff, Tibet doesn't need a separate zone. 527 # 528 # Xinjiang Time is well-documented as being officially recognized. E.g., see 529 # "The Working-Calendar for The Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Government" 530 # <http://www.sinkiang.gov.cn/service/ourworking/> (2014-04-22). 531 # Unfortunately, we have no good records of time in Xinjiang before 1986. 532 # During the 20th century parts of Xinjiang were ruled by the Qing dynasty, 533 # the Republic of China, various warlords, the First and Second East Turkestan 534 # Republics, the Soviet Union, the Kuomintang, and the People's Republic of 535 # China, and tracking down all these organizations' timekeeping rules would be 536 # quite a trick. Approximate this lost history by a transition from LMT to 537 # XJT at the start of 1928, the year of accession of the warlord Jin Shuren, 538 # which happens to be the date given by Shanks & Pottenger (no doubt as a 539 # guess) as the transition from LMT. Ignore the usage of UT+8 before 540 # 1986-02-01 under the theory that the transition date to UT+8 is unknown and 541 # that the sort of users who prefer Asia/Urumqi now typically ignored the 542 # UT+8 mandate back then. 543 544 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 545 # Beijing time, used throughout China; represented by Shanghai. 546 Zone Asia/Shanghai 8:05:43 - LMT 1901 547 8:00 Shang C%sT 1949 548 8:00 PRC C%sT 549 # Xinjiang time, used by many in western China; represented by Ürümqi / Ürümchi 550 # / Wulumuqi. (Please use Asia/Shanghai if you prefer Beijing time.) 551 Zone Asia/Urumqi 5:50:20 - LMT 1928 552 6:00 - XJT 553 554 555 # Hong Kong (Xianggang) 556 557 # Milne gives 7:36:41.7; round this. 558 559 # From Lee Yiu Chung (2009-10-24): 560 # I found there are some mistakes for the...DST rule for Hong 561 # Kong. [According] to the DST record from Hong Kong Observatory (actually, 562 # it is not [an] observatory, but the official meteorological agency of HK, 563 # and also serves as the official timing agency), there are some missing 564 # and incorrect rules. Although the exact switch over time is missing, I 565 # think 3:30 is correct. The official DST record for Hong Kong can be 566 # obtained from 567 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 568 569 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 570 # Here are the dates given at 571 # http://www.hko.gov.hk/gts/time/Summertime.htm 572 # as of 2009-10-28: 573 # Year Period 574 # 1941 1 Apr to 30 Sep 575 # 1942 Whole year 576 # 1943 Whole year 577 # 1944 Whole year 578 # 1945 Whole year 579 # 1946 20 Apr to 1 Dec 580 # 1947 13 Apr to 30 Dec 581 # 1948 2 May to 31 Oct 582 # 1949 3 Apr to 30 Oct 583 # 1950 2 Apr to 29 Oct 584 # 1951 1 Apr to 28 Oct 585 # 1952 6 Apr to 25 Oct 586 # 1953 5 Apr to 1 Nov 587 # 1954 21 Mar to 31 Oct 588 # 1955 20 Mar to 6 Nov 589 # 1956 18 Mar to 4 Nov 590 # 1957 24 Mar to 3 Nov 591 # 1958 23 Mar to 2 Nov 592 # 1959 22 Mar to 1 Nov 593 # 1960 20 Mar to 6 Nov 594 # 1961 19 Mar to 5 Nov 595 # 1962 18 Mar to 4 Nov 596 # 1963 24 Mar to 3 Nov 597 # 1964 22 Mar to 1 Nov 598 # 1965 18 Apr to 17 Oct 599 # 1966 17 Apr to 16 Oct 600 # 1967 16 Apr to 22 Oct 601 # 1968 21 Apr to 20 Oct 602 # 1969 20 Apr to 19 Oct 603 # 1970 19 Apr to 18 Oct 604 # 1971 18 Apr to 17 Oct 605 # 1972 16 Apr to 22 Oct 606 # 1973 22 Apr to 21 Oct 607 # 1973/74 30 Dec 73 to 20 Oct 74 608 # 1975 20 Apr to 19 Oct 609 # 1976 18 Apr to 17 Oct 610 # 1977 Nil 611 # 1978 Nil 612 # 1979 13 May to 21 Oct 613 # 1980 to Now Nil 614 # The page does not give start or end times of day. 615 # The page does not give a start date for 1942. 616 # The page does not givw an end date for 1945. 617 # The Japanese occupation of Hong Kong began on 1941-12-25. 618 # The Japanese surrender of Hong Kong was signed 1945-09-15. 619 # For lack of anything better, use start of those days as the transition times. 620 621 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 622 Rule HK 1941 only - Apr 1 3:30 1:00 S 623 Rule HK 1941 only - Sep 30 3:30 0 - 624 Rule HK 1946 only - Apr 20 3:30 1:00 S 625 Rule HK 1946 only - Dec 1 3:30 0 - 626 Rule HK 1947 only - Apr 13 3:30 1:00 S 627 Rule HK 1947 only - Dec 30 3:30 0 - 628 Rule HK 1948 only - May 2 3:30 1:00 S 629 Rule HK 1948 1951 - Oct lastSun 3:30 0 - 630 Rule HK 1952 only - Oct 25 3:30 0 - 631 Rule HK 1949 1953 - Apr Sun>=1 3:30 1:00 S 632 Rule HK 1953 only - Nov 1 3:30 0 - 633 Rule HK 1954 1964 - Mar Sun>=18 3:30 1:00 S 634 Rule HK 1954 only - Oct 31 3:30 0 - 635 Rule HK 1955 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 636 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 637 Rule HK 1965 1976 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 638 Rule HK 1973 only - Dec 30 3:30 1:00 S 639 Rule HK 1979 only - May Sun>=8 3:30 1:00 S 640 Rule HK 1979 only - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 641 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 642 Zone Asia/Hong_Kong 7:36:42 - LMT 1904 Oct 30 643 8:00 HK HK%sT 1941 Dec 25 644 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 15 645 8:00 HK HK%sT 646 647 ############################################################################### 648 649 # Taiwan 650 651 # From smallufo (2010-04-03): 652 # According to Taiwan's CWB [Central Weather Bureau], 653 # http://www.cwb.gov.tw/V6/astronomy/cdata/summert.htm 654 # Taipei has DST in 1979 between July 1st and Sep 30. 655 656 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 657 # On Dec 28, 1895, the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of 658 # Meiji Year 28 "The clause about standard time", mentioned that 659 # Taiwan and Penghu Islands, as well as Yaeyama and Miyako Islands 660 # (both in Okinawa) adopt the Western Standard Time which is based on 661 # 120E. The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. The original text can be 662 # found on Wikisource: 663 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 664 # ... This could be the first adoption of time zone in Taiwan, because 665 # during the Qing Dynasty, it seems that there was no time zone 666 # declared officially. 667 # 668 # Later, in the beginning of World War II, on Sep 25, 1937, the Showa 669 # Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 "The clause of 670 # revision in the ordinance No. 167 of Meiji year 28 about standard 671 # time", in which abolished the adoption of Western Standard Time in 672 # western islands (listed above), which means the whole Japan 673 # territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan Central Time 674 # (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. The original text can 675 # be found on Wikisource: 676 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 677 # 678 # That is, the time zone of Taipei switched to UTC+9 on Oct 1, 1937. 679 680 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 681 # I've found more evidence about when the time zone was switched from UTC+9 682 # back to UTC+8 after WW2. I believe it was on Sep 21, 1945. In a document 683 # during Japanese era [1] in which the officer told the staff to change time 684 # zone back to Western Standard Time (UTC+8) on Sep 21. And in another 685 # history page of National Cheng Kung University [2], on Sep 21 there is a 686 # note "from today, switch back to Western Standard Time". From these two 687 # materials, I believe that the time zone change happened on Sep 21. And 688 # today I have found another monthly journal called "The Astronomical Herald" 689 # from The Astronomical Society of Japan [3] in which it mentioned the fact 690 # that: 691 # 692 # 1. Standard Time of the Country (Japan) was adopted on Jan 1, 1888, using 693 # the time at 135E (GMT+9) 694 # 695 # 2. Standard Time of the Country was renamed to Central Standard Time, on Jan 696 # 1, 1898, and on the same day, the new territories Taiwan and Penghu islands, 697 # as well as Yaeyama and Miyako islands, adopted a new time zone called 698 # Western Standard Time, which is in GMT+8. 699 # 700 # 3. Western Standard Time was deprecated on Sep 30, 1937. From then all the 701 # territories of Japan adopted the same time zone, which is Central Standard 702 # Time. 703 # 704 # [1] Academica Historica, Taiwan: 705 # http://163.29.208.22:8080/govsaleShowImage/connect_img.php?s=00101738900090036&e=00101738900090037 706 # [2] Nat'l Cheng Kung University 70th Anniversary Special Site: 707 # http://www.ncku.edu.tw/~ncku70/menu/001/01_01.htm 708 # [3] Yukio Niimi, The Standard Time in Japan (1997), p.475: 709 # http://www.asj.or.jp/geppou/archive_open/1997/pdf/19971001c.pdf 710 711 # Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-03): 712 # I finally have found the real official gazette about changing back to 713 # Western Standard Time on Sep 21 in Taiwan. It's Taiwan Governor-General 714 # Bulletin No. 386 in Showa 20 years (1945), published on Sep 19, 1945. [1] ... 715 # [It] abolishes Bulletin No. 207 in Showa 12 years (1937), which is a local 716 # bulletin in Taiwan for that Ordinance No. 529. It also mentioned that 1am on 717 # Sep 21, 1945 will be 12am on Sep 21. I think this bulletin is much more 718 # official than the one I mentioned in my first mail, because it's from the 719 # top-level government in Taiwan. If you're going to quote any resource, this 720 # would be a good one. 721 # [1] Taiwan Governor-General Gazette, No. 1018, Sep 19, 1945: 722 # http://db2.th.gov.tw/db2/view/viewImg.php?imgcode=0072031018a&num=19&bgn=019&end=019&otherImg=&type=gener 723 724 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2014-07-02): 725 # In 1946, DST in Taiwan was from May 15 and ended on Sep 30. The info from 726 # Central Weather Bureau website was not correct. 727 # 728 # Original Bulletin: 729 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=03502F0AKM1AF 730 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0350300AKM1B0 (cont.) 731 # 732 # In 1947, DST in Taiwan was expanded to Oct 31. There is a backup of that 733 # telegram announcement from Taiwan Province Government: 734 # 735 # http://subtpg.tpg.gov.tw/og/image2.asp?f=0360310AKZ431 736 # 737 # Here is a brief translation: 738 # 739 # The Summer Time this year is adopted from midnight Apr 15 until Sep 20 740 # midnight. To save (energy?) consumption, we're expanding Summer Time 741 # adoption till Oct 31 midnight. 742 # 743 # The Central Weather Bureau website didn't mention that, however it can 744 # be found from historical government announcement database. 745 746 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-03): 747 # As per Yu-Cheng Chuang, say that Taiwan was at UT+9 from 1937-10-01 748 # until 1945-09-21 at 01:00, overriding Shanks & Pottenger. 749 # Likewise, use Yu-Cheng Chuang's data for DST in Taiwan. 750 751 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 752 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 753 Rule Taiwan 1946 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 754 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 755 Rule Taiwan 1947 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 756 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 757 Rule Taiwan 1948 1951 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 758 Rule Taiwan 1952 only - Mar 1 0:00 1:00 D 759 Rule Taiwan 1952 1954 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 760 Rule Taiwan 1953 1959 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 761 Rule Taiwan 1955 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 762 Rule Taiwan 1960 1961 - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 763 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 764 Rule Taiwan 1974 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 765 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Jul 1 0:00 1:00 D 766 Rule Taiwan 1979 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 767 768 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 769 # Taipei or Taibei or T'ai-pei 770 Zone Asia/Taipei 8:06:00 - LMT 1896 Jan 1 771 8:00 - JWST 1937 Oct 1 772 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 21 1:00 773 8:00 Taiwan C%sT 774 775 # Macau (Macao, Aomen) 776 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 777 Rule Macau 1961 1962 - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 778 Rule Macau 1961 1964 - Nov Sun>=1 3:30 0 - 779 Rule Macau 1963 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 780 Rule Macau 1964 only - Mar Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 781 Rule Macau 1965 only - Mar Sun>=16 0:00 1:00 S 782 Rule Macau 1965 only - Oct 31 0:00 0 - 783 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Apr Sun>=16 3:30 1:00 S 784 Rule Macau 1966 1971 - Oct Sun>=16 3:30 0 - 785 Rule Macau 1972 1974 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 786 Rule Macau 1972 1973 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 787 Rule Macau 1974 1977 - Oct Sun>=15 3:30 0 - 788 Rule Macau 1975 1977 - Apr Sun>=15 3:30 1:00 S 789 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Apr Sun>=15 0:00 1:00 S 790 Rule Macau 1978 1980 - Oct Sun>=15 0:00 0 - 791 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 792 Zone Asia/Macau 7:34:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 793 8:00 Macau MO%sT 1999 Dec 20 # return to China 794 8:00 PRC C%sT 795 796 797 ############################################################################### 798 799 # Cyprus 800 # 801 # Milne says the Eastern Telegraph Company used 2:14:00. Stick with LMT. 802 # 803 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 804 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Apr 13 0:00 1:00 S 805 Rule Cyprus 1975 only - Oct 12 0:00 0 - 806 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 S 807 Rule Cyprus 1976 only - Oct 11 0:00 0 - 808 Rule Cyprus 1977 1980 - Apr Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 809 Rule Cyprus 1977 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 810 Rule Cyprus 1978 only - Oct 2 0:00 0 - 811 Rule Cyprus 1979 1997 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 812 Rule Cyprus 1981 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 813 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 814 Zone Asia/Nicosia 2:13:28 - LMT 1921 Nov 14 815 2:00 Cyprus EE%sT 1998 Sep 816 2:00 EUAsia EE%sT 817 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) has Cyprus using EU rules for the first time. 818 819 # Classically, Cyprus belongs to Asia; e.g. see Herodotus, Histories, I.72. 820 # However, for various reasons many users expect to find it under Europe. 821 Link Asia/Nicosia Europe/Nicosia 822 823 # Georgia 824 # From Paul Eggert (1994-11-19): 825 # Today's _Economist_ (p 60) reports that Georgia moved its clocks forward 826 # an hour recently, due to a law proposed by Zurab Murvanidze, 827 # an MP who went on a hunger strike for 11 days to force discussion about it! 828 # We have no details, but we'll guess they didn't move the clocks back in fall. 829 # 830 # From Mathew Englander, quoting AP (1996-10-23 13:05-04): 831 # Instead of putting back clocks at the end of October, Georgia 832 # will stay on daylight savings time this winter to save energy, 833 # President Eduard Shevardnadze decreed Wednesday. 834 # 835 # From the BBC via Joseph S. Myers (2004-06-27): 836 # 837 # Georgia moved closer to Western Europe on Sunday... The former Soviet 838 # republic has changed its time zone back to that of Moscow. As a result it 839 # is now just four hours ahead of Greenwich Mean Time, rather than five hours 840 # ahead. The switch was decreed by the pro-Western president of Georgia, 841 # Mikheil Saakashvili, who said the change was partly prompted by the process 842 # of integration into Europe. 843 844 # From Teimuraz Abashidze (2005-11-07): 845 # Government of Georgia ... decided to NOT CHANGE daylight savings time on 846 # [Oct.] 30, as it was done before during last more than 10 years. 847 # Currently, we are in fact GMT +4:00, as before 30 October it was GMT 848 # +3:00.... The problem is, there is NO FORMAL LAW or governmental document 849 # about it. As far as I can find, I was told, that there is no document, 850 # because we just DIDN'T ISSUE document about switching to winter time.... 851 # I don't know what can be done, especially knowing that some years ago our 852 # DST rules where changed THREE TIMES during one month. 853 854 # Milne 1899 says Tbilisi (Tiflis) time was 2:59:05.7. 855 # Byalokoz 1919 says Georgia was 2:59:11. 856 # Go with Byalokoz. 857 858 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 859 Zone Asia/Tbilisi 2:59:11 - LMT 1880 860 2:59:11 - TBMT 1924 May 2 # Tbilisi Mean Time 861 3:00 - TBIT 1957 Mar # Tbilisi Time 862 4:00 RussiaAsia TBI%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 863 3:00 1:00 TBIST 1991 Apr 9 # independence 864 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 1992 # Georgia Time 865 3:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1994 Sep lastSun 866 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 1996 Oct lastSun 867 4:00 1:00 GEST 1997 Mar lastSun 868 4:00 E-EurAsia GE%sT 2004 Jun 27 869 3:00 RussiaAsia GE%sT 2005 Mar lastSun 2:00 870 4:00 - GET 871 872 # East Timor 873 874 # See Indonesia for the 1945 transition. 875 876 # From João Carrascalão, brother of the former governor of East Timor, in 877 # East Timor may be late for its millennium 878 # <http://etan.org/et99c/december/26-31/30ETMAY.htm> (1999-12-26/31): 879 # Portugal tried to change the time forward in 1974 because the sun 880 # rises too early but the suggestion raised a lot of problems with the 881 # Timorese and I still don't think it would work today because it 882 # conflicts with their way of life. 883 884 # From Paul Eggert (2000-12-04): 885 # We don't have any record of the above attempt. 886 # Most likely our records are incomplete, but we have no better data. 887 888 # From Manoel de Almeida e Silva, Deputy Spokesman for the UN Secretary-General 889 # http://www.hri.org/news/world/undh/2000/00-08-16.undh.html 890 # (2000-08-16): 891 # The Cabinet of the East Timor Transition Administration decided 892 # today to advance East Timor's time by one hour. The time change, 893 # which will be permanent, with no seasonal adjustment, will happen at 894 # midnight on Saturday, September 16. 895 896 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 897 Zone Asia/Dili 8:22:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 898 8:00 - TLT 1942 Feb 21 23:00 # E Timor Time 899 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 900 9:00 - TLT 1976 May 3 901 8:00 - WITA 2000 Sep 17 0:00 902 9:00 - TLT 903 904 # India 905 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 906 Zone Asia/Kolkata 5:53:28 - LMT 1880 # Kolkata 907 5:53:20 - HMT 1941 Oct # Howrah Mean Time? 908 6:30 - BURT 1942 May 15 # Burma Time 909 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 910 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 911 5:30 - IST 912 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata: 913 # Andaman Is 914 # Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is) 915 # Nicobar Is 916 917 # Indonesia 918 # 919 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger: 920 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime 921 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01. Looking at some 922 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat 923 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7. 924 # 925 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10): 926 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger. 927 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in 928 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and 929 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus 930 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore. 931 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change. 932 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions 933 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched 934 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura 935 # (Hollandia). For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura 936 # switched on 1945-09-23. 937 # 938 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11): 939 # Normally the tz database uses English-language abbreviations, but in 940 # Indonesia it's typical to use Indonesian-language abbreviations even 941 # when writing in English. For example, see the English-language 942 # summary published by the Time and Frequency Laboratory of the 943 # Research Center for Calibration, Instrumentation and Metrology, 944 # Indonesia, <http://time.kim.lipi.go.id/time-eng.php> (2006-09-29). 945 # The abbreviations are: 946 # 947 # WIB - UTC+7 - Waktu Indonesia Barat (Indonesia western time) 948 # WITA - UTC+8 - Waktu Indonesia Tengah (Indonesia central time) 949 # WIT - UTC+9 - Waktu Indonesia Timur (Indonesia eastern time) 950 # 951 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 952 # Java, Sumatra 953 Zone Asia/Jakarta 7:07:12 - LMT 1867 Aug 10 954 # Shanks & Pottenger say the next transition was at 1924 Jan 1 0:13, 955 # but this must be a typo. 956 7:07:12 - BMT 1923 Dec 31 23:47:12 # Batavia 957 7:20 - JAVT 1932 Nov # Java Time 958 7:30 - WIB 1942 Mar 23 959 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 960 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 961 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 962 7:30 - WIB 1964 963 7:00 - WIB 964 # west and central Borneo 965 Zone Asia/Pontianak 7:17:20 - LMT 1908 May 966 7:17:20 - PMT 1932 Nov # Pontianak MT 967 7:30 - WIB 1942 Jan 29 968 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 969 7:30 - WIB 1948 May 970 8:00 - WIB 1950 May 971 7:30 - WIB 1964 972 8:00 - WITA 1988 Jan 1 973 7:00 - WIB 974 # Sulawesi, Lesser Sundas, east and south Borneo 975 Zone Asia/Makassar 7:57:36 - LMT 1920 976 7:57:36 - MMT 1932 Nov # Macassar MT 977 8:00 - WITA 1942 Feb 9 978 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 23 979 8:00 - WITA 980 # Maluku Islands, West Papua, Papua 981 Zone Asia/Jayapura 9:22:48 - LMT 1932 Nov 982 9:00 - WIT 1944 Sep 1 983 9:30 - ACST 1964 984 9:00 - WIT 985 986 # Iran 987 988 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2003-03-15): 989 # This is an English translation of what I just found (originally in Persian). 990 # The Gregorian dates in brackets are mine: 991 # 992 # Official Newspaper No. 13548-1370/6/25 [1991-09-16] 993 # No. 16760/T233 H 1370/6/10 [1991-09-01] 994 # 995 # The Rule About Change of the Official Time of the Country 996 # 997 # The Board of Ministers, in the meeting dated 1370/5/23 [1991-08-14], 998 # based on the suggestion number 2221/D dated 1370/4/22 [1991-07-13] 999 # of the Country's Organization for Official and Employment Affairs, 1000 # and referring to the law for equating the working hours of workers 1001 # and officers in the whole country dated 1359/4/23 [1980-07-14], and 1002 # for synchronizing the official times of the country, agreed that: 1003 # 1004 # The official time of the country will should move forward one hour 1005 # at the 24[:00] hours of the first day of Farvardin and should return 1006 # to its previous state at the 24[:00] hours of the 30th day of 1007 # Shahrivar. 1008 # 1009 # First Deputy to the President - Hassan Habibi 1010 # 1011 # From personal experience, that agrees with what has been followed 1012 # for at least the last 5 years. Before that, for a few years, the 1013 # date used was the first Thursday night of Farvardin and the last 1014 # Thursday night of Shahrivar, but I can't give exact dates.... 1015 # I have also changed the abbreviations to what is considered correct 1016 # here in Iran, IRST for regular time and IRDT for daylight saving time. 1017 # 1018 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2005-04-05): 1019 # The text of the Iranian law, in effect since 1925, clearly mentions 1020 # that the true solar year is the measure, and there is no arithmetic 1021 # leap year calculation involved. There has never been any serious 1022 # plan to change that law.... 1023 # 1024 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1025 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger before Sept. 1991, and with Pournader thereafter. 1026 # I used Ed Reingold's cal-persia in GNU Emacs 21.2 to check Persian dates, 1027 # stopping after 2037 when 32-bit time_t's overflow. 1028 # That cal-persia used Birashk's approximation, which disagrees with the solar 1029 # calendar predictions for the year 2025, so I corrected those dates by hand. 1030 # 1031 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-03-30), writing about future 1032 # discrepancies between cal-persia and the Iranian calendar: 1033 # For 2091 solar-longitude-after yields 2091-03-20 08:40:07.7 UT for 1034 # the vernal equinox and that gets so close to 12:00 some local 1035 # Iranian time that the definition of the correct location needs to be 1036 # known exactly, amongst other factors. 2157 is even closer: 1037 # 2157-03-20 08:37:15.5 UT. But the Gregorian year 2025 should give 1038 # no interpretation problem whatsoever. By the way, another instant 1039 # in the near future where there will be a discrepancy between 1040 # arithmetical and astronomical Iranian calendars will be in 2058: 1041 # vernal equinox on 2058-03-20 09:03:05.9 UT. The Java version of 1042 # Reingold's/Dershowitz' calculator gives correctly the Gregorian date 1043 # 2058-03-21 for 1 Farvardin 1437 (astronomical). 1044 # 1045 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-03-22): 1046 # Several of my users have reported that Iran will not observe DST anymore: 1047 # http://www.irna.ir/en/news/view/line-17/0603193812164948.htm 1048 # 1049 # From Reuters (2007-09-16), with a heads-up from Jesper Nørgaard Welen: 1050 # ... the Guardian Council ... approved a law on Sunday to re-introduce 1051 # daylight saving time ... 1052 # http://uk.reuters.com/article/oilRpt/idUKBLA65048420070916 1053 # 1054 # From Roozbeh Pournader (2007-11-05): 1055 # This is quoted from Official Gazette of the Islamic Republic of 1056 # Iran, Volume 63, Number 18242, dated Tuesday 1386/6/24 1057 # [2007-10-16]. I am doing the best translation I can:... 1058 # The official time of the country will be moved forward for one hour 1059 # on the 24 hours of the first day of the month of Farvardin and will 1060 # be changed back to its previous state on the 24 hours of the 1061 # thirtieth day of Shahrivar. 1062 # 1063 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1064 Rule Iran 1978 1980 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1065 Rule Iran 1978 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 S 1066 Rule Iran 1979 only - Sep 19 0:00 0 S 1067 Rule Iran 1980 only - Sep 23 0:00 0 S 1068 Rule Iran 1991 only - May 3 0:00 1:00 D 1069 Rule Iran 1992 1995 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1070 Rule Iran 1991 1995 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1071 Rule Iran 1996 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1072 Rule Iran 1996 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1073 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1074 Rule Iran 1997 1999 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1075 Rule Iran 2000 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1076 Rule Iran 2000 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1077 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1078 Rule Iran 2001 2003 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1079 Rule Iran 2004 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1080 Rule Iran 2004 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1081 Rule Iran 2005 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1082 Rule Iran 2005 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1083 Rule Iran 2008 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1084 Rule Iran 2008 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1085 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1086 Rule Iran 2009 2011 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1087 Rule Iran 2012 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1088 Rule Iran 2012 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1089 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1090 Rule Iran 2013 2015 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1091 Rule Iran 2016 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1092 Rule Iran 2016 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1093 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1094 Rule Iran 2017 2019 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1095 Rule Iran 2020 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1096 Rule Iran 2020 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1097 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1098 Rule Iran 2021 2023 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1099 Rule Iran 2024 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1100 Rule Iran 2024 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1101 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1102 Rule Iran 2025 2027 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1103 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1104 Rule Iran 2028 2029 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1105 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1106 Rule Iran 2030 2031 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1107 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1108 Rule Iran 2032 2033 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1109 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 D 1110 Rule Iran 2034 2035 - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1111 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1112 Rule Iran 2036 2037 - Sep 21 0:00 0 S 1113 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1114 Zone Asia/Tehran 3:25:44 - LMT 1916 1115 3:25:44 - TMT 1946 # Tehran Mean Time 1116 3:30 - IRST 1977 Nov 1117 4:00 Iran IR%sT 1979 1118 3:30 Iran IR%sT 1119 1120 1121 # Iraq 1122 # 1123 # From Jonathan Lennox (2000-06-12): 1124 # An article in this week's Economist ("Inside the Saddam-free zone", p. 50 in 1125 # the U.S. edition) on the Iraqi Kurds contains a paragraph: 1126 # "The three northern provinces ... switched their clocks this spring and 1127 # are an hour ahead of Baghdad." 1128 # 1129 # But Rives McDow (2000-06-18) quotes a contact in Iraqi-Kurdistan as follows: 1130 # In the past, some Kurdish nationalists, as a protest to the Iraqi 1131 # Government, did not adhere to daylight saving time. They referred 1132 # to daylight saving as Saddam time. But, as of today, the time zone 1133 # in Iraqi-Kurdistan is on standard time with Baghdad, Iraq. 1134 # 1135 # So we'll ignore the Economist's claim. 1136 1137 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-10): 1138 # The cabinet in Iraq abolished DST last week, according to the following 1139 # news sources (in Arabic): 1140 # http://www.aljeeran.net/wesima_articles/news-20080305-98602.html 1141 # http://www.aswataliraq.info/look/article.tpl?id=2047&IdLanguage=17&IdPublication=4&NrArticle=71743&NrIssue=1&NrSection=10 1142 # 1143 # We have published a short article in English about the change: 1144 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/iraq-dumps-daylight-saving.html 1145 1146 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1147 Rule Iraq 1982 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1148 Rule Iraq 1982 1984 - Oct 1 0:00 0 S 1149 Rule Iraq 1983 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1150 Rule Iraq 1984 1985 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1151 Rule Iraq 1985 1990 - Sep lastSun 1:00s 0 S 1152 Rule Iraq 1986 1990 - Mar lastSun 1:00s 1:00 D 1153 # IATA SSIM (1991/1996) says Apr 1 12:01am UTC; guess the ':01' is a typo. 1154 # Shanks & Pottenger say Iraq did not observe DST 1992/1997; ignore this. 1155 # 1156 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Apr 1 3:00s 1:00 D 1157 Rule Iraq 1991 2007 - Oct 1 3:00s 0 S 1158 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1159 Zone Asia/Baghdad 2:57:40 - LMT 1890 1160 2:57:36 - BMT 1918 # Baghdad Mean Time? 1161 3:00 - AST 1982 May 1162 3:00 Iraq A%sT 1163 1164 1165 ############################################################################### 1166 1167 # Israel 1168 1169 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2001-01-11): 1170 # 1171 # I coined "IST/IDT" circa 1988. Until then there were three 1172 # different abbreviations in use: 1173 # 1174 # JST Jerusalem Standard Time [Danny Braniss, Hebrew University] 1175 # IZT Israel Zonal (sic) Time [Prof. Haim Papo, Technion] 1176 # EEST Eastern Europe Standard Time [used by almost everyone else] 1177 # 1178 # Since timezones should be called by country and not capital cities, 1179 # I ruled out JST. As Israel is in Asia Minor and not Eastern Europe, 1180 # EEST was equally unacceptable. Since "zonal" was not compatible with 1181 # any other timezone abbreviation, I felt that 'IST' was the way to go 1182 # and, indeed, it has received almost universal acceptance in timezone 1183 # settings in Israeli computers. 1184 # 1185 # In any case, I am happy to share timezone abbreviations with India, 1186 # high on my favorite-country list (and not only because my wife's 1187 # family is from India). 1188 1189 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1190 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1191 Rule Zion 1940 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 D 1192 Rule Zion 1942 1944 - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1193 Rule Zion 1943 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1194 Rule Zion 1944 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1195 Rule Zion 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1196 Rule Zion 1945 only - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1197 Rule Zion 1946 only - Apr 16 2:00 1:00 D 1198 Rule Zion 1946 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 S 1199 Rule Zion 1948 only - May 23 0:00 2:00 DD 1200 Rule Zion 1948 only - Sep 1 0:00 1:00 D 1201 Rule Zion 1948 1949 - Nov 1 2:00 0 S 1202 Rule Zion 1949 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 D 1203 Rule Zion 1950 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 D 1204 Rule Zion 1950 only - Sep 15 3:00 0 S 1205 Rule Zion 1951 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1206 Rule Zion 1951 only - Nov 11 3:00 0 S 1207 Rule Zion 1952 only - Apr 20 2:00 1:00 D 1208 Rule Zion 1952 only - Oct 19 3:00 0 S 1209 Rule Zion 1953 only - Apr 12 2:00 1:00 D 1210 Rule Zion 1953 only - Sep 13 3:00 0 S 1211 Rule Zion 1954 only - Jun 13 0:00 1:00 D 1212 Rule Zion 1954 only - Sep 12 0:00 0 S 1213 Rule Zion 1955 only - Jun 11 2:00 1:00 D 1214 Rule Zion 1955 only - Sep 11 0:00 0 S 1215 Rule Zion 1956 only - Jun 3 0:00 1:00 D 1216 Rule Zion 1956 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 S 1217 Rule Zion 1957 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 D 1218 Rule Zion 1957 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 S 1219 Rule Zion 1974 only - Jul 7 0:00 1:00 D 1220 Rule Zion 1974 only - Oct 13 0:00 0 S 1221 Rule Zion 1975 only - Apr 20 0:00 1:00 D 1222 Rule Zion 1975 only - Aug 31 0:00 0 S 1223 Rule Zion 1985 only - Apr 14 0:00 1:00 D 1224 Rule Zion 1985 only - Sep 15 0:00 0 S 1225 Rule Zion 1986 only - May 18 0:00 1:00 D 1226 Rule Zion 1986 only - Sep 7 0:00 0 S 1227 Rule Zion 1987 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 D 1228 Rule Zion 1987 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1229 1230 # From Avigdor Finkelstein (2014-03-05): 1231 # I check the Parliament (Knesset) records and there it's stated that the 1232 # [1988] transition should take place on Saturday night, when the Sabbath 1233 # ends and changes to Sunday. 1234 Rule Zion 1988 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 D 1235 Rule Zion 1988 only - Sep 4 0:00 0 S 1236 1237 # From Ephraim Silverberg 1238 # (1997-03-04, 1998-03-16, 1998-12-28, 2000-01-17, 2000-07-25, 2004-12-22, 1239 # and 2005-02-17): 1240 1241 # According to the Office of the Secretary General of the Ministry of 1242 # Interior, there is NO set rule for Daylight-Savings/Standard time changes. 1243 # One thing is entrenched in law, however: that there must be at least 150 1244 # days of daylight savings time annually. From 1993-1998, the change to 1245 # daylight savings time was on a Friday morning from midnight IST to 1246 # 1 a.m IDT; up until 1998, the change back to standard time was on a 1247 # Saturday night from midnight daylight savings time to 11 p.m. standard 1248 # time. 1996 is an exception to this rule where the change back to standard 1249 # time took place on Sunday night instead of Saturday night to avoid 1250 # conflicts with the Jewish New Year. In 1999, the change to 1251 # daylight savings time was still on a Friday morning but from 1252 # 2 a.m. IST to 3 a.m. IDT; furthermore, the change back to standard time 1253 # was also on a Friday morning from 2 a.m. IDT to 1 a.m. IST for 1254 # 1999 only. In the year 2000, the change to daylight savings time was 1255 # similar to 1999, but although the change back will be on a Friday, it 1256 # will take place from 1 a.m. IDT to midnight IST. Starting in 2001, all 1257 # changes to/from will take place at 1 a.m. old time, but now there is no 1258 # rule as to what day of the week it will take place in as the start date 1259 # (except in 2003) is the night after the Passover Seder (i.e. the eve 1260 # of the 16th of Nisan in the lunar Hebrew calendar) and the end date 1261 # (except in 2002) is three nights before Yom Kippur [Day of Atonement] 1262 # (the eve of the 7th of Tishrei in the lunar Hebrew calendar). 1263 1264 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1265 Rule Zion 1989 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 D 1266 Rule Zion 1989 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1267 Rule Zion 1990 only - Mar 25 0:00 1:00 D 1268 Rule Zion 1990 only - Aug 26 0:00 0 S 1269 Rule Zion 1991 only - Mar 24 0:00 1:00 D 1270 Rule Zion 1991 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 S 1271 Rule Zion 1992 only - Mar 29 0:00 1:00 D 1272 Rule Zion 1992 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1273 Rule Zion 1993 only - Apr 2 0:00 1:00 D 1274 Rule Zion 1993 only - Sep 5 0:00 0 S 1275 1276 # The dates for 1994-1995 were obtained from Office of the Spokeswoman for the 1277 # Ministry of Interior, Jerusalem, Israel. The spokeswoman can be reached by 1278 # calling the office directly at 972-2-6701447 or 972-2-6701448. 1279 1280 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1281 Rule Zion 1994 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 D 1282 Rule Zion 1994 only - Aug 28 0:00 0 S 1283 Rule Zion 1995 only - Mar 31 0:00 1:00 D 1284 Rule Zion 1995 only - Sep 3 0:00 0 S 1285 1286 # The dates for 1996 were determined by the Minister of Interior of the 1287 # time, Haim Ramon. The official announcement regarding 1996-1998 1288 # (with the dates for 1997-1998 no longer being relevant) can be viewed at: 1289 # 1290 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/1996-1998.ramon.ps.gz 1291 # 1292 # The dates for 1997-1998 were altered by his successor, Rabbi Eli Suissa. 1293 # 1294 # The official announcements for the years 1997-1999 can be viewed at: 1295 # 1296 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/YYYY.ps.gz 1297 # 1298 # where YYYY is the relevant year. 1299 1300 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1301 Rule Zion 1996 only - Mar 15 0:00 1:00 D 1302 Rule Zion 1996 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 S 1303 Rule Zion 1997 only - Mar 21 0:00 1:00 D 1304 Rule Zion 1997 only - Sep 14 0:00 0 S 1305 Rule Zion 1998 only - Mar 20 0:00 1:00 D 1306 Rule Zion 1998 only - Sep 6 0:00 0 S 1307 Rule Zion 1999 only - Apr 2 2:00 1:00 D 1308 Rule Zion 1999 only - Sep 3 2:00 0 S 1309 1310 # The Knesset Interior Committee has changed the dates for 2000 for 1311 # the third time in just over a year and have set new dates for the 1312 # years 2001-2004 as well. 1313 # 1314 # The official announcement for the start date of 2000 can be viewed at: 1315 # 1316 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-start.ps.gz 1317 # 1318 # The official announcement for the end date of 2000 and the dates 1319 # for the years 2001-2004 can be viewed at: 1320 # 1321 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2000-2004.ps.gz 1322 1323 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1324 Rule Zion 2000 only - Apr 14 2:00 1:00 D 1325 Rule Zion 2000 only - Oct 6 1:00 0 S 1326 Rule Zion 2001 only - Apr 9 1:00 1:00 D 1327 Rule Zion 2001 only - Sep 24 1:00 0 S 1328 Rule Zion 2002 only - Mar 29 1:00 1:00 D 1329 Rule Zion 2002 only - Oct 7 1:00 0 S 1330 Rule Zion 2003 only - Mar 28 1:00 1:00 D 1331 Rule Zion 2003 only - Oct 3 1:00 0 S 1332 Rule Zion 2004 only - Apr 7 1:00 1:00 D 1333 Rule Zion 2004 only - Sep 22 1:00 0 S 1334 1335 # The proposed law agreed upon by the Knesset Interior Committee on 1336 # 2005-02-14 is that, for 2005 and beyond, DST starts at 02:00 the 1337 # last Friday before April 2nd (i.e. the last Friday in March or April 1338 # 1st itself if it falls on a Friday) and ends at 02:00 on the Saturday 1339 # night _before_ the fast of Yom Kippur. 1340 # 1341 # Those who can read Hebrew can view the announcement at: 1342 # 1343 # ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/announcements/2005+beyond.ps 1344 1345 # From Paul Eggert (2012-10-26): 1346 # I used Ephraim Silverberg's dst-israel.el program 1347 # <ftp://ftp.cs.huji.ac.il/pub/tz/software/dst-israel.el> (2005-02-20) 1348 # along with Ed Reingold's cal-hebrew in GNU Emacs 21.4, 1349 # to generate the transitions from 2005 through 2012. 1350 # (I replaced "lastFri" with "Fri>=26" by hand.) 1351 # The spring transitions all correspond to the following Rule: 1352 # 1353 # Rule Zion 2005 2012 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1354 # 1355 # but older zic implementations (e.g., Solaris 8) do not support 1356 # "Fri>=26" to mean April 1 in years like 2005, so for now we list the 1357 # springtime transitions explicitly. 1358 1359 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1360 Rule Zion 2005 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1361 Rule Zion 2005 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 S 1362 Rule Zion 2006 2010 - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1363 Rule Zion 2006 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 S 1364 Rule Zion 2007 only - Sep 16 2:00 0 S 1365 Rule Zion 2008 only - Oct 5 2:00 0 S 1366 Rule Zion 2009 only - Sep 27 2:00 0 S 1367 Rule Zion 2010 only - Sep 12 2:00 0 S 1368 Rule Zion 2011 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 D 1369 Rule Zion 2011 only - Oct 2 2:00 0 S 1370 Rule Zion 2012 only - Mar Fri>=26 2:00 1:00 D 1371 Rule Zion 2012 only - Sep 23 2:00 0 S 1372 1373 # From Ephraim Silverberg (2013-06-27): 1374 # On June 23, 2013, the Israeli government approved changes to the 1375 # Time Decree Law. The next day, the changes passed the First Reading 1376 # in the Knesset. The law is expected to pass the Second and Third 1377 # (final) Readings by the beginning of September 2013. 1378 # 1379 # As of 2013, DST starts at 02:00 on the Friday before the last Sunday 1380 # in March. DST ends at 02:00 on the last Sunday of October. 1381 1382 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1383 Rule Zion 2013 max - Mar Fri>=23 2:00 1:00 D 1384 Rule Zion 2013 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 0 S 1385 1386 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1387 Zone Asia/Jerusalem 2:20:54 - LMT 1880 1388 2:20:40 - JMT 1918 # Jerusalem Mean Time? 1389 2:00 Zion I%sT 1390 1391 1392 1393 ############################################################################### 1394 1395 # Japan 1396 1397 # '9:00' and 'JST' is from Guy Harris. 1398 1399 # From Paul Eggert (1995-03-06): 1400 # Today's _Asahi Evening News_ (page 4) reports that Japan had 1401 # daylight saving between 1948 and 1951, but "the system was discontinued 1402 # because the public believed it would lead to longer working hours." 1403 1404 # From Mayumi Negishi in the 2005-08-10 Japan Times: 1405 # http://www.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/getarticle.pl5?nn20050810f2.htm 1406 # Occupation authorities imposed daylight-saving time on Japan on 1407 # [1948-05-01].... But lack of prior debate and the execution of 1408 # daylight-saving time just three days after the bill was passed generated 1409 # deep hatred of the concept.... The Diet unceremoniously passed a bill to 1410 # dump the unpopular system in October 1951, less than a month after the San 1411 # Francisco Peace Treaty was signed. (A government poll in 1951 showed 53% 1412 # of the Japanese wanted to scrap daylight-saving time, as opposed to 30% who 1413 # wanted to keep it.) 1414 1415 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1416 # Shanks & Pottenger write that DST in Japan during those years was as follows: 1417 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1418 Rule Japan 1948 only - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1419 Rule Japan 1948 1951 - Sep Sat>=8 2:00 0 S 1420 Rule Japan 1949 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1421 Rule Japan 1950 1951 - May Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1422 # but the only locations using it (for birth certificates, presumably, since 1423 # their audience is astrologers) were US military bases. For now, assume 1424 # that for most purposes daylight-saving time was observed; otherwise, what 1425 # would have been the point of the 1951 poll? 1426 1427 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-09): 1428 # 'Tokyo' usually stands for the former location of Tokyo Astronomical 1429 # Observatory: 139 degrees 44' 40.90" E (9h 18m 58.727s), 1430 # 35 degrees 39' 16.0" N. 1431 # This data is from 'Rika Nenpyou (Chronological Scientific Tables) 1996' 1432 # edited by National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.... 1433 # JST (Japan Standard Time) has been used since 1888-01-01 00:00 (JST). 1434 # The law is enacted on 1886-07-07. 1435 1436 # From Hideyuki Suzuki (1998-11-16): 1437 # The ordinance No. 51 (1886) established "standard time" in Japan, 1438 # which stands for the time on 135 degrees E. 1439 # In the ordinance No. 167 (1895), "standard time" was renamed to "central 1440 # standard time". And the same ordinance also established "western standard 1441 # time", which stands for the time on 120 degrees E.... But "western standard 1442 # time" was abolished in the ordinance No. 529 (1937). In the ordinance No. 1443 # 167, there is no mention regarding for what place western standard time is 1444 # standard.... 1445 # 1446 # I wrote "ordinance" above, but I don't know how to translate. 1447 # In Japanese it's "chokurei", which means ordinance from emperor. 1448 1449 # From Yu-Cheng Chuang (2013-07-12): 1450 # ...the Meiji Emperor announced Ordinance No. 167 of Meiji Year 28 "The clause 1451 # about standard time" ... The adoption began from Jan 1, 1896. 1452 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/標準時ニ關スル件_(公布時) 1453 # 1454 # ...the Showa Emperor announced Ordinance No. 529 of Showa Year 12 ... which 1455 # means the whole Japan territory, including later occupations, adopt Japan 1456 # Central Time (UTC+9). The adoption began on Oct 1, 1937. 1457 # http://ja.wikisource.org/wiki/明治二十八年勅令第百六十七號標準時ニ關スル件中改正ノ件 1458 1459 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1460 Zone Asia/Tokyo 9:18:59 - LMT 1887 Dec 31 15:00u 1461 9:00 - JST 1896 Jan 1 1462 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1463 9:00 Japan J%sT 1464 # Since 1938, all Japanese possessions have been like Asia/Tokyo. 1465 1466 # Jordan 1467 # 1468 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990701/JO9.html> 1469 # Jordan Week (1999-07-01) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1470 # Clocks in Jordan were forwarded one hour on Wednesday at midnight, 1471 # in accordance with the government's decision to implement summer time 1472 # all year round. 1473 # 1474 # From <http://star.arabia.com/990930/JO9.html> 1475 # Jordan Week (1999-09-30) via Steffen Thorsen (1999-11-09): 1476 # Winter time starts today Thursday, 30 September. Clocks will be turned back 1477 # by one hour. This is the latest government decision and it's final! 1478 # The decision was taken because of the increase in working hours in 1479 # government's departments from six to seven hours. 1480 # 1481 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 1482 # Starting 2003 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 1483 # 1484 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 1485 # For Jordan I have received multiple independent user reports every year 1486 # about DST end dates, as the end-rule is different every year. 1487 # 1488 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-10-01), after a heads-up from Hilal Malawi: 1489 # http://www.petranews.gov.jo/nepras/2006/Sep/05/4000.htm 1490 # "Jordan will switch to winter time on Friday, October 27". 1491 # 1492 1493 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-02): 1494 # This single one might be good enough, (2009-03-24, Arabic): 1495 # http://petra.gov.jo/Artical.aspx?Lng=2&Section=8&Artical=95279 1496 # 1497 # Google's translation: 1498 # 1499 # > The Council of Ministers decided in 2002 to adopt the principle of timely 1500 # > submission of the summer at 60 minutes as of midnight on the last Thursday 1501 # > of the month of March of each year. 1502 # 1503 # So - this means the midnight between Thursday and Friday since 2002. 1504 1505 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-06): 1506 # We still have Jordan switching to DST on Thursdays in 2000 and 2001. 1507 1508 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-10-25): 1509 # Yesterday the government in Jordan announced that they will not 1510 # switch back to standard time this winter, so the will stay on DST 1511 # until about the same time next year (at least). 1512 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?NewsID=88950 1513 1514 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-12-11): 1515 # Jordan Times and other sources say that Jordan is going back to 1516 # UTC+2 on 2013-12-19 at midnight: 1517 # http://jordantimes.com/govt-decides-to-switch-back-to-wintertime 1518 # Official, in Arabic: 1519 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/public_news/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?Menu_ID=&Site_Id=2&lang=1&NewsID=133230&CatID=14 1520 # ... Our background/permalink about it 1521 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/jordan-reverses-dst-decision.html 1522 # ... 1523 # http://www.petra.gov.jo/Public_News/Nws_NewsDetails.aspx?lang=2&site_id=1&NewsID=133313&Type=P 1524 # ... says midnight for the coming one and 1:00 for the ones in the future 1525 # (and they will use DST again next year, using the normal schedule). 1526 1527 # From Paul Eggert (2013-12-11): 1528 # As Steffen suggested, consider the past 21-month experiment to be DST. 1529 1530 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1531 Rule Jordan 1973 only - Jun 6 0:00 1:00 S 1532 Rule Jordan 1973 1975 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1533 Rule Jordan 1974 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1534 Rule Jordan 1976 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 1535 Rule Jordan 1977 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1536 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1537 Rule Jordan 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1538 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1539 Rule Jordan 1985 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1540 Rule Jordan 1986 1988 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1541 Rule Jordan 1986 1990 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1542 Rule Jordan 1989 only - May 8 0:00 1:00 S 1543 Rule Jordan 1990 only - Apr 27 0:00 1:00 S 1544 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Apr 17 0:00 1:00 S 1545 Rule Jordan 1991 only - Sep 27 0:00 0 - 1546 Rule Jordan 1992 only - Apr 10 0:00 1:00 S 1547 Rule Jordan 1992 1993 - Oct Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 1548 Rule Jordan 1993 1998 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 1549 Rule Jordan 1994 only - Sep Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 1550 Rule Jordan 1995 1998 - Sep Fri>=15 0:00s 0 - 1551 Rule Jordan 1999 only - Jul 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1552 Rule Jordan 1999 2002 - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1553 Rule Jordan 2000 2001 - Mar lastThu 0:00s 1:00 S 1554 Rule Jordan 2002 2012 - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1555 Rule Jordan 2003 only - Oct 24 0:00s 0 - 1556 Rule Jordan 2004 only - Oct 15 0:00s 0 - 1557 Rule Jordan 2005 only - Sep lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1558 Rule Jordan 2006 2011 - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1559 Rule Jordan 2013 only - Dec 20 0:00 0 - 1560 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 1561 Rule Jordan 2014 max - Oct lastFri 0:00s 0 - 1562 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1563 Zone Asia/Amman 2:23:44 - LMT 1931 1564 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1565 1566 1567 # Kazakhstan 1568 1569 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 1570 # Andrew Evtichov (1996-04-13) writes that Kazakhstan 1571 # stayed in sync with Moscow after 1990, and that Aqtobe (formerly Aktyubinsk) 1572 # and Aqtau (formerly Shevchenko) are the largest cities in their zones. 1573 # Guess that Aqtau and Aqtobe diverged in 1995, since that's the first time 1574 # IATA SSIM mentions a third time zone in Kazakhstan. 1575 1576 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1577 # German Iofis, ELSI, Almaty (2001-10-09) reports that Kazakhstan uses 1578 # RussiaAsia rules, instead of switching at 00:00 as the IATA has it. 1579 # Go with Shanks & Pottenger, who have them always using RussiaAsia rules. 1580 # Also go with the following claims of Shanks & Pottenger: 1581 # 1582 # - Kazakhstan did not observe DST in 1991. 1583 # - Qyzylorda switched from +5:00 to +6:00 on 1992-01-19 02:00. 1584 # - Oral switched from +5:00 to +4:00 in spring 1989. 1585 1586 # From Kazakhstan Embassy's News Bulletin #11 1587 # <http://www.kazsociety.org.uk/news/2005/03/30.htm> (2005-03-21): 1588 # The Government of Kazakhstan passed a resolution March 15 abolishing 1589 # daylight saving time citing lack of economic benefits and health 1590 # complications coupled with a decrease in productivity. 1591 # 1592 # From Branislav Kojic (in Astana) via Gwillim Law (2005-06-28): 1593 # ... what happened was that the former Kazakhstan Eastern time zone 1594 # was "blended" with the Central zone. Therefore, Kazakhstan now has 1595 # two time zones, and difference between them is one hour. The zone 1596 # closer to UTC is the former Western zone (probably still called the 1597 # same), encompassing four provinces in the west: Aqtobe, Atyrau, 1598 # Mangghystau, and West Kazakhstan. The other zone encompasses 1599 # everything else.... I guess that would make Kazakhstan time zones 1600 # de jure UTC+5 and UTC+6 respectively. 1601 1602 # 1603 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1604 # 1605 # Almaty (formerly Alma-Ata), representing most locations in Kazakhstan 1606 Zone Asia/Almaty 5:07:48 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Alma-Ata 1607 5:00 - ALMT 1930 Jun 21 # Alma-Ata Time 1608 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 1991 1609 6:00 - ALMT 1992 1610 6:00 RussiaAsia ALM%sT 2005 Mar 15 1611 6:00 - ALMT 1612 # Qyzylorda (aka Kyzylorda, Kizilorda, Kzyl-Orda, etc.) 1613 Zone Asia/Qyzylorda 4:21:52 - LMT 1924 May 2 1614 4:00 - KIZT 1930 Jun 21 # Kizilorda Time 1615 5:00 - KIZT 1981 Apr 1 1616 5:00 1:00 KIZST 1981 Oct 1 1617 6:00 - KIZT 1982 Apr 1 1618 5:00 RussiaAsia KIZ%sT 1991 1619 5:00 - KIZT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1620 5:00 - QYZT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 1621 6:00 RussiaAsia QYZ%sT 2005 Mar 15 1622 6:00 - QYZT 1623 # Aqtobe (aka Aktobe, formerly Aktyubinsk) 1624 Zone Asia/Aqtobe 3:48:40 - LMT 1924 May 2 1625 4:00 - AKTT 1930 Jun 21 # Aktyubinsk Time 1626 5:00 - AKTT 1981 Apr 1 1627 5:00 1:00 AKTST 1981 Oct 1 1628 6:00 - AKTT 1982 Apr 1 1629 5:00 RussiaAsia AKT%sT 1991 1630 5:00 - AKTT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1631 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Aqtobe Time 1632 5:00 - AQTT 1633 # Mangghystau 1634 # Aqtau was not founded until 1963, but it represents an inhabited region, 1635 # so include time stamps before 1963. 1636 Zone Asia/Aqtau 3:21:04 - LMT 1924 May 2 1637 4:00 - FORT 1930 Jun 21 # Fort Shevchenko T 1638 5:00 - FORT 1963 1639 5:00 - SHET 1981 Oct 1 # Shevchenko Time 1640 6:00 - SHET 1982 Apr 1 1641 5:00 RussiaAsia SHE%sT 1991 1642 5:00 - SHET 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1643 5:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 1995 Mar lastSun 2:00 # Aqtau Time 1644 4:00 RussiaAsia AQT%sT 2005 Mar 15 1645 5:00 - AQTT 1646 # West Kazakhstan 1647 Zone Asia/Oral 3:25:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ural'sk 1648 4:00 - URAT 1930 Jun 21 # Ural'sk time 1649 5:00 - URAT 1981 Apr 1 1650 5:00 1:00 URAST 1981 Oct 1 1651 6:00 - URAT 1982 Apr 1 1652 5:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1989 Mar 26 2:00 1653 4:00 RussiaAsia URA%sT 1991 1654 4:00 - URAT 1991 Dec 16 # independence 1655 4:00 RussiaAsia ORA%sT 2005 Mar 15 # Oral Time 1656 5:00 - ORAT 1657 1658 # Kyrgyzstan (Kirgizstan) 1659 # Transitions through 1991 are from Shanks & Pottenger. 1660 1661 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-15): 1662 # According to an article dated today in the Kyrgyzstan Development Gateway 1663 # http://eng.gateway.kg/cgi-bin/page.pl?id=1&story_name=doc9979.shtml 1664 # Kyrgyzstan is canceling the daylight saving time system. I take the article 1665 # to mean that they will leave their clocks at 6 hours ahead of UTC. 1666 # From Malik Abdugaliev (2005-09-21): 1667 # Our government cancels daylight saving time 6th of August 2005. 1668 # From 2005-08-12 our GMT-offset is +6, w/o any daylight saving. 1669 1670 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1671 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Apr Sun>=7 0:00s 1:00 S 1672 Rule Kyrgyz 1992 1996 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1673 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:30 1:00 S 1674 Rule Kyrgyz 1997 2004 - Oct lastSun 2:30 0 - 1675 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1676 Zone Asia/Bishkek 4:58:24 - LMT 1924 May 2 1677 5:00 - FRUT 1930 Jun 21 # Frunze Time 1678 6:00 RussiaAsia FRU%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 1679 5:00 1:00 FRUST 1991 Aug 31 2:00 # independence 1680 5:00 Kyrgyz KG%sT 2005 Aug 12 # Kyrgyzstan Time 1681 6:00 - KGT 1682 1683 ############################################################################### 1684 1685 # Korea (North and South) 1686 1687 # From Annie I. Bang (2006-07-10): 1688 # http://www.koreaherald.co.kr/SITE/data/html_dir/2006/07/10/200607100012.asp 1689 # The Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy has already 1690 # commissioned a research project [to reintroduce DST] and has said 1691 # the system may begin as early as 2008.... Korea ran a daylight 1692 # saving program from 1949-61 but stopped it during the 1950-53 Korean War. 1693 1694 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 1695 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1696 Rule ROK 1960 only - May 15 0:00 1:00 D 1697 Rule ROK 1960 only - Sep 13 0:00 0 S 1698 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - May Sun>=8 0:00 1:00 D 1699 Rule ROK 1987 1988 - Oct Sun>=8 0:00 0 S 1700 1701 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-01): 1702 # The following entries are from Shanks & Pottenger, except that I 1703 # guessed that time zone abbreviations through 1945 followed the same 1704 # rules as discussed under Taiwan, with nominal switches from JST to KST 1705 # when the respective cities were taken over by the Allies after WWII. 1706 1707 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1708 Zone Asia/Seoul 8:27:52 - LMT 1890 1709 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1710 9:00 - JCST 1928 1711 8:30 - KST 1932 1712 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1713 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 8 1714 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1715 8:00 ROK K%sT 1961 Aug 10 1716 8:30 - KST 1968 Oct 1717 9:00 ROK K%sT 1718 Zone Asia/Pyongyang 8:23:00 - LMT 1890 1719 8:30 - KST 1904 Dec 1720 9:00 - JCST 1928 1721 8:30 - KST 1932 1722 9:00 - JCST 1937 Oct 1 1723 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 24 1724 9:00 - KST 1954 Mar 21 1725 8:00 - KST 1961 Aug 10 1726 9:00 - KST 1727 1728 ############################################################################### 1729 1730 # Kuwait 1731 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1732 Zone Asia/Kuwait 3:11:56 - LMT 1950 1733 3:00 - AST 1734 1735 # Laos 1736 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1737 Zone Asia/Vientiane 6:50:24 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 # or Viangchan 1738 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 1739 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 1740 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 1741 7:00 - ICT 1742 1743 # Lebanon 1744 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1745 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Mar 28 0:00 1:00 S 1746 Rule Lebanon 1920 only - Oct 25 0:00 0 - 1747 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 1748 Rule Lebanon 1921 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 1749 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 1750 Rule Lebanon 1922 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1751 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Apr 22 0:00 1:00 S 1752 Rule Lebanon 1923 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1753 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1754 Rule Lebanon 1957 1961 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1755 Rule Lebanon 1972 only - Jun 22 0:00 1:00 S 1756 Rule Lebanon 1972 1977 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1757 Rule Lebanon 1973 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1758 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1759 Rule Lebanon 1978 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 1760 Rule Lebanon 1984 1987 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1761 Rule Lebanon 1984 1991 - Oct 16 0:00 0 - 1762 Rule Lebanon 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 1763 Rule Lebanon 1989 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 1764 Rule Lebanon 1990 1992 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1765 Rule Lebanon 1992 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 1766 Rule Lebanon 1993 max - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1767 Rule Lebanon 1993 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1768 Rule Lebanon 1999 max - Oct lastSun 0:00 0 - 1769 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1770 Zone Asia/Beirut 2:22:00 - LMT 1880 1771 2:00 Lebanon EE%sT 1772 1773 # Malaysia 1774 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1775 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Sep 14 0:00 0:20 TS # one-Third Summer 1776 Rule NBorneo 1935 1941 - Dec 14 0:00 0 - 1777 # 1778 # peninsular Malaysia 1779 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 1780 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 1781 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1782 Zone Asia/Kuala_Lumpur 6:46:46 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 1783 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 1784 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 1785 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 1786 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 1787 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 1788 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1789 7:30 - MALT 1982 Jan 1 1790 8:00 - MYT # Malaysia Time 1791 # Sabah & Sarawak 1792 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-12): 1793 # The data entries here are mostly from Shanks & Pottenger, but the 1942, 1945 1794 # and 1982 transition dates are from Mok Ly Yng. 1795 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1796 Zone Asia/Kuching 7:21:20 - LMT 1926 Mar 1797 7:30 - BORT 1933 # Borneo Time 1798 8:00 NBorneo BOR%sT 1942 Feb 16 1799 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 1800 8:00 - BORT 1982 Jan 1 1801 8:00 - MYT 1802 1803 # Maldives 1804 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1805 Zone Indian/Maldives 4:54:00 - LMT 1880 # Male 1806 4:54:00 - MMT 1960 # Male Mean Time 1807 5:00 - MVT # Maldives Time 1808 1809 # Mongolia 1810 1811 # Shanks & Pottenger say that Mongolia has three time zones, but 1812 # The USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA map Standard Time Zones of the World 1813 # (2005-03) both say that it has just one. 1814 1815 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (1999-12-11): 1816 # General Information Mongolia 1817 # <http://www.mongoliatourism.gov.mn/general.htm> (1999-09) 1818 # "Time: Mongolia has two time zones. Three westernmost provinces of 1819 # Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, and Hovd are one hour earlier than the capital city, and 1820 # the rest of the country follows the Ulaanbaatar time, which is UTC/GMT plus 1821 # eight hours." 1822 1823 # From Rives McDow (1999-12-13): 1824 # Mongolia discontinued the use of daylight savings time in 1999; 1998 1825 # being the last year it was implemented. The dates of implementation I am 1826 # unsure of, but most probably it was similar to Russia, except for the time 1827 # of implementation may have been different.... 1828 # Some maps in the past have indicated that there was an additional time 1829 # zone in the eastern part of Mongolia, including the provinces of Dornod, 1830 # Sükhbaatar, and possibly Khentii. 1831 1832 # From Paul Eggert (1999-12-15): 1833 # Naming and spelling is tricky in Mongolia. 1834 # We'll use Hovd (also spelled Chovd and Khovd) to represent the west zone; 1835 # the capital of the Hovd province is sometimes called Hovd, sometimes Dund-Us, 1836 # and sometimes Jirgalanta (with variant spellings), but the name Hovd 1837 # is good enough for our purposes. 1838 1839 # From Rives McDow (2001-05-13): 1840 # In addition to Mongolia starting daylight savings as reported earlier 1841 # (adopted DST on 2001-04-27 02:00 local time, ending 2001-09-28), 1842 # there are three time zones. 1843 # 1844 # Provinces [at 7:00]: Bayan-Ölgii, Uvs, Khovd, Zavkhan, Govi-Altai 1845 # Provinces [at 8:00]: Khövsgöl, Bulgan, Arkhangai, Khentii, Töv, 1846 # Bayankhongor, Övörkhangai, Dundgovi, Dornogovi, Ömnögovi 1847 # Provinces [at 9:00]: Dornod, Sükhbaatar 1848 # 1849 # [The province of Selenge is omitted from the above lists.] 1850 1851 # From Ganbold Ts., Ulaanbaatar (2004-04-17): 1852 # Daylight saving occurs at 02:00 local time last Saturday of March. 1853 # It will change back to normal at 02:00 local time last Saturday of 1854 # September.... As I remember this rule was changed in 2001. 1855 # 1856 # From Paul Eggert (2004-04-17): 1857 # For now, assume Rives McDow's informant got confused about Friday vs 1858 # Saturday, and that his 2001 dates should have 1 added to them. 1859 1860 # From Paul Eggert (2005-07-26): 1861 # We have wildly conflicting information about Mongolia's time zones. 1862 # Bill Bonnet (2005-05-19) reports that the US Embassy in Ulaanbaatar says 1863 # there is only one time zone and that DST is observed, citing Microsoft 1864 # Windows XP as the source. Risto Nykänen (2005-05-16) reports that 1865 # travelmongolia.org says there are two time zones (UTC+7, UTC+8) with no DST. 1866 # Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-20) reports that the Mongolian Embassy in 1867 # Washington, DC says there are two time zones, with DST observed. 1868 # He also found 1869 # http://ubpost.mongolnews.mn/index.php?subaction=showcomments&id=1111634894&archive=&start_from=&ucat=1& 1870 # which also says that there is DST, and which has a comment by "Toddius" 1871 # (2005-03-31 06:05 +0700) saying "Mongolia actually has 3.5 time zones. 1872 # The West (OLGII) is +7 GMT, most of the country is ULAT is +8 GMT 1873 # and some Eastern provinces are +9 GMT but Sükhbaatar Aimag is SUHK +8.5 GMT. 1874 # The SUKH timezone is new this year, it is one of the few things the 1875 # parliament passed during the tumultuous winter session." 1876 # For now, let's ignore this information, until we have more confirmation. 1877 1878 # From Ganbold Ts. (2007-02-26): 1879 # Parliament of Mongolia has just changed the daylight-saving rule in February. 1880 # They decided not to adopt daylight-saving time.... 1881 # http://www.mongolnews.mn/index.php?module=unuudur&sec=view&id=15742 1882 1883 # From Deborah Goldsmith (2008-03-30): 1884 # We received a bug report claiming that the tz database UTC offset for 1885 # Asia/Choibalsan (GMT+09:00) is incorrect, and that it should be GMT 1886 # +08:00 instead. Different sources appear to disagree with the tz 1887 # database on this, e.g.: 1888 # 1889 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=1026 1890 # http://www.worldtimeserver.com/current_time_in_MN.aspx 1891 # 1892 # both say GMT+08:00. 1893 1894 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-03-31): 1895 # eznis airways, which operates several domestic flights, has a flight 1896 # schedule here: 1897 # http://www.eznis.com/Container.jsp?id=112 1898 # (click the English flag for English) 1899 # 1900 # There it appears that flights between Choibalsan and Ulaanbaatar arrive 1901 # about 1:35 - 1:50 hours later in local clock time, no matter the 1902 # direction, while Ulaanbaatar-Khovd takes 2 hours in the Eastern 1903 # direction and 3:35 back, which indicates that Ulaanbaatar and Khovd are 1904 # in different time zones (like we know about), while Choibalsan and 1905 # Ulaanbaatar are in the same time zone (correction needed). 1906 1907 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 1908 # Assume that Choibalsan is indeed offset by 8:00. 1909 # XXX--in the absence of better information, assume that transition 1910 # was at the start of 2008-03-31 (the day of Steffen Thorsen's report); 1911 # this is almost surely wrong. 1912 1913 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1914 Rule Mongol 1983 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 1915 Rule Mongol 1983 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 1916 # Shanks & Pottenger and IATA SSIM say 1990s switches occurred at 00:00, 1917 # but McDow says the 2001 switches occurred at 02:00. Also, IATA SSIM 1918 # (1996-09) says 1996-10-25. Go with Shanks & Pottenger through 1998. 1919 # 1920 # Shanks & Pottenger say that the Sept. 1984 through Sept. 1990 switches 1921 # in Choibalsan (more precisely, in Dornod and Sükhbaatar) took place 1922 # at 02:00 standard time, not at 00:00 local time as in the rest of 1923 # the country. That would be odd, and possibly is a result of their 1924 # correction of 02:00 (in the previous edition) not being done correctly 1925 # in the latest edition; so ignore it for now. 1926 1927 Rule Mongol 1985 1998 - Mar lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1928 Rule Mongol 1984 1998 - Sep lastSun 0:00 0 - 1929 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says Mongolia no longer observes DST. 1930 Rule Mongol 2001 only - Apr lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1931 Rule Mongol 2001 2006 - Sep lastSat 2:00 0 - 1932 Rule Mongol 2002 2006 - Mar lastSat 2:00 1:00 S 1933 1934 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1935 # Hovd, a.k.a. Chovd, Dund-Us, Dzhargalant, Khovd, Jirgalanta 1936 Zone Asia/Hovd 6:06:36 - LMT 1905 Aug 1937 6:00 - HOVT 1978 # Hovd Time 1938 7:00 Mongol HOV%sT 1939 # Ulaanbaatar, a.k.a. Ulan Bataar, Ulan Bator, Urga 1940 Zone Asia/Ulaanbaatar 7:07:32 - LMT 1905 Aug 1941 7:00 - ULAT 1978 # Ulaanbaatar Time 1942 8:00 Mongol ULA%sT 1943 # Choibalsan, a.k.a. Bajan Tümen, Bajan Tumen, Chojbalsan, 1944 # Choybalsan, Sanbejse, Tchoibalsan 1945 Zone Asia/Choibalsan 7:38:00 - LMT 1905 Aug 1946 7:00 - ULAT 1978 1947 8:00 - ULAT 1983 Apr 1948 9:00 Mongol CHO%sT 2008 Mar 31 # Choibalsan Time 1949 8:00 Mongol CHO%sT 1950 1951 # Nepal 1952 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1953 Zone Asia/Kathmandu 5:41:16 - LMT 1920 1954 5:30 - IST 1986 1955 5:45 - NPT # Nepal Time 1956 1957 # Oman 1958 1959 # Milne says 3:54:24 was the meridian of the Muscat Tidal Observatory. 1960 1961 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1962 Zone Asia/Muscat 3:54:24 - LMT 1920 1963 4:00 - GST 1964 1965 # Pakistan 1966 1967 # From Rives McDow (2002-03-13): 1968 # I have been advised that Pakistan has decided to adopt dst on a 1969 # TRIAL basis for one year, starting 00:01 local time on April 7, 2002 1970 # and ending at 00:01 local time October 6, 2002. This is what I was 1971 # told, but I believe that the actual time of change may be 00:00; the 1972 # 00:01 was to make it clear which day it was on. 1973 1974 # From Paul Eggert (2002-03-15): 1975 # Jesper Nørgaard found this URL: 1976 # http://www.pak.gov.pk/public/news/app/app06_dec.htm 1977 # (dated 2001-12-06) which says that the Cabinet adopted a scheme "to 1978 # advance the clocks by one hour on the night between the first 1979 # Saturday and Sunday of April and revert to the original position on 1980 # 15th October each year". This agrees with McDow's 04-07 at 00:00, 1981 # but disagrees about the October transition, and makes it sound like 1982 # it's not on a trial basis. Also, the "between the first Saturday 1983 # and Sunday of April" phrase, if taken literally, means that the 1984 # transition takes place at 00:00 on the first Sunday on or after 04-02. 1985 1986 # From Paul Eggert (2003-02-09): 1987 # DAWN <http://www.dawn.com/2002/10/06/top13.htm> reported on 2002-10-05 1988 # that 2002 DST ended that day at midnight. Go with McDow for now. 1989 1990 # From Steffen Thorsen (2003-03-14): 1991 # According to http://www.dawn.com/2003/03/07/top15.htm 1992 # there will be no DST in Pakistan this year: 1993 # 1994 # ISLAMABAD, March 6: Information and Media Development Minister Sheikh 1995 # Rashid Ahmed on Thursday said the cabinet had reversed a previous 1996 # decision to advance clocks by one hour in summer and put them back by 1997 # one hour in winter with the aim of saving light hours and energy. 1998 # 1999 # The minister told a news conference that the experiment had rather 2000 # shown 8 per cent higher consumption of electricity. 2001 2002 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-15): 2003 # 2004 # Here is an article that Pakistan plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time 2005 # on June 1, 2008 for 3 months. 2006 # 2007 # "... The federal cabinet on Wednesday announced a new conservation plan to 2008 # help reduce load shedding by approving the closure of commercial centres at 2009 # 9pm and moving clocks forward by one hour for the next three months. ...." 2010 # 2011 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan01.html 2012 # http://www.dailytimes.com.pk/default.asp?page=2008%5C05%5C15%5Cstory_15-5-2008_pg1_4 2013 2014 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-05-19): 2015 # XXX--midnight transitions is a guess; 2008 only is a guess. 2016 2017 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2018 # Pakistan government has decided to keep the watches one-hour advanced 2019 # for another 2 months - plan to return to Standard Time on October 31 2020 # instead of August 31. 2021 # 2022 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan02.html 2023 # http://dailymailnews.com/200808/28/news/dmbrn03.html 2024 2025 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-04-08): 2026 # Based on previous media reports that "... proposed plan to 2027 # advance clocks by one hour from May 1 will cause disturbance 2028 # to the working schedules rather than bringing discipline in 2029 # official working." 2030 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/daily_detail.asp?id=171280 2031 # 2032 # recent news that instead of May 2009 - Pakistan plan to 2033 # introduce DST from April 15, 2009 2034 # 2035 # FYI: Associated Press Of Pakistan 2036 # April 08, 2009 2037 # Cabinet okays proposal to advance clocks by one hour from April 15 2038 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=73043&Itemid=1 2039 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan05.html 2040 # 2041 # .... 2042 # The Federal Cabinet on Wednesday approved the proposal to 2043 # advance clocks in the country by one hour from April 15 to 2044 # conserve energy" 2045 2046 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-17): 2047 # "The News International," Pakistan reports that: "The Federal 2048 # Government has decided to restore the previous time by moving the 2049 # clocks backward by one hour from October 1. A formal announcement to 2050 # this effect will be made after the Prime Minister grants approval in 2051 # this regard." 2052 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/updates.asp?id=87168 2053 2054 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-28): 2055 # According to Associated Press Of Pakistan, it is confirmed that 2056 # Pakistan clocks across the country would be turned back by an hour from 2057 # October 1, 2009. 2058 # 2059 # "Clocks to go back one hour from 1 Oct" 2060 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86715&Itemid=2 2061 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_pakistan07.htm 2062 # 2063 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-09-29): 2064 # Now they seem to have changed their mind, November 1 is the new date: 2065 # http://www.thenews.com.pk/top_story_detail.asp?Id=24742 2066 # "The country's clocks will be reversed by one hour on November 1. 2067 # Officials of Federal Ministry for Interior told this to Geo News on 2068 # Monday." 2069 # 2070 # And more importantly, it seems that these dates will be kept every year: 2071 # "It has now been decided that clocks will be wound forward by one hour 2072 # on April 15 and reversed by an hour on November 1 every year without 2073 # obtaining prior approval, the officials added." 2074 # 2075 # We have confirmed this year's end date with both with the Ministry of 2076 # Water and Power and the Pakistan Electric Power Company: 2077 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/pakistan-ends-dst09.html 2078 2079 # From Christoph Göhre (2009-10-01): 2080 # [T]he German Consulate General in Karachi reported me today that Pakistan 2081 # will go back to standard time on 1st of November. 2082 2083 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-26): 2084 # Steffen Thorsen wrote: 2085 # > On Thursday (2010-03-25) it was announced that DST would start in 2086 # > Pakistan on 2010-04-01. 2087 # > 2088 # > Then today, the president said that they might have to revert the 2089 # > decision if it is not supported by the parliament. So at the time 2090 # > being, it seems unclear if DST will be actually observed or not - but 2091 # > April 1 could be a more likely date than April 15. 2092 # Now, it seems that the decision to not observe DST in final: 2093 # 2094 # "Govt Withdraws Plan To Advance Clocks" 2095 # http://www.apakistannews.com/govt-withdraws-plan-to-advance-clocks-172041 2096 # 2097 # "People laud PM's announcement to end DST" 2098 # http://www.app.com.pk/en_/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=99374&Itemid=2 2099 2100 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2101 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Apr Sun>=2 0:01 1:00 S 2102 Rule Pakistan 2002 only - Oct Sun>=2 0:01 0 - 2103 Rule Pakistan 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 2104 Rule Pakistan 2008 2009 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2105 Rule Pakistan 2009 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 2106 2107 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2108 Zone Asia/Karachi 4:28:12 - LMT 1907 2109 5:30 - IST 1942 Sep 2110 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 15 2111 5:30 - IST 1951 Sep 30 2112 5:00 - KART 1971 Mar 26 # Karachi Time 2113 5:00 Pakistan PK%sT # Pakistan Time 2114 2115 # Palestine 2116 2117 # From Amos Shapir (1998-02-15): 2118 # 2119 # From 1917 until 1948-05-15, all of Palestine, including the parts now 2120 # known as the Gaza Strip and the West Bank, was under British rule. 2121 # Therefore the rules given for Israel for that period, apply there too... 2122 # 2123 # The Gaza Strip was under Egyptian rule between 1948-05-15 until 1967-06-05 2124 # (except a short occupation by Israel from 1956-11 till 1957-03, but no 2125 # time zone was affected then). It was never formally annexed to Egypt, 2126 # though. 2127 # 2128 # The rest of Palestine was under Jordanian rule at that time, formally 2129 # annexed in 1950 as the West Bank (and the word "Trans" was dropped from 2130 # the country's previous name of "the Hashemite Kingdom of the 2131 # Trans-Jordan"). So the rules for Jordan for that time apply. Major 2132 # towns in that area are Nablus (Shchem), El-Halil (Hebron), Ramallah, and 2133 # East Jerusalem. 2134 # 2135 # Both areas were occupied by Israel in June 1967, but not annexed (except 2136 # for East Jerusalem). They were on Israel time since then; there might 2137 # have been a Military Governor's order about time zones, but I'm not aware 2138 # of any (such orders may have been issued semi-annually whenever summer 2139 # time was in effect, but maybe the legal aspect of time was just neglected). 2140 # 2141 # The Palestinian Authority was established in 1993, and got hold of most 2142 # towns in the West Bank and Gaza by 1995. I know that in order to 2143 # demonstrate...independence, they have been switching to 2144 # summer time and back on a different schedule than Israel's, but I don't 2145 # know when this was started, or what algorithm is used (most likely the 2146 # Jordanian one). 2147 # 2148 # To summarize, the table should probably look something like that: 2149 # 2150 # Area \ when | 1918-1947 | 1948-1967 | 1967-1995 | 1996- 2151 # ------------+-----------+-----------+-----------+----------- 2152 # Israel | Zion | Zion | Zion | Zion 2153 # West bank | Zion | Jordan | Zion | Jordan 2154 # Gaza | Zion | Egypt | Zion | Jordan 2155 # 2156 # I guess more info may be available from the PA's web page (if/when they 2157 # have one). 2158 2159 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 2160 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Gaza did not observe DST until 1957, but go 2161 # with Shapir and assume that it observed DST from 1940 through 1947, 2162 # and that it used Jordanian rules starting in 1996. 2163 # We don't yet need a separate entry for the West Bank, since 2164 # the only differences between it and Gaza that we know about 2165 # occurred before our cutoff date of 1970. 2166 # However, as we get more information, we may need to add entries 2167 # for parts of the West Bank as they transitioned from Israel's rules 2168 # to Palestine's rules. 2169 2170 # From IINS News Service - Israel - 1998-03-23 10:38:07 Israel time, 2171 # forwarded by Ephraim Silverberg: 2172 # 2173 # Despite the fact that Israel changed over to daylight savings time 2174 # last week, the PLO Authority (PA) has decided not to turn its clocks 2175 # one-hour forward at this time. As a sign of independence from Israeli rule, 2176 # the PA has decided to implement DST in April. 2177 2178 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-20): 2179 # Daoud Kuttab writes in Holiday havoc 2180 # http://www.jpost.com/com/Archive/22.Apr.1999/Opinion/Article-2.html 2181 # (Jerusalem Post, 1999-04-22) that 2182 # the Palestinian National Authority changed to DST on 1999-04-15. 2183 # I vaguely recall that they switch back in October (sorry, forgot the source). 2184 # For now, let's assume that the spring switch was at 24:00, 2185 # and that they switch at 0:00 on the 3rd Fridays of April and October. 2186 2187 # From Paul Eggert (2005-11-22): 2188 # Starting 2004 transitions are from Steffen Thorsen's web site timeanddate.com. 2189 2190 # From Steffen Thorsen (2005-11-23): 2191 # A user from Gaza reported that Gaza made the change early because of 2192 # the Ramadan. Next year Ramadan will be even earlier, so I think 2193 # there is a good chance next year's end date will be around two weeks 2194 # earlier - the same goes for Jordan. 2195 2196 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-08-17): 2197 # I was informed by a user in Bethlehem that in Bethlehem it started the 2198 # same day as Israel, and after checking with other users in the area, I 2199 # was informed that they started DST one day after Israel. I was not 2200 # able to find any authoritative sources at the time, nor details if 2201 # Gaza changed as well, but presumed Gaza to follow the same rules as 2202 # the West Bank. 2203 2204 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-26): 2205 # according to the Palestine News Network (2006-09-19): 2206 # http://english.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=596&Itemid=5 2207 # > The Council of Ministers announced that this year its winter schedule 2208 # > will begin early, as of midnight Thursday. It is also time to turn 2209 # > back the clocks for winter. Friday will begin an hour late this week. 2210 # I guess it is likely that next year's date will be moved as well, 2211 # because of the Ramadan. 2212 2213 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-09-18): 2214 # According to Steffen Thorsen's web site the Gaza Strip and the rest of the 2215 # Palestinian territories left DST early on 13.th. of September at 2:00. 2216 2217 # From Paul Eggert (2007-09-20): 2218 # My understanding is that Gaza and the West Bank disagree even over when 2219 # the weekend is (Thursday+Friday versus Friday+Saturday), so I'd be a bit 2220 # surprised if they agreed about DST. But for now, assume they agree. 2221 # For lack of better information, predict that future changes will be 2222 # the 2nd Thursday of September at 02:00. 2223 2224 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-08-28): 2225 # Here is an article, that Mideast running on different clocks at Ramadan. 2226 # 2227 # Gaza Strip (as Egypt) ended DST at midnight Thursday (Aug 28, 2008), while 2228 # the West Bank will end Daylight Saving Time at midnight Sunday (Aug 31, 2008). 2229 # 2230 # http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/feedarticle/7759001 2231 # http://www.abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory?id=5676087 2232 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip01.html 2233 2234 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-26): 2235 # According to the Palestine News Network (arabic.pnn.ps), Palestinian 2236 # government decided to start Daylight Time on Thursday night March 2237 # 26 and continue until the night of 27 September 2009. 2238 # 2239 # (in Arabic) 2240 # http://arabic.pnn.ps/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=50850 2241 # 2242 # (English translation) 2243 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank01.html 2244 2245 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-31): 2246 # Palestine's Council of Ministers announced that they will revert back to 2247 # winter time on Friday, 2009-09-04. 2248 # 2249 # One news source: 2250 # http://www.safa.ps/ara/?action=showdetail&seid=4158 2251 # (Palestinian press agency, Arabic), 2252 # Google translate: "Decided that the Palestinian government in Ramallah 2253 # headed by Salam Fayyad, the start of work in time for the winter of 2254 # 2009, starting on Friday approved the fourth delay Sept. clock sixty 2255 # minutes per hour as of Friday morning." 2256 # 2257 # We are not sure if Gaza will do the same, last year they had a different 2258 # end date, we will keep this page updated: 2259 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-dst-2009.html 2260 2261 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-09-02): 2262 # Seems that Gaza Strip will go back to Winter Time same date as West Bank. 2263 # 2264 # According to Palestinian Ministry Of Interior, West Bank and Gaza Strip plan 2265 # to change time back to Standard time on September 4, 2009. 2266 # 2267 # "Winter time unite the West Bank and Gaza" 2268 # (from Palestinian National Authority): 2269 # http://www.moi.gov.ps/en/?page=633167343250594025&nid=11505 2270 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip02.html 2271 2272 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-19): 2273 # According to Voice of Palestine DST will last for 191 days, from March 2274 # 26, 2010 till "the last Sunday before the tenth day of Tishri 2275 # (October), each year" (October 03, 2010?) 2276 # 2277 # http://palvoice.org/forums/showthread.php?t=245697 2278 # (in Arabic) 2279 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_westbank03.html 2280 2281 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-24): 2282 # ...Ma'an News Agency reports that Hamas cabinet has decided it will 2283 # start one day later, at 12:01am. Not sure if they really mean 12:01am or 2284 # noon though: 2285 # 2286 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=271178 2287 # (Ma'an News Agency) 2288 # "At 12:01am Friday, clocks in Israel and the West Bank will change to 2289 # 1:01am, while Gaza clocks will change at 12:01am Saturday morning." 2290 2291 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-08-11): 2292 # According to several sources, including 2293 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=306795 2294 # the clocks were set back one hour at 2010-08-11 00:00:00 local time in 2295 # Gaza and the West Bank. 2296 # Some more background info: 2297 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/westbank-gaza-end-dst-2010.html 2298 2299 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-08-26): 2300 # Gaza and the West Bank did go back to standard time in the beginning of 2301 # August, and will now enter daylight saving time again on 2011-08-30 2302 # 00:00 (so two periods of DST in 2011). The pause was because of 2303 # Ramadan. 2304 # 2305 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=416217 2306 # Additional info: 2307 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/palestine-dst-2011.html 2308 2309 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-08-27): 2310 # According to the article in The Jerusalem Post: 2311 # "...Earlier this month, the Palestinian government in the West Bank decided to 2312 # move to standard time for 30 days, during Ramadan. The Palestinians in the 2313 # Gaza Strip accepted the change and also moved their clocks one hour back. 2314 # The Hamas government said on Saturday that it won't observe summertime after 2315 # the Muslim feast of Id al-Fitr, which begins on Tuesday..." 2316 # ... 2317 # http://www.jpost.com/MiddleEast/Article.aspx?id=235650 2318 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_gazastrip05.html 2319 # The rules for Egypt are stolen from the 'africa' file. 2320 2321 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-09-30): 2322 # West Bank did end Daylight Saving Time this morning/midnight (2011-09-30 2323 # 00:00). 2324 # So West Bank and Gaza now have the same time again. 2325 # 2326 # Many sources, including: 2327 # http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=424808 2328 2329 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2330 # Palestinian news sources tell that both Gaza and West Bank will start DST 2331 # on Friday (Thursday midnight, 2012-03-29 24:00). 2332 # Some of many sources in Arabic: 2333 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=122638 2334 # 2335 # http://safa.ps/details/news/74352/%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B6%D9%81%D8%A9-%D9%88%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9-%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%84%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D9%85%D8%B9%D8%A9.html 2336 # 2337 # Our brief summary: 2338 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/gaza-west-bank-dst-2012.html 2339 2340 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-03-26): 2341 # The following news sources tells that Palestine will "start daylight saving 2342 # time from midnight on Friday, March 29, 2013" (translated). 2343 # [These are in Arabic and are for Gaza and for Ramallah, respectively.] 2344 # http://www.samanews.com/index.php?act=Show&id=154120 2345 # http://safa.ps/details/news/99844/%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D9%88%D9%82%D9%8A%D8%AA-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%8A%D9%81%D9%8A-29-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AC%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A.html 2346 2347 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-24): 2348 # The Gaza and West Bank are ending DST Thursday at midnight 2349 # (2013-09-27 00:00:00) (one hour earlier than last year...). 2350 # This source in English, says "that winter time will go into effect 2351 # at midnight on Thursday in the West Bank and Gaza Strip": 2352 # http://english.wafa.ps/index.php?action=detail&id=23246 2353 # official source...: 2354 # http://www.palestinecabinet.gov.ps/ar/Views/ViewDetails.aspx?pid=1252 2355 2356 # From Paul Eggert (2013-09-24): 2357 # For future dates, guess the last Thursday in March at 24:00 through 2358 # the first Friday on or after September 21 at 00:00. This is consistent with 2359 # the predictions in today's editions of the following URLs, 2360 # which are for Gaza and Hebron respectively: 2361 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=702 2362 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/timezone.html?n=2364 2363 2364 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2365 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 2366 Rule EgyptAsia 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2367 Rule EgyptAsia 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 2368 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1967 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 2369 Rule EgyptAsia 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 2370 Rule EgyptAsia 1966 only - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 2371 2372 Rule Palestine 1999 2005 - Apr Fri>=15 0:00 1:00 S 2373 Rule Palestine 1999 2003 - Oct Fri>=15 0:00 0 - 2374 Rule Palestine 2004 only - Oct 1 1:00 0 - 2375 Rule Palestine 2005 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 2376 Rule Palestine 2006 2007 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2377 Rule Palestine 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2378 Rule Palestine 2007 only - Sep Thu>=8 2:00 0 - 2379 Rule Palestine 2008 2009 - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2380 Rule Palestine 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 2381 Rule Palestine 2009 only - Sep Fri>=1 1:00 0 - 2382 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2383 Rule Palestine 2010 only - Aug 11 0:00 0 - 2384 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Apr 1 0:01 1:00 S 2385 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 2386 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Aug 30 0:00 1:00 S 2387 Rule Palestine 2011 only - Sep 30 0:00 0 - 2388 Rule Palestine 2012 max - Mar lastThu 24:00 1:00 S 2389 Rule Palestine 2012 only - Sep 21 1:00 0 - 2390 Rule Palestine 2013 max - Sep Fri>=21 0:00 0 - 2391 2392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2393 Zone Asia/Gaza 2:17:52 - LMT 1900 Oct 2394 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2395 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2396 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2397 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2398 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2008 Aug 29 0:00 2399 2:00 - EET 2008 Sep 2400 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2010 2401 2:00 - EET 2010 Mar 27 0:01 2402 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2011 Aug 1 2403 2:00 - EET 2012 2404 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2405 2406 Zone Asia/Hebron 2:20:23 - LMT 1900 Oct 2407 2:00 Zion EET 1948 May 15 2408 2:00 EgyptAsia EE%sT 1967 Jun 5 2409 2:00 Zion I%sT 1996 2410 2:00 Jordan EE%sT 1999 2411 2:00 Palestine EE%sT 2412 2413 # Paracel Is 2414 # no information 2415 2416 # Philippines 2417 # On 1844-08-16, Narciso Clavería, governor-general of the 2418 # Philippines, issued a proclamation announcing that 1844-12-30 was to 2419 # be immediately followed by 1845-01-01; see R.H. van Gent's 2420 # History of the International Date Line 2421 # http://www.staff.science.uu.nl/~gent0113/idl/idl_philippines.htm 2422 # The rest of the data entries are from Shanks & Pottenger. 2423 2424 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-26): 2425 # ... claims that Philippines had DST last time in 1990: 2426 # http://story.philippinetimes.com/p.x/ct/9/id/145be20cc6b121c0/cid/3e5bbccc730d258c/ 2427 # [a story dated 2006-04-25 by Cris Larano of Dow Jones Newswires, 2428 # but no details] 2429 2430 # From Paul Eggert (2014-08-14): 2431 # The following source says DST may be instituted November-January and again 2432 # March-June, but this is not definite. It also says DST was last proclaimed 2433 # during the Ramos administration (1992-1998); but again, no details. 2434 # Carcamo D. PNoy urged to declare use of daylight saving time. 2435 # Philippine Star 2014-08-05 2436 # http://www.philstar.com/headlines/2014/08/05/1354152/pnoy-urged-declare-use-daylight-saving-time 2437 2438 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2439 Rule Phil 1936 only - Nov 1 0:00 1:00 S 2440 Rule Phil 1937 only - Feb 1 0:00 0 - 2441 Rule Phil 1954 only - Apr 12 0:00 1:00 S 2442 Rule Phil 1954 only - Jul 1 0:00 0 - 2443 Rule Phil 1978 only - Mar 22 0:00 1:00 S 2444 Rule Phil 1978 only - Sep 21 0:00 0 - 2445 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2446 Zone Asia/Manila -15:56:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 2447 8:04:00 - LMT 1899 May 11 2448 8:00 Phil PH%sT 1942 May 2449 9:00 - JST 1944 Nov 2450 8:00 Phil PH%sT 2451 2452 # Qatar 2453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2454 Zone Asia/Qatar 3:26:08 - LMT 1920 # Al Dawhah / Doha 2455 4:00 - GST 1972 Jun 2456 3:00 - AST 2457 2458 # Saudi Arabia 2459 # 2460 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-15): 2461 # Time in Saudi Arabia and other countries in the Arabian peninsula was not 2462 # standardized until relatively recently; we don't know when, and possibly it 2463 # has never been made official. Richard P Hunt, in "Islam city yielding to 2464 # modern times", New York Times (1961-04-09), p 20, wrote that only airlines 2465 # observed standard time, and that people in Jeddah mostly observed quasi-solar 2466 # time, doing so by setting their watches at sunrise to 6 o'clock (or to 12 2467 # o'clock for "Arab" time). 2468 # 2469 # The TZ database cannot represent quasi-solar time; airline time is the best 2470 # we can do. The 1946 foreign air news digest of the U.S. Civil Aeronautics 2471 # Board (OCLC 42299995) reported that the "... Arabian Government, inaugurated 2472 # a weekly Dhahran-Cairo service, via the Saudi Arabian cities of Riyadh and 2473 # Jidda, on March 14, 1947". Shanks & Pottenger guessed 1950; go with the 2474 # earlier date. 2475 # 2476 # Shanks & Pottenger also state that until 1968-05-01 Saudi Arabia had two 2477 # time zones; the other zone, at UTC+4, was in the far eastern part of 2478 # the country. Ignore this, as it's before our 1970 cutoff. 2479 # 2480 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2481 Zone Asia/Riyadh 3:06:52 - LMT 1947 Mar 14 2482 3:00 - AST 2483 2484 # Singapore 2485 # taken from Mok Ly Yng (2003-10-30) 2486 # http://www.math.nus.edu.sg/aslaksen/teaching/timezone.html 2487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2488 Zone Asia/Singapore 6:55:25 - LMT 1901 Jan 1 2489 6:55:25 - SMT 1905 Jun 1 # Singapore M.T. 2490 7:00 - MALT 1933 Jan 1 # Malaya Time 2491 7:00 0:20 MALST 1936 Jan 1 2492 7:20 - MALT 1941 Sep 1 2493 7:30 - MALT 1942 Feb 16 2494 9:00 - JST 1945 Sep 12 2495 7:30 - MALT 1965 Aug 9 # independence 2496 7:30 - SGT 1982 Jan 1 # Singapore Time 2497 8:00 - SGT 2498 2499 # Spratly Is 2500 # no information 2501 2502 # Sri Lanka 2503 2504 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2505 # Milne says "Madras mean time use from May 1, 1898. Prior to this Colombo 2506 # mean time, 5h. 4m. 21.9s. F., was used." But 5:04:21.9 differs considerably 2507 # from Colombo's meridian 5:19:24, so for now ignore Milne and stick with 2508 # Shanks and Pottenger. 2509 2510 # From Paul Eggert (1996-09-03): 2511 # "Sri Lanka advances clock by an hour to avoid blackout" 2512 # (<http://www.virtual-pc.com/lankaweb/news/items/240596-2.html>, 1996-05-24, 2513 # no longer available as of 1999-08-17) 2514 # reported "the country's standard time will be put forward by one hour at 2515 # midnight Friday (1830 GMT) 'in the light of the present power crisis'." 2516 # 2517 # From Dharmasiri Senanayake, Sri Lanka Media Minister (1996-10-24), as quoted 2518 # by Shamindra in Daily News - Hot News Section 2519 # <news:54rka5$m5h@mtinsc01-mgt.ops.worldnet.att.net> (1996-10-26): 2520 # With effect from 12.30 a.m. on 26th October 1996 2521 # Sri Lanka will be six (06) hours ahead of GMT. 2522 2523 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-04-14), quoting Sri Lanka News Online 2524 # <http://news.sinhalaya.com/wmview.php?ArtID=11002> (2006-04-13): 2525 # 0030 hrs on April 15, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006 +30 minutes) 2526 # at present, become 2400 hours of April 14, 2006 (midnight of April 14, 2006). 2527 2528 # From Peter Apps and Ranga Sirila of Reuters (2006-04-12) in: 2529 # http://today.reuters.co.uk/news/newsArticle.aspx?type=scienceNews&storyID=2006-04-12T172228Z_01_COL295762_RTRIDST_0_SCIENCE-SRILANKA-TIME-DC.XML 2530 # [The Tamil Tigers] never accepted the original 1996 time change and simply 2531 # kept their clocks set five and a half hours ahead of Greenwich Mean 2532 # Time (GMT), in line with neighbor India. 2533 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-18): 2534 # People who live in regions under Tamil control can use [TZ='Asia/Kolkata'], 2535 # as that zone has agreed with the Tamil areas since our cutoff date of 1970. 2536 2537 # From K Sethu (2006-04-25): 2538 # I think the abbreviation LKT originated from the world of computers at 2539 # the time of or subsequent to the time zone changes by SL Government 2540 # twice in 1996 and probably SL Government or its standardization 2541 # agencies never declared an abbreviation as a national standard. 2542 # 2543 # I recollect before the recent change the government announcements 2544 # mentioning it as simply changing Sri Lanka Standard Time or Sri Lanka 2545 # Time and no mention was made about the abbreviation. 2546 # 2547 # If we look at Sri Lanka Department of Government's "Official News 2548 # Website of Sri Lanka" ... http://www.news.lk/ we can see that they 2549 # use SLT as abbreviation in time stamp at the beginning of each news 2550 # item.... 2551 # 2552 # Within Sri Lanka I think LKT is well known among computer users and 2553 # administrators. In my opinion SLT may not be a good choice because the 2554 # nation's largest telcom / internet operator Sri Lanka Telcom is well 2555 # known by that abbreviation - simply as SLT (there IP domains are 2556 # slt.lk and sltnet.lk). 2557 # 2558 # But if indeed our government has adopted SLT as standard abbreviation 2559 # (that we have not known so far) then it is better that it be used for 2560 # all computers. 2561 2562 # From Paul Eggert (2006-04-25): 2563 # One possibility is that we wait for a bit for the dust to settle down 2564 # and then see what people actually say in practice. 2565 2566 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2567 Zone Asia/Colombo 5:19:24 - LMT 1880 2568 5:19:32 - MMT 1906 # Moratuwa Mean Time 2569 5:30 - IST 1942 Jan 5 2570 5:30 0:30 IHST 1942 Sep 2571 5:30 1:00 IST 1945 Oct 16 2:00 2572 5:30 - IST 1996 May 25 0:00 2573 6:30 - LKT 1996 Oct 26 0:30 2574 6:00 - LKT 2006 Apr 15 0:30 2575 5:30 - IST 2576 2577 # Syria 2578 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 2579 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Apr Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 S 2580 Rule Syria 1920 1923 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 2581 Rule Syria 1962 only - Apr 29 2:00 1:00 S 2582 Rule Syria 1962 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2583 Rule Syria 1963 1965 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2584 Rule Syria 1963 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2585 Rule Syria 1964 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2586 Rule Syria 1965 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2587 Rule Syria 1966 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 S 2588 Rule Syria 1966 1976 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2589 Rule Syria 1967 1978 - May 1 2:00 1:00 S 2590 Rule Syria 1977 1978 - Sep 1 2:00 0 - 2591 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Apr 9 2:00 1:00 S 2592 Rule Syria 1983 1984 - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2593 Rule Syria 1986 only - Feb 16 2:00 1:00 S 2594 Rule Syria 1986 only - Oct 9 2:00 0 - 2595 Rule Syria 1987 only - Mar 1 2:00 1:00 S 2596 Rule Syria 1987 1988 - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 2597 Rule Syria 1988 only - Mar 15 2:00 1:00 S 2598 Rule Syria 1989 only - Mar 31 2:00 1:00 S 2599 Rule Syria 1989 only - Oct 1 2:00 0 - 2600 Rule Syria 1990 only - Apr 1 2:00 1:00 S 2601 Rule Syria 1990 only - Sep 30 2:00 0 - 2602 Rule Syria 1991 only - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2603 Rule Syria 1991 1992 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2604 Rule Syria 1992 only - Apr 8 0:00 1:00 S 2605 Rule Syria 1993 only - Mar 26 0:00 1:00 S 2606 Rule Syria 1993 only - Sep 25 0:00 0 - 2607 # IATA SSIM (1998-02) says 1998-04-02; 2608 # (1998-09) says 1999-03-29 and 1999-09-29; (1999-02) says 1999-04-02, 2609 # 2000-04-02, and 2001-04-02; (1999-09) says 2000-03-31 and 2001-03-31; 2610 # (2006) says 2006-03-31 and 2006-09-22; 2611 # for now ignore all these claims and go with Shanks & Pottenger, 2612 # except for the 2006-09-22 claim (which seems right for Ramadan). 2613 Rule Syria 1994 1996 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2614 Rule Syria 1994 2005 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 2615 Rule Syria 1997 1998 - Mar lastMon 0:00 1:00 S 2616 Rule Syria 1999 2006 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 2617 # From Stephen Colebourne (2006-09-18): 2618 # According to IATA data, Syria will change DST on 21st September [21:00 UTC] 2619 # this year [only].... This is probably related to Ramadan, like Egypt. 2620 Rule Syria 2006 only - Sep 22 0:00 0 - 2621 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-29): 2622 # Today the AP reported "Syria will switch to summertime at midnight Thursday." 2623 # http://www.iht.com/articles/ap/2007/03/29/africa/ME-GEN-Syria-Time-Change.php 2624 Rule Syria 2007 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2625 # From Jesper Nørgaard (2007-10-27): 2626 # The sister center ICARDA of my work CIMMYT is confirming that Syria DST will 2627 # not take place 1st November at 0:00 o'clock but 1st November at 24:00 or 2628 # rather Midnight between Thursday and Friday. This does make more sense than 2629 # having it between Wednesday and Thursday (two workdays in Syria) since the 2630 # weekend in Syria is not Saturday and Sunday, but Friday and Saturday. So now 2631 # it is implemented at midnight of the last workday before weekend... 2632 # 2633 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-10-27): 2634 # Jesper Nørgaard Welen wrote: 2635 # 2636 # > "Winter local time in Syria will be observed at midnight of Thursday 1 2637 # > November 2007, and the clock will be put back 1 hour." 2638 # 2639 # I found confirmation on this in this gov.sy-article (Arabic): 2640 # http://wehda.alwehda.gov.sy/_print_veiw.asp?FileName=12521710520070926111247 2641 # 2642 # which using Google's translate tools says: 2643 # Council of Ministers also approved the commencement of work on 2644 # identifying the winter time as of Friday, 2/11/2007 where the 60th 2645 # minute delay at midnight Thursday 1/11/2007. 2646 Rule Syria 2007 only - Nov Fri>=1 0:00 0 - 2647 2648 # From Stephen Colebourne (2008-03-17): 2649 # For everyone's info, I saw an IATA time zone change for [Syria] for 2650 # this month (March 2008) in the last day or so.... 2651 # Country Time Standard --- DST Start --- --- DST End --- DST 2652 # Name Zone Variation Time Date Time Date 2653 # Variation 2654 # Syrian Arab 2655 # Republic SY +0200 2200 03APR08 2100 30SEP08 +0300 2656 # 2200 02APR09 2100 30SEP09 +0300 2657 # 2200 01APR10 2100 30SEP10 +0300 2658 2659 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-17): 2660 # Here's a link to English-language coverage by the Syrian Arab News 2661 # Agency (SANA)... 2662 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2008/03/11/165173.htm 2663 # ...which reads (in part) "The Cabinet approved the suggestion of the 2664 # Ministry of Electricity to begin daylight savings time on Friday April 2665 # 4th, advancing clocks one hour ahead on midnight of Thursday April 3rd." 2666 # Since Syria is two hours east of UTC, the 2200 and 2100 transition times 2667 # shown above match up with midnight in Syria. 2668 2669 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2670 # My best guess at a Syrian rule is "the Friday nearest April 1"; 2671 # coding that involves either using a "Mar Fri>=29" construct that old time zone 2672 # compilers can't handle or having multiple Rules (a la Israel). 2673 # For now, use "Apr Fri>=1", and go with IATA on a uniform Sep 30 end. 2674 2675 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-10-07): 2676 # Syria has now officially decided to end DST on 2008-11-01 this year, 2677 # according to the following article in the Syrian Arab News Agency (SANA). 2678 # 2679 # The article is in Arabic, and seems to tell that they will go back to 2680 # winter time on 2008-11-01 at 00:00 local daylight time (delaying/setting 2681 # clocks back 60 minutes). 2682 # 2683 # http://sana.sy/ara/2/2008/10/07/195459.htm 2684 2685 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-19): 2686 # Syria will start DST on 2009-03-27 00:00 this year according to many sources, 2687 # two examples: 2688 # 2689 # http://www.sana.sy/eng/21/2009/03/17/217563.htm 2690 # (English, Syrian Arab News # Agency) 2691 # http://thawra.alwehda.gov.sy/_View_news2.asp?FileName=94459258720090318012209 2692 # (Arabic, gov-site) 2693 # 2694 # We have not found any sources saying anything about when DST ends this year. 2695 # 2696 # Our summary 2697 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-starts-march-27-2009.html 2698 2699 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-27): 2700 # The Syrian Arab News Network on 2009-09-29 reported that Syria will 2701 # revert back to winter (standard) time on midnight between Thursday 2702 # 2009-10-29 and Friday 2009-10-30: 2703 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2009/09/29/247012.htm (Arabic) 2704 2705 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-10-28): 2706 # We'll see if future DST switching times turn out to be end of the last 2707 # Thursday of the month or the start of the last Friday of the month or 2708 # something else. For now, use the start of the last Friday. 2709 2710 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-17): 2711 # The "Syrian News Station" reported on 2010-03-16 that the Council of 2712 # Ministers has decided that Syria will start DST on midnight Thursday 2713 # 2010-04-01: (midnight between Thursday and Friday): 2714 # http://sns.sy/sns/?path=news/read/11421 (Arabic) 2715 2716 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-03-26): 2717 # Today, Syria's government announced that they will start DST early on Friday 2718 # (00:00). This is a bit earlier than the past two years. 2719 # 2720 # From Syrian Arab News Agency, in Arabic: 2721 # http://www.sana.sy/ara/2/2012/03/26/408215.htm 2722 # 2723 # Our brief summary: 2724 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/syria-dst-2012.html 2725 2726 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-27): 2727 # Assume last Friday in March going forward XXX. 2728 2729 Rule Syria 2008 only - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2730 Rule Syria 2008 only - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 2731 Rule Syria 2009 only - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2732 Rule Syria 2010 2011 - Apr Fri>=1 0:00 1:00 S 2733 Rule Syria 2012 max - Mar lastFri 0:00 1:00 S 2734 Rule Syria 2009 max - Oct lastFri 0:00 0 - 2735 2736 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2737 Zone Asia/Damascus 2:25:12 - LMT 1920 # Dimashq 2738 2:00 Syria EE%sT 2739 2740 # Tajikistan 2741 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2742 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2743 Zone Asia/Dushanbe 4:35:12 - LMT 1924 May 2 2744 5:00 - DUST 1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time 2745 6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00s 2746 5:00 1:00 DUSST 1991 Sep 9 2:00s 2747 5:00 - TJT # Tajikistan Time 2748 2749 # Thailand 2750 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2751 Zone Asia/Bangkok 6:42:04 - LMT 1880 2752 6:42:04 - BMT 1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time 2753 7:00 - ICT 2754 2755 # Turkmenistan 2756 # From Shanks & Pottenger. 2757 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2758 Zone Asia/Ashgabat 3:53:32 - LMT 1924 May 2 # or Ashkhabad 2759 4:00 - ASHT 1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time 2760 5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2761 4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT 1991 Oct 27 # independence 2762 4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT 1992 Jan 19 2:00 2763 5:00 - TMT 2764 2765 # United Arab Emirates 2766 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2767 Zone Asia/Dubai 3:41:12 - LMT 1920 2768 4:00 - GST 2769 2770 # Uzbekistan 2771 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53. 2772 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2773 Zone Asia/Samarkand 4:27:53 - LMT 1924 May 2 2774 4:00 - SAMT 1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time 2775 5:00 - SAMT 1981 Apr 1 2776 5:00 1:00 SAMST 1981 Oct 1 2777 6:00 - TAST 1982 Apr 1 # Tashkent Time 2778 5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2779 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2780 5:00 - UZT 2781 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest. 2782 Zone Asia/Tashkent 4:37:11 - LMT 1924 May 2 2783 5:00 - TAST 1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time 2784 6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Mar 31 2:00 2785 5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT 1991 Sep 1 # independence 2786 5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT 1992 2787 5:00 - UZT 2788 2789 # Vietnam 2790 2791 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 2792 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being 2793 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam. But this is quite a ways 2794 # from Saigon's location. For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks 2795 # and Pottenger. 2796 2797 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18): 2798 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh 2799 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters. 2800 2801 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 2802 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2803 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh 7:06:40 - LMT 1906 Jun 9 2804 7:06:20 - SMT 1911 Mar 11 0:01 # Saigon MT? 2805 7:00 - ICT 1912 May 2806 8:00 - ICT 1931 May 2807 7:00 - ICT 2808 2809 # Yemen 2810 2811 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden, 2812 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia. 2813 2814 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 2815 Zone Asia/Aden 2:59:54 - LMT 1950 2816 3:00 - AST