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  53 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
  54 #
  55 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
  56 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
  57 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
  58 #
  59 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  60 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  61 #
  62 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
  63 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
  64 # Corrections are welcome!
  65 #            std  dst
  66 #            LMT        Local Mean Time
  67 #       2:00 EET  EEST  Eastern European Time
  68 #       2:00 IST  IDT   Israel
  69 #       3:00 AST  ADT   Arabia*
  70 #       3:30 IRST IRDT  Iran
  71 #       4:00 GST        Gulf*
  72 #       5:30 IST        India
  73 #       7:00 ICT        Indochina*
  74 #       7:00 WIB        west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
  75 #       8:00 WITA       central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
  76 #       8:00 CST        China

  77 #       8:00 JWST       Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
  78 #       9:00 JCST       Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
  79 #       9:00 WIT        east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
  80 #       9:00 JST  JDT   Japan
  81 #       9:00 KST  KDT   Korea
  82 #       9:30 ACST       Australian Central Standard Time
  83 #
  84 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
  85 
  86 # From Guy Harris:
  87 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
  88 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
  89 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
  90 # Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
  91 
  92 ###############################################################################
  93 
  94 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
  95 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  96 Rule    EUAsia  1981    max     -       Mar     lastSun  1:00u  1:00    S


 277                         6:00    -       IOT
 278 
 279 # Brunei
 280 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 281 Zone    Asia/Brunei     7:39:40 -       LMT     1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 282                         7:30    -       BNT     1933
 283                         8:00    -       BNT
 284 
 285 # Burma / Myanmar
 286 
 287 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 288 
 289 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 290 Zone    Asia/Rangoon    6:24:40 -       LMT     1880        # or Yangon
 291                         6:24:40 -       RMT     1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
 292                         6:30    -       BURT    1942 May    # Burma Time
 293                         9:00    -       JST     1945 May  3
 294                         6:30    -       MMT     # Myanmar Time
 295 
 296 # Cambodia
 297 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 298 Zone    Asia/Phnom_Penh 6:59:40 -       LMT     1906 Jun  9
 299                         7:06:20 -       SMT     1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
 300                         7:00    -       ICT     1912 May
 301                         8:00    -       ICT     1931 May
 302                         7:00    -       ICT
 303 
 304 # China
 305 
 306 # From Guy Harris:
 307 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
 308 
 309 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 310 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 311 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
 312 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
 313 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
 314 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 315 #
 316 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
 317 # painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
 318 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
 319 #
 320 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
 321 #     1987 mid-April - ??
 322 


 899                         9:00    -       JST     1945 Sep 23
 900                         9:00    -       TLT     1976 May  3
 901                         8:00    -       WITA    2000 Sep 17  0:00
 902                         9:00    -       TLT
 903 
 904 # India
 905 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 906 Zone    Asia/Kolkata    5:53:28 -       LMT     1880        # Kolkata
 907                         5:53:20 -       HMT     1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 908                         6:30    -       BURT    1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 909                         5:30    -       IST     1942 Sep
 910                         5:30    1:00    IST     1945 Oct 15
 911                         5:30    -       IST
 912 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 913 #       Andaman Is
 914 #       Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
 915 #       Nicobar Is
 916 
 917 # Indonesia
 918 #




 919 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
 920 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
 921 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
 922 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
 923 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
 924 #
 925 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
 926 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
 927 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
 928 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
 929 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
 930 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
 931 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
 932 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 933 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
 934 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 935 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 936 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 937 #
 938 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):


1716                         8:30    -       KST     1968 Oct
1717                         9:00    ROK     K%sT
1718 Zone    Asia/Pyongyang  8:23:00 -       LMT     1890
1719                         8:30    -       KST     1904 Dec
1720                         9:00    -       JCST    1928
1721                         8:30    -       KST     1932
1722                         9:00    -       JCST    1937 Oct  1
1723                         9:00    -       JST     1945 Aug 24
1724                         9:00    -       KST     1954 Mar 21
1725                         8:00    -       KST     1961 Aug 10
1726                         9:00    -       KST
1727 
1728 ###############################################################################
1729 
1730 # Kuwait
1731 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1732 Zone    Asia/Kuwait     3:11:56 -       LMT     1950
1733                         3:00    -       AST
1734 
1735 # Laos
1736 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1737 Zone    Asia/Vientiane  6:50:24 -       LMT     1906 Jun  9       # or Viangchan
1738                         7:06:20 -       SMT     1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
1739                         7:00    -       ICT     1912 May
1740                         8:00    -       ICT     1931 May
1741                         7:00    -       ICT
1742 
1743 # Lebanon
1744 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1745 Rule    Lebanon 1920    only    -       Mar     28      0:00    1:00    S
1746 Rule    Lebanon 1920    only    -       Oct     25      0:00    0       -
1747 Rule    Lebanon 1921    only    -       Apr     3       0:00    1:00    S
1748 Rule    Lebanon 1921    only    -       Oct     3       0:00    0       -
1749 Rule    Lebanon 1922    only    -       Mar     26      0:00    1:00    S
1750 Rule    Lebanon 1922    only    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       -
1751 Rule    Lebanon 1923    only    -       Apr     22      0:00    1:00    S
1752 Rule    Lebanon 1923    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -
1753 Rule    Lebanon 1957    1961    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    S
1754 Rule    Lebanon 1957    1961    -       Oct     1       0:00    0       -
1755 Rule    Lebanon 1972    only    -       Jun     22      0:00    1:00    S
1756 Rule    Lebanon 1972    1977    -       Oct     1       0:00    0       -
1757 Rule    Lebanon 1973    1977    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    S
1758 Rule    Lebanon 1978    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
1759 Rule    Lebanon 1978    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       -
1760 Rule    Lebanon 1984    1987    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    S
1761 Rule    Lebanon 1984    1991    -       Oct     16      0:00    0       -


2734 Rule    Syria   2009    max     -       Oct     lastFri 0:00    0       -
2735 
2736 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2737 Zone    Asia/Damascus   2:25:12 -       LMT     1920 # Dimashq
2738                         2:00    Syria   EE%sT
2739 
2740 # Tajikistan
2741 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2742 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2743 Zone    Asia/Dushanbe   4:35:12 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2744                         5:00    -       DUST    1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2745                         6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2746                         5:00    1:00    DUSST   1991 Sep  9  2:00s
2747                         5:00    -       TJT     # Tajikistan Time
2748 
2749 # Thailand
2750 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2751 Zone    Asia/Bangkok    6:42:04 -       LMT     1880
2752                         6:42:04 -       BMT     1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2753                         7:00    -       ICT


2754 
2755 # Turkmenistan
2756 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2757 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2758 Zone    Asia/Ashgabat   3:53:32 -       LMT     1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
2759                         4:00    -       ASHT    1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2760                         5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00
2761                         4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT  1991 Oct 27 # independence
2762                         4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT   1992 Jan 19  2:00
2763                         5:00    -       TMT
2764 
2765 # United Arab Emirates
2766 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2767 Zone    Asia/Dubai      3:41:12 -       LMT     1920
2768                         4:00    -       GST
2769 
2770 # Uzbekistan
2771 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2772 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2773 Zone    Asia/Samarkand  4:27:53 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2774                         4:00    -       SAMT    1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2775                         5:00    -       SAMT    1981 Apr  1
2776                         5:00    1:00    SAMST   1981 Oct  1
2777                         6:00    -       TAST    1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
2778                         5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT  1991 Sep  1 # independence
2779                         5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT   1992
2780                         5:00    -       UZT
2781 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2782 Zone    Asia/Tashkent   4:37:11 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2783                         5:00    -       TAST    1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2784                         6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00
2785                         5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT  1991 Sep  1 # independence
2786                         5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT   1992
2787                         5:00    -       UZT
2788 
2789 # Vietnam
2790 
2791 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21):
2792 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2793 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
2794 # from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2795 # and Pottenger.
2796 
2797 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2798 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2799 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2800 
2801 # From Shanks & Pottenger:
2802 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2803 Zone    Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh        7:06:40 -       LMT     1906 Jun  9
2804                         7:06:20 -       SMT     1911 Mar 11  0:01 # Saigon MT?
2805                         7:00    -       ICT     1912 May
2806                         8:00    -       ICT     1931 May











































2807                         7:00    -       ICT
2808 
2809 # Yemen
2810 
2811 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
2812 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
2813 
2814 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2815 Zone    Asia/Aden       2:59:54 -       LMT     1950
2816                         3:00    -       AST


  53 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
  54 #
  55 # For Russian data circa 1919, a source is:
  56 # Byalokoz EL. New Counting of Time in Russia since July 1, 1919.
  57 # (See the 'europe' file for a fuller citation.)
  58 #
  59 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  60 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  61 #
  62 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table;
  63 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources.
  64 # Corrections are welcome!
  65 #            std  dst
  66 #            LMT        Local Mean Time
  67 #       2:00 EET  EEST  Eastern European Time
  68 #       2:00 IST  IDT   Israel
  69 #       3:00 AST  ADT   Arabia*
  70 #       3:30 IRST IRDT  Iran
  71 #       4:00 GST        Gulf*
  72 #       5:30 IST        India
  73 #       7:00 ICT        Indochina, most times and locations*
  74 #       7:00 WIB        west Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Barat)
  75 #       8:00 WITA       central Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Tengah)
  76 #       8:00 CST        China
  77 #       8:00 IDT        Indochina, 1943-45, 1947-55, 1960-75 (some locations)*
  78 #       8:00 JWST       Western Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)*
  79 #       9:00 JCST       Central Standard Time (Japan, 1896/1937)
  80 #       9:00 WIT        east Indonesia (Waktu Indonesia Timur)
  81 #       9:00 JST  JDT   Japan
  82 #       9:00 KST  KDT   Korea
  83 #       9:30 ACST       Australian Central Standard Time
  84 #
  85 # See the 'europe' file for Russia and Turkey in Asia.
  86 
  87 # From Guy Harris:
  88 # Incorporates data for Singapore from Robert Elz' asia 1.1, as well as
  89 # additional information from Tom Yap, Sun Microsystems Intercontinental
  90 # Technical Support (including a page from the Official Airline Guide -
  91 # Worldwide Edition).  The names for time zones are guesses.
  92 
  93 ###############################################################################
  94 
  95 # These rules are stolen from the 'europe' file.
  96 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  97 Rule    EUAsia  1981    max     -       Mar     lastSun  1:00u  1:00    S


 278                         6:00    -       IOT
 279 
 280 # Brunei
 281 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 282 Zone    Asia/Brunei     7:39:40 -       LMT     1926 Mar # Bandar Seri Begawan
 283                         7:30    -       BNT     1933
 284                         8:00    -       BNT
 285 
 286 # Burma / Myanmar
 287 
 288 # Milne says 6:24:40 was the meridian of the time ball observatory at Rangoon.
 289 
 290 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 291 Zone    Asia/Rangoon    6:24:40 -       LMT     1880        # or Yangon
 292                         6:24:40 -       RMT     1920        # Rangoon Mean Time?
 293                         6:30    -       BURT    1942 May    # Burma Time
 294                         9:00    -       JST     1945 May  3
 295                         6:30    -       MMT     # Myanmar Time
 296 
 297 # Cambodia
 298 # See Asia/Bangkok.
 299 




 300 
 301 # China
 302 
 303 # From Guy Harris:
 304 # People's Republic of China.  Yes, they really have only one time zone.
 305 
 306 # From Bob Devine (1988-01-28):
 307 # No they don't.  See TIME mag, 1986-02-17 p.52.  Even though
 308 # China is across 4 physical time zones, before Feb 1, 1986 only the
 309 # Peking (Beijing) time zone was recognized.  Since that date, China
 310 # has two of 'em - Peking's and Ürümqi (named after the capital of
 311 # the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region).  I don't know about DST for it.
 312 #
 313 # . . .I just deleted the DST table and this editor makes it too
 314 # painful to suck in another copy.  So, here is what I have for
 315 # DST start/end dates for Peking's time zone (info from AP):
 316 #
 317 #     1986 May 4 - Sept 14
 318 #     1987 mid-April - ??
 319 


 896                         9:00    -       JST     1945 Sep 23
 897                         9:00    -       TLT     1976 May  3
 898                         8:00    -       WITA    2000 Sep 17  0:00
 899                         9:00    -       TLT
 900 
 901 # India
 902 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 903 Zone    Asia/Kolkata    5:53:28 -       LMT     1880        # Kolkata
 904                         5:53:20 -       HMT     1941 Oct    # Howrah Mean Time?
 905                         6:30    -       BURT    1942 May 15 # Burma Time
 906                         5:30    -       IST     1942 Sep
 907                         5:30    1:00    IST     1945 Oct 15
 908                         5:30    -       IST
 909 # The following are like Asia/Kolkata:
 910 #       Andaman Is
 911 #       Lakshadweep (Laccadive, Minicoy and Amindivi Is)
 912 #       Nicobar Is
 913 
 914 # Indonesia
 915 #
 916 # From Paul Eggert (2014-09-06):
 917 # The 1876 Report of the Secretary of the [US] Navy, p 306 says that Batavia
 918 # civil time was 7:07:12.5; round to even for Jakarta.
 919 #
 920 # From Gwillim Law (2001-05-28), overriding Shanks & Pottenger:
 921 # http://www.sumatera-inc.com/go_to_invest/about_indonesia.asp#standtime
 922 # says that Indonesia's time zones changed on 1988-01-01.  Looking at some
 923 # time zone maps, I think that must refer to Western Borneo (Kalimantan Barat
 924 # and Kalimantan Tengah) switching from UTC+8 to UTC+7.
 925 #
 926 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-10):
 927 # Here is another correction to Shanks & Pottenger.
 928 # JohnTWB writes that Japanese forces did not surrender control in
 929 # Indonesia until 1945-09-01 00:00 at the earliest (in Jakarta) and
 930 # other formal surrender ceremonies were September 9, 11, and 13, plus
 931 # September 12 for the regional surrender to Mountbatten in Singapore.
 932 # These would be the earliest possible times for a change.
 933 # Régimes horaires pour le monde entier, by Henri Le Corre, (Éditions
 934 # Traditionnelles, 1987, Paris) says that Java and Madura switched
 935 # from JST to UTC+07:30 on 1945-09-23, and gives 1944-09-01 for Jayapura
 936 # (Hollandia).  For now, assume all Indonesian locations other than Jayapura
 937 # switched on 1945-09-23.
 938 #
 939 # From Paul Eggert (2013-08-11):


1717                         8:30    -       KST     1968 Oct
1718                         9:00    ROK     K%sT
1719 Zone    Asia/Pyongyang  8:23:00 -       LMT     1890
1720                         8:30    -       KST     1904 Dec
1721                         9:00    -       JCST    1928
1722                         8:30    -       KST     1932
1723                         9:00    -       JCST    1937 Oct  1
1724                         9:00    -       JST     1945 Aug 24
1725                         9:00    -       KST     1954 Mar 21
1726                         8:00    -       KST     1961 Aug 10
1727                         9:00    -       KST
1728 
1729 ###############################################################################
1730 
1731 # Kuwait
1732 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1733 Zone    Asia/Kuwait     3:11:56 -       LMT     1950
1734                         3:00    -       AST
1735 
1736 # Laos
1737 # See Asia/Bangkok.
1738 




1739 
1740 # Lebanon
1741 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1742 Rule    Lebanon 1920    only    -       Mar     28      0:00    1:00    S
1743 Rule    Lebanon 1920    only    -       Oct     25      0:00    0       -
1744 Rule    Lebanon 1921    only    -       Apr     3       0:00    1:00    S
1745 Rule    Lebanon 1921    only    -       Oct     3       0:00    0       -
1746 Rule    Lebanon 1922    only    -       Mar     26      0:00    1:00    S
1747 Rule    Lebanon 1922    only    -       Oct     8       0:00    0       -
1748 Rule    Lebanon 1923    only    -       Apr     22      0:00    1:00    S
1749 Rule    Lebanon 1923    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -
1750 Rule    Lebanon 1957    1961    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    S
1751 Rule    Lebanon 1957    1961    -       Oct     1       0:00    0       -
1752 Rule    Lebanon 1972    only    -       Jun     22      0:00    1:00    S
1753 Rule    Lebanon 1972    1977    -       Oct     1       0:00    0       -
1754 Rule    Lebanon 1973    1977    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    S
1755 Rule    Lebanon 1978    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
1756 Rule    Lebanon 1978    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    0       -
1757 Rule    Lebanon 1984    1987    -       May     1       0:00    1:00    S
1758 Rule    Lebanon 1984    1991    -       Oct     16      0:00    0       -


2731 Rule    Syria   2009    max     -       Oct     lastFri 0:00    0       -
2732 
2733 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2734 Zone    Asia/Damascus   2:25:12 -       LMT     1920 # Dimashq
2735                         2:00    Syria   EE%sT
2736 
2737 # Tajikistan
2738 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2739 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2740 Zone    Asia/Dushanbe   4:35:12 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2741                         5:00    -       DUST    1930 Jun 21 # Dushanbe Time
2742                         6:00 RussiaAsia DUS%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00s
2743                         5:00    1:00    DUSST   1991 Sep  9  2:00s
2744                         5:00    -       TJT     # Tajikistan Time
2745 
2746 # Thailand
2747 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2748 Zone    Asia/Bangkok    6:42:04 -       LMT     1880
2749                         6:42:04 -       BMT     1920 Apr # Bangkok Mean Time
2750                         7:00    -       ICT
2751 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Phnom_Penh       # Cambodia
2752 Link Asia/Bangkok Asia/Vientiane        # Laos
2753 
2754 # Turkmenistan
2755 # From Shanks & Pottenger.
2756 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2757 Zone    Asia/Ashgabat   3:53:32 -       LMT     1924 May  2 # or Ashkhabad
2758                         4:00    -       ASHT    1930 Jun 21 # Ashkhabad Time
2759                         5:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00
2760                         4:00 RussiaAsia ASH%sT  1991 Oct 27 # independence
2761                         4:00 RussiaAsia TM%sT   1992 Jan 19  2:00
2762                         5:00    -       TMT
2763 
2764 # United Arab Emirates
2765 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2766 Zone    Asia/Dubai      3:41:12 -       LMT     1920
2767                         4:00    -       GST
2768 
2769 # Uzbekistan
2770 # Byalokoz 1919 says Uzbekistan was 4:27:53.
2771 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2772 Zone    Asia/Samarkand  4:27:53 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2773                         4:00    -       SAMT    1930 Jun 21 # Samarkand Time
2774                         5:00    -       SAMT    1981 Apr  1
2775                         5:00    1:00    SAMST   1981 Oct  1
2776                         6:00    -       TAST    1982 Apr  1 # Tashkent Time
2777                         5:00 RussiaAsia SAM%sT  1991 Sep  1 # independence
2778                         5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT   1992
2779                         5:00    -       UZT
2780 # Milne says Tashkent was 4:37:10.8; round to nearest.
2781 Zone    Asia/Tashkent   4:37:11 -       LMT     1924 May  2
2782                         5:00    -       TAST    1930 Jun 21 # Tashkent Time
2783                         6:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT  1991 Mar 31  2:00
2784                         5:00 RussiaAsia TAS%sT  1991 Sep  1 # independence
2785                         5:00 RussiaAsia UZ%sT   1992
2786                         5:00    -       UZT
2787 
2788 # Vietnam
2789 
2790 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-04):
2791 # Milne gives 7:16:56 for the meridian of Saigon in 1899, as being
2792 # used in Lower Laos, Cambodia, and Annam.  But this is quite a ways
2793 # from Saigon's location.  For now, ignore this and stick with Shanks
2794 # and Pottenger for LMT before 1906.
2795 
2796 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-03-18):
2797 # The English-language name of Vietnam's most populous city is "Ho Chi Minh
2798 # City"; use Ho_Chi_Minh below to avoid a name of more than 14 characters.
2799 
2800 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-21) after a heads-up from Trần Ngọc Quân:
2801 # Trần Tiến Bình's authoritative book "Lịch Việt Nam: thế kỷ XX-XXI (1901-2100)"
2802 # (Nhà xuất bản Văn Hoá - Thông Tin, Hanoi, 2005), pp 49-50,
2803 # is quoted verbatim in:
2804 # http://www.thoigian.com.vn/?mPage=P80D01
2805 # is translated by Brian Inglis in:
2806 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2014-October/021654.html
2807 # and is the basis for the information below.
2808 #
2809 # The 1906 transition was effective July 1 and standardized Indochina to
2810 # Phù Liễn Observatory, legally 104 deg. 17'17" east of Paris.
2811 # It's unclear whether this meant legal Paris Mean Time (00:09:21) or
2812 # the Paris Meridian (2 deg. 20'14.03" E); the former yields 07:06:30.1333...
2813 # and the latter 07:06:29.333... so either way it rounds to 07:06:30,
2814 # which is used below even though the modern-day Phù Liễn Observatory
2815 # is closer to 07:06:31.  Abbreviate Phù Liễn Mean Time as PLMT.
2816 #
2817 # The following transitions occurred in Indochina in general (before 1954)
2818 # and in South Vietnam in particular (after 1954):
2819 # To 07:00 on 1911-05-01.
2820 # To 08:00 on 1942-12-31 at 23:00.
2821 # To 09:00 in 1945-03-14 at 23:00.
2822 # To 07:00 on 1945-09-02 in Vietnam.
2823 # To 08:00 on 1947-04-01 in French-controlled Indochina.
2824 # To 07:00 on 1955-07-01 in South Vietnam.
2825 # To 08:00 on 1959-12-31 at 23:00 in South Vietnam.
2826 # To 07:00 on 1975-06-13 in South Vietnam.
2827 #
2828 # Trần cites the following sources; it's unclear which supplied the info above.
2829 #
2830 # Hoàng Xuân Hãn: "Lịch và lịch Việt Nam". Tập san Khoa học Xã hội,
2831 # No. 9, Paris, February 1982.
2832 #
2833 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch và niên biểu lịch sử hai mươi thế kỷ (0001-2010)",
2834 # NXB Thống kê, Hanoi, 2000.
2835 #
2836 # Lê Thành Lân: "Lịch hai thế kỷ (1802-2010) và các lịch vĩnh cửu",
2837 # NXB Thuận Hoá, Huế, 1995.
2838 
2839 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2840 Zone Asia/Ho_Chi_Minh   7:06:40 -       LMT     1906 Jul  1
2841                         7:06:30 -       PLMT    1911 May  1
2842                         7:00    -       ICT     1942 Dec 31 23:00
2843                         8:00    -       IDT     1945 Mar 14 23:00
2844                         9:00    -       JST     1945 Sep  2
2845                         7:00    -       ICT     1947 Apr  1
2846                         8:00    -       IDT     1955 Jul  1
2847                         7:00    -       ICT     1959 Dec 31 23:00
2848                         8:00    -       IDT     1975 Jun 13
2849                         7:00    -       ICT
2850 
2851 # Yemen
2852 
2853 # Milne says 2:59:54 was the meridian of the saluting battery at Aden,
2854 # and that Yemen was at 1:55:56, the meridian of the Hagia Sophia.
2855 
2856 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
2857 Zone    Asia/Aden       2:59:54 -       LMT     1950
2858                         3:00    -       AST
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