1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 28 29 # Notes are at the end of this file 30 31 ############################################################################### 32 33 # Australia 34 35 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 36 37 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 38 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S 40 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 D 43 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 44 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 D 45 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 46 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 47 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 48 49 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 50 # Northern Territory 51 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 52 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 53 9:30 Aus AC%sT 54 # Western Australia 55 # 56 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 57 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 58 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 59 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 60 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 61 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 D 62 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 63 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 D 64 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 65 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 66 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 67 8:00 Aus AW%sT 1943 Jul 68 8:00 AW AW%sT 69 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 70 8:45 Aus ACW%sT 1943 Jul 71 8:45 AW ACW%sT 72 73 # Queensland 74 # 75 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 76 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 77 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 78 # Queensland ceased to. 79 # 80 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 81 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 82 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 83 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 84 # so use Lindeman. 85 # 86 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 87 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 88 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 89 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 90 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 91 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 92 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 93 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 94 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 95 10:00 AQ AE%sT 96 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 97 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 98 10:00 AQ AE%sT 1992 Jul 99 10:00 Holiday AE%sT 100 101 # South Australia 102 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 103 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 104 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 105 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 106 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 107 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 108 Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 109 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar 3 2:00s 0 S 110 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar 22 2:00s 0 S 111 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar 7 2:00s 0 S 112 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar 20 2:00s 0 S 113 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 114 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr 2 2:00s 0 S 115 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 116 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 117 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 118 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 119 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 120 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 121 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 122 9:30 AS AC%sT 123 124 # Tasmania 125 # 126 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 127 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 128 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 129 # 130 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 131 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 132 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 133 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 134 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 S 135 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 136 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 137 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 138 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 139 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 140 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 141 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 D 142 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 143 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 144 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 145 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 146 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 147 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 148 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 149 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 150 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 151 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 152 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 153 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 154 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 155 10:00 AT AE%sT 156 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 157 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 158 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 159 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 Jul 160 10:00 AT AE%sT 161 162 # Victoria 163 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 164 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 165 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 166 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 167 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 168 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 D 169 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 170 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 171 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 172 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 173 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 174 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 175 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 176 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 177 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 178 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 179 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 180 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 181 10:00 AV AE%sT 182 183 # New South Wales 184 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 185 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 186 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 S 187 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 188 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 189 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 190 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 191 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 D 192 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 193 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 194 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 195 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 196 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 197 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 198 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 S 199 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 200 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 201 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 202 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 203 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1971 204 10:00 AN AE%sT 205 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 206 10:00 - AEST 1896 Aug 23 207 9:00 - ACST 1899 May 208 9:30 Aus AC%sT 1971 209 9:30 AN AC%sT 2000 210 9:30 AS AC%sT 211 212 # Lord Howe Island 213 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 214 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 215 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 216 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 217 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 S 218 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 D 219 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 220 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 221 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 222 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 223 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 D 224 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 225 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 S 226 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 S 227 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 D 228 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 229 10:00 - AEST 1981 Mar 230 10:30 LH LH%sT 231 232 # Australian miscellany 233 # 234 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 235 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 236 # no times are set 237 # 238 # Coral Sea Is 239 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 240 # no times are set 241 # 242 # Macquarie 243 # Permanent occupation (scientific station) 1911-1915 and since 25 March 1948; 244 # sealing and penguin oil station operated Nov 1899 to Apr 1919. See the 245 # Tasmania Parks & Wildlife Service history of sealing at Macquarie Island 246 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1828 247 # http://www.parks.tas.gov.au/index.aspx?base=1831 248 # Guess that it was like Australia/Hobart while inhabited before 2010. 249 # 250 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-10): 251 # We got these changes from the Australian Antarctic Division: 252 # - Macquarie Island will stay on UTC+11 for winter and therefore not 253 # switch back from daylight savings time when other parts of Australia do 254 # on 4 April. 255 # 256 # From Arthur David Olson (2013-05-23): 257 # The 1919 transition is overspecified below so pre-2013 zics 258 # will produce a binary file with an [A]EST-type as the first 32-bit type; 259 # this is required for correct handling of times before 1916 by 260 # pre-2013 versions of localtime. 261 Zone Antarctica/Macquarie 0 - zzz 1899 Nov 262 10:00 - AEST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 263 10:00 1:00 AEDT 1917 Feb 264 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1919 Apr 1 0:00s 265 0 - zzz 1948 Mar 25 266 10:00 Aus AE%sT 1967 267 10:00 AT AE%sT 2010 Apr 4 3:00 268 11:00 - MIST # Macquarie I Standard Time 269 270 # Christmas 271 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 272 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 273 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 274 275 # Cocos (Keeling) Is 276 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 277 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 278 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 279 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 280 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 281 282 283 # Fiji 284 285 # Milne gives 11:55:44 for Suva. 286 287 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-11-10): 288 # According to Fiji Broadcasting Corporation, Fiji plans to re-introduce DST 289 # from November 29th 2009 to April 25th 2010. 290 # 291 # "Daylight savings to commence this month" 292 # http://www.radiofiji.com.fj/fullstory.php?id=23719 293 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji01.html 294 295 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-11-10): 296 # The Fiji Government has posted some more details about the approved 297 # amendments: 298 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/publish/page_16198.shtml 299 300 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-03-03): 301 # The Cabinet in Fiji has decided to end DST about a month early, on 302 # 2010-03-28 at 03:00. 303 # The plan is to observe DST again, from 2010-10-24 to sometime in March 304 # 2011 (last Sunday a good guess?). 305 # 306 # Official source: 307 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=1096:3310-cabinet-approves-change-in-daylight-savings-dates&catid=49:cabinet-releases&Itemid=166 308 # 309 # A bit more background info here: 310 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/fiji-dst-ends-march-2010.html 311 312 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-10-24): 313 # According to Radio Fiji and Fiji Times online, Fiji will end DST 3 314 # weeks earlier than expected - on March 6, 2011, not March 27, 2011... 315 # Here is confirmation from Government of the Republic of the Fiji Islands, 316 # Ministry of Information (fiji.gov.fj) web site: 317 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=2608:daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 318 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_fiji04.html 319 320 # From Steffen Thorsen (2011-10-03): 321 # Now the dates have been confirmed, and at least our start date 322 # assumption was correct (end date was one week wrong). 323 # 324 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=4966:daylight-saving-starts-in-fiji&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 325 # which says 326 # Members of the public are reminded to change their time to one hour in 327 # advance at 2am to 3am on October 23, 2011 and one hour back at 3am to 328 # 2am on February 26 next year. 329 330 # From Ken Rylander (2011-10-24) 331 # Another change to the Fiji DST end date. In the TZ database the end date for 332 # Fiji DST 2012, is currently Feb 26. This has been changed to Jan 22. 333 # 334 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=5017:amendments-to-daylight-savings&catid=71:press-releases&Itemid=155 335 # states: 336 # 337 # The end of daylight saving scheduled initially for the 26th of February 2012 338 # has been brought forward to the 22nd of January 2012. 339 # The commencement of daylight saving will remain unchanged and start 340 # on the 23rd of October, 2011. 341 342 # From the Fiji Government Online Portal (2012-08-21) via Steffen Thorsen: 343 # The Minister for Labour, Industrial Relations and Employment Mr Jone Usamate 344 # today confirmed that Fiji will start daylight savings at 2 am on Sunday 21st 345 # October 2012 and end at 3 am on Sunday 20th January 2013. 346 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=6702&catid=71&Itemid=155 347 348 # From the Fijian Government Media Center (2013-08-30) via David Wheeler: 349 # Fiji will start daylight savings on Sunday 27th October, 2013 ... 350 # move clocks forward by one hour from 2am 351 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-27th-OCTOBER-201.aspx 352 353 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-01-10): 354 # Fiji will end DST on 2014-01-19 02:00: 355 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVINGS-TO-END-THIS-MONTH-%281%29.aspx 356 357 # From Ken Rylander (2014-10-20): 358 # DST will start Nov. 2 this year. 359 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/Media-Center/Press-Releases/DAYLIGHT-SAVING-STARTS-ON-SUNDAY,-NOVEMBER-2ND.aspx 360 361 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-20): 362 # For now, guess DST from 02:00 the first Sunday in November to 363 # 03:00 the first Sunday on or after January 18. Although ad hoc, it 364 # matches this year's plan and seems more likely to match future 365 # practice than guessing no DST. 366 367 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 368 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 369 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 370 Rule Fiji 2009 only - Nov 29 2:00 1:00 S 371 Rule Fiji 2010 only - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 - 372 Rule Fiji 2010 2013 - Oct Sun>=21 2:00 1:00 S 373 Rule Fiji 2011 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 - 374 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 375 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 - 376 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 377 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 - 378 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 380 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 381 382 # French Polynesia 383 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 384 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 385 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 386 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 387 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 388 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 389 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 390 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 391 # it is uninhabited. 392 393 # Guam 394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 395 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 396 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 397 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 398 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 399 400 # Kiribati 401 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 402 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 403 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 404 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 405 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 406 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 407 13:00 - PHOT 408 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 409 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 410 -10:00 - LINT 1995 411 14:00 - LINT 412 413 # N Mariana Is 414 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 415 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 416 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 417 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 418 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 419 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 420 421 # Marshall Is 422 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 423 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 424 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 425 12:00 - MHT 426 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 427 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 428 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 429 12:00 - MHT 430 431 # Micronesia 432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 434 10:00 - CHUT # Chuuk Time 435 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 436 11:00 - PONT # Pohnpei Time 437 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 438 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 439 12:00 - KOST 1999 440 11:00 - KOST 441 442 # Nauru 443 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 444 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 445 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 446 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 447 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 448 12:00 - NRT 449 450 # New Caledonia 451 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 452 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 453 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 454 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 455 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 456 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 457 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 458 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa 459 11:00 NC NC%sT 460 461 462 ############################################################################### 463 464 # New Zealand 465 466 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 467 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 468 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 469 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 470 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 471 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 472 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 473 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 474 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 475 # convenient single notation for the date and time of this transition 476 # so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 477 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 478 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 479 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 480 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 481 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 482 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 483 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 484 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 485 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 486 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 487 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 488 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 489 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 490 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 491 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 492 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 493 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 494 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 495 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 496 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 497 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 498 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 499 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 500 12:15 - CHAST 1946 Jan 1 501 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 502 503 Link Pacific/Auckland Antarctica/McMurdo 504 505 # Auckland Is 506 # uninhabited; Māori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 507 # and scientific personnel have wintered 508 509 # Campbell I 510 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 511 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 512 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 513 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 514 515 # Cook Is 516 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 517 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 518 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 519 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 520 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 521 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 522 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 523 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 524 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 525 526 ############################################################################### 527 528 529 # Niue 530 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 531 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 532 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 533 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 534 -11:00 - NUT 535 536 # Norfolk 537 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 538 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 539 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 540 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 541 542 # Palau (Belau) 543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 544 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 545 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 546 547 # Papua New Guinea 548 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 549 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 550 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 551 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 552 # 553 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13): 554 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have 555 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War. 556 # 557 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for JST, these dates 558 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns. 559 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta. 560 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942, 561 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia 562 # http://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm 563 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender. 564 # 565 # The Autonomous Region of Bougainville plans to switch from UTC+10 to UTC+11 566 # on 2014-12-28 at 02:00. They call UTC+11 "Bougainville Standard Time"; 567 # abbreviate this as BST. See: 568 # http://www.bougainville24.com/bougainville-issues/bougainville-gets-own-timezone/ 569 # 570 Zone Pacific/Bougainville 10:22:16 - LMT 1880 571 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 572 10:00 - PGT 1942 Jul 573 9:00 - JST 1945 Aug 21 574 10:00 - PGT 2014 Dec 28 2:00 575 11:00 - BST 576 577 # Pitcairn 578 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 579 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 580 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 0:00 581 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 582 583 # American Samoa 584 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 585 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 586 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 587 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 588 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 589 590 # Samoa (formerly and also known as Western Samoa) 591 592 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-16): 593 # We have been in contact with the government of Samoa again, and received 594 # the following info: 595 # 596 # "Cabinet has now approved Daylight Saving to be effected next year 597 # commencing from the last Sunday of September 2010 and conclude first 598 # Sunday of April 2011." 599 # 600 # Background info: 601 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 602 # 603 # Samoa's Daylight Saving Time Act 2009 is available here, but does not 604 # contain any dates: 605 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/documents/acts/Daylight%20Saving%20Act%20%202009%20%28English%29%20-%20Final%207-7-091.pdf 606 607 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2010-10-07): 608 # Please see 609 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws 610 # the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Labour (sideframe) "Last Sunday 611 # September 2010 (26/09/10) - adjust clocks forward from 12:00 midnight 612 # to 01:00am and First Sunday April 2011 (03/04/11) - adjust clocks 613 # backwards from 1:00am to 12:00am" 614 615 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-03-07): 616 # [http://www.mcil.gov.ws/ftcd/daylight_saving_2011.pdf] 617 # 618 # ... when the standard time strikes the hour of four o'clock (4.00am 619 # or 0400 Hours) on the 2nd April 2011, then all instruments used to 620 # measure standard time are to be adjusted/changed to three o'clock 621 # (3:00am or 0300Hrs). 622 623 # From David Zülke (2011-05-09): 624 # Subject: Samoa to move timezone from east to west of international date line 625 # 626 # http://www.morningstar.co.uk/uk/markets/newsfeeditem.aspx?id=138501958347963 627 628 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-27): 629 # The International Date Line Act 2011 630 # http://www.parliament.gov.ws/images/ACTS/International_Date_Line_Act__2011_-_Eng.pdf 631 # changed Samoa from UTC-11 to UTC+13, effective "12 o'clock midnight, on 632 # Thursday 29th December 2011". The International Date Line was adjusted 633 # accordingly. 634 635 # From Laupue Raymond Hughes (2011-09-02): 636 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 637 # 638 # here is the official website publication for Samoa DST and dateline change 639 # 640 # DST 641 # Year End Time Start Time 642 # 2011 - - - - - - 24 September 3:00am to 4:00am 643 # 2012 01 April 4:00am to 3:00am - - - - - - 644 # 645 # Dateline Change skip Friday 30th Dec 2011 646 # Thursday 29th December 2011 23:59:59 Hours 647 # Saturday 31st December 2011 00:00:00 Hours 648 # 649 # From Nicholas Pereira (2012-09-10): 650 # Daylight Saving Time commences on Sunday 30th September 2012 and 651 # ends on Sunday 7th of April 2013.... 652 # http://www.mcil.gov.ws/mcil_publications.html 653 # 654 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-08): 655 # That web page currently lists transitions for 2012/3 and 2013/4. 656 # Assume the pattern instituted in 2012 will continue indefinitely. 657 658 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 659 Rule WS 2010 only - Sep lastSun 0:00 1 D 660 Rule WS 2011 only - Apr Sat>=1 4:00 0 S 661 Rule WS 2011 only - Sep lastSat 3:00 1 D 662 Rule WS 2012 max - Apr Sun>=1 4:00 0 S 663 Rule WS 2012 max - Sep lastSun 3:00 1 D 664 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 665 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 666 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 667 -11:30 - WSST 1950 668 -11:00 WS S%sT 2011 Dec 29 24:00 # S=Samoa 669 13:00 WS WS%sT 670 671 # Solomon Is 672 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 673 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 674 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 675 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 676 677 # Tokelau Is 678 # 679 # From Gwillim Law (2011-12-29) 680 # A correspondent informed me that Tokelau, like Samoa, will be skipping 681 # December 31 this year ... 682 # 683 # From Steffen Thorsen (2012-07-25) 684 # ... we double checked by calling hotels and offices based in Tokelau asking 685 # about the time there, and they all told a time that agrees with UTC+13.... 686 # Shanks says UTC-10 from 1901 [but] ... there is a good chance the change 687 # actually was to UTC-11 back then. 688 # 689 # From Paul Eggert (2012-07-25) 690 # A Google Books snippet of Appendix to the Journals of the House of 691 # Representatives of New Zealand, Session 1948, 692 # <http://books.google.com/books?id=ZaVCAQAAIAAJ>, page 65, says Tokelau 693 # was "11 hours slow on G.M.T." Go with Thorsen and assume Shanks & Pottenger 694 # are off by an hour starting in 1901. 695 696 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 697 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 698 -11:00 - TKT 2011 Dec 30 # Tokelau Time 699 13:00 - TKT 700 701 # Tonga 702 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 703 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 704 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 705 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 706 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 707 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 708 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 709 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 710 13:00 - TOT 1999 711 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 712 713 # Tuvalu 714 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 715 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 716 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 717 718 719 # US minor outlying islands 720 721 # Howland, Baker 722 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 723 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 724 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 725 # uninhabited thereafter. 726 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UT-10:30) in 1937; 727 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 728 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 729 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 730 # until they were abandoned after the war. 731 732 # Jarvis 733 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 734 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 735 # uninhabited thereafter. 736 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 737 738 # Johnston 739 # 740 # From Paul Eggert (2014-03-11): 741 # Sometimes Johnston kept Hawaii time, and sometimes it was an hour behind. 742 # Details are uncertain. We have no data for Johnston after 1970, so 743 # treat it like Hawaii for now. 744 # 745 # In his memoirs of June 6th to October 4, 1945 746 # <http://www.315bw.org/Herb_Bach.htm> (2005), Herbert C. Bach writes, 747 # "We started our letdown to Kwajalein Atoll and landed there at 5:00 AM 748 # Johnston time, 1:30 AM Kwajalein time." This was in June 1945, and 749 # confirms that Johnston kept the same time as Honolulu in summer 1945. 750 # 751 # From Lyle McElhaney (2014-03-11): 752 # [W]hen JI was being used for that [atomic bomb] testing, the time being used 753 # was not Hawaiian time but rather the same time being used on the ships, 754 # which had a GMT offset of -11 hours. This apparently applied to at least the 755 # time from Operation Newsreel (Hardtack I/Teak shot, 1958-08-01) to the last 756 # Operation Fishbowl shot (Tightrope, 1962-11-04).... [See] Herman Hoerlin, 757 # "The United States High-Altitude Test Experience: A Review Emphasizing the 758 # Impact on the Environment", Los Alamos LA-6405, Oct 1976. 759 # http://www.fas.org/sgp/othergov/doe/lanl/docs1/00322994.pdf 760 # See the table on page 4 where he lists GMT and local times for the tests; a 761 # footnote for the JI tests reads that local time is "JI time = Hawaii Time 762 # Minus One Hour". 763 # 764 # See 'northamerica' for Pacific/Johnston. 765 766 # Kingman 767 # uninhabited 768 769 # Midway 770 # 771 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 772 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 773 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 774 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timetable from 1936, for their weekly 775 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 776 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 777 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 778 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 779 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 780 # 781 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 782 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 783 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 784 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 785 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 786 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 787 788 # Palmyra 789 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 790 791 # Wake 792 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 793 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 794 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 795 796 797 # Vanuatu 798 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 799 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 800 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 801 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 802 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 803 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 804 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 805 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 806 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 807 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 808 809 # Wallis and Futuna 810 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 811 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 812 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 813 814 ############################################################################### 815 816 # NOTES 817 818 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 819 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 820 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 821 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 822 823 # From Paul Eggert (2013-02-21): 824 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 825 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 826 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 827 # 828 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 829 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 830 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 831 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 832 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 833 # 834 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 835 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 836 # 837 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 838 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 839 # I found in the UCLA library. 840 # 841 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 842 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 843 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 844 # 845 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 846 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 847 # 848 # I invented the abbreviations marked '*' in the following table; 849 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 850 # Corrections are welcome! 851 # std dst 852 # LMT Local Mean Time 853 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia 854 # 8:45 ACWST ACWDT Central Western Australia* 855 # 9:00 JST Japan 856 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia 857 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia 858 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 859 # 10:30 LHST LHDT Lord Howe* 860 # 11:00 BST Bougainville* 861 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 862 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 863 # 12:15 CHAST Chatham through 1945* 864 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham 1946-present* 865 # 13:00 WSST WSDT (western) Samoa 2011-present* 866 # -11:30 WSST Western Samoa through 1950* 867 # -11:00 SST Samoa 868 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 869 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 870 # 871 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii. 872 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is. 873 874 ############################################################################### 875 876 # Australia 877 878 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 879 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting 880 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global. 881 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving 882 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native 883 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was 884 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a 885 # Melbourne-based study) replete with the usual chuckleheaded 886 # Queenslanders and straw-chewing yokels from the West prattling fables 887 # about fading curtains and crazed farm animals." 888 # Electronic Journal of Australian and New Zealand History (1997-03-03) 889 # http://www.jcu.edu.au/aff/history/reviews/davison.htm 890 891 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 892 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 893 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml 894 # summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 895 896 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 897 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 898 # http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving 899 # covers New South Wales in particular. 900 901 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 902 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as 'daylight' time. 903 # It is called 'summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, 'summer' 904 # and 'standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 905 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 906 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 907 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 908 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 909 # the phrase 'summer time' and does not use the phrase 'daylight 910 # time'. 911 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 912 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases 'Eastern Standard Time' 913 # or 'Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 914 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 915 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 916 # prefixed by the word 'Australian' when referring to local times; 917 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 918 919 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30): 920 # 921 # Inspired by Mackin's remarks quoted above, earlier versions of this 922 # file used "EST" for both Eastern Standard Time and Eastern Summer 923 # Time in Australia, and similarly for "CST", "CWST", and "WST". 924 # However, these abbreviations were confusing and were not common 925 # practice among Australians, and there were justifiable complaints 926 # about them, so I attempted to survey current Australian usage. 927 # For the tz database, the full English phrase is not that important; 928 # what matters is the abbreviation. It's difficult to survey the web 929 # directly for abbreviation usage, as there are so many false hits for 930 # strings like "EST" and "EDT", so I looked for pages that defined an 931 # abbreviation for eastern or central DST in Australia, and got the 932 # following numbers of unique hits for the listed Google queries: 933 # 934 # 10 "Eastern Daylight Time AEST" site:au [some are false hits] 935 # 10 "Eastern Summer Time AEST" site:au 936 # 10 "Summer Time AEDT" site:au 937 # 13 "EDST Eastern Daylight Saving Time" site:au 938 # 18 "Summer Time ESST" site:au 939 # 28 "Eastern Daylight Saving Time EDST" site:au 940 # 39 "EDT Eastern Daylight Time" site:au [some are false hits] 941 # 53 "Eastern Daylight Time EDT" site:au [some are false hits] 942 # 54 "AEDT Australian Eastern Daylight Time" site:au 943 # 182 "Eastern Daylight Time AEDT" site:au 944 # 945 # 17 "Central Daylight Time CDT" site:au [some are false hits] 946 # 46 "Central Daylight Time ACDT" site:au 947 # 948 # I tried several other variants (e.g., "Eastern Summer Time EST") but 949 # they all returned fewer than 10 unique hits. I also looked for pages 950 # mentioning both "western standard time" and an abbreviation, since 951 # there is no WST in the US to generate false hits, and found: 952 # 953 # 156 "western standard time" AWST site:au 954 # 226 "western standard time" WST site:au 955 # 956 # I then surveyed the top ten newspapers in Australia by circulation as 957 # listed in Wikipedia, using Google queries like "AEDT site:heraldsun.com.au" 958 # and obtaining estimated counts from the initial page of search results. 959 # All ten papers greatly preferred "AEDT" to "EDT". The papers 960 # surveyed were the Herald Sun, The Daily Telegraph, The Courier-Mail, 961 # The Sydney Morning Herald, The West Australian, The Age, The Advertiser, 962 # The Australian, The Financial Review, and The Herald (Newcastle). 963 # 964 # I also searched for historical usage, to see whether abbreviations 965 # like "AEDT" are new. A Trove search <http://trove.nla.gov.au/> 966 # found only one newspaper (The Canberra Times) with a house style 967 # dating back to the 1970s, I expect because other newspapers weren't 968 # fully indexed. The Canberra Times strongly preferred abbreviations 969 # like "AEDT". The first occurrence of "AEDT" was a World Weather 970 # column (1971-11-17, page 24), and of "ACDT" was a Scoreboard column 971 # (1993-01-24, p 16). The style was the typical usage but was not 972 # strictly enforced; for example, "Welcome to the twilight zones ..." 973 # (1994-10-29, p 1) uses the abbreviations AEST/AEDT, CST/CDT, and 974 # WST, and goes on to say, "The confusion and frustration some feel 975 # about the lack of uniformity among Australia's six states and two 976 # territories has prompted one group to form its very own political 977 # party -- the Sydney-based Daylight Saving Extension Party." 978 # 979 # I also surveyed federal government sources. They did not agree: 980 # 981 # The Australian Government (2014-03-26) 982 # http://australia.gov.au/about-australia/our-country/time 983 # (This document was produced by the Department of Finance.) 984 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 985 # 986 # Bureau of Meteorology (2012-11-08) 987 # http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml 988 # EST CST WST EDT CDT 989 # 990 # Civil Aviation Safety Authority (undated) 991 # http://services.casa.gov.au/outnback/inc/pages/episode3/episode-3_time_zones.shtml 992 # EST CST WST (no abbreviations given for DST) 993 # 994 # Geoscience Australia (2011-11-24) 995 # http://www.ga.gov.au/geodesy/astro/sunrise.jsp 996 # AEST ACST AWST AEDT ACDT 997 # 998 # Parliamentary Library (2008-11-10) 999 # http://www.aph.gov.au/binaries/library/pubs/rp/2008-09/09rp14.pdf 1000 # EST CST WST preferred for standard time; AEST AEDT ACST ACDT also used 1001 # 1002 # The Transport Safety Bureau has an extensive series of accident reports, 1003 # and investigators seem to use whatever abbreviation they like. 1004 # Googling site:atsb.gov.au found the following number of unique hits: 1005 # 311 "ESuT", 195 "EDT", 26 "AEDT", 83 "CSuT", 46 "CDT". 1006 # "_SuT" tended to appear in older reports, and "A_DT" tended to 1007 # appear in reports of events with international implications. 1008 # 1009 # From the above it appears that there is a working consensus in 1010 # Australia to use trailing "DT" for daylight saving time; although 1011 # some sources use trailing "SST" or "ST" or "SuT" they are by far in 1012 # the minority. The case for leading "A" is weaker, but since it 1013 # seems to be preferred in the overall web and is preferred in all 1014 # the leading newspaper websites and in many government departments, 1015 # it has a stronger case than omitting the leading "A". The current 1016 # version of the database therefore uses abbreviations like "AEST" and 1017 # "AEDT" for Australian time zones. 1018 1019 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 1020 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1021 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 1022 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 1023 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 1024 # and perhaps the newspaper's '2:00' is referring to standard time. 1025 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 1026 1027 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 1028 # 1029 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 1030 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 1031 # relevant entries in this database. 1032 # 1033 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 1034 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 1035 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html 1036 # ACT 1037 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 1038 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html 1039 # SA 1040 # Standard Time Act, 1898 1041 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html 1042 1043 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 1044 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 1045 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 1046 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 1047 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 1048 # 1049 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 1050 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 1051 # to extend DST together in 2006. 1052 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 1053 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 1054 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 1055 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 1056 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 1057 # allude to it. 1058 # But not Queensland 1059 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html 1060 1061 # Northern Territory 1062 1063 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1064 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 1065 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1066 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 1067 # ... 1068 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 1069 1070 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1071 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1072 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 1073 1074 # Western Australia 1075 1076 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1077 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 1078 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1079 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 1080 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 1081 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 1082 # # before reaching parliament. 1083 # ... 1084 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 1085 # ... 1086 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1087 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1088 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1089 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 1090 1091 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1092 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1093 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 1094 1095 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 1096 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 1097 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 1098 # work at 9.00am.) 1099 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 1100 # everybody again. 1101 1102 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1103 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 1104 # it matches what was used in the past. 1105 1106 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 1107 # http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm 1108 # (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 1109 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 1110 1111 # Queensland 1112 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1113 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 1114 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1115 # ... 1116 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 1117 # ... 1118 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1119 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 1120 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1121 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 1122 1123 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 1124 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 1125 # October 1989). 1126 1127 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1128 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1129 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1130 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1131 1132 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 1133 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 1134 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 1135 # me.) 1136 1137 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 1138 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 1139 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 1140 # ... 1141 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1142 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1143 # ... 1144 1145 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1146 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 1147 1148 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 1149 # from Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 1150 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 1151 # http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf 1152 1153 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 1154 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 1155 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 1156 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 1157 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 1158 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 1159 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 1160 # Australia and Western Australia.... 1161 # 1162 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 1163 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 1164 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 1165 # http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html 1166 # 1167 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 1168 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 1169 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 1170 # coast of the continent. 1171 # 1172 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 1173 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 1174 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 1175 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 1176 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 1177 # 1178 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 1179 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 1180 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 1181 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 1182 # 1183 # (2006-12-09): 1184 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 1185 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 1186 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 1187 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 1188 1189 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 1190 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 1191 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 1192 1193 1194 # southeast Australia 1195 # 1196 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1197 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 1198 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 1199 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 1200 1201 1202 # South Australia 1203 1204 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 1205 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 1206 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 1207 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 1208 1209 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1210 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 1211 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1212 # ... 1213 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 1214 # ... 1215 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1216 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1217 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 1218 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 1219 1220 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1221 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1222 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1223 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1224 1225 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1226 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1227 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1228 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1229 # is on... 1230 1231 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1232 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1233 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1234 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1235 1236 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1237 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1238 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1239 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1240 1241 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1242 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1243 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1244 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1245 1246 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1247 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1248 1249 # Tasmania 1250 1251 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1252 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1253 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1254 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1255 1256 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1257 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1258 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1259 # (but nothing new about that). 1260 1261 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1262 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1263 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1264 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1265 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1266 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1267 1268 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1269 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1270 1271 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1272 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1273 1274 # Victoria 1275 1276 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1277 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1278 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1279 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1280 1281 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1282 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1283 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1284 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1285 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1286 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1287 # 1288 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1289 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1290 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1291 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1292 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1293 # expected time. 1294 # 1295 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1296 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1297 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1298 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1299 # 1300 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1301 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1302 1303 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1304 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1305 1306 # New South Wales 1307 1308 # From Arthur David Olson: 1309 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1310 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1311 # who notes: 1312 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1313 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as "Eastern Standard Time" 1314 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1315 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1316 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1317 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1318 1319 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1320 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1321 # October in 2000. See: Matthew Moore, 1322 # Two months more daylight saving, Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26). 1323 # http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html 1324 1325 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1326 # See the following official NSW source: 1327 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1328 # http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ 1329 # 1330 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1331 # daylight saving next year. See: 1332 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1333 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm 1334 # (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1335 # 1336 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1337 # Vic to extend daylight saving (1999-07-28) 1338 # http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm 1339 # 1340 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1341 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request (1999-07-19) 1342 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm 1343 # 1344 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1345 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1346 # http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm 1347 # (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1348 # "Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1349 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1350 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1351 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1352 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules." 1353 # 1354 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1355 # Broken Hill to be behind the times (1999-07-21) 1356 # http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm 1357 1358 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1359 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1360 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1361 1362 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1363 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1364 # towns to use Queensland time. 1365 1366 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1367 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1368 1369 # Yancowinna 1370 1371 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1372 # 'Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1373 1374 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1375 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1376 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1377 # ... 1378 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1379 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1380 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1381 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1382 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1383 # # presently available. 1384 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1385 # ... 1386 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1387 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1388 # [followed by other Rules] 1389 1390 # Lord Howe Island 1391 1392 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1393 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1394 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1395 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1396 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1397 1398 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1399 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1400 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1401 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1402 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1403 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1404 # instead of only 30 minutes. [Dependent] on the wishes of residents 1405 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1406 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1407 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1408 1409 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1410 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1411 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1412 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1413 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1414 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1415 1416 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1417 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1418 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1419 1420 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1421 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1422 1423 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1424 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1425 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1426 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1427 # 1428 # From 1429 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1430 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1431 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1432 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1433 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1434 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1435 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1436 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1437 # 1438 # We have a wrap-up here: 1439 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1440 ############################################################################### 1441 1442 # New Zealand 1443 1444 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1445 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1446 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1447 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1448 # source - phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1449 1450 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1451 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1452 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1453 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1454 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1455 # ... 1456 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1457 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1458 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1459 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1460 # ... 1461 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1462 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1463 1464 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1465 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1466 # rather than the October 1 value. 1467 1468 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1469 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1470 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1471 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1472 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1473 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1474 # 1475 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1476 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1477 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1478 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1479 # 1480 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1481 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1482 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1483 1484 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1485 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1486 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1487 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1488 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1489 1490 # From Paul Eggert (2014-07-14): 1491 # Chatham Island time was formally standardized on 1957-01-01 by 1492 # New Zealand's Standard Time Amendment Act 1956 (1956-10-26). 1493 # http://www.austlii.edu.au/nz/legis/hist_act/staa19561956n100244.pdf 1494 # According to Google Books snippet view, a speaker in the New Zealand 1495 # parliamentary debates in 1956 said "Clause 78 makes provision for standard 1496 # time in the Chatham Islands. The time there is 45 minutes in advance of New 1497 # Zealand time. I understand that is the time they keep locally, anyhow." 1498 # For now, assume this practice goes back to the introduction of standard time 1499 # in New Zealand, as this would make Chatham Islands time almost exactly match 1500 # LMT back when New Zealand was at UTC+11:30; also, assume Chatham Islands did 1501 # not observe New Zealand's prewar DST. 1502 1503 ############################################################################### 1504 1505 1506 # Fiji 1507 1508 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1509 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1510 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1511 1512 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1513 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1514 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1515 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1516 1517 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1518 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1519 1520 # From the BBC World Service in 1521 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/205226.stm (1998-10-31 16:03 UTC): 1522 # The Fijian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1523 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents.... [T]he move is also 1524 # intended to boost Fiji's ability to attract tourists to witness the dawning 1525 # of the new millennium. 1526 1527 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1528 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1529 1530 1531 # Kiribati 1532 1533 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1534 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1535 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995" 1536 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1537 1538 1539 # Kwajalein 1540 1541 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1542 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1543 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1544 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1545 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1546 1547 1548 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1549 1550 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1551 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones 1552 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1553 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1554 # see Asia/Manila. 1555 1556 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1557 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1558 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1559 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1560 1561 1562 # Micronesia 1563 1564 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1565 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk' 1566 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10." 1567 # 1568 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1569 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1570 1571 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1572 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1573 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26) 1574 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html 1575 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1576 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1577 1578 1579 # Midway 1580 1581 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1582 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1583 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1584 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1585 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1586 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1587 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1588 # air at 6am your time. 1589 # 1590 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1591 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1592 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1593 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1594 1595 1596 # Pitcairn 1597 1598 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1599 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1600 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1601 # 1602 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1603 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1604 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1605 # 1606 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1607 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1608 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1609 1610 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1611 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1612 # ... at midnight. 1613 1614 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1615 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1616 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1617 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1618 1619 1620 # (Western) Samoa and American Samoa 1621 1622 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1623 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1624 # "the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1625 # ordaining - by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery - that 1626 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year." 1627 1628 # Although Shanks & Pottenger says they both switched to UTC-11:30 1629 # in 1911, and to UTC-11 in 1950. many earlier sources give UTC-11 1630 # for American Samoa, e.g., the US National Bureau of Standards 1631 # circular "Standard Time Throughout the World", 1932. 1632 # Assume American Samoa switched to UTC-11 in 1911, not 1950, 1633 # and that after 1950 they agreed until (western) Samoa skipped a 1634 # day in 2011. Assume also that the Samoas follow the US and New 1635 # Zealand's "ST"/"DT" style of daylight-saving abbreviations. 1636 1637 # Tonga 1638 1639 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1640 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that "Tonga has been plotting 1641 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time." 1642 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1643 1644 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1645 # How Tonga became 'The Land where Time Begins': 1646 # http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm 1647 # 1648 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1649 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1650 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1651 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1652 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1653 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1654 # 1655 # Because His Majesty King Tāufaʻāhau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1656 # Tungī, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1657 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1658 # 1659 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1660 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1661 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1662 # minutes we have lost?" 1663 # 1664 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1665 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1666 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1667 1668 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1669 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1670 1671 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1672 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millennium 1673 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1674 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1675 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1676 # Government. 1677 1678 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1679 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1680 # 1681 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1682 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1683 # 1684 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1685 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1686 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1687 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1688 1689 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1690 # According to <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html>: 1691 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1692 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1693 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1694 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1695 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1696 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1697 1698 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1699 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1700 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1701 1702 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1703 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1704 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1705 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1706 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1707 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1708 # (Original URL was <http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm>) 1709 1710 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1711 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1712 1713 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1714 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1715 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1716 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1717 # hour to 1:00am. 1718 1719 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1720 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1721 1722 1723 # Wake 1724 1725 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1726 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1727 # 1728 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the 1729 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1730 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1731 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1732 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1733 # impossible. 1734 # 1735 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1736 1737 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1738 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1739 1740 ############################################################################### 1741 1742 # The International Date Line 1743 1744 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1745 # 1746 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1747 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1748 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1749 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1750 # 1751 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1752 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1753 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1754 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1755 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1756 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1757 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1758 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1759 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1760 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1761 # correct date is ambiguous. 1762 1763 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1764 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1765 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1766 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1767 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1768 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1769 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1770 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1771 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1772 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1773 # entry into another zone time - he often chose midnight. These zones were 1774 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1775 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1776 1777 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1778 # (2005-03-20): 1779 # 1780 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1781 # http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187 1782 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1783 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.