1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 22 # questions. 23 # 24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 26 27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see 30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution. 31 32 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31): 33 # 34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is: 35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources. 38 # 39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 42 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 43 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted, 44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990. 45 # 46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 48 # I found in the UCLA library. 49 # 50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is: 51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94. 52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359 53 # 54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 56 # 57 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT 58 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively, 59 # but Mark R V Murray reports that 60 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa, 61 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and 62 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for 63 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa". 64 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference. 65 # 66 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago; 67 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00, 68 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00. 69 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African 70 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara. 71 # 72 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency: 73 # -1:00 WAT West Africa Time (no longer used) 74 # 0:00 GMT Greenwich Mean Time 75 # 2:00 CAT Central Africa Time 76 # 2:00 SAST South Africa Standard Time 77 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation: 78 # 1:00 WAT West Africa Time 79 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00 80 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of 81 # until we get more information. 82 # 83 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome! 84 # 2:00 WAST West Africa Summer Time 85 # 2:30 BEAT British East Africa Time (no longer used) 86 # 2:45 BEAUT British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used) 87 # 3:00 CAST Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 88 # 3:00 SAST South Africa Summer Time (no longer used) 89 # 3:00 EAT East Africa Time 90 91 # Algeria 92 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 93 Rule Algeria 1916 only - Jun 14 23:00s 1:00 S 94 Rule Algeria 1916 1919 - Oct Sun>=1 23:00s 0 - 95 Rule Algeria 1917 only - Mar 24 23:00s 1:00 S 96 Rule Algeria 1918 only - Mar 9 23:00s 1:00 S 97 Rule Algeria 1919 only - Mar 1 23:00s 1:00 S 98 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Feb 14 23:00s 1:00 S 99 Rule Algeria 1920 only - Oct 23 23:00s 0 - 100 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Mar 14 23:00s 1:00 S 101 Rule Algeria 1921 only - Jun 21 23:00s 0 - 102 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Sep 11 23:00s 1:00 S 103 Rule Algeria 1939 only - Nov 19 1:00 0 - 104 Rule Algeria 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 105 Rule Algeria 1944 only - Oct 8 2:00 0 - 106 Rule Algeria 1945 only - Sep 16 1:00 0 - 107 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Apr 25 23:00s 1:00 S 108 Rule Algeria 1971 only - Sep 26 23:00s 0 - 109 Rule Algeria 1977 only - May 6 0:00 1:00 S 110 Rule Algeria 1977 only - Oct 21 0:00 0 - 111 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Mar 24 1:00 1:00 S 112 Rule Algeria 1978 only - Sep 22 3:00 0 - 113 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Apr 25 0:00 1:00 S 114 Rule Algeria 1980 only - Oct 31 2:00 0 - 115 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 116 # more precise 0:09:21. 117 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 118 Zone Africa/Algiers 0:12:12 - LMT 1891 Mar 15 0:01 119 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 120 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1940 Feb 25 2:00 121 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1946 Oct 7 122 0:00 - WET 1956 Jan 29 123 1:00 - CET 1963 Apr 14 124 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1977 Oct 21 125 1:00 Algeria CE%sT 1979 Oct 26 126 0:00 Algeria WE%sT 1981 May 127 1:00 - CET 128 129 # Angola 130 # Benin 131 # See Africa/Lagos. 132 133 # Botswana 134 # See Africa/Maputo. 135 136 # Burkina Faso 137 # See Africa/Abidjan. 138 139 # Burundi 140 # See Africa/Maputo. 141 142 # Cameroon 143 # See Africa/Lagos. 144 145 # Cape Verde 146 # 147 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT. 148 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 149 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 150 # merely made it official? 151 # 152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 153 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 - LMT 1907 # Praia 154 -2:00 - CVT 1942 Sep 155 -2:00 1:00 CVST 1945 Oct 15 156 -2:00 - CVT 1975 Nov 25 2:00 157 -1:00 - CVT 158 159 # Central African Republic 160 # See Africa/Lagos. 161 162 # Chad 163 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 164 Zone Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 - LMT 1912 # N'Djamena 165 1:00 - WAT 1979 Oct 14 166 1:00 1:00 WAST 1980 Mar 8 167 1:00 - WAT 168 169 # Comoros 170 # See Africa/Nairobi. 171 172 # Democratic Republic of the Congo 173 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern. 174 175 # Republic of the Congo 176 # See Africa/Lagos. 177 178 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast 179 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 180 Zone Africa/Abidjan -0:16:08 - LMT 1912 181 0:00 - GMT 182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako # Mali 183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul # Gambia 184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry # Guinea 185 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar # Senegal 186 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown # Sierra Leone 187 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome # Togo 188 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott # Mauritania 189 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou # Burkina Faso 190 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome # São Tomé and Príncipe 191 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena # St Helena 192 193 # Djibouti 194 # See Africa/Nairobi. 195 196 ############################################################################### 197 198 # Egypt 199 200 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh 201 # observatory; round to nearest. Milne also says that the official time for 202 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this 203 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said. 204 205 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 206 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Jul 15 0:00 1:00 S 207 Rule Egypt 1940 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 208 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Apr 15 0:00 1:00 S 209 Rule Egypt 1941 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 210 Rule Egypt 1942 1944 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 211 Rule Egypt 1942 only - Oct 27 0:00 0 - 212 Rule Egypt 1943 1945 - Nov 1 0:00 0 - 213 Rule Egypt 1945 only - Apr 16 0:00 1:00 S 214 Rule Egypt 1957 only - May 10 0:00 1:00 S 215 Rule Egypt 1957 1958 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 216 Rule Egypt 1958 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 217 Rule Egypt 1959 1981 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 218 Rule Egypt 1959 1965 - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 219 Rule Egypt 1966 1994 - Oct 1 3:00 0 - 220 Rule Egypt 1982 only - Jul 25 1:00 1:00 S 221 Rule Egypt 1983 only - Jul 12 1:00 1:00 S 222 Rule Egypt 1984 1988 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 223 Rule Egypt 1989 only - May 6 1:00 1:00 S 224 Rule Egypt 1990 1994 - May 1 1:00 1:00 S 225 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00. 226 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29. 227 228 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20): 229 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight 230 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of 231 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation." 232 # 233 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time 234 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168 235 # or 236 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html 237 Rule Egypt 1995 2010 - Apr lastFri 0:00s 1:00 S 238 Rule Egypt 1995 2005 - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 239 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19): 240 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports: 241 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday 242 # after observing the daylight saving time since May. 243 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf 244 Rule Egypt 2006 only - Sep 21 24:00 0 - 245 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14): 246 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight 247 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07. 248 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:] 249 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm 250 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53 251 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...: 252 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm 253 Rule Egypt 2007 only - Sep Thu>=1 24:00 0 - 254 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06): 255 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter 256 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each 257 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite 258 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by 259 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently, 260 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008. 261 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17): 262 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August. 263 264 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06): 265 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited): 266 # 267 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009 268 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 269 # Apr 23 270 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 271 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri = 272 # Apr 24 273 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 274 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu = 275 # Aug 27 276 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800 277 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu = 278 # Aug 27 279 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200 280 # 281 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59= 282 # :59) 283 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/ 284 # 285 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that. 286 # 287 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263 288 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53 289 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/ 290 291 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20): 292 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth 293 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday 294 # in September. 295 296 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11): 297 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet 298 # Information and Decision Support Center: 299 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html 300 # 301 # The Middle East News Agency 302 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx 303 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21" 304 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT." 305 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service, 306 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine 307 # (at least today). 308 309 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20): 310 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has 311 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during 312 # Ramadan. 313 # 314 # Arabic translation: 315 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again" 316 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again 317 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html 318 319 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07): 320 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15 321 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx 322 323 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13): 324 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00) 325 326 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04): 327 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes 328 # in Egypt. The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at 329 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ... 330 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ... 331 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to 332 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014, 333 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014, 334 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve 335 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014." This statement has been 336 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]... 337 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258 338 339 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04): 340 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says 341 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited 342 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption. There is 343 # no information about when DST will end this fall. See: 344 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833 345 346 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08): 347 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015. 348 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last 349 # Thursday of April.... Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but 350 # dates not yet announced.... 351 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ... 352 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html 353 354 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20): 355 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at 356 # least for 2015. 357 # 358 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20): 359 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx 360 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving 361 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the 362 # practice altogether in future years." 363 # 364 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-20): 365 # For now, assume DST will be canceled. Any resumption would likely 366 # use different rules anyway. 367 368 Rule Egypt 2008 only - Aug lastThu 24:00 0 - 369 Rule Egypt 2009 only - Aug 20 24:00 0 - 370 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Aug 10 24:00 0 - 371 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep 9 24:00 1:00 S 372 Rule Egypt 2010 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 373 Rule Egypt 2014 only - May 15 24:00 1:00 S 374 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jun 26 24:00 0 - 375 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Jul 31 24:00 1:00 S 376 Rule Egypt 2014 only - Sep lastThu 24:00 0 - 377 378 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 379 Zone Africa/Cairo 2:05:09 - LMT 1900 Oct 380 2:00 Egypt EE%sT 381 382 # Equatorial Guinea 383 # See Africa/Lagos. 384 385 # Eritrea 386 # Ethiopia 387 # See Africa/Nairobi. 388 389 # Gabon 390 # See Africa/Lagos. 391 392 # Gambia 393 # See Africa/Abidjan. 394 395 # Ghana 396 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 397 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present"; 398 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942; 399 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by: 400 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book, 401 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii. 402 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942. 403 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Sep 1 0:00 0:20 GHST 404 Rule Ghana 1920 1942 - Dec 31 0:00 0 GMT 405 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 406 Zone Africa/Accra -0:00:52 - LMT 1918 407 0:00 Ghana %s 408 409 # Guinea 410 # See Africa/Abidjan. 411 412 # Guinea-Bissau 413 # 414 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT, 415 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree 416 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 417 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01. 418 # 419 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 420 Zone Africa/Bissau -1:02:20 - LMT 1912 Jan 1 421 -1:00 - WAT 1975 422 0:00 - GMT 423 424 # Kenya 425 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 426 Zone Africa/Nairobi 2:27:16 - LMT 1928 Jul 427 3:00 - EAT 1930 428 2:30 - BEAT 1940 429 2:45 - BEAUT 1960 430 3:00 - EAT 431 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa # Ethiopia 432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara # Eritrea 433 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania 434 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti 435 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala # Uganda 436 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu # Somalia 437 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo # Madagascar 438 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro 439 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte 440 441 # Lesotho 442 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 443 444 # Liberia 445 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 446 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch 447 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes. 448 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday. 449 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan; 450 # go with Shanks & Pottenger. 451 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and 452 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure. 453 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 454 Zone Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 - LMT 1882 455 -0:43:08 - MMT 1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time 456 -0:44:30 - LRT 1972 May # Liberia Time 457 0:00 - GMT 458 459 ############################################################################### 460 461 # Libya 462 463 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10): 464 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10. 465 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/ 466 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc 467 # 468 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in 469 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html 470 # 471 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11): 472 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1. 473 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe 474 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on 475 # lastFri instead of lastSun). 476 477 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25): 478 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was 479 # cancelled yesterday.... 480 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/ 481 # 482 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25): 483 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2. 484 485 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 486 Rule Libya 1951 only - Oct 14 2:00 1:00 S 487 Rule Libya 1952 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 488 Rule Libya 1953 only - Oct 9 2:00 1:00 S 489 Rule Libya 1954 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 490 Rule Libya 1955 only - Sep 30 0:00 1:00 S 491 Rule Libya 1956 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 - 492 Rule Libya 1982 1984 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 493 Rule Libya 1982 1985 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 494 Rule Libya 1985 only - Apr 6 0:00 1:00 S 495 Rule Libya 1986 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 496 Rule Libya 1986 only - Oct 3 0:00 0 - 497 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Apr 1 0:00 1:00 S 498 Rule Libya 1987 1989 - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 499 Rule Libya 1997 only - Apr 4 0:00 1:00 S 500 Rule Libya 1997 only - Oct 4 0:00 0 - 501 Rule Libya 2013 only - Mar lastFri 1:00 1:00 S 502 Rule Libya 2013 only - Oct lastFri 2:00 0 - 503 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 504 Zone Africa/Tripoli 0:52:44 - LMT 1920 505 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1959 506 2:00 - EET 1982 507 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1990 May 4 508 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger; 509 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors. 510 2:00 - EET 1996 Sep 30 511 1:00 Libya CE%sT 1997 Oct 4 512 2:00 - EET 2012 Nov 10 2:00 513 1:00 Libya CE%sT 2013 Oct 25 2:00 514 2:00 - EET 515 516 # Madagascar 517 # See Africa/Nairobi. 518 519 # Malawi 520 # See Africa/Maputo. 521 522 # Mali 523 # Mauritania 524 # See Africa/Abidjan. 525 526 # Mauritius 527 528 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25): 529 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial 530 # basis.... 531 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to 532 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful.... 533 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html 534 535 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25): 536 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 537 538 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30): 539 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A 540 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving 541 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight. 542 543 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30): 544 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger. 545 546 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10): 547 # According to 548 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216 549 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier 550 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31). The new start 551 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time 552 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time). 553 # 554 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date 555 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date, 556 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in 557 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder 558 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which 559 # changes two days later. 560 561 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11): 562 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving 563 # time: Energy conservation?"-# No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally 564 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008... 565 # 566 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction 567 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26 568 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one.... 569 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html 570 571 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03): 572 # The Government of Mauritius weblink 573 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD 574 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows: 575 # 576 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly 577 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in 578 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of 579 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United 580 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the 581 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on 582 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the 583 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008 584 # and end on 29 March 2009. 585 586 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07): 587 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the 588 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the 589 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March. 590 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf 591 592 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05): 593 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe 594 # DST the coming summer... 595 # 596 # Some sources, in French: 597 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB 598 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints- 599 # 600 # Our wrap-up: 601 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html 602 603 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11): 604 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this: 605 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour 606 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..." 607 608 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 609 Rule Mauritius 1982 only - Oct 10 0:00 1:00 S 610 Rule Mauritius 1983 only - Mar 21 0:00 0 - 611 Rule Mauritius 2008 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 612 Rule Mauritius 2009 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 613 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 614 Zone Indian/Mauritius 3:50:00 - LMT 1907 # Port Louis 615 4:00 Mauritius MU%sT # Mauritius Time 616 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez 617 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius 618 619 # Mayotte 620 # See Africa/Nairobi. 621 622 # Morocco 623 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta). 624 625 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 626 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between 627 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008. 628 # 629 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will 630 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to 631 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...." 632 # 633 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html 634 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html 635 636 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09): 637 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe 638 # Presse: 639 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view 640 # 641 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt. 642 # spokesman. 643 644 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09): 645 # According to this article: 646 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html 647 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>) 648 # the changes occur at midnight: 649 # 650 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be 651 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday) 652 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight 653 # 654 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say 655 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and 656 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive 657 # June 1st to Sept 27th. 658 # 659 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree 660 # published on the web. 661 # 662 # It's also confirmed here: 663 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm 664 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet 665 # posted in English). 666 # 667 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits: 668 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search 669 670 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27): 671 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31 672 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end 673 # of September: 674 # 675 # One article about it (in French): 676 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default 677 # 678 # We have some further details posted here: 679 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html 680 681 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17): 682 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according 683 # to many sources, such as 684 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html 685 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312 686 # (French) 687 # 688 # Our summary: 689 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html 690 691 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 692 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre, 693 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics 694 # 695 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 june 1967) 696 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of 697 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be 698 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight. 699 # 700 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf 701 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html 702 703 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13): 704 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization 705 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from 706 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08. 707 # 708 # Example: 709 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html 710 # (French) 711 # Our page: 712 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html 713 714 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30): 715 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format) 716 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00 717 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00 718 # ...Official links of change in morocco 719 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio 720 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at 721 # +212.537.71.84.00 722 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/ 723 # They said that 724 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view 725 # is the official publication to look at. 726 # They said that the decision was already taken. 727 # 728 # More articles in the press 729 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html 730 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923 731 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim 732 733 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30): 734 # They have it written in English here: 735 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view 736 # 737 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31, 738 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of 739 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has 740 # also been like that in the past. 741 742 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09): 743 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma), 744 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale: 745 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été 746 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9 747 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on 748 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on 749 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012) 750 # except the month of Ramadan. 751 # or (brief) 752 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html 753 754 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10): 755 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in 756 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day; 757 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX. 758 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about 759 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX. 760 761 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16): 762 # Seen Morocco change again: 763 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php 764 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars, 765 # comme annoncé précédemment." 766 767 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17): 768 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government: 769 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French] 770 # 771 # Google translation, lightly edited: 772 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT) 773 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18, 774 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the 775 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry 776 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return 777 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until 778 # Monday, August 20, 2012. So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from 779 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes 780 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am. 781 782 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06): 783 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be 784 # announced a bit in advance. On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government 785 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be 786 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see 787 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 788 789 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02): 790 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings 791 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see: 792 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10 793 794 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28): 795 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day 796 # before it was going to end. There is a new decree (2.13.781) for 797 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00 798 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules. Official 799 # source (French): 800 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013 801 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree): 802 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html 803 804 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18): 805 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp 806 807 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05): 808 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return 809 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time.... DST 810 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014.... 811 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586 812 813 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-05): 814 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2014's rules, 815 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last 816 # Saturday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Saturday after 817 # Ramadan. To implement this, transition dates for 2015 through 2037 were 818 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the 819 # results integrated by hand into the table below. 820 # (let ((islamic-year 1436)) 821 # (while (< islamic-year 1460) 822 # (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year))) 823 # (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year))) 824 # (saturday 6)) 825 # (while (/= saturday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7))) 826 # (while (/= saturday (mod b 7)) 827 # (setq b (1+ b))) 828 # (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a)) 829 # (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b)) 830 # (insert 831 # (format 832 # (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n" 833 # "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n") 834 # (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a)) 835 # (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b))))) 836 # (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year)))) 837 838 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 839 840 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Sep 12 0:00 1:00 S 841 Rule Morocco 1939 only - Nov 19 0:00 0 - 842 Rule Morocco 1940 only - Feb 25 0:00 1:00 S 843 Rule Morocco 1945 only - Nov 18 0:00 0 - 844 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Jun 11 0:00 1:00 S 845 Rule Morocco 1950 only - Oct 29 0:00 0 - 846 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Jun 3 12:00 1:00 S 847 Rule Morocco 1967 only - Oct 1 0:00 0 - 848 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Jun 24 0:00 1:00 S 849 Rule Morocco 1974 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 850 Rule Morocco 1976 1977 - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 851 Rule Morocco 1976 only - Aug 1 0:00 0 - 852 Rule Morocco 1977 only - Sep 28 0:00 0 - 853 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 854 Rule Morocco 1978 only - Aug 4 0:00 0 - 855 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 856 Rule Morocco 2008 only - Sep 1 0:00 0 - 857 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Jun 1 0:00 1:00 S 858 Rule Morocco 2009 only - Aug 21 0:00 0 - 859 Rule Morocco 2010 only - May 2 0:00 1:00 S 860 Rule Morocco 2010 only - Aug 8 0:00 0 - 861 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Apr 3 0:00 1:00 S 862 Rule Morocco 2011 only - Jul 31 0 0 - 863 Rule Morocco 2012 2013 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 864 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Sep 30 3:00 0 - 865 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Jul 20 3:00 0 - 866 Rule Morocco 2012 only - Aug 20 2:00 1:00 S 867 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Jul 7 3:00 0 - 868 Rule Morocco 2013 only - Aug 10 2:00 1:00 S 869 Rule Morocco 2013 max - Oct lastSun 3:00 0 - 870 Rule Morocco 2014 2022 - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 871 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Jun 28 3:00 0 - 872 Rule Morocco 2014 only - Aug 2 2:00 1:00 S 873 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jun 13 3:00 0 - 874 Rule Morocco 2015 only - Jul 18 2:00 1:00 S 875 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jun 4 3:00 0 - 876 Rule Morocco 2016 only - Jul 9 2:00 1:00 S 877 Rule Morocco 2017 only - May 20 3:00 0 - 878 Rule Morocco 2017 only - Jul 1 2:00 1:00 S 879 Rule Morocco 2018 only - May 12 3:00 0 - 880 Rule Morocco 2018 only - Jun 16 2:00 1:00 S 881 Rule Morocco 2019 only - May 4 3:00 0 - 882 Rule Morocco 2019 only - Jun 8 2:00 1:00 S 883 Rule Morocco 2020 only - Apr 18 3:00 0 - 884 Rule Morocco 2020 only - May 30 2:00 1:00 S 885 Rule Morocco 2021 only - Apr 10 3:00 0 - 886 Rule Morocco 2021 only - May 15 2:00 1:00 S 887 Rule Morocco 2022 only - Apr 2 3:00 0 - 888 Rule Morocco 2022 only - May 7 2:00 1:00 S 889 Rule Morocco 2023 only - Apr 22 2:00 1:00 S 890 Rule Morocco 2024 only - Apr 13 2:00 1:00 S 891 Rule Morocco 2025 only - Apr 5 2:00 1:00 S 892 Rule Morocco 2026 max - Mar lastSun 2:00 1:00 S 893 Rule Morocco 2035 only - Oct 27 3:00 0 - 894 Rule Morocco 2036 only - Oct 18 3:00 0 - 895 Rule Morocco 2037 only - Oct 10 3:00 0 - 896 897 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 898 Zone Africa/Casablanca -0:30:20 - LMT 1913 Oct 26 899 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 1984 Mar 16 900 1:00 - CET 1986 901 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 902 903 # Western Sahara 904 # 905 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22): 906 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters 907 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as 908 # Morocco does. 909 # 910 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23): 911 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT, 912 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco. 913 914 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun -0:52:48 - LMT 1934 Jan # El Aaiún 915 -1:00 - WAT 1976 Apr 14 916 0:00 Morocco WE%sT 917 918 # Mozambique 919 # 920 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT. 921 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree 922 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf 923 # merely made it official? 924 # 925 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 926 Zone Africa/Maputo 2:10:20 - LMT 1903 Mar 927 2:00 - CAT 928 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre # Malawi 929 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura # Burundi 930 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone # Botswana 931 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare # Zimbabwe 932 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali # Rwanda 933 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi # E Dem. Rep. of Congo 934 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka # Zambia 935 936 # Namibia 937 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger. 938 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA. 939 940 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30): 941 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html 942 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other 943 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there 944 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions. Chief of 945 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of 946 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest 947 # of the country. 948 # 949 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31): 950 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but 951 # we have no details. In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone. 952 953 # RULE NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 954 Rule Namibia 1994 max - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 955 Rule Namibia 1995 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 956 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 957 Zone Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 958 1:30 - SWAT 1903 Mar # SW Africa Time 959 2:00 - SAST 1942 Sep 20 2:00 960 2:00 1:00 SAST 1943 Mar 21 2:00 961 2:00 - SAST 1990 Mar 21 # independence 962 2:00 - CAT 1994 Apr 3 963 1:00 Namibia WA%sT 964 965 # Niger 966 # See Africa/Lagos. 967 968 # Nigeria 969 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 970 Zone Africa/Lagos 0:13:36 - LMT 1919 Sep 971 1:00 - WAT 972 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui # Central African Republic 973 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo 974 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala # Cameroon 975 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west) 976 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville # Gabon 977 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda # Angola 978 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo # Equatorial Guinea 979 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey # Niger 980 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo # Benin 981 982 # Réunion 983 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 984 Zone Indian/Reunion 3:41:52 - LMT 1911 Jun # Saint-Denis 985 4:00 - RET # Réunion Time 986 # 987 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file. 988 # 989 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows. 990 # The following information about them is taken from 991 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22, 992 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17). 993 # We have no info about their time zone histories. 994 # 995 # Bassas da India - uninhabited 996 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families 997 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958 998 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited 999 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958 1000 1001 # Rwanda 1002 # See Africa/Maputo. 1003 1004 # St Helena 1005 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1006 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar: 1007 # Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA 1008 # Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA 1009 # Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously): 1010 # on GMT, says the CIA 1011 # Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited 1012 1013 # São Tomé and Príncipe 1014 # Senegal 1015 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1016 1017 # Seychelles 1018 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1019 Zone Indian/Mahe 3:41:48 - LMT 1906 Jun # Victoria 1020 4:00 - SCT # Seychelles Time 1021 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30): 1022 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the 1023 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory 1024 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976. We don't know 1025 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now. 1026 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited. 1027 1028 # Sierra Leone 1029 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1030 1031 # Somalia 1032 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1033 1034 # South Africa 1035 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1036 Rule SA 1942 1943 - Sep Sun>=15 2:00 1:00 - 1037 Rule SA 1943 1944 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 1038 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1039 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 - LMT 1892 Feb 8 1040 1:30 - SAST 1903 Mar 1041 2:00 SA SAST 1042 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru # Lesotho 1043 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane # Swaziland 1044 # 1045 # Marion and Prince Edward Is 1046 # scientific station since 1947 1047 # no information 1048 1049 # Sudan 1050 # 1051 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html> 1052 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13), 1053 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen: 1054 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon 1055 # Saturday.... This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for 1056 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin. 1057 # 1058 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1059 Rule Sudan 1970 only - May 1 0:00 1:00 S 1060 Rule Sudan 1970 1985 - Oct 15 0:00 0 - 1061 Rule Sudan 1971 only - Apr 30 0:00 1:00 S 1062 Rule Sudan 1972 1985 - Apr lastSun 0:00 1:00 S 1063 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1064 Zone Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 - LMT 1931 1065 2:00 Sudan CA%sT 2000 Jan 15 12:00 1066 3:00 - EAT 1067 1068 # South Sudan 1069 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba 1070 1071 # Swaziland 1072 # See Africa/Johannesburg. 1073 1074 # Tanzania 1075 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1076 1077 # Togo 1078 # See Africa/Abidjan. 1079 1080 # Tunisia 1081 1082 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30): 1083 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST, 1084 # this time in Tunisia. According to Yahoo France News 1085 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP 1086 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by 1087 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1. Henceforth, Tunisian time will be 1088 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1. The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next 1089 # Saturday." (My translation) 1090 # 1091 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02): 1092 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ... 1093 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html 1094 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30, 1095 # 1h standard time. 1096 # 1097 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28): 1098 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year: 1099 # Beginning : the last Sunday of March at 02:00 1100 # Ending : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ... 1101 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50 1102 1103 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16): 1104 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year. 1105 # (Arabic) 1106 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546 1107 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp 1108 # 1109 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia. 1110 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page: 1111 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html 1112 1113 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17): 1114 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency 1115 # 1116 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn): 1117 # 1118 # (in English) 1119 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157 1120 # 1121 # (in Arabic) 1122 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1 1123 1124 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18): 1125 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is 1126 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period 1127 # concerned by summer time. Therefore, the standard time will be kept 1128 # unchanged the whole year long." So foregoing DST seems to be an exception 1129 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future). 1130 1131 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27): 1132 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010 1133 # 1134 # (translation): 1135 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on 1136 # Sunday... 1137 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also 1138 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..." 1139 # 1140 # (in Arabic) 1141 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1 1142 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036 1143 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html 1144 1145 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 1146 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Apr 15 23:00s 1:00 S 1147 Rule Tunisia 1939 only - Nov 18 23:00s 0 - 1148 Rule Tunisia 1940 only - Feb 25 23:00s 1:00 S 1149 Rule Tunisia 1941 only - Oct 6 0:00 0 - 1150 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Mar 9 0:00 1:00 S 1151 Rule Tunisia 1942 only - Nov 2 3:00 0 - 1152 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Mar 29 2:00 1:00 S 1153 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 17 2:00 0 - 1154 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Apr 25 2:00 1:00 S 1155 Rule Tunisia 1943 only - Oct 4 2:00 0 - 1156 Rule Tunisia 1944 1945 - Apr Mon>=1 2:00 1:00 S 1157 Rule Tunisia 1944 only - Oct 8 0:00 0 - 1158 Rule Tunisia 1945 only - Sep 16 0:00 0 - 1159 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Apr 30 0:00s 1:00 S 1160 Rule Tunisia 1977 only - Sep 24 0:00s 0 - 1161 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1162 Rule Tunisia 1978 only - Oct 1 0:00s 0 - 1163 Rule Tunisia 1988 only - Jun 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1164 Rule Tunisia 1988 1990 - Sep lastSun 0:00s 0 - 1165 Rule Tunisia 1989 only - Mar 26 0:00s 1:00 S 1166 Rule Tunisia 1990 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1167 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - May 1 0:00s 1:00 S 1168 Rule Tunisia 2005 only - Sep 30 1:00s 0 - 1169 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 1:00 S 1170 Rule Tunisia 2006 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 0 - 1171 1172 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's 1173 # more precise 0:09:21. 1174 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11. 1175 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 1176 Zone Africa/Tunis 0:40:44 - LMT 1881 May 12 1177 0:09:21 - PMT 1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time 1178 1:00 Tunisia CE%sT 1179 1180 # Uganda 1181 # See Africa/Nairobi. 1182 1183 # Zambia 1184 # Zimbabwe 1185 # See Africa/Maputo.