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34 <h1>TIFF Metadata Format Specification and Usage Notes</h1>
35
36 <a href="#Reading">Reading Images</a>
37 <ul>
38 <li><a href="#ColorConversionRead">Color Conversion</a></li>
39 <li><a href="#ColorSpacesRead">Color Spaces</a></li>
40 <li><a href="#ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profiles</a></li>
41 <li><a href="#MetadataIssuesRead">Metadata Issues</a>
42 <ul>
43 <li><a href="#MapNativeStandard">Native to Standard Metadata Mapping</a></li>
44 </ul>
45 </li>
46 <li><a href="#ExifRead">Reading Exif Images</a>
47 <ul>
48 <li><a href="#ExifReadTIFF">Reading Uncompressed Exif Images</a></li>
49 <li><a href="#ExifReadJPEG">Reading Compressed Exif Images</a></li>
50 </ul>
51 </li>
52 </ul>
53 <a href="#Writing">Writing Images</a><br/>
54 <ul>
55 <li><a href="#Compression">Compression</a></li>
56 <li><a href="#ColorConversionWrite">Color Conversion</a></li>
57 <li><a href="#ICCProfilesWrite">ICC Profiles</a></li>
58 <li><a href="#MetadataIssuesWrite">Metadata Issues</a>
59 <ul>
60 <li><a href="#MapStandardNative">Standard to Native Metadata Mapping</a></li>
61 </ul>
62 <li><a href="#ExifWrite">Writing Exif Images</a>
63 <ul>
64 <li><a href="#ExifWriteTIFF">Writing Uncompressed Exif Images</a></li>
65 <li><a href="#ExifWriteJPEG">Writing Compressed Exif Images</a></li>
66 </ul>
67 </li>
68 </ul>
69 <a href="#StreamMetadata">Native Stream Metadata Format</a><br/>
70 <a href="#ImageMetadata">Native Image Metadata Format</a>
71
72 <h2><a id="Reading">Reading Images</a></h2>
73
74 TIFF images are read by an <a href="../../ImageReader.html">ImageReader</a>
75 which may be controlled by its public interface as well as via a supplied
76 <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFImageReadParam.html">TIFFImageReadParam</a>.
77
78 <!-- <h3>Supported Image Types</h3> -->
79
80 <!-- Table? -->
81
82 <h3><a id="ColorConversionRead">Color Conversion</a></h3>
83
84 <p>If the source image data
85 have photometric type CIE L*a*b* or YCbCr, and the destination color space
86 type is RGB, then the source image data will be automatically converted to
87 RGB using an internal color converter.</p>
88
89 <h3><a id="ColorSpacesRead">Color Spaces</a></h3>
90
91 The raw color space assigned by default, i.e., in the absence of a
92 user-supplied <a href="../../ImageTypeSpecifier.html">ImageTypeSpecifier</a>,
93 will be the first among the following which applies:
94
95 <ul>
96 <li>A color space created from the <a href="#ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profile</a>
97 metadata field if it is present and compatible with the image data
98 layout.</li>
99 <li><a id="nonICCProfile"></a>sRGB if the image is monochrome/bilevel
100 (a two-level color map is created internally).</li>
101 <li>sRGB if the image is palette-color.</li>
102 <li>Linear RGB if the image has three samples per pixel, has photometric type
103 CIE L*a*b*, or has photometric type YCbCr and is <i>not</i>
104 JPEG-compressed.</li>
105 <li>A <a href="#DefaultCMYK">default CMYK color space</a> if the image has
106 photometric type CMYK and four samples per pixel.</li>
107 <li>Grayscale if the image has one or two samples per pixel and uniformly
108 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits per sample or is floating point.</li>
109 <li>sRGB if the image has three or four samples per pixel and uniformly
110 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, or 32 bits per sample or is floating point.</li>
111 <li>A fabricated, <a href="#GenericCS">generic color space</a> if the image
112 has more than four samples per pixel and the number of bits per sample for
113 all bands is the same and is a multiple of 8.</li>
114 <li>Grayscale if the image has one or two samples per pixel regardless of
115 the number of bits per sample.</li>
116 <li>sRGB if the image has three or four samples per pixel regardless of
117 the number of bits per sample.</li>
118 <li>A fabricated, <a href="#GenericCS">generic color space</a> if the image
119 has more than four samples per pixel regardless of the number of bits per
120 sample.</li>
121 </ul>
122
123 <p><a id="DefaultCMYK"></a>The normalized color coordinate transformations
124 used for the default CMYK color space are defined as follows:
125
126 <ul>
127 <li>CMYK to linear RGB
128 <pre>
129 R = (1 - K)*(1 - C)
130 G = (1 - K)*(1 - M)
131 B = (1 - K)*(1 - Y)
132 </pre>
133 </li>
134 <li>Linear RGB to CMYK
135 <pre>
136 K = min{1 - R, 1 - G, 1 - B}
137 if(K != 1) {
138 C = (1 - R - K)/(1 - K)
139 M = (1 - G - K)/(1 - K)
140 Y = (1 - B - K)/(1 - K)
141 } else {
142 C = M = Y = 0
143 }
144 </pre>
145 </li>
146 </ul>
147
148 <p><a id="GenericCS"></a>The generic color space used when no other color space
149 can be inferred is provided merely to enable the data to be loaded. It is not
150 intended to provide accurate conversions of any kind.</p>
151
152 <p>If the data are known to be in a color space not correctly handled by the
153 foregoing, then an <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> should be
154 supplied to the reader and should be derived from a color space which is correct
155 for the data in question.</p>
156
157 <h3><a id="ICCProfilesRead">ICC Profiles</a></h3>
158
159 If an ICC profile is contained in the image metadata
160 (<a href="../../plugins/tiff/BaselineTIFFTagSet.html">
161 BaselineTIFFTagSet</a>.TAG_ICC_PROFILE, tag number 34675),
162 an attempt will be made to use it to create the color space
163 of the loaded image. It will be used if the data layout is of component type
164 and the number of samples per pixel equals or is one greater than the number
165 of components described by the ICC profile. If the ICC profile is not used
166 then the color space will be inferred in one of the subsequent steps described
167 <a href="#nonICCProfile">above</a>.
168
169 <p>If for some reason the embedded ICC profile is not used automatically, then
170 it may be used manually by following this procedure:
171
172 <ol>
173 <li>Obtain the image metadata from
174 <code>ImageReader.getImageMetadata</code></li>
175 <li>Extract the ICC profile field and its value.</li>
176 <li>Create an <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ICC_ColorSpace.html">
177 ICC_ColorSpace</a> from an
178 <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ICC_Profile.html">
179 ICC_Profile</a> created from the ICC profile field data
180 using <code>ICC_Profile.getInstance(byte[])</code>.</li>
181 <li>Create an <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> from the new color
182 space using one of its factory methods which accepts an
183 <code>ICC_ColorSpace</code>.
184 <li>Create a compatible <a href="../../ImageReadParam.html">ImageReadParam</a>
185 and set the <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> using
186 <code>ImageReadParam.setDestinationType</code>.</li>
187 <li>Pass the parameter object to the appropriate <code>read</code> method.</li>
188 </ol>
189
190 <p>If the inferred color space not based on the ICC Profile field is compatible
191 with the ICC profile-based color space, then a second
192 <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> derived from this inferred color
193 space will be included in the
194 {@link java.util.Iterator Iterator} returned by
195 <code>ImageReader.getImageTypes</code>. If the iterator contains
196 more than one type, the first one will be based on the ICC profile and the
197 second on the inferred color space.</p>
198
199 <h3><a id="MetadataIssuesRead">Metadata Issues</a></h3>
200
201 By default all recognized fields in the TIFF image file directory (IFD) are
202 loaded into the native image metadata object. Which fields are loaded may be
203 controlled by setting which TIFF tags the reader is allowed to recognize,
204 whether to read fields with unrecognized tags, and whether to ignore all
205 metadata. The reader is informed to disregard all metadata as usual via the
206 <code>ignoreMetadata</code> parameter of
207 <code>ImageReader.setInput(Object,boolean,boolean)</code>. It is
208 informed of which <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFTag.html">TIFFTag</a>s to
209 recognize or not to recognize via
210 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.addAllowedTagSet(TIFFTagSet)</code> and
211 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.removeAllowedTagSet(TIFFTagSet)</code>.
212 If <code>ignoreMetadata</code> is <code>true</code>, then only metadata
213 essential to reading the image will be loaded into the native image metadata
214 object. If <code>ignoreMetadata</code> is <code>false</code>, then the reader
215 will by default load into the native image metadata object only those fields
216 which are either essential to reading the image or have a <code>TIFFTag</code>
217 contained in the one of the allowed <code>TIFFTagSet</code>s. Reading of
218 fields with tags not in the allowed <code>TIFFTagSet</code>s may be forced
219 by passing in a <code>TIFFImageReadParam</code> on which
220 <code>TIFFImageReadParam.setReadUnknownTags(boolean)</code> has been
221 invoked with parameter <code>true</code>.
222
223 <p>Use of a <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFDirectory.html">TIFFDirectory</a>
224 object may simplify gaining access to metadata values. An instance of
225 <code>TIFFDirectory</code> may be created from the <code>IIOMetadata</code>
226 object returned by the TIFF reader using the
227 <code>TIFFDirectory.createFromMetadata</code> method.</p>
228
229 <h4><a id="MapNativeStandard"></a>
230 Mapping of TIFF Native Image Metadata to the Standard Metadata Format</h4>
231
232 The derivation of standard metadata format
233 <a href="standard_metadata.html">javax_imageio_1.0</a>
234 elements from <a href="#ImageMetadata">TIFF native image metadata</a> is given
235 in the following table.
236
237 <table border="1">
238 <thead>
239 <tr>
240 <th scope="col">Index</th>
241 <th scope="col">Standard Metadata Element</th>
242 <th scope="col">Derivation from TIFF Fields</th>
243 </tr>
244 </thead>
245 <tbody>
246 <tr>
247 <th scope="row">1</th>
248 <td>/Chroma/ColorSpaceType@name</td>
249 <td>PhotometricInterpretation: WhiteIsZero, BlackIsZero, TransparencyMask =
250 "GRAY"; RGB, PaletteColor => "RGB"; CMYK => "CMYK";
251 YCbCr => "YCbCr";
252 CIELab, ICCLab => "Lab".</td>
253 </tr>
254 <tr>
255 <th scope="row">2</th>
256 <td>/Chroma/NumChannels@value</td>
257 <td>SamplesPerPixel</td>
258 </tr>
259 <tr>
260 <th scope="row">3</th>
261 <td>/Chroma/BlackIsZero@value</td>
262 <td>"TRUE" <=> PhotometricInterpretation => WhiteIsZero</td>
263 </tr>
264 <tr>
265 <th scope="row">4</th>
266 <td>/Chroma/Palette</td>
267 <td>ColorMap</td>
268 </tr>
269 <tr>
270 <th scope="row">5</th>
271 <td>/Compression/CompressionTypeName@value</td>
272 <td>Compression: Uncompressed => "none"; CCITT 1D => "CCITT
273 RLE";
274 Group 3 Fax => "CCITT T.4"; Group 4 Fax => "CCITT T.6";
275 LZW => "LZW";
276 JPEG => "Old JPEG"; New JPEG => "JPEG"; Zlib =>> "ZLib"; PackBits =>
277 "PackBits";
278 Deflate => "Deflate"; Exif JPEG => "JPEG".</td>
279 </tr>
280 <tr>
281 <th scope="row">6</th>
282 <td>/Compression/Lossless@value</td>
283 <td>Compression: JPEG or New JPEG => "FALSE"; otherwise "TRUE".</td>
284 </tr>
285 <tr>
286 <th scope="row">7</th>
287 <td>/Data/PlanarConfiguration@value</td>
288 <td>Chunky => "PixelInterleaved"; Planar => "PlaneInterleaved".</td>
289 </tr>
290 <tr>
291 <th scope="row">8</th>
292 <td>/Data/SampleFormat@value</td>
293 <td>PhotometricInterpretation PaletteColor => "Index";
294 SampleFormat unsigned integer data => "UnsignedIntegral";
295 SampleFormat two's complement signed integer data => "SignedIntegral";
296 SampleFormat IEEE floating point data => "Real";
297 otherwise element not emitted.
298 </td>
299 </tr>
300 <tr>
301 <th scope="row">9</th>
302 <td>/Data/BitsPerSample@value</td>
303 <td>BitsPerSample as a space-separated list.</td>
304 </tr>
305 <tr>
306 <th scope="row">10</th>
307 <td>/Data/SampleMSB@value</td>
308 <td>FillOrder: left-to-right => space-separated list of BitsPerSample-1;
309 right-to-left => space-separated list of 0s.</td>
310 </tr>
311 <tr>
312 <th scope="row">11</th>
313 <td>/Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value</td>
314 <td>(1/XResolution)/(1/YResolution)</td>
315 </tr>
316 <tr>
317 <th scope="row">12</th>
318 <td>/Dimension/ImageOrientation@value</td>
319 <td>Orientation</td>
320 </tr>
321 <tr>
322 <th scope="row">13</th>
323 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value</td>
324 <td>1/XResolution in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
325 </tr>
326 <tr>
327 <th scope="row">14</th>
328 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value</td>
329 <td>1/YResolution in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
330 </tr>
331 <tr>
332 <th scope="row">15</th>
333 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPosition@value</td>
334 <td>XPosition in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
335 </tr>
336 <tr>
337 <th scope="row">16</th>
338 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPosition@value</td>
339 <td>YPosition in millimeters if ResolutionUnit is not None.</td>
340 </tr>
341 <tr>
342 <th scope="row">17</th>
343 <td>/Document/FormatVersion@value</td>
344 <td>6.0</td>
345 </tr>
346 <tr>
347 <th scope="row">18</th>
348 <td>/Document/SubimageInterpretation@value</td>
349 <td>NewSubFileType: transparency => "TransparencyMask";
350 reduced-resolution => "ReducedResolution";
351 single page => "SinglePage".</td>
352 </tr>
353 <tr>
354 <th scope="row">19</th>
355 <td>/Document/ImageCreationTime@value</td>
356 <td>DateTime</td>
357 </tr>
358 <tr>
359 <th scope="row">20</th>
360 <td>/Text/TextEntry</td>
361 <td>DocumentName, ImageDescription, Make, Model, PageName, Software,
362 Artist, HostComputer, InkNames, Copyright:
363 /Text/TextEntry@keyword = field name,
364 /Text/TextEntry@value = field value.<br>
365 Example: TIFF Software field => /Text/TextEntry@keyword = "Software",
366 /Text/TextEntry@value = Name and version number of the software package(s)
367 used to create the image.</td>
368 </tr>
369 <tr>
370 <th scope="row">21</th>
371 <td>/Transparency/Alpha@value</td>
372 <td>ExtraSamples: associated alpha => "premultiplied";
373 unassociated alpha => "nonpremultiplied".</td>
374 </tr>
375 </tbody>
376 </table>
377
378 <h3><a id="ExifRead">Reading Exif Images</a></h3>
379
380 The TIFF reader may be used to read an uncompressed Exif image or the
381 contents of the <code>APP1</code> marker segment of a compressed Exif image.
382
383 <h4><a id="ExifReadTIFF">Reading Uncompressed Exif Images</a></h4>
384
385 An uncompressed Exif image is a one- or two-page uncompressed TIFF image
386 with a specific ordering of its IFD and image data content. Each pixel
387 has three 8-bit samples with photometric interpretation RGB or YCbCr.
388 The image stream must contain a single primary image and may contain a
389 single thumbnail which if present must also be uncompressed. The usual
390 <code>ImageReader</code> methods may be used to read the image
391 data and metadata:
392
393 <pre><code>
394 ImageInputStream input;
395 ImageReader tiffReader;
396 ImageReadParam tiffReadParam;
397
398 tiffReader.setInput(input);
399
400 // Read primary image and IFD.
401 BufferedImage image = tiffReader.read(0, tiffReadParam);
402 IIOMetadata primaryIFD = tiffReader.getImageMetadata(0);
403
404 // Read thumbnail if present.
405 BufferedImage thumbnail = null;
406 if (tiffReader.getNumImages(true) > 1) {
407 thumbnail = tiffReader.read(1, tiffReadParam);
408 }
409 </code></pre>
410
411 Note that the Exif thumbnail is treated as a separate page in the TIFF
412 stream and not as a thumbnail, i.e.,
413 <code>tiffReader.hasThumbnails(0)</code> will return <code>false</code>.
414
415 <h4><a id="ExifReadJPEG">Reading Compressed Exif Images</a></h4>
416
417 A compressed Exif image is a 3-band ISO/IEC 10918-1 baseline DCT JPEG stream
418 with an inserted <code>APP1</code> marker segment. The parameters of the marker
419 segment after the length are the 6-byte sequence
420 <code>{'E', 'x', 'i', 'f', 0x00, 0x00}</code>
421 followed by a complete TIFF stream. The embedded TIFF stream contains a primary
422 IFD describing the JPEG image optionally followed by a thumbnail IFD and
423 compressed or uncompressed thumbnail image data. Note that the embedded TIFF
424 stream does not contain any image data associated with the primary IFD
425 nor any descriptive fields which duplicate information found in the JPEG
426 stream itself.
427
428 <p>The parameter content of the <code>APP1</code> marker segment may be obtained
429 from the user object of the associated <code>Node</code> in a
430 <code>javax_imageio_jpeg_image_1.0</code> native image metadata tree extracted
431 from the image metadata object returned by the JPEG reader. This APP1 Exif
432 node will be a child of the node named "markerSequence" and will
433 have name <code>unknown</code> and an attribute named <code>MarkerTag</code> with
434 integral value <code>0xE1</code> (<code>String</code> value
435 <code>"225"</code>). The user object of this node will be a byte array
436 which starts with the six bytes <code>{'E', 'x', 'i', 'f', '0', '0'}</code>.
437 The primary IFD and the thumbnail IFD and image may be
438 read from the user object by the usual <code>ImageReader</code>
439 methods:
440
441 <pre><code>
442 ImageReader jpegReader;
443 ImageReader tiffReader;
444
445 // Obtain the APP1 Exif marker data from the JPEG image metadata.
446 IIOMetadata jpegImageMetadata = jpegReader.getImageMetadata(0);
447 String nativeFormat = jpegImageMetadata.getNativeMetadataFormatName();
448 Node jpegImageMetadataTree = jpegImageMetadata.getAsTree(nativeFormat);
449
450 // getExifMarkerData() returns the byte array which is the user object
451 // of the APP1 Exif marker node.
452 byte[] app1Params = getExifMarkerData(jpegImageMetadataTree);
453 if (app1Params == null) {
454 throw new IIOException("APP1 Exif marker not found.");
455 }
456
457 // Set up input, skipping Exif ID 6-byte sequence.
458 MemoryCacheImageInputStream app1ExifInput
459 = new MemoryCacheImageInputStream
460 (new ByteArrayInputStream(app1Params, 6, app1Params.length - 6));
461 tiffReader.setInput(app1ExifInput);
462
463 // Read primary IFD.
464 IIOMetadata primaryIFD = tiffReader.getImageMetadata(0);
465
466 // Read thumbnail if present.
467 BufferedImage thumbnail = null;
468 if (tiffReader.getNumImages(true) > 1) {
469 thumbnail = tiffReader.read(1, tiffReadParam);
470 }
471
472 // Read the primary image.
473 BufferedImage image = jpegReader.read(0);
474 </code></pre>
475
476 Note that <code>tiffReader.getNumImages(true)</code> returns the number of
477 IFDs in the embedded TIFF stream including those corresponding to empty
478 images. Calling <code>tiffReader.read(0, readParam)</code> will throw
479 an exception as the primary image in the embedded TIFF stream is always
480 empty; the primary image should be obtained using the JPEG reader itself.
481
482 <h2><a id="Writing">Writing Images</a></h2>
483
484 TIFF images are written by a <a href="../../ImageWriter.html">ImageWriter</a> which may be
485 controlled by its public interface as well as via a supplied
486 <a href="../../ImageWriteParam.html">ImageWriteParam</a>. For an <code>ImageWriteParam</code> returned
487 by the <code>getDefaultWriteParam()</code> method of the TIFF <code>ImageWriter</code>,
488 the <code>canWriteTiles()</code> and <code>canWriteCompressed()</code> methods
489 will return <code>true</code>; the <code>canOffsetTiles()</code> and
490 <code>canWriteProgressive()</code> methods will return <code>false</code>.
491
492 The TIFF writer supports many optional capabilities including writing tiled
493 images, inserting images, writing or inserting empty images, and replacing image
494 data. Pixels may be replaced in either empty or non-empty images but if and
495 only if the data are not compressed.
496
497 <p> If tiles are being written, then each of their dimensions will be
498 rounded to the nearest multiple of 16 per the TIFF specification. If
499 JPEG-in-TIFF compression is being used, and tiles are being written
500 each tile dimension will be rounded to the nearest multiple of 8 times
501 the JPEG minimum coded unit (MCU) in that dimension. If JPEG-in-TIFF
502 compression is being used and strips are being written, the number of
503 rows per strip is rounded to a multiple of 8 times the maximum MCU over
504 both dimensions.</p>
505
506 <!-- <h3>Supported Image Types</h3> -->
507
508 <!-- Table? -->
509
510 <h3><a id="Compression">Compression</a></h3>
511
512 The compression type may be set via the <code>setCompressionType()</code> method of
513 the <code>ImageWriteParam</code> after setting the compression mode to
514 <code>MODE_EXPLICIT</code>. The set of innately
515 supported compression types is listed in the following table:
516
517 <table border=1>
518 <caption><b>Supported Compression Types</b></caption>
519 <thead>
520 <tr>
521 <th scope="col">Index</th>
522 <th scope="col">Compression Type</th>
523 <th scope="col">Description</th>
524 <th scope="col">Reference</th></tr>
525 <tr>
526 </thead>
527 <tbody>
528 <th scope="row">1</th>
529 <td>CCITT RLE</td>
530 <td>Modified Huffman compression</td>
531 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 10</td>
532 </tr>
533 <tr>
534 <th scope="row">2</th>
535 <td>CCITT T.4</td>
536 <td>CCITT T.4 bilevel encoding/Group 3 facsimile compression</td>
537 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 11</td>
538 </tr>
539 <tr>
540 <th scope="row">3</th>
541 <td>CCITT T.6</td>
542 <td>CCITT T.6 bilevel encoding/Group 4 facsimile compression</td>
543 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 11</td></tr>
544 <tr>
545 <th scope="row">4</th>
546 <td>LZW</td>
547 <td>LZW compression</td>
548 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 13</td></tr>
549 <tr>
550 <th scope="row">5</th>
551 <td>JPEG</td>
552 <td>"New" JPEG-in-TIFF compression</td>
553 <td>TIFF Technical Note #2</td></tr>
554 <tr>
555 <th scope="row">6</th>
556 <td>ZLib</td>
557 <td>"Deflate/Inflate" compression (see note following this table)</td>
558 <td>Adobe Photoshop® TIFF Technical Notes</td>
559 </tr>
560 <tr>
561 <th scope="row">7</th>
562 <td>PackBits</td>
563 <td>Byte-oriented, run length compression</td>
564 <td>TIFF 6.0 Specification, Section 9</td>
565 </tr>
566 <tr>
567 <th scope="row">8</th>
568 <td>Deflate</td>
569 <td>"Zip-in-TIFF" compression (see note following this table)</td>
570 <td><a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1950">
571 ZLIB Compressed Data Format Specification</a>,
572 <a href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc1951">
573 DEFLATE Compressed Data Format Specification</a></td>
574 </tr>
575 <tr>
576 <th scope="row">9</th>
577 <td>Exif JPEG</td>
578 <td>Exif-specific JPEG compression (see note following this table)</td>
579 <td><a href="http://www.exif.org/Exif2-2.PDF">Exif 2.2 Specification</a>
580 (PDF), section 4.5.5, "Basic Structure of Thumbnail Data"</td>
581 </tbody>
582 </table>
583
584 <p>
585 Old-style JPEG compression as described in section 22 of the TIFF 6.0
586 Specification is <i>not</i> supported.
587 </p>
588
589 <p> The CCITT compression types are applicable to bilevel (1-bit)
590 images only. The JPEG compression type is applicable to byte
591 grayscale (1-band) and RGB (3-band) images only.</p>
592
593 <p>
594 ZLib and Deflate compression are identical except for the value of the
595 TIFF Compression field: for ZLib the Compression field has value 8
596 whereas for Deflate it has value 32946 (0x80b2). In both cases each
597 image segment (strip or tile) is written as a single complete zlib data
598 stream.
599 </p>
600
601 <p>
602 "Exif JPEG" is a compression type used when writing the contents of an
603 APP1 Exif marker segment for inclusion in a JPEG native image metadata
604 tree. The contents appended to the output when this compression type is
605 used are a function of whether an empty or non-empty image is written.
606 If the image is empty, then a TIFF IFD adhering to the specification of
607 a compressed Exif primary IFD is appended. If the image is non-empty,
608 then a complete IFD and image adhering to the specification of a
609 compressed Exif thumbnail IFD and image are appended. Note that the
610 data of the empty image may <i>not</i> later be appended using the pixel
611 replacement capability of the TIFF writer.
612 </p>
613
614 <p> If ZLib/Deflate or JPEG compression is used, the compression quality
615 may be set. For ZLib/Deflate the supplied floating point quality value is
616 rescaled to the range <code>[1, 9]</code> and truncated to an integer
617 to derive the Deflate compression level. For JPEG the floating point
618 quality value is passed directly to the JPEG writer plug-in which
619 interprets it in the usual way.</p>
620
621 <h3><a id="ColorConversionWrite">Color Conversion</a></h3>
622
623 <p>If the source image data
624 color space type is RGB, and the destination photometric type is CIE L*a*b* or
625 YCbCr, then the source image data will be automatically converted from
626 RGB using an internal color converter.</p>
627
628 <h3><a id="ICCProfilesWrite">ICC Profiles</a></h3>
629
630 An <code>ICC Profile</code> field will be written if either:
631 <ul>
632 <li>one is present in the native image metadata
633 <a href="../IIOMetadata.html">IIOMetadata</a> instance supplied to the writer,
634 or</li>
635 <li>the <a href="../../../../java/awt/color/ColorSpace.html">ColorSpace</a>
636 of the destination <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> is an instance of
637 <code>ICC_ColorSpace</code> which is not one of the standard
638 color spaces defined by the <code>CS_*</code> constants in the
639 <code>ColorSpace</code> class. The destination type is set via
640 <code>ImageWriteParam.setDestinationType(ImageTypeSpecifier)</code> and defaults
641 to the <code>ImageTypeSpecifier</code> of the image being written.
642 </li>
643 </ul>
644
645 <h3><a id="MetadataIssuesWrite">Metadata Issues</a></h3>
646
647 Some behavior of the writer is affected by or may affect the contents of
648 the image metadata which may be supplied by the user.
649
650 <p>For bilevel images, the <code>FillOrder</code>, and <code>T4Options</code>
651 fields affect the output data. The data will be filled right-to-left if
652 <code>FillOrder</code> is present with a value of 2
653 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.FILL_ORDER_RIGHT_TO_LEFT</code>)
654 and will be filled left-to-right otherwise. The value of <code>T4Options</code>
655 specifies whether the data should be 1D- or 2D-encoded and whether EOL
656 padding should be used.</p>
657
658 <p>For all images the value of the <code>RowsPerStrip</code> field is used
659 to the set the number of rows per strip if the image is not tiled. The
660 default number of rows per strip is either 8 or the number of rows which
661 would fill no more than 8 kilobytes, whichever is larger.</p>
662
663 <p>For all images the tile dimensions may be set using the <code>TileWidth</code>
664 and <code>TileLength</code> field values if the tiling mode is
665 <code>ImageWriteParam.MODE_COPY_FROM_METADATA</code>. If this mode
666 is set but the fields are not, their respective default values are the image
667 width and height.</p>
668
669 <p>When using JPEG-in-TIFF compression, a <code>JPEGTables</code> field will be
670 written to the IFD and abbreviated JPEG streams to each strip or tile if and
671 only if a <code>JPEGTables</code> field is contained in the metadata object
672 provided to the writer. If the contents of the <code>JPEGTables</code> field is
673 a valid tables-only JPEG stream, then it will be used; otherwise the contents
674 of the field will be replaced with default visually lossless tables. If no
675 such <code>JPEGTables</code> field is present in the metadata, then no
676 <code>JPEGTables</code> field will be written to the output and each strip or
677 tile will be written as a separate, self-contained JPEG stream.</p>
678
679 <p>When using Deflate/ZLib or LZW compression, if the image has 8 bits per
680 sample, a horizontal differencing predictor will be used if the
681 <code>Predictor</code> field is present with a value of 2
682 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.PREDICTOR_HORIZONTAL_DIFFERENCING</code>).
683 If prediction is so requested but the image does not have
684 8 bits per sample the field will be reset to have the value 1
685 (<code>BaselineTIFFTagSet.PREDICTOR_NONE</code>).
686 </p>
687
688 <p>Some fields may be added or modified:
689
690 <ul>
691 <li><code>PhotometricInterpretation</code> if not present.</li>
692 <li><code>PlanarConfiguration</code> if this field is present with value
693 <code>Planar</code> is is reset to <code>Chunky</code>.</li>
694 <li><code>Compression</code> always.</li>
695 <li><code>BitsPerSample</code> if the image is not bilevel.</li>
696 <li><code>SamplesPerPixel</code> always.</li>
697 <li><code>ExtraSamples</code> if an alpha channel is present.</li>
698 <li><code>SampleFormat</code> if not present and the data are 16- or 32-bit
699 integers or floating point.</li>
700 <li><code>ColorMap</code> if the <code>PhotometricInterpretation</code> is
701 <code>RGBPalette</code>.</li>
702 <li><code>ImageWidth</code> and <code>ImageLength</code> always.</li>
703 <li><code>TileWidth</code>, <code>TileLength</code>, <code>TileOffsets</code>, and
704 <code>TileByteCounts</code> if a tiled image is being written.</li>
705 <li><code>RowsPerStrip</code>, <code>StripOffsets</code>, and <code>StripByteCounts</code>
706 if a tiled image is <i>not</i> being written.</li>
707 <li><code>XResolution</code>, <code>YResolution</code>, and <code>ResolutionUnit</code>
708 if none of these is present.</li>
709 <li><code>YCbCrSubsampling</code> and <code>YCbCrPositioning</code> if the
710 photometric interpretation is YCbCr and the compression type is not JPEG
711 (only [1, 1] subsampling and cosited positioning are supported for
712 non-JPEG YCbCr output).</li>
713 <li><code>YCbCrSubsampling</code>, <code>YCbCrPositioning</code>, and
714 <code>ReferenceBlackWhite</code>: if the compression type is JPEG and the color
715 space is RGB these will be reset to [2, 2] centered subsampling with no
716 headroom/footroom (0:255,128:255,128:255).</li>
717 </ul>
718
719 <p>Some fields may be removed:
720
721 <ul>
722 <li><code>BitsPerSample</code> if the image is bilevel.</li>
723 <li><code>ExtraSamples</code> if the image does not have an alpha channel.</li>
724 <li><code>ColorMap</code> if the photometric interpretation is not
725 <code>RGBPalette</code>.</li>
726 <li><code>TileWidth</code>, <code>TileLength</code>, <code>TileOffsets</code>, and
727 <code>TileByteCounts</code> if tiling <i>is not</i> being used.</li>
728 <li><code>RowsPerStrip</code>, <code>StripOffsets</code>, and <code>StripByteCounts</code>
729 if tiling <i>is</i> being used.</li>
730 <li><code>YCbCrSubsampling</code>, <code>YCbCrPositioning</code>, and
731 <code>ReferenceBlackWhite</code> if the compression type is JPEG and the
732 color space is grayscale.</li>
733 <li><code>JPEGProc</code>, <code>JPEGInterchangeFormat</code>,
734 <code>JPEGInterchangeFormatLength</code>, <code>JPEGRestartInterval</code>,
735 <code>JPEGLosslessPredictors</code>, <code>JPEGPointTransforms</code>,
736 <code>JPEGQTables</code>, <code>JPEGDCTables</code>, and
737 <code>JPEGACTables</code> if the compression type is JPEG.</li>
738 </ul>
739
740 <p>Other fields present in the supplied metadata are uninterpreted and will
741 be written as supplied.</p>
742
743 <p>If an Exif image is being written, the set of fields present and their
744 values will be modified such that the result is in accord with the Exif 2.2
745 specification.</p>
746
747 <p>Setting up the image metadata to write to a TIFF stream may be simplified
748 by using the <code>TIFFDirectory</code> class
749 which represents a TIFF IFD. A field in a TIFF IFD is represented by an
750 instance of <a href="../../plugins/tiff/TIFFField.html">TIFFField</a>. For each
751 field to be written a <code>TIFFField</code> may be added to the
752 <code>TIFFDirectory</code> and the latter converted to an
753 <code>IIOMetadata</code> object by invoking
754 <code>TIFFDirectory.getAsMetadata</code>. The
755 <code>IIOMetadata</code> object so obtained may then be passed to the TIFF
756 writer.</p>
757
758 <h4><a id="MapStandardNative"></a>
759 Mapping of the Standard Metadata Format to TIFF Native Image Metadata</h4>
760
761 The derivation of <a href="#ImageMetadata">TIFF native image metadata</a>
762 elements from the standard metadata format
763 <a href="standard_metadata.html">javax_imageio_1.0</a> is
764 given in the following table.
765
766 <table border="1">
767 <thead>
768 <tr>
769 <th scope="col">Index</th>
770 <th scope="col">TIFF Field</th>
771 <th scope="col">Derivation from Standard Metadata Elements</th>
772 </tr>
773 </thead>
774 <tbody>
775 <tr>
776 <th scope="row">1</th>
777 <td>
778 PhotometricInterpretation
779 </td>
780 <td>/Chroma/ColorSpaceType@name: "GRAY" and /Chroma/BlackIsZero@value = "FALSE"
781 => WhiteIsZero; "GRAY" and /Document/SubimageInterpretation@value =
782 "TransparencyMask" => TransparencyMask; "RGB" and /Chroma/Palette present =>
783 PaletteColor; "GRAY" => BlackIsZero; "RGB" => RGB; "YCbCr" => YCbCr;
784 "CMYK" => CMYK; "Lab" => CIELab.</td>
785 </tr>
786 <tr>
787 <th scope="row">2</th>
788 <td>SamplesPerPixel</td>
789 <td>/Chroma/NumChannels@value</td>
790 </tr>
791 <tr>
792 <th scope="row">3</th>
793 <td>ColorMap</td>
794 <td>/Chroma/Palette</td>
795 </tr>
796 <tr>
797 <th scope="row">4</th>
798 <td>Compression</td>
799 <td>/Compression/CompressionTypeName@value: "none" => Uncompressed;
800 "CCITT RLE" => CCITT 1D; "CCITT T.4" => Group 3 Fax; "CCITT T.6" => Group 4
801 Fax; "LZW" => LZW; "Old JPEG" => JPEG; "JPEG" => New JPEG; "ZLib" => ZLib;
802 "PackBits" => PackBits; "Deflate" => Deflate.</td>
803 </tr>
804 <tr>
805 <th scope="row">5</th>
806 <td>PlanarConfiguration</td>
807 <td>/Data/PlanarConfiguration@value: "PixelInterleaved" => Chunky;
808 "PlaneInterleaved" => Planar.</td>
809 </tr>
810 <tr>
811 <th scope="row">6</th>
812 <td>SampleFormat</td>
813 <td>/Data/SampleFormat@value: "SignedIntegral" => two's complement signed
814 integer data; "UnsignedIntegral" => unsigned integer data; "Real" =>
815 IEEE floating point data; "Index" => unsigned integer data.
816 </td>
817 </tr>
818 <tr>
819 <th scope="row">7</th>
820 <td>BitsPerSample</td>
821 <td>/Data/BitsPerSample@value: space-separated list parsed to char array.</td>
822 </tr>
823 <tr>
824 <th scope="row">8</th>
825 <td>FillOrder</td>
826 <td>/Data/SampleMSB@value: if all values in space-separated list are 0s =>
827 right-to-left; otherwise => left-to-right.
828 </td>
829 </tr>
830 <tr>
831 <th scope="row">9</th>
832 <td>XResolution</td>
833 <td>(10 / /Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value) or
834 (10 / (/Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value *
835 /Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value))</td>
836 </tr>
837 <tr>
838 <th scope="row">10</th>
839 <td>YResolution</td>
840 <td>(10 / /Dimension/VerticalPixelSize@value) or
841 (10 / (/Dimension/HorizontalPixelSize@value /
842 /Dimension/PixelAspectRatio@value))</td>
843 </tr>
844 <tr>
845 <th scope="row">11</th>
846 <td>ResolutionUnit</td>
847 <td>Centimeter if XResolution or YResolution set; otherwise None.</td>
848 </tr>
849 <tr>
850 <th scope="row">12</th>
851 <td>Orientation</td>
852 <td>/Dimension/ImageOrientation@value</td>
853 </tr>
854 <tr>
855 <th scope="row">13</th>
856 <td>XPosition</td>
857 <td>/Dimension/HorizontalPosition@value / 10</td>
858 </tr>
859 <tr>
860 <th scope="row">14</th>
861 <td>YPosition</td>
862 <td>/Dimension/VerticalPosition@value / 10</td>
863 </tr>
864 <tr>
865 <th scope="row">15</th>
866 <td>NewSubFileType</td>
867 <td>/Document/SubimageInterpretation@value: "TransparencyMask" =>
868 transparency mask; "ReducedResolution" => reduced-resolution;
869 "SinglePage" => single page.</td>
870 </tr>
871 <tr>
872 <th scope="row">16</th>
873 <td>DateTime</td>
874 <td>/Document/ImageCreationTime@value</td>
875 </tr>
876 <tr>
877 <th scope="row">17</th>
878 <td>DocumentName, ImageDescription, Make, Model, PageName, Software,
879 Artist, HostComputer, InkNames, Copyright</td>
880 <td>/Text/TextEntry: if /Text/TextEntry@keyword is the name of any of the
881 TIFF Fields, e.g., "Software", then the field is added with content
882 /Text/TextEntry@value and count 1.</td>
883 </tr>
884 <tr>
885 <th scope="row">18</th>
886 <td>ExtraSamples</td>
887 <td>/Transparency/Alpha@value: "premultiplied" => associated alpha, count 1;
888 "nonpremultiplied" => unassociated alpha, count 1.</td>
889 </tr>
890 </tbody>
891 </table>
892
893 <h3><a id="ExifWrite">Writing Exif Images</a></h3>
894
895 The TIFF writer may be used to write an uncompressed Exif image or the
896 contents of the <code>APP1</code> marker segment of a compressed Exif image.
897
898 <h4><a id="ExifWriteTIFF">Writing Uncompressed Exif Images</a></h4>
899
900 When writing a sequence of images each image is normally recorded as
901 {IFD, IFD Value, Image Data}. The Exif specification requires
902 that an uncompressed Exif image be structured as follows:
903
904 <a id="ExifStructure"></a>
905 <ol>
906 <li>Image File Header</li>
907 <li>Primary IFD</li>
908 <li>Primary IFD Value</li>
909 <li>Thumbnail IFD</li>
910 <li>Thumbnail IFD Value</li>
911 <li>Thumbnail Image Data</li>
912 <li>Primary Image Data</li>
913 </ol>
914
915 To meet the requirement of the primary image data being recorded last, the
916 primary image must be written initially as an empty image and have its data
917 added via pixel replacement after the thumbnail IFD and image data have been
918 written:
919
920 <pre><code>
921 ImageWriter tiffWriter;
922 ImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam;
923 IIOMetadata tiffStreamMetadata;
924 IIOMetadata primaryIFD;
925 BufferedImage image;
926 BufferedImage thumbnail;
927
928 // Specify uncompressed output.
929 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_DISABLED);
930
931 if (thumbnail != null) {
932 // Write the TIFF header.
933 tiffWriter.prepareWriteSequence(tiffStreamMetadata);
934
935 // Append the primary IFD.
936 tiffWriter.prepareInsertEmpty(-1, // append
937 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
938 image.getWidth(),
939 image.getHeight(),
940 primaryIFD,
941 null, // thumbnails
942 tiffWriteParam);
943 tiffWriter.endInsertEmpty();
944
945 // Append the thumbnail image data.
946 tiffWriter.writeToSequence(new IIOImage(thumbnail, null, null),
947 tiffWriteParam);
948
949 // Insert the primary image data.
950 tiffWriter.prepareReplacePixels(0, new Rectangle(image.getWidth(),
951 image.getHeight()));
952 tiffWriter.replacePixels(image, tiffWriteParam);
953 tiffWriter.endReplacePixels();
954
955 // End writing.
956 tiffWriter.endWriteSequence();
957 } else {
958 // Write only the primary IFD and image data.
959 tiffWriter.write(tiffStreamMetadata,
960 new IIOImage(image, null, primaryIFD),
961 tiffWriteParam);
962 }
963 </code></pre>
964
965 <h4><a id="ExifWriteJPEG">Writing Compressed Exif Images</a></h4>
966
967 The structure of the embedded TIFF stream in the <code>APP1</code> segment of a
968 compressed Exif image is identical to the <a href="#ExifStructure">
969 uncompressed Exif image structure</a> except that there are no primary
970 image data, i.e., the primary IFD does not refer to any image data.
971
972 <pre><code>
973 ImageWriter tiffWriter;
974 ImageWriteParam tiffWriteParam;
975 IIOMetadata tiffStreamMetadata;
976 BufferedImage image;
977 BufferedImage thumbnail;
978 IIOMetadata primaryIFD;
979 ImageOutputStream output;
980
981 // Set up an output to contain the APP1 Exif TIFF stream.
982 ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
983 MemoryCacheImageOutputStream app1ExifOutput =
984 new MemoryCacheImageOutputStream(baos);
985 tiffWriter.setOutput(app1ExifOutput);
986
987 // Set compression for the thumbnail.
988 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionMode(ImageWriteParam.MODE_EXPLICIT);
989 tiffWriteParam.setCompressionType("Exif JPEG");
990
991 // Write the APP1 Exif TIFF stream.
992 if (thumbnail != null) {
993 // Write the TIFF header.
994 tiffWriter.prepareWriteSequence(tiffStreamMetadata);
995
996 // Append the primary IFD.
997 tiffWriter.prepareInsertEmpty(-1, // append
998 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
999 image.getWidth(),
1000 image.getHeight(),
1001 primaryIFD,
1002 null, // thumbnails
1003 tiffWriteParam);
1004 tiffWriter.endInsertEmpty();
1005
1006 // Append the thumbnail IFD and image data.
1007 tiffWriter.writeToSequence(new IIOImage(thumbnail, null,
1008 null), tiffWriteParam);
1009
1010 // End writing.
1011 tiffWriter.endWriteSequence();
1012 } else {
1013 // Write only the primary IFD.
1014 tiffWriter.prepareWriteEmpty(tiffStreamMetadata,
1015 new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
1016 image.getWidth(),
1017 image.getHeight(),
1018 primaryIFD,
1019 null, // thumbnails
1020 tiffWriteParam);
1021 tiffWriter.endWriteEmpty();
1022 }
1023
1024 // Flush data into byte stream.
1025 app1ExifOutput.flush();
1026
1027 // Create APP1 parameter array.
1028 byte[] app1Parameters = new byte[6 + baos.size()];
1029
1030 // Add APP1 Exif ID bytes.
1031 app1Parameters[0] = (byte) 'E';
1032 app1Parameters[1] = (byte) 'x';
1033 app1Parameters[2] = (byte) 'i';
1034 app1Parameters[3] = (byte) 'f';
1035 app1Parameters[4] = app1Parameters[5] = (byte) 0;
1036
1037 // Append TIFF stream to APP1 parameters.
1038 System.arraycopy(baos.toByteArray(), 0, app1Parameters, 6, baos.size());
1039
1040 // Create the APP1 Exif node to be added to native JPEG image metadata.
1041 IIOMetadataNode app1Node = new IIOMetadataNode("unknown");
1042 app1Node.setAttribute("MarkerTag", String.valueOf(0xE1));
1043 app1Node.setUserObject(app1Parameters);
1044
1045 // Append the APP1 Exif marker to the "markerSequence" node.
1046 IIOMetadata jpegImageMetadata =
1047 jpegWriter.getDefaultImageMetadata(new ImageTypeSpecifier(image),
1048 jpegWriteParam);
1049 String nativeFormat = jpegImageMetadata.getNativeMetadataFormatName();
1050 Node tree = jpegImageMetadata.getAsTree(nativeFormat);
1051 NodeList children = tree.getChildNodes();
1052 int numChildren = children.getLength();
1053 for (int i = 0; i < numChildren; i++) {
1054 Node child = children.item(i);
1055 if (child.getNodeName().equals("markerSequence")) {
1056 child.appendChild(app1Node);
1057 break;
1058 }
1059 }
1060 jpegImageMetadata.setFromTree(nativeFormat, tree);
1061
1062 // Write the JPEG image data including the APP1 Exif marker.
1063 jpegWriter.setOutput(output);
1064 jpegWriter.write(new IIOImage(image, null, jpegImageMetadata));
1065 </code></pre>
1066
1067 The <code>"unknown"</code> node created above would be appended to the
1068 <code>"markerSequence"</code> node of the native JPEG image metadata
1069 and written to the JPEG stream when the primary image is written using
1070 the JPEG writer.
1071
1072 <h2><a id="StreamMetadata">Stream Metadata</a></h2>
1073
1074 The DTD for the TIFF native stream metadata format is as follows:
1075
1076 <pre>
1077 <!DOCTYPE "javax_imageio_tiff_stream_1.0" [
1078
1079 <!ELEMENT "javax_imageio_tiff_stream_1.0" (ByteOrder)>
1080
1081 <!ELEMENT "ByteOrder" EMPTY>
1082 <!-- The stream byte order -->
1083 <!ATTLIST "ByteOrder" "value" #CDATA #REQUIRED>
1084 <!-- One of "BIG_ENDIAN" or "LITTLE_ENDIAN" -->
1085 <!-- Data type: String -->
1086 ]>
1087 </pre>
1088
1089 <h2><a id="ImageMetadata">Image Metadata</a></h2>
1090
1091 The DTD for the TIFF native image metadata format is as follows:
1092
1093 <pre>
1094 <!DOCTYPE "javax_imageio_tiff_image_1.0" [
1095
1096 <!ELEMENT "javax_imageio_tiff_image_1.0" (TIFFIFD)*>
1097
1098 <!ELEMENT "TIFFIFD" (TIFFField | TIFFIFD)*>
1099 <!-- An IFD (directory) containing fields -->
1100 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "tagSets" #CDATA #REQUIRED>
1101 <!-- Data type: String -->
1102 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "parentTagNumber" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1103 <!-- The tag number of the field pointing to this IFD -->
1104 <!-- Data type: Integer -->
1105 <!ATTLIST "TIFFIFD" "parentTagName" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1106 <!-- A mnemonic name for the field pointing to this IFD, if known
1107 -->
1108 <!-- Data type: String -->
1109
1110 <!ELEMENT "TIFFField" (TIFFBytes | TIFFAsciis |
1111 TIFFShorts | TIFFSShorts | TIFFLongs | TIFFSLongs |
1112 TIFFRationals | TIFFSRationals |
1113 TIFFFloats | TIFFDoubles | TIFFUndefined)>
1114 <!-- A field containing data -->
1115 <!ATTLIST "TIFFField" "number" #CDATA #REQUIRED>
1116 <!-- The tag number asociated with the field -->
1117 <!-- Data type: String -->
1118 <!ATTLIST "TIFFField" "name" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1119 <!-- A mnemonic name associated with the field, if known -->
1120 <!-- Data type: String -->
1121
1122 <!ELEMENT "TIFFBytes" (TIFFByte)*>
1123 <!-- A sequence of TIFFByte nodes -->
1124
1125 <!ELEMENT "TIFFByte" EMPTY>
1126 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 255 -->
1127 <!ATTLIST "TIFFByte" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1128 <!-- The value -->
1129 <!-- Data type: String -->
1130 <!ATTLIST "TIFFByte" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1131 <!-- A description, if available -->
1132 <!-- Data type: String -->
1133
1134 <!ELEMENT "TIFFAsciis" (TIFFAscii)*>
1135 <!-- A sequence of TIFFAscii nodes -->
1136
1137 <!ELEMENT "TIFFAscii" EMPTY>
1138 <!-- A String value -->
1139 <!ATTLIST "TIFFAscii" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1140 <!-- The value -->
1141 <!-- Data type: String -->
1142
1143 <!ELEMENT "TIFFShorts" (TIFFShort)*>
1144 <!-- A sequence of TIFFShort nodes -->
1145
1146 <!ELEMENT "TIFFShort" EMPTY>
1147 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 65535 -->
1148 <!ATTLIST "TIFFShort" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1149 <!-- The value -->
1150 <!-- Data type: String -->
1151 <!ATTLIST "TIFFShort" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1152 <!-- A description, if available -->
1153 <!-- Data type: String -->
1154
1155 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSShorts" (TIFFSShort)*>
1156 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSShort nodes -->
1157
1158 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSShort" EMPTY>
1159 <!-- An integral value between -32768 and 32767 -->
1160 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSShort" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1161 <!-- The value -->
1162 <!-- Data type: String -->
1163 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSShort" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1164 <!-- A description, if available -->
1165 <!-- Data type: String -->
1166
1167 <!ELEMENT "TIFFLongs" (TIFFLong)*>
1168 <!-- A sequence of TIFFLong nodes -->
1169
1170 <!ELEMENT "TIFFLong" EMPTY>
1171 <!-- An integral value between 0 and 4294967295 -->
1172 <!ATTLIST "TIFFLong" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1173 <!-- The value -->
1174 <!-- Data type: String -->
1175 <!ATTLIST "TIFFLong" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1176 <!-- A description, if available -->
1177 <!-- Data type: String -->
1178
1179 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSLongs" (TIFFSLong)*>
1180 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSLong nodes -->
1181
1182 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSLong" EMPTY>
1183 <!-- An integral value between -2147483648 and 2147482647 -->
1184 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSLong" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1185 <!-- The value -->
1186 <!-- Data type: String -->
1187 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSLong" "description" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1188 <!-- A description, if available -->
1189 <!-- Data type: String -->
1190
1191 <!ELEMENT "TIFFRationals" (TIFFRational)*>
1192 <!-- A sequence of TIFFRational nodes -->
1193
1194 <!ELEMENT "TIFFRational" EMPTY>
1195 <!-- A rational value consisting of an unsigned numerator and
1196 denominator -->
1197 <!ATTLIST "TIFFRational" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1198 <!-- The numerator and denominator, separated by a slash -->
1199 <!-- Data type: String -->
1200
1201 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSRationals" (TIFFSRational)*>
1202 <!-- A sequence of TIFFSRational nodes -->
1203
1204 <!ELEMENT "TIFFSRational" EMPTY>
1205 <!-- A rational value consisting of a signed numerator and
1206 denominator -->
1207 <!ATTLIST "TIFFSRational" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1208 <!-- The numerator and denominator, separated by a slash -->
1209 <!-- Data type: String -->
1210
1211 <!ELEMENT "TIFFFloats" (TIFFFloat)*>
1212 <!-- A sequence of TIFFFloat nodes -->
1213
1214 <!ELEMENT "TIFFFloat" EMPTY>
1215 <!-- A single-precision floating-point value -->
1216 <!ATTLIST "TIFFFloat" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1217 <!-- The value -->
1218 <!-- Data type: String -->
1219
1220 <!ELEMENT "TIFFDoubles" (TIFFDouble)*>
1221 <!-- A sequence of TIFFDouble nodes -->
1222
1223 <!ELEMENT "TIFFDouble" EMPTY>
1224 <!-- A double-precision floating-point value -->
1225 <!ATTLIST "TIFFDouble" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1226 <!-- The value -->
1227 <!-- Data type: String -->
1228
1229 <!ELEMENT "TIFFUndefined" EMPTY>
1230 <!-- Uninterpreted byte data -->
1231 <!ATTLIST "TIFFUndefined" "value" #CDATA #IMPLIED>
1232 <!-- A list of comma-separated byte values -->
1233 <!-- Data type: String -->
1234 ]>
1235 </pre>
1236
1237 @since 9
1238 </main>
1239 </body>
1240 </html>