1 <html>
   2   <head>
   3     <title>OpenJDK Build README</title>
   4   </head>
   5   <body>
   6 <p><img src="http://openjdk.java.net/images/openjdk.png" alt="OpenJDK" title="" /></p>
   7 
   8 <h1>OpenJDK Build README</h1>
   9 
  10 <hr />
  11 
  12 <p><a name="introduction"></a></p>
  13 
  14 <h2>Introduction</h2>
  15 
  16 <p>This README file contains build instructions for the
  17 <a href="http://openjdk.java.net">OpenJDK</a>. Building the source code for the OpenJDK
  18 requires a certain degree of technical expertise.</p>
  19 
  20 <h3>!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! THIS IS A MAJOR RE-WRITE of this document. !!!!!!!!!!!!!</h3>
  21 
  22 <p>Some Headlines:</p>
  23 
  24 <ul>
  25 <li>The build is now a "<code>configure &amp;&amp; make</code>" style build</li>
  26 <li>Any GNU make 3.81 or newer should work, except on Windows where 4.0 or newer
  27 is recommended.</li>
  28 <li>The build should scale, i.e. more processors should cause the build to be
  29 done in less wall-clock time</li>
  30 <li>Nested or recursive make invocations have been significantly reduced,
  31 as has the total fork/exec or spawning of sub processes during the build</li>
  32 <li>Windows MKS usage is no longer supported</li>
  33 <li>Windows Visual Studio <code>vsvars*.bat</code> and <code>vcvars*.bat</code> files are run
  34 automatically</li>
  35 <li>Ant is no longer used when building the OpenJDK</li>
  36 <li>Use of ALT_* environment variables for configuring the build is no longer
  37 supported</li>
  38 </ul>
  39 
  40 <hr />
  41 
  42 <h2>Contents</h2>
  43 
  44 <ul>
  45 <li><a href="#introduction">Introduction</a></li>
  46 <li><a href="#hg">Use of Mercurial</a>
  47 <ul>
  48 <li><a href="#get_source">Getting the Source</a></li>
  49 <li><a href="#repositories">Repositories</a></li>
  50 </ul></li>
  51 <li><a href="#building">Building</a>
  52 <ul>
  53 <li><a href="#setup">System Setup</a>
  54 <ul>
  55 <li><a href="#linux">Linux</a></li>
  56 <li><a href="#solaris">Solaris</a></li>
  57 <li><a href="#macosx">Mac OS X</a></li>
  58 <li><a href="#windows">Windows</a></li>
  59 </ul></li>
  60 <li><a href="#configure">Configure</a></li>
  61 <li><a href="#make">Make</a></li>
  62 </ul></li>
  63 <li><a href="#testing">Testing</a></li>
  64 </ul>
  65 
  66 <hr />
  67 
  68 <ul>
  69 <li><a href="#hints">Appendix A: Hints and Tips</a>
  70 <ul>
  71 <li><a href="#faq">FAQ</a></li>
  72 <li><a href="#performance">Build Performance Tips</a></li>
  73 <li><a href="#troubleshooting">Troubleshooting</a></li>
  74 </ul></li>
  75 <li><a href="#gmake">Appendix B: GNU Make Information</a></li>
  76 <li><a href="#buildenvironments">Appendix C: Build Environments</a></li>
  77 </ul>
  78 
  79 <hr />
  80 
  81 <p><a name="hg"></a></p>
  82 
  83 <h2>Use of Mercurial</h2>
  84 
  85 <p>The OpenJDK sources are maintained with the revision control system
  86 <a href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/Mercurial">Mercurial</a>. If you are new to
  87 Mercurial, please see the <a href="http://mercurial.selenic.com/wiki/
  88 BeginnersGuides">Beginner Guides</a> or refer to the <a href="http://hgbook.red-bean.com/">Mercurial Book</a>.
  89 The first few chapters of the book provide an excellent overview of Mercurial,
  90 what it is and how it works.</p>
  91 
  92 <p>For using Mercurial with the OpenJDK refer to the <a href="http://openjdk.java.net/guide/
  93 repositories.html#installConfig">Developer Guide: Installing
  94 and Configuring Mercurial</a> section for more information.</p>
  95 
  96 <p><a name="get_source"></a></p>
  97 
  98 <h3>Getting the Source</h3>
  99 
 100 <p>To get the entire set of OpenJDK Mercurial repositories use the script
 101 <code>get_source.sh</code> located in the root repository:</p>
 102 
 103 <pre><code>  hg clone http://hg.openjdk.java.net/jdk9/jdk9 YourOpenJDK
 104   cd YourOpenJDK
 105   bash ./get_source.sh
 106 </code></pre>
 107 
 108 <p>Once you have all the repositories, keep in mind that each repository is its
 109 own independent repository. You can also re-run <code>./get_source.sh</code> anytime to
 110 pull over all the latest changesets in all the repositories. This set of
 111 nested repositories has been given the term "forest" and there are various
 112 ways to apply the same <code>hg</code> command to each of the repositories. For
 113 example, the script <code>make/scripts/hgforest.sh</code> can be used to repeat the
 114 same <code>hg</code> command on every repository, e.g.</p>
 115 
 116 <pre><code>  cd YourOpenJDK
 117   bash ./make/scripts/hgforest.sh status
 118 </code></pre>
 119 
 120 <p><a name="repositories"></a></p>
 121 
 122 <h3>Repositories</h3>
 123 
 124 <p>The set of repositories and what they contain:</p>
 125 
 126 <ul>
 127 <li><strong>. (root)</strong> contains common configure and makefile logic</li>
 128 <li><strong>hotspot</strong> contains source code and make files for building the OpenJDK
 129 Hotspot Virtual Machine</li>
 130 <li><strong>langtools</strong> contains source code for the OpenJDK javac and language tools</li>
 131 <li><strong>jdk</strong> contains source code and make files for building the OpenJDK runtime
 132 libraries and misc files</li>
 133 <li><strong>jaxp</strong> contains source code for the OpenJDK JAXP functionality</li>
 134 <li><strong>jaxws</strong> contains source code for the OpenJDK JAX-WS functionality</li>
 135 <li><strong>corba</strong> contains source code for the OpenJDK Corba functionality</li>
 136 <li><strong>nashorn</strong> contains source code for the OpenJDK JavaScript implementation</li>
 137 </ul>
 138 
 139 <h3>Repository Source Guidelines</h3>
 140 
 141 <p>There are some very basic guidelines:</p>
 142 
 143 <ul>
 144 <li>Use of whitespace in source files (.java, .c, .h, .cpp, and .hpp files) is
 145 restricted. No TABs, no trailing whitespace on lines, and files should not
 146 terminate in more than one blank line.</li>
 147 <li>Files with execute permissions should not be added to the source
 148 repositories.</li>
 149 <li>All generated files need to be kept isolated from the files maintained or
 150 managed by the source control system. The standard area for generated files
 151 is the top level <code>build/</code> directory.</li>
 152 <li>The default build process should be to build the product and nothing else,
 153 in one form, e.g. a product (optimized), debug (non-optimized, -g plus
 154 assert logic), or fastdebug (optimized, -g plus assert logic).</li>
 155 <li>The <code>.hgignore</code> file in each repository must exist and should include
 156 <code>^build/</code>, <code>^dist/</code> and optionally any <code>nbproject/private</code> directories. <strong>It
 157 should NEVER</strong> include anything in the <code>src/</code> or <code>test/</code> or any managed
 158 directory area of a repository.</li>
 159 <li>Directory names and file names should never contain blanks or non-printing
 160 characters.</li>
 161 <li>Generated source or binary files should NEVER be added to the repository
 162 (that includes <code>javah</code> output). There are some exceptions to this rule, in
 163 particular with some of the generated configure scripts.</li>
 164 <li>Files not needed for typical building or testing of the repository should
 165 not be added to the repository.</li>
 166 </ul>
 167 
 168 <hr />
 169 
 170 <p><a name="building"></a></p>
 171 
 172 <h2>Building</h2>
 173 
 174 <p>The very first step in building the OpenJDK is making sure the system itself
 175 has everything it needs to do OpenJDK builds. Once a system is setup, it
 176 generally doesn't need to be done again.</p>
 177 
 178 <p>Building the OpenJDK is now done with running a <code>configure</code> script which will
 179 try and find and verify you have everything you need, followed by running
 180 <code>make</code>, e.g.</p>
 181 
 182 <blockquote>
 183   <p><strong><code>bash ./configure</code></strong> <br />
 184  <strong><code>make all</code></strong></p>
 185 </blockquote>
 186 
 187 <p>Where possible the <code>configure</code> script will attempt to located the various
 188 components in the default locations or via component specific variable
 189 settings. When the normal defaults fail or components cannot be found,
 190 additional <code>configure</code> options may be necessary to help <code>configure</code> find the
 191 necessary tools for the build, or you may need to re-visit the setup of your
 192 system due to missing software packages.</p>
 193 
 194 <p><strong>NOTE:</strong> The <code>configure</code> script file does not have execute permissions and
 195 will need to be explicitly run with <code>bash</code>, see the source guidelines.</p>
 196 
 197 <hr />
 198 
 199 <p><a name="setup"></a></p>
 200 
 201 <h3>System Setup</h3>
 202 
 203 <p>Before even attempting to use a system to build the OpenJDK there are some very
 204 basic system setups needed. For all systems:</p>
 205 
 206 <ul>
 207 <li><p>Be sure the GNU make utility is version 3.81 (4.0 on windows) or newer, e.g.
 208 run "<code>make -version</code>"</p>
 209 
 210 <p><a name="bootjdk"></a></p></li>
 211 <li><p>Install a Bootstrap JDK. All OpenJDK builds require access to a previously
 212 released JDK called the <em>bootstrap JDK</em> or <em>boot JDK.</em> The general rule is
 213 that the bootstrap JDK must be an instance of the previous major release of
 214 the JDK. In addition, there may be a requirement to use a release at or
 215 beyond a particular update level.</p>
 216 
 217 <p><strong><em>Building JDK 9 requires JDK 8. JDK 9 developers should not use JDK 9 as
 218 the boot JDK, to ensure that JDK 9 dependencies are not introduced into the
 219 parts of the system that are built with JDK 8.</em></strong></p>
 220 
 221 <p>The JDK 8 binaries can be downloaded from Oracle's <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html">JDK 8 download
 222 site</a>.
 223 For build performance reasons it is very important that this bootstrap JDK
 224 be made available on the local disk of the machine doing the build. You
 225 should add its <code>bin</code> directory to the <code>PATH</code> environment variable. If
 226 <code>configure</code> has any issues finding this JDK, you may need to use the
 227 <code>configure</code> option <code>--with-boot-jdk</code>.</p></li>
 228 <li><p>Ensure that GNU make, the Bootstrap JDK, and the compilers are all in your
 229 PATH environment variable.</p></li>
 230 </ul>
 231 
 232 <p>And for specific systems:</p>
 233 
 234 <ul>
 235 <li><p><strong>Linux</strong></p>
 236 
 237 <p>Install all the software development packages needed including
 238 <a href="#alsa">alsa</a>, <a href="#freetype">freetype</a>, <a href="#cups">cups</a>, and
 239 <a href="#xrender">xrender</a>. See <a href="#SDBE">specific system packages</a>.</p></li>
 240 <li><p><strong>Solaris</strong></p>
 241 
 242 <p>Install all the software development packages needed including <a href="#studio">Studio
 243 Compilers</a>, <a href="#freetype">freetype</a>, <a href="#cups">cups</a>, and
 244 <a href="#xrender">xrender</a>. See <a href="#SDBE">specific system packages</a>.</p></li>
 245 <li><p><strong>Windows</strong></p>
 246 
 247 <ul>
 248 <li>Install one of <a href="#cygwin">CYGWIN</a> or <a href="#msys">MinGW/MSYS</a></li>
 249 <li>Install <a href="#vs2013">Visual Studio 2013</a></li>
 250 </ul></li>
 251 <li><p><strong>Mac OS X</strong></p>
 252 
 253 <p>Install <a href="https://developer.apple.com/xcode/">XCode 6.3</a></p></li>
 254 </ul>
 255 
 256 <p><a name="linux"></a></p>
 257 
 258 <h4>Linux</h4>
 259 
 260 <p>With Linux, try and favor the system packages over building your own or getting
 261 packages from other areas. Most Linux builds should be possible with the
 262 system's available packages.</p>
 263 
 264 <p>Note that some Linux systems have a habit of pre-populating your environment
 265 variables for you, for example <code>JAVA_HOME</code> might get pre-defined for you to
 266 refer to the JDK installed on your Linux system. You will need to unset
 267 <code>JAVA_HOME</code>. It's a good idea to run <code>env</code> and verify the environment variables
 268 you are getting from the default system settings make sense for building the
 269 OpenJDK.</p>
 270 
 271 <p><a name="solaris"></a></p>
 272 
 273 <h4>Solaris</h4>
 274 
 275 <p><a name="studio"></a></p>
 276 
 277 <h5>Studio Compilers</h5>
 278 
 279 <p>At a minimum, the <a href="http://www.oracle.com/
 280 technetwork/server-storage/solarisstudio/downloads/index.htm">Studio 12 Update 4 Compilers</a> (containing
 281 version 5.13 of the C and C++ compilers) is required, including specific
 282 patches.</p>
 283 
 284 <p>The Solaris Studio installation should contain at least these packages:</p>
 285 
 286 <blockquote>
 287   <p><table border="1">
 288      <thead>
 289        <tr>
 290          <td><strong>Package</strong></td>
 291          <td><strong>Version</strong></td>
 292        </tr>
 293      </thead>
 294      <tbody>
 295        <tr>
 296          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/backend</td>
 297          <td>12.4-1.0.6.0</td>
 298        </tr>
 299        <tr>
 300          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/c++</td>
 301          <td>12.4-1.0.10.0</td>
 302        </tr>
 303        <tr>
 304          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/cc</td>
 305          <td>12.4-1.0.4.0</td>
 306        </tr>
 307        <tr>
 308          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/library/c++-libs</td>
 309          <td>12.4-1.0.10.0</td>
 310        </tr>
 311        <tr>
 312          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/library/math-libs</td>
 313          <td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 314        </tr>
 315        <tr>
 316          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/library/studio-gccrt</td>
 317          <td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 318        </tr>
 319        <tr>
 320          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-common</td>
 321          <td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 322        </tr>
 323        <tr>
 324          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-ja</td>
 325          <td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 326        </tr>
 327        <tr>
 328          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-legal</td>
 329          <td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 330        </tr>
 331        <tr>
 332          <td>developer/solarisstudio-124/studio-zhCN</td>
 333          <td>12.4-1.0.0.1</td>
 334        </tr>
 335      </tbody>
 336    </table></p>
 337 </blockquote>
 338 
 339 <p>In particular backend 12.4-1.0.6.0 contains a critical patch for the sparc
 340 version.</p>
 341 
 342 <p>Place the <code>bin</code> directory in <code>PATH</code>.</p>
 343 
 344 <p>The Oracle Solaris Studio Express compilers at: <a href="http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/server-storage/solarisstudio/
 345 downloads/index-jsp-142582.html">Oracle Solaris Studio Express
 346 Download site</a> are also an option, although these compilers
 347 have not been extensively used yet.</p>
 348 
 349 <p><a name="windows"></a></p>
 350 
 351 <h4>Windows</h4>
 352 
 353 <h5>Windows Unix Toolkit</h5>
 354 
 355 <p>Building on Windows requires a Unix-like environment, notably a Unix-like
 356 shell. There are several such environments available of which
 357 <a href="http://www.cygwin.com/">Cygwin</a> and
 358 <a href="http://www.mingw.org/wiki/MSYS">MinGW/MSYS</a> are currently supported for the
 359 OpenJDK build. One of the differences of these systems from standard Windows
 360 tools is the way they handle Windows path names, particularly path names which
 361 contain spaces, backslashes as path separators and possibly drive letters.
 362 Depending on the use case and the specifics of each environment these path
 363 problems can be solved by a combination of quoting whole paths, translating
 364 backslashes to forward slashes, escaping backslashes with additional
 365 backslashes and translating the path names to their <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/8.3_filename">"8.3"
 366 version</a>.</p>
 367 
 368 <p><a name="cygwin"></a></p>
 369 
 370 <h6>CYGWIN</h6>
 371 
 372 <p>CYGWIN is an open source, Linux-like environment which tries to emulate a
 373 complete POSIX layer on Windows. It tries to be smart about path names and can
 374 usually handle all kinds of paths if they are correctly quoted or escaped
 375 although internally it maps drive letters <code>&lt;drive&gt;:</code> to a virtual directory
 376 <code>/cygdrive/&lt;drive&gt;</code>.</p>
 377 
 378 <p>You can always use the <code>cygpath</code> utility to map pathnames with spaces or the
 379 backslash character into the <code>C:/</code> style of pathname (called 'mixed'), e.g.
 380 <code>cygpath -s -m "&lt;path&gt;"</code>.</p>
 381 
 382 <p>Note that the use of CYGWIN creates a unique problem with regards to setting
 383 <a href="#path"><code>PATH</code></a>. Normally on Windows the <code>PATH</code> variable contains directories
 384 separated with the ";" character (Solaris and Linux use ":"). With CYGWIN, it
 385 uses ":", but that means that paths like "C:/path" cannot be placed in the
 386 CYGWIN version of <code>PATH</code> and instead CYGWIN uses something like
 387 <code>/cygdrive/c/path</code> which CYGWIN understands, but only CYGWIN understands.</p>
 388 
 389 <p>The OpenJDK build requires CYGWIN version 1.7.16 or newer. Information about
 390 CYGWIN can be obtained from the CYGWIN website at
 391 <a href="http://www.cygwin.com">www.cygwin.com</a>.</p>
 392 
 393 <p>By default CYGWIN doesn't install all the tools required for building the
 394 OpenJDK. Along with the default installation, you need to install the following
 395 tools.</p>
 396 
 397 <blockquote>
 398   <p><table border="1">
 399      <thead>
 400        <tr>
 401          <td>Binary Name</td>
 402          <td>Category</td>
 403          <td>Package</td>
 404          <td>Description</td>
 405       </tr>
 406      </thead>
 407      <tbody>
 408        <tr>
 409          <td>ar.exe</td>
 410          <td>Devel</td>
 411          <td>binutils</td>
 412          <td>The GNU assembler, linker and binary utilities</td>
 413        </tr>
 414        <tr>
 415          <td>make.exe</td>
 416          <td>Devel</td>
 417          <td>make</td>
 418          <td>The GNU version of the 'make' utility built for CYGWIN</td>
 419        </tr>
 420        <tr>
 421          <td>m4.exe</td>
 422          <td>Interpreters</td>
 423          <td>m4</td>
 424          <td>GNU implementation of the traditional Unix macro processor</td>
 425        </tr>
 426        <tr>
 427          <td>cpio.exe</td>
 428          <td>Utils</td>
 429          <td>cpio</td>
 430          <td>A program to manage archives of files</td>
 431        </tr>
 432        <tr>
 433          <td>gawk.exe</td>
 434          <td>Utils</td>
 435          <td>awk</td>
 436          <td>Pattern-directed scanning and processing language</td>
 437        </tr>
 438        <tr>
 439          <td>file.exe</td>
 440          <td>Utils</td>
 441          <td>file</td>
 442          <td>Determines file type using 'magic' numbers</td>
 443        </tr>
 444        <tr>
 445          <td>zip.exe</td>
 446          <td>Archive</td>
 447          <td>zip</td>
 448          <td>Package and compress (archive) files</td>
 449        </tr>
 450        <tr>
 451          <td>unzip.exe</td>
 452          <td>Archive</td>
 453          <td>unzip</td>
 454          <td>Extract compressed files in a ZIP archive</td>
 455        </tr>
 456        <tr>
 457          <td>free.exe</td>
 458          <td>System</td>
 459          <td>procps</td>
 460          <td>Display amount of free and used memory in the system</td>
 461        </tr>
 462      </tbody>
 463    </table></p>
 464 </blockquote>
 465 
 466 <p>Note that the CYGWIN software can conflict with other non-CYGWIN software on
 467 your Windows system. CYGWIN provides a <a href="http://cygwin.com/faq/
 468 faq.using.html">FAQ</a> for known issues and problems, of particular interest is the
 469 section on <a href="http://cygwin.com/faq/faq.using.html#faq.using.bloda">BLODA (applications that interfere with
 470 CYGWIN)</a>.</p>
 471 
 472 <p><a name="msys"></a></p>
 473 
 474 <h6>MinGW/MSYS</h6>
 475 
 476 <p>MinGW ("Minimalist GNU for Windows") is a collection of free Windows specific
 477 header files and import libraries combined with GNU toolsets that allow one to
 478 produce native Windows programs that do not rely on any 3rd-party C runtime
 479 DLLs. MSYS is a supplement to MinGW which allows building applications and
 480 programs which rely on traditional UNIX tools to be present. Among others this
 481 includes tools like <code>bash</code> and <code>make</code>. See <a href="http://www.mingw.org/
 482 wiki/MSYS">MinGW/MSYS</a> for more information.</p>
 483 
 484 <p>Like Cygwin, MinGW/MSYS can handle different types of path formats. They are
 485 internally converted to paths with forward slashes and drive letters
 486 <code>&lt;drive&gt;:</code> replaced by a virtual directory <code>/&lt;drive&gt;</code>. Additionally, MSYS
 487 automatically detects binaries compiled for the MSYS environment and feeds them
 488 with the internal, Unix-style path names. If native Windows applications are
 489 called from within MSYS programs their path arguments are automatically
 490 converted back to Windows style path names with drive letters and backslashes
 491 as path separators. This may cause problems for Windows applications which use
 492 forward slashes as parameter separator (e.g. <code>cl /nologo /I</code>) because MSYS may
 493 wrongly <a href="http://mingw.org/wiki/
 494 Posix_path_conversion">replace such parameters by drive letters</a>.</p>
 495 
 496 <p>In addition to the tools which will be installed by default, you have to
 497 manually install the <code>msys-zip</code> and <code>msys-unzip</code> packages. This can be easily
 498 done with the MinGW command line installer:</p>
 499 
 500 <pre><code>  mingw-get.exe install msys-zip
 501   mingw-get.exe install msys-unzip
 502 </code></pre>
 503 
 504 <p><a name="vs2013"></a></p>
 505 
 506 <h5>Visual Studio 2013 Compilers</h5>
 507 
 508 <p>The 32-bit and 64-bit OpenJDK Windows build requires Microsoft Visual Studio
 509 C++ 2013 (VS2013) Professional Edition or Express compiler. The compiler and
 510 other tools are expected to reside in the location defined by the variable
 511 <code>VS120COMNTOOLS</code> which is set by the Microsoft Visual Studio installer.</p>
 512 
 513 <p>Only the C++ part of VS2013 is needed. Try to let the installation go to the
 514 default install directory. Always reboot your system after installing VS2013.
 515 The system environment variable VS120COMNTOOLS should be set in your
 516 environment.</p>
 517 
 518 <p>Make sure that TMP and TEMP are also set in the environment and refer to
 519 Windows paths that exist, like <code>C:\temp</code>, not <code>/tmp</code>, not <code>/cygdrive/c/temp</code>,
 520 and not <code>C:/temp</code>. <code>C:\temp</code> is just an example, it is assumed that this area
 521 is private to the user, so by default after installs you should see a unique
 522 user path in these variables.</p>
 523 
 524 <p><a name="macosx"></a></p>
 525 
 526 <h4>Mac OS X</h4>
 527 
 528 <p>Make sure you get the right XCode version.</p>
 529 
 530 <hr />
 531 
 532 <p><a name="configure"></a></p>
 533 
 534 <h3>Configure</h3>
 535 
 536 <p>The basic invocation of the <code>configure</code> script looks like:</p>
 537 
 538 <blockquote>
 539   <p><strong><code>bash ./configure [options]</code></strong></p>
 540 </blockquote>
 541 
 542 <p>This will create an output directory containing the "configuration" and setup
 543 an area for the build result. This directory typically looks like:</p>
 544 
 545 <blockquote>
 546   <p><strong><code>build/linux-x64-normal-server-release</code></strong></p>
 547 </blockquote>
 548 
 549 <p><code>configure</code> will try to figure out what system you are running on and where all
 550 necessary build components are. If you have all prerequisites for building
 551 installed, it should find everything. If it fails to detect any component
 552 automatically, it will exit and inform you about the problem. When this
 553 happens, read more below in <a href="#configureoptions">the <code>configure</code> options</a>.</p>
 554 
 555 <p>Some examples:</p>
 556 
 557 <blockquote>
 558   <p><strong>Windows 32bit build with freetype specified:</strong> <br />
 559  <code>bash ./configure --with-freetype=/cygdrive/c/freetype-i586 --with-target-
 560 bits=32</code></p>
 561 
 562 <p><strong>Debug 64bit Build:</strong> <br />
 563  <code>bash ./configure --enable-debug --with-target-bits=64</code></p>
 564 </blockquote>
 565 
 566 <p><a name="configureoptions"></a></p>
 567 
 568 <h4>Configure Options</h4>
 569 
 570 <p>Complete details on all the OpenJDK <code>configure</code> options can be seen with:</p>
 571 
 572 <blockquote>
 573   <p><strong><code>bash ./configure --help=short</code></strong></p>
 574 </blockquote>
 575 
 576 <p>Use <code>-help</code> to see all the <code>configure</code> options available. You can generate any
 577 number of different configurations, e.g. debug, release, 32, 64, etc.</p>
 578 
 579 <p>Some of the more commonly used <code>configure</code> options are:</p>
 580 
 581 <blockquote>
 582   <p><strong><code>--enable-debug</code></strong> <br />
 583  set the debug level to fastdebug (this is a shorthand for <code>--with-debug-
 584    level=fastdebug</code>)</p>
 585 </blockquote>
 586 
 587 <p><a name="alsa"></a></p>
 588 
 589 <blockquote>
 590   <p><strong><code>--with-alsa=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 591  select the location of the Advanced Linux Sound Architecture (ALSA)</p>
 592 
 593 <p>Version 0.9.1 or newer of the ALSA files are required for building the
 594    OpenJDK on Linux. These Linux files are usually available from an "alsa" of
 595    "libasound" development package, and it's highly recommended that you try
 596    and use the package provided by the particular version of Linux that you are
 597    using.</p>
 598 
 599 <p><strong><code>--with-boot-jdk=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 600  select the <a href="#bootjdk">Bootstrap JDK</a></p>
 601 
 602 <p><strong><code>--with-boot-jdk-jvmargs=</code></strong>"<em>args</em>" <br />
 603  provide the JVM options to be used to run the <a href="#bootjdk">Bootstrap JDK</a></p>
 604 
 605 <p><strong><code>--with-cacerts=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 606  select the path to the cacerts file.</p>
 607 
 608 <p>See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
 609    Certificate_Authority">Certificate Authority on Wikipedia</a> for a better understanding of the Certificate
 610    Authority (CA). A certificates file named "cacerts" represents a system-wide
 611    keystore with CA certificates. In JDK and JRE binary bundles, the "cacerts"
 612    file contains root CA certificates from several public CAs (e.g., VeriSign,
 613    Thawte, and Baltimore). The source contain a cacerts file without CA root
 614    certificates. Formal JDK builders will need to secure permission from each
 615    public CA and include the certificates into their own custom cacerts file.
 616    Failure to provide a populated cacerts file will result in verification
 617    errors of a certificate chain during runtime. By default an empty cacerts
 618    file is provided and that should be fine for most JDK developers.</p>
 619 </blockquote>
 620 
 621 <p><a name="cups"></a></p>
 622 
 623 <blockquote>
 624   <p><strong><code>--with-cups=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 625  select the CUPS install location</p>
 626 
 627 <p>The Common UNIX Printing System (CUPS) Headers are required for building the
 628    OpenJDK on Solaris and Linux. The Solaris header files can be obtained by
 629    installing the package <strong>SFWcups</strong> from the Solaris Software Companion
 630    CD/DVD, these often will be installed into the directory <code>/opt/sfw/cups</code>.</p>
 631 
 632 <p>The CUPS header files can always be downloaded from
 633    <a href="http://www.cups.org">www.cups.org</a>.</p>
 634 
 635 <p><strong><code>--with-cups-include=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 636  select the CUPS include directory location</p>
 637 
 638 <p><strong><code>--with-debug-level=</code></strong><em>level</em> <br />
 639  select the debug information level of release, fastdebug, or slowdebug</p>
 640 
 641 <p><strong><code>--with-dev-kit=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 642  select location of the compiler install or developer install location</p>
 643 </blockquote>
 644 
 645 <p><a name="freetype"></a></p>
 646 
 647 <blockquote>
 648   <p><strong><code>--with-freetype=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 649  select the freetype files to use.</p>
 650 
 651 <p>Expecting the freetype libraries under <code>lib/</code> and the headers under
 652    <code>include/</code>.</p>
 653 
 654 <p>Version 2.3 or newer of FreeType is required. On Unix systems required files
 655    can be available as part of your distribution (while you still may need to
 656    upgrade them). Note that you need development version of package that
 657    includes both the FreeType library and header files.</p>
 658 
 659 <p>You can always download latest FreeType version from the <a href="http://www.freetype.org">FreeType
 660    website</a>. Building the freetype 2 libraries from
 661    scratch is also possible, however on Windows refer to the <a href="http://freetype.freedesktop.org/wiki/FreeType_DLL">Windows FreeType
 662    DLL build instructions</a>.</p>
 663 
 664 <p>Note that by default FreeType is built with byte code hinting support
 665    disabled due to licensing restrictions. In this case, text appearance and
 666    metrics are expected to differ from Sun's official JDK build. See the
 667    <a href="http://freetype.sourceforge.net/freetype2">SourceForge FreeType2 Home Page</a>
 668    for more information.</p>
 669 
 670 <p><strong><code>--with-import-hotspot=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 671  select the location to find hotspot binaries from a previous build to avoid
 672    building hotspot</p>
 673 
 674 <p><strong><code>--with-target-bits=</code></strong><em>arg</em> <br />
 675  select 32 or 64 bit build</p>
 676 
 677 <p><strong><code>--with-jvm-variants=</code></strong><em>variants</em> <br />
 678  select the JVM variants to build from, comma separated list that can
 679    include: server, client, kernel, zero and zeroshark</p>
 680 
 681 <p><strong><code>--with-memory-size=</code></strong><em>size</em> <br />
 682  select the RAM size that GNU make will think this system has</p>
 683 
 684 <p><strong><code>--with-msvcr-dll=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 685  select the <code>msvcr100.dll</code> file to include in the Windows builds (C/C++
 686    runtime library for Visual Studio).</p>
 687 
 688 <p>This is usually picked up automatically from the redist directories of
 689    Visual Studio 2013.</p>
 690 
 691 <p><strong><code>--with-num-cores=</code></strong><em>cores</em> <br />
 692  select the number of cores to use (processor count or CPU count)</p>
 693 </blockquote>
 694 
 695 <p><a name="xrender"></a></p>
 696 
 697 <blockquote>
 698   <p><strong><code>--with-x=</code></strong><em>path</em> <br />
 699  select the location of the X11 and xrender files.</p>
 700 
 701 <p>The XRender Extension Headers are required for building the OpenJDK on
 702    Solaris and Linux. The Linux header files are usually available from a
 703    "Xrender" development package, it's recommended that you try and use the
 704    package provided by the particular distribution of Linux that you are using.
 705    The Solaris XRender header files is included with the other X11 header files
 706    in the package <strong>SFWxwinc</strong> on new enough versions of Solaris and will be
 707    installed in <code>/usr/X11/include/X11/extensions/Xrender.h</code> or
 708    <code>/usr/openwin/share/include/X11/extensions/Xrender.h</code></p>
 709 </blockquote>
 710 
 711 <hr />
 712 
 713 <p><a name="make"></a></p>
 714 
 715 <h3>Make</h3>
 716 
 717 <p>The basic invocation of the <code>make</code> utility looks like:</p>
 718 
 719 <blockquote>
 720   <p><strong><code>make all</code></strong></p>
 721 </blockquote>
 722 
 723 <p>This will start the build to the output directory containing the
 724 "configuration" that was created by the <code>configure</code> script. Run <code>make help</code> for
 725 more information on the available targets.</p>
 726 
 727 <p>There are some of the make targets that are of general interest:</p>
 728 
 729 <blockquote>
 730   <p><em>empty</em> <br />
 731  build everything but no images</p>
 732 
 733 <p><strong><code>all</code></strong> <br />
 734  build everything including images</p>
 735 
 736 <p><strong><code>all-conf</code></strong> <br />
 737  build all configurations</p>
 738 
 739 <p><strong><code>images</code></strong> <br />
 740  create complete j2sdk and j2re images</p>
 741 
 742 <p><strong><code>install</code></strong> <br />
 743  install the generated images locally, typically in <code>/usr/local</code></p>
 744 
 745 <p><strong><code>clean</code></strong> <br />
 746  remove all files generated by make, but not those generated by <code>configure</code></p>
 747 
 748 <p><strong><code>dist-clean</code></strong> <br />
 749  remove all files generated by both and <code>configure</code> (basically killing the
 750    configuration)</p>
 751 
 752 <p><strong><code>help</code></strong> <br />
 753  give some help on using <code>make</code>, including some interesting make targets</p>
 754 </blockquote>
 755 
 756 <hr />
 757 
 758 <p><a name="testing"></a></p>
 759 
 760 <h2>Testing</h2>
 761 
 762 <p>When the build is completed, you should see the generated binaries and
 763 associated files in the <code>j2sdk-image</code> directory in the output directory. In
 764 particular, the <code>build/*/images/j2sdk-image/bin</code> directory should contain
 765 executables for the OpenJDK tools and utilities for that configuration. The
 766 testing tool <code>jtreg</code> will be needed and can be found at: <a href="http://openjdk.java.net/jtreg/">the jtreg
 767 site</a>. The provided regression tests in the
 768 repositories can be run with the command:</p>
 769 
 770 <blockquote>
 771   <p><strong><code>cd test &amp;&amp; make PRODUCT_HOME=`pwd`/../build/*/images/j2sdk-image all</code></strong></p>
 772 </blockquote>
 773 
 774 <hr />
 775 
 776 <p><a name="hints"></a></p>
 777 
 778 <h2>Appendix A: Hints and Tips</h2>
 779 
 780 <p><a name="faq"></a></p>
 781 
 782 <h3>FAQ</h3>
 783 
 784 <p><strong>Q:</strong> The <code>generated-configure.sh</code> file looks horrible! How are you going to
 785 edit it? <br />
 786 <strong>A:</strong> The <code>generated-configure.sh</code> file is generated (think "compiled") by the
 787 autoconf tools. The source code is in <code>configure.ac</code> and various .m4 files in
 788 common/autoconf, which are much more readable.</p>
 789 
 790 <p><strong>Q:</strong> Why is the <code>generated-configure.sh</code> file checked in, if it is 
 791 generated? <br />
 792 <strong>A:</strong> If it was not generated, every user would need to have the autoconf
 793 tools installed, and re-generate the <code>configure</code> file as the first step. Our
 794 goal is to minimize the work needed to be done by the user to start building
 795 OpenJDK, and to minimize the number of external dependencies required.</p>
 796 
 797 <p><strong>Q:</strong> Do you require a specific version of autoconf for regenerating
 798 <code>generated-configure.sh</code>? <br />
 799 <strong>A:</strong> Yes, version 2.69 is required and should be easy enough to aquire on all
 800 supported operating systems. The reason for this is to avoid large spurious
 801 changes in <code>generated-configure.sh</code>.</p>
 802 
 803 <p><strong>Q:</strong> How do you regenerate <code>generated-configure.sh</code> after making changes to
 804 the input files? <br />
 805 <strong>A:</strong> Regnerating <code>generated-configure.sh</code> should always be done using the
 806 script <code>common/autoconf/autogen.sh</code> to ensure that the correct files get
 807 updated. This script should also be run after mercurial tries to merge
 808 <code>generated-configure.sh</code> as a merge of the generated file is not guaranteed to
 809 be correct.</p>
 810 
 811 <p><strong>Q:</strong> What are the files in <code>common/makefiles/support/*</code> for? They look like
 812 gibberish. <br />
 813 <strong>A:</strong> They are a somewhat ugly hack to compensate for command line length
 814 limitations on certain platforms (Windows, Solaris). Due to a combination of
 815 limitations in make and the shell, command lines containing too many files will
 816 not work properly. These helper files are part of an elaborate hack that will
 817 compress the command line in the makefile and then uncompress it safely. We're
 818 not proud of it, but it does fix the problem. If you have any better
 819 suggestions, we're all ears! :-)</p>
 820 
 821 <p><strong>Q:</strong> I want to see the output of the commands that make runs, like in the old
 822 build. How do I do that? <br />
 823 <strong>A:</strong> You specify the <code>LOG</code> variable to make. There are several log levels:</p>
 824 
 825 <ul>
 826 <li><strong><code>warn</code></strong> -- Default and very quiet.</li>
 827 <li><strong><code>info</code></strong> -- Shows more progress information than warn.</li>
 828 <li><strong><code>debug</code></strong> -- Echos all command lines and prints all macro calls for
 829 compilation definitions.</li>
 830 <li><strong><code>trace</code></strong> -- Echos all $(shell) command lines as well.</li>
 831 </ul>
 832 
 833 <p><strong>Q:</strong> When do I have to re-run <code>configure</code>? <br />
 834 <strong>A:</strong> Normally you will run <code>configure</code> only once for creating a
 835 configuration. You need to re-run configuration only if you want to change any
 836 configuration options, or if you pull down changes to the <code>configure</code> script.</p>
 837 
 838 <p><strong>Q:</strong> I have added a new source file. Do I need to modify the makefiles? <br />
 839 <strong>A:</strong> Normally, no. If you want to create e.g. a new native library, you will
 840 need to modify the makefiles. But for normal file additions or removals, no
 841 changes are needed. There are certan exceptions for some native libraries where
 842 the source files are spread over many directories which also contain sources
 843 for other libraries. In these cases it was simply easier to create include
 844 lists rather than excludes.</p>
 845 
 846 <p><strong>Q:</strong> When I run <code>configure --help</code>, I see many strange options, like
 847 <code>--dvidir</code>. What is this? <br />
 848 <strong>A:</strong> Configure provides a slew of options by default, to all projects that
 849 use autoconf. Most of them are not used in OpenJDK, so you can safely ignore
 850 them. To list only OpenJDK specific features, use <code>configure --help=short</code>
 851 instead.</p>
 852 
 853 <p><strong>Q:</strong> <code>configure</code> provides OpenJDK-specific features such as <code>--with-
 854 builddeps-server</code> that are not described in this document. What about those? <br />
 855 <strong>A:</strong> Try them out if you like! But be aware that most of these are
 856 experimental features. Many of them don't do anything at all at the moment; the
 857 option is just a placeholder. Others depend on pieces of code or infrastructure
 858 that is currently not ready for prime time.</p>
 859 
 860 <p><strong>Q:</strong> How will you make sure you don't break anything? <br />
 861 <strong>A:</strong> We have a script that compares the result of the new build system with
 862 the result of the old. For most part, we aim for (and achieve) byte-by-byte
 863 identical output. There are however technical issues with e.g. native binaries,
 864 which might differ in a byte-by-byte comparison, even when building twice with
 865 the old build system. For these, we compare relevant aspects (e.g. the symbol
 866 table and file size). Note that we still don't have 100% equivalence, but we're
 867 close.</p>
 868 
 869 <p><strong>Q:</strong> I noticed this thing X in the build that looks very broken by design.
 870 Why don't you fix it? <br />
 871 <strong>A:</strong> Our goal is to produce a build output that is as close as technically
 872 possible to the old build output. If things were weird in the old build, they
 873 will be weird in the new build. Often, things were weird before due to
 874 obscurity, but in the new build system the weird stuff comes up to the surface.
 875 The plan is to attack these things at a later stage, after the new build system
 876 is established.</p>
 877 
 878 <p><strong>Q:</strong> The code in the new build system is not that well-structured. Will you
 879 fix this? <br />
 880 <strong>A:</strong> Yes! The new build system has grown bit by bit as we converted the old
 881 system. When all of the old build system is converted, we can take a step back
 882 and clean up the structure of the new build system. Some of this we plan to do
 883 before replacing the old build system and some will need to wait until after.</p>
 884 
 885 <p><strong>Q:</strong> Is anything able to use the results of the new build's default make
 886 target? <br />
 887 <strong>A:</strong> Yes, this is the minimal (or roughly minimal) set of compiled output
 888 needed for a developer to actually execute the newly built JDK. The idea is
 889 that in an incremental development fashion, when doing a normal make, you
 890 should only spend time recompiling what's changed (making it purely
 891 incremental) and only do the work that's needed to actually run and test your
 892 code. The packaging stuff that is part of the <code>images</code> target is not needed for
 893 a normal developer who wants to test his new code. Even if it's quite fast,
 894 it's still unnecessary. We're targeting sub-second incremental rebuilds! ;-)
 895 (Or, well, at least single-digit seconds...)</p>
 896 
 897 <p><strong>Q:</strong> I usually set a specific environment variable when building, but I can't
 898 find the equivalent in the new build. What should I do? <br />
 899 <strong>A:</strong> It might very well be that we have neglected to add support for an
 900 option that was actually used from outside the build system. Email us and we
 901 will add support for it!</p>
 902 
 903 <p><a name="performance"></a></p>
 904 
 905 <h3>Build Performance Tips</h3>
 906 
 907 <p>Building OpenJDK requires a lot of horsepower. Some of the build tools can be
 908 adjusted to utilize more or less of resources such as parallel threads and
 909 memory. The <code>configure</code> script analyzes your system and selects reasonable
 910 values for such options based on your hardware. If you encounter resource
 911 problems, such as out of memory conditions, you can modify the detected values
 912 with:</p>
 913 
 914 <ul>
 915 <li><strong><code>--with-num-cores</code></strong> -- number of cores in the build system, e.g.
 916 <code>--with-num-cores=8</code></li>
 917 <li><strong><code>--with-memory-size</code></strong> -- memory (in MB) available in the build system,
 918 e.g. <code>--with-memory-size=1024</code></li>
 919 </ul>
 920 
 921 <p>It might also be necessary to specify the JVM arguments passed to the Bootstrap
 922 JDK, using e.g. <code>--with-boot-jdk-jvmargs="-Xmx8G -enableassertions"</code>. Doing
 923 this will override the default JVM arguments passed to the Bootstrap JDK.</p>
 924 
 925 <p>One of the top goals of the new build system is to improve the build
 926 performance and decrease the time needed to build. This will soon also apply to
 927 the java compilation when the Smart Javac wrapper is fully supported.</p>
 928 
 929 <p>At the end of a successful execution of <code>configure</code>, you will get a performance
 930 summary, indicating how well the build will perform. Here you will also get
 931 performance hints. If you want to build fast, pay attention to those!</p>
 932 
 933 <h4>Building with ccache</h4>
 934 
 935 <p>The OpenJDK build supports building with ccache when using gcc or clang. Using
 936 ccache can radically speed up compilation of native code if you often rebuild
 937 the same sources. Your milage may vary however so we recommend evaluating it
 938 for yourself. To enable it, make sure it's on the path and configure with
 939 <code>--enable-ccache</code>.</p>
 940 
 941 <h4>Building on local disk</h4>
 942 
 943 <p>If you are using network shares, e.g. via NFS, for your source code, make sure
 944 the build directory is situated on local disk. The performance penalty is
 945 extremely high for building on a network share, close to unusable.</p>
 946 
 947 <h4>Building only one JVM</h4>
 948 
 949 <p>The old build builds multiple JVMs on 32-bit systems (client and server; and on
 950 Windows kernel as well). In the new build we have changed this default to only
 951 build server when it's available. This improves build times for those not
 952 interested in multiple JVMs. To mimic the old behavior on platforms that
 953 support it, use <code>--with-jvm-variants=client,server</code>.</p>
 954 
 955 <h4>Selecting the number of cores to build on</h4>
 956 
 957 <p>By default, <code>configure</code> will analyze your machine and run the make process in
 958 parallel with as many threads as you have cores. This behavior can be
 959 overridden, either "permanently" (on a <code>configure</code> basis) using
 960 <code>--with-num-cores=N</code> or for a single build only (on a make basis), using
 961 <code>make JOBS=N</code>.</p>
 962 
 963 <p>If you want to make a slower build just this time, to save some CPU power for
 964 other processes, you can run e.g. <code>make JOBS=2</code>. This will force the makefiles
 965 to only run 2 parallel processes, or even <code>make JOBS=1</code> which will disable
 966 parallelism.</p>
 967 
 968 <p>If you want to have it the other way round, namely having slow builds default
 969 and override with fast if you're impatient, you should call <code>configure</code> with
 970 <code>--with-num-cores=2</code>, making 2 the default. If you want to run with more cores,
 971 run <code>make JOBS=8</code></p>
 972 
 973 <p><a name="troubleshooting"></a></p>
 974 
 975 <h3>Troubleshooting</h3>
 976 
 977 <h4>Solving build problems</h4>
 978 
 979 <p>If the build fails (and it's not due to a compilation error in a source file
 980 you've changed), the first thing you should do is to re-run the build with more
 981 verbosity. Do this by adding <code>LOG=debug</code> to your make command line.</p>
 982 
 983 <p>The build log (with both stdout and stderr intermingled, basically the same as
 984 you see on your console) can be found as <code>build.log</code> in your build directory.</p>
 985 
 986 <p>You can ask for help on build problems with the new build system on either the
 987 <a href="http://mail.openjdk.java.net/mailman/listinfo/build-dev">build-dev</a> or the
 988 <a href="http://mail.openjdk.java.net/mailman/listinfo/build-infra-dev">build-infra-dev</a>
 989 mailing lists. Please include the relevant parts of the build log.</p>
 990 
 991 <p>A build can fail for any number of reasons. Most failures are a result of
 992 trying to build in an environment in which all the pre-build requirements have
 993 not been met. The first step in troubleshooting a build failure is to recheck
 994 that you have satisfied all the pre-build requirements for your platform.
 995 Scanning the <code>configure</code> log is a good first step, making sure that what it
 996 found makes sense for your system. Look for strange error messages or any
 997 difficulties that <code>configure</code> had in finding things.</p>
 998 
 999 <p>Some of the more common problems with builds are briefly described below, with
1000 suggestions for remedies.</p>
1001 
1002 <ul>
1003 <li><p><strong>Corrupted Bundles on Windows:</strong> <br />
1004 Some virus scanning software has been known to corrupt the downloading of
1005 zip bundles. It may be necessary to disable the 'on access' or 'real time'
1006 virus scanning features to prevent this corruption. This type of 'real time'
1007 virus scanning can also slow down the build process significantly.
1008 Temporarily disabling the feature, or excluding the build output directory
1009 may be necessary to get correct and faster builds.</p></li>
1010 <li><p><strong>Slow Builds:</strong> <br />
1011 If your build machine seems to be overloaded from too many simultaneous C++
1012 compiles, try setting the <code>JOBS=1</code> on the <code>make</code> command line. Then try
1013 increasing the count slowly to an acceptable level for your system. Also:</p>
1014 
1015 <p>Creating the javadocs can be very slow, if you are running javadoc, consider
1016 skipping that step.</p>
1017 
1018 <p>Faster CPUs, more RAM, and a faster DISK usually helps. The VM build tends
1019 to be CPU intensive (many C++ compiles), and the rest of the JDK will often
1020 be disk intensive.</p>
1021 
1022 <p>Faster compiles are possible using a tool called
1023 <a href="http://ccache.samba.org/">ccache</a>.</p></li>
1024 <li><p><strong>File time issues:</strong> <br />
1025 If you see warnings that refer to file time stamps, e.g.</p>
1026 
1027 <blockquote>
1028   <p><em>Warning message:</em> <code>File 'xxx' has modification time in the future.</code> <br />
1029 <em>Warning message:</em> <code>Clock skew detected. Your build may be incomplete.</code></p>
1030 </blockquote>
1031 
1032 <p>These warnings can occur when the clock on the build machine is out of sync
1033 with the timestamps on the source files. Other errors, apparently unrelated
1034 but in fact caused by the clock skew, can occur along with the clock skew
1035 warnings. These secondary errors may tend to obscure the fact that the true
1036 root cause of the problem is an out-of-sync clock.</p>
1037 
1038 <p>If you see these warnings, reset the clock on the build machine, run
1039 "<code>gmake clobber</code>" or delete the directory containing the build output, and
1040 restart the build from the beginning.</p></li>
1041 <li><p><strong>Error message: <code>Trouble writing out table to disk</code></strong> <br />
1042 Increase the amount of swap space on your build machine. This could be
1043 caused by overloading the system and it may be necessary to use:</p>
1044 
1045 <blockquote>
1046   <p><code>make JOBS=1</code></p>
1047 </blockquote>
1048 
1049 <p>to reduce the load on the system.</p></li>
1050 <li><p><strong>Error Message: <code>libstdc++ not found</code>:</strong> <br />
1051 This is caused by a missing libstdc++.a library. This is installed as part
1052 of a specific package (e.g. libstdc++.so.devel.386). By default some 64-bit
1053 Linux versions (e.g. Fedora) only install the 64-bit version of the
1054 libstdc++ package. Various parts of the JDK build require a static link of
1055 the C++ runtime libraries to allow for maximum portability of the built
1056 images.</p></li>
1057 <li><p><strong>Linux Error Message: <code>cannot restore segment prot after reloc</code></strong> <br />
1058 This is probably an issue with SELinux (See <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SELinux">SELinux on
1059 Wikipedia</a>). Parts of the VM is built
1060 without the <code>-fPIC</code> for performance reasons.</p>
1061 
1062 <p>To completely disable SELinux:</p>
1063 
1064 <ol>
1065 <li><code>$ su root</code></li>
1066 <li><code># system-config-securitylevel</code></li>
1067 <li><code>In the window that appears, select the SELinux tab</code></li>
1068 <li><code>Disable SELinux</code></li>
1069 </ol>
1070 
1071 <p>Alternatively, instead of completely disabling it you could disable just
1072 this one check.</p>
1073 
1074 <ol>
1075 <li>Select System->Administration->SELinux Management</li>
1076 <li>In the SELinux Management Tool which appears, select "Boolean" from the
1077 menu on the left</li>
1078 <li>Expand the "Memory Protection" group</li>
1079 <li>Check the first item, labeled "Allow all unconfined executables to use
1080 libraries requiring text relocation ..."</li>
1081 </ol></li>
1082 <li><p><strong>Windows Error Messages:</strong> <br />
1083 <code>*** fatal error - couldn't allocate heap, ...</code> <br />
1084 <code>rm fails with "Directory not empty"</code> <br />
1085 <code>unzip fails with "cannot create ... Permission denied"</code> <br />
1086 <code>unzip fails with "cannot create ... Error 50"</code></p>
1087 
1088 <p>The CYGWIN software can conflict with other non-CYGWIN software. See the
1089 CYGWIN FAQ section on <a href="http://cygwin.com/faq/faq.using.html#faq.using.bloda">BLODA (applications that interfere with
1090 CYGWIN)</a>.</p></li>
1091 <li><p><strong>Windows Error Message: <code>spawn failed</code></strong> <br />
1092 Try rebooting the system, or there could be some kind of issue with the disk
1093 or disk partition being used. Sometimes it comes with a "Permission Denied"
1094 message.</p></li>
1095 </ul>
1096 
1097 <hr />
1098 
1099 <p><a name="gmake"></a></p>
1100 
1101 <h2>Appendix B: GNU make</h2>
1102 
1103 <p>The Makefiles in the OpenJDK are only valid when used with the GNU version of
1104 the utility command <code>make</code> (usually called <code>gmake</code> on Solaris). A few notes
1105 about using GNU make:</p>
1106 
1107 <ul>
1108 <li>You need GNU make version 3.81 or newer. On Windows 4.0 or newer is
1109 recommended. If the GNU make utility on your systems is not of a suitable
1110 version, see "<a href="#buildgmake">Building GNU make</a>".</li>
1111 <li>Place the location of the GNU make binary in the <code>PATH</code>.</li>
1112 <li><strong>Solaris:</strong> Do NOT use <code>/usr/bin/make</code> on Solaris. If your Solaris system
1113 has the software from the Solaris Developer Companion CD installed, you
1114 should try and use <code>gmake</code> which will be located in either the <code>/usr/bin</code>,
1115 <code>/opt/sfw/bin</code> or <code>/usr/sfw/bin</code> directory.</li>
1116 <li><strong>Windows:</strong> Make sure you start your build inside a bash shell.</li>
1117 <li><strong>Mac OS X:</strong> The XCode "command line tools" must be installed on your Mac.</li>
1118 </ul>
1119 
1120 <p>Information on GNU make, and access to ftp download sites, are available on the
1121 <a href="http://www.gnu.org/software/make/make.html">GNU make web site </a>. The latest
1122 source to GNU make is available at
1123 <a href="http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/make/">ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/make/</a>.</p>
1124 
1125 <p><a name="buildgmake"></a></p>
1126 
1127 <h3>Building GNU make</h3>
1128 
1129 <p>First step is to get the GNU make 3.81 or newer source from
1130 <a href="http://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/make/">ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/make/</a>. Building is a
1131 little different depending on the OS but is basically done with:</p>
1132 
1133 <pre><code>  bash ./configure
1134   make
1135 </code></pre>
1136 
1137 <hr />
1138 
1139 <p><a name="buildenvironments"></a></p>
1140 
1141 <h2>Appendix C: Build Environments</h2>
1142 
1143 <h3>Minimum Build Environments</h3>
1144 
1145 <p>This file often describes specific requirements for what we call the "minimum
1146 build environments" (MBE) for this specific release of the JDK. What is listed
1147 below is what the Oracle Release Engineering Team will use to build the Oracle
1148 JDK product. Building with the MBE will hopefully generate the most compatible
1149 bits that install on, and run correctly on, the most variations of the same
1150 base OS and hardware architecture. In some cases, these represent what is often
1151 called the least common denominator, but each Operating System has different
1152 aspects to it.</p>
1153 
1154 <p>In all cases, the Bootstrap JDK version minimum is critical, we cannot
1155 guarantee builds will work with older Bootstrap JDK's. Also in all cases, more
1156 RAM and more processors is better, the minimums listed below are simply
1157 recommendations.</p>
1158 
1159 <p>With Solaris and Mac OS X, the version listed below is the oldest release we
1160 can guarantee builds and works, and the specific version of the compilers used
1161 could be critical.</p>
1162 
1163 <p>With Windows the critical aspect is the Visual Studio compiler used, which due
1164 to it's runtime, generally dictates what Windows systems can do the builds and
1165 where the resulting bits can be used.</p>
1166 
1167 <p><strong>NOTE: We expect a change here off these older Windows OS releases and to a
1168 'less older' one, probably Windows 2008R2 X64.</strong></p>
1169 
1170 <p>With Linux, it was just a matter of picking a stable distribution that is a
1171 good representative for Linux in general.</p>
1172 
1173 <p>It is understood that most developers will NOT be using these specific
1174 versions, and in fact creating these specific versions may be difficult due to
1175 the age of some of this software. It is expected that developers are more often
1176 using the more recent releases and distributions of these operating systems.</p>
1177 
1178 <p>Compilation problems with newer or different C/C++ compilers is a common
1179 problem. Similarly, compilation problems related to changes to the
1180 <code>/usr/include</code> or system header files is also a common problem with older,
1181 newer, or unreleased OS versions. Please report these types of problems as bugs
1182 so that they can be dealt with accordingly.</p>
1183 
1184 <blockquote>
1185   <p><table border="1">
1186      <thead>
1187        <tr>
1188          <th>Base OS and Architecture</th>
1189          <th>OS</th>
1190          <th>C/C++ Compiler</th>
1191          <th>Bootstrap JDK</th>
1192          <th>Processors</th>
1193          <th>RAM Minimum</th>
1194          <th>DISK Needs</th>
1195        </tr>
1196      </thead>
1197      <tbody>
1198        <tr>
1199          <td>Linux X86 (32-bit) and X64 (64-bit)</td>
1200          <td>Oracle Enterprise Linux 6.4</td>
1201          <td>gcc 4.9.2 </td>
1202          <td>JDK 8</td>
1203          <td>2 or more</td>
1204          <td>1 GB</td>
1205          <td>6 GB</td>
1206        </tr>
1207        <tr>
1208          <td>Solaris SPARCV9 (64-bit)</td>
1209          <td>Solaris 11 Update 1</td>
1210          <td>Studio 12 Update 4 + patches</td>
1211          <td>JDK 8</td>
1212          <td>4 or more</td>
1213          <td>4 GB</td>
1214          <td>8 GB</td>
1215        </tr>
1216        <tr>
1217          <td>Solaris X64 (64-bit)</td>
1218          <td>Solaris 11 Update 1</td>
1219          <td>Studio 12 Update 4 + patches</td>
1220          <td>JDK 8</td>
1221          <td>4 or more</td>
1222          <td>4 GB</td>
1223          <td>8 GB</td>
1224        </tr>
1225        <tr>
1226          <td>Windows X86 (32-bit)</td>
1227          <td>Windows Server 2012 R2 x64</td>
1228          <td>Microsoft Visual Studio C++ 2013 Professional Edition</td>
1229          <td>JDK 8</td>
1230          <td>2 or more</td>
1231          <td>2 GB</td>
1232          <td>6 GB</td>
1233        </tr>
1234        <tr>
1235          <td>Windows X64 (64-bit)</td>
1236          <td>Windows Server 2012 R2 x64</td>
1237          <td>Microsoft Visual Studio C++ 2013 Professional Edition</td>
1238          <td>JDK 8</td>
1239          <td>2 or more</td>
1240          <td>2 GB</td>
1241          <td>6 GB</td>
1242        </tr>
1243        <tr>
1244          <td>Mac OS X X64 (64-bit)</td>
1245          <td>Mac OS X 10.9 "Mavericks"</td>
1246          <td>Xcode 6.3 or newer</td>
1247          <td>JDK 8</td>
1248          <td>2 or more</td>
1249          <td>4 GB</td>
1250          <td>6 GB</td>
1251        </tr>
1252      </tbody>
1253    </table></p>
1254 </blockquote>
1255 
1256 <hr />
1257 
1258 <p><a name="SDBE"></a></p>
1259 
1260 <h3>Specific Developer Build Environments</h3>
1261 
1262 <p>We won't be listing all the possible environments, but we will try to provide
1263 what information we have available to us.</p>
1264 
1265 <p><strong>NOTE: The community can help out by updating this part of the document.</strong></p>
1266 
1267 <h4>Fedora</h4>
1268 
1269 <p>After installing the latest <a href="http://fedoraproject.org">Fedora</a> you need to
1270 install several build dependencies. The simplest way to do it is to execute the
1271 following commands as user <code>root</code>:</p>
1272 
1273 <pre><code>  yum-builddep java-1.7.0-openjdk
1274   yum install gcc gcc-c++
1275 </code></pre>
1276 
1277 <p>In addition, it's necessary to set a few environment variables for the build:</p>
1278 
1279 <pre><code>  export LANG=C
1280   export PATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-openjdk/bin:${PATH}"
1281 </code></pre>
1282 
1283 <h4>CentOS 5.5</h4>
1284 
1285 <p>After installing <a href="http://www.centos.org/">CentOS 5.5</a> you need to make sure you
1286 have the following Development bundles installed:</p>
1287 
1288 <ul>
1289 <li>Development Libraries</li>
1290 <li>Development Tools</li>
1291 <li>Java Development</li>
1292 <li>X Software Development (Including XFree86-devel)</li>
1293 </ul>
1294 
1295 <p>Plus the following packages:</p>
1296 
1297 <ul>
1298 <li>cups devel: Cups Development Package</li>
1299 <li>alsa devel: Alsa Development Package</li>
1300 <li>Xi devel: libXi.so Development Package</li>
1301 </ul>
1302 
1303 <p>The freetype 2.3 packages don't seem to be available, but the freetype 2.3
1304 sources can be downloaded, built, and installed easily enough from <a href="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/freetype">the
1305 freetype site</a>. Build and install
1306 with something like:</p>
1307 
1308 <pre><code>  bash ./configure
1309   make
1310   sudo -u root make install
1311 </code></pre>
1312 
1313 <p>Mercurial packages could not be found easily, but a Google search should find
1314 ones, and they usually include Python if it's needed.</p>
1315 
1316 <h4>Debian 5.0 (Lenny)</h4>
1317 
1318 <p>After installing <a href="http://debian.org">Debian</a> 5 you need to install several
1319 build dependencies. The simplest way to install the build dependencies is to
1320 execute the following commands as user <code>root</code>:</p>
1321 
1322 <pre><code>  aptitude build-dep openjdk-7
1323   aptitude install openjdk-7-jdk libmotif-dev
1324 </code></pre>
1325 
1326 <p>In addition, it's necessary to set a few environment variables for the build:</p>
1327 
1328 <pre><code>  export LANG=C
1329   export PATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk/bin:${PATH}"
1330 </code></pre>
1331 
1332 <h4>Ubuntu 12.04</h4>
1333 
1334 <p>After installing <a href="http://ubuntu.org">Ubuntu</a> 12.04 you need to install several
1335 build dependencies. The simplest way to do it is to execute the following
1336 commands:</p>
1337 
1338 <pre><code>  sudo aptitude build-dep openjdk-7
1339   sudo aptitude install openjdk-7-jdk
1340 </code></pre>
1341 
1342 <p>In addition, it's necessary to set a few environment variables for the build:</p>
1343 
1344 <pre><code>  export LANG=C
1345   export PATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-7-openjdk/bin:${PATH}"
1346 </code></pre>
1347 
1348 <h4>OpenSUSE 11.1</h4>
1349 
1350 <p>After installing <a href="http://opensuse.org">OpenSUSE</a> 11.1 you need to install
1351 several build dependencies. The simplest way to install the build dependencies
1352 is to execute the following commands:</p>
1353 
1354 <pre><code>  sudo zypper source-install -d java-1_7_0-openjdk
1355   sudo zypper install make
1356 </code></pre>
1357 
1358 <p>In addition, it is necessary to set a few environment variables for the build:</p>
1359 
1360 <pre><code>  export LANG=C
1361   export PATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk/bin:$[PATH}"
1362 </code></pre>
1363 
1364 <p>Finally, you need to unset the <code>JAVA_HOME</code> environment variable:</p>
1365 
1366 <pre><code>  export -n JAVA_HOME`
1367 </code></pre>
1368 
1369 <h4>Mandriva Linux One 2009 Spring</h4>
1370 
1371 <p>After installing <a href="http://mandriva.org">Mandriva</a> Linux One 2009 Spring you need
1372 to install several build dependencies. The simplest way to install the build
1373 dependencies is to execute the following commands as user <code>root</code>:</p>
1374 
1375 <pre><code>  urpmi java-1.7.0-openjdk-devel make gcc gcc-c++ freetype-devel zip unzip
1376     libcups2-devel libxrender1-devel libalsa2-devel libstc++-static-devel
1377     libxtst6-devel libxi-devel
1378 </code></pre>
1379 
1380 <p>In addition, it is necessary to set a few environment variables for the build:</p>
1381 
1382 <pre><code>  export LANG=C
1383   export PATH="/usr/lib/jvm/java-1.7.0-openjdk/bin:${PATH}"
1384 </code></pre>
1385 
1386 <h4>OpenSolaris 2009.06</h4>
1387 
1388 <p>After installing <a href="http://opensolaris.org">OpenSolaris</a> 2009.06 you need to
1389 install several build dependencies. The simplest way to install the build
1390 dependencies is to execute the following commands:</p>
1391 
1392 <pre><code>  pfexec pkg install SUNWgmake SUNWj7dev sunstudioexpress SUNWcups SUNWzip
1393     SUNWunzip SUNWxwhl SUNWxorg-headers SUNWaudh SUNWfreetype2
1394 </code></pre>
1395 
1396 <p>In addition, it is necessary to set a few environment variables for the build:</p>
1397 
1398 <pre><code>  export LANG=C
1399   export PATH="/opt/SunStudioExpress/bin:${PATH}"
1400 </code></pre>
1401 
1402 <hr />
1403 
1404 <p>End of the OpenJDK build README document.</p>
1405 
1406 <p>Please come again!</p>
1407   </body>
1408 </html>