1 #
   2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   3 #
   4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   9 #
  10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14 # accompanied this code).
  15 #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19 #
  20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #
  24 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  25 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  26 
  27 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  28 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  29 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
  30 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  31 
  32 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-31):
  33 #
  34 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
  35 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  36 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  37 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
  38 #
  39 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source
  40 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport
  41 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  42 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  43 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
  44 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
  45 #
  46 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  47 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
  48 # I found in the UCLA library.
  49 #
  50 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
  51 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
  52 # http://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
  53 #
  54 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  55 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  56 #
  57 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
  58 # for +0:00 through +3:00, respectively,
  59 # but Mark R V Murray reports that
  60 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +2:00 in the country of South Africa,
  61 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +2:00 in countries north of South Africa, and
  62 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +1:00, as the common phrase for
  63 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
  64 # He has heard of "Western Sahara Time" for +0:00 but can find no reference.
  65 #
  66 # To make things confusing, 'WAT' seems to have been used for -1:00 long ago;
  67 # I'd guess that this was because people needed _some_ name for -1:00,
  68 # and at the time, far west Africa was the only major land area in -1:00.
  69 # This usage is now obsolete, as the last use of -1:00 on the African
  70 # mainland seems to have been 1976 in Western Sahara.
  71 #
  72 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seem to have some currency:
  73 #       -1:00   WAT     West Africa Time (no longer used)
  74 #        0:00   GMT     Greenwich Mean Time
  75 #        2:00   CAT     Central Africa Time
  76 #        2:00   SAST    South Africa Standard Time
  77 # and Murray suggests the following abbreviation:
  78 #        1:00   WAT     West Africa Time
  79 # I realize that this leads to 'WAT' being used for both -1:00 and 1:00
  80 # for times before 1976, but this is the best I can think of
  81 # until we get more information.
  82 #
  83 # I invented the following abbreviations; corrections are welcome!
  84 #        2:00   WAST    West Africa Summer Time
  85 #        2:30   BEAT    British East Africa Time (no longer used)
  86 #        2:45   BEAUT   British East Africa Unified Time (no longer used)
  87 #        3:00   CAST    Central Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  88 #        3:00   SAST    South Africa Summer Time (no longer used)
  89 #        3:00   EAT     East Africa Time
  90 
  91 # Algeria
  92 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  93 Rule    Algeria 1916    only    -       Jun     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  94 Rule    Algeria 1916    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1       23:00s  0       -
  95 Rule    Algeria 1917    only    -       Mar     24      23:00s  1:00    S
  96 Rule    Algeria 1918    only    -       Mar      9      23:00s  1:00    S
  97 Rule    Algeria 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
  98 Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  99 Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Oct     23      23:00s  0       -
 100 Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Mar     14      23:00s  1:00    S
 101 Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Jun     21      23:00s  0       -
 102 Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Sep     11      23:00s  1:00    S
 103 Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Nov     19       1:00   0       -
 104 Rule    Algeria 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1        2:00   1:00    S
 105 Rule    Algeria 1944    only    -       Oct      8       2:00   0       -
 106 Rule    Algeria 1945    only    -       Sep     16       1:00   0       -
 107 Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Apr     25      23:00s  1:00    S
 108 Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Sep     26      23:00s  0       -
 109 Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       May      6       0:00   1:00    S
 110 Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   0       -
 111 Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Mar     24       1:00   1:00    S
 112 Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Sep     22       3:00   0       -
 113 Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Apr     25       0:00   1:00    S
 114 Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Oct     31       2:00   0       -
 115 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 116 # more precise 0:09:21.
 117 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 118 Zone    Africa/Algiers  0:12:12 -       LMT     1891 Mar 15  0:01
 119                         0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 120                         0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1940 Feb 25  2:00
 121                         1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1946 Oct  7
 122                         0:00    -       WET     1956 Jan 29
 123                         1:00    -       CET     1963 Apr 14
 124                         0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1977 Oct 21
 125                         1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1979 Oct 26
 126                         0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1981 May
 127                         1:00    -       CET
 128 
 129 # Angola
 130 # Benin
 131 # See Africa/Lagos.
 132 
 133 # Botswana
 134 # See Africa/Maputo.
 135 
 136 # Burkina Faso
 137 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 138 
 139 # Burundi
 140 # See Africa/Maputo.
 141 
 142 # Cameroon
 143 # See Africa/Lagos.
 144 
 145 # Cape Verde
 146 #
 147 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to CVT.
 148 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 149 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 150 # merely made it official?
 151 #
 152 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 153 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1907        # Praia
 154                         -2:00   -       CVT     1942 Sep
 155                         -2:00   1:00    CVST    1945 Oct 15
 156                         -2:00   -       CVT     1975 Nov 25  2:00
 157                         -1:00   -       CVT
 158 
 159 # Central African Republic
 160 # See Africa/Lagos.
 161 
 162 # Chad
 163 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 164 Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912        # N'Djamena
 165                         1:00    -       WAT     1979 Oct 14
 166                         1:00    1:00    WAST    1980 Mar  8
 167                         1:00    -       WAT
 168 
 169 # Comoros
 170 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 171 
 172 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
 173 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
 174 
 175 # Republic of the Congo
 176 # See Africa/Lagos.
 177 
 178 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 179 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 180 Zone    Africa/Abidjan  -0:16:08 -      LMT     1912
 181                          0:00   -       GMT
 182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako       # Mali
 183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul       # Gambia
 184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry      # Guinea
 185 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar        # Senegal
 186 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown     # Sierra Leone
 187 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome         # Togo
 188 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott   # Mauritania
 189 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou  # Burkina Faso
 190 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Sao_Tome     # São Tomé and Príncipe
 191 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena  # St Helena
 192 
 193 # Djibouti
 194 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 195 
 196 ###############################################################################
 197 
 198 # Egypt
 199 
 200 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
 201 # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
 202 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
 203 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 204 
 205 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 206 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Jul     15      0:00    1:00    S
 207 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 208 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    S
 209 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -
 210 Rule    Egypt   1942    1944    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 211 Rule    Egypt   1942    only    -       Oct     27      0:00    0       -
 212 Rule    Egypt   1943    1945    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       -
 213 Rule    Egypt   1945    only    -       Apr     16      0:00    1:00    S
 214 Rule    Egypt   1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
 215 Rule    Egypt   1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 216 Rule    Egypt   1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
 217 Rule    Egypt   1959    1981    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 218 Rule    Egypt   1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
 219 Rule    Egypt   1966    1994    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
 220 Rule    Egypt   1982    only    -       Jul     25      1:00    1:00    S
 221 Rule    Egypt   1983    only    -       Jul     12      1:00    1:00    S
 222 Rule    Egypt   1984    1988    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 223 Rule    Egypt   1989    only    -       May      6      1:00    1:00    S
 224 Rule    Egypt   1990    1994    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 225 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 226 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
 227 
 228 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
 229 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
 230 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
 231 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 232 #
 233 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
 234 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
 235 # or
 236 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
 237 Rule    Egypt   1995    2010    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 238 Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 239 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 240 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 241 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 242 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 243 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
 244 Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
 245 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 246 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 247 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 248 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 249 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 250 # http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 251 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 252 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
 253 Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1       24:00   0       -
 254 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 255 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 256 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
 257 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
 258 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
 259 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
 260 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 261 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 262 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
 263 
 264 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
 265 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
 266 #
 267 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
 268 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 269 # Apr 23
 270 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 271 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
 272 # Apr 24
 273 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 274 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 275 # Aug 27
 276 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 277 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
 278 # Aug 27
 279 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 280 #
 281 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
 282 # :59)
 283 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
 284 #
 285 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 286 #
 287 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
 288 # [2] http://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
 289 # [3] http://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 290 
 291 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 292 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
 293 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
 294 # in September.
 295 
 296 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 297 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 298 # Information and Decision Support Center:
 299 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
 300 #
 301 # The Middle East News Agency
 302 # http://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
 303 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 304 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 305 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
 306 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
 307 # (at least today).
 308 
 309 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
 310 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 311 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 312 # Ramadan.
 313 #
 314 # Arabic translation:
 315 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
 316 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
 317 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
 318 
 319 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 320 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
 321 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
 322 
 323 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
 324 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 325 
 326 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
 327 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
 328 # in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
 329 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
 330 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
 331 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
 332 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
 333 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
 334 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
 335 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
 336 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
 337 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
 338 
 339 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
 340 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 341 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
 342 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
 343 # no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
 344 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 345 
 346 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
 347 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
 348 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
 349 # Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
 350 # dates not yet announced....
 351 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
 352 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
 353 
 354 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
 355 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
 356 # least for 2015.
 357 #
 358 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
 359 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
 360 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
 361 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
 362 # practice altogether in future years."
 363 #
 364 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
 365 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
 366 # decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
 367 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
 368 
 369 Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 370 Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      24:00   0       -
 371 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     10      24:00   0       -
 372 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep      9      24:00   1:00    S
 373 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 374 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       May     15      24:00   1:00    S
 375 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jun     26      24:00   0       -
 376 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jul     31      24:00   1:00    S
 377 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 378 
 379 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 380 Zone    Africa/Cairo    2:05:09 -       LMT     1900 Oct
 381                         2:00    Egypt   EE%sT
 382 
 383 # Equatorial Guinea
 384 # See Africa/Lagos.
 385 
 386 # Eritrea
 387 # Ethiopia
 388 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 389 
 390 # Gabon
 391 # See Africa/Lagos.
 392 
 393 # Gambia
 394 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 395 
 396 # Ghana
 397 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 398 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
 399 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942;
 400 # and September 1 to January 1 is given by:
 401 # Scott Keltie J, Epstein M (eds), The Statesman's Year-Book,
 402 # 57th ed. Macmillan, London (1920), OCLC 609408015, pp xxviii.
 403 # For lack of better info, assume DST was observed from 1920 to 1942.
 404 Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Sep      1      0:00    0:20    GHST
 405 Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       GMT
 406 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 407 Zone    Africa/Accra    -0:00:52 -      LMT     1918
 408                          0:00   Ghana   %s
 409 
 410 # Guinea
 411 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 412 
 413 # Guinea-Bissau
 414 #
 415 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 416 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
 417 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 418 # with the date that it took effect, namely 1912-01-01.
 419 #
 420 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 421 Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1
 422                         -1:00   -       WAT     1975
 423                          0:00   -       GMT
 424 
 425 # Kenya
 426 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 427 Zone    Africa/Nairobi  2:27:16 -       LMT     1928 Jul
 428                         3:00    -       EAT     1930
 429                         2:30    -       BEAT    1940
 430                         2:45    -       BEAUT   1960
 431                         3:00    -       EAT
 432 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa   # Ethiopia
 433 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara        # Eritrea
 434 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
 435 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
 436 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala       # Uganda
 437 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu     # Somalia
 438 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo  # Madagascar
 439 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
 440 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
 441 
 442 # Lesotho
 443 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
 444 
 445 # Liberia
 446 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22):
 447 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch
 448 # from a UTC offset that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.
 449 # Howse reports that it was in honor of their president's birthday.
 450 # Shank & Pottenger report the date as May 1, whereas Howse reports Jan;
 451 # go with Shanks & Pottenger.
 452 # For Liberia before 1972, Shanks & Pottenger report -0:44, whereas Howse and
 453 # Whitman each report -0:44:30; go with the more precise figure.
 454 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 455 Zone    Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 -      LMT     1882
 456                         -0:43:08 -      MMT     1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
 457                         -0:44:30 -      LRT     1972 May # Liberia Time
 458                          0:00   -       GMT
 459 
 460 ###############################################################################
 461 
 462 # Libya
 463 
 464 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
 465 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
 466 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
 467 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
 468 #
 469 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
 470 # http://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
 471 #
 472 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
 473 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
 474 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
 475 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
 476 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
 477 
 478 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
 479 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
 480 # cancelled yesterday....
 481 # http://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
 482 #
 483 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
 484 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UTC+2.
 485 
 486 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 487 Rule    Libya   1951    only    -       Oct     14      2:00    1:00    S
 488 Rule    Libya   1952    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 489 Rule    Libya   1953    only    -       Oct      9      2:00    1:00    S
 490 Rule    Libya   1954    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 491 Rule    Libya   1955    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    1:00    S
 492 Rule    Libya   1956    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 493 Rule    Libya   1982    1984    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 494 Rule    Libya   1982    1985    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 495 Rule    Libya   1985    only    -       Apr      6      0:00    1:00    S
 496 Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 497 Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Oct      3      0:00    0       -
 498 Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 499 Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 500 Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 501 Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Oct      4      0:00    0       -
 502 Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Mar     lastFri 1:00    1:00    S
 503 Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Oct     lastFri 2:00    0       -
 504 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 505 Zone    Africa/Tripoli  0:52:44 -       LMT     1920
 506                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1959
 507                         2:00    -       EET     1982
 508                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1990 May  4
 509 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
 510 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
 511                         2:00    -       EET     1996 Sep 30
 512                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1997 Oct  4
 513                         2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10  2:00
 514                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25  2:00
 515                         2:00    -       EET
 516 
 517 # Madagascar
 518 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 519 
 520 # Malawi
 521 # See Africa/Maputo.
 522 
 523 # Mali
 524 # Mauritania
 525 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 526 
 527 # Mauritius
 528 
 529 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 530 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 531 # basis....
 532 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 533 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 534 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 535 
 536 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
 537 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 538 
 539 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
 540 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
 541 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
 542 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
 543 
 544 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 545 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
 546 
 547 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 548 # According to
 549 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
 550 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 551 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 552 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 553 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
 554 #
 555 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
 556 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
 557 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
 558 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
 559 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 560 # changes two days later.
 561 
 562 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 563 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
 564 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 565 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 566 #
 567 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
 568 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
 569 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
 570 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
 571 
 572 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 573 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
 574 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 575 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 576 #
 577 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
 578 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
 579 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
 580 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
 581 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 582 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 583 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
 584 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 585 # and end on 29 March 2009.
 586 
 587 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 588 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 589 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 590 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
 591 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
 592 
 593 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 594 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 595 # DST the coming summer...
 596 #
 597 # Some sources, in French:
 598 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
 599 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
 600 #
 601 # Our wrap-up:
 602 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
 603 
 604 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 605 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
 606 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
 607 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
 608 
 609 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 610 Rule Mauritius  1982    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    1:00    S
 611 Rule Mauritius  1983    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       -
 612 Rule Mauritius  2008    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    1:00    S
 613 Rule Mauritius  2009    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    0       -
 614 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 615 Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907 # Port Louis
 616                         4:00 Mauritius  MU%sT   # Mauritius Time
 617 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 618 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 619 
 620 # Mayotte
 621 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 622 
 623 # Morocco
 624 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 625 
 626 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 627 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
 628 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
 629 #
 630 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 631 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
 632 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 633 #
 634 # http://www.worldtimezone.net/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
 635 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
 636 
 637 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 638 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
 639 # Presse:
 640 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
 641 #
 642 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 643 # spokesman.
 644 
 645 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 646 # According to this article:
 647 # http://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
 648 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
 649 # the changes occur at midnight:
 650 #
 651 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
 652 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
 653 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 654 #
 655 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
 656 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
 657 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
 658 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
 659 #
 660 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 661 # published on the web.
 662 #
 663 # It's also confirmed here:
 664 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
 665 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
 666 # posted in English).
 667 #
 668 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
 669 # http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
 670 
 671 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 672 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
 673 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 674 # of September:
 675 #
 676 # One article about it (in French):
 677 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
 678 #
 679 # We have some further details posted here:
 680 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
 681 
 682 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 683 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 684 # to many sources, such as
 685 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
 686 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
 687 # (French)
 688 #
 689 # Our summary:
 690 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
 691 
 692 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 693 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
 694 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 695 #
 696 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
 697 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 698 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 699 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 700 #
 701 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
 702 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
 703 
 704 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 705 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
 706 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
 707 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 708 #
 709 # Example:
 710 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
 711 # (French)
 712 # Our page:
 713 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
 714 
 715 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 716 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
 717 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
 718 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
 719 # ...Official links of change in morocco
 720 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 721 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 722 # +212.537.71.84.00
 723 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
 724 # They said that
 725 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
 726 # is the official publication to look at.
 727 # They said that the decision was already taken.
 728 #
 729 # More articles in the press
 730 # http://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
 731 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
 732 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
 733 
 734 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 735 # They have it written in English here:
 736 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
 737 #
 738 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 739 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
 740 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
 741 # also been like that in the past.
 742 
 743 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
 744 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
 745 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
 746 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 747 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
 748 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 749 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 750 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 751 # except the month of Ramadan.
 752 # or (brief)
 753 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
 754 
 755 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 756 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
 757 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
 758 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
 759 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
 760 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
 761 
 762 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 763 # Seen Morocco change again:
 764 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 765 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
 766 # comme annoncé précédemment."
 767 
 768 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 769 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
 770 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
 771 #
 772 # Google translation, lightly edited:
 773 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
 774 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
 775 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
 776 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
 777 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
 778 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
 779 # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
 780 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 781 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
 782 
 783 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
 784 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
 785 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 786 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 787 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
 788 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
 789 
 790 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 791 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
 792 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
 793 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
 794 
 795 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
 796 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
 797 # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
 798 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
 799 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
 800 # source (French):
 801 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
 802 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
 803 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
 804 
 805 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 806 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 807 
 808 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
 809 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
 810 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
 811 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
 812 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
 813 
 814 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
 815 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
 816 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
 817 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
 818 # 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
 819 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
 820 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
 821 # Source (french):
 822 # http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
 823 #
 824 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
 825 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
 826 #
 827 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
 828 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
 829 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
 830 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
 831 # <http://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
 832 # with the patch.
 833 
 834 # From Paul Eggert (2015-06-08):
 835 # For now, guess that later spring and fall transitions will use 2015's rules,
 836 # and guess that Morocco will switch to standard time at 03:00 the last
 837 # Sunday before Ramadan, and back to DST at 02:00 the first Sunday after
 838 # Ramadan.  To implement this, transition dates for 2016 through 2037 were
 839 # determined by running the following program under GNU Emacs 24.3, with the
 840 # results integrated by hand into the table below.
 841 # (let ((islamic-year 1437))
 842 #   (require 'cal-islam)
 843 #   (while (< islamic-year 1460)
 844 #     (let ((a (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 9 1 islamic-year)))
 845 #           (b (calendar-islamic-to-absolute (list 10 1 islamic-year)))
 846 #           (sunday 0))
 847 #       (while (/= sunday (mod (setq a (1- a)) 7)))
 848 #       (while (/= sunday (mod b 7))
 849 #         (setq b (1+ b)))
 850 #       (setq a (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute a))
 851 #       (setq b (calendar-gregorian-from-absolute b))
 852 #       (insert
 853 #        (format
 854 #         (concat "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 3:00\t0\t-\n"
 855 #                 "Rule\tMorocco\t%d\tonly\t-\t%s\t%2d\t 2:00\t1:00\tS\n")
 856 #         (car (cdr (cdr a))) (calendar-month-name (car a) t) (car (cdr a))
 857 #         (car (cdr (cdr b))) (calendar-month-name (car b) t) (car (cdr b)))))
 858 #     (setq islamic-year (+ 1 islamic-year))))
 859 
 860 # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 861 
 862 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Sep     12       0:00   1:00    S
 863 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Nov     19       0:00   0       -
 864 Rule    Morocco 1940    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   1:00    S
 865 Rule    Morocco 1945    only    -       Nov     18       0:00   0       -
 866 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Jun     11       0:00   1:00    S
 867 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   0       -
 868 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    S
 869 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 870 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    S
 871 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 872 Rule    Morocco 1976    1977    -       May      1       0:00   1:00    S
 873 Rule    Morocco 1976    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
 874 Rule    Morocco 1977    only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
 875 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 876 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
 877 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 878 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 879 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    S
 880 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug     21       0:00   0       -
 881 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       May      2       0:00   1:00    S
 882 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       Aug      8       0:00   0       -
 883 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    S
 884 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul     31       0      0       -
 885 Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 886 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep     30       3:00   0       -
 887 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul     20       3:00   0       -
 888 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug     20       2:00   1:00    S
 889 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul      7       3:00   0       -
 890 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug     10       2:00   1:00    S
 891 Rule    Morocco 2013    max     -       Oct     lastSun  3:00   0       -
 892 Rule    Morocco 2014    2021    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 893 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun     28       3:00   0       -
 894 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Aug      2       2:00   1:00    S
 895 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun     14       3:00   0       -
 896 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul     19       2:00   1:00    S
 897 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun      5       3:00   0       -
 898 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul     10       2:00   1:00    S
 899 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May     21       3:00   0       -
 900 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jul      2       2:00   1:00    S
 901 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May     13       3:00   0       -
 902 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun     17       2:00   1:00    S
 903 Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       May      5       3:00   0       -
 904 Rule    Morocco 2019    only    -       Jun      9       2:00   1:00    S
 905 Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       Apr     19       3:00   0       -
 906 Rule    Morocco 2020    only    -       May     24       2:00   1:00    S
 907 Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       Apr     11       3:00   0       -
 908 Rule    Morocco 2021    only    -       May     16       2:00   1:00    S
 909 Rule    Morocco 2022    only    -       May      8       2:00   1:00    S
 910 Rule    Morocco 2023    only    -       Apr     23       2:00   1:00    S
 911 Rule    Morocco 2024    only    -       Apr     14       2:00   1:00    S
 912 Rule    Morocco 2025    only    -       Apr      6       2:00   1:00    S
 913 Rule    Morocco 2026    max     -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    S
 914 Rule    Morocco 2036    only    -       Oct     19       3:00   0       -
 915 Rule    Morocco 2037    only    -       Oct      4       3:00   0       -
 916 
 917 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 918 Zone Africa/Casablanca  -0:30:20 -      LMT     1913 Oct 26
 919                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT   1984 Mar 16
 920                          1:00   -       CET     1986
 921                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 922 
 923 # Western Sahara
 924 #
 925 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
 926 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
 927 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
 928 # Morocco does.
 929 #
 930 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
 931 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 932 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 933 
 934 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 935                         -1:00   -       WAT     1976 Apr 14
 936                          0:00   Morocco WE%sT
 937 
 938 # Mozambique
 939 #
 940 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
 941 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 942 # http://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 943 # merely made it official?
 944 #
 945 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 946 Zone    Africa/Maputo   2:10:20 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 947                         2:00    -       CAT
 948 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre      # Malawi
 949 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura     # Burundi
 950 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone      # Botswana
 951 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare        # Zimbabwe
 952 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali        # Rwanda
 953 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi    # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
 954 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka        # Zambia
 955 
 956 # Namibia
 957 # The 1994-04-03 transition is from Shanks & Pottenger.
 958 # Shanks & Pottenger report no DST after 1998-04; go with IATA.
 959 
 960 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
 961 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
 962 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
 963 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
 964 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
 965 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
 966 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
 967 # of the country.
 968 #
 969 # From Paul Eggert (2007-03-31):
 970 # Apparently the Caprivi Strip informally observes Botswana time, but
 971 # we have no details.  In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
 972 
 973 # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 974 Rule    Namibia 1994    max     -       Sep     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    S
 975 Rule    Namibia 1995    max     -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    0       -
 976 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 977 Zone    Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 -       LMT     1892 Feb 8
 978                         1:30    -       SWAT    1903 Mar    # SW Africa Time
 979                         2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20  2:00
 980                         2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21  2:00
 981                         2:00    -       SAST    1990 Mar 21 # independence
 982                         2:00    -       CAT     1994 Apr  3
 983                         1:00    Namibia WA%sT
 984 
 985 # Niger
 986 # See Africa/Lagos.
 987 
 988 # Nigeria
 989 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 990 Zone    Africa/Lagos    0:13:36 -       LMT     1919 Sep
 991                         1:00    -       WAT
 992 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui      # Central African Republic
 993 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
 994 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala      # Cameroon
 995 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
 996 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
 997 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda      # Angola
 998 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo      # Equatorial Guinea
 999 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey      # Niger
1000 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
1001 
1002 # Réunion
1003 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1004 Zone    Indian/Reunion  3:41:52 -       LMT     1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1005                         4:00    -       RET     # Réunion Time
1006 #
1007 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1008 #
1009 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1010 # The following information about them is taken from
1011 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1012 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1013 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1014 #
1015 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1016 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1017 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1018 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1019 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1020 
1021 # Rwanda
1022 # See Africa/Maputo.
1023 
1024 # St Helena
1025 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1026 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1027 #       Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1028 #       Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1029 #       Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1030 #               on GMT, says the CIA
1031 #       Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1032 
1033 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1034 # Senegal
1035 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1036 
1037 # Seychelles
1038 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1039 Zone    Indian/Mahe     3:41:48 -       LMT     1906 Jun # Victoria
1040                         4:00    -       SCT     # Seychelles Time
1041 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1042 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1043 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1044 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1045 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1046 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1047 
1048 # Sierra Leone
1049 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1050 
1051 # Somalia
1052 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1053 
1054 # South Africa
1055 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1056 Rule    SA      1942    1943    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    1:00    -
1057 Rule    SA      1943    1944    -       Mar     Sun>=15      2:00    0       -
1058 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1059 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -      LMT     1892 Feb 8
1060                         1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
1061                         2:00    SA      SAST
1062 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru     # Lesotho
1063 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane    # Swaziland
1064 #
1065 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1066 # scientific station since 1947
1067 # no information
1068 
1069 # Sudan
1070 #
1071 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1072 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1073 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1074 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1075 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1076 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1077 #
1078 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1079 Rule    Sudan   1970    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
1080 Rule    Sudan   1970    1985    -       Oct     15      0:00    0       -
1081 Rule    Sudan   1971    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
1082 Rule    Sudan   1972    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1083 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1084 Zone    Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 -       LMT     1931
1085                         2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
1086                         3:00    -       EAT
1087 
1088 # South Sudan
1089 Link Africa/Khartoum Africa/Juba
1090 
1091 # Swaziland
1092 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1093 
1094 # Tanzania
1095 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1096 
1097 # Togo
1098 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1099 
1100 # Tunisia
1101 
1102 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1103 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1104 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1105 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1106 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1107 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1108 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1109 # Saturday."  (My translation)
1110 #
1111 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1112 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1113 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1114 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1115 # 1h standard time.
1116 #
1117 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1118 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1119 # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1120 # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1121 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1122 
1123 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1124 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1125 # (Arabic)
1126 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1127 # http://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1128 #
1129 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1130 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1131 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1132 
1133 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1134 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1135 #
1136 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1137 #
1138 # (in English)
1139 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1140 #
1141 # (in Arabic)
1142 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1143 
1144 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1145 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1146 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1147 # concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1148 # unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1149 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1150 
1151 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1152 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1153 #
1154 # (translation):
1155 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1156 # Sunday...
1157 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1158 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1159 #
1160 # (in Arabic)
1161 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1162 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1163 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1164 
1165 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1166 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
1167 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Nov     18      23:00s  0       -
1168 Rule    Tunisia 1940    only    -       Feb     25      23:00s  1:00    S
1169 Rule    Tunisia 1941    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   0       -
1170 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Mar      9       0:00   1:00    S
1171 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Nov      2       3:00   0       -
1172 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00   1:00    S
1173 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     17       2:00   0       -
1174 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     25       2:00   1:00    S
1175 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00   0       -
1176 Rule    Tunisia 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1        2:00   1:00    S
1177 Rule    Tunisia 1944    only    -       Oct      8       0:00   0       -
1178 Rule    Tunisia 1945    only    -       Sep     16       0:00   0       -
1179 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Apr     30       0:00s  1:00    S
1180 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Sep     24       0:00s  0       -
1181 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1182 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -
1183 Rule    Tunisia 1988    only    -       Jun      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1184 Rule    Tunisia 1988    1990    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
1185 Rule    Tunisia 1989    only    -       Mar     26       0:00s  1:00    S
1186 Rule    Tunisia 1990    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1187 Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1188 Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       Sep     30       1:00s  0       -
1189 Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
1190 Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
1191 
1192 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1193 # more precise 0:09:21.
1194 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1195 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1196 Zone    Africa/Tunis    0:40:44 -       LMT     1881 May 12
1197                         0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1198                         1:00    Tunisia CE%sT
1199 
1200 # Uganda
1201 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1202 
1203 # Zambia
1204 # Zimbabwe
1205 # See Africa/Maputo.