1 # 2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 3 # 4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this 7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 8 # by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 9 # 10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 14 # accompanied this code). 15 # 16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 19 # 20 # Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara, 21 # CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or 22 # have any questions. 23 # 24 # <pre> 25 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of 26 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson. 27 28 # This file also includes Pacific islands. 29 30 # Notes are at the end of this file 31 32 ############################################################################### 33 34 # Australia 35 36 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc. 37 38 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 39 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 - 40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 - 41 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 - 42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 - 43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Sep 27 2:00 1:00 - 44 Rule Aus 1943 1944 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 45 Rule Aus 1943 only - Oct 3 2:00 1:00 - 46 # Go with Whitman and the Australian National Standards Commission, which 47 # says W Australia didn't use DST in 1943/1944. Ignore Whitman's claim that 48 # 1944/1945 was just like 1943/1944. 49 50 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 51 # Northern Territory 52 Zone Australia/Darwin 8:43:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 53 9:00 - CST 1899 May 54 9:30 Aus CST 55 # Western Australia 56 # 57 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 58 Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 59 Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 60 Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 61 Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 62 Rule AW 1991 only - Nov 17 2:00s 1:00 - 63 Rule AW 1992 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 64 Rule AW 2006 only - Dec 3 2:00s 1:00 - 65 Rule AW 2007 2009 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 66 Rule AW 2007 2008 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 67 Zone Australia/Perth 7:43:24 - LMT 1895 Dec 68 8:00 Aus WST 1943 Jul 69 8:00 AW WST 70 Zone Australia/Eucla 8:35:28 - LMT 1895 Dec 71 8:45 Aus CWST 1943 Jul 72 8:45 AW CWST 73 74 # Queensland 75 # 76 # From Alex Livingston (1996-11-01): 77 # I have heard or read more than once that some resort islands off the coast 78 # of Queensland chose to keep observing daylight-saving time even after 79 # Queensland ceased to. 80 # 81 # From Paul Eggert (1996-11-22): 82 # IATA SSIM (1993-02/1994-09) say that the Holiday Islands (Hayman, Lindeman, 83 # Hamilton) observed DST for two years after the rest of Queensland stopped. 84 # Hamilton is the largest, but there is also a Hamilton in Victoria, 85 # so use Lindeman. 86 # 87 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 88 Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 89 Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 90 Rule AQ 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 91 Rule AQ 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 92 Rule Holiday 1992 1993 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 93 Rule Holiday 1993 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 94 Zone Australia/Brisbane 10:12:08 - LMT 1895 95 10:00 Aus EST 1971 96 10:00 AQ EST 97 Zone Australia/Lindeman 9:55:56 - LMT 1895 98 10:00 Aus EST 1971 99 10:00 AQ EST 1992 Jul 100 10:00 Holiday EST 101 102 # South Australia 103 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 104 Rule AS 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 105 Rule AS 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 106 Rule AS 1987 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 107 Rule AS 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 108 Rule AS 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 109 Rule AS 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 110 Rule AS 1990 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 111 Rule AS 1991 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 112 Rule AS 1992 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 113 Rule AS 1993 only - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 114 Rule AS 1994 only - Mar Sun>=18 2:00s 0 - 115 Rule AS 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 116 Rule AS 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 117 Rule AS 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 118 Rule AS 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 119 Rule AS 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 120 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 121 Zone Australia/Adelaide 9:14:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 122 9:00 - CST 1899 May 123 9:30 Aus CST 1971 124 9:30 AS CST 125 126 # Tasmania 127 # 128 # From Paul Eggert (2005-08-16): 129 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml> 130 # says King Island didn't observe DST from WWII until late 1971. 131 # 132 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 133 Rule AT 1967 only - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 134 Rule AT 1968 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 135 Rule AT 1968 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 136 Rule AT 1969 1971 - Mar Sun>=8 2:00s 0 - 137 Rule AT 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 138 Rule AT 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 139 Rule AT 1982 1983 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 140 Rule AT 1984 1986 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 141 Rule AT 1986 only - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 142 Rule AT 1987 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 143 Rule AT 1987 only - Oct Sun>=22 2:00s 1:00 - 144 Rule AT 1988 1990 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 145 Rule AT 1991 1999 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 146 Rule AT 1991 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 147 Rule AT 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 148 Rule AT 2001 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 149 Rule AT 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 150 Rule AT 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 151 Rule AT 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 152 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 153 Zone Australia/Hobart 9:49:16 - LMT 1895 Sep 154 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 155 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 156 10:00 Aus EST 1967 157 10:00 AT EST 158 Zone Australia/Currie 9:35:28 - LMT 1895 Sep 159 10:00 - EST 1916 Oct 1 2:00 160 10:00 1:00 EST 1917 Feb 161 10:00 Aus EST 1971 Jul 162 10:00 AT EST 163 164 # Victoria 165 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 166 Rule AV 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 167 Rule AV 1972 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 - 168 Rule AV 1973 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 169 Rule AV 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 170 Rule AV 1986 1987 - Oct Sun>=15 2:00s 1:00 - 171 Rule AV 1988 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 172 Rule AV 1991 1994 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 173 Rule AV 1995 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 174 Rule AV 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 175 Rule AV 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 176 Rule AV 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 177 Rule AV 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 178 Rule AV 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 179 Rule AV 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 180 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 181 Zone Australia/Melbourne 9:39:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 182 10:00 Aus EST 1971 183 10:00 AV EST 184 185 # New South Wales 186 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 187 Rule AN 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 188 Rule AN 1972 only - Feb 27 2:00s 0 - 189 Rule AN 1973 1981 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 190 Rule AN 1982 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 191 Rule AN 1983 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 192 Rule AN 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 - 193 Rule AN 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00s 1:00 - 194 Rule AN 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 195 Rule AN 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 196 Rule AN 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 197 Rule AN 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 198 Rule AN 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 - 199 Rule AN 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 200 Rule AN 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00s 0 - 201 Rule AN 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 - 202 Rule AN 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 - 203 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 204 Zone Australia/Sydney 10:04:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 205 10:00 Aus EST 1971 206 10:00 AN EST 207 Zone Australia/Broken_Hill 9:25:48 - LMT 1895 Feb 208 10:00 - EST 1896 Aug 23 209 9:00 - CST 1899 May 210 9:30 Aus CST 1971 211 9:30 AN CST 2000 212 9:30 AS CST 213 214 # Lord Howe Island 215 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 216 Rule LH 1981 1984 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 - 217 Rule LH 1982 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 218 Rule LH 1985 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 219 Rule LH 1986 1989 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 - 220 Rule LH 1986 only - Oct 19 2:00 0:30 - 221 Rule LH 1987 1999 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 222 Rule LH 1990 1995 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 223 Rule LH 1996 2005 - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 224 Rule LH 2000 only - Aug lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 225 Rule LH 2001 2007 - Oct lastSun 2:00 0:30 - 226 Rule LH 2006 only - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 227 Rule LH 2007 only - Mar lastSun 2:00 0 - 228 Rule LH 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00 0 - 229 Rule LH 2008 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 0:30 - 230 Zone Australia/Lord_Howe 10:36:20 - LMT 1895 Feb 231 10:00 - EST 1981 Mar 232 10:30 LH LHST 233 234 # Australian miscellany 235 # 236 # Ashmore Is, Cartier 237 # no indigenous inhabitants; only seasonal caretakers 238 # no times are set 239 # 240 # Coral Sea Is 241 # no indigenous inhabitants; only meteorologists 242 # no times are set 243 # 244 # Macquarie 245 # permanent occupation (scientific station) since 1948; 246 # sealing and penguin oil station operated 1888/1917 247 # like Australia/Hobart 248 249 # Christmas 250 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 251 Zone Indian/Christmas 7:02:52 - LMT 1895 Feb 252 7:00 - CXT # Christmas Island Time 253 254 # Cook Is 255 # From Shanks & Pottenger: 256 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 257 Rule Cook 1978 only - Nov 12 0:00 0:30 HS 258 Rule Cook 1979 1991 - Mar Sun>=1 0:00 0 - 259 Rule Cook 1979 1990 - Oct lastSun 0:00 0:30 HS 260 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 261 Zone Pacific/Rarotonga -10:39:04 - LMT 1901 # Avarua 262 -10:30 - CKT 1978 Nov 12 # Cook Is Time 263 -10:00 Cook CK%sT 264 265 # Cocos 266 # These islands were ruled by the Ross family from about 1830 to 1978. 267 # We don't know when standard time was introduced; for now, we guess 1900. 268 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 269 Zone Indian/Cocos 6:27:40 - LMT 1900 270 6:30 - CCT # Cocos Islands Time 271 272 # Fiji 273 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 274 Rule Fiji 1998 1999 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 275 Rule Fiji 1999 2000 - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 - 276 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 277 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:53:40 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva 278 12:00 Fiji FJ%sT # Fiji Time 279 280 # French Polynesia 281 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 282 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea 283 -9:00 - GAMT # Gambier Time 284 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct 285 -9:30 - MART # Marquesas Time 286 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete 287 -10:00 - TAHT # Tahiti Time 288 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia; 289 # it is uninhabited. 290 291 # Guam 292 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 293 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 294 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana 295 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam 296 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 297 298 # Kiribati 299 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 300 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki 301 12:00 - GILT # Gilbert Is Time 302 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901 303 -12:00 - PHOT 1979 Oct # Phoenix Is Time 304 -11:00 - PHOT 1995 305 13:00 - PHOT 306 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901 307 -10:40 - LINT 1979 Oct # Line Is Time 308 -10:00 - LINT 1995 309 14:00 - LINT 310 311 # N Mariana Is 312 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 313 Zone Pacific/Saipan -14:17:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 314 9:43:00 - LMT 1901 315 9:00 - MPT 1969 Oct # N Mariana Is Time 316 10:00 - MPT 2000 Dec 23 317 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time 318 319 # Marshall Is 320 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 321 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901 322 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct # Marshall Islands Time 323 12:00 - MHT 324 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901 325 11:00 - MHT 1969 Oct 326 -12:00 - KWAT 1993 Aug 20 # Kwajalein Time 327 12:00 - MHT 328 329 # Micronesia 330 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 331 Zone Pacific/Truk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901 332 10:00 - TRUT # Truk Time 333 Zone Pacific/Ponape 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia 334 11:00 - PONT # Ponape Time 335 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901 336 11:00 - KOST 1969 Oct # Kosrae Time 337 12:00 - KOST 1999 338 11:00 - KOST 339 340 # Nauru 341 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 342 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe 343 11:30 - NRT 1942 Mar 15 # Nauru Time 344 9:00 - JST 1944 Aug 15 345 11:30 - NRT 1979 May 346 12:00 - NRT 347 348 # New Caledonia 349 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 350 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 S 351 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 - 352 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 S 353 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA. 354 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 - 355 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 356 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 357 11:00 NC NC%sT 358 359 360 ############################################################################### 361 362 # New Zealand 363 364 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 365 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S 366 Rule NZ 1928 only - Mar 4 2:00 0 M 367 Rule NZ 1928 1933 - Oct Sun>=8 2:00 0:30 S 368 Rule NZ 1929 1933 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00 0 M 369 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Apr lastSun 2:00 0 M 370 Rule NZ 1934 1940 - Sep lastSun 2:00 0:30 S 371 Rule NZ 1946 only - Jan 1 0:00 0 S 372 # Since 1957 Chatham has been 45 minutes ahead of NZ, but there's no 373 # convenient notation for this so we must duplicate the Rule lines. 374 Rule NZ 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 375 Rule Chatham 1974 only - Nov Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 376 Rule NZ 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:00s 0 S 377 Rule Chatham 1975 only - Feb lastSun 2:45s 0 S 378 Rule NZ 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 379 Rule Chatham 1975 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 380 Rule NZ 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 381 Rule Chatham 1976 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 382 Rule NZ 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:00s 1:00 D 383 Rule Chatham 1989 only - Oct Sun>=8 2:45s 1:00 D 384 Rule NZ 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:00s 1:00 D 385 Rule Chatham 1990 2006 - Oct Sun>=1 2:45s 1:00 D 386 Rule NZ 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:00s 0 S 387 Rule Chatham 1990 2007 - Mar Sun>=15 2:45s 0 S 388 Rule NZ 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:00s 1:00 D 389 Rule Chatham 2007 max - Sep lastSun 2:45s 1:00 D 390 Rule NZ 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:00s 0 S 391 Rule Chatham 2008 max - Apr Sun>=1 2:45s 0 S 392 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 393 Zone Pacific/Auckland 11:39:04 - LMT 1868 Nov 2 394 11:30 NZ NZ%sT 1946 Jan 1 395 12:00 NZ NZ%sT 396 Zone Pacific/Chatham 12:13:48 - LMT 1957 Jan 1 397 12:45 Chatham CHA%sT 398 399 400 # Auckland Is 401 # uninhabited; Maori and Moriori, colonial settlers, pastoralists, sealers, 402 # and scientific personnel have wintered 403 404 # Campbell I 405 # minor whaling stations operated 1909/1914 406 # scientific station operated 1941/1995; 407 # previously whalers, sealers, pastoralists, and scientific personnel wintered 408 # was probably like Pacific/Auckland 409 410 ############################################################################### 411 412 413 # Niue 414 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 415 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi 416 -11:20 - NUT 1951 # Niue Time 417 -11:30 - NUT 1978 Oct 1 418 -11:00 - NUT 419 420 # Norfolk 421 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 422 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston 423 11:12 - NMT 1951 # Norfolk Mean Time 424 11:30 - NFT # Norfolk Time 425 426 # Palau (Belau) 427 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 428 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror 429 9:00 - PWT # Palau Time 430 431 # Papua New Guinea 432 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 433 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880 434 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time 435 10:00 - PGT # Papua New Guinea Time 436 437 # Pitcairn 438 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 439 Zone Pacific/Pitcairn -8:40:20 - LMT 1901 # Adamstown 440 -8:30 - PNT 1998 Apr 27 00:00 441 -8:00 - PST # Pitcairn Standard Time 442 443 # American Samoa 444 Zone Pacific/Pago_Pago 12:37:12 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 445 -11:22:48 - LMT 1911 446 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 447 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 448 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 449 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 450 451 # Samoa 452 453 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2008-12-06): 454 # The Samoa government (Western Samoa) may implement DST on the first Sunday of 455 # October 2009 (October 4, 2009) until the last Sunday of March 2010 (March 28, 456 # 2010). 457 # 458 # "Selected Committee reports to Cabinet on Daylight Saving Time", 459 # Government of Samoa: 460 # <a href="http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560"> 461 # http://www.govt.ws/pr_article.cfm?pr_id=560 462 # </a> 463 # or 464 # <a href="http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html"> 465 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_samoa01.html 466 # </a> 467 468 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-27): 469 # Samoa's parliament passed the Daylight Saving Bill 2009, and will start 470 # daylight saving time on the first Sunday of October 2009 and end on the 471 # last Sunday of March 2010. We hope that the full text will be published 472 # soon, but we believe that the bill is only valid for 2009-2010. Samoa's 473 # Daylight Saving Act 2009 will be enforced as soon as the Head of State 474 # executes a proclamation publicizing this Act. 475 # 476 # Some background information here, which will be updated once we have 477 # more details: 478 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html"> 479 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/samoa-dst-plan-2009.html 480 # </a> 481 482 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-10-03): 483 # First, my deepest condolences to people of Samoa islands and all families and 484 # loved ones around the world who lost their lives in the earthquake and tsunami. 485 # 486 # Considering the recent devastation on Samoa by earthquake and tsunami and that 487 # many government offices/ ministers are closed- not sure if "Daylight Saving 488 # Bill 2009" will be implemented in next few days- on October 4, 2009. 489 # 490 # Here is reply from Consulate-General of Samoa in New Zealand 491 # --------------------------- 492 # Consul General 493 # consulgeneral@samoaconsulate.org.nz 494 # 495 # Talofa Alexander, 496 # 497 # Thank you for your sympathy for our country but at this time we have not 498 # been informed about the Daylight Savings Time Change. Most Ministries in 499 # Apia are closed or relocating due to weather concerns. 500 # 501 # When we do find out if they are still proceeding with the time change we 502 # will advise you soonest. 503 # 504 # Kind Regards, 505 # Lana 506 # for: Consul General 507 508 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-10-05): 509 # We have called a hotel in Samoa and asked about local time there - they 510 # are still on standard time. 511 512 Zone Pacific/Apia 12:33:04 - LMT 1879 Jul 5 513 -11:26:56 - LMT 1911 514 -11:30 - SAMT 1950 # Samoa Time 515 -11:00 - WST 2009 Oct 4 516 -11:00 1:00 WSDT 2010 Mar 28 517 -11:00 - WST 518 519 # Solomon Is 520 # excludes Bougainville, for which see Papua New Guinea 521 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 522 Zone Pacific/Guadalcanal 10:39:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Honiara 523 11:00 - SBT # Solomon Is Time 524 525 # Tokelau Is 526 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 527 Zone Pacific/Fakaofo -11:24:56 - LMT 1901 528 -10:00 - TKT # Tokelau Time 529 530 # Tonga 531 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 532 Rule Tonga 1999 only - Oct 7 2:00s 1:00 S 533 Rule Tonga 2000 only - Mar 19 2:00s 0 - 534 Rule Tonga 2000 2001 - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 S 535 Rule Tonga 2001 2002 - Jan lastSun 2:00 0 - 536 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 537 Zone Pacific/Tongatapu 12:19:20 - LMT 1901 538 12:20 - TOT 1941 # Tonga Time 539 13:00 - TOT 1999 540 13:00 Tonga TO%sT 541 542 # Tuvalu 543 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 544 Zone Pacific/Funafuti 11:56:52 - LMT 1901 545 12:00 - TVT # Tuvalu Time 546 547 548 # US minor outlying islands 549 550 # Howland, Baker 551 # Howland was mined for guano by American companies 1857-1878 and British 552 # 1886-1891; Baker was similar but exact dates are not known. 553 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; U.S. military bases 1943-1944; 554 # uninhabited thereafter. 555 # Howland observed Hawaii Standard Time (UTC-10:30) in 1937; 556 # see page 206 of Elgen M. Long and Marie K. Long, 557 # Amelia Earhart: the Mystery Solved, Simon & Schuster (2000). 558 # So most likely Howland and Baker observed Hawaii Time from 1935 559 # until they were abandoned after the war. 560 561 # Jarvis 562 # Mined for guano by American companies 1857-1879 and British 1883?-1891?. 563 # Inhabited by civilians 1935-1942; IGY scientific base 1957-1958; 564 # uninhabited thereafter. 565 # no information; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 566 567 # Johnston 568 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 569 Zone Pacific/Johnston -10:00 - HST 570 571 # Kingman 572 # uninhabited 573 574 # Midway 575 # 576 # From Mark Brader (2005-01-23): 577 # [Fallacies and Fantasies of Air Transport History, by R.E.G. Davies, 578 # published 1994 by Paladwr Press, McLean, VA, USA; ISBN 0-9626483-5-3] 579 # reproduced a Pan American Airways timeables from 1936, for their weekly 580 # "Orient Express" flights between San Francisco and Manila, and connecting 581 # flights to Chicago and the US East Coast. As it uses some time zone 582 # designations that I've never seen before:.... 583 # Fri. 6:30A Lv. HONOLOLU (Pearl Harbor), H.I. H.L.T. Ar. 5:30P Sun. 584 # " 3:00P Ar. MIDWAY ISLAND . . . . . . . . . M.L.T. Lv. 6:00A " 585 # 586 Zone Pacific/Midway -11:49:28 - LMT 1901 587 -11:00 - NST 1956 Jun 3 588 -11:00 1:00 NDT 1956 Sep 2 589 -11:00 - NST 1967 Apr # N=Nome 590 -11:00 - BST 1983 Nov 30 # B=Bering 591 -11:00 - SST # S=Samoa 592 593 # Palmyra 594 # uninhabited since World War II; was probably like Pacific/Kiritimati 595 596 # Wake 597 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 598 Zone Pacific/Wake 11:06:28 - LMT 1901 599 12:00 - WAKT # Wake Time 600 601 602 # Vanuatu 603 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S 604 Rule Vanuatu 1983 only - Sep 25 0:00 1:00 S 605 Rule Vanuatu 1984 1991 - Mar Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 606 Rule Vanuatu 1984 only - Oct 23 0:00 1:00 S 607 Rule Vanuatu 1985 1991 - Sep Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 608 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 - 609 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 S 610 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 611 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila 612 11:00 Vanuatu VU%sT # Vanuatu Time 613 614 # Wallis and Futuna 615 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL] 616 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901 617 12:00 - WFT # Wallis & Futuna Time 618 619 ############################################################################### 620 621 # NOTES 622 623 # This data is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better, 624 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to 625 # tz@elsie.nci.nih.gov for general use in the future). 626 627 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 628 # A good source for time zone historical data outside the U.S. is 629 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition), 630 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003). 631 # 632 # Gwillim Law writes that a good source 633 # for recent time zone data is the International Air Transport 634 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM), 635 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries 636 # of the IATA's data after 1990. 637 # 638 # Except where otherwise noted, Shanks & Pottenger is the source for 639 # entries through 1990, and IATA SSIM is the source for entries afterwards. 640 # 641 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences, 642 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which 643 # I found in the UCLA library. 644 # 645 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is 646 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997). 647 # 648 # I invented the abbreviations marked `*' in the following table; 649 # the rest are from earlier versions of this file, or from other sources. 650 # Corrections are welcome! 651 # std dst 652 # LMT Local Mean Time 653 # 8:00 WST WST Western Australia 654 # 8:45 CWST CWST Central Western Australia* 655 # 9:00 JST Japan 656 # 9:30 CST CST Central Australia 657 # 10:00 EST EST Eastern Australia 658 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro 659 # 10:30 LHST LHST Lord Howe* 660 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945 661 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present 662 # 12:45 CHAST CHADT Chatham* 663 # -11:00 SST Samoa 664 # -10:00 HST Hawaii 665 # - 8:00 PST Pitcairn* 666 # 667 # See the `northamerica' file for Hawaii. 668 # See the `southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galapagos Is. 669 670 ############################################################################### 671 672 # Australia 673 674 # From Paul Eggert (2005-12-08): 675 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/dst_times.shtml"> 676 # Implementation Dates of Daylight Saving Time within Australia 677 # </a> summarizes daylight saving issues in Australia. 678 679 # From Arthur David Olson (2005-12-12): 680 # <a href="http://www.lawlink.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/Corporate/ll_agdinfo.nsf/pages/community_relations_daylight_saving"> 681 # Lawlink NSW:Daylight Saving in New South Wales 682 # </a> covers New South Wales in particular. 683 684 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 685 # We in Australia have _never_ referred to DST as `daylight' time. 686 # It is called `summer' time. Now by a happy coincidence, `summer' 687 # and `standard' happen to start with the same letter; hence, the 688 # abbreviation does _not_ change... 689 # The legislation does not actually define abbreviations, at least 690 # in this State, but the abbreviation is just commonly taken to be the 691 # initials of the phrase, and the legislation here uniformly uses 692 # the phrase `summer time' and does not use the phrase `daylight 693 # time'. 694 # Announcers on the Commonwealth radio network, the ABC (for Australian 695 # Broadcasting Commission), use the phrases `Eastern Standard Time' 696 # or `Eastern Summer Time'. (Note, though, that as I say in the 697 # current australasia file, there is really no such thing.) Announcers 698 # on its overseas service, Radio Australia, use the same phrases 699 # prefixed by the word `Australian' when referring to local times; 700 # time announcements on that service, naturally enough, are made in UTC. 701 702 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 703 # Given the above, what's chosen for year-round use is: 704 # CST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 9:30 705 # WST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 8:00 706 # EST for any place operating at a GMTOFF of 10:00 707 708 # From Chuck Soper (2006-06-01): 709 # I recently found this Australian government web page on time zones: 710 # <http://www.australia.gov.au/about-australia-13time> 711 # And this government web page lists time zone names and abbreviations: 712 # <http://www.bom.gov.au/climate/averages/tables/daysavtm.shtml> 713 714 # From Paul Eggert (2001-04-05), summarizing a long discussion about "EST" 715 # versus "AEST" etc.: 716 # 717 # I see the following points of dispute: 718 # 719 # * How important are unique time zone abbreviations? 720 # 721 # Here I tend to agree with the point (most recently made by Chris 722 # Newman) that unique abbreviations should not be essential for proper 723 # operation of software. We have other instances of ambiguity 724 # (e.g. "IST" denoting both "Israel Standard Time" and "Indian 725 # Standard Time"), and they are not likely to go away any time soon. 726 # In the old days, some software mistakenly relied on unique 727 # abbreviations, but this is becoming less true with time, and I don't 728 # think it's that important to cater to such software these days. 729 # 730 # On the other hand, there is another motivation for unambiguous 731 # abbreviations: it cuts down on human confusion. This is 732 # particularly true for Australia, where "EST" can mean one thing for 733 # time T and a different thing for time T plus 1 second. 734 # 735 # * Does the relevant legislation indicate which abbreviations should be used? 736 # 737 # Here I tend to think that things are a mess, just as they are in 738 # many other countries. We Americans are currently disagreeing about 739 # which abbreviation to use for the newly legislated Chamorro Standard 740 # Time, for example. 741 # 742 # Personally, I would prefer to use common practice; I would like to 743 # refer to legislation only for examples of common practice, or as a 744 # tiebreaker. 745 # 746 # * Do Australians more often use "Eastern Daylight Time" or "Eastern 747 # Summer Time"? Do they typically prefix the time zone names with 748 # the word "Australian"? 749 # 750 # My own impression is that both "Daylight Time" and "Summer Time" are 751 # common and are widely understood, but that "Summer Time" is more 752 # popular; and that the leading "A" is also common but is omitted more 753 # often than not. I just used AltaVista advanced search and got the 754 # following count of page hits: 755 # 756 # 1,103 "Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 757 # 971 "Australian Eastern Summer Time" AND domain:au 758 # 613 "Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 759 # 127 "Australian Eastern Daylight Time" AND domain:au 760 # 761 # Here "Summer" seems quite a bit more popular than "Daylight", 762 # particularly when we know the time zone is Australian and not US, 763 # say. The "Australian" prefix seems to be popular for Eastern Summer 764 # Time, but unpopular for Eastern Daylight Time. 765 # 766 # For abbreviations, tools like AltaVista are less useful because of 767 # ambiguity. Many hits are not really time zones, unfortunately, and 768 # many hits denote US time zones and not Australian ones. But here 769 # are the hit counts anyway: 770 # 771 # 161,304 "EST" and domain:au 772 # 25,156 "EDT" and domain:au 773 # 18,263 "AEST" and domain:au 774 # 10,416 "AEDT" and domain:au 775 # 776 # 14,538 "CST" and domain:au 777 # 5,728 "CDT" and domain:au 778 # 176 "ACST" and domain:au 779 # 29 "ACDT" and domain:au 780 # 781 # 7,539 "WST" and domain:au 782 # 68 "AWST" and domain:au 783 # 784 # This data suggest that Australians tend to omit the "A" prefix in 785 # practice. The situation for "ST" versus "DT" is less clear, given 786 # the ambiguities involved. 787 # 788 # * How do Australians feel about the abbreviations in the tz database? 789 # 790 # If you just count Australians on this list, I count 2 in favor and 3 791 # against. One of the "against" votes (David Keegel) counseled delay, 792 # saying that both AEST/AEDT and EST/EST are widely used and 793 # understood in Australia. 794 795 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19): 796 # Shanks & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 797 # Mark Prior writes that his newspaper 798 # reports that NSW's fall 1995 change will occur at 2:00, 799 # but Robert Elz says it's been 3:00 in Victoria since 1970 800 # and perhaps the newspaper's `2:00' is referring to standard time. 801 # For now we'll continue to assume 2:00s for changes since 1960. 802 803 # From Eric Ulevik (1998-01-05): 804 # 805 # Here are some URLs to Australian time legislation. These URLs are stable, 806 # and should probably be included in the data file. There are probably more 807 # relevant entries in this database. 808 # 809 # NSW (including LHI and Broken Hill): 810 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/nsw/consol_act/sta1987137/index.html"> 811 # Standard Time Act 1987 (updated 1995-04-04) 812 # </a> 813 # ACT 814 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/act/consol_act/stasta1972279/index.html"> 815 # Standard Time and Summer Time Act 1972 816 # </a> 817 # SA 818 # <a href="http://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/sa/consol_act/sta1898137/index.html"> 819 # Standard Time Act, 1898 820 # </a> 821 822 # From David Grosz (2005-06-13): 823 # It was announced last week that Daylight Saving would be extended by 824 # one week next year to allow for the 2006 Commonwealth Games. 825 # Daylight Saving is now to end for next year only on the first Sunday 826 # in April instead of the last Sunday in March. 827 # 828 # From Gwillim Law (2005-06-14): 829 # I did some Googling and found that all of those states (and territory) plan 830 # to extend DST together in 2006. 831 # ACT: http://www.cmd.act.gov.au/mediareleases/fileread.cfm?file=86.txt 832 # New South Wales: http://www.thecouriermail.news.com.au/common/story_page/0,5936,15538869%255E1702,00.html 833 # South Australia: http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15555031-1246,00.html 834 # Tasmania: http://www.media.tas.gov.au/release.php?id=14772 835 # Victoria: I wasn't able to find anything separate, but the other articles 836 # allude to it. 837 # But not Queensland 838 # http://www.news.com.au/story/0,10117,15564030-1248,00.html. 839 840 # Northern Territory 841 842 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 843 # # The NORTHERN TERRITORY.. [ Courtesy N.T. Dept of the Chief Minister ] 844 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 845 # # N.T. have never utilised any DST due to sub-tropical/tropical location. 846 # ... 847 # Zone Australia/North 9:30 - CST 848 849 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 850 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 851 # the Northern Territory do[es] not have daylight saving. 852 853 # Western Australia 854 855 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 856 # # The state of WESTERN AUSTRALIA.. [ Courtesy W.A. dept Premier+Cabinet ] 857 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 858 # # W.A. suffers from a great deal of public and political opposition to 859 # # DST in principle. A bill is brought before parliament in most years, but 860 # # usually defeated either in the upper house, or in party caucus 861 # # before reaching parliament. 862 # ... 863 # Zone Australia/West 8:00 AW %sST 864 # ... 865 # Rule AW 1974 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 866 # Rule AW 1975 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 867 # Rule AW 1983 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 868 # Rule AW 1984 only - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 W 869 870 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 871 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 872 # Western Australia...do[es] not have daylight saving. 873 874 # From John D. Newman via Bradley White (1991-11-02): 875 # Western Australia is still on "winter time". Some DH in Sydney 876 # rang me at home a few days ago at 6.00am. (He had just arrived at 877 # work at 9.00am.) 878 # W.A. is switching to Summer Time on Nov 17th just to confuse 879 # everybody again. 880 881 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 882 # The 1992 ending date used in the rules is a best guess; 883 # it matches what was used in the past. 884 885 # <a href="http://www.bom.gov.au/faq/faqgen.htm"> 886 # The Australian Bureau of Meteorology FAQ 887 # </a> (1999-09-27) writes that Giles Meteorological Station uses 888 # South Australian time even though it's located in Western Australia. 889 890 # Queensland 891 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 892 # # The state of QUEENSLAND.. [ Courtesy Qld. Dept Premier Econ&Trade Devel ] 893 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 894 # ... 895 # Zone Australia/Queensland 10:00 AQ %sST 896 # ... 897 # Rule AQ 1971 only - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 898 # Rule AQ 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 E 899 # Rule AQ 1989 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 900 # Rule AQ 1990 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 E 901 902 # From Bradley White (1989-12-24): 903 # "Australia/Queensland" now observes daylight time (i.e. from 904 # October 1989). 905 906 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 907 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 908 # ...Queensland...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 909 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 910 911 # From John Mackin (1991-03-06): 912 # I can certainly confirm for my part that Daylight Saving in NSW did in fact 913 # end on Sunday, 3 March. I don't know at what hour, though. (It surprised 914 # me.) 915 916 # From Bradley White (1992-03-08): 917 # ...there was recently a referendum in Queensland which resulted 918 # in the experimental daylight saving system being abandoned. So, ... 919 # ... 920 # Rule QLD 1989 1991 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 921 # Rule QLD 1990 1992 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 922 # ... 923 924 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 925 # The chosen rules the union of the 1971/1972 change and the 1989-1992 changes. 926 927 # From Christopher Hunt (2006-11-21), after an advance warning 928 # from Jesper Norgaard Welen (2006-11-01): 929 # WA are trialing DST for three years. 930 # <http://www.parliament.wa.gov.au/parliament/bills.nsf/9A1B183144403DA54825721200088DF1/$File/Bill175-1B.pdf> 931 932 # From Rives McDow (2002-04-09): 933 # The most interesting region I have found consists of three towns on the 934 # southern coast.... South Australia observes daylight saving time; Western 935 # Australia does not. The two states are one and a half hours apart. The 936 # residents decided to forget about this nonsense of changing the clock so 937 # much and set the local time 20 hours and 45 minutes from the 938 # international date line, or right in the middle of the time of South 939 # Australia and Western Australia.... 940 # 941 # From Paul Eggert (2002-04-09): 942 # This is confirmed by the section entitled 943 # "What's the deal with time zones???" in 944 # <http://www.earthsci.unimelb.edu.au/~awatkins/null.html>. 945 # 946 # From Alex Livingston (2006-12-07): 947 # ... it was just on four years ago that I drove along the Eyre Highway, 948 # which passes through eastern Western Australia close to the southern 949 # coast of the continent. 950 # 951 # I paid particular attention to the time kept there. There can be no 952 # dispute that UTC+08:45 was considered "the time" from the border 953 # village just inside the border with South Australia to as far west 954 # as just east of Caiguna. There can also be no dispute that Eucla is 955 # the largest population centre in this zone.... 956 # 957 # Now that Western Australia is observing daylight saving, the 958 # question arose whether this part of the state would follow suit. I 959 # just called the border village and confirmed that indeed they have, 960 # meaning that they are now observing UTC+09:45. 961 # 962 # (2006-12-09): 963 # I personally doubt that either experimentation with daylight saving 964 # in WA or its introduction in SA had anything to do with the genesis 965 # of this time zone. My hunch is that it's been around since well 966 # before 1975. I remember seeing it noted on road maps decades ago. 967 968 # From Paul Eggert (2006-12-15): 969 # For lack of better info, assume the tradition dates back to the 970 # introduction of standard time in 1895. 971 972 973 # southeast Australia 974 # 975 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 976 # Starting autumn 2008 Victoria, NSW, South Australia, Tasmania and the ACT 977 # end DST the first Sunday in April and start DST the first Sunday in October. 978 # http://www.theage.com.au/news/national/daylight-savings-to-span-six-months/2007/06/27/1182623966703.html 979 980 981 # South Australia 982 983 # From Bradley White (1991-03-04): 984 # A recent excerpt from an Australian newspaper... 985 # ...South Australia...[has] agreed to end daylight saving 986 # at 3am tomorrow (March 3)... 987 988 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 989 # # The state of SOUTH AUSTRALIA....[ Courtesy of S.A. Dept of Labour ] 990 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 991 # ... 992 # Zone Australia/South 9:30 AS %sST 993 # ... 994 # Rule AS 1971 max - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 995 # Rule AS 1972 1985 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 996 # Rule AS 1986 1990 - Mar Sun>=15 3:00 0 C 997 # Rule AS 1991 max - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 C 998 999 # From Bradley White (1992-03-11): 1000 # Recent correspondence with a friend in Adelaide 1001 # contained the following exchange: "Due to the Adelaide Festival, 1002 # South Australia delays setting back our clocks for a few weeks." 1003 1004 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-13): 1005 # I heard that apparently (or at least, it appears that) 1006 # South Aus will have an extra 3 weeks daylight saving every even 1007 # numbered year (from 1990). That's when the Adelaide Festival 1008 # is on... 1009 1010 # From Robert Elz (1992-03-16, 00:57:07 +1000): 1011 # DST didn't end in Adelaide today (yesterday).... 1012 # But whether it's "4th Sunday" or "2nd last Sunday" I have no idea whatever... 1013 # (it's just as likely to be "the Sunday we pick for this year"...). 1014 1015 # From Bradley White (1994-04-11): 1016 # If Sun, 15 March, 1992 was at +1030 as kre asserts, but yet Sun, 20 March, 1017 # 1994 was at +0930 as John Connolly's customer seems to assert, then I can 1018 # only conclude that the actual rule is more complicated.... 1019 1020 # From John Warburton (1994-10-07): 1021 # The new Daylight Savings dates for South Australia ... 1022 # was gazetted in the Government Hansard on Sep 26 1994.... 1023 # start on last Sunday in October and end in last sunday in March. 1024 1025 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1026 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1027 1028 # Tasmania 1029 1030 # The rules for 1967 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1031 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1032 # # The state of TASMANIA.. [Courtesy Tasmanian Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1033 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1034 1035 # From Bill Hart via Guy Harris (1991-10-10): 1036 # Oh yes, the new daylight savings rules are uniquely tasmanian, we have 1037 # 6 weeks a year now when we are out of sync with the rest of Australia 1038 # (but nothing new about that). 1039 1040 # From Alex Livingston (1999-10-04): 1041 # I heard on the ABC (Australian Broadcasting Corporation) radio news on the 1042 # (long) weekend that Tasmania, which usually goes its own way in this regard, 1043 # has decided to join with most of NSW, the ACT, and most of Victoria 1044 # (Australia) and start daylight saving on the last Sunday in August in 2000 1045 # instead of the first Sunday in October. 1046 1047 # Sim Alam (2000-07-03) reported a legal citation for the 2000/2001 rules: 1048 # http://www.thelaw.tas.gov.au/fragview/42++1968+GS3A@EN+2000070300 1049 1050 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1051 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1052 1053 # Victoria 1054 1055 # The rules for 1971 through 1991 were reported by George Shepherd 1056 # via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1057 # # The state of VICTORIA.. [ Courtesy of Vic. Dept of Premier + Cabinet ] 1058 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1059 1060 # From Scott Harrington (2001-08-29): 1061 # On KQED's "City Arts and Lectures" program last night I heard an 1062 # interesting story about daylight savings time. Dr. John Heilbron was 1063 # discussing his book "The Sun in the Church: Cathedrals as Solar 1064 # Observatories"[1], and in particular the Shrine of Remembrance[2] located 1065 # in Melbourne, Australia. 1066 # 1067 # Apparently the shrine's main purpose is a beam of sunlight which 1068 # illuminates a special spot on the floor at the 11th hour of the 11th day 1069 # of the 11th month (Remembrance Day) every year in memory of Australia's 1070 # fallen WWI soldiers. And if you go there on Nov. 11, at 11am local time, 1071 # you will indeed see the sunbeam illuminate the special spot at the 1072 # expected time. 1073 # 1074 # However, that is only because of some special mirror contraption that had 1075 # to be employed, since due to daylight savings time, the true solar time of 1076 # the remembrance moment occurs one hour later (or earlier?). Perhaps 1077 # someone with more information on this jury-rig can tell us more. 1078 # 1079 # [1] http://www.hup.harvard.edu/catalog/HEISUN.html 1080 # [2] http://www.shrine.org.au 1081 1082 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1083 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1084 1085 # New South Wales 1086 1087 # From Arthur David Olson: 1088 # New South Wales and subjurisdictions have their own ideas of a fun time. 1089 # Based on law library research by John Mackin, 1090 # who notes: 1091 # In Australia, time is not legislated federally, but rather by the 1092 # individual states. Thus, while such terms as ``Eastern Standard Time'' 1093 # [I mean, of course, Australian EST, not any other kind] are in common 1094 # use, _they have NO REAL MEANING_, as they are not defined in the 1095 # legislation. This is very important to understand. 1096 # I have researched New South Wales time only... 1097 1098 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-26): 1099 # DST will start in NSW on the last Sunday of August, rather than the usual 1100 # October in 2000. [See: Matthew Moore, 1101 # <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/news/9905/26/pageone/pageone4.html"> 1102 # Two months more daylight saving 1103 # </a> 1104 # Sydney Morning Herald (1999-05-26).] 1105 1106 # From Paul Eggert (1999-09-27): 1107 # See the following official NSW source: 1108 # <a href="http://dir.gis.nsw.gov.au/cgi-bin/genobject/document/other/daylightsaving/tigGmZ"> 1109 # Daylight Saving in New South Wales. 1110 # </a> 1111 # 1112 # Narrabri Shire (NSW) council has announced it will ignore the extension of 1113 # daylight saving next year. See: 1114 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/neweng/monthly/regeng-22jul1999-1.htm"> 1115 # Narrabri Council to ignore daylight saving 1116 # </a> (1999-07-22). For now, we'll wait to see if this really happens. 1117 # 1118 # Victoria will following NSW. See: 1119 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/local/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990728112314_1.htm"> 1120 # Vic to extend daylight saving 1121 # </a> (1999-07-28). 1122 # 1123 # However, South Australia rejected the DST request. See: 1124 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/07/item19990719151754_1.htm"> 1125 # South Australia rejects Olympics daylight savings request 1126 # </a> (1999-07-19). 1127 # 1128 # Queensland also will not observe DST for the Olympics. See: 1129 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/olympics/1999/06/item19990601114608_1.htm"> 1130 # Qld says no to daylight savings for Olympics 1131 # </a> (1999-06-01), which quotes Queensland Premier Peter Beattie as saying 1132 # ``Look you've got to remember in my family when this came up last time 1133 # I voted for it, my wife voted against it and she said to me it's all very 1134 # well for you, you don't have to worry about getting the children out of 1135 # bed, getting them to school, getting them to sleep at night. 1136 # I've been through all this argument domestically...my wife rules.'' 1137 # 1138 # Broken Hill will stick with South Australian time in 2000. See: 1139 # <a href="http://abc.net.au/news/regionals/brokenh/monthly/regbrok-21jul1999-6.htm"> 1140 # Broken Hill to be behind the times 1141 # </a> (1999-07-21). 1142 1143 # IATA SSIM (1998-09) says that the spring 2000 change for Australian 1144 # Capital Territory, New South Wales except Lord Howe Island and Broken 1145 # Hill, and Victoria will be August 27, presumably due to the Sydney Olympics. 1146 1147 # From Eric Ulevik, referring to Sydney's Sun Herald (2000-08-13), page 29: 1148 # The Queensland Premier Peter Beattie is encouraging northern NSW 1149 # towns to use Queensland time. 1150 1151 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1152 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1153 1154 # Yancowinna 1155 1156 # From John Mackin (1989-01-04): 1157 # `Broken Hill' means the County of Yancowinna. 1158 1159 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1160 # # YANCOWINNA.. [ Confirmation courtesy of Broken Hill Postmaster ] 1161 # # [ Dec 1990 ] 1162 # ... 1163 # # Yancowinna uses Central Standard Time, despite [its] location on the 1164 # # New South Wales side of the S.A. border. Most business and social dealings 1165 # # are with CST zones, therefore CST is legislated by local government 1166 # # although the switch to Summer Time occurs in line with N.S.W. There have 1167 # # been years when this did not apply, but the historical data is not 1168 # # presently available. 1169 # Zone Australia/Yancowinna 9:30 AY %sST 1170 # ... 1171 # Rule AY 1971 1985 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1172 # Rule AY 1972 only - Feb lastSun 3:00 0 C 1173 # [followed by other Rules] 1174 1175 # Lord Howe Island 1176 1177 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1178 # LHI... [ Courtesy of Pauline Van Winsen ] 1179 # [ Dec 1990 ] 1180 # Lord Howe Island is located off the New South Wales coast, and is half an 1181 # hour ahead of NSW time. 1182 1183 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-01-27): 1184 # Lord Howe Island summer time in 2000/2001 will commence on the same 1185 # date as the rest of NSW (i.e. 2000-08-27). For your information the 1186 # Lord Howe Island Board (controlling authority for the Island) is 1187 # seeking the community's views on various options for summer time 1188 # arrangements on the Island, e.g. advance clocks by 1 full hour 1189 # instead of only 30 minutes. Dependant on the wishes of residents 1190 # the Board may approach the NSW government to change the existing 1191 # arrangements. The starting date for summer time on the Island will 1192 # however always coincide with the rest of NSW. 1193 1194 # From James Lonergan, Secretary, Lord Howe Island Board (2000-10-25): 1195 # Lord Howe Island advances clocks by 30 minutes during DST in NSW and retards 1196 # clocks by 30 minutes when DST finishes. Since DST was most recently 1197 # introduced in NSW, the "changeover" time on the Island has been 02:00 as 1198 # shown on clocks on LHI. I guess this means that for 30 minutes at the start 1199 # of DST, LHI is actually 1 hour ahead of the rest of NSW. 1200 1201 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1202 # For Lord Howe dates we use Shanks & Pottenger through 1989, and 1203 # Lonergan thereafter. For times we use Lonergan. 1204 1205 # From Paul Eggert (2007-07-23): 1206 # See "southeast Australia" above for 2008 and later. 1207 1208 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-04-28): 1209 # According to the official press release, South Australia's extended daylight 1210 # saving period will continue with the same rules as used during the 2008-2009 1211 # summer (southern hemisphere). 1212 # 1213 # From 1214 # <a href="http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf"> 1215 # http://www.safework.sa.gov.au/uploaded_files/DaylightDatesSet.pdf 1216 # </a> 1217 # The extended daylight saving period that South Australia has been trialling 1218 # for over the last year is now set to be ongoing. 1219 # Daylight saving will continue to start on the first Sunday in October each 1220 # year and finish on the first Sunday in April the following year. 1221 # Industrial Relations Minister, Paul Caica, says this provides South Australia 1222 # with a consistent half hour time difference with NSW, Victoria, Tasmania and 1223 # the ACT for all 52 weeks of the year... 1224 # 1225 # We have a wrap-up here: 1226 # <a href="http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html"> 1227 # http://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/south-australia-extends-dst.html 1228 # </a> 1229 ############################################################################### 1230 1231 # New Zealand 1232 1233 # From Mark Davies (1990-10-03): 1234 # the 1989/90 year was a trial of an extended "daylight saving" period. 1235 # This trial was deemed successful and the extended period adopted for 1236 # subsequent years (with the addition of a further week at the start). 1237 # source -- phone call to Ministry of Internal Affairs Head Office. 1238 1239 # From George Shepherd via Simon Woodhead via Robert Elz (1991-03-06): 1240 # # The Country of New Zealand (Australia's east island -) Gee they hate that! 1241 # # or is Australia the west island of N.Z. 1242 # # [ courtesy of Geoff Tribble.. Auckland N.Z. ] 1243 # # [ Nov 1990 ] 1244 # ... 1245 # Rule NZ 1974 1988 - Oct lastSun 2:00 1:00 D 1246 # Rule NZ 1989 max - Oct Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 D 1247 # Rule NZ 1975 1989 - Mar Sun>=1 3:00 0 S 1248 # Rule NZ 1990 max - Mar lastSun 3:00 0 S 1249 # ... 1250 # Zone NZ 12:00 NZ NZ%sT # New Zealand 1251 # Zone NZ-CHAT 12:45 - NZ-CHAT # Chatham Island 1252 1253 # From Arthur David Olson (1992-03-08): 1254 # The chosen rules use the Davies October 8 values for the start of DST in 1989 1255 # rather than the October 1 value. 1256 1257 # From Paul Eggert (1995-12-19); 1258 # Shank & Pottenger report 2:00 for all autumn changes in Australia and NZ. 1259 # Robert Uzgalis writes that the New Zealand Daylight 1260 # Savings Time Order in Council dated 1990-06-18 specifies 2:00 standard 1261 # time on both the first Sunday in October and the third Sunday in March. 1262 # As with Australia, we'll assume the tradition is 2:00s, not 2:00. 1263 # 1264 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1265 # The Department of Internal Affairs (DIA) maintains a brief history, 1266 # as does Carol Squires; see tz-link.htm for the full references. 1267 # Use these sources in preference to Shanks & Pottenger. 1268 # 1269 # For Chatham, IATA SSIM (1991/1999) gives the NZ rules but with 1270 # transitions at 2:45 local standard time; this confirms that Chatham 1271 # is always exactly 45 minutes ahead of Auckland. 1272 1273 # From Colin Sharples (2007-04-30): 1274 # DST will now start on the last Sunday in September, and end on the 1275 # first Sunday in April. The changes take effect this year, meaning 1276 # that DST will begin on 2007-09-30 2008-04-06. 1277 # http://www.dia.govt.nz/diawebsite.nsf/wpg_URL/Services-Daylight-Saving-Daylight-saving-to-be-extended 1278 1279 ############################################################################### 1280 1281 1282 # Fiji 1283 1284 # Howse writes (p 153) that in 1879 the British governor of Fiji 1285 # enacted an ordinance standardizing the islands on Antipodean Time 1286 # instead of the American system (which was one day behind). 1287 1288 # From Rives McDow (1998-10-08): 1289 # Fiji will introduce DST effective 0200 local time, 1998-11-01 1290 # until 0300 local time 1999-02-28. Each year the DST period will 1291 # be from the first Sunday in November until the last Sunday in February. 1292 1293 # From Paul Eggert (2000-01-08): 1294 # IATA SSIM (1999-09) says DST ends 0100 local time. Go with McDow. 1295 1296 # From the BBC World Service (1998-10-31 11:32 UTC): 1297 # The Fijiian government says the main reasons for the time change is to 1298 # improve productivity and reduce road accidents. But correspondents say it 1299 # also hopes the move will boost Fiji's ability to compete with other pacific 1300 # islands in the effort to attract tourists to witness the dawning of the new 1301 # millenium. 1302 1303 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13) 1304 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST. 1305 1306 # Johnston 1307 1308 # Johnston data is from usno1995. 1309 1310 1311 # Kiribati 1312 1313 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1314 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati 1315 # ``declared it the same day throught the country as of Jan. 1, 1995'' 1316 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century. 1317 1318 1319 # Kwajalein 1320 1321 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes: 1322 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday, 1323 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with 1324 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands, 1325 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink. 1326 1327 1328 # N Mariana Is, Guam 1329 1330 # Howse writes (p 153) ``The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the 1331 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America,'' and implies that the Ladrones 1332 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time. 1333 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines; 1334 # see Asia/Manila. 1335 1336 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UTC+10 the official standard time, 1337 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation, 1338 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law, 1339 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST". 1340 1341 1342 # Micronesia 1343 1344 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16), 1345 # ``I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that "Truk" 1346 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10.'' 1347 # 1348 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UTC+10 to UTC+11 1349 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now. 1350 1351 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29): 1352 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in 1353 # <a href="http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html"> 1354 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information 1355 # </a> (1999-01-26) 1356 # that Truk and Yap are UTC+10, and Ponape and Kosrae are UTC+11. 1357 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from UTC+12; assume January 1 for now. 1358 1359 1360 # Midway 1361 1362 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956), 1363 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection 1364 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31): 1365 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight 1366 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning, 1367 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956 1368 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to 1369 # air at 6am your time. 1370 # 1371 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1372 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they 1373 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years 1374 # in Midway, but we have no record of it. 1375 1376 1377 # Pitcairn 1378 1379 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08): 1380 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998 1381 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows. 1382 # 1383 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be 1384 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known 1385 # as Pitcairn Standard Time. 1386 # 1387 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several 1388 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation 1389 # somehow in light of this proclamation. 1390 1391 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09): 1392 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998 1393 # ... at midnight. 1394 1395 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave: 1396 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as 1397 # Pacific Standard Time. They used to be 1/2 hour different from us here in 1398 # Sacramento but it was changed a couple of years ago. 1399 1400 1401 # Samoa 1402 1403 # Howse writes (p 153, citing p 10 of the 1883-11-18 New York Herald) 1404 # that in 1879 the King of Samoa decided to change 1405 # ``the date in his kingdom from the Antipodean to the American system, 1406 # ordaining -- by a masterpiece of diplomatic flattery -- that 1407 # the Fourth of July should be celebrated twice in that year.'' 1408 1409 1410 # Tonga 1411 1412 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22): 1413 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (p 1) reports that ``Tonga has been plotting 1414 # to sneak ahead of [New Zealanders] by introducing daylight-saving time.'' 1415 # Since Kiribati has moved the Date Line it's not clear what Tonga will do. 1416 1417 # Don Mundell writes in the 1997-02-20 Tonga Chronicle 1418 # <a href="http://www.tongatapu.net.to/tonga/homeland/timebegins.htm"> 1419 # How Tonga became `The Land where Time Begins' 1420 # </a>: 1421 1422 # Until 1941 Tonga maintained a standard time 50 minutes ahead of NZST 1423 # 12 hours and 20 minutes ahead of GMT. When New Zealand adjusted its 1424 # standard time in 1940s, Tonga had the choice of subtracting from its 1425 # local time to come on the same standard time as New Zealand or of 1426 # advancing its time to maintain the differential of 13 degrees 1427 # (approximately 50 minutes ahead of New Zealand time). 1428 # 1429 # Because His Majesty King Taufa'ahau Tupou IV, then Crown Prince 1430 # Tungi, preferred to ensure Tonga's title as the land where time 1431 # begins, the Legislative Assembly approved the latter change. 1432 # 1433 # But some of the older, more conservative members from the outer 1434 # islands objected. "If at midnight on Dec. 31, we move ahead 40 1435 # minutes, as your Royal Highness wishes, what becomes of the 40 1436 # minutes we have lost?" 1437 # 1438 # The Crown Prince, presented an unanswerable argument: "Remember that 1439 # on the World Day of Prayer, you would be the first people on Earth 1440 # to say your prayers in the morning." 1441 1442 # From Paul Eggert (2006-03-22): 1443 # Shanks & Pottenger say the transition was on 1968-10-01; go with Mundell. 1444 1445 # From Eric Ulevik (1999-05-03): 1446 # Tonga's director of tourism, who is also secretary of the National Millenium 1447 # Committee, has a plan to get Tonga back in front. 1448 # He has proposed a one-off move to tropical daylight saving for Tonga from 1449 # October to March, which has won approval in principle from the Tongan 1450 # Government. 1451 1452 # From Steffen Thorsen (1999-09-09): 1453 # * Tonga will introduce DST in November 1454 # 1455 # I was given this link by John Letts: 1456 # <a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm"> 1457 # http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/asia-pacific/newsid_424000/424764.stm 1458 # </a> 1459 # 1460 # I have not been able to find exact dates for the transition in November 1461 # yet. By reading this article it seems like Fiji will be 14 hours ahead 1462 # of UTC as well, but as far as I know Fiji will only be 13 hours ahead 1463 # (12 + 1 hour DST). 1464 1465 # From Arthur David Olson (1999-09-20): 1466 # According to <a href="http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html"> 1467 # http://www.tongaonline.com/news/sept1799.html 1468 # </a>: 1469 # "Daylight Savings Time will take effect on Oct. 2 through April 15, 2000 1470 # and annually thereafter from the first Saturday in October through the 1471 # third Saturday of April. Under the system approved by Privy Council on 1472 # Sept. 10, clocks must be turned ahead one hour on the opening day and 1473 # set back an hour on the closing date." 1474 # Alas, no indication of the time of day. 1475 1476 # From Rives McDow (1999-10-06): 1477 # Tonga started its Daylight Saving on Saturday morning October 2nd at 0200am. 1478 # Daylight Saving ends on April 16 at 0300am which is Sunday morning. 1479 1480 # From Steffen Thorsen (2000-10-31): 1481 # Back in March I found a notice on the website http://www.tongaonline.com 1482 # that Tonga changed back to standard time one month early, on March 19 1483 # instead of the original reported date April 16. Unfortunately, the article 1484 # is no longer available on the site, and I did not make a copy of the 1485 # text, and I have forgotten to report it here. 1486 # (Original URL was: http://www.tongaonline.com/news/march162000.htm ) 1487 1488 # From Rives McDow (2000-12-01): 1489 # Tonga is observing DST as of 2000-11-04 and will stop on 2001-01-27. 1490 1491 # From Sione Moala-Mafi (2001-09-20) via Rives McDow: 1492 # At 2:00am on the first Sunday of November, the standard time in the Kingdom 1493 # shall be moved forward by one hour to 3:00am. At 2:00am on the last Sunday 1494 # of January the standard time in the Kingdom shall be moved backward by one 1495 # hour to 1:00am. 1496 1497 # From Pulu 'Anau (2002-11-05): 1498 # The law was for 3 years, supposedly to get renewed. It wasn't. 1499 1500 1501 # Wake 1502 1503 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup, 1504 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02): 1505 # 1506 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] -- ... The time was all the 1507 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the 1508 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we 1509 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time 1510 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost 1511 # impossible. 1512 # 1513 # http://www.trumanlibrary.org/wake/meeting.htm 1514 1515 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23): 1516 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now. 1517 1518 ############################################################################### 1519 1520 # The International Date Line 1521 1522 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03): 1523 # 1524 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard, 1525 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please. 1526 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on 1527 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there. 1528 # 1529 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and 1530 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL 1531 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most 1532 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line 1533 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific 1534 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international 1535 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is 1536 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some 1537 # places as late as fourteen hours later than UTC. And, since the IDL is not 1538 # an international standard, there are some places on the high seas where the 1539 # correct date is ambiguous. 1540 1541 # From Wikipedia <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time_zone> (2005-08-31): 1542 # Before 1920, all ships kept local apparent time on the high seas by setting 1543 # their clocks at night or at the morning sight so that, given the ship's 1544 # speed and direction, it would be 12 o'clock when the Sun crossed the ship's 1545 # meridian (12 o'clock = local apparent noon). During 1917, at the 1546 # Anglo-French Conference on Time-keeping at Sea, it was recommended that all 1547 # ships, both military and civilian, should adopt hourly standard time zones 1548 # on the high seas. Whenever a ship was within the territorial waters of any 1549 # nation it would use that nation's standard time. The captain was permitted 1550 # to change his ship's clocks at a time of his choice following his ship's 1551 # entry into another zone time--he often chose midnight. These zones were 1552 # adopted by all major fleets between 1920 and 1925 but not by many 1553 # independent merchant ships until World War II. 1554 1555 # From Paul Eggert, using references suggested by Oscar van Vlijmen 1556 # (2005-03-20): 1557 # 1558 # The American Practical Navigator (2002) 1559 # <http://pollux.nss.nima.mil/pubs/pubs_j_apn_sections.html?rid=187> 1560 # talks only about the 180-degree meridian with respect to ships in 1561 # international waters; it ignores the international date line.