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src/java.desktop/share/classes/java/awt/Desktop.java

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 110          * Represents a "browse" action.
 111          * @see Desktop#browse(java.net.URI)
 112          */
 113         BROWSE
 114     };
 115 
 116     private DesktopPeer peer;
 117 
 118     /**
 119      * Suppresses default constructor for noninstantiability.
 120      */
 121     private Desktop() {
 122         Toolkit defaultToolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
 123         // same cast as in isDesktopSupported()
 124         if (defaultToolkit instanceof SunToolkit) {
 125             peer = ((SunToolkit) defaultToolkit).createDesktopPeer(this);
 126         }
 127     }
 128 
 129     /**
 130      * Returns the <code>Desktop</code> instance of the current
 131      * browser context.  On some platforms the Desktop API may not be
 132      * supported; use the {@link #isDesktopSupported} method to
 133      * determine if the current desktop is supported.
 134      * @return the Desktop instance of the current browser context
 135      * @throws HeadlessException if {@link
 136      * GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless()} returns {@code true}
 137      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class is not
 138      * supported on the current platform
 139      * @see #isDesktopSupported()
 140      * @see java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless
 141      */
 142     public static synchronized Desktop getDesktop(){
 143         if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) throw new HeadlessException();
 144         if (!Desktop.isDesktopSupported()) {
 145             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Desktop API is not " +
 146                                                     "supported on the current platform");
 147         }
 148 
 149         sun.awt.AppContext context = sun.awt.AppContext.getAppContext();
 150         Desktop desktop = (Desktop)context.get(Desktop.class);
 151 
 152         if (desktop == null) {
 153             desktop = new Desktop();
 154             context.put(Desktop.class, desktop);
 155         }
 156 
 157         return desktop;
 158     }
 159 
 160     /**
 161      * Tests whether this class is supported on the current platform.
 162      * If it's supported, use {@link #getDesktop()} to retrieve an
 163      * instance.
 164      *
 165      * @return <code>true</code> if this class is supported on the
 166      *         current platform; <code>false</code> otherwise
 167      * @see #getDesktop()
 168      */
 169     public static boolean isDesktopSupported(){
 170         Toolkit defaultToolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
 171         if (defaultToolkit instanceof SunToolkit) {
 172             return ((SunToolkit)defaultToolkit).isDesktopSupported();
 173         }
 174         return false;
 175     }
 176 
 177     /**
 178      * Tests whether an action is supported on the current platform.
 179      *
 180      * <p>Even when the platform supports an action, a file or URI may
 181      * not have a registered application for the action.  For example,
 182      * most of the platforms support the {@link Desktop.Action#OPEN}
 183      * action.  But for a specific file, there may not be an
 184      * application registered to open it.  In this case, {@link
 185      * #isSupported} may return {@code true}, but the corresponding
 186      * action method will throw an {@link IOException}.
 187      *
 188      * @param action the specified {@link Action}
 189      * @return <code>true</code> if the specified action is supported on
 190      *         the current platform; <code>false</code> otherwise
 191      * @see Desktop.Action
 192      */
 193     public boolean isSupported(Action action) {
 194         return peer.isSupported(action);
 195     }
 196 
 197     /**
 198      * Checks if the file is a valid file and readable.
 199      *
 200      * @throws SecurityException If a security manager exists and its
 201      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)} method
 202      *         denies read access to the file
 203      * @throws NullPointerException if file is null
 204      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if file doesn't exist
 205      */
 206     private static void checkFileValidation(File file){
 207         if (file == null) throw new NullPointerException("File must not be null");
 208 
 209         if (!file.exists()) {
 210             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The file: "


 213 
 214         file.canRead();
 215     }
 216 
 217     /**
 218      * Checks if the action type is supported.
 219      *
 220      * @param actionType the action type in question
 221      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified action type is not
 222      *         supported on the current platform
 223      */
 224     private void checkActionSupport(Action actionType){
 225         if (!isSupported(actionType)) {
 226             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("The " + actionType.name()
 227                                                     + " action is not supported on the current platform!");
 228         }
 229     }
 230 
 231 
 232     /**
 233      *  Calls to the security manager's <code>checkPermission</code> method with
 234      *  an <code>AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")</code>
 235      *  permission.
 236      */
 237     private void checkAWTPermission(){
 238         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 239         if (sm != null) {
 240             sm.checkPermission(new AWTPermission(
 241                                    "showWindowWithoutWarningBanner"));
 242         }
 243     }
 244 
 245     /**
 246      * Launches the associated application to open the file.
 247      *
 248      * <p> If the specified file is a directory, the file manager of
 249      * the current platform is launched to open it.
 250      *
 251      * @param file the file to be opened with the associated application
 252      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code file} is {@code null}
 253      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified file doesn't
 254      * exist
 255      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 256      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#OPEN} action
 257      * @throws IOException if the specified file has no associated
 258      * application or the associated application fails to be launched
 259      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
 260      * {@link java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 261      * method denies read access to the file, or it denies the
 262      * <code>AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")</code>
 263      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 264      * subprocess
 265      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 266      */
 267     public void open(File file) throws IOException {
 268         checkAWTPermission();
 269         checkExec();
 270         checkActionSupport(Action.OPEN);
 271         checkFileValidation(file);
 272 
 273         peer.open(file);
 274     }
 275 
 276     /**
 277      * Launches the associated editor application and opens a file for
 278      * editing.
 279      *
 280      * @param file the file to be opened for editing
 281      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified file is {@code null}
 282      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified file doesn't
 283      * exist
 284      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 285      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#EDIT} action
 286      * @throws IOException if the specified file has no associated
 287      * editor, or the associated application fails to be launched
 288      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
 289      * {@link java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 290      * method denies read access to the file, or {@link
 291      * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)} method
 292      * denies write access to the file, or it denies the
 293      * <code>AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")</code>
 294      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 295      * subprocess
 296      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 297      */
 298     public void edit(File file) throws IOException {
 299         checkAWTPermission();
 300         checkExec();
 301         checkActionSupport(Action.EDIT);
 302         file.canWrite();
 303         checkFileValidation(file);
 304 
 305         peer.edit(file);
 306     }
 307 
 308     /**
 309      * Prints a file with the native desktop printing facility, using
 310      * the associated application's print command.
 311      *
 312      * @param file the file to be printed
 313      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified file is {@code


 344      * {@code URIs} of the specified type is invoked. The application
 345      * is determined from the protocol and path of the {@code URI}, as
 346      * defined by the {@code URI} class.
 347      * <p>
 348      * If the calling thread does not have the necessary permissions,
 349      * and this is invoked from within an applet,
 350      * {@code AppletContext.showDocument()} is used. Similarly, if the calling
 351      * does not have the necessary permissions, and this is invoked from within
 352      * a Java Web Started application, {@code BasicService.showDocument()}
 353      * is used.
 354      *
 355      * @param uri the URI to be displayed in the user default browser
 356      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code uri} is {@code null}
 357      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 358      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#BROWSE} action
 359      * @throws IOException if the user default browser is not found,
 360      * or it fails to be launched, or the default handler application
 361      * failed to be launched
 362      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and it
 363      * denies the
 364      * <code>AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")</code>
 365      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 366      * subprocess; and not invoked from within an applet or Java Web Started
 367      * application
 368      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the necessary permissions
 369      * are not available and the URI can not be converted to a {@code URL}
 370      * @see java.net.URI
 371      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 372      * @see java.applet.AppletContext
 373      */
 374     public void browse(URI uri) throws IOException {
 375         SecurityException securityException = null;
 376         try {
 377             checkAWTPermission();
 378             checkExec();
 379         } catch (SecurityException e) {
 380             securityException = e;
 381         }
 382         checkActionSupport(Action.BROWSE);
 383         if (uri == null) {
 384             throw new NullPointerException();


 398             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to convert URI to URL", e);
 399         }
 400         sun.awt.DesktopBrowse db = sun.awt.DesktopBrowse.getInstance();
 401         if (db == null) {
 402             // Not in webstart/applet, throw the exception.
 403             throw securityException;
 404         }
 405         db.browse(url);
 406     }
 407 
 408     /**
 409      * Launches the mail composing window of the user default mail
 410      * client.
 411      *
 412      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 413      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#MAIL} action
 414      * @throws IOException if the user default mail client is not
 415      * found, or it fails to be launched
 416      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and it
 417      * denies the
 418      * <code>AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")</code>
 419      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 420      * subprocess
 421      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 422      */
 423     public void mail() throws IOException {
 424         checkAWTPermission();
 425         checkExec();
 426         checkActionSupport(Action.MAIL);
 427         URI mailtoURI = null;
 428         try{
 429             mailtoURI = new URI("mailto:?");
 430             peer.mail(mailtoURI);
 431         } catch (URISyntaxException e){
 432             // won't reach here.
 433         }
 434     }
 435 
 436     /**
 437      * Launches the mail composing window of the user default mail
 438      * client, filling the message fields specified by a {@code
 439      * mailto:} URI.
 440      *
 441      * <p> A <code>mailto:</code> URI can specify message fields
 442      * including <i>"to"</i>, <i>"cc"</i>, <i>"subject"</i>,
 443      * <i>"body"</i>, etc.  See <a
 444      * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2368.txt">The mailto URL
 445      * scheme (RFC 2368)</a> for the {@code mailto:} URI specification
 446      * details.
 447      *
 448      * @param mailtoURI the specified {@code mailto:} URI
 449      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified URI is {@code
 450      * null}
 451      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the URI scheme is not
 452      *         <code>"mailto"</code>
 453      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 454      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#MAIL} action
 455      * @throws IOException if the user default mail client is not
 456      * found or fails to be launched
 457      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and it
 458      * denies the
 459      * <code>AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")</code>
 460      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 461      * subprocess
 462      * @see java.net.URI
 463      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 464      */
 465     public  void mail(URI mailtoURI) throws IOException {
 466         checkAWTPermission();
 467         checkExec();
 468         checkActionSupport(Action.MAIL);
 469         if (mailtoURI == null) throw new NullPointerException();
 470 
 471         if (!"mailto".equalsIgnoreCase(mailtoURI.getScheme())) {
 472             throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI scheme is not \"mailto\"");
 473         }
 474 
 475         peer.mail(mailtoURI);
 476     }
 477 
 478     private void checkExec() throws SecurityException {
 479         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();


 110          * Represents a "browse" action.
 111          * @see Desktop#browse(java.net.URI)
 112          */
 113         BROWSE
 114     };
 115 
 116     private DesktopPeer peer;
 117 
 118     /**
 119      * Suppresses default constructor for noninstantiability.
 120      */
 121     private Desktop() {
 122         Toolkit defaultToolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
 123         // same cast as in isDesktopSupported()
 124         if (defaultToolkit instanceof SunToolkit) {
 125             peer = ((SunToolkit) defaultToolkit).createDesktopPeer(this);
 126         }
 127     }
 128 
 129     /**
 130      * Returns the {@code Desktop} instance of the current
 131      * browser context.  On some platforms the Desktop API may not be
 132      * supported; use the {@link #isDesktopSupported} method to
 133      * determine if the current desktop is supported.
 134      * @return the Desktop instance of the current browser context
 135      * @throws HeadlessException if {@link
 136      * GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless()} returns {@code true}
 137      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if this class is not
 138      * supported on the current platform
 139      * @see #isDesktopSupported()
 140      * @see java.awt.GraphicsEnvironment#isHeadless
 141      */
 142     public static synchronized Desktop getDesktop(){
 143         if (GraphicsEnvironment.isHeadless()) throw new HeadlessException();
 144         if (!Desktop.isDesktopSupported()) {
 145             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Desktop API is not " +
 146                                                     "supported on the current platform");
 147         }
 148 
 149         sun.awt.AppContext context = sun.awt.AppContext.getAppContext();
 150         Desktop desktop = (Desktop)context.get(Desktop.class);
 151 
 152         if (desktop == null) {
 153             desktop = new Desktop();
 154             context.put(Desktop.class, desktop);
 155         }
 156 
 157         return desktop;
 158     }
 159 
 160     /**
 161      * Tests whether this class is supported on the current platform.
 162      * If it's supported, use {@link #getDesktop()} to retrieve an
 163      * instance.
 164      *
 165      * @return {@code true} if this class is supported on the
 166      *         current platform; {@code false} otherwise
 167      * @see #getDesktop()
 168      */
 169     public static boolean isDesktopSupported(){
 170         Toolkit defaultToolkit = Toolkit.getDefaultToolkit();
 171         if (defaultToolkit instanceof SunToolkit) {
 172             return ((SunToolkit)defaultToolkit).isDesktopSupported();
 173         }
 174         return false;
 175     }
 176 
 177     /**
 178      * Tests whether an action is supported on the current platform.
 179      *
 180      * <p>Even when the platform supports an action, a file or URI may
 181      * not have a registered application for the action.  For example,
 182      * most of the platforms support the {@link Desktop.Action#OPEN}
 183      * action.  But for a specific file, there may not be an
 184      * application registered to open it.  In this case, {@link
 185      * #isSupported} may return {@code true}, but the corresponding
 186      * action method will throw an {@link IOException}.
 187      *
 188      * @param action the specified {@link Action}
 189      * @return {@code true} if the specified action is supported on
 190      *         the current platform; {@code false} otherwise
 191      * @see Desktop.Action
 192      */
 193     public boolean isSupported(Action action) {
 194         return peer.isSupported(action);
 195     }
 196 
 197     /**
 198      * Checks if the file is a valid file and readable.
 199      *
 200      * @throws SecurityException If a security manager exists and its
 201      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)} method
 202      *         denies read access to the file
 203      * @throws NullPointerException if file is null
 204      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if file doesn't exist
 205      */
 206     private static void checkFileValidation(File file){
 207         if (file == null) throw new NullPointerException("File must not be null");
 208 
 209         if (!file.exists()) {
 210             throw new IllegalArgumentException("The file: "


 213 
 214         file.canRead();
 215     }
 216 
 217     /**
 218      * Checks if the action type is supported.
 219      *
 220      * @param actionType the action type in question
 221      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the specified action type is not
 222      *         supported on the current platform
 223      */
 224     private void checkActionSupport(Action actionType){
 225         if (!isSupported(actionType)) {
 226             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("The " + actionType.name()
 227                                                     + " action is not supported on the current platform!");
 228         }
 229     }
 230 
 231 
 232     /**
 233      *  Calls to the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method with
 234      *  an {@code AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")}
 235      *  permission.
 236      */
 237     private void checkAWTPermission(){
 238         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 239         if (sm != null) {
 240             sm.checkPermission(new AWTPermission(
 241                                    "showWindowWithoutWarningBanner"));
 242         }
 243     }
 244 
 245     /**
 246      * Launches the associated application to open the file.
 247      *
 248      * <p> If the specified file is a directory, the file manager of
 249      * the current platform is launched to open it.
 250      *
 251      * @param file the file to be opened with the associated application
 252      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code file} is {@code null}
 253      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified file doesn't
 254      * exist
 255      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 256      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#OPEN} action
 257      * @throws IOException if the specified file has no associated
 258      * application or the associated application fails to be launched
 259      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
 260      * {@link java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 261      * method denies read access to the file, or it denies the
 262      * {@code AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")}
 263      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 264      * subprocess
 265      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 266      */
 267     public void open(File file) throws IOException {
 268         checkAWTPermission();
 269         checkExec();
 270         checkActionSupport(Action.OPEN);
 271         checkFileValidation(file);
 272 
 273         peer.open(file);
 274     }
 275 
 276     /**
 277      * Launches the associated editor application and opens a file for
 278      * editing.
 279      *
 280      * @param file the file to be opened for editing
 281      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified file is {@code null}
 282      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the specified file doesn't
 283      * exist
 284      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 285      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#EDIT} action
 286      * @throws IOException if the specified file has no associated
 287      * editor, or the associated application fails to be launched
 288      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
 289      * {@link java.lang.SecurityManager#checkRead(java.lang.String)}
 290      * method denies read access to the file, or {@link
 291      * java.lang.SecurityManager#checkWrite(java.lang.String)} method
 292      * denies write access to the file, or it denies the
 293      * {@code AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")}
 294      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 295      * subprocess
 296      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 297      */
 298     public void edit(File file) throws IOException {
 299         checkAWTPermission();
 300         checkExec();
 301         checkActionSupport(Action.EDIT);
 302         file.canWrite();
 303         checkFileValidation(file);
 304 
 305         peer.edit(file);
 306     }
 307 
 308     /**
 309      * Prints a file with the native desktop printing facility, using
 310      * the associated application's print command.
 311      *
 312      * @param file the file to be printed
 313      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified file is {@code


 344      * {@code URIs} of the specified type is invoked. The application
 345      * is determined from the protocol and path of the {@code URI}, as
 346      * defined by the {@code URI} class.
 347      * <p>
 348      * If the calling thread does not have the necessary permissions,
 349      * and this is invoked from within an applet,
 350      * {@code AppletContext.showDocument()} is used. Similarly, if the calling
 351      * does not have the necessary permissions, and this is invoked from within
 352      * a Java Web Started application, {@code BasicService.showDocument()}
 353      * is used.
 354      *
 355      * @param uri the URI to be displayed in the user default browser
 356      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code uri} is {@code null}
 357      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 358      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#BROWSE} action
 359      * @throws IOException if the user default browser is not found,
 360      * or it fails to be launched, or the default handler application
 361      * failed to be launched
 362      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and it
 363      * denies the
 364      * {@code AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")}
 365      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 366      * subprocess; and not invoked from within an applet or Java Web Started
 367      * application
 368      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the necessary permissions
 369      * are not available and the URI can not be converted to a {@code URL}
 370      * @see java.net.URI
 371      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 372      * @see java.applet.AppletContext
 373      */
 374     public void browse(URI uri) throws IOException {
 375         SecurityException securityException = null;
 376         try {
 377             checkAWTPermission();
 378             checkExec();
 379         } catch (SecurityException e) {
 380             securityException = e;
 381         }
 382         checkActionSupport(Action.BROWSE);
 383         if (uri == null) {
 384             throw new NullPointerException();


 398             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Unable to convert URI to URL", e);
 399         }
 400         sun.awt.DesktopBrowse db = sun.awt.DesktopBrowse.getInstance();
 401         if (db == null) {
 402             // Not in webstart/applet, throw the exception.
 403             throw securityException;
 404         }
 405         db.browse(url);
 406     }
 407 
 408     /**
 409      * Launches the mail composing window of the user default mail
 410      * client.
 411      *
 412      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 413      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#MAIL} action
 414      * @throws IOException if the user default mail client is not
 415      * found, or it fails to be launched
 416      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and it
 417      * denies the
 418      * {@code AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")}
 419      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 420      * subprocess
 421      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 422      */
 423     public void mail() throws IOException {
 424         checkAWTPermission();
 425         checkExec();
 426         checkActionSupport(Action.MAIL);
 427         URI mailtoURI = null;
 428         try{
 429             mailtoURI = new URI("mailto:?");
 430             peer.mail(mailtoURI);
 431         } catch (URISyntaxException e){
 432             // won't reach here.
 433         }
 434     }
 435 
 436     /**
 437      * Launches the mail composing window of the user default mail
 438      * client, filling the message fields specified by a {@code
 439      * mailto:} URI.
 440      *
 441      * <p> A {@code mailto:} URI can specify message fields
 442      * including <i>"to"</i>, <i>"cc"</i>, <i>"subject"</i>,
 443      * <i>"body"</i>, etc.  See <a
 444      * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2368.txt">The mailto URL
 445      * scheme (RFC 2368)</a> for the {@code mailto:} URI specification
 446      * details.
 447      *
 448      * @param mailtoURI the specified {@code mailto:} URI
 449      * @throws NullPointerException if the specified URI is {@code
 450      * null}
 451      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the URI scheme is not
 452      *         {@code "mailto"}
 453      * @throws UnsupportedOperationException if the current platform
 454      * does not support the {@link Desktop.Action#MAIL} action
 455      * @throws IOException if the user default mail client is not
 456      * found or fails to be launched
 457      * @throws SecurityException if a security manager exists and it
 458      * denies the
 459      * {@code AWTPermission("showWindowWithoutWarningBanner")}
 460      * permission, or the calling thread is not allowed to create a
 461      * subprocess
 462      * @see java.net.URI
 463      * @see java.awt.AWTPermission
 464      */
 465     public  void mail(URI mailtoURI) throws IOException {
 466         checkAWTPermission();
 467         checkExec();
 468         checkActionSupport(Action.MAIL);
 469         if (mailtoURI == null) throw new NullPointerException();
 470 
 471         if (!"mailto".equalsIgnoreCase(mailtoURI.getScheme())) {
 472             throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI scheme is not \"mailto\"");
 473         }
 474 
 475         peer.mail(mailtoURI);
 476     }
 477 
 478     private void checkExec() throws SecurityException {
 479         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
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