1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2009, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 /*
  25  * @test
  26  * @bug 6880672 6896573 6899694 6976036 7013585 7018258
  27  * @summary Exercise Arrays.sort
  28  * @build Sorting
  29  * @run main Sorting -shortrun
  30  *
  31  * @author Vladimir Yaroslavskiy
  32  * @author Jon Bentley
  33  * @author Josh Bloch
  34  */
  35 
  36 import java.util.Arrays;
  37 import java.util.Random;
  38 import java.io.PrintStream;
  39 
  40 public class Sorting {
  41     private static final PrintStream out = System.out;
  42     private static final PrintStream err = System.err;
  43 
  44     // Array lengths used in a long run (default)
  45     private static final int[] LONG_RUN_LENGTHS = {
  46         1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 100, 1000, 10000, 100000, 1000000 };
  47 
  48     // Array lengths used in a short run
  49     private static final int[] SHORT_RUN_LENGTHS = {
  50         1, 2, 3, 21, 55, 1000, 10000 };
  51 
  52     // Random initial values used in a long run (default)
  53     private static final long[] LONG_RUN_RANDOMS = { 666, 0xC0FFEE, 999 };
  54 
  55     // Random initial values used in a short run
  56     private static final long[] SHORT_RUN_RANDOMS = { 666 };
  57 
  58     public static void main(String[] args) {
  59         boolean shortRun = args.length > 0 && args[0].equals("-shortrun");
  60         long start = System.currentTimeMillis();
  61 
  62         if (shortRun) {
  63             testAndCheck(SHORT_RUN_LENGTHS, SHORT_RUN_RANDOMS);
  64         } else {
  65             testAndCheck(LONG_RUN_LENGTHS, LONG_RUN_RANDOMS);
  66         }
  67         long end = System.currentTimeMillis();
  68 
  69         out.format("PASSED in %d sec.\n", Math.round((end - start) / 1E3));
  70     }
  71 
  72     private static void testAndCheck(int[] lengths, long[] randoms) {
  73         testEmptyAndNullIntArray();
  74         testEmptyAndNullLongArray();
  75         testEmptyAndNullShortArray();
  76         testEmptyAndNullCharArray();
  77         testEmptyAndNullByteArray();
  78         testEmptyAndNullFloatArray();
  79         testEmptyAndNullDoubleArray();
  80 
  81         for (int length : lengths) {
  82             testMergeSort(length);
  83             testAndCheckRange(length);
  84             testAndCheckSubArray(length);
  85         }
  86         for (long seed : randoms) {
  87             for (int length : lengths) {
  88                 testAndCheckWithInsertionSort(length, new MyRandom(seed));
  89                 testAndCheckWithCheckSum(length, new MyRandom(seed));
  90                 testAndCheckWithScrambling(length, new MyRandom(seed));
  91                 testAndCheckFloat(length, new MyRandom(seed));
  92                 testAndCheckDouble(length, new MyRandom(seed));
  93                 testStable(length, new MyRandom(seed));
  94             }
  95         }
  96     }
  97 
  98     private static void testEmptyAndNullIntArray() {
  99         ourDescription = "Check empty and null array";
 100         Arrays.sort(new int[] {});
 101         Arrays.sort(new int[] {}, 0, 0);
 102 
 103         try {
 104             Arrays.sort((int[]) null);
 105         } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
 106             try {
 107                 Arrays.sort((int[]) null, 0, 0);
 108             } catch (NullPointerException expected2) {
 109                 return;
 110             }
 111             failed("Arrays.sort(int[],fromIndex,toIndex) shouldn't " +
 112                 "catch null array");
 113         }
 114         failed("Arrays.sort(int[]) shouldn't catch null array");
 115     }
 116 
 117     private static void testEmptyAndNullLongArray() {
 118         ourDescription = "Check empty and null array";
 119         Arrays.sort(new long[] {});
 120         Arrays.sort(new long[] {}, 0, 0);
 121 
 122         try {
 123             Arrays.sort((long[]) null);
 124         } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
 125             try {
 126                 Arrays.sort((long[]) null, 0, 0);
 127             } catch (NullPointerException expected2) {
 128                 return;
 129             }
 130             failed("Arrays.sort(long[],fromIndex,toIndex) shouldn't " +
 131                 "catch null array");
 132         }
 133         failed("Arrays.sort(long[]) shouldn't catch null array");
 134     }
 135 
 136     private static void testEmptyAndNullShortArray() {
 137         ourDescription = "Check empty and null array";
 138         Arrays.sort(new short[] {});
 139         Arrays.sort(new short[] {}, 0, 0);
 140 
 141         try {
 142             Arrays.sort((short[]) null);
 143         } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
 144             try {
 145                 Arrays.sort((short[]) null, 0, 0);
 146             } catch (NullPointerException expected2) {
 147                 return;
 148             }
 149             failed("Arrays.sort(short[],fromIndex,toIndex) shouldn't " +
 150                 "catch null array");
 151         }
 152         failed("Arrays.sort(short[]) shouldn't catch null array");
 153     }
 154 
 155     private static void testEmptyAndNullCharArray() {
 156         ourDescription = "Check empty and null array";
 157         Arrays.sort(new char[] {});
 158         Arrays.sort(new char[] {}, 0, 0);
 159 
 160         try {
 161             Arrays.sort((char[]) null);
 162         } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
 163             try {
 164                 Arrays.sort((char[]) null, 0, 0);
 165             } catch (NullPointerException expected2) {
 166                 return;
 167             }
 168             failed("Arrays.sort(char[],fromIndex,toIndex) shouldn't " +
 169                 "catch null array");
 170         }
 171         failed("Arrays.sort(char[]) shouldn't catch null array");
 172     }
 173 
 174     private static void testEmptyAndNullByteArray() {
 175         ourDescription = "Check empty and null array";
 176         Arrays.sort(new byte[] {});
 177         Arrays.sort(new byte[] {}, 0, 0);
 178 
 179         try {
 180             Arrays.sort((byte[]) null);
 181         } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
 182             try {
 183                 Arrays.sort((byte[]) null, 0, 0);
 184             } catch (NullPointerException expected2) {
 185                 return;
 186             }
 187             failed("Arrays.sort(byte[],fromIndex,toIndex) shouldn't " +
 188                 "catch null array");
 189         }
 190         failed("Arrays.sort(byte[]) shouldn't catch null array");
 191     }
 192 
 193     private static void testEmptyAndNullFloatArray() {
 194         ourDescription = "Check empty and null array";
 195         Arrays.sort(new float[] {});
 196         Arrays.sort(new float[] {}, 0, 0);
 197 
 198         try {
 199             Arrays.sort((float[]) null);
 200         } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
 201             try {
 202                 Arrays.sort((float[]) null, 0, 0);
 203             } catch (NullPointerException expected2) {
 204                 return;
 205             }
 206             failed("Arrays.sort(float[],fromIndex,toIndex) shouldn't " +
 207                 "catch null array");
 208         }
 209         failed("Arrays.sort(float[]) shouldn't catch null array");
 210     }
 211 
 212     private static void testEmptyAndNullDoubleArray() {
 213         ourDescription = "Check empty and null array";
 214         Arrays.sort(new double[] {});
 215         Arrays.sort(new double[] {}, 0, 0);
 216 
 217         try {
 218             Arrays.sort((double[]) null);
 219         } catch (NullPointerException expected) {
 220             try {
 221                 Arrays.sort((double[]) null, 0, 0);
 222             } catch (NullPointerException expected2) {
 223                 return;
 224             }
 225             failed("Arrays.sort(double[],fromIndex,toIndex) shouldn't " +
 226                 "catch null array");
 227         }
 228         failed("Arrays.sort(double[]) shouldn't catch null array");
 229     }
 230 
 231     private static void testAndCheckSubArray(int length) {
 232         ourDescription = "Check sorting of subarray";
 233         int[] golden = new int[length];
 234         boolean newLine = false;
 235 
 236         for (int m = 1; m < length / 2; m *= 2) {
 237             newLine = true;
 238             int fromIndex = m;
 239             int toIndex = length - m;
 240 
 241             prepareSubArray(golden, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
 242             int[] test = golden.clone();
 243 
 244             for (TypeConverter converter : TypeConverter.values()) {
 245                 out.println("Test 'subarray': " + converter +
 246                    " length = " + length + ", m = " + m);
 247                 Object convertedGolden = converter.convert(golden);
 248                 Object convertedTest = converter.convert(test);
 249                 sortSubArray(convertedTest, fromIndex, toIndex);
 250                 checkSubArray(convertedTest, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
 251             }
 252         }
 253         if (newLine) {
 254             out.println();
 255         }
 256     }
 257 
 258     private static void testAndCheckRange(int length) {
 259         ourDescription = "Check range check";
 260         int[] golden = new int[length];
 261 
 262         for (int m = 1; m < 2 * length; m *= 2) {
 263             for (int i = 1; i <= length; i++) {
 264                 golden[i - 1] = i % m + m % i;
 265             }
 266             for (TypeConverter converter : TypeConverter.values()) {
 267                 out.println("Test 'range': " + converter +
 268                    ", length = " + length + ", m = " + m);
 269                 Object convertedGolden = converter.convert(golden);
 270                 checkRange(convertedGolden, m);
 271             }
 272         }
 273         out.println();
 274     }
 275 
 276     private static void testStable(int length, MyRandom random) {
 277         ourDescription = "Check if sorting is stable";
 278         Pair[] a = build(length, random);
 279 
 280         out.println("Test 'stable': " + "random = " + random.getSeed() +
 281             ", length = " + length);
 282         Arrays.sort(a);
 283         checkSorted(a);
 284         checkStable(a);
 285         out.println();
 286     }
 287 
 288     private static void checkSorted(Pair[] a) {
 289         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
 290             if (a[i].getKey() > a[i + 1].getKey()) {
 291                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i].getKey(), "" + a[i + 1].getKey());
 292             }
 293         }
 294     }
 295 
 296     private static void checkStable(Pair[] a) {
 297         for (int i = 0; i < a.length / 4; ) {
 298             int key1 = a[i].getKey();
 299             int value1 = a[i++].getValue();
 300             int key2 = a[i].getKey();
 301             int value2 = a[i++].getValue();
 302             int key3 = a[i].getKey();
 303             int value3 = a[i++].getValue();
 304             int key4 = a[i].getKey();
 305             int value4 = a[i++].getValue();
 306 
 307             if (!(key1 == key2 && key2 == key3 && key3 == key4)) {
 308                 failed("On position " + i + " keys are different " +
 309                     key1 + ", " + key2 + ", " + key3 + ", " + key4);
 310             }
 311             if (!(value1 < value2 && value2 < value3 && value3 < value4)) {
 312                 failed("Sorting is not stable at position " + i +
 313                     ". Second values have been changed: " +  value1 + ", " +
 314                     value2 + ", " + value3 + ", " + value4);
 315             }
 316         }
 317     }
 318 
 319     private static Pair[] build(int length, Random random) {
 320         Pair[] a = new Pair[length * 4];
 321 
 322         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; ) {
 323             int key = random.nextInt();
 324             a[i++] = new Pair(key, 1);
 325             a[i++] = new Pair(key, 2);
 326             a[i++] = new Pair(key, 3);
 327             a[i++] = new Pair(key, 4);
 328         }
 329         return a;
 330     }
 331 
 332     private static final class Pair implements Comparable<Pair> {
 333         Pair(int key, int value) {
 334             myKey = key;
 335             myValue = value;
 336         }
 337 
 338         int getKey() {
 339             return myKey;
 340         }
 341 
 342         int getValue() {
 343             return myValue;
 344         }
 345 
 346         public int compareTo(Pair pair) {
 347             if (myKey < pair.myKey) {
 348                 return -1;
 349             }
 350             if (myKey > pair.myKey) {
 351                 return 1;
 352             }
 353             return 0;
 354         }
 355 
 356         @Override
 357         public String toString() {
 358             return "(" + myKey + ", " + myValue + ")";
 359         }
 360 
 361         private int myKey;
 362         private int myValue;
 363     }
 364 
 365 
 366     private static void testAndCheckWithInsertionSort(int length, MyRandom random) {
 367         if (length > 1000) {
 368             return;
 369         }
 370         ourDescription = "Check sorting with insertion sort";
 371         int[] golden = new int[length];
 372 
 373         for (int m = 1; m < 2 * length; m *= 2) {
 374             for (UnsortedBuilder builder : UnsortedBuilder.values()) {
 375                 builder.build(golden, m, random);
 376                 int[] test = golden.clone();
 377 
 378                 for (TypeConverter converter : TypeConverter.values()) {
 379                     out.println("Test 'insertion sort': " + converter +
 380                         " " + builder + "random = " + random.getSeed() +
 381                         ", length = " + length + ", m = " + m);
 382                     Object convertedGolden = converter.convert(golden);
 383                     Object convertedTest1 = converter.convert(test);
 384                     Object convertedTest2 = converter.convert(test);
 385                     sort(convertedTest1);
 386                     sortByInsertionSort(convertedTest2);
 387                     compare(convertedTest1, convertedTest2);
 388                 }
 389             }
 390         }
 391         out.println();
 392     }
 393 
 394     private static void testMergeSort(int length) {
 395         if (length < 1000) {
 396             return;
 397         }
 398         ourDescription = "Check merge sorting";
 399         int[] golden = new int[length];
 400         int period = 67; // java.util.DualPivotQuicksort.MAX_RUN_COUNT
 401 
 402         for (int m = period - 2; m <= period + 2; m++) {
 403             for (MergeBuilder builder : MergeBuilder.values()) {
 404                 builder.build(golden, m);
 405                 int[] test = golden.clone();
 406 
 407                 for (TypeConverter converter : TypeConverter.values()) {
 408                     out.println("Test 'merge sort': " + converter + " " +
 409                         builder + "length = " + length + ", m = " + m);
 410                     Object convertedGolden = converter.convert(golden);
 411                     sort(convertedGolden);
 412                     checkSorted(convertedGolden);
 413                 }
 414             }
 415         }
 416         out.println();
 417     }
 418 
 419     private static void testAndCheckWithCheckSum(int length, MyRandom random) {
 420         ourDescription = "Check sorting with check sum";
 421         int[] golden = new int[length];
 422 
 423         for (int m = 1; m < 2 * length; m *= 2) {
 424             for (UnsortedBuilder builder : UnsortedBuilder.values()) {
 425                 builder.build(golden, m, random);
 426                 int[] test = golden.clone();
 427 
 428                 for (TypeConverter converter : TypeConverter.values()) {
 429                     out.println("Test 'check sum': " + converter +
 430                         " " + builder + "random = " + random.getSeed() +
 431                         ", length = " + length + ", m = " + m);
 432                     Object convertedGolden = converter.convert(golden);
 433                     Object convertedTest = converter.convert(test);
 434                     sort(convertedTest);
 435                     checkWithCheckSum(convertedTest, convertedGolden);
 436                 }
 437             }
 438         }
 439         out.println();
 440     }
 441 
 442     private static void testAndCheckWithScrambling(int length, MyRandom random) {
 443         ourDescription = "Check sorting with scrambling";
 444         int[] golden = new int[length];
 445 
 446         for (int m = 1; m <= 7; m++) {
 447             if (m > length) {
 448                 break;
 449             }
 450             for (SortedBuilder builder : SortedBuilder.values()) {
 451                 builder.build(golden, m);
 452                 int[] test = golden.clone();
 453                 scramble(test, random);
 454 
 455                 for (TypeConverter converter : TypeConverter.values()) {
 456                     out.println("Test 'scrambling': " + converter +
 457                        " " + builder + "random = " + random.getSeed() +
 458                        ", length = " + length + ", m = " + m);
 459                     Object convertedGolden = converter.convert(golden);
 460                     Object convertedTest = converter.convert(test);
 461                     sort(convertedTest);
 462                     compare(convertedTest, convertedGolden);
 463                 }
 464             }
 465         }
 466         out.println();
 467     }
 468 
 469     private static void testAndCheckFloat(int length, MyRandom random) {
 470         ourDescription = "Check float sorting";
 471         float[] golden = new float[length];
 472         final int MAX = 10;
 473         boolean newLine = false;
 474 
 475         for (int a = 0; a <= MAX; a++) {
 476             for (int g = 0; g <= MAX; g++) {
 477                 for (int z = 0; z <= MAX; z++) {
 478                     for (int n = 0; n <= MAX; n++) {
 479                         for (int p = 0; p <= MAX; p++) {
 480                             if (a + g + z + n + p > length) {
 481                                 continue;
 482                             }
 483                             if (a + g + z + n + p < length) {
 484                                 continue;
 485                             }
 486                             for (FloatBuilder builder : FloatBuilder.values()) {
 487                                 out.println("Test 'float': random = " + random.getSeed() +
 488                                    ", length = " + length + ", a = " + a + ", g = " +
 489                                    g + ", z = " + z + ", n = " + n + ", p = " + p);
 490                                 builder.build(golden, a, g, z, n, p, random);
 491                                 float[] test = golden.clone();
 492                                 scramble(test, random);
 493                                 sort(test);
 494                                 compare(test, golden, a, n, g);
 495                             }
 496                             newLine = true;
 497                         }
 498                     }
 499                 }
 500             }
 501         }
 502         if (newLine) {
 503             out.println();
 504         }
 505     }
 506 
 507     private static void testAndCheckDouble(int length, MyRandom random) {
 508         ourDescription = "Check double sorting";
 509         double[] golden = new double[length];
 510         final int MAX = 10;
 511         boolean newLine = false;
 512 
 513         for (int a = 0; a <= MAX; a++) {
 514             for (int g = 0; g <= MAX; g++) {
 515                 for (int z = 0; z <= MAX; z++) {
 516                     for (int n = 0; n <= MAX; n++) {
 517                         for (int p = 0; p <= MAX; p++) {
 518                             if (a + g + z + n + p > length) {
 519                                 continue;
 520                             }
 521                             if (a + g + z + n + p < length) {
 522                                 continue;
 523                             }
 524                             for (DoubleBuilder builder : DoubleBuilder.values()) {
 525                                 out.println("Test 'double': random = " + random.getSeed() +
 526                                    ", length = " + length + ", a = " + a + ", g = " +
 527                                    g + ", z = " + z + ", n = " + n + ", p = " + p);
 528                                 builder.build(golden, a, g, z, n, p, random);
 529                                 double[] test = golden.clone();
 530                                 scramble(test, random);
 531                                 sort(test);
 532                                 compare(test, golden, a, n, g);
 533                             }
 534                             newLine = true;
 535                         }
 536                     }
 537                 }
 538             }
 539         }
 540         if (newLine) {
 541             out.println();
 542         }
 543     }
 544 
 545     private static void prepareSubArray(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
 546         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
 547             a[i] = 0xDEDA;
 548         }
 549         int middle = (fromIndex + toIndex) >>> 1;
 550         int k = 0;
 551 
 552         for (int i = fromIndex; i < middle; i++) {
 553             a[i] = k++;
 554         }
 555         for (int i = middle; i < toIndex; i++) {
 556             a[i] = k--;
 557         }
 558         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
 559             a[i] = 0xBABA;
 560         }
 561     }
 562 
 563     private static void scramble(int[] a, Random random) {
 564         for (int i = 0; i < a.length * 7; i++) {
 565             swap(a, random.nextInt(a.length), random.nextInt(a.length));
 566         }
 567     }
 568 
 569     private static void scramble(float[] a, Random random) {
 570         for (int i = 0; i < a.length * 7; i++) {
 571             swap(a, random.nextInt(a.length), random.nextInt(a.length));
 572         }
 573     }
 574 
 575     private static void scramble(double[] a, Random random) {
 576         for (int i = 0; i < a.length * 7; i++) {
 577             swap(a, random.nextInt(a.length), random.nextInt(a.length));
 578         }
 579     }
 580 
 581     private static void swap(int[] a, int i, int j) {
 582         int t = a[i];
 583         a[i] = a[j];
 584         a[j] = t;
 585     }
 586 
 587     private static void swap(float[] a, int i, int j) {
 588         float t = a[i];
 589         a[i] = a[j];
 590         a[j] = t;
 591     }
 592 
 593     private static void swap(double[] a, int i, int j) {
 594         double t = a[i];
 595         a[i] = a[j];
 596         a[j] = t;
 597     }
 598 
 599     private static enum TypeConverter {
 600         INT {
 601             Object convert(int[] a) {
 602                 return a.clone();
 603             }
 604         },
 605         LONG {
 606             Object convert(int[] a) {
 607                 long[] b = new long[a.length];
 608 
 609                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 610                     b[i] = (long) a[i];
 611                 }
 612                 return b;
 613             }
 614         },
 615         BYTE {
 616             Object convert(int[] a) {
 617                 byte[] b = new byte[a.length];
 618 
 619                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 620                     b[i] = (byte) a[i];
 621                 }
 622                 return b;
 623             }
 624         },
 625         SHORT {
 626             Object convert(int[] a) {
 627                 short[] b = new short[a.length];
 628 
 629                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 630                     b[i] = (short) a[i];
 631                 }
 632                 return b;
 633             }
 634         },
 635         CHAR {
 636             Object convert(int[] a) {
 637                 char[] b = new char[a.length];
 638 
 639                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 640                     b[i] = (char) a[i];
 641                 }
 642                 return b;
 643             }
 644         },
 645         FLOAT {
 646             Object convert(int[] a) {
 647                 float[] b = new float[a.length];
 648 
 649                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 650                     b[i] = (float) a[i];
 651                 }
 652                 return b;
 653             }
 654         },
 655         DOUBLE {
 656             Object convert(int[] a) {
 657                 double[] b = new double[a.length];
 658 
 659                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 660                     b[i] = (double) a[i];
 661                 }
 662                 return b;
 663             }
 664         },
 665         INTEGER {
 666             Object convert(int[] a) {
 667                 Integer[] b = new Integer[a.length];
 668 
 669                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 670                     b[i] = new Integer(a[i]);
 671                 }
 672                 return b;
 673             }
 674         };
 675 
 676         abstract Object convert(int[] a);
 677 
 678         @Override public String toString() {
 679             String name = name();
 680 
 681             for (int i = name.length(); i < 9; i++) {
 682                 name += " ";
 683             }
 684             return name;
 685         }
 686     }
 687 
 688     private static enum FloatBuilder {
 689         SIMPLE {
 690             void build(float[] x, int a, int g, int z, int n, int p, Random random) {
 691                 int fromIndex = 0;
 692                 float negativeValue = -random.nextFloat();
 693                 float positiveValue =  random.nextFloat();
 694 
 695                 writeValue(x, negativeValue, fromIndex, n);
 696                 fromIndex += n;
 697 
 698                 writeValue(x, -0.0f, fromIndex, g);
 699                 fromIndex += g;
 700 
 701                 writeValue(x, 0.0f, fromIndex, z);
 702                 fromIndex += z;
 703 
 704                 writeValue(x, positiveValue, fromIndex, p);
 705                 fromIndex += p;
 706 
 707                 writeValue(x, Float.NaN, fromIndex, a);
 708             }
 709         };
 710 
 711         abstract void build(float[] x, int a, int g, int z, int n, int p, Random random);
 712     }
 713 
 714     private static enum DoubleBuilder {
 715         SIMPLE {
 716             void build(double[] x, int a, int g, int z, int n, int p, Random random) {
 717                 int fromIndex = 0;
 718                 double negativeValue = -random.nextFloat();
 719                 double positiveValue =  random.nextFloat();
 720 
 721                 writeValue(x, negativeValue, fromIndex, n);
 722                 fromIndex += n;
 723 
 724                 writeValue(x, -0.0d, fromIndex, g);
 725                 fromIndex += g;
 726 
 727                 writeValue(x, 0.0d, fromIndex, z);
 728                 fromIndex += z;
 729 
 730                 writeValue(x, positiveValue, fromIndex, p);
 731                 fromIndex += p;
 732 
 733                 writeValue(x, Double.NaN, fromIndex, a);
 734             }
 735         };
 736 
 737         abstract void build(double[] x, int a, int g, int z, int n, int p, Random random);
 738     }
 739 
 740     private static void writeValue(float[] a, float value, int fromIndex, int count) {
 741         for (int i = fromIndex; i < fromIndex + count; i++) {
 742             a[i] = value;
 743         }
 744     }
 745 
 746     private static void compare(float[] a, float[] b, int numNaN, int numNeg, int numNegZero) {
 747         for (int i = a.length - numNaN; i < a.length; i++) {
 748             if (a[i] == a[i]) {
 749                 failed("On position " + i + " must be NaN instead of " + a[i]);
 750             }
 751         }
 752         final int NEGATIVE_ZERO = Float.floatToIntBits(-0.0f);
 753 
 754         for (int i = numNeg; i < numNeg + numNegZero; i++) {
 755             if (NEGATIVE_ZERO != Float.floatToIntBits(a[i])) {
 756                 failed("On position " + i + " must be -0.0 instead of " + a[i]);
 757             }
 758         }
 759         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - numNaN; i++) {
 760             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
 761                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
 762             }
 763         }
 764     }
 765 
 766     private static void writeValue(double[] a, double value, int fromIndex, int count) {
 767         for (int i = fromIndex; i < fromIndex + count; i++) {
 768             a[i] = value;
 769         }
 770     }
 771 
 772     private static void compare(double[] a, double[] b, int numNaN, int numNeg, int numNegZero) {
 773         for (int i = a.length - numNaN; i < a.length; i++) {
 774             if (a[i] == a[i]) {
 775                 failed("On position " + i + " must be NaN instead of " + a[i]);
 776             }
 777         }
 778         final long NEGATIVE_ZERO = Double.doubleToLongBits(-0.0d);
 779 
 780         for (int i = numNeg; i < numNeg + numNegZero; i++) {
 781             if (NEGATIVE_ZERO != Double.doubleToLongBits(a[i])) {
 782                 failed("On position " + i + " must be -0.0 instead of " + a[i]);
 783             }
 784         }
 785         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - numNaN; i++) {
 786             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
 787                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
 788             }
 789         }
 790     }
 791 
 792     private static enum SortedBuilder {
 793         REPEATED {
 794             void build(int[] a, int m) {
 795                 int period = a.length / m;
 796                 int i = 0;
 797                 int k = 0;
 798 
 799                 while (true) {
 800                     for (int t = 1; t <= period; t++) {
 801                         if (i >= a.length) {
 802                             return;
 803                         }
 804                         a[i++] = k;
 805                     }
 806                     if (i >= a.length) {
 807                         return;
 808                     }
 809                     k++;
 810                 }
 811             }
 812         },
 813         ORGAN_PIPES {
 814             void build(int[] a, int m) {
 815                 int i = 0;
 816                 int k = m;
 817 
 818                 while (true) {
 819                     for (int t = 1; t <= m; t++) {
 820                         if (i >= a.length) {
 821                             return;
 822                         }
 823                         a[i++] = k;
 824                     }
 825                 }
 826             }
 827         };
 828 
 829         abstract void build(int[] a, int m);
 830 
 831         @Override public String toString() {
 832             String name = name();
 833 
 834             for (int i = name.length(); i < 12; i++) {
 835                 name += " ";
 836             }
 837             return name;
 838         }
 839     }
 840 
 841     private static enum MergeBuilder {
 842         ASCENDING {
 843             void build(int[] a, int m) {
 844                 int period = a.length / m;
 845                 int v = 1, i = 0;
 846 
 847                 for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) {
 848                     v = 1;
 849                     for (int p = 0; p < period; p++) {
 850                         a[i++] = v++;
 851                     }
 852                 }
 853                 for (int j = i; j < a.length - 1; j++) {
 854                     a[j] = v++;
 855                 }
 856                 a[a.length - 1] = 0;
 857             }
 858         },
 859         DESCENDING {
 860             void build(int[] a, int m) {
 861                 int period = a.length / m;
 862                 int v = -1, i = 0;
 863 
 864                 for (int k = 0; k < m; k++) {
 865                     v = -1;
 866                     for (int p = 0; p < period; p++) {
 867                         a[i++] = v--;
 868                     }
 869                 }
 870                 for (int j = i; j < a.length - 1; j++) {
 871                     a[j] = v--;
 872                 }
 873                 a[a.length - 1] = 0;
 874             }
 875         };
 876 
 877         abstract void build(int[] a, int m);
 878 
 879         @Override public String toString() {
 880             String name = name();
 881 
 882             for (int i = name.length(); i < 12; i++) {
 883                 name += " ";
 884             }
 885             return name;
 886         }
 887     }
 888 
 889     private static enum UnsortedBuilder {
 890         RANDOM {
 891             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 892                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 893                     a[i] = random.nextInt();
 894                 }
 895             }
 896         },
 897         ASCENDING {
 898             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 899                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 900                     a[i] = m + i;
 901                 }
 902             }
 903         },
 904         DESCENDING {
 905             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 906                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 907                     a[i] = a.length - m - i;
 908                 }
 909             }
 910         },
 911         ALL_EQUAL {
 912             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 913                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 914                     a[i] = m;
 915                 }
 916             }
 917         },
 918         SAW {
 919             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 920                 int incCount = 1;
 921                 int decCount = a.length;
 922                 int i = 0;
 923                 int period = m--;
 924 
 925                 while (true) {
 926                     for (int k = 1; k <= period; k++) {
 927                         if (i >= a.length) {
 928                             return;
 929                         }
 930                         a[i++] = incCount++;
 931                     }
 932                     period += m;
 933 
 934                     for (int k = 1; k <= period; k++) {
 935                         if (i >= a.length) {
 936                             return;
 937                         }
 938                         a[i++] = decCount--;
 939                     }
 940                     period += m;
 941                 }
 942             }
 943         },
 944         REPEATED {
 945             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 946                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 947                     a[i] = i % m;
 948                 }
 949             }
 950         },
 951         DUPLICATED {
 952             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 953                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 954                     a[i] = random.nextInt(m);
 955                 }
 956             }
 957         },
 958         ORGAN_PIPES {
 959             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 960                 int middle = a.length / (m + 1);
 961 
 962                 for (int i = 0; i < middle; i++) {
 963                     a[i] = i;
 964                 }
 965                 for (int i = middle; i < a.length; i++) {
 966                     a[i] = a.length - i - 1;
 967                 }
 968             }
 969         },
 970         STAGGER {
 971             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 972                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 973                     a[i] = (i * m + i) % a.length;
 974                 }
 975             }
 976         },
 977         PLATEAU {
 978             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 979                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 980                     a[i] = Math.min(i, m);
 981                 }
 982             }
 983         },
 984         SHUFFLE {
 985             void build(int[] a, int m, Random random) {
 986                 int x = 0, y = 0;
 987                 for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
 988                     a[i] = random.nextBoolean() ? (x += 2) : (y += 2);
 989                 }
 990             }
 991         };
 992 
 993         abstract void build(int[] a, int m, Random random);
 994 
 995         @Override public String toString() {
 996             String name = name();
 997 
 998             for (int i = name.length(); i < 12; i++) {
 999                 name += " ";
1000             }
1001             return name;
1002         }
1003     }
1004 
1005     private static void checkWithCheckSum(Object test, Object golden) {
1006         checkSorted(test);
1007         checkCheckSum(test, golden);
1008     }
1009 
1010     private static void failed(String message) {
1011         err.format("\n*** TEST FAILED - %s.\n\n%s.\n\n", ourDescription, message);
1012         throw new RuntimeException("Test failed - see log file for details");
1013     }
1014 
1015     private static void failedSort(int index, String value1, String value2) {
1016         failed("Array is not sorted at " + index + "-th position: " +
1017             value1 + " and " + value2);
1018     }
1019 
1020     private static void failedCompare(int index, String value1, String value2) {
1021         failed("On position " + index + " must be " + value2 + " instead of " + value1);
1022     }
1023 
1024     private static void compare(Object test, Object golden) {
1025         if (test instanceof int[]) {
1026             compare((int[]) test, (int[]) golden);
1027         } else if (test instanceof long[]) {
1028             compare((long[]) test, (long[]) golden);
1029         } else if (test instanceof short[]) {
1030             compare((short[]) test, (short[]) golden);
1031         } else if (test instanceof byte[]) {
1032             compare((byte[]) test, (byte[]) golden);
1033         } else if (test instanceof char[]) {
1034             compare((char[]) test, (char[]) golden);
1035         } else if (test instanceof float[]) {
1036             compare((float[]) test, (float[]) golden);
1037         } else if (test instanceof double[]) {
1038             compare((double[]) test, (double[]) golden);
1039         } else if (test instanceof Integer[]) {
1040             compare((Integer[]) test, (Integer[]) golden);
1041         } else {
1042             failed("Unknow type of array: " + test + " of class " +
1043                 test.getClass().getName());
1044         }
1045     }
1046 
1047     private static void compare(int[] a, int[] b) {
1048         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1049             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
1050                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1051             }
1052         }
1053     }
1054 
1055     private static void compare(long[] a, long[] b) {
1056         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1057             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
1058                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1059             }
1060         }
1061     }
1062 
1063     private static void compare(short[] a, short[] b) {
1064         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1065             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
1066                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1067             }
1068         }
1069     }
1070 
1071     private static void compare(byte[] a, byte[] b) {
1072         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1073             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
1074                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1075             }
1076         }
1077     }
1078 
1079     private static void compare(char[] a, char[] b) {
1080         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1081             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
1082                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1083             }
1084         }
1085     }
1086 
1087     private static void compare(float[] a, float[] b) {
1088         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1089             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
1090                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1091             }
1092         }
1093     }
1094 
1095     private static void compare(double[] a, double[] b) {
1096         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1097             if (a[i] != b[i]) {
1098                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1099             }
1100         }
1101     }
1102 
1103     private static void compare(Integer[] a, Integer[] b) {
1104         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
1105             if (a[i].compareTo(b[i]) != 0) {
1106                 failedCompare(i, "" + a[i], "" + b[i]);
1107             }
1108         }
1109     }
1110 
1111     private static void checkSorted(Object object) {
1112         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1113             checkSorted((int[]) object);
1114         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1115             checkSorted((long[]) object);
1116         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1117             checkSorted((short[]) object);
1118         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1119             checkSorted((byte[]) object);
1120         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1121             checkSorted((char[]) object);
1122         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1123             checkSorted((float[]) object);
1124         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1125             checkSorted((double[]) object);
1126         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1127             checkSorted((Integer[]) object);
1128         } else {
1129             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1130                 object.getClass().getName());
1131         }
1132     }
1133 
1134     private static void checkSorted(int[] a) {
1135         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1136             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1137                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1138             }
1139         }
1140     }
1141 
1142     private static void checkSorted(long[] a) {
1143         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1144             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1145                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1146             }
1147         }
1148     }
1149 
1150     private static void checkSorted(short[] a) {
1151         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1152             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1153                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1154             }
1155         }
1156     }
1157 
1158     private static void checkSorted(byte[] a) {
1159         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1160             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1161                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1162             }
1163         }
1164     }
1165 
1166     private static void checkSorted(char[] a) {
1167         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1168             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1169                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1170             }
1171         }
1172     }
1173 
1174     private static void checkSorted(float[] a) {
1175         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1176             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1177                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1178             }
1179         }
1180     }
1181 
1182     private static void checkSorted(double[] a) {
1183         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1184             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1185                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1186             }
1187         }
1188     }
1189 
1190     private static void checkSorted(Integer[] a) {
1191         for (int i = 0; i < a.length - 1; i++) {
1192             if (a[i].intValue() > a[i + 1].intValue()) {
1193                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1194             }
1195         }
1196     }
1197 
1198     private static void checkCheckSum(Object test, Object golden) {
1199         if (checkSumXor(test) != checkSumXor(golden)) {
1200             failed("Original and sorted arrays are not identical [xor]");
1201         }
1202         if (checkSumPlus(test) != checkSumPlus(golden)) {
1203             failed("Original and sorted arrays are not identical [plus]");
1204         }
1205     }
1206 
1207     private static int checkSumXor(Object object) {
1208         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1209             return checkSumXor((int[]) object);
1210         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1211             return checkSumXor((long[]) object);
1212         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1213             return checkSumXor((short[]) object);
1214         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1215             return checkSumXor((byte[]) object);
1216         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1217             return checkSumXor((char[]) object);
1218         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1219             return checkSumXor((float[]) object);
1220         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1221             return checkSumXor((double[]) object);
1222         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1223             return checkSumXor((Integer[]) object);
1224         } else {
1225             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1226                 object.getClass().getName());
1227             return -1;
1228         }
1229     }
1230 
1231     private static int checkSumXor(Integer[] a) {
1232         int checkSum = 0;
1233 
1234         for (Integer e : a) {
1235             checkSum ^= e.intValue();
1236         }
1237         return checkSum;
1238     }
1239 
1240     private static int checkSumXor(int[] a) {
1241         int checkSum = 0;
1242 
1243         for (int e : a) {
1244             checkSum ^= e;
1245         }
1246         return checkSum;
1247     }
1248 
1249     private static int checkSumXor(long[] a) {
1250         long checkSum = 0;
1251 
1252         for (long e : a) {
1253             checkSum ^= e;
1254         }
1255         return (int) checkSum;
1256     }
1257 
1258     private static int checkSumXor(short[] a) {
1259         short checkSum = 0;
1260 
1261         for (short e : a) {
1262             checkSum ^= e;
1263         }
1264         return (int) checkSum;
1265     }
1266 
1267     private static int checkSumXor(byte[] a) {
1268         byte checkSum = 0;
1269 
1270         for (byte e : a) {
1271             checkSum ^= e;
1272         }
1273         return (int) checkSum;
1274     }
1275 
1276     private static int checkSumXor(char[] a) {
1277         char checkSum = 0;
1278 
1279         for (char e : a) {
1280             checkSum ^= e;
1281         }
1282         return (int) checkSum;
1283     }
1284 
1285     private static int checkSumXor(float[] a) {
1286         int checkSum = 0;
1287 
1288         for (float e : a) {
1289             checkSum ^= (int) e;
1290         }
1291         return checkSum;
1292     }
1293 
1294     private static int checkSumXor(double[] a) {
1295         int checkSum = 0;
1296 
1297         for (double e : a) {
1298             checkSum ^= (int) e;
1299         }
1300         return checkSum;
1301     }
1302 
1303     private static int checkSumPlus(Object object) {
1304         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1305             return checkSumPlus((int[]) object);
1306         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1307             return checkSumPlus((long[]) object);
1308         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1309             return checkSumPlus((short[]) object);
1310         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1311             return checkSumPlus((byte[]) object);
1312         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1313             return checkSumPlus((char[]) object);
1314         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1315             return checkSumPlus((float[]) object);
1316         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1317             return checkSumPlus((double[]) object);
1318         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1319             return checkSumPlus((Integer[]) object);
1320         } else {
1321             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1322                 object.getClass().getName());
1323             return -1;
1324         }
1325     }
1326 
1327     private static int checkSumPlus(int[] a) {
1328         int checkSum = 0;
1329 
1330         for (int e : a) {
1331             checkSum += e;
1332         }
1333         return checkSum;
1334     }
1335 
1336     private static int checkSumPlus(long[] a) {
1337         long checkSum = 0;
1338 
1339         for (long e : a) {
1340             checkSum += e;
1341         }
1342         return (int) checkSum;
1343     }
1344 
1345     private static int checkSumPlus(short[] a) {
1346         short checkSum = 0;
1347 
1348         for (short e : a) {
1349             checkSum += e;
1350         }
1351         return (int) checkSum;
1352     }
1353 
1354     private static int checkSumPlus(byte[] a) {
1355         byte checkSum = 0;
1356 
1357         for (byte e : a) {
1358             checkSum += e;
1359         }
1360         return (int) checkSum;
1361     }
1362 
1363     private static int checkSumPlus(char[] a) {
1364         char checkSum = 0;
1365 
1366         for (char e : a) {
1367             checkSum += e;
1368         }
1369         return (int) checkSum;
1370     }
1371 
1372     private static int checkSumPlus(float[] a) {
1373         int checkSum = 0;
1374 
1375         for (float e : a) {
1376             checkSum += (int) e;
1377         }
1378         return checkSum;
1379     }
1380 
1381     private static int checkSumPlus(double[] a) {
1382         int checkSum = 0;
1383 
1384         for (double e : a) {
1385             checkSum += (int) e;
1386         }
1387         return checkSum;
1388     }
1389 
1390     private static int checkSumPlus(Integer[] a) {
1391         int checkSum = 0;
1392 
1393         for (Integer e : a) {
1394             checkSum += e.intValue();
1395         }
1396         return checkSum;
1397     }
1398 
1399     private static void sortByInsertionSort(Object object) {
1400         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1401             sortByInsertionSort((int[]) object);
1402         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1403             sortByInsertionSort((long[]) object);
1404         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1405             sortByInsertionSort((short[]) object);
1406         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1407             sortByInsertionSort((byte[]) object);
1408         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1409             sortByInsertionSort((char[]) object);
1410         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1411             sortByInsertionSort((float[]) object);
1412         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1413             sortByInsertionSort((double[]) object);
1414         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1415             sortByInsertionSort((Integer[]) object);
1416         } else {
1417             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1418                 object.getClass().getName());
1419         }
1420     }
1421 
1422     private static void sortByInsertionSort(int[] a) {
1423         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1424             int ai = a[i];
1425             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1426                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1427             }
1428             a[j + 1] = ai;
1429         }
1430     }
1431 
1432     private static void sortByInsertionSort(long[] a) {
1433         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1434             long ai = a[i];
1435             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1436                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1437             }
1438             a[j + 1] = ai;
1439         }
1440     }
1441 
1442     private static void sortByInsertionSort(short[] a) {
1443         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1444             short ai = a[i];
1445             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1446                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1447             }
1448             a[j + 1] = ai;
1449         }
1450     }
1451 
1452     private static void sortByInsertionSort(byte[] a) {
1453         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1454             byte ai = a[i];
1455             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1456                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1457             }
1458             a[j + 1] = ai;
1459         }
1460     }
1461 
1462     private static void sortByInsertionSort(char[] a) {
1463         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1464             char ai = a[i];
1465             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1466                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1467             }
1468             a[j + 1] = ai;
1469         }
1470     }
1471 
1472     private static void sortByInsertionSort(float[] a) {
1473         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1474             float ai = a[i];
1475             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1476                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1477             }
1478             a[j + 1] = ai;
1479         }
1480     }
1481 
1482     private static void sortByInsertionSort(double[] a) {
1483         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1484             double ai = a[i];
1485             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1486                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1487             }
1488             a[j + 1] = ai;
1489         }
1490     }
1491 
1492     private static void sortByInsertionSort(Integer[] a) {
1493         for (int j, i = 1; i < a.length; i++) {
1494             Integer ai = a[i];
1495             for (j = i - 1; j >= 0 && ai < a[j]; j--) {
1496                 a[j + 1] = a[j];
1497             }
1498             a[j + 1] = ai;
1499         }
1500     }
1501 
1502     private static void sort(Object object) {
1503         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1504             Arrays.sort((int[]) object);
1505         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1506             Arrays.sort((long[]) object);
1507         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1508             Arrays.sort((short[]) object);
1509         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1510             Arrays.sort((byte[]) object);
1511         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1512             Arrays.sort((char[]) object);
1513         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1514             Arrays.sort((float[]) object);
1515         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1516             Arrays.sort((double[]) object);
1517         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1518             Arrays.sort((Integer[]) object);
1519         } else {
1520             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1521                 object.getClass().getName());
1522         }
1523     }
1524 
1525     private static void sortSubArray(Object object, int fromIndex, int toIndex) {
1526         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1527             Arrays.sort((int[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1528         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1529             Arrays.sort((long[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1530         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1531             Arrays.sort((short[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1532         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1533             Arrays.sort((byte[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1534         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1535             Arrays.sort((char[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1536         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1537             Arrays.sort((float[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1538         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1539             Arrays.sort((double[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1540         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1541             Arrays.sort((Integer[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex);
1542         } else {
1543             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1544                 object.getClass().getName());
1545         }
1546     }
1547 
1548     private static void checkSubArray(Object object, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1549         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1550             checkSubArray((int[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1551         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1552             checkSubArray((long[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1553         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1554             checkSubArray((short[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1555         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1556             checkSubArray((byte[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1557         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1558             checkSubArray((char[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1559         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1560             checkSubArray((float[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1561         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1562             checkSubArray((double[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1563         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1564             checkSubArray((Integer[]) object, fromIndex, toIndex, m);
1565         } else {
1566             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1567                 object.getClass().getName());
1568         }
1569     }
1570 
1571     private static void checkSubArray(Integer[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1572         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1573             if (a[i].intValue() != 0xDEDA) {
1574                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1575                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1576             }
1577         }
1578 
1579         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1580             if (a[i].intValue() > a[i + 1].intValue()) {
1581                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1582             }
1583         }
1584 
1585         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1586             if (a[i].intValue() != 0xBABA) {
1587                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1588                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1589             }
1590         }
1591     }
1592 
1593     private static void checkSubArray(int[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1594         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1595             if (a[i] != 0xDEDA) {
1596                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1597                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1598             }
1599         }
1600 
1601         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1602             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1603                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1604             }
1605         }
1606 
1607         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1608             if (a[i] != 0xBABA) {
1609                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1610                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1611             }
1612         }
1613     }
1614 
1615     private static void checkSubArray(byte[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1616         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1617             if (a[i] != (byte) 0xDEDA) {
1618                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1619                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1620             }
1621         }
1622 
1623         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1624             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1625                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1626             }
1627         }
1628 
1629         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1630             if (a[i] != (byte) 0xBABA) {
1631                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1632                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1633             }
1634         }
1635     }
1636 
1637     private static void checkSubArray(long[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1638         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1639             if (a[i] != (long) 0xDEDA) {
1640                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1641                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1642             }
1643         }
1644 
1645         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1646             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1647                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1648             }
1649         }
1650 
1651         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1652             if (a[i] != (long) 0xBABA) {
1653                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1654                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1655             }
1656         }
1657     }
1658 
1659     private static void checkSubArray(char[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1660         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1661             if (a[i] != (char) 0xDEDA) {
1662                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1663                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1664             }
1665         }
1666 
1667         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1668             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1669                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1670             }
1671         }
1672 
1673         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1674             if (a[i] != (char) 0xBABA) {
1675                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1676                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1677             }
1678         }
1679     }
1680 
1681     private static void checkSubArray(short[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1682         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1683             if (a[i] != (short) 0xDEDA) {
1684                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1685                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1686             }
1687         }
1688 
1689         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1690             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1691                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1692             }
1693         }
1694 
1695         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1696             if (a[i] != (short) 0xBABA) {
1697                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1698                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1699             }
1700         }
1701     }
1702 
1703     private static void checkSubArray(float[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1704         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1705             if (a[i] != (float) 0xDEDA) {
1706                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1707                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1708             }
1709         }
1710 
1711         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1712             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1713                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1714             }
1715         }
1716 
1717         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1718             if (a[i] != (float) 0xBABA) {
1719                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1720                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1721             }
1722         }
1723     }
1724 
1725     private static void checkSubArray(double[] a, int fromIndex, int toIndex, int m) {
1726         for (int i = 0; i < fromIndex; i++) {
1727             if (a[i] != (double) 0xDEDA) {
1728                 failed("Range sort changes left element on position " + i +
1729                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xDEDA);
1730             }
1731         }
1732 
1733         for (int i = fromIndex; i < toIndex - 1; i++) {
1734             if (a[i] > a[i + 1]) {
1735                 failedSort(i, "" + a[i], "" + a[i + 1]);
1736             }
1737         }
1738 
1739         for (int i = toIndex; i < a.length; i++) {
1740             if (a[i] != (double) 0xBABA) {
1741                 failed("Range sort changes right element on position " + i +
1742                     ": " + a[i] + ", must be " + 0xBABA);
1743             }
1744         }
1745     }
1746 
1747     private static void checkRange(Object object, int m) {
1748         if (object instanceof int[]) {
1749             checkRange((int[]) object, m);
1750         } else if (object instanceof long[]) {
1751             checkRange((long[]) object, m);
1752         } else if (object instanceof short[]) {
1753             checkRange((short[]) object, m);
1754         } else if (object instanceof byte[]) {
1755             checkRange((byte[]) object, m);
1756         } else if (object instanceof char[]) {
1757             checkRange((char[]) object, m);
1758         } else if (object instanceof float[]) {
1759             checkRange((float[]) object, m);
1760         } else if (object instanceof double[]) {
1761             checkRange((double[]) object, m);
1762         } else if (object instanceof Integer[]) {
1763             checkRange((Integer[]) object, m);
1764         } else {
1765             failed("Unknow type of array: " + object + " of class " +
1766                 object.getClass().getName());
1767         }
1768     }
1769 
1770     private static void checkRange(Integer[] a, int m) {
1771         try {
1772             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1773 
1774             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1775                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1776                 " toIndex = " + m);
1777         }
1778         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1779             try {
1780                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1781 
1782                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1783                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1784             }
1785             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1786                 try {
1787                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1788 
1789                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1790                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1791                 }
1792                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1793                     return;
1794                 }
1795             }
1796         }
1797     }
1798 
1799     private static void checkRange(int[] a, int m) {
1800         try {
1801             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1802 
1803             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1804                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1805                 " toIndex = " + m);
1806         }
1807         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1808             try {
1809                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1810 
1811                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1812                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1813             }
1814             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1815                 try {
1816                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1817 
1818                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1819                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1820                 }
1821                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1822                     return;
1823                 }
1824             }
1825         }
1826     }
1827 
1828     private static void checkRange(long[] a, int m) {
1829         try {
1830             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1831 
1832             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1833                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1834                 " toIndex = " + m);
1835         }
1836         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1837             try {
1838                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1839 
1840                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1841                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1842             }
1843             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1844                 try {
1845                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1846 
1847                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1848                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1849                 }
1850                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1851                     return;
1852                 }
1853             }
1854         }
1855     }
1856 
1857     private static void checkRange(byte[] a, int m) {
1858         try {
1859             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1860 
1861             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1862                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1863                 " toIndex = " + m);
1864         }
1865         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1866             try {
1867                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1868 
1869                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1870                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1871             }
1872             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1873                 try {
1874                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1875 
1876                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1877                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1878                 }
1879                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1880                     return;
1881                 }
1882             }
1883         }
1884     }
1885 
1886     private static void checkRange(short[] a, int m) {
1887         try {
1888             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1889 
1890             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1891                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1892                 " toIndex = " + m);
1893         }
1894         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1895             try {
1896                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1897 
1898                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1899                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1900             }
1901             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1902                 try {
1903                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1904 
1905                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1906                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1907                 }
1908                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1909                     return;
1910                 }
1911             }
1912         }
1913     }
1914 
1915     private static void checkRange(char[] a, int m) {
1916         try {
1917             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1918 
1919             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1920                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1921                 " toIndex = " + m);
1922         }
1923         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1924             try {
1925                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1926 
1927                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1928                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1929             }
1930             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1931                 try {
1932                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1933 
1934                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1935                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1936                 }
1937                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1938                     return;
1939                 }
1940             }
1941         }
1942     }
1943 
1944     private static void checkRange(float[] a, int m) {
1945         try {
1946             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1947 
1948             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1949                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1950                 " toIndex = " + m);
1951         }
1952         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1953             try {
1954                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1955 
1956                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1957                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1958             }
1959             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1960                 try {
1961                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1962 
1963                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1964                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1965                 }
1966                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1967                     return;
1968                 }
1969             }
1970         }
1971     }
1972 
1973     private static void checkRange(double[] a, int m) {
1974         try {
1975             Arrays.sort(a, m + 1, m);
1976 
1977             failed("Sort does not throw IllegalArgumentException " +
1978                 " as expected: fromIndex = " + (m + 1) +
1979                 " toIndex = " + m);
1980         }
1981         catch (IllegalArgumentException iae) {
1982             try {
1983                 Arrays.sort(a, -m, a.length);
1984 
1985                 failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1986                     " as expected: fromIndex = " + (-m));
1987             }
1988             catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aoe) {
1989                 try {
1990                     Arrays.sort(a, 0, a.length + m);
1991 
1992                     failed("Sort does not throw ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException " +
1993                         " as expected: toIndex = " + (a.length + m));
1994                 }
1995                 catch (ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException aie) {
1996                     return;
1997                 }
1998             }
1999         }
2000     }
2001 
2002     private static void outArray(Object[] a) {
2003         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
2004             out.print(a[i] + " ");
2005         }
2006         out.println();
2007     }
2008 
2009     private static void outArray(int[] a) {
2010         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
2011             out.print(a[i] + " ");
2012         }
2013         out.println();
2014     }
2015 
2016     private static void outArray(float[] a) {
2017         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
2018             out.print(a[i] + " ");
2019         }
2020         out.println();
2021     }
2022 
2023     private static void outArray(double[] a) {
2024         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++) {
2025             out.print(a[i] + " ");
2026         }
2027         out.println();
2028     }
2029 
2030     private static class MyRandom extends Random {
2031         MyRandom(long seed) {
2032             super(seed);
2033             mySeed = seed;
2034         }
2035 
2036         long getSeed() {
2037             return mySeed;
2038         }
2039 
2040         private long mySeed;
2041     }
2042 
2043     private static String ourDescription;
2044 }