1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 2003, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 * questions.
24 */
25
26 package java.util;
27
28 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
29 import java.io.Closeable;
30 import java.io.IOException;
31 import java.io.File;
32 import java.io.FileOutputStream;
33 import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
34 import java.io.Flushable;
35 import java.io.OutputStream;
36 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
37 import java.io.PrintStream;
38 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
39 import java.math.BigDecimal;
40 import java.math.BigInteger;
41 import java.math.MathContext;
42 import java.math.RoundingMode;
43 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
44 import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
45 import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
46 import java.text.DateFormatSymbols;
47 import java.text.DecimalFormat;
48 import java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols;
49 import java.text.NumberFormat;
50 import java.util.regex.Matcher;
51 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
52
53 import java.time.DateTimeException;
54 import java.time.Instant;
55 import java.time.ZoneId;
56 import java.time.ZoneOffset;
57 import java.time.temporal.ChronoField;
58 import java.time.temporal.TemporalAccessor;
59 import java.time.temporal.TemporalQuery;
60
61 import sun.misc.DoubleConsts;
62 import sun.misc.FormattedFloatingDecimal;
63
64 /**
65 * An interpreter for printf-style format strings. This class provides support
66 * for layout justification and alignment, common formats for numeric, string,
67 * and date/time data, and locale-specific output. Common Java types such as
68 * {@code byte}, {@link java.math.BigDecimal BigDecimal}, and {@link Calendar}
69 * are supported. Limited formatting customization for arbitrary user types is
70 * provided through the {@link Formattable} interface.
71 *
72 * <p> Formatters are not necessarily safe for multithreaded access. Thread
73 * safety is optional and is the responsibility of users of methods in this
74 * class.
75 *
76 * <p> Formatted printing for the Java language is heavily inspired by C's
77 * {@code printf}. Although the format strings are similar to C, some
78 * customizations have been made to accommodate the Java language and exploit
79 * some of its features. Also, Java formatting is more strict than C's; for
80 * example, if a conversion is incompatible with a flag, an exception will be
81 * thrown. In C inapplicable flags are silently ignored. The format strings
82 * are thus intended to be recognizable to C programmers but not necessarily
83 * completely compatible with those in C.
84 *
85 * <p> Examples of expected usage:
86 *
87 * <blockquote><pre>
88 * StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
89 * // Send all output to the Appendable object sb
90 * Formatter formatter = new Formatter(sb, Locale.US);
91 *
92 * // Explicit argument indices may be used to re-order output.
93 * formatter.format("%4$2s %3$2s %2$2s %1$2s", "a", "b", "c", "d")
94 * // -> " d c b a"
95 *
96 * // Optional locale as the first argument can be used to get
97 * // locale-specific formatting of numbers. The precision and width can be
98 * // given to round and align the value.
99 * formatter.format(Locale.FRANCE, "e = %+10.4f", Math.E);
100 * // -> "e = +2,7183"
101 *
102 * // The '(' numeric flag may be used to format negative numbers with
103 * // parentheses rather than a minus sign. Group separators are
104 * // automatically inserted.
105 * formatter.format("Amount gained or lost since last statement: $ %(,.2f",
106 * balanceDelta);
107 * // -> "Amount gained or lost since last statement: $ (6,217.58)"
108 * </pre></blockquote>
109 *
110 * <p> Convenience methods for common formatting requests exist as illustrated
111 * by the following invocations:
112 *
113 * <blockquote><pre>
114 * // Writes a formatted string to System.out.
115 * System.out.format("Local time: %tT", Calendar.getInstance());
116 * // -> "Local time: 13:34:18"
117 *
118 * // Writes formatted output to System.err.
119 * System.err.printf("Unable to open file '%1$s': %2$s",
120 * fileName, exception.getMessage());
121 * // -> "Unable to open file 'food': No such file or directory"
122 * </pre></blockquote>
123 *
124 * <p> Like C's {@code sprintf(3)}, Strings may be formatted using the static
125 * method {@link String#format(String,Object...) String.format}:
126 *
127 * <blockquote><pre>
128 * // Format a string containing a date.
129 * import java.util.Calendar;
130 * import java.util.GregorianCalendar;
131 * import static java.util.Calendar.*;
132 *
133 * Calendar c = new GregorianCalendar(1995, MAY, 23);
134 * String s = String.format("Duke's Birthday: %1$tm %1$te,%1$tY", c);
135 * // -> s == "Duke's Birthday: May 23, 1995"
136 * </pre></blockquote>
137 *
138 * <h3><a name="org">Organization</a></h3>
139 *
140 * <p> This specification is divided into two sections. The first section, <a
141 * href="#summary">Summary</a>, covers the basic formatting concepts. This
142 * section is intended for users who want to get started quickly and are
143 * familiar with formatted printing in other programming languages. The second
144 * section, <a href="#detail">Details</a>, covers the specific implementation
145 * details. It is intended for users who want more precise specification of
146 * formatting behavior.
147 *
148 * <h3><a name="summary">Summary</a></h3>
149 *
150 * <p> This section is intended to provide a brief overview of formatting
151 * concepts. For precise behavioral details, refer to the <a
152 * href="#detail">Details</a> section.
153 *
154 * <h4><a name="syntax">Format String Syntax</a></h4>
155 *
156 * <p> Every method which produces formatted output requires a <i>format
157 * string</i> and an <i>argument list</i>. The format string is a {@link
158 * String} which may contain fixed text and one or more embedded <i>format
159 * specifiers</i>. Consider the following example:
160 *
161 * <blockquote><pre>
162 * Calendar c = ...;
163 * String s = String.format("Duke's Birthday: %1$tm %1$te,%1$tY", c);
164 * </pre></blockquote>
165 *
166 * This format string is the first argument to the {@code format} method. It
167 * contains three format specifiers "{@code %1$tm}", "{@code %1$te}", and
168 * "{@code %1$tY}" which indicate how the arguments should be processed and
169 * where they should be inserted in the text. The remaining portions of the
170 * format string are fixed text including {@code "Dukes Birthday: "} and any
171 * other spaces or punctuation.
172 *
173 * The argument list consists of all arguments passed to the method after the
174 * format string. In the above example, the argument list is of size one and
175 * consists of the {@link java.util.Calendar Calendar} object {@code c}.
176 *
177 * <ul>
178 *
179 * <li> The format specifiers for general, character, and numeric types have
180 * the following syntax:
181 *
182 * <blockquote><pre>
183 * %[argument_index$][flags][width][.precision]conversion
184 * </pre></blockquote>
185 *
186 * <p> The optional <i>argument_index</i> is a decimal integer indicating the
187 * position of the argument in the argument list. The first argument is
188 * referenced by "{@code 1$}", the second by "{@code 2$}", etc.
189 *
190 * <p> The optional <i>flags</i> is a set of characters that modify the output
191 * format. The set of valid flags depends on the conversion.
192 *
193 * <p> The optional <i>width</i> is a non-negative decimal integer indicating
194 * the minimum number of characters to be written to the output.
195 *
196 * <p> The optional <i>precision</i> is a non-negative decimal integer usually
197 * used to restrict the number of characters. The specific behavior depends on
198 * the conversion.
199 *
200 * <p> The required <i>conversion</i> is a character indicating how the
201 * argument should be formatted. The set of valid conversions for a given
202 * argument depends on the argument's data type.
203 *
204 * <li> The format specifiers for types which are used to represents dates and
205 * times have the following syntax:
206 *
207 * <blockquote><pre>
208 * %[argument_index$][flags][width]conversion
209 * </pre></blockquote>
210 *
211 * <p> The optional <i>argument_index</i>, <i>flags</i> and <i>width</i> are
212 * defined as above.
213 *
214 * <p> The required <i>conversion</i> is a two character sequence. The first
215 * character is {@code 't'} or {@code 'T'}. The second character indicates
216 * the format to be used. These characters are similar to but not completely
217 * identical to those defined by GNU {@code date} and POSIX
218 * {@code strftime(3c)}.
219 *
220 * <li> The format specifiers which do not correspond to arguments have the
221 * following syntax:
222 *
223 * <blockquote><pre>
224 * %[flags][width]conversion
225 * </pre></blockquote>
226 *
227 * <p> The optional <i>flags</i> and <i>width</i> is defined as above.
228 *
229 * <p> The required <i>conversion</i> is a character indicating content to be
230 * inserted in the output.
231 *
232 * </ul>
233 *
234 * <h4> Conversions </h4>
235 *
236 * <p> Conversions are divided into the following categories:
237 *
238 * <ol>
239 *
240 * <li> <b>General</b> - may be applied to any argument
241 * type
242 *
243 * <li> <b>Character</b> - may be applied to basic types which represent
244 * Unicode characters: {@code char}, {@link Character}, {@code byte}, {@link
245 * Byte}, {@code short}, and {@link Short}. This conversion may also be
246 * applied to the types {@code int} and {@link Integer} when {@link
247 * Character#isValidCodePoint} returns {@code true}
248 *
249 * <li> <b>Numeric</b>
250 *
251 * <ol>
252 *
253 * <li> <b>Integral</b> - may be applied to Java integral types: {@code byte},
254 * {@link Byte}, {@code short}, {@link Short}, {@code int} and {@link
255 * Integer}, {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link java.math.BigInteger
256 * BigInteger}
257 *
258 * <li><b>Floating Point</b> - may be applied to Java floating-point types:
259 * {@code float}, {@link Float}, {@code double}, {@link Double}, and {@link
260 * java.math.BigDecimal BigDecimal}
261 *
262 * </ol>
263 *
264 * <li> <b>Date/Time</b> - may be applied to Java types which are capable of
265 * encoding a date or time: {@code long}, {@link Long}, {@link Calendar},
266 * {@link Date} and {@link TemporalAccessor TemporalAccessor}
267 *
268 * <li> <b>Percent</b> - produces a literal {@code '%'}
269 * (<tt>'\u0025'</tt>)
270 *
271 * <li> <b>Line Separator</b> - produces the platform-specific line separator
272 *
273 * </ol>
274 *
275 * <p> The following table summarizes the supported conversions. Conversions
276 * denoted by an upper-case character (i.e. {@code 'B'}, {@code 'H'},
277 * {@code 'S'}, {@code 'C'}, {@code 'X'}, {@code 'E'}, {@code 'G'},
278 * {@code 'A'}, and {@code 'T'}) are the same as those for the corresponding
279 * lower-case conversion characters except that the result is converted to
280 * upper case according to the rules of the prevailing {@link java.util.Locale
281 * Locale}. The result is equivalent to the following invocation of {@link
282 * String#toUpperCase()}
283 *
284 * <pre>
285 * out.toUpperCase() </pre>
286 *
287 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="genConv">
288 *
289 * <tr><th valign="bottom"> Conversion
290 * <th valign="bottom"> Argument Category
291 * <th valign="bottom"> Description
292 *
293 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'b'}, {@code 'B'}
294 * <td valign="top"> general
295 * <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the result is
296 * "{@code false}". If <i>arg</i> is a {@code boolean} or {@link
297 * Boolean}, then the result is the string returned by {@link
298 * String#valueOf(boolean) String.valueOf(arg)}. Otherwise, the result is
299 * "true".
300 *
301 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'h'}, {@code 'H'}
302 * <td valign="top"> general
303 * <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the result is
304 * "{@code null}". Otherwise, the result is obtained by invoking
305 * {@code Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode())}.
306 *
307 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 's'}, {@code 'S'}
308 * <td valign="top"> general
309 * <td> If the argument <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the result is
310 * "{@code null}". If <i>arg</i> implements {@link Formattable}, then
311 * {@link Formattable#formatTo arg.formatTo} is invoked. Otherwise, the
312 * result is obtained by invoking {@code arg.toString()}.
313 *
314 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'c'}, {@code 'C'}
315 * <td valign="top"> character
316 * <td> The result is a Unicode character
317 *
318 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'd'}
319 * <td valign="top"> integral
320 * <td> The result is formatted as a decimal integer
321 *
322 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'o'}
323 * <td valign="top"> integral
324 * <td> The result is formatted as an octal integer
325 *
326 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'x'}, {@code 'X'}
327 * <td valign="top"> integral
328 * <td> The result is formatted as a hexadecimal integer
329 *
330 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'e'}, {@code 'E'}
331 * <td valign="top"> floating point
332 * <td> The result is formatted as a decimal number in computerized
333 * scientific notation
334 *
335 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'f'}
336 * <td valign="top"> floating point
337 * <td> The result is formatted as a decimal number
338 *
339 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'g'}, {@code 'G'}
340 * <td valign="top"> floating point
341 * <td> The result is formatted using computerized scientific notation or
342 * decimal format, depending on the precision and the value after rounding.
343 *
344 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'a'}, {@code 'A'}
345 * <td valign="top"> floating point
346 * <td> The result is formatted as a hexadecimal floating-point number with
347 * a significand and an exponent. This conversion is <b>not</b> supported
348 * for the {@code BigDecimal} type despite the latter's being in the
349 * <i>floating point</i> argument category.
350 *
351 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 't'}, {@code 'T'}
352 * <td valign="top"> date/time
353 * <td> Prefix for date and time conversion characters. See <a
354 * href="#dt">Date/Time Conversions</a>.
355 *
356 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code '%'}
357 * <td valign="top"> percent
358 * <td> The result is a literal {@code '%'} (<tt>'\u0025'</tt>)
359 *
360 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'n'}
361 * <td valign="top"> line separator
362 * <td> The result is the platform-specific line separator
363 *
364 * </table>
365 *
366 * <p> Any characters not explicitly defined as conversions are illegal and are
367 * reserved for future extensions.
368 *
369 * <h4><a name="dt">Date/Time Conversions</a></h4>
370 *
371 * <p> The following date and time conversion suffix characters are defined for
372 * the {@code 't'} and {@code 'T'} conversions. The types are similar to but
373 * not completely identical to those defined by GNU {@code date} and POSIX
374 * {@code strftime(3c)}. Additional conversion types are provided to access
375 * Java-specific functionality (e.g. {@code 'L'} for milliseconds within the
376 * second).
377 *
378 * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting times:
379 *
380 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="time">
381 *
382 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'H'}
383 * <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, formatted as two digits with
384 * a leading zero as necessary i.e. {@code 00 - 23}.
385 *
386 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'I'}
387 * <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, formatted as two digits with a leading
388 * zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 01 - 12}.
389 *
390 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'k'}
391 * <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, i.e. {@code 0 - 23}.
392 *
393 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'l'}
394 * <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, i.e. {@code 1 - 12}.
395 *
396 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'M'}
397 * <td> Minute within the hour formatted as two digits with a leading zero
398 * as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 59}.
399 *
400 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'S'}
401 * <td> Seconds within the minute, formatted as two digits with a leading
402 * zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 60} ("{@code 60}" is a special
403 * value required to support leap seconds).
404 *
405 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'L'}
406 * <td> Millisecond within the second formatted as three digits with
407 * leading zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000 - 999}.
408 *
409 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'N'}
410 * <td> Nanosecond within the second, formatted as nine digits with leading
411 * zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000000000 - 999999999}.
412 *
413 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'p'}
414 * <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
415 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getAmPmStrings morning or afternoon} marker
416 * in lower case, e.g."{@code am}" or "{@code pm}". Use of the conversion
417 * prefix {@code 'T'} forces this output to upper case.
418 *
419 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'z'}
420 * <td> <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt">RFC 822</a>
421 * style numeric time zone offset from GMT, e.g. {@code -0800}. This
422 * value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time. For
423 * {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
424 * the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
425 * instance of the Java virtual machine.
426 *
427 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Z'}
428 * <td> A string representing the abbreviation for the time zone. This
429 * value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time. For
430 * {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
431 * the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
432 * instance of the Java virtual machine. The Formatter's locale will
433 * supersede the locale of the argument (if any).
434 *
435 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 's'}
436 * <td> Seconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January 1970
437 * {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE/1000} to
438 * {@code Long.MAX_VALUE/1000}.
439 *
440 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Q'}
441 * <td> Milliseconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January
442 * 1970 {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE} to
443 * {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}.
444 *
445 * </table>
446 *
447 * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting dates:
448 *
449 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="date">
450 *
451 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'B'}
452 * <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getMonths
453 * full month name}, e.g. {@code "January"}, {@code "February"}.
454 *
455 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'b'}
456 * <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
457 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortMonths abbreviated month name},
458 * e.g. {@code "Jan"}, {@code "Feb"}.
459 *
460 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'h'}
461 * <td> Same as {@code 'b'}.
462 *
463 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'A'}
464 * <td> Locale-specific full name of the {@linkplain
465 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getWeekdays day of the week},
466 * e.g. {@code "Sunday"}, {@code "Monday"}
467 *
468 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'a'}
469 * <td> Locale-specific short name of the {@linkplain
470 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortWeekdays day of the week},
471 * e.g. {@code "Sun"}, {@code "Mon"}
472 *
473 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'C'}
474 * <td> Four-digit year divided by {@code 100}, formatted as two digits
475 * with leading zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}
476 *
477 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Y'}
478 * <td> Year, formatted as at least four digits with leading zeros as
479 * necessary, e.g. {@code 0092} equals {@code 92} CE for the Gregorian
480 * calendar.
481 *
482 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'y'}
483 * <td> Last two digits of the year, formatted with leading zeros as
484 * necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}.
485 *
486 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'j'}
487 * <td> Day of year, formatted as three digits with leading zeros as
488 * necessary, e.g. {@code 001 - 366} for the Gregorian calendar.
489 *
490 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'm'}
491 * <td> Month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as necessary,
492 * i.e. {@code 01 - 13}.
493 *
494 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'd'}
495 * <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as
496 * necessary, i.e. {@code 01 - 31}
497 *
498 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'e'}
499 * <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits, i.e. {@code 1 - 31}.
500 *
501 * </table>
502 *
503 * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting common
504 * date/time compositions.
505 *
506 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="composites">
507 *
508 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'R'}
509 * <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM"}
510 *
511 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'T'}
512 * <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM:%tS"}.
513 *
514 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'r'}
515 * <td> Time formatted for the 12-hour clock as {@code "%tI:%tM:%tS %Tp"}.
516 * The location of the morning or afternoon marker ({@code '%Tp'}) may be
517 * locale-dependent.
518 *
519 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'D'}
520 * <td> Date formatted as {@code "%tm/%td/%ty"}.
521 *
522 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'F'}
523 * <td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">ISO 8601</a>
524 * complete date formatted as {@code "%tY-%tm-%td"}.
525 *
526 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'c'}
527 * <td> Date and time formatted as {@code "%ta %tb %td %tT %tZ %tY"},
528 * e.g. {@code "Sun Jul 20 16:17:00 EDT 1969"}.
529 *
530 * </table>
531 *
532 * <p> Any characters not explicitly defined as date/time conversion suffixes
533 * are illegal and are reserved for future extensions.
534 *
535 * <h4> Flags </h4>
536 *
537 * <p> The following table summarizes the supported flags. <i>y</i> means the
538 * flag is supported for the indicated argument types.
539 *
540 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="genConv">
541 *
542 * <tr><th valign="bottom"> Flag <th valign="bottom"> General
543 * <th valign="bottom"> Character <th valign="bottom"> Integral
544 * <th valign="bottom"> Floating Point
545 * <th valign="bottom"> Date/Time
546 * <th valign="bottom"> Description
547 *
548 * <tr><td> '-' <td align="center" valign="top"> y
549 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
550 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
551 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
552 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
553 * <td> The result will be left-justified.
554 *
555 * <tr><td> '#' <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>1</sup>
556 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
557 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>3</sup>
558 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
559 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
560 * <td> The result should use a conversion-dependent alternate form
561 *
562 * <tr><td> '+' <td align="center" valign="top"> -
563 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
564 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>4</sup>
565 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
566 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
567 * <td> The result will always include a sign
568 *
569 * <tr><td> ' ' <td align="center" valign="top"> -
570 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
571 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>4</sup>
572 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
573 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
574 * <td> The result will include a leading space for positive values
575 *
576 * <tr><td> '0' <td align="center" valign="top"> -
577 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
578 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
579 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y
580 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
581 * <td> The result will be zero-padded
582 *
583 * <tr><td> ',' <td align="center" valign="top"> -
584 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
585 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>2</sup>
586 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>5</sup>
587 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
588 * <td> The result will include locale-specific {@linkplain
589 * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getGroupingSeparator grouping separators}
590 *
591 * <tr><td> '(' <td align="center" valign="top"> -
592 * <td align="center" valign="top"> -
593 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>4</sup>
594 * <td align="center" valign="top"> y<sup>5</sup>
595 * <td align="center"> -
596 * <td> The result will enclose negative numbers in parentheses
597 *
598 * </table>
599 *
600 * <p> <sup>1</sup> Depends on the definition of {@link Formattable}.
601 *
602 * <p> <sup>2</sup> For {@code 'd'} conversion only.
603 *
604 * <p> <sup>3</sup> For {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, and {@code 'X'}
605 * conversions only.
606 *
607 * <p> <sup>4</sup> For {@code 'd'}, {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, and
608 * {@code 'X'} conversions applied to {@link java.math.BigInteger BigInteger}
609 * or {@code 'd'} applied to {@code byte}, {@link Byte}, {@code short}, {@link
610 * Short}, {@code int} and {@link Integer}, {@code long}, and {@link Long}.
611 *
612 * <p> <sup>5</sup> For {@code 'e'}, {@code 'E'}, {@code 'f'},
613 * {@code 'g'}, and {@code 'G'} conversions only.
614 *
615 * <p> Any characters not explicitly defined as flags are illegal and are
616 * reserved for future extensions.
617 *
618 * <h4> Width </h4>
619 *
620 * <p> The width is the minimum number of characters to be written to the
621 * output. For the line separator conversion, width is not applicable; if it
622 * is provided, an exception will be thrown.
623 *
624 * <h4> Precision </h4>
625 *
626 * <p> For general argument types, the precision is the maximum number of
627 * characters to be written to the output.
628 *
629 * <p> For the floating-point conversions {@code 'e'}, {@code 'E'}, and
630 * {@code 'f'} the precision is the number of digits after the decimal
631 * separator. If the conversion is {@code 'g'} or {@code 'G'}, then the
632 * precision is the total number of digits in the resulting magnitude after
633 * rounding. If the conversion is {@code 'a'} or {@code 'A'}, then the
634 * precision must not be specified.
635 *
636 * <p> For character, integral, and date/time argument types and the percent
637 * and line separator conversions, the precision is not applicable; if a
638 * precision is provided, an exception will be thrown.
639 *
640 * <h4> Argument Index </h4>
641 *
642 * <p> The argument index is a decimal integer indicating the position of the
643 * argument in the argument list. The first argument is referenced by
644 * "{@code 1$}", the second by "{@code 2$}", etc.
645 *
646 * <p> Another way to reference arguments by position is to use the
647 * {@code '<'} (<tt>'\u003c'</tt>) flag, which causes the argument for
648 * the previous format specifier to be re-used. For example, the following two
649 * statements would produce identical strings:
650 *
651 * <blockquote><pre>
652 * Calendar c = ...;
653 * String s1 = String.format("Duke's Birthday: %1$tm %1$te,%1$tY", c);
654 *
655 * String s2 = String.format("Duke's Birthday: %1$tm %<te,%<tY", c);
656 * </pre></blockquote>
657 *
658 * <hr>
659 * <h3><a name="detail">Details</a></h3>
660 *
661 * <p> This section is intended to provide behavioral details for formatting,
662 * including conditions and exceptions, supported data types, localization, and
663 * interactions between flags, conversions, and data types. For an overview of
664 * formatting concepts, refer to the <a href="#summary">Summary</a>
665 *
666 * <p> Any characters not explicitly defined as conversions, date/time
667 * conversion suffixes, or flags are illegal and are reserved for
668 * future extensions. Use of such a character in a format string will
669 * cause an {@link UnknownFormatConversionException} or {@link
670 * UnknownFormatFlagsException} to be thrown.
671 *
672 * <p> If the format specifier contains a width or precision with an invalid
673 * value or which is otherwise unsupported, then a {@link
674 * IllegalFormatWidthException} or {@link IllegalFormatPrecisionException}
675 * respectively will be thrown.
676 *
677 * <p> If a format specifier contains a conversion character that is not
678 * applicable to the corresponding argument, then an {@link
679 * IllegalFormatConversionException} will be thrown.
680 *
681 * <p> All specified exceptions may be thrown by any of the {@code format}
682 * methods of {@code Formatter} as well as by any {@code format} convenience
683 * methods such as {@link String#format(String,Object...) String.format} and
684 * {@link java.io.PrintStream#printf(String,Object...) PrintStream.printf}.
685 *
686 * <p> Conversions denoted by an upper-case character (i.e. {@code 'B'},
687 * {@code 'H'}, {@code 'S'}, {@code 'C'}, {@code 'X'}, {@code 'E'},
688 * {@code 'G'}, {@code 'A'}, and {@code 'T'}) are the same as those for the
689 * corresponding lower-case conversion characters except that the result is
690 * converted to upper case according to the rules of the prevailing {@link
691 * java.util.Locale Locale}. The result is equivalent to the following
692 * invocation of {@link String#toUpperCase()}
693 *
694 * <pre>
695 * out.toUpperCase() </pre>
696 *
697 * <h4><a name="dgen">General</a></h4>
698 *
699 * <p> The following general conversions may be applied to any argument type:
700 *
701 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="dgConv">
702 *
703 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'b'}
704 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0062'</tt>
705 * <td> Produces either "{@code true}" or "{@code false}" as returned by
706 * {@link Boolean#toString(boolean)}.
707 *
708 * <p> If the argument is {@code null}, then the result is
709 * "{@code false}". If the argument is a {@code boolean} or {@link
710 * Boolean}, then the result is the string returned by {@link
711 * String#valueOf(boolean) String.valueOf()}. Otherwise, the result is
712 * "{@code true}".
713 *
714 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
715 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
716 *
717 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'B'}
718 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0042'</tt>
719 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'b'}.
720 *
721 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'h'}
722 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0068'</tt>
723 * <td> Produces a string representing the hash code value of the object.
724 *
725 * <p> If the argument, <i>arg</i> is {@code null}, then the
726 * result is "{@code null}". Otherwise, the result is obtained
727 * by invoking {@code Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode())}.
728 *
729 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
730 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
731 *
732 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'H'}
733 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0048'</tt>
734 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'h'}.
735 *
736 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 's'}
737 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0073'</tt>
738 * <td> Produces a string.
739 *
740 * <p> If the argument is {@code null}, then the result is
741 * "{@code null}". If the argument implements {@link Formattable}, then
742 * its {@link Formattable#formatTo formatTo} method is invoked.
743 * Otherwise, the result is obtained by invoking the argument's
744 * {@code toString()} method.
745 *
746 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given and the argument is not a {@link
747 * Formattable} , then a {@link FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException}
748 * will be thrown.
749 *
750 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'S'}
751 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0053'</tt>
752 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 's'}.
753 *
754 * </table>
755 *
756 * <p> The following <a name="dFlags">flags</a> apply to general conversions:
757 *
758 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="dFlags">
759 *
760 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '-'}
761 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u002d'</tt>
762 * <td> Left justifies the output. Spaces (<tt>'\u0020'</tt>) will be
763 * added at the end of the converted value as required to fill the minimum
764 * width of the field. If the width is not provided, then a {@link
765 * MissingFormatWidthException} will be thrown. If this flag is not given
766 * then the output will be right-justified.
767 *
768 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '#'}
769 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0023'</tt>
770 * <td> Requires the output use an alternate form. The definition of the
771 * form is specified by the conversion.
772 *
773 * </table>
774 *
775 * <p> The <a name="genWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters to
776 * be written to the
777 * output. If the length of the converted value is less than the width then
778 * the output will be padded by <tt>' '</tt> (<tt>'\u0020'</tt>)
779 * until the total number of characters equals the width. The padding is on
780 * the left by default. If the {@code '-'} flag is given, then the padding
781 * will be on the right. If the width is not specified then there is no
782 * minimum.
783 *
784 * <p> The precision is the maximum number of characters to be written to the
785 * output. The precision is applied before the width, thus the output will be
786 * truncated to {@code precision} characters even if the width is greater than
787 * the precision. If the precision is not specified then there is no explicit
788 * limit on the number of characters.
789 *
790 * <h4><a name="dchar">Character</a></h4>
791 *
792 * This conversion may be applied to {@code char} and {@link Character}. It
793 * may also be applied to the types {@code byte}, {@link Byte},
794 * {@code short}, and {@link Short}, {@code int} and {@link Integer} when
795 * {@link Character#isValidCodePoint} returns {@code true}. If it returns
796 * {@code false} then an {@link IllegalFormatCodePointException} will be
797 * thrown.
798 *
799 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="charConv">
800 *
801 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'c'}
802 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0063'</tt>
803 * <td> Formats the argument as a Unicode character as described in <a
804 * href="../lang/Character.html#unicode">Unicode Character
805 * Representation</a>. This may be more than one 16-bit {@code char} in
806 * the case where the argument represents a supplementary character.
807 *
808 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
809 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
810 *
811 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'C'}
812 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0043'</tt>
813 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'c'}.
814 *
815 * </table>
816 *
817 * <p> The {@code '-'} flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
818 * conversions</a> applies. If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
819 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
820 *
821 * <p> The width is defined as for <a href="#genWidth">General conversions</a>.
822 *
823 * <p> The precision is not applicable. If the precision is specified then an
824 * {@link IllegalFormatPrecisionException} will be thrown.
825 *
826 * <h4><a name="dnum">Numeric</a></h4>
827 *
828 * <p> Numeric conversions are divided into the following categories:
829 *
830 * <ol>
831 *
832 * <li> <a href="#dnint"><b>Byte, Short, Integer, and Long</b></a>
833 *
834 * <li> <a href="#dnbint"><b>BigInteger</b></a>
835 *
836 * <li> <a href="#dndec"><b>Float and Double</b></a>
837 *
838 * <li> <a href="#dnbdec"><b>BigDecimal</b></a>
839 *
840 * </ol>
841 *
842 * <p> Numeric types will be formatted according to the following algorithm:
843 *
844 * <p><b><a name="l10n algorithm"> Number Localization Algorithm</a></b>
845 *
846 * <p> After digits are obtained for the integer part, fractional part, and
847 * exponent (as appropriate for the data type), the following transformation
848 * is applied:
849 *
850 * <ol>
851 *
852 * <li> Each digit character <i>d</i> in the string is replaced by a
853 * locale-specific digit computed relative to the current locale's
854 * {@linkplain java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getZeroDigit() zero digit}
855 * <i>z</i>; that is <i>d - </i> {@code '0'}
856 * <i> + z</i>.
857 *
858 * <li> If a decimal separator is present, a locale-specific {@linkplain
859 * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getDecimalSeparator decimal separator} is
860 * substituted.
861 *
862 * <li> If the {@code ','} (<tt>'\u002c'</tt>)
863 * <a name="l10n group">flag</a> is given, then the locale-specific {@linkplain
864 * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getGroupingSeparator grouping separator} is
865 * inserted by scanning the integer part of the string from least significant
866 * to most significant digits and inserting a separator at intervals defined by
867 * the locale's {@linkplain java.text.DecimalFormat#getGroupingSize() grouping
868 * size}.
869 *
870 * <li> If the {@code '0'} flag is given, then the locale-specific {@linkplain
871 * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getZeroDigit() zero digits} are inserted
872 * after the sign character, if any, and before the first non-zero digit, until
873 * the length of the string is equal to the requested field width.
874 *
875 * <li> If the value is negative and the {@code '('} flag is given, then a
876 * {@code '('} (<tt>'\u0028'</tt>) is prepended and a {@code ')'}
877 * (<tt>'\u0029'</tt>) is appended.
878 *
879 * <li> If the value is negative (or floating-point negative zero) and
880 * {@code '('} flag is not given, then a {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002d'</tt>)
881 * is prepended.
882 *
883 * <li> If the {@code '+'} flag is given and the value is positive or zero (or
884 * floating-point positive zero), then a {@code '+'} (<tt>'\u002b'</tt>)
885 * will be prepended.
886 *
887 * </ol>
888 *
889 * <p> If the value is NaN or positive infinity the literal strings "NaN" or
890 * "Infinity" respectively, will be output. If the value is negative infinity,
891 * then the output will be "(Infinity)" if the {@code '('} flag is given
892 * otherwise the output will be "-Infinity". These values are not localized.
893 *
894 * <p><a name="dnint"><b> Byte, Short, Integer, and Long </b></a>
895 *
896 * <p> The following conversions may be applied to {@code byte}, {@link Byte},
897 * {@code short}, {@link Short}, {@code int} and {@link Integer},
898 * {@code long}, and {@link Long}.
899 *
900 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="IntConv">
901 *
902 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'd'}
903 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0054'</tt>
904 * <td> Formats the argument as a decimal integer. The <a
905 * href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is applied.
906 *
907 * <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given and the value is negative, then
908 * the zero padding will occur after the sign.
909 *
910 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then a {@link
911 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
912 *
913 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'o'}
914 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u006f'</tt>
915 * <td> Formats the argument as an integer in base eight. No localization
916 * is applied.
917 *
918 * <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be an unsigned value
919 * generated by adding 2<sup>n</sup> to the value where {@code n} is the
920 * number of bits in the type as returned by the static {@code SIZE} field
921 * in the {@linkplain Byte#SIZE Byte}, {@linkplain Short#SIZE Short},
922 * {@linkplain Integer#SIZE Integer}, or {@linkplain Long#SIZE Long}
923 * classes as appropriate.
924 *
925 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
926 * with the radix indicator {@code '0'}.
927 *
928 * <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded
929 * with leading zeros to the field width following any indication of sign.
930 *
931 * <p> If {@code '('}, {@code '+'}, ' ', or {@code ','} flags
932 * are given then a {@link FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be
933 * thrown.
934 *
935 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'x'}
936 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0078'</tt>
937 * <td> Formats the argument as an integer in base sixteen. No
938 * localization is applied.
939 *
940 * <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be an unsigned value
941 * generated by adding 2<sup>n</sup> to the value where {@code n} is the
942 * number of bits in the type as returned by the static {@code SIZE} field
943 * in the {@linkplain Byte#SIZE Byte}, {@linkplain Short#SIZE Short},
944 * {@linkplain Integer#SIZE Integer}, or {@linkplain Long#SIZE Long}
945 * classes as appropriate.
946 *
947 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
948 * with the radix indicator {@code "0x"}.
949 *
950 * <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded to
951 * the field width with leading zeros after the radix indicator or sign (if
952 * present).
953 *
954 * <p> If {@code '('}, <tt>' '</tt>, {@code '+'}, or
955 * {@code ','} flags are given then a {@link
956 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
957 *
958 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'X'}
959 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0058'</tt>
960 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'x'}. The entire string
961 * representing the number will be converted to {@linkplain
962 * String#toUpperCase upper case} including the {@code 'x'} (if any) and
963 * all hexadecimal digits {@code 'a'} - {@code 'f'}
964 * (<tt>'\u0061'</tt> - <tt>'\u0066'</tt>).
965 *
966 * </table>
967 *
968 * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, or {@code 'X'} and
969 * both the {@code '#'} and the {@code '0'} flags are given, then result will
970 * contain the radix indicator ({@code '0'} for octal and {@code "0x"} or
971 * {@code "0X"} for hexadecimal), some number of zeros (based on the width),
972 * and the value.
973 *
974 * <p> If the {@code '-'} flag is not given, then the space padding will occur
975 * before the sign.
976 *
977 * <p> The following <a name="intFlags">flags</a> apply to numeric integral
978 * conversions:
979 *
980 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="intFlags">
981 *
982 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '+'}
983 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u002b'</tt>
984 * <td> Requires the output to include a positive sign for all positive
985 * numbers. If this flag is not given then only negative values will
986 * include a sign.
987 *
988 * <p> If both the {@code '+'} and <tt>' '</tt> flags are given
989 * then an {@link IllegalFormatFlagsException} will be thrown.
990 *
991 * <tr><td valign="top"> <tt>' '</tt>
992 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0020'</tt>
993 * <td> Requires the output to include a single extra space
994 * (<tt>'\u0020'</tt>) for non-negative values.
995 *
996 * <p> If both the {@code '+'} and <tt>' '</tt> flags are given
997 * then an {@link IllegalFormatFlagsException} will be thrown.
998 *
999 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '0'}
1000 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0030'</tt>
1001 * <td> Requires the output to be padded with leading {@linkplain
1002 * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getZeroDigit zeros} to the minimum field
1003 * width following any sign or radix indicator except when converting NaN
1004 * or infinity. If the width is not provided, then a {@link
1005 * MissingFormatWidthException} will be thrown.
1006 *
1007 * <p> If both the {@code '-'} and {@code '0'} flags are given then an
1008 * {@link IllegalFormatFlagsException} will be thrown.
1009 *
1010 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code ','}
1011 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u002c'</tt>
1012 * <td> Requires the output to include the locale-specific {@linkplain
1013 * java.text.DecimalFormatSymbols#getGroupingSeparator group separators} as
1014 * described in the <a href="#l10n group">"group" section</a> of the
1015 * localization algorithm.
1016 *
1017 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code '('}
1018 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0028'</tt>
1019 * <td> Requires the output to prepend a {@code '('}
1020 * (<tt>'\u0028'</tt>) and append a {@code ')'}
1021 * (<tt>'\u0029'</tt>) to negative values.
1022 *
1023 * </table>
1024 *
1025 * <p> If no <a name="intdFlags">flags</a> are given the default formatting is
1026 * as follows:
1027 *
1028 * <ul>
1029 *
1030 * <li> The output is right-justified within the {@code width}
1031 *
1032 * <li> Negative numbers begin with a {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002d'</tt>)
1033 *
1034 * <li> Positive numbers and zero do not include a sign or extra leading
1035 * space
1036 *
1037 * <li> No grouping separators are included
1038 *
1039 * </ul>
1040 *
1041 * <p> The <a name="intWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters to
1042 * be written to the output. This includes any signs, digits, grouping
1043 * separators, radix indicator, and parentheses. If the length of the
1044 * converted value is less than the width then the output will be padded by
1045 * spaces (<tt>'\u0020'</tt>) until the total number of characters equals
1046 * width. The padding is on the left by default. If {@code '-'} flag is
1047 * given then the padding will be on the right. If width is not specified then
1048 * there is no minimum.
1049 *
1050 * <p> The precision is not applicable. If precision is specified then an
1051 * {@link IllegalFormatPrecisionException} will be thrown.
1052 *
1053 * <p><a name="dnbint"><b> BigInteger </b></a>
1054 *
1055 * <p> The following conversions may be applied to {@link
1056 * java.math.BigInteger}.
1057 *
1058 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="BIntConv">
1059 *
1060 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'd'}
1061 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0054'</tt>
1062 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted as a decimal integer. The <a
1063 * href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is applied.
1064 *
1065 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given {@link
1066 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1067 *
1068 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'o'}
1069 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u006f'</tt>
1070 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted as an integer in base eight.
1071 * No localization is applied.
1072 *
1073 * <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be a signed value
1074 * beginning with {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002d'</tt>). Signed output is
1075 * allowed for this type because unlike the primitive types it is not
1076 * possible to create an unsigned equivalent without assuming an explicit
1077 * data-type size.
1078 *
1079 * <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or zero and the {@code '+'} flag is given
1080 * then the result will begin with {@code '+'} (<tt>'\u002b'</tt>).
1081 *
1082 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
1083 * with {@code '0'} prefix.
1084 *
1085 * <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded
1086 * with leading zeros to the field width following any indication of sign.
1087 *
1088 * <p> If the {@code ','} flag is given then a {@link
1089 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1090 *
1091 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'x'}
1092 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0078'</tt>
1093 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted as an integer in base
1094 * sixteen. No localization is applied.
1095 *
1096 * <p> If <i>x</i> is negative then the result will be a signed value
1097 * beginning with {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002d'</tt>). Signed output is
1098 * allowed for this type because unlike the primitive types it is not
1099 * possible to create an unsigned equivalent without assuming an explicit
1100 * data-type size.
1101 *
1102 * <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or zero and the {@code '+'} flag is given
1103 * then the result will begin with {@code '+'} (<tt>'\u002b'</tt>).
1104 *
1105 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then the output will always begin
1106 * with the radix indicator {@code "0x"}.
1107 *
1108 * <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given then the output will be padded to
1109 * the field width with leading zeros after the radix indicator or sign (if
1110 * present).
1111 *
1112 * <p> If the {@code ','} flag is given then a {@link
1113 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1114 *
1115 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'X'}
1116 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0058'</tt>
1117 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'x'}. The entire string
1118 * representing the number will be converted to {@linkplain
1119 * String#toUpperCase upper case} including the {@code 'x'} (if any) and
1120 * all hexadecimal digits {@code 'a'} - {@code 'f'}
1121 * (<tt>'\u0061'</tt> - <tt>'\u0066'</tt>).
1122 *
1123 * </table>
1124 *
1125 * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'o'}, {@code 'x'}, or {@code 'X'} and
1126 * both the {@code '#'} and the {@code '0'} flags are given, then result will
1127 * contain the base indicator ({@code '0'} for octal and {@code "0x"} or
1128 * {@code "0X"} for hexadecimal), some number of zeros (based on the width),
1129 * and the value.
1130 *
1131 * <p> If the {@code '0'} flag is given and the value is negative, then the
1132 * zero padding will occur after the sign.
1133 *
1134 * <p> If the {@code '-'} flag is not given, then the space padding will occur
1135 * before the sign.
1136 *
1137 * <p> All <a href="#intFlags">flags</a> defined for Byte, Short, Integer, and
1138 * Long apply. The <a href="#intdFlags">default behavior</a> when no flags are
1139 * given is the same as for Byte, Short, Integer, and Long.
1140 *
1141 * <p> The specification of <a href="#intWidth">width</a> is the same as
1142 * defined for Byte, Short, Integer, and Long.
1143 *
1144 * <p> The precision is not applicable. If precision is specified then an
1145 * {@link IllegalFormatPrecisionException} will be thrown.
1146 *
1147 * <p><a name="dndec"><b> Float and Double</b></a>
1148 *
1149 * <p> The following conversions may be applied to {@code float}, {@link
1150 * Float}, {@code double} and {@link Double}.
1151 *
1152 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="floatConv">
1153 *
1154 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'e'}
1155 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0065'</tt>
1156 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a
1157 * name="scientific">computerized scientific notation</a>. The <a
1158 * href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is applied.
1159 *
1160 * <p> The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its value.
1161 *
1162 * <p> If <i>m</i> is NaN or infinite, the literal strings "NaN" or
1163 * "Infinity", respectively, will be output. These values are not
1164 * localized.
1165 *
1166 * <p> If <i>m</i> is positive-zero or negative-zero, then the exponent
1167 * will be {@code "+00"}.
1168 *
1169 * <p> Otherwise, the result is a string that represents the sign and
1170 * magnitude (absolute value) of the argument. The formatting of the sign
1171 * is described in the <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
1172 * algorithm</a>. The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its
1173 * value.
1174 *
1175 * <p> Let <i>n</i> be the unique integer such that 10<sup><i>n</i></sup>
1176 * <= <i>m</i> < 10<sup><i>n</i>+1</sup>; then let <i>a</i> be the
1177 * mathematically exact quotient of <i>m</i> and 10<sup><i>n</i></sup> so
1178 * that 1 <= <i>a</i> < 10. The magnitude is then represented as the
1179 * integer part of <i>a</i>, as a single decimal digit, followed by the
1180 * decimal separator followed by decimal digits representing the fractional
1181 * part of <i>a</i>, followed by the exponent symbol {@code 'e'}
1182 * (<tt>'\u0065'</tt>), followed by the sign of the exponent, followed
1183 * by a representation of <i>n</i> as a decimal integer, as produced by the
1184 * method {@link Long#toString(long, int)}, and zero-padded to include at
1185 * least two digits.
1186 *
1187 * <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
1188 * <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision. If the precision is not
1189 * specified then the default value is {@code 6}. If the precision is less
1190 * than the number of digits which would appear after the decimal point in
1191 * the string returned by {@link Float#toString(float)} or {@link
1192 * Double#toString(double)} respectively, then the value will be rounded
1193 * using the {@linkplain java.math.BigDecimal#ROUND_HALF_UP round half up
1194 * algorithm}. Otherwise, zeros may be appended to reach the precision.
1195 * For a canonical representation of the value, use {@link
1196 * Float#toString(float)} or {@link Double#toString(double)} as
1197 * appropriate.
1198 *
1199 * <p>If the {@code ','} flag is given, then an {@link
1200 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1201 *
1202 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'E'}
1203 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0045'</tt>
1204 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'e'}. The exponent symbol
1205 * will be {@code 'E'} (<tt>'\u0045'</tt>).
1206 *
1207 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'g'}
1208 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0067'</tt>
1209 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted in general scientific notation
1210 * as described below. The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
1211 * algorithm</a> is applied.
1212 *
1213 * <p> After rounding for the precision, the formatting of the resulting
1214 * magnitude <i>m</i> depends on its value.
1215 *
1216 * <p> If <i>m</i> is greater than or equal to 10<sup>-4</sup> but less
1217 * than 10<sup>precision</sup> then it is represented in <i><a
1218 * href="#decimal">decimal format</a></i>.
1219 *
1220 * <p> If <i>m</i> is less than 10<sup>-4</sup> or greater than or equal to
1221 * 10<sup>precision</sup>, then it is represented in <i><a
1222 * href="#scientific">computerized scientific notation</a></i>.
1223 *
1224 * <p> The total number of significant digits in <i>m</i> is equal to the
1225 * precision. If the precision is not specified, then the default value is
1226 * {@code 6}. If the precision is {@code 0}, then it is taken to be
1227 * {@code 1}.
1228 *
1229 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then an {@link
1230 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1231 *
1232 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'G'}
1233 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0047'</tt>
1234 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'g'}.
1235 *
1236 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'f'}
1237 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0066'</tt>
1238 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a name="decimal">decimal
1239 * format</a>. The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is
1240 * applied.
1241 *
1242 * <p> The result is a string that represents the sign and magnitude
1243 * (absolute value) of the argument. The formatting of the sign is
1244 * described in the <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
1245 * algorithm</a>. The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its
1246 * value.
1247 *
1248 * <p> If <i>m</i> NaN or infinite, the literal strings "NaN" or
1249 * "Infinity", respectively, will be output. These values are not
1250 * localized.
1251 *
1252 * <p> The magnitude is formatted as the integer part of <i>m</i>, with no
1253 * leading zeroes, followed by the decimal separator followed by one or
1254 * more decimal digits representing the fractional part of <i>m</i>.
1255 *
1256 * <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
1257 * <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision. If the precision is not
1258 * specified then the default value is {@code 6}. If the precision is less
1259 * than the number of digits which would appear after the decimal point in
1260 * the string returned by {@link Float#toString(float)} or {@link
1261 * Double#toString(double)} respectively, then the value will be rounded
1262 * using the {@linkplain java.math.BigDecimal#ROUND_HALF_UP round half up
1263 * algorithm}. Otherwise, zeros may be appended to reach the precision.
1264 * For a canonical representation of the value, use {@link
1265 * Float#toString(float)} or {@link Double#toString(double)} as
1266 * appropriate.
1267 *
1268 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'a'}
1269 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0061'</tt>
1270 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted in hexadecimal exponential
1271 * form. No localization is applied.
1272 *
1273 * <p> The result is a string that represents the sign and magnitude
1274 * (absolute value) of the argument <i>x</i>.
1275 *
1276 * <p> If <i>x</i> is negative or a negative-zero value then the result
1277 * will begin with {@code '-'} (<tt>'\u002d'</tt>).
1278 *
1279 * <p> If <i>x</i> is positive or a positive-zero value and the
1280 * {@code '+'} flag is given then the result will begin with {@code '+'}
1281 * (<tt>'\u002b'</tt>).
1282 *
1283 * <p> The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its value.
1284 *
1285 * <ul>
1286 *
1287 * <li> If the value is NaN or infinite, the literal strings "NaN" or
1288 * "Infinity", respectively, will be output.
1289 *
1290 * <li> If <i>m</i> is zero then it is represented by the string
1291 * {@code "0x0.0p0"}.
1292 *
1293 * <li> If <i>m</i> is a {@code double} value with a normalized
1294 * representation then substrings are used to represent the significand and
1295 * exponent fields. The significand is represented by the characters
1296 * {@code "0x1."} followed by the hexadecimal representation of the rest
1297 * of the significand as a fraction. The exponent is represented by
1298 * {@code 'p'} (<tt>'\u0070'</tt>) followed by a decimal string of the
1299 * unbiased exponent as if produced by invoking {@link
1300 * Integer#toString(int) Integer.toString} on the exponent value.
1301 *
1302 * <li> If <i>m</i> is a {@code double} value with a subnormal
1303 * representation then the significand is represented by the characters
1304 * {@code '0x0.'} followed by the hexadecimal representation of the rest
1305 * of the significand as a fraction. The exponent is represented by
1306 * {@code 'p-1022'}. Note that there must be at least one nonzero digit
1307 * in a subnormal significand.
1308 *
1309 * </ul>
1310 *
1311 * <p> If the {@code '('} or {@code ','} flags are given, then a {@link
1312 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1313 *
1314 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'A'}
1315 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0041'</tt>
1316 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'a'}. The entire string
1317 * representing the number will be converted to upper case including the
1318 * {@code 'x'} (<tt>'\u0078'</tt>) and {@code 'p'}
1319 * (<tt>'\u0070'</tt> and all hexadecimal digits {@code 'a'} -
1320 * {@code 'f'} (<tt>'\u0061'</tt> - <tt>'\u0066'</tt>).
1321 *
1322 * </table>
1323 *
1324 * <p> All <a href="#intFlags">flags</a> defined for Byte, Short, Integer, and
1325 * Long apply.
1326 *
1327 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then the decimal separator will
1328 * always be present.
1329 *
1330 * <p> If no <a name="floatdFlags">flags</a> are given the default formatting
1331 * is as follows:
1332 *
1333 * <ul>
1334 *
1335 * <li> The output is right-justified within the {@code width}
1336 *
1337 * <li> Negative numbers begin with a {@code '-'}
1338 *
1339 * <li> Positive numbers and positive zero do not include a sign or extra
1340 * leading space
1341 *
1342 * <li> No grouping separators are included
1343 *
1344 * <li> The decimal separator will only appear if a digit follows it
1345 *
1346 * </ul>
1347 *
1348 * <p> The <a name="floatDWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters
1349 * to be written to the output. This includes any signs, digits, grouping
1350 * separators, decimal separators, exponential symbol, radix indicator,
1351 * parentheses, and strings representing infinity and NaN as applicable. If
1352 * the length of the converted value is less than the width then the output
1353 * will be padded by spaces (<tt>'\u0020'</tt>) until the total number of
1354 * characters equals width. The padding is on the left by default. If the
1355 * {@code '-'} flag is given then the padding will be on the right. If width
1356 * is not specified then there is no minimum.
1357 *
1358 * <p> If the <a name="floatDPrec">conversion</a> is {@code 'e'},
1359 * {@code 'E'} or {@code 'f'}, then the precision is the number of digits
1360 * after the decimal separator. If the precision is not specified, then it is
1361 * assumed to be {@code 6}.
1362 *
1363 * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'g'} or {@code 'G'}, then the precision is
1364 * the total number of significant digits in the resulting magnitude after
1365 * rounding. If the precision is not specified, then the default value is
1366 * {@code 6}. If the precision is {@code 0}, then it is taken to be
1367 * {@code 1}.
1368 *
1369 * <p> If the conversion is {@code 'a'} or {@code 'A'}, then the precision
1370 * is the number of hexadecimal digits after the decimal separator. If the
1371 * precision is not provided, then all of the digits as returned by {@link
1372 * Double#toHexString(double)} will be output.
1373 *
1374 * <p><a name="dnbdec"><b> BigDecimal </b></a>
1375 *
1376 * <p> The following conversions may be applied {@link java.math.BigDecimal
1377 * BigDecimal}.
1378 *
1379 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="floatConv">
1380 *
1381 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'e'}
1382 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0065'</tt>
1383 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a
1384 * name="bscientific">computerized scientific notation</a>. The <a
1385 * href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is applied.
1386 *
1387 * <p> The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its value.
1388 *
1389 * <p> If <i>m</i> is positive-zero or negative-zero, then the exponent
1390 * will be {@code "+00"}.
1391 *
1392 * <p> Otherwise, the result is a string that represents the sign and
1393 * magnitude (absolute value) of the argument. The formatting of the sign
1394 * is described in the <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
1395 * algorithm</a>. The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its
1396 * value.
1397 *
1398 * <p> Let <i>n</i> be the unique integer such that 10<sup><i>n</i></sup>
1399 * <= <i>m</i> < 10<sup><i>n</i>+1</sup>; then let <i>a</i> be the
1400 * mathematically exact quotient of <i>m</i> and 10<sup><i>n</i></sup> so
1401 * that 1 <= <i>a</i> < 10. The magnitude is then represented as the
1402 * integer part of <i>a</i>, as a single decimal digit, followed by the
1403 * decimal separator followed by decimal digits representing the fractional
1404 * part of <i>a</i>, followed by the exponent symbol {@code 'e'}
1405 * (<tt>'\u0065'</tt>), followed by the sign of the exponent, followed
1406 * by a representation of <i>n</i> as a decimal integer, as produced by the
1407 * method {@link Long#toString(long, int)}, and zero-padded to include at
1408 * least two digits.
1409 *
1410 * <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
1411 * <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision. If the precision is not
1412 * specified then the default value is {@code 6}. If the precision is
1413 * less than the number of digits to the right of the decimal point then
1414 * the value will be rounded using the
1415 * {@linkplain java.math.BigDecimal#ROUND_HALF_UP round half up
1416 * algorithm}. Otherwise, zeros may be appended to reach the precision.
1417 * For a canonical representation of the value, use {@link
1418 * BigDecimal#toString()}.
1419 *
1420 * <p> If the {@code ','} flag is given, then an {@link
1421 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1422 *
1423 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'E'}
1424 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0045'</tt>
1425 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'e'}. The exponent symbol
1426 * will be {@code 'E'} (<tt>'\u0045'</tt>).
1427 *
1428 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'g'}
1429 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0067'</tt>
1430 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted in general scientific notation
1431 * as described below. The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
1432 * algorithm</a> is applied.
1433 *
1434 * <p> After rounding for the precision, the formatting of the resulting
1435 * magnitude <i>m</i> depends on its value.
1436 *
1437 * <p> If <i>m</i> is greater than or equal to 10<sup>-4</sup> but less
1438 * than 10<sup>precision</sup> then it is represented in <i><a
1439 * href="#bdecimal">decimal format</a></i>.
1440 *
1441 * <p> If <i>m</i> is less than 10<sup>-4</sup> or greater than or equal to
1442 * 10<sup>precision</sup>, then it is represented in <i><a
1443 * href="#bscientific">computerized scientific notation</a></i>.
1444 *
1445 * <p> The total number of significant digits in <i>m</i> is equal to the
1446 * precision. If the precision is not specified, then the default value is
1447 * {@code 6}. If the precision is {@code 0}, then it is taken to be
1448 * {@code 1}.
1449 *
1450 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given then an {@link
1451 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1452 *
1453 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'G'}
1454 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0047'</tt>
1455 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 'g'}.
1456 *
1457 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'f'}
1458 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0066'</tt>
1459 * <td> Requires the output to be formatted using <a name="bdecimal">decimal
1460 * format</a>. The <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization algorithm</a> is
1461 * applied.
1462 *
1463 * <p> The result is a string that represents the sign and magnitude
1464 * (absolute value) of the argument. The formatting of the sign is
1465 * described in the <a href="#l10n algorithm">localization
1466 * algorithm</a>. The formatting of the magnitude <i>m</i> depends upon its
1467 * value.
1468 *
1469 * <p> The magnitude is formatted as the integer part of <i>m</i>, with no
1470 * leading zeroes, followed by the decimal separator followed by one or
1471 * more decimal digits representing the fractional part of <i>m</i>.
1472 *
1473 * <p> The number of digits in the result for the fractional part of
1474 * <i>m</i> or <i>a</i> is equal to the precision. If the precision is not
1475 * specified then the default value is {@code 6}. If the precision is
1476 * less than the number of digits to the right of the decimal point
1477 * then the value will be rounded using the
1478 * {@linkplain java.math.BigDecimal#ROUND_HALF_UP round half up
1479 * algorithm}. Otherwise, zeros may be appended to reach the precision.
1480 * For a canonical representation of the value, use {@link
1481 * BigDecimal#toString()}.
1482 *
1483 * </table>
1484 *
1485 * <p> All <a href="#intFlags">flags</a> defined for Byte, Short, Integer, and
1486 * Long apply.
1487 *
1488 * <p> If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then the decimal separator will
1489 * always be present.
1490 *
1491 * <p> The <a href="#floatdFlags">default behavior</a> when no flags are
1492 * given is the same as for Float and Double.
1493 *
1494 * <p> The specification of <a href="#floatDWidth">width</a> and <a
1495 * href="#floatDPrec">precision</a> is the same as defined for Float and
1496 * Double.
1497 *
1498 * <h4><a name="ddt">Date/Time</a></h4>
1499 *
1500 * <p> This conversion may be applied to {@code long}, {@link Long}, {@link
1501 * Calendar}, {@link Date} and {@link TemporalAccessor TemporalAccessor}
1502 *
1503 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="DTConv">
1504 *
1505 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 't'}
1506 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0074'</tt>
1507 * <td> Prefix for date and time conversion characters.
1508 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'T'}
1509 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0054'</tt>
1510 * <td> The upper-case variant of {@code 't'}.
1511 *
1512 * </table>
1513 *
1514 * <p> The following date and time conversion character suffixes are defined
1515 * for the {@code 't'} and {@code 'T'} conversions. The types are similar to
1516 * but not completely identical to those defined by GNU {@code date} and
1517 * POSIX {@code strftime(3c)}. Additional conversion types are provided to
1518 * access Java-specific functionality (e.g. {@code 'L'} for milliseconds
1519 * within the second).
1520 *
1521 * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting times:
1522 *
1523 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="time">
1524 *
1525 * <tr><td valign="top"> {@code 'H'}
1526 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0048'</tt>
1527 * <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, formatted as two digits with
1528 * a leading zero as necessary i.e. {@code 00 - 23}. {@code 00}
1529 * corresponds to midnight.
1530 *
1531 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'I'}
1532 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0049'</tt>
1533 * <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, formatted as two digits with a leading
1534 * zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 01 - 12}. {@code 01} corresponds to
1535 * one o'clock (either morning or afternoon).
1536 *
1537 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'k'}
1538 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u006b'</tt>
1539 * <td> Hour of the day for the 24-hour clock, i.e. {@code 0 - 23}.
1540 * {@code 0} corresponds to midnight.
1541 *
1542 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'l'}
1543 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u006c'</tt>
1544 * <td> Hour for the 12-hour clock, i.e. {@code 1 - 12}. {@code 1}
1545 * corresponds to one o'clock (either morning or afternoon).
1546 *
1547 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'M'}
1548 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u004d'</tt>
1549 * <td> Minute within the hour formatted as two digits with a leading zero
1550 * as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 59}.
1551 *
1552 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'S'}
1553 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0053'</tt>
1554 * <td> Seconds within the minute, formatted as two digits with a leading
1555 * zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 60} ("{@code 60}" is a special
1556 * value required to support leap seconds).
1557 *
1558 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'L'}
1559 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u004c'</tt>
1560 * <td> Millisecond within the second formatted as three digits with
1561 * leading zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000 - 999}.
1562 *
1563 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'N'}
1564 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u004e'</tt>
1565 * <td> Nanosecond within the second, formatted as nine digits with leading
1566 * zeros as necessary, i.e. {@code 000000000 - 999999999}. The precision
1567 * of this value is limited by the resolution of the underlying operating
1568 * system or hardware.
1569 *
1570 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'p'}
1571 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0070'</tt>
1572 * <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
1573 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getAmPmStrings morning or afternoon} marker
1574 * in lower case, e.g."{@code am}" or "{@code pm}". Use of the
1575 * conversion prefix {@code 'T'} forces this output to upper case. (Note
1576 * that {@code 'p'} produces lower-case output. This is different from
1577 * GNU {@code date} and POSIX {@code strftime(3c)} which produce
1578 * upper-case output.)
1579 *
1580 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'z'}
1581 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u007a'</tt>
1582 * <td> <a href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc0822.txt">RFC 822</a>
1583 * style numeric time zone offset from GMT, e.g. {@code -0800}. This
1584 * value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time. For
1585 * {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
1586 * the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
1587 * instance of the Java virtual machine.
1588 *
1589 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Z'}
1590 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u005a'</tt>
1591 * <td> A string representing the abbreviation for the time zone. This
1592 * value will be adjusted as necessary for Daylight Saving Time. For
1593 * {@code long}, {@link Long}, and {@link Date} the time zone used is
1594 * the {@linkplain TimeZone#getDefault() default time zone} for this
1595 * instance of the Java virtual machine. The Formatter's locale will
1596 * supersede the locale of the argument (if any).
1597 *
1598 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 's'}
1599 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0073'</tt>
1600 * <td> Seconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January 1970
1601 * {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE/1000} to
1602 * {@code Long.MAX_VALUE/1000}.
1603 *
1604 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Q'}
1605 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u004f'</tt>
1606 * <td> Milliseconds since the beginning of the epoch starting at 1 January
1607 * 1970 {@code 00:00:00} UTC, i.e. {@code Long.MIN_VALUE} to
1608 * {@code Long.MAX_VALUE}. The precision of this value is limited by
1609 * the resolution of the underlying operating system or hardware.
1610 *
1611 * </table>
1612 *
1613 * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting dates:
1614 *
1615 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="date">
1616 *
1617 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'B'}
1618 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0042'</tt>
1619 * <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getMonths
1620 * full month name}, e.g. {@code "January"}, {@code "February"}.
1621 *
1622 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'b'}
1623 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0062'</tt>
1624 * <td> Locale-specific {@linkplain
1625 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortMonths abbreviated month name},
1626 * e.g. {@code "Jan"}, {@code "Feb"}.
1627 *
1628 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'h'}
1629 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0068'</tt>
1630 * <td> Same as {@code 'b'}.
1631 *
1632 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'A'}
1633 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0041'</tt>
1634 * <td> Locale-specific full name of the {@linkplain
1635 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getWeekdays day of the week},
1636 * e.g. {@code "Sunday"}, {@code "Monday"}
1637 *
1638 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'a'}
1639 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0061'</tt>
1640 * <td> Locale-specific short name of the {@linkplain
1641 * java.text.DateFormatSymbols#getShortWeekdays day of the week},
1642 * e.g. {@code "Sun"}, {@code "Mon"}
1643 *
1644 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'C'}
1645 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0043'</tt>
1646 * <td> Four-digit year divided by {@code 100}, formatted as two digits
1647 * with leading zero as necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}
1648 *
1649 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'Y'}
1650 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0059'</tt> <td> Year, formatted to at least
1651 * four digits with leading zeros as necessary, e.g. {@code 0092} equals
1652 * {@code 92} CE for the Gregorian calendar.
1653 *
1654 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'y'}
1655 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0079'</tt>
1656 * <td> Last two digits of the year, formatted with leading zeros as
1657 * necessary, i.e. {@code 00 - 99}.
1658 *
1659 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'j'}
1660 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u006a'</tt>
1661 * <td> Day of year, formatted as three digits with leading zeros as
1662 * necessary, e.g. {@code 001 - 366} for the Gregorian calendar.
1663 * {@code 001} corresponds to the first day of the year.
1664 *
1665 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'm'}
1666 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u006d'</tt>
1667 * <td> Month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as necessary,
1668 * i.e. {@code 01 - 13}, where "{@code 01}" is the first month of the
1669 * year and ("{@code 13}" is a special value required to support lunar
1670 * calendars).
1671 *
1672 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'd'}
1673 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0064'</tt>
1674 * <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits with leading zeros as
1675 * necessary, i.e. {@code 01 - 31}, where "{@code 01}" is the first day
1676 * of the month.
1677 *
1678 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'e'}
1679 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0065'</tt>
1680 * <td> Day of month, formatted as two digits, i.e. {@code 1 - 31} where
1681 * "{@code 1}" is the first day of the month.
1682 *
1683 * </table>
1684 *
1685 * <p> The following conversion characters are used for formatting common
1686 * date/time compositions.
1687 *
1688 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="composites">
1689 *
1690 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'R'}
1691 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0052'</tt>
1692 * <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM"}
1693 *
1694 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'T'}
1695 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0054'</tt>
1696 * <td> Time formatted for the 24-hour clock as {@code "%tH:%tM:%tS"}.
1697 *
1698 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'r'}
1699 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0072'</tt>
1700 * <td> Time formatted for the 12-hour clock as {@code "%tI:%tM:%tS
1701 * %Tp"}. The location of the morning or afternoon marker
1702 * ({@code '%Tp'}) may be locale-dependent.
1703 *
1704 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'D'}
1705 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0044'</tt>
1706 * <td> Date formatted as {@code "%tm/%td/%ty"}.
1707 *
1708 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'F'}
1709 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0046'</tt>
1710 * <td> <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/NOTE-datetime">ISO 8601</a>
1711 * complete date formatted as {@code "%tY-%tm-%td"}.
1712 *
1713 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'c'}
1714 * <td valign="top"> <tt>'\u0063'</tt>
1715 * <td> Date and time formatted as {@code "%ta %tb %td %tT %tZ %tY"},
1716 * e.g. {@code "Sun Jul 20 16:17:00 EDT 1969"}.
1717 *
1718 * </table>
1719 *
1720 * <p> The {@code '-'} flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
1721 * conversions</a> applies. If the {@code '#'} flag is given, then a {@link
1722 * FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1723 *
1724 * <p> The <a name="dtWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters to
1725 * be written to the output. If the length of the converted value is less than
1726 * the {@code width} then the output will be padded by spaces
1727 * (<tt>'\u0020'</tt>) until the total number of characters equals width.
1728 * The padding is on the left by default. If the {@code '-'} flag is given
1729 * then the padding will be on the right. If width is not specified then there
1730 * is no minimum.
1731 *
1732 * <p> The precision is not applicable. If the precision is specified then an
1733 * {@link IllegalFormatPrecisionException} will be thrown.
1734 *
1735 * <h4><a name="dper">Percent</a></h4>
1736 *
1737 * <p> The conversion does not correspond to any argument.
1738 *
1739 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="DTConv">
1740 *
1741 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code '%'}
1742 * <td> The result is a literal {@code '%'} (<tt>'\u0025'</tt>)
1743 *
1744 * <p> The <a name="dtWidth">width</a> is the minimum number of characters to
1745 * be written to the output including the {@code '%'}. If the length of the
1746 * converted value is less than the {@code width} then the output will be
1747 * padded by spaces (<tt>'\u0020'</tt>) until the total number of
1748 * characters equals width. The padding is on the left. If width is not
1749 * specified then just the {@code '%'} is output.
1750 *
1751 * <p> The {@code '-'} flag defined for <a href="#dFlags">General
1752 * conversions</a> applies. If any other flags are provided, then a
1753 * {@link FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException} will be thrown.
1754 *
1755 * <p> The precision is not applicable. If the precision is specified an
1756 * {@link IllegalFormatPrecisionException} will be thrown.
1757 *
1758 * </table>
1759 *
1760 * <h4><a name="dls">Line Separator</a></h4>
1761 *
1762 * <p> The conversion does not correspond to any argument.
1763 *
1764 * <table cellpadding=5 summary="DTConv">
1765 *
1766 * <tr><td valign="top">{@code 'n'}
1767 * <td> the platform-specific line separator as returned by {@link
1768 * System#getProperty System.getProperty("line.separator")}.
1769 *
1770 * </table>
1771 *
1772 * <p> Flags, width, and precision are not applicable. If any are provided an
1773 * {@link IllegalFormatFlagsException}, {@link IllegalFormatWidthException},
1774 * and {@link IllegalFormatPrecisionException}, respectively will be thrown.
1775 *
1776 * <h4><a name="dpos">Argument Index</a></h4>
1777 *
1778 * <p> Format specifiers can reference arguments in three ways:
1779 *
1780 * <ul>
1781 *
1782 * <li> <i>Explicit indexing</i> is used when the format specifier contains an
1783 * argument index. The argument index is a decimal integer indicating the
1784 * position of the argument in the argument list. The first argument is
1785 * referenced by "{@code 1$}", the second by "{@code 2$}", etc. An argument
1786 * may be referenced more than once.
1787 *
1788 * <p> For example:
1789 *
1790 * <blockquote><pre>
1791 * formatter.format("%4$s %3$s %2$s %1$s %4$s %3$s %2$s %1$s",
1792 * "a", "b", "c", "d")
1793 * // -> "d c b a d c b a"
1794 * </pre></blockquote>
1795 *
1796 * <li> <i>Relative indexing</i> is used when the format specifier contains a
1797 * {@code '<'} (<tt>'\u003c'</tt>) flag which causes the argument for
1798 * the previous format specifier to be re-used. If there is no previous
1799 * argument, then a {@link MissingFormatArgumentException} is thrown.
1800 *
1801 * <blockquote><pre>
1802 * formatter.format("%s %s %<s %<s", "a", "b", "c", "d")
1803 * // -> "a b b b"
1804 * // "c" and "d" are ignored because they are not referenced
1805 * </pre></blockquote>
1806 *
1807 * <li> <i>Ordinary indexing</i> is used when the format specifier contains
1808 * neither an argument index nor a {@code '<'} flag. Each format specifier
1809 * which uses ordinary indexing is assigned a sequential implicit index into
1810 * argument list which is independent of the indices used by explicit or
1811 * relative indexing.
1812 *
1813 * <blockquote><pre>
1814 * formatter.format("%s %s %s %s", "a", "b", "c", "d")
1815 * // -> "a b c d"
1816 * </pre></blockquote>
1817 *
1818 * </ul>
1819 *
1820 * <p> It is possible to have a format string which uses all forms of indexing,
1821 * for example:
1822 *
1823 * <blockquote><pre>
1824 * formatter.format("%2$s %s %<s %s", "a", "b", "c", "d")
1825 * // -> "b a a b"
1826 * // "c" and "d" are ignored because they are not referenced
1827 * </pre></blockquote>
1828 *
1829 * <p> The maximum number of arguments is limited by the maximum dimension of a
1830 * Java array as defined by
1831 * <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
1832 * If the argument index is does not correspond to an
1833 * available argument, then a {@link MissingFormatArgumentException} is thrown.
1834 *
1835 * <p> If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the extra arguments
1836 * are ignored.
1837 *
1838 * <p> Unless otherwise specified, passing a {@code null} argument to any
1839 * method or constructor in this class will cause a {@link
1840 * NullPointerException} to be thrown.
1841 *
1842 * @author Iris Clark
1843 * @since 1.5
1844 */
1845 public final class Formatter implements Closeable, Flushable {
1846 private Appendable a;
1847 private final Locale l;
1848
1849 private IOException lastException;
1850
1851 private final char zero;
1852 private static double scaleUp;
1853
1854 // 1 (sign) + 19 (max # sig digits) + 1 ('.') + 1 ('e') + 1 (sign)
1855 // + 3 (max # exp digits) + 4 (error) = 30
1856 private static final int MAX_FD_CHARS = 30;
1857
1858 /**
1859 * Returns a charset object for the given charset name.
1860 * @throws NullPointerException is csn is null
1861 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException if the charset is not supported
1862 */
1863 private static Charset toCharset(String csn)
1864 throws UnsupportedEncodingException
1865 {
1866 Objects.requireNonNull(csn, "charsetName");
1867 try {
1868 return Charset.forName(csn);
1869 } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException|UnsupportedCharsetException unused) {
1870 // UnsupportedEncodingException should be thrown
1871 throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(csn);
1872 }
1873 }
1874
1875 private static final Appendable nonNullAppendable(Appendable a) {
1876 if (a == null)
1877 return new StringBuilder();
1878
1879 return a;
1880 }
1881
1882 /* Private constructors */
1883 private Formatter(Locale l, Appendable a) {
1884 this.a = a;
1885 this.l = l;
1886 this.zero = getZero(l);
1887 }
1888
1889 private Formatter(Charset charset, Locale l, File file)
1890 throws FileNotFoundException
1891 {
1892 this(l,
1893 new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file), charset)));
1894 }
1895
1896 /**
1897 * Constructs a new formatter.
1898 *
1899 * <p> The destination of the formatted output is a {@link StringBuilder}
1900 * which may be retrieved by invoking {@link #out out()} and whose
1901 * current content may be converted into a string by invoking {@link
1902 * #toString toString()}. The locale used is the {@linkplain
1903 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
1904 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
1905 * virtual machine.
1906 */
1907 public Formatter() {
1908 this(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT), new StringBuilder());
1909 }
1910
1911 /**
1912 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified destination.
1913 *
1914 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
1915 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
1916 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
1917 * virtual machine.
1918 *
1919 * @param a
1920 * Destination for the formatted output. If {@code a} is
1921 * {@code null} then a {@link StringBuilder} will be created.
1922 */
1923 public Formatter(Appendable a) {
1924 this(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT), nonNullAppendable(a));
1925 }
1926
1927 /**
1928 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified locale.
1929 *
1930 * <p> The destination of the formatted output is a {@link StringBuilder}
1931 * which may be retrieved by invoking {@link #out out()} and whose current
1932 * content may be converted into a string by invoking {@link #toString
1933 * toString()}.
1934 *
1935 * @param l
1936 * The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
1937 * formatting. If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
1938 * is applied.
1939 */
1940 public Formatter(Locale l) {
1941 this(l, new StringBuilder());
1942 }
1943
1944 /**
1945 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified destination and locale.
1946 *
1947 * @param a
1948 * Destination for the formatted output. If {@code a} is
1949 * {@code null} then a {@link StringBuilder} will be created.
1950 *
1951 * @param l
1952 * The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
1953 * formatting. If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
1954 * is applied.
1955 */
1956 public Formatter(Appendable a, Locale l) {
1957 this(l, nonNullAppendable(a));
1958 }
1959
1960 /**
1961 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified file name.
1962 *
1963 * <p> The charset used is the {@linkplain
1964 * java.nio.charset.Charset#defaultCharset() default charset} for this
1965 * instance of the Java virtual machine.
1966 *
1967 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
1968 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
1969 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
1970 * virtual machine.
1971 *
1972 * @param fileName
1973 * The name of the file to use as the destination of this
1974 * formatter. If the file exists then it will be truncated to
1975 * zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output
1976 * will be written to the file and is buffered.
1977 *
1978 * @throws SecurityException
1979 * If a security manager is present and {@link
1980 * SecurityManager#checkWrite checkWrite(fileName)} denies write
1981 * access to the file
1982 *
1983 * @throws FileNotFoundException
1984 * If the given file name does not denote an existing, writable
1985 * regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be
1986 * created, or if some other error occurs while opening or
1987 * creating the file
1988 */
1989 public Formatter(String fileName) throws FileNotFoundException {
1990 this(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT),
1991 new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(fileName))));
1992 }
1993
1994 /**
1995 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified file name and charset.
1996 *
1997 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
1998 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
1999 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
2000 * virtual machine.
2001 *
2002 * @param fileName
2003 * The name of the file to use as the destination of this
2004 * formatter. If the file exists then it will be truncated to
2005 * zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output
2006 * will be written to the file and is buffered.
2007 *
2008 * @param csn
2009 * The name of a supported {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset
2010 * charset}
2011 *
2012 * @throws FileNotFoundException
2013 * If the given file name does not denote an existing, writable
2014 * regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be
2015 * created, or if some other error occurs while opening or
2016 * creating the file
2017 *
2018 * @throws SecurityException
2019 * If a security manager is present and {@link
2020 * SecurityManager#checkWrite checkWrite(fileName)} denies write
2021 * access to the file
2022 *
2023 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2024 * If the named charset is not supported
2025 */
2026 public Formatter(String fileName, String csn)
2027 throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException
2028 {
2029 this(fileName, csn, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
2030 }
2031
2032 /**
2033 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified file name, charset, and
2034 * locale.
2035 *
2036 * @param fileName
2037 * The name of the file to use as the destination of this
2038 * formatter. If the file exists then it will be truncated to
2039 * zero size; otherwise, a new file will be created. The output
2040 * will be written to the file and is buffered.
2041 *
2042 * @param csn
2043 * The name of a supported {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset
2044 * charset}
2045 *
2046 * @param l
2047 * The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
2048 * formatting. If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
2049 * is applied.
2050 *
2051 * @throws FileNotFoundException
2052 * If the given file name does not denote an existing, writable
2053 * regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be
2054 * created, or if some other error occurs while opening or
2055 * creating the file
2056 *
2057 * @throws SecurityException
2058 * If a security manager is present and {@link
2059 * SecurityManager#checkWrite checkWrite(fileName)} denies write
2060 * access to the file
2061 *
2062 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2063 * If the named charset is not supported
2064 */
2065 public Formatter(String fileName, String csn, Locale l)
2066 throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException
2067 {
2068 this(toCharset(csn), l, new File(fileName));
2069 }
2070
2071 /**
2072 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified file.
2073 *
2074 * <p> The charset used is the {@linkplain
2075 * java.nio.charset.Charset#defaultCharset() default charset} for this
2076 * instance of the Java virtual machine.
2077 *
2078 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
2079 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
2080 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
2081 * virtual machine.
2082 *
2083 * @param file
2084 * The file to use as the destination of this formatter. If the
2085 * file exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise,
2086 * a new file will be created. The output will be written to the
2087 * file and is buffered.
2088 *
2089 * @throws SecurityException
2090 * If a security manager is present and {@link
2091 * SecurityManager#checkWrite checkWrite(file.getPath())} denies
2092 * write access to the file
2093 *
2094 * @throws FileNotFoundException
2095 * If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable
2096 * regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be
2097 * created, or if some other error occurs while opening or
2098 * creating the file
2099 */
2100 public Formatter(File file) throws FileNotFoundException {
2101 this(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT),
2102 new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(new FileOutputStream(file))));
2103 }
2104
2105 /**
2106 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified file and charset.
2107 *
2108 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
2109 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
2110 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
2111 * virtual machine.
2112 *
2113 * @param file
2114 * The file to use as the destination of this formatter. If the
2115 * file exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise,
2116 * a new file will be created. The output will be written to the
2117 * file and is buffered.
2118 *
2119 * @param csn
2120 * The name of a supported {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset
2121 * charset}
2122 *
2123 * @throws FileNotFoundException
2124 * If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable
2125 * regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be
2126 * created, or if some other error occurs while opening or
2127 * creating the file
2128 *
2129 * @throws SecurityException
2130 * If a security manager is present and {@link
2131 * SecurityManager#checkWrite checkWrite(file.getPath())} denies
2132 * write access to the file
2133 *
2134 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2135 * If the named charset is not supported
2136 */
2137 public Formatter(File file, String csn)
2138 throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException
2139 {
2140 this(file, csn, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
2141 }
2142
2143 /**
2144 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified file, charset, and
2145 * locale.
2146 *
2147 * @param file
2148 * The file to use as the destination of this formatter. If the
2149 * file exists then it will be truncated to zero size; otherwise,
2150 * a new file will be created. The output will be written to the
2151 * file and is buffered.
2152 *
2153 * @param csn
2154 * The name of a supported {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset
2155 * charset}
2156 *
2157 * @param l
2158 * The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
2159 * formatting. If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
2160 * is applied.
2161 *
2162 * @throws FileNotFoundException
2163 * If the given file object does not denote an existing, writable
2164 * regular file and a new regular file of that name cannot be
2165 * created, or if some other error occurs while opening or
2166 * creating the file
2167 *
2168 * @throws SecurityException
2169 * If a security manager is present and {@link
2170 * SecurityManager#checkWrite checkWrite(file.getPath())} denies
2171 * write access to the file
2172 *
2173 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2174 * If the named charset is not supported
2175 */
2176 public Formatter(File file, String csn, Locale l)
2177 throws FileNotFoundException, UnsupportedEncodingException
2178 {
2179 this(toCharset(csn), l, file);
2180 }
2181
2182 /**
2183 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified print stream.
2184 *
2185 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
2186 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
2187 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
2188 * virtual machine.
2189 *
2190 * <p> Characters are written to the given {@link java.io.PrintStream
2191 * PrintStream} object and are therefore encoded using that object's
2192 * charset.
2193 *
2194 * @param ps
2195 * The stream to use as the destination of this formatter.
2196 */
2197 public Formatter(PrintStream ps) {
2198 this(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT),
2199 (Appendable)Objects.requireNonNull(ps));
2200 }
2201
2202 /**
2203 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified output stream.
2204 *
2205 * <p> The charset used is the {@linkplain
2206 * java.nio.charset.Charset#defaultCharset() default charset} for this
2207 * instance of the Java virtual machine.
2208 *
2209 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
2210 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
2211 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
2212 * virtual machine.
2213 *
2214 * @param os
2215 * The output stream to use as the destination of this formatter.
2216 * The output will be buffered.
2217 */
2218 public Formatter(OutputStream os) {
2219 this(Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT),
2220 new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(os)));
2221 }
2222
2223 /**
2224 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified output stream and
2225 * charset.
2226 *
2227 * <p> The locale used is the {@linkplain
2228 * Locale#getDefault(Locale.Category) default locale} for
2229 * {@linkplain Locale.Category#FORMAT formatting} for this instance of the Java
2230 * virtual machine.
2231 *
2232 * @param os
2233 * The output stream to use as the destination of this formatter.
2234 * The output will be buffered.
2235 *
2236 * @param csn
2237 * The name of a supported {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset
2238 * charset}
2239 *
2240 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2241 * If the named charset is not supported
2242 */
2243 public Formatter(OutputStream os, String csn)
2244 throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2245 {
2246 this(os, csn, Locale.getDefault(Locale.Category.FORMAT));
2247 }
2248
2249 /**
2250 * Constructs a new formatter with the specified output stream, charset,
2251 * and locale.
2252 *
2253 * @param os
2254 * The output stream to use as the destination of this formatter.
2255 * The output will be buffered.
2256 *
2257 * @param csn
2258 * The name of a supported {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset
2259 * charset}
2260 *
2261 * @param l
2262 * The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
2263 * formatting. If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
2264 * is applied.
2265 *
2266 * @throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2267 * If the named charset is not supported
2268 */
2269 public Formatter(OutputStream os, String csn, Locale l)
2270 throws UnsupportedEncodingException
2271 {
2272 this(l, new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(os, csn)));
2273 }
2274
2275 private static char getZero(Locale l) {
2276 if ((l != null) && !l.equals(Locale.US)) {
2277 DecimalFormatSymbols dfs = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(l);
2278 return dfs.getZeroDigit();
2279 } else {
2280 return '0';
2281 }
2282 }
2283
2284 /**
2285 * Returns the locale set by the construction of this formatter.
2286 *
2287 * <p> The {@link #format(java.util.Locale,String,Object...) format} method
2288 * for this object which has a locale argument does not change this value.
2289 *
2290 * @return {@code null} if no localization is applied, otherwise a
2291 * locale
2292 *
2293 * @throws FormatterClosedException
2294 * If this formatter has been closed by invoking its {@link
2295 * #close()} method
2296 */
2297 public Locale locale() {
2298 ensureOpen();
2299 return l;
2300 }
2301
2302 /**
2303 * Returns the destination for the output.
2304 *
2305 * @return The destination for the output
2306 *
2307 * @throws FormatterClosedException
2308 * If this formatter has been closed by invoking its {@link
2309 * #close()} method
2310 */
2311 public Appendable out() {
2312 ensureOpen();
2313 return a;
2314 }
2315
2316 /**
2317 * Returns the result of invoking {@code toString()} on the destination
2318 * for the output. For example, the following code formats text into a
2319 * {@link StringBuilder} then retrieves the resultant string:
2320 *
2321 * <blockquote><pre>
2322 * Formatter f = new Formatter();
2323 * f.format("Last reboot at %tc", lastRebootDate);
2324 * String s = f.toString();
2325 * // -> s == "Last reboot at Sat Jan 01 00:00:00 PST 2000"
2326 * </pre></blockquote>
2327 *
2328 * <p> An invocation of this method behaves in exactly the same way as the
2329 * invocation
2330 *
2331 * <pre>
2332 * out().toString() </pre>
2333 *
2334 * <p> Depending on the specification of {@code toString} for the {@link
2335 * Appendable}, the returned string may or may not contain the characters
2336 * written to the destination. For instance, buffers typically return
2337 * their contents in {@code toString()}, but streams cannot since the
2338 * data is discarded.
2339 *
2340 * @return The result of invoking {@code toString()} on the destination
2341 * for the output
2342 *
2343 * @throws FormatterClosedException
2344 * If this formatter has been closed by invoking its {@link
2345 * #close()} method
2346 */
2347 public String toString() {
2348 ensureOpen();
2349 return a.toString();
2350 }
2351
2352 /**
2353 * Flushes this formatter. If the destination implements the {@link
2354 * java.io.Flushable} interface, its {@code flush} method will be invoked.
2355 *
2356 * <p> Flushing a formatter writes any buffered output in the destination
2357 * to the underlying stream.
2358 *
2359 * @throws FormatterClosedException
2360 * If this formatter has been closed by invoking its {@link
2361 * #close()} method
2362 */
2363 public void flush() {
2364 ensureOpen();
2365 if (a instanceof Flushable) {
2366 try {
2367 ((Flushable)a).flush();
2368 } catch (IOException ioe) {
2369 lastException = ioe;
2370 }
2371 }
2372 }
2373
2374 /**
2375 * Closes this formatter. If the destination implements the {@link
2376 * java.io.Closeable} interface, its {@code close} method will be invoked.
2377 *
2378 * <p> Closing a formatter allows it to release resources it may be holding
2379 * (such as open files). If the formatter is already closed, then invoking
2380 * this method has no effect.
2381 *
2382 * <p> Attempting to invoke any methods except {@link #ioException()} in
2383 * this formatter after it has been closed will result in a {@link
2384 * FormatterClosedException}.
2385 */
2386 public void close() {
2387 if (a == null)
2388 return;
2389 try {
2390 if (a instanceof Closeable)
2391 ((Closeable)a).close();
2392 } catch (IOException ioe) {
2393 lastException = ioe;
2394 } finally {
2395 a = null;
2396 }
2397 }
2398
2399 private void ensureOpen() {
2400 if (a == null)
2401 throw new FormatterClosedException();
2402 }
2403
2404 /**
2405 * Returns the {@code IOException} last thrown by this formatter's {@link
2406 * Appendable}.
2407 *
2408 * <p> If the destination's {@code append()} method never throws
2409 * {@code IOException}, then this method will always return {@code null}.
2410 *
2411 * @return The last exception thrown by the Appendable or {@code null} if
2412 * no such exception exists.
2413 */
2414 public IOException ioException() {
2415 return lastException;
2416 }
2417
2418 /**
2419 * Writes a formatted string to this object's destination using the
2420 * specified format string and arguments. The locale used is the one
2421 * defined during the construction of this formatter.
2422 *
2423 * @param format
2424 * A format string as described in <a href="#syntax">Format string
2425 * syntax</a>.
2426 *
2427 * @param args
2428 * Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format
2429 * string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the
2430 * extra arguments are ignored. The maximum number of arguments is
2431 * limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by
2432 * <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
2433 *
2434 * @throws IllegalFormatException
2435 * If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format
2436 * specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments,
2437 * insufficient arguments given the format string, or other
2438 * illegal conditions. For specification of all possible
2439 * formatting errors, see the <a href="#detail">Details</a>
2440 * section of the formatter class specification.
2441 *
2442 * @throws FormatterClosedException
2443 * If this formatter has been closed by invoking its {@link
2444 * #close()} method
2445 *
2446 * @return This formatter
2447 */
2448 public Formatter format(String format, Object ... args) {
2449 return format(l, format, args);
2450 }
2451
2452 /**
2453 * Writes a formatted string to this object's destination using the
2454 * specified locale, format string, and arguments.
2455 *
2456 * @param l
2457 * The {@linkplain java.util.Locale locale} to apply during
2458 * formatting. If {@code l} is {@code null} then no localization
2459 * is applied. This does not change this object's locale that was
2460 * set during construction.
2461 *
2462 * @param format
2463 * A format string as described in <a href="#syntax">Format string
2464 * syntax</a>
2465 *
2466 * @param args
2467 * Arguments referenced by the format specifiers in the format
2468 * string. If there are more arguments than format specifiers, the
2469 * extra arguments are ignored. The maximum number of arguments is
2470 * limited by the maximum dimension of a Java array as defined by
2471 * <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>.
2472 *
2473 * @throws IllegalFormatException
2474 * If a format string contains an illegal syntax, a format
2475 * specifier that is incompatible with the given arguments,
2476 * insufficient arguments given the format string, or other
2477 * illegal conditions. For specification of all possible
2478 * formatting errors, see the <a href="#detail">Details</a>
2479 * section of the formatter class specification.
2480 *
2481 * @throws FormatterClosedException
2482 * If this formatter has been closed by invoking its {@link
2483 * #close()} method
2484 *
2485 * @return This formatter
2486 */
2487 public Formatter format(Locale l, String format, Object ... args) {
2488 ensureOpen();
2489
2490 // index of last argument referenced
2491 int last = -1;
2492 // last ordinary index
2493 int lasto = -1;
2494
2495 FormatString[] fsa = parse(format);
2496 for (int i = 0; i < fsa.length; i++) {
2497 FormatString fs = fsa[i];
2498 int index = fs.index();
2499 try {
2500 switch (index) {
2501 case -2: // fixed string, "%n", or "%%"
2502 fs.print(null, l);
2503 break;
2504 case -1: // relative index
2505 if (last < 0 || (args != null && last > args.length - 1))
2506 throw new MissingFormatArgumentException(fs.toString());
2507 fs.print((args == null ? null : args[last]), l);
2508 break;
2509 case 0: // ordinary index
2510 lasto++;
2511 last = lasto;
2512 if (args != null && lasto > args.length - 1)
2513 throw new MissingFormatArgumentException(fs.toString());
2514 fs.print((args == null ? null : args[lasto]), l);
2515 break;
2516 default: // explicit index
2517 last = index - 1;
2518 if (args != null && last > args.length - 1)
2519 throw new MissingFormatArgumentException(fs.toString());
2520 fs.print((args == null ? null : args[last]), l);
2521 break;
2522 }
2523 } catch (IOException x) {
2524 lastException = x;
2525 }
2526 }
2527 return this;
2528 }
2529
2530 // %[argument_index$][flags][width][.precision][t]conversion
2531 private static final String formatSpecifier
2532 = "%(\\d+\\$)?([-#+ 0,(\\<]*)?(\\d+)?(\\.\\d+)?([tT])?([a-zA-Z%])";
2533
2534 private static Pattern fsPattern = Pattern.compile(formatSpecifier);
2535
2536 /**
2537 * Finds format specifiers in the format string.
2538 */
2539 private FormatString[] parse(String s) {
2540 ArrayList<FormatString> al = new ArrayList<>();
2541 Matcher m = fsPattern.matcher(s);
2542 for (int i = 0, len = s.length(); i < len; ) {
2543 if (m.find(i)) {
2544 // Anything between the start of the string and the beginning
2545 // of the format specifier is either fixed text or contains
2546 // an invalid format string.
2547 if (m.start() != i) {
2548 // Make sure we didn't miss any invalid format specifiers
2549 checkText(s, i, m.start());
2550 // Assume previous characters were fixed text
2551 al.add(new FixedString(s.substring(i, m.start())));
2552 }
2553
2554 al.add(new FormatSpecifier(m));
2555 i = m.end();
2556 } else {
2557 // No more valid format specifiers. Check for possible invalid
2558 // format specifiers.
2559 checkText(s, i, len);
2560 // The rest of the string is fixed text
2561 al.add(new FixedString(s.substring(i)));
2562 break;
2563 }
2564 }
2565 return al.toArray(new FormatString[al.size()]);
2566 }
2567
2568 private static void checkText(String s, int start, int end) {
2569 for (int i = start; i < end; i++) {
2570 // Any '%' found in the region starts an invalid format specifier.
2571 if (s.charAt(i) == '%') {
2572 char c = (i == end - 1) ? '%' : s.charAt(i + 1);
2573 throw new UnknownFormatConversionException(String.valueOf(c));
2574 }
2575 }
2576 }
2577
2578 private interface FormatString {
2579 int index();
2580 void print(Object arg, Locale l) throws IOException;
2581 String toString();
2582 }
2583
2584 private class FixedString implements FormatString {
2585 private String s;
2586 FixedString(String s) { this.s = s; }
2587 public int index() { return -2; }
2588 public void print(Object arg, Locale l)
2589 throws IOException { a.append(s); }
2590 public String toString() { return s; }
2591 }
2592
2593 public enum BigDecimalLayoutForm { SCIENTIFIC, DECIMAL_FLOAT };
2594
2595 private class FormatSpecifier implements FormatString {
2596 private int index = -1;
2597 private Flags f = Flags.NONE;
2598 private int width;
2599 private int precision;
2600 private boolean dt = false;
2601 private char c;
2602
2603 private int index(String s) {
2604 if (s != null) {
2605 try {
2606 index = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(0, s.length() - 1));
2607 } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
2608 assert(false);
2609 }
2610 } else {
2611 index = 0;
2612 }
2613 return index;
2614 }
2615
2616 public int index() {
2617 return index;
2618 }
2619
2620 private Flags flags(String s) {
2621 f = Flags.parse(s);
2622 if (f.contains(Flags.PREVIOUS))
2623 index = -1;
2624 return f;
2625 }
2626
2627 Flags flags() {
2628 return f;
2629 }
2630
2631 private int width(String s) {
2632 width = -1;
2633 if (s != null) {
2634 try {
2635 width = Integer.parseInt(s);
2636 if (width < 0)
2637 throw new IllegalFormatWidthException(width);
2638 } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
2639 assert(false);
2640 }
2641 }
2642 return width;
2643 }
2644
2645 int width() {
2646 return width;
2647 }
2648
2649 private int precision(String s) {
2650 precision = -1;
2651 if (s != null) {
2652 try {
2653 // remove the '.'
2654 precision = Integer.parseInt(s.substring(1));
2655 if (precision < 0)
2656 throw new IllegalFormatPrecisionException(precision);
2657 } catch (NumberFormatException x) {
2658 assert(false);
2659 }
2660 }
2661 return precision;
2662 }
2663
2664 int precision() {
2665 return precision;
2666 }
2667
2668 private char conversion(String s) {
2669 c = s.charAt(0);
2670 if (!dt) {
2671 if (!Conversion.isValid(c))
2672 throw new UnknownFormatConversionException(String.valueOf(c));
2673 if (Character.isUpperCase(c))
2674 f.add(Flags.UPPERCASE);
2675 c = Character.toLowerCase(c);
2676 if (Conversion.isText(c))
2677 index = -2;
2678 }
2679 return c;
2680 }
2681
2682 private char conversion() {
2683 return c;
2684 }
2685
2686 FormatSpecifier(Matcher m) {
2687 int idx = 1;
2688
2689 index(m.group(idx++));
2690 flags(m.group(idx++));
2691 width(m.group(idx++));
2692 precision(m.group(idx++));
2693
2694 String tT = m.group(idx++);
2695 if (tT != null) {
2696 dt = true;
2697 if (tT.equals("T"))
2698 f.add(Flags.UPPERCASE);
2699 }
2700
2701 conversion(m.group(idx));
2702
2703 if (dt)
2704 checkDateTime();
2705 else if (Conversion.isGeneral(c))
2706 checkGeneral();
2707 else if (Conversion.isCharacter(c))
2708 checkCharacter();
2709 else if (Conversion.isInteger(c))
2710 checkInteger();
2711 else if (Conversion.isFloat(c))
2712 checkFloat();
2713 else if (Conversion.isText(c))
2714 checkText();
2715 else
2716 throw new UnknownFormatConversionException(String.valueOf(c));
2717 }
2718
2719 public void print(Object arg, Locale l) throws IOException {
2720 if (dt) {
2721 printDateTime(arg, l);
2722 return;
2723 }
2724 switch(c) {
2725 case Conversion.DECIMAL_INTEGER:
2726 case Conversion.OCTAL_INTEGER:
2727 case Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER:
2728 printInteger(arg, l);
2729 break;
2730 case Conversion.SCIENTIFIC:
2731 case Conversion.GENERAL:
2732 case Conversion.DECIMAL_FLOAT:
2733 case Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT:
2734 printFloat(arg, l);
2735 break;
2736 case Conversion.CHARACTER:
2737 case Conversion.CHARACTER_UPPER:
2738 printCharacter(arg);
2739 break;
2740 case Conversion.BOOLEAN:
2741 printBoolean(arg);
2742 break;
2743 case Conversion.STRING:
2744 printString(arg, l);
2745 break;
2746 case Conversion.HASHCODE:
2747 printHashCode(arg);
2748 break;
2749 case Conversion.LINE_SEPARATOR:
2750 a.append(System.lineSeparator());
2751 break;
2752 case Conversion.PERCENT_SIGN:
2753 a.append('%');
2754 break;
2755 default:
2756 assert false;
2757 }
2758 }
2759
2760 private void printInteger(Object arg, Locale l) throws IOException {
2761 if (arg == null)
2762 print("null");
2763 else if (arg instanceof Byte)
2764 print(((Byte)arg).byteValue(), l);
2765 else if (arg instanceof Short)
2766 print(((Short)arg).shortValue(), l);
2767 else if (arg instanceof Integer)
2768 print(((Integer)arg).intValue(), l);
2769 else if (arg instanceof Long)
2770 print(((Long)arg).longValue(), l);
2771 else if (arg instanceof BigInteger)
2772 print(((BigInteger)arg), l);
2773 else
2774 failConversion(c, arg);
2775 }
2776
2777 private void printFloat(Object arg, Locale l) throws IOException {
2778 if (arg == null)
2779 print("null");
2780 else if (arg instanceof Float)
2781 print(((Float)arg).floatValue(), l);
2782 else if (arg instanceof Double)
2783 print(((Double)arg).doubleValue(), l);
2784 else if (arg instanceof BigDecimal)
2785 print(((BigDecimal)arg), l);
2786 else
2787 failConversion(c, arg);
2788 }
2789
2790 private void printDateTime(Object arg, Locale l) throws IOException {
2791 if (arg == null) {
2792 print("null");
2793 return;
2794 }
2795 Calendar cal = null;
2796
2797 // Instead of Calendar.setLenient(true), perhaps we should
2798 // wrap the IllegalArgumentException that might be thrown?
2799 if (arg instanceof Long) {
2800 // Note that the following method uses an instance of the
2801 // default time zone (TimeZone.getDefaultRef().
2802 cal = Calendar.getInstance(l == null ? Locale.US : l);
2803 cal.setTimeInMillis((Long)arg);
2804 } else if (arg instanceof Date) {
2805 // Note that the following method uses an instance of the
2806 // default time zone (TimeZone.getDefaultRef().
2807 cal = Calendar.getInstance(l == null ? Locale.US : l);
2808 cal.setTime((Date)arg);
2809 } else if (arg instanceof Calendar) {
2810 cal = (Calendar) ((Calendar) arg).clone();
2811 cal.setLenient(true);
2812 } else if (arg instanceof TemporalAccessor) {
2813 print((TemporalAccessor) arg, c, l);
2814 return;
2815 } else {
2816 failConversion(c, arg);
2817 }
2818 // Use the provided locale so that invocations of
2819 // localizedMagnitude() use optimizations for null.
2820 print(cal, c, l);
2821 }
2822
2823 private void printCharacter(Object arg) throws IOException {
2824 if (arg == null) {
2825 print("null");
2826 return;
2827 }
2828 String s = null;
2829 if (arg instanceof Character) {
2830 s = ((Character)arg).toString();
2831 } else if (arg instanceof Byte) {
2832 byte i = ((Byte)arg).byteValue();
2833 if (Character.isValidCodePoint(i))
2834 s = new String(Character.toChars(i));
2835 else
2836 throw new IllegalFormatCodePointException(i);
2837 } else if (arg instanceof Short) {
2838 short i = ((Short)arg).shortValue();
2839 if (Character.isValidCodePoint(i))
2840 s = new String(Character.toChars(i));
2841 else
2842 throw new IllegalFormatCodePointException(i);
2843 } else if (arg instanceof Integer) {
2844 int i = ((Integer)arg).intValue();
2845 if (Character.isValidCodePoint(i))
2846 s = new String(Character.toChars(i));
2847 else
2848 throw new IllegalFormatCodePointException(i);
2849 } else {
2850 failConversion(c, arg);
2851 }
2852 print(s);
2853 }
2854
2855 private void printString(Object arg, Locale l) throws IOException {
2856 if (arg instanceof Formattable) {
2857 Formatter fmt = Formatter.this;
2858 if (fmt.locale() != l)
2859 fmt = new Formatter(fmt.out(), l);
2860 ((Formattable)arg).formatTo(fmt, f.valueOf(), width, precision);
2861 } else {
2862 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE))
2863 failMismatch(Flags.ALTERNATE, 's');
2864 if (arg == null)
2865 print("null");
2866 else
2867 print(arg.toString());
2868 }
2869 }
2870
2871 private void printBoolean(Object arg) throws IOException {
2872 String s;
2873 if (arg != null)
2874 s = ((arg instanceof Boolean)
2875 ? ((Boolean)arg).toString()
2876 : Boolean.toString(true));
2877 else
2878 s = Boolean.toString(false);
2879 print(s);
2880 }
2881
2882 private void printHashCode(Object arg) throws IOException {
2883 String s = (arg == null
2884 ? "null"
2885 : Integer.toHexString(arg.hashCode()));
2886 print(s);
2887 }
2888
2889 private void print(String s) throws IOException {
2890 if (precision != -1 && precision < s.length())
2891 s = s.substring(0, precision);
2892 if (f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE))
2893 s = s.toUpperCase();
2894 a.append(justify(s));
2895 }
2896
2897 private String justify(String s) {
2898 if (width == -1)
2899 return s;
2900 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
2901 boolean pad = f.contains(Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY);
2902 int sp = width - s.length();
2903 if (!pad)
2904 for (int i = 0; i < sp; i++) sb.append(' ');
2905 sb.append(s);
2906 if (pad)
2907 for (int i = 0; i < sp; i++) sb.append(' ');
2908 return sb.toString();
2909 }
2910
2911 public String toString() {
2912 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder("%");
2913 // Flags.UPPERCASE is set internally for legal conversions.
2914 Flags dupf = f.dup().remove(Flags.UPPERCASE);
2915 sb.append(dupf.toString());
2916 if (index > 0)
2917 sb.append(index).append('$');
2918 if (width != -1)
2919 sb.append(width);
2920 if (precision != -1)
2921 sb.append('.').append(precision);
2922 if (dt)
2923 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE) ? 'T' : 't');
2924 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE)
2925 ? Character.toUpperCase(c) : c);
2926 return sb.toString();
2927 }
2928
2929 private void checkGeneral() {
2930 if ((c == Conversion.BOOLEAN || c == Conversion.HASHCODE)
2931 && f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE))
2932 failMismatch(Flags.ALTERNATE, c);
2933 // '-' requires a width
2934 if (width == -1 && f.contains(Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY))
2935 throw new MissingFormatWidthException(toString());
2936 checkBadFlags(Flags.PLUS, Flags.LEADING_SPACE, Flags.ZERO_PAD,
2937 Flags.GROUP, Flags.PARENTHESES);
2938 }
2939
2940 private void checkDateTime() {
2941 if (precision != -1)
2942 throw new IllegalFormatPrecisionException(precision);
2943 if (!DateTime.isValid(c))
2944 throw new UnknownFormatConversionException("t" + c);
2945 checkBadFlags(Flags.ALTERNATE, Flags.PLUS, Flags.LEADING_SPACE,
2946 Flags.ZERO_PAD, Flags.GROUP, Flags.PARENTHESES);
2947 // '-' requires a width
2948 if (width == -1 && f.contains(Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY))
2949 throw new MissingFormatWidthException(toString());
2950 }
2951
2952 private void checkCharacter() {
2953 if (precision != -1)
2954 throw new IllegalFormatPrecisionException(precision);
2955 checkBadFlags(Flags.ALTERNATE, Flags.PLUS, Flags.LEADING_SPACE,
2956 Flags.ZERO_PAD, Flags.GROUP, Flags.PARENTHESES);
2957 // '-' requires a width
2958 if (width == -1 && f.contains(Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY))
2959 throw new MissingFormatWidthException(toString());
2960 }
2961
2962 private void checkInteger() {
2963 checkNumeric();
2964 if (precision != -1)
2965 throw new IllegalFormatPrecisionException(precision);
2966
2967 if (c == Conversion.DECIMAL_INTEGER)
2968 checkBadFlags(Flags.ALTERNATE);
2969 else if (c == Conversion.OCTAL_INTEGER)
2970 checkBadFlags(Flags.GROUP);
2971 else
2972 checkBadFlags(Flags.GROUP);
2973 }
2974
2975 private void checkBadFlags(Flags ... badFlags) {
2976 for (int i = 0; i < badFlags.length; i++)
2977 if (f.contains(badFlags[i]))
2978 failMismatch(badFlags[i], c);
2979 }
2980
2981 private void checkFloat() {
2982 checkNumeric();
2983 if (c == Conversion.DECIMAL_FLOAT) {
2984 } else if (c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT) {
2985 checkBadFlags(Flags.PARENTHESES, Flags.GROUP);
2986 } else if (c == Conversion.SCIENTIFIC) {
2987 checkBadFlags(Flags.GROUP);
2988 } else if (c == Conversion.GENERAL) {
2989 checkBadFlags(Flags.ALTERNATE);
2990 }
2991 }
2992
2993 private void checkNumeric() {
2994 if (width != -1 && width < 0)
2995 throw new IllegalFormatWidthException(width);
2996
2997 if (precision != -1 && precision < 0)
2998 throw new IllegalFormatPrecisionException(precision);
2999
3000 // '-' and '0' require a width
3001 if (width == -1
3002 && (f.contains(Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY) || f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD)))
3003 throw new MissingFormatWidthException(toString());
3004
3005 // bad combination
3006 if ((f.contains(Flags.PLUS) && f.contains(Flags.LEADING_SPACE))
3007 || (f.contains(Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY) && f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD)))
3008 throw new IllegalFormatFlagsException(f.toString());
3009 }
3010
3011 private void checkText() {
3012 if (precision != -1)
3013 throw new IllegalFormatPrecisionException(precision);
3014 switch (c) {
3015 case Conversion.PERCENT_SIGN:
3016 if (f.valueOf() != Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY.valueOf()
3017 && f.valueOf() != Flags.NONE.valueOf())
3018 throw new IllegalFormatFlagsException(f.toString());
3019 // '-' requires a width
3020 if (width == -1 && f.contains(Flags.LEFT_JUSTIFY))
3021 throw new MissingFormatWidthException(toString());
3022 break;
3023 case Conversion.LINE_SEPARATOR:
3024 if (width != -1)
3025 throw new IllegalFormatWidthException(width);
3026 if (f.valueOf() != Flags.NONE.valueOf())
3027 throw new IllegalFormatFlagsException(f.toString());
3028 break;
3029 default:
3030 assert false;
3031 }
3032 }
3033
3034 private void print(byte value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3035 long v = value;
3036 if (value < 0
3037 && (c == Conversion.OCTAL_INTEGER
3038 || c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER)) {
3039 v += (1L << 8);
3040 assert v >= 0 : v;
3041 }
3042 print(v, l);
3043 }
3044
3045 private void print(short value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3046 long v = value;
3047 if (value < 0
3048 && (c == Conversion.OCTAL_INTEGER
3049 || c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER)) {
3050 v += (1L << 16);
3051 assert v >= 0 : v;
3052 }
3053 print(v, l);
3054 }
3055
3056 private void print(int value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3057 long v = value;
3058 if (value < 0
3059 && (c == Conversion.OCTAL_INTEGER
3060 || c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER)) {
3061 v += (1L << 32);
3062 assert v >= 0 : v;
3063 }
3064 print(v, l);
3065 }
3066
3067 private void print(long value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3068
3069 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
3070
3071 if (c == Conversion.DECIMAL_INTEGER) {
3072 boolean neg = value < 0;
3073 char[] va;
3074 if (value < 0)
3075 va = Long.toString(value, 10).substring(1).toCharArray();
3076 else
3077 va = Long.toString(value, 10).toCharArray();
3078
3079 // leading sign indicator
3080 leadingSign(sb, neg);
3081
3082 // the value
3083 localizedMagnitude(sb, va, f, adjustWidth(width, f, neg), l);
3084
3085 // trailing sign indicator
3086 trailingSign(sb, neg);
3087 } else if (c == Conversion.OCTAL_INTEGER) {
3088 checkBadFlags(Flags.PARENTHESES, Flags.LEADING_SPACE,
3089 Flags.PLUS);
3090 String s = Long.toOctalString(value);
3091 int len = (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE)
3092 ? s.length() + 1
3093 : s.length());
3094
3095 // apply ALTERNATE (radix indicator for octal) before ZERO_PAD
3096 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE))
3097 sb.append('0');
3098 if (f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD))
3099 for (int i = 0; i < width - len; i++) sb.append('0');
3100 sb.append(s);
3101 } else if (c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER) {
3102 checkBadFlags(Flags.PARENTHESES, Flags.LEADING_SPACE,
3103 Flags.PLUS);
3104 String s = Long.toHexString(value);
3105 int len = (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE)
3106 ? s.length() + 2
3107 : s.length());
3108
3109 // apply ALTERNATE (radix indicator for hex) before ZERO_PAD
3110 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE))
3111 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE) ? "0X" : "0x");
3112 if (f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD))
3113 for (int i = 0; i < width - len; i++) sb.append('0');
3114 if (f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE))
3115 s = s.toUpperCase();
3116 sb.append(s);
3117 }
3118
3119 // justify based on width
3120 a.append(justify(sb.toString()));
3121 }
3122
3123 // neg := val < 0
3124 private StringBuilder leadingSign(StringBuilder sb, boolean neg) {
3125 if (!neg) {
3126 if (f.contains(Flags.PLUS)) {
3127 sb.append('+');
3128 } else if (f.contains(Flags.LEADING_SPACE)) {
3129 sb.append(' ');
3130 }
3131 } else {
3132 if (f.contains(Flags.PARENTHESES))
3133 sb.append('(');
3134 else
3135 sb.append('-');
3136 }
3137 return sb;
3138 }
3139
3140 // neg := val < 0
3141 private StringBuilder trailingSign(StringBuilder sb, boolean neg) {
3142 if (neg && f.contains(Flags.PARENTHESES))
3143 sb.append(')');
3144 return sb;
3145 }
3146
3147 private void print(BigInteger value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3148 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
3149 boolean neg = value.signum() == -1;
3150 BigInteger v = value.abs();
3151
3152 // leading sign indicator
3153 leadingSign(sb, neg);
3154
3155 // the value
3156 if (c == Conversion.DECIMAL_INTEGER) {
3157 char[] va = v.toString().toCharArray();
3158 localizedMagnitude(sb, va, f, adjustWidth(width, f, neg), l);
3159 } else if (c == Conversion.OCTAL_INTEGER) {
3160 String s = v.toString(8);
3161
3162 int len = s.length() + sb.length();
3163 if (neg && f.contains(Flags.PARENTHESES))
3164 len++;
3165
3166 // apply ALTERNATE (radix indicator for octal) before ZERO_PAD
3167 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE)) {
3168 len++;
3169 sb.append('0');
3170 }
3171 if (f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD)) {
3172 for (int i = 0; i < width - len; i++)
3173 sb.append('0');
3174 }
3175 sb.append(s);
3176 } else if (c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER) {
3177 String s = v.toString(16);
3178
3179 int len = s.length() + sb.length();
3180 if (neg && f.contains(Flags.PARENTHESES))
3181 len++;
3182
3183 // apply ALTERNATE (radix indicator for hex) before ZERO_PAD
3184 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE)) {
3185 len += 2;
3186 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE) ? "0X" : "0x");
3187 }
3188 if (f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD))
3189 for (int i = 0; i < width - len; i++)
3190 sb.append('0');
3191 if (f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE))
3192 s = s.toUpperCase();
3193 sb.append(s);
3194 }
3195
3196 // trailing sign indicator
3197 trailingSign(sb, (value.signum() == -1));
3198
3199 // justify based on width
3200 a.append(justify(sb.toString()));
3201 }
3202
3203 private void print(float value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3204 print((double) value, l);
3205 }
3206
3207 private void print(double value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3208 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
3209 boolean neg = Double.compare(value, 0.0) == -1;
3210
3211 if (!Double.isNaN(value)) {
3212 double v = Math.abs(value);
3213
3214 // leading sign indicator
3215 leadingSign(sb, neg);
3216
3217 // the value
3218 if (!Double.isInfinite(v))
3219 print(sb, v, l, f, c, precision, neg);
3220 else
3221 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE)
3222 ? "INFINITY" : "Infinity");
3223
3224 // trailing sign indicator
3225 trailingSign(sb, neg);
3226 } else {
3227 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE) ? "NAN" : "NaN");
3228 }
3229
3230 // justify based on width
3231 a.append(justify(sb.toString()));
3232 }
3233
3234 // !Double.isInfinite(value) && !Double.isNaN(value)
3235 private void print(StringBuilder sb, double value, Locale l,
3236 Flags f, char c, int precision, boolean neg)
3237 throws IOException
3238 {
3239 if (c == Conversion.SCIENTIFIC) {
3240 // Create a new FormattedFloatingDecimal with the desired
3241 // precision.
3242 int prec = (precision == -1 ? 6 : precision);
3243
3244 FormattedFloatingDecimal fd
3245 = FormattedFloatingDecimal.valueOf(value, prec,
3246 FormattedFloatingDecimal.Form.SCIENTIFIC);
3247
3248 char[] mant = addZeros(fd.getMantissa(), prec);
3249
3250 // If the precision is zero and the '#' flag is set, add the
3251 // requested decimal point.
3252 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE) && (prec == 0))
3253 mant = addDot(mant);
3254
3255 char[] exp = (value == 0.0)
3256 ? new char[] {'+','0','0'} : fd.getExponent();
3257
3258 int newW = width;
3259 if (width != -1)
3260 newW = adjustWidth(width - exp.length - 1, f, neg);
3261 localizedMagnitude(sb, mant, f, newW, l);
3262
3263 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE) ? 'E' : 'e');
3264
3265 Flags flags = f.dup().remove(Flags.GROUP);
3266 char sign = exp[0];
3267 assert(sign == '+' || sign == '-');
3268 sb.append(sign);
3269
3270 char[] tmp = new char[exp.length - 1];
3271 System.arraycopy(exp, 1, tmp, 0, exp.length - 1);
3272 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, tmp, flags, -1, l));
3273 } else if (c == Conversion.DECIMAL_FLOAT) {
3274 // Create a new FormattedFloatingDecimal with the desired
3275 // precision.
3276 int prec = (precision == -1 ? 6 : precision);
3277
3278 FormattedFloatingDecimal fd
3279 = FormattedFloatingDecimal.valueOf(value, prec,
3280 FormattedFloatingDecimal.Form.DECIMAL_FLOAT);
3281
3282 char[] mant = addZeros(fd.getMantissa(), prec);
3283
3284 // If the precision is zero and the '#' flag is set, add the
3285 // requested decimal point.
3286 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE) && (prec == 0))
3287 mant = addDot(mant);
3288
3289 int newW = width;
3290 if (width != -1)
3291 newW = adjustWidth(width, f, neg);
3292 localizedMagnitude(sb, mant, f, newW, l);
3293 } else if (c == Conversion.GENERAL) {
3294 int prec = precision;
3295 if (precision == -1)
3296 prec = 6;
3297 else if (precision == 0)
3298 prec = 1;
3299
3300 char[] exp;
3301 char[] mant;
3302 int expRounded;
3303 if (value == 0.0) {
3304 exp = null;
3305 mant = new char[] {'0'};
3306 expRounded = 0;
3307 } else {
3308 FormattedFloatingDecimal fd
3309 = FormattedFloatingDecimal.valueOf(value, prec,
3310 FormattedFloatingDecimal.Form.GENERAL);
3311 exp = fd.getExponent();
3312 mant = fd.getMantissa();
3313 expRounded = fd.getExponentRounded();
3314 }
3315
3316 if (exp != null) {
3317 prec -= 1;
3318 } else {
3319 prec -= expRounded + 1;
3320 }
3321
3322 mant = addZeros(mant, prec);
3323 // If the precision is zero and the '#' flag is set, add the
3324 // requested decimal point.
3325 if (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE) && (prec == 0))
3326 mant = addDot(mant);
3327
3328 int newW = width;
3329 if (width != -1) {
3330 if (exp != null)
3331 newW = adjustWidth(width - exp.length - 1, f, neg);
3332 else
3333 newW = adjustWidth(width, f, neg);
3334 }
3335 localizedMagnitude(sb, mant, f, newW, l);
3336
3337 if (exp != null) {
3338 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE) ? 'E' : 'e');
3339
3340 Flags flags = f.dup().remove(Flags.GROUP);
3341 char sign = exp[0];
3342 assert(sign == '+' || sign == '-');
3343 sb.append(sign);
3344
3345 char[] tmp = new char[exp.length - 1];
3346 System.arraycopy(exp, 1, tmp, 0, exp.length - 1);
3347 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, tmp, flags, -1, l));
3348 }
3349 } else if (c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT) {
3350 int prec = precision;
3351 if (precision == -1)
3352 // assume that we want all of the digits
3353 prec = 0;
3354 else if (precision == 0)
3355 prec = 1;
3356
3357 String s = hexDouble(value, prec);
3358
3359 char[] va;
3360 boolean upper = f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE);
3361 sb.append(upper ? "0X" : "0x");
3362
3363 if (f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD))
3364 for (int i = 0; i < width - s.length() - 2; i++)
3365 sb.append('0');
3366
3367 int idx = s.indexOf('p');
3368 va = s.substring(0, idx).toCharArray();
3369 if (upper) {
3370 String tmp = new String(va);
3371 // don't localize hex
3372 tmp = tmp.toUpperCase(Locale.US);
3373 va = tmp.toCharArray();
3374 }
3375 sb.append(prec != 0 ? addZeros(va, prec) : va);
3376 sb.append(upper ? 'P' : 'p');
3377 sb.append(s.substring(idx+1));
3378 }
3379 }
3380
3381 // Add zeros to the requested precision.
3382 private char[] addZeros(char[] v, int prec) {
3383 // Look for the dot. If we don't find one, the we'll need to add
3384 // it before we add the zeros.
3385 int i;
3386 for (i = 0; i < v.length; i++) {
3387 if (v[i] == '.')
3388 break;
3389 }
3390 boolean needDot = false;
3391 if (i == v.length) {
3392 needDot = true;
3393 }
3394
3395 // Determine existing precision.
3396 int outPrec = v.length - i - (needDot ? 0 : 1);
3397 assert (outPrec <= prec);
3398 if (outPrec == prec)
3399 return v;
3400
3401 // Create new array with existing contents.
3402 char[] tmp
3403 = new char[v.length + prec - outPrec + (needDot ? 1 : 0)];
3404 System.arraycopy(v, 0, tmp, 0, v.length);
3405
3406 // Add dot if previously determined to be necessary.
3407 int start = v.length;
3408 if (needDot) {
3409 tmp[v.length] = '.';
3410 start++;
3411 }
3412
3413 // Add zeros.
3414 for (int j = start; j < tmp.length; j++)
3415 tmp[j] = '0';
3416
3417 return tmp;
3418 }
3419
3420 // Method assumes that d > 0.
3421 private String hexDouble(double d, int prec) {
3422 // Let Double.toHexString handle simple cases
3423 if(!Double.isFinite(d) || d == 0.0 || prec == 0 || prec >= 13)
3424 // remove "0x"
3425 return Double.toHexString(d).substring(2);
3426 else {
3427 assert(prec >= 1 && prec <= 12);
3428
3429 int exponent = Math.getExponent(d);
3430 boolean subnormal
3431 = (exponent == DoubleConsts.MIN_EXPONENT - 1);
3432
3433 // If this is subnormal input so normalize (could be faster to
3434 // do as integer operation).
3435 if (subnormal) {
3436 scaleUp = Math.scalb(1.0, 54);
3437 d *= scaleUp;
3438 // Calculate the exponent. This is not just exponent + 54
3439 // since the former is not the normalized exponent.
3440 exponent = Math.getExponent(d);
3441 assert exponent >= DoubleConsts.MIN_EXPONENT &&
3442 exponent <= DoubleConsts.MAX_EXPONENT: exponent;
3443 }
3444
3445 int precision = 1 + prec*4;
3446 int shiftDistance
3447 = DoubleConsts.SIGNIFICAND_WIDTH - precision;
3448 assert(shiftDistance >= 1 && shiftDistance < DoubleConsts.SIGNIFICAND_WIDTH);
3449
3450 long doppel = Double.doubleToLongBits(d);
3451 // Deterime the number of bits to keep.
3452 long newSignif
3453 = (doppel & (DoubleConsts.EXP_BIT_MASK
3454 | DoubleConsts.SIGNIF_BIT_MASK))
3455 >> shiftDistance;
3456 // Bits to round away.
3457 long roundingBits = doppel & ~(~0L << shiftDistance);
3458
3459 // To decide how to round, look at the low-order bit of the
3460 // working significand, the highest order discarded bit (the
3461 // round bit) and whether any of the lower order discarded bits
3462 // are nonzero (the sticky bit).
3463
3464 boolean leastZero = (newSignif & 0x1L) == 0L;
3465 boolean round
3466 = ((1L << (shiftDistance - 1) ) & roundingBits) != 0L;
3467 boolean sticky = shiftDistance > 1 &&
3468 (~(1L<< (shiftDistance - 1)) & roundingBits) != 0;
3469 if((leastZero && round && sticky) || (!leastZero && round)) {
3470 newSignif++;
3471 }
3472
3473 long signBit = doppel & DoubleConsts.SIGN_BIT_MASK;
3474 newSignif = signBit | (newSignif << shiftDistance);
3475 double result = Double.longBitsToDouble(newSignif);
3476
3477 if (Double.isInfinite(result) ) {
3478 // Infinite result generated by rounding
3479 return "1.0p1024";
3480 } else {
3481 String res = Double.toHexString(result).substring(2);
3482 if (!subnormal)
3483 return res;
3484 else {
3485 // Create a normalized subnormal string.
3486 int idx = res.indexOf('p');
3487 if (idx == -1) {
3488 // No 'p' character in hex string.
3489 assert false;
3490 return null;
3491 } else {
3492 // Get exponent and append at the end.
3493 String exp = res.substring(idx + 1);
3494 int iexp = Integer.parseInt(exp) -54;
3495 return res.substring(0, idx) + "p"
3496 + Integer.toString(iexp);
3497 }
3498 }
3499 }
3500 }
3501 }
3502
3503 private void print(BigDecimal value, Locale l) throws IOException {
3504 if (c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT)
3505 failConversion(c, value);
3506 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
3507 boolean neg = value.signum() == -1;
3508 BigDecimal v = value.abs();
3509 // leading sign indicator
3510 leadingSign(sb, neg);
3511
3512 // the value
3513 print(sb, v, l, f, c, precision, neg);
3514
3515 // trailing sign indicator
3516 trailingSign(sb, neg);
3517
3518 // justify based on width
3519 a.append(justify(sb.toString()));
3520 }
3521
3522 // value > 0
3523 private void print(StringBuilder sb, BigDecimal value, Locale l,
3524 Flags f, char c, int precision, boolean neg)
3525 throws IOException
3526 {
3527 if (c == Conversion.SCIENTIFIC) {
3528 // Create a new BigDecimal with the desired precision.
3529 int prec = (precision == -1 ? 6 : precision);
3530 int scale = value.scale();
3531 int origPrec = value.precision();
3532 int nzeros = 0;
3533 int compPrec;
3534
3535 if (prec > origPrec - 1) {
3536 compPrec = origPrec;
3537 nzeros = prec - (origPrec - 1);
3538 } else {
3539 compPrec = prec + 1;
3540 }
3541
3542 MathContext mc = new MathContext(compPrec);
3543 BigDecimal v
3544 = new BigDecimal(value.unscaledValue(), scale, mc);
3545
3546 BigDecimalLayout bdl
3547 = new BigDecimalLayout(v.unscaledValue(), v.scale(),
3548 BigDecimalLayoutForm.SCIENTIFIC);
3549
3550 char[] mant = bdl.mantissa();
3551
3552 // Add a decimal point if necessary. The mantissa may not
3553 // contain a decimal point if the scale is zero (the internal
3554 // representation has no fractional part) or the original
3555 // precision is one. Append a decimal point if '#' is set or if
3556 // we require zero padding to get to the requested precision.
3557 if ((origPrec == 1 || !bdl.hasDot())
3558 && (nzeros > 0 || (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE))))
3559 mant = addDot(mant);
3560
3561 // Add trailing zeros in the case precision is greater than
3562 // the number of available digits after the decimal separator.
3563 mant = trailingZeros(mant, nzeros);
3564
3565 char[] exp = bdl.exponent();
3566 int newW = width;
3567 if (width != -1)
3568 newW = adjustWidth(width - exp.length - 1, f, neg);
3569 localizedMagnitude(sb, mant, f, newW, l);
3570
3571 sb.append(f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE) ? 'E' : 'e');
3572
3573 Flags flags = f.dup().remove(Flags.GROUP);
3574 char sign = exp[0];
3575 assert(sign == '+' || sign == '-');
3576 sb.append(exp[0]);
3577
3578 char[] tmp = new char[exp.length - 1];
3579 System.arraycopy(exp, 1, tmp, 0, exp.length - 1);
3580 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, tmp, flags, -1, l));
3581 } else if (c == Conversion.DECIMAL_FLOAT) {
3582 // Create a new BigDecimal with the desired precision.
3583 int prec = (precision == -1 ? 6 : precision);
3584 int scale = value.scale();
3585
3586 if (scale > prec) {
3587 // more "scale" digits than the requested "precision"
3588 int compPrec = value.precision();
3589 if (compPrec <= scale) {
3590 // case of 0.xxxxxx
3591 value = value.setScale(prec, RoundingMode.HALF_UP);
3592 } else {
3593 compPrec -= (scale - prec);
3594 value = new BigDecimal(value.unscaledValue(),
3595 scale,
3596 new MathContext(compPrec));
3597 }
3598 }
3599 BigDecimalLayout bdl = new BigDecimalLayout(
3600 value.unscaledValue(),
3601 value.scale(),
3602 BigDecimalLayoutForm.DECIMAL_FLOAT);
3603
3604 char mant[] = bdl.mantissa();
3605 int nzeros = (bdl.scale() < prec ? prec - bdl.scale() : 0);
3606
3607 // Add a decimal point if necessary. The mantissa may not
3608 // contain a decimal point if the scale is zero (the internal
3609 // representation has no fractional part). Append a decimal
3610 // point if '#' is set or we require zero padding to get to the
3611 // requested precision.
3612 if (bdl.scale() == 0 && (f.contains(Flags.ALTERNATE) || nzeros > 0))
3613 mant = addDot(bdl.mantissa());
3614
3615 // Add trailing zeros if the precision is greater than the
3616 // number of available digits after the decimal separator.
3617 mant = trailingZeros(mant, nzeros);
3618
3619 localizedMagnitude(sb, mant, f, adjustWidth(width, f, neg), l);
3620 } else if (c == Conversion.GENERAL) {
3621 int prec = precision;
3622 if (precision == -1)
3623 prec = 6;
3624 else if (precision == 0)
3625 prec = 1;
3626
3627 BigDecimal tenToTheNegFour = BigDecimal.valueOf(1, 4);
3628 BigDecimal tenToThePrec = BigDecimal.valueOf(1, -prec);
3629 if ((value.equals(BigDecimal.ZERO))
3630 || ((value.compareTo(tenToTheNegFour) != -1)
3631 && (value.compareTo(tenToThePrec) == -1))) {
3632
3633 int e = - value.scale()
3634 + (value.unscaledValue().toString().length() - 1);
3635
3636 // xxx.yyy
3637 // g precision (# sig digits) = #x + #y
3638 // f precision = #y
3639 // exponent = #x - 1
3640 // => f precision = g precision - exponent - 1
3641 // 0.000zzz
3642 // g precision (# sig digits) = #z
3643 // f precision = #0 (after '.') + #z
3644 // exponent = - #0 (after '.') - 1
3645 // => f precision = g precision - exponent - 1
3646 prec = prec - e - 1;
3647
3648 print(sb, value, l, f, Conversion.DECIMAL_FLOAT, prec,
3649 neg);
3650 } else {
3651 print(sb, value, l, f, Conversion.SCIENTIFIC, prec - 1, neg);
3652 }
3653 } else if (c == Conversion.HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT) {
3654 // This conversion isn't supported. The error should be
3655 // reported earlier.
3656 assert false;
3657 }
3658 }
3659
3660 private class BigDecimalLayout {
3661 private StringBuilder mant;
3662 private StringBuilder exp;
3663 private boolean dot = false;
3664 private int scale;
3665
3666 public BigDecimalLayout(BigInteger intVal, int scale, BigDecimalLayoutForm form) {
3667 layout(intVal, scale, form);
3668 }
3669
3670 public boolean hasDot() {
3671 return dot;
3672 }
3673
3674 public int scale() {
3675 return scale;
3676 }
3677
3678 // char[] with canonical string representation
3679 public char[] layoutChars() {
3680 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(mant);
3681 if (exp != null) {
3682 sb.append('E');
3683 sb.append(exp);
3684 }
3685 return toCharArray(sb);
3686 }
3687
3688 public char[] mantissa() {
3689 return toCharArray(mant);
3690 }
3691
3692 // The exponent will be formatted as a sign ('+' or '-') followed
3693 // by the exponent zero-padded to include at least two digits.
3694 public char[] exponent() {
3695 return toCharArray(exp);
3696 }
3697
3698 private char[] toCharArray(StringBuilder sb) {
3699 if (sb == null)
3700 return null;
3701 char[] result = new char[sb.length()];
3702 sb.getChars(0, result.length, result, 0);
3703 return result;
3704 }
3705
3706 private void layout(BigInteger intVal, int scale, BigDecimalLayoutForm form) {
3707 char coeff[] = intVal.toString().toCharArray();
3708 this.scale = scale;
3709
3710 // Construct a buffer, with sufficient capacity for all cases.
3711 // If E-notation is needed, length will be: +1 if negative, +1
3712 // if '.' needed, +2 for "E+", + up to 10 for adjusted
3713 // exponent. Otherwise it could have +1 if negative, plus
3714 // leading "0.00000"
3715 mant = new StringBuilder(coeff.length + 14);
3716
3717 if (scale == 0) {
3718 int len = coeff.length;
3719 if (len > 1) {
3720 mant.append(coeff[0]);
3721 if (form == BigDecimalLayoutForm.SCIENTIFIC) {
3722 mant.append('.');
3723 dot = true;
3724 mant.append(coeff, 1, len - 1);
3725 exp = new StringBuilder("+");
3726 if (len < 10)
3727 exp.append("0").append(len - 1);
3728 else
3729 exp.append(len - 1);
3730 } else {
3731 mant.append(coeff, 1, len - 1);
3732 }
3733 } else {
3734 mant.append(coeff);
3735 if (form == BigDecimalLayoutForm.SCIENTIFIC)
3736 exp = new StringBuilder("+00");
3737 }
3738 return;
3739 }
3740 long adjusted = -(long) scale + (coeff.length - 1);
3741 if (form == BigDecimalLayoutForm.DECIMAL_FLOAT) {
3742 // count of padding zeros
3743 int pad = scale - coeff.length;
3744 if (pad >= 0) {
3745 // 0.xxx form
3746 mant.append("0.");
3747 dot = true;
3748 for (; pad > 0 ; pad--) mant.append('0');
3749 mant.append(coeff);
3750 } else {
3751 if (-pad < coeff.length) {
3752 // xx.xx form
3753 mant.append(coeff, 0, -pad);
3754 mant.append('.');
3755 dot = true;
3756 mant.append(coeff, -pad, scale);
3757 } else {
3758 // xx form
3759 mant.append(coeff, 0, coeff.length);
3760 for (int i = 0; i < -scale; i++)
3761 mant.append('0');
3762 this.scale = 0;
3763 }
3764 }
3765 } else {
3766 // x.xxx form
3767 mant.append(coeff[0]);
3768 if (coeff.length > 1) {
3769 mant.append('.');
3770 dot = true;
3771 mant.append(coeff, 1, coeff.length-1);
3772 }
3773 exp = new StringBuilder();
3774 if (adjusted != 0) {
3775 long abs = Math.abs(adjusted);
3776 // require sign
3777 exp.append(adjusted < 0 ? '-' : '+');
3778 if (abs < 10)
3779 exp.append('0');
3780 exp.append(abs);
3781 } else {
3782 exp.append("+00");
3783 }
3784 }
3785 }
3786 }
3787
3788 private int adjustWidth(int width, Flags f, boolean neg) {
3789 int newW = width;
3790 if (newW != -1 && neg && f.contains(Flags.PARENTHESES))
3791 newW--;
3792 return newW;
3793 }
3794
3795 // Add a '.' to th mantissa if required
3796 private char[] addDot(char[] mant) {
3797 char[] tmp = mant;
3798 tmp = new char[mant.length + 1];
3799 System.arraycopy(mant, 0, tmp, 0, mant.length);
3800 tmp[tmp.length - 1] = '.';
3801 return tmp;
3802 }
3803
3804 // Add trailing zeros in the case precision is greater than the number
3805 // of available digits after the decimal separator.
3806 private char[] trailingZeros(char[] mant, int nzeros) {
3807 char[] tmp = mant;
3808 if (nzeros > 0) {
3809 tmp = new char[mant.length + nzeros];
3810 System.arraycopy(mant, 0, tmp, 0, mant.length);
3811 for (int i = mant.length; i < tmp.length; i++)
3812 tmp[i] = '0';
3813 }
3814 return tmp;
3815 }
3816
3817 private void print(Calendar t, char c, Locale l) throws IOException
3818 {
3819 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
3820 print(sb, t, c, l);
3821
3822 // justify based on width
3823 String s = justify(sb.toString());
3824 if (f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE))
3825 s = s.toUpperCase();
3826
3827 a.append(s);
3828 }
3829
3830 private Appendable print(StringBuilder sb, Calendar t, char c,
3831 Locale l)
3832 throws IOException
3833 {
3834 if (sb == null)
3835 sb = new StringBuilder();
3836 switch (c) {
3837 case DateTime.HOUR_OF_DAY_0: // 'H' (00 - 23)
3838 case DateTime.HOUR_0: // 'I' (01 - 12)
3839 case DateTime.HOUR_OF_DAY: // 'k' (0 - 23) -- like H
3840 case DateTime.HOUR: { // 'l' (1 - 12) -- like I
3841 int i = t.get(Calendar.HOUR_OF_DAY);
3842 if (c == DateTime.HOUR_0 || c == DateTime.HOUR)
3843 i = (i == 0 || i == 12 ? 12 : i % 12);
3844 Flags flags = (c == DateTime.HOUR_OF_DAY_0
3845 || c == DateTime.HOUR_0
3846 ? Flags.ZERO_PAD
3847 : Flags.NONE);
3848 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
3849 break;
3850 }
3851 case DateTime.MINUTE: { // 'M' (00 - 59)
3852 int i = t.get(Calendar.MINUTE);
3853 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3854 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
3855 break;
3856 }
3857 case DateTime.NANOSECOND: { // 'N' (000000000 - 999999999)
3858 int i = t.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND) * 1000000;
3859 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3860 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 9, l));
3861 break;
3862 }
3863 case DateTime.MILLISECOND: { // 'L' (000 - 999)
3864 int i = t.get(Calendar.MILLISECOND);
3865 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3866 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 3, l));
3867 break;
3868 }
3869 case DateTime.MILLISECOND_SINCE_EPOCH: { // 'Q' (0 - 99...?)
3870 long i = t.getTimeInMillis();
3871 Flags flags = Flags.NONE;
3872 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, width, l));
3873 break;
3874 }
3875 case DateTime.AM_PM: { // 'p' (am or pm)
3876 // Calendar.AM = 0, Calendar.PM = 1, LocaleElements defines upper
3877 String[] ampm = { "AM", "PM" };
3878 if (l != null && l != Locale.US) {
3879 DateFormatSymbols dfs = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(l);
3880 ampm = dfs.getAmPmStrings();
3881 }
3882 String s = ampm[t.get(Calendar.AM_PM)];
3883 sb.append(s.toLowerCase(l != null ? l : Locale.US));
3884 break;
3885 }
3886 case DateTime.SECONDS_SINCE_EPOCH: { // 's' (0 - 99...?)
3887 long i = t.getTimeInMillis() / 1000;
3888 Flags flags = Flags.NONE;
3889 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, width, l));
3890 break;
3891 }
3892 case DateTime.SECOND: { // 'S' (00 - 60 - leap second)
3893 int i = t.get(Calendar.SECOND);
3894 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3895 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
3896 break;
3897 }
3898 case DateTime.ZONE_NUMERIC: { // 'z' ({-|+}####) - ls minus?
3899 int i = t.get(Calendar.ZONE_OFFSET) + t.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET);
3900 boolean neg = i < 0;
3901 sb.append(neg ? '-' : '+');
3902 if (neg)
3903 i = -i;
3904 int min = i / 60000;
3905 // combine minute and hour into a single integer
3906 int offset = (min / 60) * 100 + (min % 60);
3907 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3908
3909 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, offset, flags, 4, l));
3910 break;
3911 }
3912 case DateTime.ZONE: { // 'Z' (symbol)
3913 TimeZone tz = t.getTimeZone();
3914 sb.append(tz.getDisplayName((t.get(Calendar.DST_OFFSET) != 0),
3915 TimeZone.SHORT,
3916 (l == null) ? Locale.US : l));
3917 break;
3918 }
3919
3920 // Date
3921 case DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY_ABBREV: // 'a'
3922 case DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY: { // 'A'
3923 int i = t.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_WEEK);
3924 Locale lt = ((l == null) ? Locale.US : l);
3925 DateFormatSymbols dfs = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(lt);
3926 if (c == DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY)
3927 sb.append(dfs.getWeekdays()[i]);
3928 else
3929 sb.append(dfs.getShortWeekdays()[i]);
3930 break;
3931 }
3932 case DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV: // 'b'
3933 case DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV_X: // 'h' -- same b
3934 case DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH: { // 'B'
3935 int i = t.get(Calendar.MONTH);
3936 Locale lt = ((l == null) ? Locale.US : l);
3937 DateFormatSymbols dfs = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(lt);
3938 if (c == DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH)
3939 sb.append(dfs.getMonths()[i]);
3940 else
3941 sb.append(dfs.getShortMonths()[i]);
3942 break;
3943 }
3944 case DateTime.CENTURY: // 'C' (00 - 99)
3945 case DateTime.YEAR_2: // 'y' (00 - 99)
3946 case DateTime.YEAR_4: { // 'Y' (0000 - 9999)
3947 int i = t.get(Calendar.YEAR);
3948 int size = 2;
3949 switch (c) {
3950 case DateTime.CENTURY:
3951 i /= 100;
3952 break;
3953 case DateTime.YEAR_2:
3954 i %= 100;
3955 break;
3956 case DateTime.YEAR_4:
3957 size = 4;
3958 break;
3959 }
3960 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3961 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, size, l));
3962 break;
3963 }
3964 case DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0: // 'd' (01 - 31)
3965 case DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH: { // 'e' (1 - 31) -- like d
3966 int i = t.get(Calendar.DATE);
3967 Flags flags = (c == DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0
3968 ? Flags.ZERO_PAD
3969 : Flags.NONE);
3970 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
3971 break;
3972 }
3973 case DateTime.DAY_OF_YEAR: { // 'j' (001 - 366)
3974 int i = t.get(Calendar.DAY_OF_YEAR);
3975 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3976 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 3, l));
3977 break;
3978 }
3979 case DateTime.MONTH: { // 'm' (01 - 12)
3980 int i = t.get(Calendar.MONTH) + 1;
3981 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
3982 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
3983 break;
3984 }
3985
3986 // Composites
3987 case DateTime.TIME: // 'T' (24 hour hh:mm:ss - %tH:%tM:%tS)
3988 case DateTime.TIME_24_HOUR: { // 'R' (hh:mm same as %H:%M)
3989 char sep = ':';
3990 print(sb, t, DateTime.HOUR_OF_DAY_0, l).append(sep);
3991 print(sb, t, DateTime.MINUTE, l);
3992 if (c == DateTime.TIME) {
3993 sb.append(sep);
3994 print(sb, t, DateTime.SECOND, l);
3995 }
3996 break;
3997 }
3998 case DateTime.TIME_12_HOUR: { // 'r' (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
3999 char sep = ':';
4000 print(sb, t, DateTime.HOUR_0, l).append(sep);
4001 print(sb, t, DateTime.MINUTE, l).append(sep);
4002 print(sb, t, DateTime.SECOND, l).append(' ');
4003 // this may be in wrong place for some locales
4004 StringBuilder tsb = new StringBuilder();
4005 print(tsb, t, DateTime.AM_PM, l);
4006 sb.append(tsb.toString().toUpperCase(l != null ? l : Locale.US));
4007 break;
4008 }
4009 case DateTime.DATE_TIME: { // 'c' (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1999)
4010 char sep = ' ';
4011 print(sb, t, DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY_ABBREV, l).append(sep);
4012 print(sb, t, DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV, l).append(sep);
4013 print(sb, t, DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0, l).append(sep);
4014 print(sb, t, DateTime.TIME, l).append(sep);
4015 print(sb, t, DateTime.ZONE, l).append(sep);
4016 print(sb, t, DateTime.YEAR_4, l);
4017 break;
4018 }
4019 case DateTime.DATE: { // 'D' (mm/dd/yy)
4020 char sep = '/';
4021 print(sb, t, DateTime.MONTH, l).append(sep);
4022 print(sb, t, DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0, l).append(sep);
4023 print(sb, t, DateTime.YEAR_2, l);
4024 break;
4025 }
4026 case DateTime.ISO_STANDARD_DATE: { // 'F' (%Y-%m-%d)
4027 char sep = '-';
4028 print(sb, t, DateTime.YEAR_4, l).append(sep);
4029 print(sb, t, DateTime.MONTH, l).append(sep);
4030 print(sb, t, DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0, l);
4031 break;
4032 }
4033 default:
4034 assert false;
4035 }
4036 return sb;
4037 }
4038
4039 private void print(TemporalAccessor t, char c, Locale l) throws IOException {
4040 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
4041 print(sb, t, c, l);
4042 // justify based on width
4043 String s = justify(sb.toString());
4044 if (f.contains(Flags.UPPERCASE))
4045 s = s.toUpperCase();
4046 a.append(s);
4047 }
4048
4049 private Appendable print(StringBuilder sb, TemporalAccessor t, char c,
4050 Locale l) throws IOException {
4051 if (sb == null)
4052 sb = new StringBuilder();
4053 try {
4054 switch (c) {
4055 case DateTime.HOUR_OF_DAY_0: { // 'H' (00 - 23)
4056 int i = t.get(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY);
4057 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, Flags.ZERO_PAD, 2, l));
4058 break;
4059 }
4060 case DateTime.HOUR_OF_DAY: { // 'k' (0 - 23) -- like H
4061 int i = t.get(ChronoField.HOUR_OF_DAY);
4062 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, Flags.NONE, 2, l));
4063 break;
4064 }
4065 case DateTime.HOUR_0: { // 'I' (01 - 12)
4066 int i = t.get(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM);
4067 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, Flags.ZERO_PAD, 2, l));
4068 break;
4069 }
4070 case DateTime.HOUR: { // 'l' (1 - 12) -- like I
4071 int i = t.get(ChronoField.CLOCK_HOUR_OF_AMPM);
4072 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, Flags.NONE, 2, l));
4073 break;
4074 }
4075 case DateTime.MINUTE: { // 'M' (00 - 59)
4076 int i = t.get(ChronoField.MINUTE_OF_HOUR);
4077 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4078 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
4079 break;
4080 }
4081 case DateTime.NANOSECOND: { // 'N' (000000000 - 999999999)
4082 int i = t.get(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_SECOND) * 1000000;
4083 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4084 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 9, l));
4085 break;
4086 }
4087 case DateTime.MILLISECOND: { // 'L' (000 - 999)
4088 int i = t.get(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_SECOND);
4089 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4090 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 3, l));
4091 break;
4092 }
4093 case DateTime.MILLISECOND_SINCE_EPOCH: { // 'Q' (0 - 99...?)
4094 long i = t.getLong(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS) * 1000L +
4095 t.getLong(ChronoField.MILLI_OF_SECOND);
4096 Flags flags = Flags.NONE;
4097 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, width, l));
4098 break;
4099 }
4100 case DateTime.AM_PM: { // 'p' (am or pm)
4101 // Calendar.AM = 0, Calendar.PM = 1, LocaleElements defines upper
4102 String[] ampm = { "AM", "PM" };
4103 if (l != null && l != Locale.US) {
4104 DateFormatSymbols dfs = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(l);
4105 ampm = dfs.getAmPmStrings();
4106 }
4107 String s = ampm[t.get(ChronoField.AMPM_OF_DAY)];
4108 sb.append(s.toLowerCase(l != null ? l : Locale.US));
4109 break;
4110 }
4111 case DateTime.SECONDS_SINCE_EPOCH: { // 's' (0 - 99...?)
4112 long i = t.getLong(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS);
4113 Flags flags = Flags.NONE;
4114 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, width, l));
4115 break;
4116 }
4117 case DateTime.SECOND: { // 'S' (00 - 60 - leap second)
4118 int i = t.get(ChronoField.SECOND_OF_MINUTE);
4119 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4120 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
4121 break;
4122 }
4123 case DateTime.ZONE_NUMERIC: { // 'z' ({-|+}####) - ls minus?
4124 int i = t.get(ChronoField.OFFSET_SECONDS);
4125 boolean neg = i < 0;
4126 sb.append(neg ? '-' : '+');
4127 if (neg)
4128 i = -i;
4129 int min = i / 60;
4130 // combine minute and hour into a single integer
4131 int offset = (min / 60) * 100 + (min % 60);
4132 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4133 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, offset, flags, 4, l));
4134 break;
4135 }
4136 case DateTime.ZONE: { // 'Z' (symbol)
4137 ZoneId zid = t.query(TemporalQuery.zone());
4138 if (zid == null) {
4139 throw new IllegalFormatConversionException(c, t.getClass());
4140 }
4141 if (!(zid instanceof ZoneOffset) &&
4142 t.isSupported(ChronoField.INSTANT_SECONDS)) {
4143 Instant instant = Instant.from(t);
4144 sb.append(TimeZone.getTimeZone(zid.getId())
4145 .getDisplayName(zid.getRules().isDaylightSavings(instant),
4146 TimeZone.SHORT,
4147 (l == null) ? Locale.US : l));
4148 break;
4149 }
4150 sb.append(zid.getId());
4151 break;
4152 }
4153 // Date
4154 case DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY_ABBREV: // 'a'
4155 case DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY: { // 'A'
4156 int i = t.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_WEEK) % 7 + 1;
4157 Locale lt = ((l == null) ? Locale.US : l);
4158 DateFormatSymbols dfs = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(lt);
4159 if (c == DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY)
4160 sb.append(dfs.getWeekdays()[i]);
4161 else
4162 sb.append(dfs.getShortWeekdays()[i]);
4163 break;
4164 }
4165 case DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV: // 'b'
4166 case DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV_X: // 'h' -- same b
4167 case DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH: { // 'B'
4168 int i = t.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR) - 1;
4169 Locale lt = ((l == null) ? Locale.US : l);
4170 DateFormatSymbols dfs = DateFormatSymbols.getInstance(lt);
4171 if (c == DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH)
4172 sb.append(dfs.getMonths()[i]);
4173 else
4174 sb.append(dfs.getShortMonths()[i]);
4175 break;
4176 }
4177 case DateTime.CENTURY: // 'C' (00 - 99)
4178 case DateTime.YEAR_2: // 'y' (00 - 99)
4179 case DateTime.YEAR_4: { // 'Y' (0000 - 9999)
4180 int i = t.get(ChronoField.YEAR);
4181 int size = 2;
4182 switch (c) {
4183 case DateTime.CENTURY:
4184 i /= 100;
4185 break;
4186 case DateTime.YEAR_2:
4187 i %= 100;
4188 break;
4189 case DateTime.YEAR_4:
4190 size = 4;
4191 break;
4192 }
4193 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4194 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, size, l));
4195 break;
4196 }
4197 case DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0: // 'd' (01 - 31)
4198 case DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH: { // 'e' (1 - 31) -- like d
4199 int i = t.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_MONTH);
4200 Flags flags = (c == DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0
4201 ? Flags.ZERO_PAD
4202 : Flags.NONE);
4203 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
4204 break;
4205 }
4206 case DateTime.DAY_OF_YEAR: { // 'j' (001 - 366)
4207 int i = t.get(ChronoField.DAY_OF_YEAR);
4208 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4209 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 3, l));
4210 break;
4211 }
4212 case DateTime.MONTH: { // 'm' (01 - 12)
4213 int i = t.get(ChronoField.MONTH_OF_YEAR);
4214 Flags flags = Flags.ZERO_PAD;
4215 sb.append(localizedMagnitude(null, i, flags, 2, l));
4216 break;
4217 }
4218
4219 // Composites
4220 case DateTime.TIME: // 'T' (24 hour hh:mm:ss - %tH:%tM:%tS)
4221 case DateTime.TIME_24_HOUR: { // 'R' (hh:mm same as %H:%M)
4222 char sep = ':';
4223 print(sb, t, DateTime.HOUR_OF_DAY_0, l).append(sep);
4224 print(sb, t, DateTime.MINUTE, l);
4225 if (c == DateTime.TIME) {
4226 sb.append(sep);
4227 print(sb, t, DateTime.SECOND, l);
4228 }
4229 break;
4230 }
4231 case DateTime.TIME_12_HOUR: { // 'r' (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
4232 char sep = ':';
4233 print(sb, t, DateTime.HOUR_0, l).append(sep);
4234 print(sb, t, DateTime.MINUTE, l).append(sep);
4235 print(sb, t, DateTime.SECOND, l).append(' ');
4236 // this may be in wrong place for some locales
4237 StringBuilder tsb = new StringBuilder();
4238 print(tsb, t, DateTime.AM_PM, l);
4239 sb.append(tsb.toString().toUpperCase(l != null ? l : Locale.US));
4240 break;
4241 }
4242 case DateTime.DATE_TIME: { // 'c' (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1999)
4243 char sep = ' ';
4244 print(sb, t, DateTime.NAME_OF_DAY_ABBREV, l).append(sep);
4245 print(sb, t, DateTime.NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV, l).append(sep);
4246 print(sb, t, DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0, l).append(sep);
4247 print(sb, t, DateTime.TIME, l).append(sep);
4248 print(sb, t, DateTime.ZONE, l).append(sep);
4249 print(sb, t, DateTime.YEAR_4, l);
4250 break;
4251 }
4252 case DateTime.DATE: { // 'D' (mm/dd/yy)
4253 char sep = '/';
4254 print(sb, t, DateTime.MONTH, l).append(sep);
4255 print(sb, t, DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0, l).append(sep);
4256 print(sb, t, DateTime.YEAR_2, l);
4257 break;
4258 }
4259 case DateTime.ISO_STANDARD_DATE: { // 'F' (%Y-%m-%d)
4260 char sep = '-';
4261 print(sb, t, DateTime.YEAR_4, l).append(sep);
4262 print(sb, t, DateTime.MONTH, l).append(sep);
4263 print(sb, t, DateTime.DAY_OF_MONTH_0, l);
4264 break;
4265 }
4266 default:
4267 assert false;
4268 }
4269 } catch (DateTimeException x) {
4270 throw new IllegalFormatConversionException(c, t.getClass());
4271 }
4272 return sb;
4273 }
4274
4275 // -- Methods to support throwing exceptions --
4276
4277 private void failMismatch(Flags f, char c) {
4278 String fs = f.toString();
4279 throw new FormatFlagsConversionMismatchException(fs, c);
4280 }
4281
4282 private void failConversion(char c, Object arg) {
4283 throw new IllegalFormatConversionException(c, arg.getClass());
4284 }
4285
4286 private char getZero(Locale l) {
4287 if ((l != null) && !l.equals(locale())) {
4288 DecimalFormatSymbols dfs = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(l);
4289 return dfs.getZeroDigit();
4290 }
4291 return zero;
4292 }
4293
4294 private StringBuilder
4295 localizedMagnitude(StringBuilder sb, long value, Flags f,
4296 int width, Locale l)
4297 {
4298 char[] va = Long.toString(value, 10).toCharArray();
4299 return localizedMagnitude(sb, va, f, width, l);
4300 }
4301
4302 private StringBuilder
4303 localizedMagnitude(StringBuilder sb, char[] value, Flags f,
4304 int width, Locale l)
4305 {
4306 if (sb == null)
4307 sb = new StringBuilder();
4308 int begin = sb.length();
4309
4310 char zero = getZero(l);
4311
4312 // determine localized grouping separator and size
4313 char grpSep = '\0';
4314 int grpSize = -1;
4315 char decSep = '\0';
4316
4317 int len = value.length;
4318 int dot = len;
4319 for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
4320 if (value[j] == '.') {
4321 dot = j;
4322 break;
4323 }
4324 }
4325
4326 if (dot < len) {
4327 if (l == null || l.equals(Locale.US)) {
4328 decSep = '.';
4329 } else {
4330 DecimalFormatSymbols dfs = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(l);
4331 decSep = dfs.getDecimalSeparator();
4332 }
4333 }
4334
4335 if (f.contains(Flags.GROUP)) {
4336 if (l == null || l.equals(Locale.US)) {
4337 grpSep = ',';
4338 grpSize = 3;
4339 } else {
4340 DecimalFormatSymbols dfs = DecimalFormatSymbols.getInstance(l);
4341 grpSep = dfs.getGroupingSeparator();
4342 DecimalFormat df = (DecimalFormat) NumberFormat.getIntegerInstance(l);
4343 grpSize = df.getGroupingSize();
4344 }
4345 }
4346
4347 // localize the digits inserting group separators as necessary
4348 for (int j = 0; j < len; j++) {
4349 if (j == dot) {
4350 sb.append(decSep);
4351 // no more group separators after the decimal separator
4352 grpSep = '\0';
4353 continue;
4354 }
4355
4356 char c = value[j];
4357 sb.append((char) ((c - '0') + zero));
4358 if (grpSep != '\0' && j != dot - 1 && ((dot - j) % grpSize == 1))
4359 sb.append(grpSep);
4360 }
4361
4362 // apply zero padding
4363 len = sb.length();
4364 if (width != -1 && f.contains(Flags.ZERO_PAD))
4365 for (int k = 0; k < width - len; k++)
4366 sb.insert(begin, zero);
4367
4368 return sb;
4369 }
4370 }
4371
4372 private static class Flags {
4373 private int flags;
4374
4375 static final Flags NONE = new Flags(0); // ''
4376
4377 // duplicate declarations from Formattable.java
4378 static final Flags LEFT_JUSTIFY = new Flags(1<<0); // '-'
4379 static final Flags UPPERCASE = new Flags(1<<1); // '^'
4380 static final Flags ALTERNATE = new Flags(1<<2); // '#'
4381
4382 // numerics
4383 static final Flags PLUS = new Flags(1<<3); // '+'
4384 static final Flags LEADING_SPACE = new Flags(1<<4); // ' '
4385 static final Flags ZERO_PAD = new Flags(1<<5); // '0'
4386 static final Flags GROUP = new Flags(1<<6); // ','
4387 static final Flags PARENTHESES = new Flags(1<<7); // '('
4388
4389 // indexing
4390 static final Flags PREVIOUS = new Flags(1<<8); // '<'
4391
4392 private Flags(int f) {
4393 flags = f;
4394 }
4395
4396 public int valueOf() {
4397 return flags;
4398 }
4399
4400 public boolean contains(Flags f) {
4401 return (flags & f.valueOf()) == f.valueOf();
4402 }
4403
4404 public Flags dup() {
4405 return new Flags(flags);
4406 }
4407
4408 private Flags add(Flags f) {
4409 flags |= f.valueOf();
4410 return this;
4411 }
4412
4413 public Flags remove(Flags f) {
4414 flags &= ~f.valueOf();
4415 return this;
4416 }
4417
4418 public static Flags parse(String s) {
4419 char[] ca = s.toCharArray();
4420 Flags f = new Flags(0);
4421 for (int i = 0; i < ca.length; i++) {
4422 Flags v = parse(ca[i]);
4423 if (f.contains(v))
4424 throw new DuplicateFormatFlagsException(v.toString());
4425 f.add(v);
4426 }
4427 return f;
4428 }
4429
4430 // parse those flags which may be provided by users
4431 private static Flags parse(char c) {
4432 switch (c) {
4433 case '-': return LEFT_JUSTIFY;
4434 case '#': return ALTERNATE;
4435 case '+': return PLUS;
4436 case ' ': return LEADING_SPACE;
4437 case '0': return ZERO_PAD;
4438 case ',': return GROUP;
4439 case '(': return PARENTHESES;
4440 case '<': return PREVIOUS;
4441 default:
4442 throw new UnknownFormatFlagsException(String.valueOf(c));
4443 }
4444 }
4445
4446 // Returns a string representation of the current {@code Flags}.
4447 public static String toString(Flags f) {
4448 return f.toString();
4449 }
4450
4451 public String toString() {
4452 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
4453 if (contains(LEFT_JUSTIFY)) sb.append('-');
4454 if (contains(UPPERCASE)) sb.append('^');
4455 if (contains(ALTERNATE)) sb.append('#');
4456 if (contains(PLUS)) sb.append('+');
4457 if (contains(LEADING_SPACE)) sb.append(' ');
4458 if (contains(ZERO_PAD)) sb.append('0');
4459 if (contains(GROUP)) sb.append(',');
4460 if (contains(PARENTHESES)) sb.append('(');
4461 if (contains(PREVIOUS)) sb.append('<');
4462 return sb.toString();
4463 }
4464 }
4465
4466 private static class Conversion {
4467 // Byte, Short, Integer, Long, BigInteger
4468 // (and associated primitives due to autoboxing)
4469 static final char DECIMAL_INTEGER = 'd';
4470 static final char OCTAL_INTEGER = 'o';
4471 static final char HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER = 'x';
4472 static final char HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER_UPPER = 'X';
4473
4474 // Float, Double, BigDecimal
4475 // (and associated primitives due to autoboxing)
4476 static final char SCIENTIFIC = 'e';
4477 static final char SCIENTIFIC_UPPER = 'E';
4478 static final char GENERAL = 'g';
4479 static final char GENERAL_UPPER = 'G';
4480 static final char DECIMAL_FLOAT = 'f';
4481 static final char HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT = 'a';
4482 static final char HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT_UPPER = 'A';
4483
4484 // Character, Byte, Short, Integer
4485 // (and associated primitives due to autoboxing)
4486 static final char CHARACTER = 'c';
4487 static final char CHARACTER_UPPER = 'C';
4488
4489 // java.util.Date, java.util.Calendar, long
4490 static final char DATE_TIME = 't';
4491 static final char DATE_TIME_UPPER = 'T';
4492
4493 // if (arg.TYPE != boolean) return boolean
4494 // if (arg != null) return true; else return false;
4495 static final char BOOLEAN = 'b';
4496 static final char BOOLEAN_UPPER = 'B';
4497 // if (arg instanceof Formattable) arg.formatTo()
4498 // else arg.toString();
4499 static final char STRING = 's';
4500 static final char STRING_UPPER = 'S';
4501 // arg.hashCode()
4502 static final char HASHCODE = 'h';
4503 static final char HASHCODE_UPPER = 'H';
4504
4505 static final char LINE_SEPARATOR = 'n';
4506 static final char PERCENT_SIGN = '%';
4507
4508 static boolean isValid(char c) {
4509 return (isGeneral(c) || isInteger(c) || isFloat(c) || isText(c)
4510 || c == 't' || isCharacter(c));
4511 }
4512
4513 // Returns true iff the Conversion is applicable to all objects.
4514 static boolean isGeneral(char c) {
4515 switch (c) {
4516 case BOOLEAN:
4517 case BOOLEAN_UPPER:
4518 case STRING:
4519 case STRING_UPPER:
4520 case HASHCODE:
4521 case HASHCODE_UPPER:
4522 return true;
4523 default:
4524 return false;
4525 }
4526 }
4527
4528 // Returns true iff the Conversion is applicable to character.
4529 static boolean isCharacter(char c) {
4530 switch (c) {
4531 case CHARACTER:
4532 case CHARACTER_UPPER:
4533 return true;
4534 default:
4535 return false;
4536 }
4537 }
4538
4539 // Returns true iff the Conversion is an integer type.
4540 static boolean isInteger(char c) {
4541 switch (c) {
4542 case DECIMAL_INTEGER:
4543 case OCTAL_INTEGER:
4544 case HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER:
4545 case HEXADECIMAL_INTEGER_UPPER:
4546 return true;
4547 default:
4548 return false;
4549 }
4550 }
4551
4552 // Returns true iff the Conversion is a floating-point type.
4553 static boolean isFloat(char c) {
4554 switch (c) {
4555 case SCIENTIFIC:
4556 case SCIENTIFIC_UPPER:
4557 case GENERAL:
4558 case GENERAL_UPPER:
4559 case DECIMAL_FLOAT:
4560 case HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT:
4561 case HEXADECIMAL_FLOAT_UPPER:
4562 return true;
4563 default:
4564 return false;
4565 }
4566 }
4567
4568 // Returns true iff the Conversion does not require an argument
4569 static boolean isText(char c) {
4570 switch (c) {
4571 case LINE_SEPARATOR:
4572 case PERCENT_SIGN:
4573 return true;
4574 default:
4575 return false;
4576 }
4577 }
4578 }
4579
4580 private static class DateTime {
4581 static final char HOUR_OF_DAY_0 = 'H'; // (00 - 23)
4582 static final char HOUR_0 = 'I'; // (01 - 12)
4583 static final char HOUR_OF_DAY = 'k'; // (0 - 23) -- like H
4584 static final char HOUR = 'l'; // (1 - 12) -- like I
4585 static final char MINUTE = 'M'; // (00 - 59)
4586 static final char NANOSECOND = 'N'; // (000000000 - 999999999)
4587 static final char MILLISECOND = 'L'; // jdk, not in gnu (000 - 999)
4588 static final char MILLISECOND_SINCE_EPOCH = 'Q'; // (0 - 99...?)
4589 static final char AM_PM = 'p'; // (am or pm)
4590 static final char SECONDS_SINCE_EPOCH = 's'; // (0 - 99...?)
4591 static final char SECOND = 'S'; // (00 - 60 - leap second)
4592 static final char TIME = 'T'; // (24 hour hh:mm:ss)
4593 static final char ZONE_NUMERIC = 'z'; // (-1200 - +1200) - ls minus?
4594 static final char ZONE = 'Z'; // (symbol)
4595
4596 // Date
4597 static final char NAME_OF_DAY_ABBREV = 'a'; // 'a'
4598 static final char NAME_OF_DAY = 'A'; // 'A'
4599 static final char NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV = 'b'; // 'b'
4600 static final char NAME_OF_MONTH = 'B'; // 'B'
4601 static final char CENTURY = 'C'; // (00 - 99)
4602 static final char DAY_OF_MONTH_0 = 'd'; // (01 - 31)
4603 static final char DAY_OF_MONTH = 'e'; // (1 - 31) -- like d
4604 // * static final char ISO_WEEK_OF_YEAR_2 = 'g'; // cross %y %V
4605 // * static final char ISO_WEEK_OF_YEAR_4 = 'G'; // cross %Y %V
4606 static final char NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV_X = 'h'; // -- same b
4607 static final char DAY_OF_YEAR = 'j'; // (001 - 366)
4608 static final char MONTH = 'm'; // (01 - 12)
4609 // * static final char DAY_OF_WEEK_1 = 'u'; // (1 - 7) Monday
4610 // * static final char WEEK_OF_YEAR_SUNDAY = 'U'; // (0 - 53) Sunday+
4611 // * static final char WEEK_OF_YEAR_MONDAY_01 = 'V'; // (01 - 53) Monday+
4612 // * static final char DAY_OF_WEEK_0 = 'w'; // (0 - 6) Sunday
4613 // * static final char WEEK_OF_YEAR_MONDAY = 'W'; // (00 - 53) Monday
4614 static final char YEAR_2 = 'y'; // (00 - 99)
4615 static final char YEAR_4 = 'Y'; // (0000 - 9999)
4616
4617 // Composites
4618 static final char TIME_12_HOUR = 'r'; // (hh:mm:ss [AP]M)
4619 static final char TIME_24_HOUR = 'R'; // (hh:mm same as %H:%M)
4620 // * static final char LOCALE_TIME = 'X'; // (%H:%M:%S) - parse format?
4621 static final char DATE_TIME = 'c';
4622 // (Sat Nov 04 12:02:33 EST 1999)
4623 static final char DATE = 'D'; // (mm/dd/yy)
4624 static final char ISO_STANDARD_DATE = 'F'; // (%Y-%m-%d)
4625 // * static final char LOCALE_DATE = 'x'; // (mm/dd/yy)
4626
4627 static boolean isValid(char c) {
4628 switch (c) {
4629 case HOUR_OF_DAY_0:
4630 case HOUR_0:
4631 case HOUR_OF_DAY:
4632 case HOUR:
4633 case MINUTE:
4634 case NANOSECOND:
4635 case MILLISECOND:
4636 case MILLISECOND_SINCE_EPOCH:
4637 case AM_PM:
4638 case SECONDS_SINCE_EPOCH:
4639 case SECOND:
4640 case TIME:
4641 case ZONE_NUMERIC:
4642 case ZONE:
4643
4644 // Date
4645 case NAME_OF_DAY_ABBREV:
4646 case NAME_OF_DAY:
4647 case NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV:
4648 case NAME_OF_MONTH:
4649 case CENTURY:
4650 case DAY_OF_MONTH_0:
4651 case DAY_OF_MONTH:
4652 // * case ISO_WEEK_OF_YEAR_2:
4653 // * case ISO_WEEK_OF_YEAR_4:
4654 case NAME_OF_MONTH_ABBREV_X:
4655 case DAY_OF_YEAR:
4656 case MONTH:
4657 // * case DAY_OF_WEEK_1:
4658 // * case WEEK_OF_YEAR_SUNDAY:
4659 // * case WEEK_OF_YEAR_MONDAY_01:
4660 // * case DAY_OF_WEEK_0:
4661 // * case WEEK_OF_YEAR_MONDAY:
4662 case YEAR_2:
4663 case YEAR_4:
4664
4665 // Composites
4666 case TIME_12_HOUR:
4667 case TIME_24_HOUR:
4668 // * case LOCALE_TIME:
4669 case DATE_TIME:
4670 case DATE:
4671 case ISO_STANDARD_DATE:
4672 // * case LOCALE_DATE:
4673 return true;
4674 default:
4675 return false;
4676 }
4677 }
4678 }
4679 }