1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.util;
  27 
  28 import java.io.IOException;
  29 import java.io.PrintStream;
  30 import java.io.PrintWriter;
  31 import java.io.InputStream;
  32 import java.io.OutputStream;
  33 import java.io.Reader;
  34 import java.io.Writer;
  35 import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
  36 import java.io.BufferedWriter;
  37 import java.io.ObjectInputStream;
  38 import java.io.ObjectOutputStream;
  39 import java.io.StreamCorruptedException;
  40 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
  41 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
  42 import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
  43 import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException;
  44 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap;
  45 import java.util.function.BiConsumer;
  46 import java.util.function.BiFunction;
  47 import java.util.function.Function;
  48 
  49 import jdk.internal.misc.SharedSecrets;
  50 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
  51 import jdk.internal.util.xml.PropertiesDefaultHandler;
  52 
  53 /**
  54  * The {@code Properties} class represents a persistent set of
  55  * properties. The {@code Properties} can be saved to a stream
  56  * or loaded from a stream. Each key and its corresponding value in
  57  * the property list is a string.
  58  * <p>
  59  * A property list can contain another property list as its
  60  * "defaults"; this second property list is searched if
  61  * the property key is not found in the original property list.
  62  * <p>
  63  * Because {@code Properties} inherits from {@code Hashtable}, the
  64  * {@code put} and {@code putAll} methods can be applied to a
  65  * {@code Properties} object.  Their use is strongly discouraged as they
  66  * allow the caller to insert entries whose keys or values are not
  67  * {@code Strings}.  The {@code setProperty} method should be used
  68  * instead.  If the {@code store} or {@code save} method is called
  69  * on a "compromised" {@code Properties} object that contains a
  70  * non-{@code String} key or value, the call will fail. Similarly,
  71  * the call to the {@code propertyNames} or {@code list} method
  72  * will fail if it is called on a "compromised" {@code Properties}
  73  * object that contains a non-{@code String} key.
  74  *
  75  * <p>
  76  * The iterators returned by the {@code iterator} method of this class's
  77  * "collection views" (that is, {@code entrySet()}, {@code keySet()}, and
  78  * {@code values()}) may not fail-fast (unlike the Hashtable implementation).
  79  * These iterators are guaranteed to traverse elements as they existed upon
  80  * construction exactly once, and may (but are not guaranteed to) reflect any
  81  * modifications subsequent to construction.
  82  * <p>
  83  * The {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)} {@code /}
  84  * {@link #store(java.io.Writer, java.lang.String) store(Writer, String)}
  85  * methods load and store properties from and to a character based stream
  86  * in a simple line-oriented format specified below.
  87  *
  88  * The {@link #load(java.io.InputStream) load(InputStream)} {@code /}
  89  * {@link #store(java.io.OutputStream, java.lang.String) store(OutputStream, String)}
  90  * methods work the same way as the load(Reader)/store(Writer, String) pair, except
  91  * the input/output stream is encoded in ISO 8859-1 character encoding.
  92  * Characters that cannot be directly represented in this encoding can be written using
  93  * Unicode escapes as defined in section 3.3 of
  94  * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>;
  95  * only a single 'u' character is allowed in an escape
  96  * sequence.
  97  *
  98  * <p> The {@link #loadFromXML(InputStream)} and {@link
  99  * #storeToXML(OutputStream, String, String)} methods load and store properties
 100  * in a simple XML format.  By default the UTF-8 character encoding is used,
 101  * however a specific encoding may be specified if required. Implementations
 102  * are required to support UTF-8 and UTF-16 and may support other encodings.
 103  * An XML properties document has the following DOCTYPE declaration:
 104  *
 105  * <pre>
 106  * &lt;!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"&gt;
 107  * </pre>
 108  * Note that the system URI (http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd) is
 109  * <i>not</i> accessed when exporting or importing properties; it merely
 110  * serves as a string to uniquely identify the DTD, which is:
 111  * <pre>
 112  *    &lt;?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?&gt;
 113  *
 114  *    &lt;!-- DTD for properties --&gt;
 115  *
 116  *    &lt;!ELEMENT properties ( comment?, entry* ) &gt;
 117  *
 118  *    &lt;!ATTLIST properties version CDATA #FIXED "1.0"&gt;
 119  *
 120  *    &lt;!ELEMENT comment (#PCDATA) &gt;
 121  *
 122  *    &lt;!ELEMENT entry (#PCDATA) &gt;
 123  *
 124  *    &lt;!ATTLIST entry key CDATA #REQUIRED&gt;
 125  * </pre>
 126  *
 127  * <p>This class is thread-safe: multiple threads can share a single
 128  * {@code Properties} object without the need for external synchronization.
 129  *
 130  * @apiNote
 131  * The {@code Properties} class does not inherit the concept of a load factor
 132  * from its superclass, {@code Hashtable}.
 133  *
 134  * @author  Arthur van Hoff
 135  * @author  Michael McCloskey
 136  * @author  Xueming Shen
 137  * @since   1.0
 138  */
 139 public
 140 class Properties extends Hashtable<Object,Object> {
 141     /**
 142      * use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1.X for interoperability
 143      */
 144     private static final long serialVersionUID = 4112578634029874840L;
 145 
 146     private static final Unsafe UNSAFE = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
 147 
 148     /**
 149      * A property list that contains default values for any keys not
 150      * found in this property list.
 151      *
 152      * @serial
 153      */
 154     protected volatile Properties defaults;
 155 
 156     /**
 157      * Properties does not store values in its inherited Hashtable, but instead
 158      * in an internal ConcurrentHashMap.  Synchronization is omitted from
 159      * simple read operations.  Writes and bulk operations remain synchronized,
 160      * as in Hashtable.
 161      */
 162     private transient volatile ConcurrentHashMap<Object, Object> map;
 163 
 164     /**
 165      * Creates an empty property list with no default values.
 166      *
 167      * @implNote The initial capacity of a {@code Properties} object created
 168      * with this constructor is unspecified.
 169      */
 170     public Properties() {
 171         this(null, 8);
 172     }
 173 
 174     /**
 175      * Creates an empty property list with no default values, and with an
 176      * initial size accommodating the specified number of elements without the
 177      * need to dynamically resize.
 178      *
 179      * @param  initialCapacity the {@code Properties} will be sized to
 180      *         accommodate this many elements
 181      * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the initial capacity is less than
 182      *         zero.
 183      */
 184     public Properties(int initialCapacity) {
 185         this(null, initialCapacity);
 186     }
 187 
 188     /**
 189      * Creates an empty property list with the specified defaults.
 190      *
 191      * @implNote The initial capacity of a {@code Properties} object created
 192      * with this constructor is unspecified.
 193      *
 194      * @param   defaults   the defaults.
 195      */
 196     public Properties(Properties defaults) {
 197         this(defaults, 8);
 198     }
 199 
 200     private Properties(Properties defaults, int initialCapacity) {
 201         // use package-private constructor to
 202         // initialize unused fields with dummy values
 203         super((Void) null);
 204         map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(initialCapacity);
 205         this.defaults = defaults;
 206 
 207         // Ensure writes can't be reordered
 208         UNSAFE.storeFence();
 209     }
 210 
 211     /**
 212      * Calls the {@code Hashtable} method {@code put}. Provided for
 213      * parallelism with the {@code getProperty} method. Enforces use of
 214      * strings for property keys and values. The value returned is the
 215      * result of the {@code Hashtable} call to {@code put}.
 216      *
 217      * @param key the key to be placed into this property list.
 218      * @param value the value corresponding to {@code key}.
 219      * @return     the previous value of the specified key in this property
 220      *             list, or {@code null} if it did not have one.
 221      * @see #getProperty
 222      * @since    1.2
 223      */
 224     public synchronized Object setProperty(String key, String value) {
 225         return put(key, value);
 226     }
 227 
 228 
 229     /**
 230      * Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input
 231      * character stream in a simple line-oriented format.
 232      * <p>
 233      * Properties are processed in terms of lines. There are two
 234      * kinds of line, <i>natural lines</i> and <i>logical lines</i>.
 235      * A natural line is defined as a line of
 236      * characters that is terminated either by a set of line terminator
 237      * characters ({@code \n} or {@code \r} or {@code \r\n})
 238      * or by the end of the stream. A natural line may be either a blank line,
 239      * a comment line, or hold all or some of a key-element pair. A logical
 240      * line holds all the data of a key-element pair, which may be spread
 241      * out across several adjacent natural lines by escaping
 242      * the line terminator sequence with a backslash character
 243      * {@code \}.  Note that a comment line cannot be extended
 244      * in this manner; every natural line that is a comment must have
 245      * its own comment indicator, as described below. Lines are read from
 246      * input until the end of the stream is reached.
 247      *
 248      * <p>
 249      * A natural line that contains only white space characters is
 250      * considered blank and is ignored.  A comment line has an ASCII
 251      * {@code '#'} or {@code '!'} as its first non-white
 252      * space character; comment lines are also ignored and do not
 253      * encode key-element information.  In addition to line
 254      * terminators, this format considers the characters space
 255      * ({@code ' '}, {@code '\u005Cu0020'}), tab
 256      * ({@code '\t'}, {@code '\u005Cu0009'}), and form feed
 257      * ({@code '\f'}, {@code '\u005Cu000C'}) to be white
 258      * space.
 259      *
 260      * <p>
 261      * If a logical line is spread across several natural lines, the
 262      * backslash escaping the line terminator sequence, the line
 263      * terminator sequence, and any white space at the start of the
 264      * following line have no affect on the key or element values.
 265      * The remainder of the discussion of key and element parsing
 266      * (when loading) will assume all the characters constituting
 267      * the key and element appear on a single natural line after
 268      * line continuation characters have been removed.  Note that
 269      * it is <i>not</i> sufficient to only examine the character
 270      * preceding a line terminator sequence to decide if the line
 271      * terminator is escaped; there must be an odd number of
 272      * contiguous backslashes for the line terminator to be escaped.
 273      * Since the input is processed from left to right, a
 274      * non-zero even number of 2<i>n</i> contiguous backslashes
 275      * before a line terminator (or elsewhere) encodes <i>n</i>
 276      * backslashes after escape processing.
 277      *
 278      * <p>
 279      * The key contains all of the characters in the line starting
 280      * with the first non-white space character and up to, but not
 281      * including, the first unescaped {@code '='},
 282      * {@code ':'}, or white space character other than a line
 283      * terminator. All of these key termination characters may be
 284      * included in the key by escaping them with a preceding backslash
 285      * character; for example,<p>
 286      *
 287      * {@code \:\=}<p>
 288      *
 289      * would be the two-character key {@code ":="}.  Line
 290      * terminator characters can be included using {@code \r} and
 291      * {@code \n} escape sequences.  Any white space after the
 292      * key is skipped; if the first non-white space character after
 293      * the key is {@code '='} or {@code ':'}, then it is
 294      * ignored and any white space characters after it are also
 295      * skipped.  All remaining characters on the line become part of
 296      * the associated element string; if there are no remaining
 297      * characters, the element is the empty string
 298      * {@code ""}.  Once the raw character sequences
 299      * constituting the key and element are identified, escape
 300      * processing is performed as described above.
 301      *
 302      * <p>
 303      * As an example, each of the following three lines specifies the key
 304      * {@code "Truth"} and the associated element value
 305      * {@code "Beauty"}:
 306      * <pre>
 307      * Truth = Beauty
 308      *  Truth:Beauty
 309      * Truth                    :Beauty
 310      * </pre>
 311      * As another example, the following three lines specify a single
 312      * property:
 313      * <pre>
 314      * fruits                           apple, banana, pear, \
 315      *                                  cantaloupe, watermelon, \
 316      *                                  kiwi, mango
 317      * </pre>
 318      * The key is {@code "fruits"} and the associated element is:
 319      * <pre>"apple, banana, pear, cantaloupe, watermelon, kiwi, mango"</pre>
 320      * Note that a space appears before each {@code \} so that a space
 321      * will appear after each comma in the final result; the {@code \},
 322      * line terminator, and leading white space on the continuation line are
 323      * merely discarded and are <i>not</i> replaced by one or more other
 324      * characters.
 325      * <p>
 326      * As a third example, the line:
 327      * <pre>cheeses
 328      * </pre>
 329      * specifies that the key is {@code "cheeses"} and the associated
 330      * element is the empty string {@code ""}.
 331      * <p>
 332      * <a id="unicodeescapes"></a>
 333      * Characters in keys and elements can be represented in escape
 334      * sequences similar to those used for character and string literals
 335      * (see sections 3.3 and 3.10.6 of
 336      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>).
 337      *
 338      * The differences from the character escape sequences and Unicode
 339      * escapes used for characters and strings are:
 340      *
 341      * <ul>
 342      * <li> Octal escapes are not recognized.
 343      *
 344      * <li> The character sequence {@code \b} does <i>not</i>
 345      * represent a backspace character.
 346      *
 347      * <li> The method does not treat a backslash character,
 348      * {@code \}, before a non-valid escape character as an
 349      * error; the backslash is silently dropped.  For example, in a
 350      * Java string the sequence {@code "\z"} would cause a
 351      * compile time error.  In contrast, this method silently drops
 352      * the backslash.  Therefore, this method treats the two character
 353      * sequence {@code "\b"} as equivalent to the single
 354      * character {@code 'b'}.
 355      *
 356      * <li> Escapes are not necessary for single and double quotes;
 357      * however, by the rule above, single and double quote characters
 358      * preceded by a backslash still yield single and double quote
 359      * characters, respectively.
 360      *
 361      * <li> Only a single 'u' character is allowed in a Unicode escape
 362      * sequence.
 363      *
 364      * </ul>
 365      * <p>
 366      * The specified stream remains open after this method returns.
 367      *
 368      * @param   reader   the input character stream.
 369      * @throws  IOException  if an error occurred when reading from the
 370      *          input stream.
 371      * @throws  IllegalArgumentException if a malformed Unicode escape
 372      *          appears in the input.
 373      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code reader} is null.
 374      * @since   1.6
 375      */
 376     public synchronized void load(Reader reader) throws IOException {
 377         Objects.requireNonNull(reader, "reader parameter is null");
 378         load0(new LineReader(reader));
 379     }
 380 
 381     /**
 382      * Reads a property list (key and element pairs) from the input
 383      * byte stream. The input stream is in a simple line-oriented
 384      * format as specified in
 385      * {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)} and is assumed to use
 386      * the ISO 8859-1 character encoding; that is each byte is one Latin1
 387      * character. Characters not in Latin1, and certain special characters,
 388      * are represented in keys and elements using Unicode escapes as defined in
 389      * section 3.3 of
 390      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 391      * <p>
 392      * The specified stream remains open after this method returns.
 393      *
 394      * @param      inStream   the input stream.
 395      * @exception  IOException  if an error occurred when reading from the
 396      *             input stream.
 397      * @throws     IllegalArgumentException if the input stream contains a
 398      *             malformed Unicode escape sequence.
 399      * @throws     NullPointerException if {@code inStream} is null.
 400      * @since 1.2
 401      */
 402     public synchronized void load(InputStream inStream) throws IOException {
 403         Objects.requireNonNull(inStream, "inStream parameter is null");
 404         load0(new LineReader(inStream));
 405     }
 406 
 407     private void load0 (LineReader lr) throws IOException {
 408         char[] convtBuf = new char[1024];
 409         int limit;
 410         int keyLen;
 411         int valueStart;
 412         char c;
 413         boolean hasSep;
 414         boolean precedingBackslash;
 415 
 416         while ((limit = lr.readLine()) >= 0) {
 417             c = 0;
 418             keyLen = 0;
 419             valueStart = limit;
 420             hasSep = false;
 421 
 422             //System.out.println("line=<" + new String(lineBuf, 0, limit) + ">");
 423             precedingBackslash = false;
 424             while (keyLen < limit) {
 425                 c = lr.lineBuf[keyLen];
 426                 //need check if escaped.
 427                 if ((c == '=' ||  c == ':') && !precedingBackslash) {
 428                     valueStart = keyLen + 1;
 429                     hasSep = true;
 430                     break;
 431                 } else if ((c == ' ' || c == '\t' ||  c == '\f') && !precedingBackslash) {
 432                     valueStart = keyLen + 1;
 433                     break;
 434                 }
 435                 if (c == '\\') {
 436                     precedingBackslash = !precedingBackslash;
 437                 } else {
 438                     precedingBackslash = false;
 439                 }
 440                 keyLen++;
 441             }
 442             while (valueStart < limit) {
 443                 c = lr.lineBuf[valueStart];
 444                 if (c != ' ' && c != '\t' &&  c != '\f') {
 445                     if (!hasSep && (c == '=' ||  c == ':')) {
 446                         hasSep = true;
 447                     } else {
 448                         break;
 449                     }
 450                 }
 451                 valueStart++;
 452             }
 453             String key = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, 0, keyLen, convtBuf);
 454             String value = loadConvert(lr.lineBuf, valueStart, limit - valueStart, convtBuf);
 455             put(key, value);
 456         }
 457     }
 458 
 459     /* Read in a "logical line" from an InputStream/Reader, skip all comment
 460      * and blank lines and filter out those leading whitespace characters
 461      * (\u0020, \u0009 and \u000c) from the beginning of a "natural line".
 462      * Method returns the char length of the "logical line" and stores
 463      * the line in "lineBuf".
 464      */
 465     class LineReader {
 466         public LineReader(InputStream inStream) {
 467             this.inStream = inStream;
 468             inByteBuf = new byte[8192];
 469         }
 470 
 471         public LineReader(Reader reader) {
 472             this.reader = reader;
 473             inCharBuf = new char[8192];
 474         }
 475 
 476         byte[] inByteBuf;
 477         char[] inCharBuf;
 478         char[] lineBuf = new char[1024];
 479         int inLimit = 0;
 480         int inOff = 0;
 481         InputStream inStream;
 482         Reader reader;
 483 
 484         int readLine() throws IOException {
 485             int len = 0;
 486             char c = 0;
 487 
 488             boolean skipWhiteSpace = true;
 489             boolean isCommentLine = false;
 490             boolean isNewLine = true;
 491             boolean appendedLineBegin = false;
 492             boolean precedingBackslash = false;
 493             boolean skipLF = false;
 494 
 495             while (true) {
 496                 if (inOff >= inLimit) {
 497                     inLimit = (inStream==null)?reader.read(inCharBuf)
 498                                               :inStream.read(inByteBuf);
 499                     inOff = 0;
 500                     if (inLimit <= 0) {
 501                         if (len == 0 || isCommentLine) {
 502                             return -1;
 503                         }
 504                         if (precedingBackslash) {
 505                             len--;
 506                         }
 507                         return len;
 508                     }
 509                 }
 510                 if (inStream != null) {
 511                     //The line below is equivalent to calling a
 512                     //ISO8859-1 decoder.
 513                     c = (char)(inByteBuf[inOff++] & 0xFF);
 514                 } else {
 515                     c = inCharBuf[inOff++];
 516                 }
 517                 if (skipLF) {
 518                     skipLF = false;
 519                     if (c == '\n') {
 520                         continue;
 521                     }
 522                 }
 523                 if (skipWhiteSpace) {
 524                     if (c == ' ' || c == '\t' || c == '\f') {
 525                         continue;
 526                     }
 527                     if (!appendedLineBegin && (c == '\r' || c == '\n')) {
 528                         continue;
 529                     }
 530                     skipWhiteSpace = false;
 531                     appendedLineBegin = false;
 532                 }
 533                 if (isNewLine) {
 534                     isNewLine = false;
 535                     if (c == '#' || c == '!') {
 536                         // Comment, quickly consume the rest of the line,
 537                         // resume on line-break and backslash.
 538                         if (inStream != null) {
 539                             while (inOff < inLimit) {
 540                                 byte b = inByteBuf[inOff++];
 541                                 if (b == '\n' || b == '\r' || b == '\\') {
 542                                     c = (char)(b & 0xFF);
 543                                     break;
 544                                 }
 545                             }
 546                         } else {
 547                             while (inOff < inLimit) {
 548                                 c = inCharBuf[inOff++];
 549                                 if (c == '\n' || c == '\r' || c == '\\') {
 550                                     break;
 551                                 }
 552                             }
 553                         }
 554                         isCommentLine = true;
 555                     }
 556                 }
 557 
 558                 if (c != '\n' && c != '\r') {
 559                     lineBuf[len++] = c;
 560                     if (len == lineBuf.length) {
 561                         int newLength = lineBuf.length * 2;
 562                         if (newLength < 0) {
 563                             newLength = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 564                         }
 565                         char[] buf = new char[newLength];
 566                         System.arraycopy(lineBuf, 0, buf, 0, lineBuf.length);
 567                         lineBuf = buf;
 568                     }
 569                     //flip the preceding backslash flag
 570                     if (c == '\\') {
 571                         precedingBackslash = !precedingBackslash;
 572                     } else {
 573                         precedingBackslash = false;
 574                     }
 575                 }
 576                 else {
 577                     // reached EOL
 578                     if (isCommentLine || len == 0) {
 579                         isCommentLine = false;
 580                         isNewLine = true;
 581                         skipWhiteSpace = true;
 582                         len = 0;
 583                         continue;
 584                     }
 585                     if (inOff >= inLimit) {
 586                         inLimit = (inStream==null)
 587                                   ?reader.read(inCharBuf)
 588                                   :inStream.read(inByteBuf);
 589                         inOff = 0;
 590                         if (inLimit <= 0) {
 591                             if (precedingBackslash) {
 592                                 len--;
 593                             }
 594                             return len;
 595                         }
 596                     }
 597                     if (precedingBackslash) {
 598                         len -= 1;
 599                         //skip the leading whitespace characters in following line
 600                         skipWhiteSpace = true;
 601                         appendedLineBegin = true;
 602                         precedingBackslash = false;
 603                         if (c == '\r') {
 604                             skipLF = true;
 605                         }
 606                     } else {
 607                         return len;
 608                     }
 609                 }
 610             }
 611         }
 612     }
 613 
 614     /*
 615      * Converts encoded \uxxxx to unicode chars
 616      * and changes special saved chars to their original forms
 617      */
 618     private String loadConvert (char[] in, int off, int len, char[] convtBuf) {
 619         if (convtBuf.length < len) {
 620             int newLen = len * 2;
 621             if (newLen < 0) {
 622                 newLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 623             }
 624             convtBuf = new char[newLen];
 625         }
 626         char aChar;
 627         char[] out = convtBuf;
 628         int outLen = 0;
 629         int end = off + len;
 630 
 631         while (off < end) {
 632             aChar = in[off++];
 633             if (aChar == '\\') {
 634                 aChar = in[off++];
 635                 if(aChar == 'u') {
 636                     // Read the xxxx
 637                     int value=0;
 638                     for (int i=0; i<4; i++) {
 639                         aChar = in[off++];
 640                         switch (aChar) {
 641                           case '0': case '1': case '2': case '3': case '4':
 642                           case '5': case '6': case '7': case '8': case '9':
 643                              value = (value << 4) + aChar - '0';
 644                              break;
 645                           case 'a': case 'b': case 'c':
 646                           case 'd': case 'e': case 'f':
 647                              value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'a';
 648                              break;
 649                           case 'A': case 'B': case 'C':
 650                           case 'D': case 'E': case 'F':
 651                              value = (value << 4) + 10 + aChar - 'A';
 652                              break;
 653                           default:
 654                               throw new IllegalArgumentException(
 655                                            "Malformed \\uxxxx encoding.");
 656                         }
 657                      }
 658                     out[outLen++] = (char)value;
 659                 } else {
 660                     if (aChar == 't') aChar = '\t';
 661                     else if (aChar == 'r') aChar = '\r';
 662                     else if (aChar == 'n') aChar = '\n';
 663                     else if (aChar == 'f') aChar = '\f';
 664                     out[outLen++] = aChar;
 665                 }
 666             } else {
 667                 out[outLen++] = aChar;
 668             }
 669         }
 670         return new String (out, 0, outLen);
 671     }
 672 
 673     /*
 674      * Converts unicodes to encoded \uxxxx and escapes
 675      * special characters with a preceding slash
 676      */
 677     private String saveConvert(String theString,
 678                                boolean escapeSpace,
 679                                boolean escapeUnicode) {
 680         int len = theString.length();
 681         int bufLen = len * 2;
 682         if (bufLen < 0) {
 683             bufLen = Integer.MAX_VALUE;
 684         }
 685         StringBuilder outBuffer = new StringBuilder(bufLen);
 686 
 687         for(int x=0; x<len; x++) {
 688             char aChar = theString.charAt(x);
 689             // Handle common case first, selecting largest block that
 690             // avoids the specials below
 691             if ((aChar > 61) && (aChar < 127)) {
 692                 if (aChar == '\\') {
 693                     outBuffer.append('\\'); outBuffer.append('\\');
 694                     continue;
 695                 }
 696                 outBuffer.append(aChar);
 697                 continue;
 698             }
 699             switch(aChar) {
 700                 case ' ':
 701                     if (x == 0 || escapeSpace)
 702                         outBuffer.append('\\');
 703                     outBuffer.append(' ');
 704                     break;
 705                 case '\t':outBuffer.append('\\'); outBuffer.append('t');
 706                           break;
 707                 case '\n':outBuffer.append('\\'); outBuffer.append('n');
 708                           break;
 709                 case '\r':outBuffer.append('\\'); outBuffer.append('r');
 710                           break;
 711                 case '\f':outBuffer.append('\\'); outBuffer.append('f');
 712                           break;
 713                 case '=': // Fall through
 714                 case ':': // Fall through
 715                 case '#': // Fall through
 716                 case '!':
 717                     outBuffer.append('\\'); outBuffer.append(aChar);
 718                     break;
 719                 default:
 720                     if (((aChar < 0x0020) || (aChar > 0x007e)) & escapeUnicode ) {
 721                         outBuffer.append('\\');
 722                         outBuffer.append('u');
 723                         outBuffer.append(toHex((aChar >> 12) & 0xF));
 724                         outBuffer.append(toHex((aChar >>  8) & 0xF));
 725                         outBuffer.append(toHex((aChar >>  4) & 0xF));
 726                         outBuffer.append(toHex( aChar        & 0xF));
 727                     } else {
 728                         outBuffer.append(aChar);
 729                     }
 730             }
 731         }
 732         return outBuffer.toString();
 733     }
 734 
 735     private static void writeComments(BufferedWriter bw, String comments)
 736         throws IOException {
 737         bw.write("#");
 738         int len = comments.length();
 739         int current = 0;
 740         int last = 0;
 741         char[] uu = new char[6];
 742         uu[0] = '\\';
 743         uu[1] = 'u';
 744         while (current < len) {
 745             char c = comments.charAt(current);
 746             if (c > '\u00ff' || c == '\n' || c == '\r') {
 747                 if (last != current)
 748                     bw.write(comments.substring(last, current));
 749                 if (c > '\u00ff') {
 750                     uu[2] = toHex((c >> 12) & 0xf);
 751                     uu[3] = toHex((c >>  8) & 0xf);
 752                     uu[4] = toHex((c >>  4) & 0xf);
 753                     uu[5] = toHex( c        & 0xf);
 754                     bw.write(new String(uu));
 755                 } else {
 756                     bw.newLine();
 757                     if (c == '\r' &&
 758                         current != len - 1 &&
 759                         comments.charAt(current + 1) == '\n') {
 760                         current++;
 761                     }
 762                     if (current == len - 1 ||
 763                         (comments.charAt(current + 1) != '#' &&
 764                         comments.charAt(current + 1) != '!'))
 765                         bw.write("#");
 766                 }
 767                 last = current + 1;
 768             }
 769             current++;
 770         }
 771         if (last != current)
 772             bw.write(comments.substring(last, current));
 773         bw.newLine();
 774     }
 775 
 776     /**
 777      * Calls the {@code store(OutputStream out, String comments)} method
 778      * and suppresses IOExceptions that were thrown.
 779      *
 780      * @deprecated This method does not throw an IOException if an I/O error
 781      * occurs while saving the property list.  The preferred way to save a
 782      * properties list is via the {@code store(OutputStream out,
 783      * String comments)} method or the
 784      * {@code storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment)} method.
 785      *
 786      * @param   out      an output stream.
 787      * @param   comments   a description of the property list.
 788      * @exception  ClassCastException  if this {@code Properties} object
 789      *             contains any keys or values that are not
 790      *             {@code Strings}.
 791      */
 792     @Deprecated
 793     public void save(OutputStream out, String comments)  {
 794         try {
 795             store(out, comments);
 796         } catch (IOException e) {
 797         }
 798     }
 799 
 800     /**
 801      * Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this
 802      * {@code Properties} table to the output character stream in a
 803      * format suitable for using the {@link #load(java.io.Reader) load(Reader)}
 804      * method.
 805      * <p>
 806      * Properties from the defaults table of this {@code Properties}
 807      * table (if any) are <i>not</i> written out by this method.
 808      * <p>
 809      * If the comments argument is not null, then an ASCII {@code #}
 810      * character, the comments string, and a line separator are first written
 811      * to the output stream. Thus, the {@code comments} can serve as an
 812      * identifying comment. Any one of a line feed ('\n'), a carriage
 813      * return ('\r'), or a carriage return followed immediately by a line feed
 814      * in comments is replaced by a line separator generated by the {@code Writer}
 815      * and if the next character in comments is not character {@code #} or
 816      * character {@code !} then an ASCII {@code #} is written out
 817      * after that line separator.
 818      * <p>
 819      * Next, a comment line is always written, consisting of an ASCII
 820      * {@code #} character, the current date and time (as if produced
 821      * by the {@code toString} method of {@code Date} for the
 822      * current time), and a line separator as generated by the {@code Writer}.
 823      * <p>
 824      * Then every entry in this {@code Properties} table is
 825      * written out, one per line. For each entry the key string is
 826      * written, then an ASCII {@code =}, then the associated
 827      * element string. For the key, all space characters are
 828      * written with a preceding {@code \} character.  For the
 829      * element, leading space characters, but not embedded or trailing
 830      * space characters, are written with a preceding {@code \}
 831      * character. The key and element characters {@code #},
 832      * {@code !}, {@code =}, and {@code :} are written
 833      * with a preceding backslash to ensure that they are properly loaded.
 834      * <p>
 835      * After the entries have been written, the output stream is flushed.
 836      * The output stream remains open after this method returns.
 837      *
 838      * @param   writer      an output character stream writer.
 839      * @param   comments   a description of the property list.
 840      * @exception  IOException if writing this property list to the specified
 841      *             output stream throws an {@code IOException}.
 842      * @exception  ClassCastException  if this {@code Properties} object
 843      *             contains any keys or values that are not {@code Strings}.
 844      * @exception  NullPointerException  if {@code writer} is null.
 845      * @since 1.6
 846      */
 847     public void store(Writer writer, String comments)
 848         throws IOException
 849     {
 850         store0((writer instanceof BufferedWriter)?(BufferedWriter)writer
 851                                                  : new BufferedWriter(writer),
 852                comments,
 853                false);
 854     }
 855 
 856     /**
 857      * Writes this property list (key and element pairs) in this
 858      * {@code Properties} table to the output stream in a format suitable
 859      * for loading into a {@code Properties} table using the
 860      * {@link #load(InputStream) load(InputStream)} method.
 861      * <p>
 862      * Properties from the defaults table of this {@code Properties}
 863      * table (if any) are <i>not</i> written out by this method.
 864      * <p>
 865      * This method outputs the comments, properties keys and values in
 866      * the same format as specified in
 867      * {@link #store(java.io.Writer, java.lang.String) store(Writer)},
 868      * with the following differences:
 869      * <ul>
 870      * <li>The stream is written using the ISO 8859-1 character encoding.
 871      *
 872      * <li>Characters not in Latin-1 in the comments are written as
 873      * {@code \u005Cu}<i>xxxx</i> for their appropriate unicode
 874      * hexadecimal value <i>xxxx</i>.
 875      *
 876      * <li>Characters less than {@code \u005Cu0020} and characters greater
 877      * than {@code \u005Cu007E} in property keys or values are written
 878      * as {@code \u005Cu}<i>xxxx</i> for the appropriate hexadecimal
 879      * value <i>xxxx</i>.
 880      * </ul>
 881      * <p>
 882      * After the entries have been written, the output stream is flushed.
 883      * The output stream remains open after this method returns.
 884      *
 885      * @param   out      an output stream.
 886      * @param   comments   a description of the property list.
 887      * @exception  IOException if writing this property list to the specified
 888      *             output stream throws an {@code IOException}.
 889      * @exception  ClassCastException  if this {@code Properties} object
 890      *             contains any keys or values that are not {@code Strings}.
 891      * @exception  NullPointerException  if {@code out} is null.
 892      * @since 1.2
 893      */
 894     public void store(OutputStream out, String comments)
 895         throws IOException
 896     {
 897         store0(new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(out, "8859_1")),
 898                comments,
 899                true);
 900     }
 901 
 902     private void store0(BufferedWriter bw, String comments, boolean escUnicode)
 903         throws IOException
 904     {
 905         if (comments != null) {
 906             writeComments(bw, comments);
 907         }
 908         bw.write("#" + new Date().toString());
 909         bw.newLine();
 910         synchronized (this) {
 911             for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> e : entrySet()) {
 912                 String key = (String)e.getKey();
 913                 String val = (String)e.getValue();
 914                 key = saveConvert(key, true, escUnicode);
 915                 /* No need to escape embedded and trailing spaces for value, hence
 916                  * pass false to flag.
 917                  */
 918                 val = saveConvert(val, false, escUnicode);
 919                 bw.write(key + "=" + val);
 920                 bw.newLine();
 921             }
 922         }
 923         bw.flush();
 924     }
 925 
 926     /**
 927      * Loads all of the properties represented by the XML document on the
 928      * specified input stream into this properties table.
 929      *
 930      * <p>The XML document must have the following DOCTYPE declaration:
 931      * <pre>
 932      * &lt;!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"&gt;
 933      * </pre>
 934      * Furthermore, the document must satisfy the properties DTD described
 935      * above.
 936      *
 937      * <p> An implementation is required to read XML documents that use the
 938      * "{@code UTF-8}" or "{@code UTF-16}" encoding. An implementation may
 939      * support additional encodings.
 940      *
 941      * <p>The specified stream is closed after this method returns.
 942      *
 943      * @param in the input stream from which to read the XML document.
 944      * @throws IOException if reading from the specified input stream
 945      *         results in an {@code IOException}.
 946      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the document's encoding
 947      *         declaration can be read and it specifies an encoding that is not
 948      *         supported
 949      * @throws InvalidPropertiesFormatException Data on input stream does not
 950      *         constitute a valid XML document with the mandated document type.
 951      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code in} is null.
 952      * @see    #storeToXML(OutputStream, String, String)
 953      * @see    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#charencoding">Character
 954      *         Encoding in Entities</a>
 955      * @since 1.5
 956      */
 957     public synchronized void loadFromXML(InputStream in)
 958         throws IOException, InvalidPropertiesFormatException
 959     {
 960         Objects.requireNonNull(in);
 961         PropertiesDefaultHandler handler = new PropertiesDefaultHandler();
 962         handler.load(this, in);
 963         in.close();
 964     }
 965 
 966     /**
 967      * Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained
 968      * in this table.
 969      *
 970      * <p> An invocation of this method of the form {@code props.storeToXML(os,
 971      * comment)} behaves in exactly the same way as the invocation
 972      * {@code props.storeToXML(os, comment, "UTF-8");}.
 973      *
 974      * @param os the output stream on which to emit the XML document.
 975      * @param comment a description of the property list, or {@code null}
 976      *        if no comment is desired.
 977      * @throws IOException if writing to the specified output stream
 978      *         results in an {@code IOException}.
 979      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code os} is null.
 980      * @throws ClassCastException  if this {@code Properties} object
 981      *         contains any keys or values that are not
 982      *         {@code Strings}.
 983      * @see    #loadFromXML(InputStream)
 984      * @since 1.5
 985      */
 986     public void storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment)
 987         throws IOException
 988     {
 989         storeToXML(os, comment, "UTF-8");
 990     }
 991 
 992     /**
 993      * Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained
 994      * in this table, using the specified encoding.
 995      *
 996      * <p>The XML document will have the following DOCTYPE declaration:
 997      * <pre>
 998      * &lt;!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"&gt;
 999      * </pre>
1000      *
1001      * <p>If the specified comment is {@code null} then no comment
1002      * will be stored in the document.
1003      *
1004      * <p> An implementation is required to support writing of XML documents
1005      * that use the "{@code UTF-8}" or "{@code UTF-16}" encoding. An
1006      * implementation may support additional encodings.
1007      *
1008      * <p>The specified stream remains open after this method returns.
1009      *
1010      * <p>This method behaves the same as
1011      * {@linkplain #storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment, Charset charset)}
1012      * except that it will {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset#forName look up the charset}
1013      * using the given encoding name.
1014      *
1015      * @param os        the output stream on which to emit the XML document.
1016      * @param comment   a description of the property list, or {@code null}
1017      *                  if no comment is desired.
1018      * @param  encoding the name of a supported
1019      *                  <a href="../lang/package-summary.html#charenc">
1020      *                  character encoding</a>
1021      *
1022      * @throws IOException if writing to the specified output stream
1023      *         results in an {@code IOException}.
1024      * @throws java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException if the encoding is not
1025      *         supported by the implementation.
1026      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code os} is {@code null},
1027      *         or if {@code encoding} is {@code null}.
1028      * @throws ClassCastException  if this {@code Properties} object
1029      *         contains any keys or values that are not {@code Strings}.
1030      * @see    #loadFromXML(InputStream)
1031      * @see    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#charencoding">Character
1032      *         Encoding in Entities</a>
1033      * @since 1.5
1034      */
1035     public void storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment, String encoding)
1036         throws IOException {
1037         Objects.requireNonNull(os);
1038         Objects.requireNonNull(encoding);
1039 
1040         try {
1041             Charset charset = Charset.forName(encoding);
1042             storeToXML(os, comment, charset);
1043         } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException | UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
1044             throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(encoding);
1045         }
1046     }
1047 
1048     /**
1049      * Emits an XML document representing all of the properties contained
1050      * in this table, using the specified encoding.
1051      *
1052      * <p>The XML document will have the following DOCTYPE declaration:
1053      * <pre>
1054      * &lt;!DOCTYPE properties SYSTEM "http://java.sun.com/dtd/properties.dtd"&gt;
1055      * </pre>
1056      *
1057      * <p>If the specified comment is {@code null} then no comment
1058      * will be stored in the document.
1059      *
1060      * <p> An implementation is required to support writing of XML documents
1061      * that use the "{@code UTF-8}" or "{@code UTF-16}" encoding. An
1062      * implementation may support additional encodings.
1063      *
1064      * <p> Unmappable characters for the specified charset will be encoded as
1065      * numeric character references.
1066      *
1067      * <p>The specified stream remains open after this method returns.
1068      *
1069      * @param os        the output stream on which to emit the XML document.
1070      * @param comment   a description of the property list, or {@code null}
1071      *                  if no comment is desired.
1072      * @param charset   the charset
1073      *
1074      * @throws IOException if writing to the specified output stream
1075      *         results in an {@code IOException}.
1076      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code os} or {@code charset} is {@code null}.
1077      * @throws ClassCastException  if this {@code Properties} object
1078      *         contains any keys or values that are not {@code Strings}.
1079      * @see    #loadFromXML(InputStream)
1080      * @see    <a href="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-xml/#charencoding">Character
1081      *         Encoding in Entities</a>
1082      * @since 10
1083      */
1084     public void storeToXML(OutputStream os, String comment, Charset charset)
1085         throws IOException {
1086         Objects.requireNonNull(os, "OutputStream");
1087         Objects.requireNonNull(charset, "Charset");
1088         PropertiesDefaultHandler handler = new PropertiesDefaultHandler();
1089         handler.store(this, os, comment, charset);
1090     }
1091 
1092     /**
1093      * Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list.
1094      * If the key is not found in this property list, the default property list,
1095      * and its defaults, recursively, are then checked. The method returns
1096      * {@code null} if the property is not found.
1097      *
1098      * @param   key   the property key.
1099      * @return  the value in this property list with the specified key value.
1100      * @see     #setProperty
1101      * @see     #defaults
1102      */
1103     public String getProperty(String key) {
1104         Object oval = map.get(key);
1105         String sval = (oval instanceof String) ? (String)oval : null;
1106         Properties defaults;
1107         return ((sval == null) && ((defaults = this.defaults) != null)) ? defaults.getProperty(key) : sval;
1108     }
1109 
1110     /**
1111      * Searches for the property with the specified key in this property list.
1112      * If the key is not found in this property list, the default property list,
1113      * and its defaults, recursively, are then checked. The method returns the
1114      * default value argument if the property is not found.
1115      *
1116      * @param   key            the hashtable key.
1117      * @param   defaultValue   a default value.
1118      *
1119      * @return  the value in this property list with the specified key value.
1120      * @see     #setProperty
1121      * @see     #defaults
1122      */
1123     public String getProperty(String key, String defaultValue) {
1124         String val = getProperty(key);
1125         return (val == null) ? defaultValue : val;
1126     }
1127 
1128     /**
1129      * Returns an enumeration of all the keys in this property list,
1130      * including distinct keys in the default property list if a key
1131      * of the same name has not already been found from the main
1132      * properties list.
1133      *
1134      * @return  an enumeration of all the keys in this property list, including
1135      *          the keys in the default property list.
1136      * @throws  ClassCastException if any key in this property list
1137      *          is not a string.
1138      * @see     java.util.Enumeration
1139      * @see     java.util.Properties#defaults
1140      * @see     #stringPropertyNames
1141      */
1142     public Enumeration<?> propertyNames() {
1143         Hashtable<String,Object> h = new Hashtable<>();
1144         enumerate(h);
1145         return h.keys();
1146     }
1147 
1148     /**
1149      * Returns an unmodifiable set of keys from this property list
1150      * where the key and its corresponding value are strings,
1151      * including distinct keys in the default property list if a key
1152      * of the same name has not already been found from the main
1153      * properties list.  Properties whose key or value is not
1154      * of type {@code String} are omitted.
1155      * <p>
1156      * The returned set is not backed by this {@code Properties} object.
1157      * Changes to this {@code Properties} object are not reflected in the
1158      * returned set.
1159      *
1160      * @return  an unmodifiable set of keys in this property list where
1161      *          the key and its corresponding value are strings,
1162      *          including the keys in the default property list.
1163      * @see     java.util.Properties#defaults
1164      * @since   1.6
1165      */
1166     public Set<String> stringPropertyNames() {
1167         Map<String, String> h = new HashMap<>();
1168         enumerateStringProperties(h);
1169         return Collections.unmodifiableSet(h.keySet());
1170     }
1171 
1172     /**
1173      * Prints this property list out to the specified output stream.
1174      * This method is useful for debugging.
1175      *
1176      * @param   out   an output stream.
1177      * @throws  ClassCastException if any key in this property list
1178      *          is not a string.
1179      */
1180     public void list(PrintStream out) {
1181         out.println("-- listing properties --");
1182         Map<String, Object> h = new HashMap<>();
1183         enumerate(h);
1184         for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : h.entrySet()) {
1185             String key = e.getKey();
1186             String val = (String)e.getValue();
1187             if (val.length() > 40) {
1188                 val = val.substring(0, 37) + "...";
1189             }
1190             out.println(key + "=" + val);
1191         }
1192     }
1193 
1194     /**
1195      * Prints this property list out to the specified output stream.
1196      * This method is useful for debugging.
1197      *
1198      * @param   out   an output stream.
1199      * @throws  ClassCastException if any key in this property list
1200      *          is not a string.
1201      * @since   1.1
1202      */
1203     /*
1204      * Rather than use an anonymous inner class to share common code, this
1205      * method is duplicated in order to ensure that a non-1.1 compiler can
1206      * compile this file.
1207      */
1208     public void list(PrintWriter out) {
1209         out.println("-- listing properties --");
1210         Map<String, Object> h = new HashMap<>();
1211         enumerate(h);
1212         for (Map.Entry<String, Object> e : h.entrySet()) {
1213             String key = e.getKey();
1214             String val = (String)e.getValue();
1215             if (val.length() > 40) {
1216                 val = val.substring(0, 37) + "...";
1217             }
1218             out.println(key + "=" + val);
1219         }
1220     }
1221 
1222     /**
1223      * Enumerates all key/value pairs into the specified Map.
1224      * @param h the Map
1225      * @throws ClassCastException if any of the property keys
1226      *         is not of String type.
1227      */
1228     private void enumerate(Map<String, Object> h) {
1229         if (defaults != null) {
1230             defaults.enumerate(h);
1231         }
1232         for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> e : entrySet()) {
1233             String key = (String)e.getKey();
1234             h.put(key, e.getValue());
1235         }
1236     }
1237 
1238     /**
1239      * Enumerates all key/value pairs into the specified Map
1240      * and omits the property if the key or value is not a string.
1241      * @param h the Map
1242      */
1243     private void enumerateStringProperties(Map<String, String> h) {
1244         if (defaults != null) {
1245             defaults.enumerateStringProperties(h);
1246         }
1247         for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> e : entrySet()) {
1248             Object k = e.getKey();
1249             Object v = e.getValue();
1250             if (k instanceof String && v instanceof String) {
1251                 h.put((String) k, (String) v);
1252             }
1253         }
1254     }
1255 
1256     /**
1257      * Convert a nibble to a hex character
1258      * @param   nibble  the nibble to convert.
1259      */
1260     private static char toHex(int nibble) {
1261         return hexDigit[(nibble & 0xF)];
1262     }
1263 
1264     /** A table of hex digits */
1265     private static final char[] hexDigit = {
1266         '0','1','2','3','4','5','6','7','8','9','A','B','C','D','E','F'
1267     };
1268 
1269     //
1270     // Hashtable methods overridden and delegated to a ConcurrentHashMap instance
1271 
1272     @Override
1273     public int size() {
1274         return map.size();
1275     }
1276 
1277     @Override
1278     public boolean isEmpty() {
1279         return map.isEmpty();
1280     }
1281 
1282     @Override
1283     public Enumeration<Object> keys() {
1284         // CHM.keys() returns Iterator w/ remove() - instead wrap keySet()
1285         return Collections.enumeration(map.keySet());
1286     }
1287 
1288     @Override
1289     public Enumeration<Object> elements() {
1290         // CHM.elements() returns Iterator w/ remove() - instead wrap values()
1291         return Collections.enumeration(map.values());
1292     }
1293 
1294     @Override
1295     public boolean contains(Object value) {
1296         return map.contains(value);
1297     }
1298 
1299     @Override
1300     public boolean containsValue(Object value) {
1301         return map.containsValue(value);
1302     }
1303 
1304     @Override
1305     public boolean containsKey(Object key) {
1306         return map.containsKey(key);
1307     }
1308 
1309     @Override
1310     public Object get(Object key) {
1311         return map.get(key);
1312     }
1313 
1314     @Override
1315     public synchronized Object put(Object key, Object value) {
1316         return map.put(key, value);
1317     }
1318 
1319     @Override
1320     public synchronized Object remove(Object key) {
1321         return map.remove(key);
1322     }
1323 
1324     @Override
1325     public synchronized void putAll(Map<?, ?> t) {
1326         map.putAll(t);
1327     }
1328 
1329     @Override
1330     public synchronized void clear() {
1331         map.clear();
1332     }
1333 
1334     @Override
1335     public synchronized String toString() {
1336         return map.toString();
1337     }
1338 
1339     @Override
1340     public Set<Object> keySet() {
1341         return Collections.synchronizedSet(map.keySet(), this);
1342     }
1343 
1344     @Override
1345     public Collection<Object> values() {
1346         return Collections.synchronizedCollection(map.values(), this);
1347     }
1348 
1349     @Override
1350     public Set<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> entrySet() {
1351         return Collections.synchronizedSet(new EntrySet(map.entrySet()), this);
1352     }
1353 
1354     /*
1355      * Properties.entrySet() should not support add/addAll, however
1356      * ConcurrentHashMap.entrySet() provides add/addAll.  This class wraps the
1357      * Set returned from CHM, changing add/addAll to throw UOE.
1358      */
1359     private static class EntrySet implements Set<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> {
1360         private Set<Map.Entry<Object,Object>> entrySet;
1361 
1362         private EntrySet(Set<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> entrySet) {
1363             this.entrySet = entrySet;
1364         }
1365 
1366         @Override public int size() { return entrySet.size(); }
1367         @Override public boolean isEmpty() { return entrySet.isEmpty(); }
1368         @Override public boolean contains(Object o) { return entrySet.contains(o); }
1369         @Override public Object[] toArray() { return entrySet.toArray(); }
1370         @Override public <T> T[] toArray(T[] a) { return entrySet.toArray(a); }
1371         @Override public void clear() { entrySet.clear(); }
1372         @Override public boolean remove(Object o) { return entrySet.remove(o); }
1373 
1374         @Override
1375         public boolean add(Map.Entry<Object, Object> e) {
1376             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1377         }
1378 
1379         @Override
1380         public boolean addAll(Collection<? extends Map.Entry<Object, Object>> c) {
1381             throw new UnsupportedOperationException();
1382         }
1383 
1384         @Override
1385         public boolean containsAll(Collection<?> c) {
1386             return entrySet.containsAll(c);
1387         }
1388 
1389         @Override
1390         public boolean removeAll(Collection<?> c) {
1391             return entrySet.removeAll(c);
1392         }
1393 
1394         @Override
1395         public boolean retainAll(Collection<?> c) {
1396             return entrySet.retainAll(c);
1397         }
1398 
1399         @Override
1400         public Iterator<Map.Entry<Object, Object>> iterator() {
1401             return entrySet.iterator();
1402         }
1403     }
1404 
1405     @Override
1406     public synchronized boolean equals(Object o) {
1407         return map.equals(o);
1408     }
1409 
1410     @Override
1411     public synchronized int hashCode() {
1412         return map.hashCode();
1413     }
1414 
1415     @Override
1416     public Object getOrDefault(Object key, Object defaultValue) {
1417         return map.getOrDefault(key, defaultValue);
1418     }
1419 
1420     @Override
1421     public synchronized void forEach(BiConsumer<? super Object, ? super Object> action) {
1422         map.forEach(action);
1423     }
1424 
1425     @Override
1426     public synchronized void replaceAll(BiFunction<? super Object, ? super Object, ?> function) {
1427         map.replaceAll(function);
1428     }
1429 
1430     @Override
1431     public synchronized Object putIfAbsent(Object key, Object value) {
1432         return map.putIfAbsent(key, value);
1433     }
1434 
1435     @Override
1436     public synchronized boolean remove(Object key, Object value) {
1437         return map.remove(key, value);
1438     }
1439 
1440     @Override
1441     public synchronized boolean replace(Object key, Object oldValue, Object newValue) {
1442         return map.replace(key, oldValue, newValue);
1443     }
1444 
1445     @Override
1446     public synchronized Object replace(Object key, Object value) {
1447         return map.replace(key, value);
1448     }
1449 
1450     @Override
1451     public synchronized Object computeIfAbsent(Object key,
1452             Function<? super Object, ?> mappingFunction) {
1453         return map.computeIfAbsent(key, mappingFunction);
1454     }
1455 
1456     @Override
1457     public synchronized Object computeIfPresent(Object key,
1458             BiFunction<? super Object, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
1459         return map.computeIfPresent(key, remappingFunction);
1460     }
1461 
1462     @Override
1463     public synchronized Object compute(Object key,
1464             BiFunction<? super Object, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
1465         return map.compute(key, remappingFunction);
1466     }
1467 
1468     @Override
1469     public synchronized Object merge(Object key, Object value,
1470             BiFunction<? super Object, ? super Object, ?> remappingFunction) {
1471         return map.merge(key, value, remappingFunction);
1472     }
1473 
1474     //
1475     // Special Hashtable methods
1476 
1477     @Override
1478     protected void rehash() { /* no-op */ }
1479 
1480     @Override
1481     public synchronized Object clone() {
1482         Properties clone = (Properties) cloneHashtable();
1483         clone.map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(map);
1484         return clone;
1485     }
1486 
1487     //
1488     // Hashtable serialization overrides
1489     // (these should emit and consume Hashtable-compatible stream)
1490 
1491     @Override
1492     void writeHashtable(ObjectOutputStream s) throws IOException {
1493         var map = this.map;
1494         List<Object> entryStack = new ArrayList<>(map.size() * 2); // an estimate
1495 
1496         for (Map.Entry<Object, Object> entry : map.entrySet()) {
1497             entryStack.add(entry.getValue());
1498             entryStack.add(entry.getKey());
1499         }
1500 
1501         // Write out the simulated threshold, loadfactor
1502         float loadFactor = 0.75f;
1503         int count = entryStack.size() / 2;
1504         int length = (int)(count / loadFactor) + (count / 20) + 3;
1505         if (length > count && (length & 1) == 0) {
1506             length--;
1507         }
1508         synchronized (map) { // in case of multiple concurrent serializations
1509             defaultWriteHashtable(s, length, loadFactor);
1510         }
1511 
1512         // Write out simulated length and real count of elements
1513         s.writeInt(length);
1514         s.writeInt(count);
1515 
1516         // Write out the key/value objects from the stacked entries
1517         for (int i = entryStack.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
1518             s.writeObject(entryStack.get(i));
1519         }
1520     }
1521 
1522     @Override
1523     void readHashtable(ObjectInputStream s) throws IOException,
1524             ClassNotFoundException {
1525         // Read in the threshold and loadfactor
1526         s.defaultReadObject();
1527 
1528         // Read the original length of the array and number of elements
1529         int origlength = s.readInt();
1530         int elements = s.readInt();
1531 
1532         // Validate # of elements
1533         if (elements < 0) {
1534             throw new StreamCorruptedException("Illegal # of Elements: " + elements);
1535         }
1536 
1537         // Constructing the backing map will lazily create an array when the first element is
1538         // added, so check it before construction. Note that CHM's constructor takes a size
1539         // that is the number of elements to be stored -- not the table size -- so it must be
1540         // inflated by the default load factor of 0.75, then inflated to the next power of two.
1541         // (CHM uses the same power-of-two computation as HashMap, and HashMap.tableSizeFor is
1542         // accessible here.) Check Map.Entry[].class since it's the nearest public type to
1543         // what is actually created.
1544         SharedSecrets.getJavaObjectInputStreamAccess()
1545                      .checkArray(s, Map.Entry[].class, HashMap.tableSizeFor((int)(elements / 0.75)));
1546 
1547         // create CHM of appropriate capacity
1548         var map = new ConcurrentHashMap<>(elements);
1549 
1550         // Read all the key/value objects
1551         for (; elements > 0; elements--) {
1552             Object key = s.readObject();
1553             Object value = s.readObject();
1554             map.put(key, value);
1555         }
1556         this.map = map;
1557     }
1558 }