1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "aot/aotLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  34 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  42 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  50 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  59 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  74 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  79 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
  80 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  81 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  82 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  83 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  84 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  85 #include "gc/cms/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  86 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  87 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
  88 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  89 #include "gc/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  90 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  91 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  92 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  93 #endif
  94 
  95 // Known objects
  96 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  97 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  98 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  99 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
 100 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
 101 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
 102 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 103 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 104 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 105 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 108 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 110 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 111 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 112 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 114 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 115 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 116 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 117 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 118 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 119 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 120 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 121 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 122 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 123 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 124 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 125 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 126 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = NULL;
 127 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 128 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 129 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 130 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 131 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 132 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 133 oop Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message   = NULL;
 134 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 135 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 136 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 137 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 138 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 139 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 140 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 141 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 142 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj    = NULL;
 143 oop Universe::_reference_pending_list                 = NULL;
 144 
 145 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 146 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 147 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 148 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 149 
 150 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 151 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 152 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 153 
 154 // Heap
 155 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 156 
 157 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 158 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 159 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 160 
 161 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 162 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 163 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 164 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 165 
 166 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 167 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 168 
 169 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 170 
 171 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 172 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 173 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 174 
 175 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 176   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 177   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 178   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 179   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 180   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 181   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 182   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 183   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 184 }
 185 
 186 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 187 
 188   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 189   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 190   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 192   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 193   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 194   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 195   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 196   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 197 
 198   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 199     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 200   }
 201   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 202 
 203   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 204   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 208   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 209   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 210   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 211   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 212   f->do_oop((oop*)&_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message);
 213   f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 214   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 215   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 216   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 217   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 218   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 219   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 220   f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
 221   f->do_oop((oop*)&_reference_pending_list);
 222   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 223 }
 224 
 225 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 226 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 227 
 228   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 229   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 230   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 231   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 232   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 233   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 234   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 235   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 236   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 237 
 238   {
 239     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 240       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 241         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 242         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 243       } else if (do_all) {
 244         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 245       }
 246     }
 247   }
 248 
 249   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 250   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 251   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 252   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 253   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 254   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 255   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 256   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 257   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 258   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 259 }
 260 
 261 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 262   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 263     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 264       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 265   }
 266 }
 267 
 268 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 269   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 270   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 271     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 272     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 273     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 274   } else {
 275     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 276   }
 277   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 278 }
 279 
 280 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 281   ResourceMark rm;
 282 
 283   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 284 
 285     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 286 
 287       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 288       compute_base_vtable_size();
 289 
 290       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 291         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 292         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 293         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 294         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 295         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 296         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 297         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 298         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 299 
 300         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 301         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 302         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 303         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 304         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 305         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 306         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 307         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 308 
 309         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 310 
 311         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 312         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 313         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 314         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 315         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 316       }
 317     }
 318 
 319     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 320 
 321     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 322 
 323     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 324 
 325     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 326     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 327 
 328     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 329       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 330       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 331              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 332       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 333              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 334       MetaspaceShared::fixup_shared_string_regions();
 335     } else {
 336       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 337       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 338       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 339     }
 340 
 341     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 342     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 343     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 344     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 345     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 346     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 347     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 348     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 349   } // end of core bootstrapping
 350 
 351   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 352   // during the bootstrapping.
 353 
 354   // OLD
 355   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 356   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 357   // ---
 358   // NEW
 359   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 360   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 361   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 362   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 363   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 364     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 365   // OLD
 366   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 367   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 368   // ---
 369   // New
 370   // Have already been initialized.
 371   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 372 
 373   #ifdef ASSERT
 374   if (FullGCALot) {
 375     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 376     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 377     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 378     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 379     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 380     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 381     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 382     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 383     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 384     int size;
 385     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 386       log_warning(gc)("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc will not force all objects to relocate");
 387       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 388     } else {
 389       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 390     }
 391     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 392     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 393     int i = 0;
 394     while (i < size) {
 395         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 396       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 397       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 398     }
 399     {
 400       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 401       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 402       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 403       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 404       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 405         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 406       }
 407     }
 408     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 409   }
 410   #endif
 411 
 412   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 413   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 414 
 415 }
 416 
 417 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 418     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 419     _int_mirror     =
 420       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 421     _float_mirror   =
 422       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 423     _double_mirror  =
 424       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 425     _byte_mirror    =
 426       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 427     _bool_mirror    =
 428       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 429     _char_mirror    =
 430       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 431     _long_mirror    =
 432       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 433     _short_mirror   =
 434       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 435     _void_mirror    =
 436       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 437 
 438     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 439     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 440     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 441     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 442     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 443     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 444     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 445     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 446     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 447   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 448   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 449 }
 450 
 451 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 452   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 453   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 454   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 455   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 456   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 457   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 458   // Cache the start of the static fields
 459   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 460 
 461   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 462   int list_length = list->length();
 463   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 464     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 465     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 466     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 467     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
 468   }
 469   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 470   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 471 }
 472 
 473 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
 474   assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
 475 
 476 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
 477 
 478 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
 479   assert_pll_ownership();
 480   return _reference_pending_list;
 481 }
 482 
 483 void Universe::set_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 484   assert_pll_ownership();
 485   _reference_pending_list = list;
 486 }
 487 
 488 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
 489   assert_pll_ownership();
 490   return _reference_pending_list != NULL;
 491 }
 492 
 493 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 494   assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 495   return (oop)Atomic::xchg_ptr(list, &_reference_pending_list);
 496 }
 497 
 498 #undef assert_pll_locked
 499 #undef assert_pll_ownership
 500 
 501 
 502 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 503 
 504 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 505   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 506   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 507 
 508   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 509   log_trace(ref)("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 510   {
 511     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 512     Klass* finalizer_klass = SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass();
 513     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 514     JavaCalls::call_static(
 515       &result,
 516       finalizer_klass,
 517       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 518       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 519       THREAD
 520     );
 521     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 522     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 523   }
 524 }
 525 
 526 
 527 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 528 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 529 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 530 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 531 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(Klass* ko, TRAPS) {
 532   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 533   ko->vtable().initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 534   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 535     for (Klass* sk = ko->subklass();
 536          sk != NULL;
 537          sk = sk->next_sibling()) {
 538       reinitialize_vtable_of(sk, CHECK);
 539     }
 540   }
 541 }
 542 
 543 
 544 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 545   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable().initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 546 }
 547 
 548 
 549 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 550   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 551 
 552 }
 553 
 554 
 555 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 556   return is_aligned(addr, os::vm_page_size());
 557 }
 558 
 559 
 560 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 561   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 562   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 563   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 564   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 565   // to allocate the backtrace.
 566   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 567           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 568           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 569           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 570           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
 571           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
 572 }
 573 
 574 
 575 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 576   // generate an out of memory error:
 577   // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
 578   //   (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
 579   //   error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
 580   //   provided by the default error.
 581   // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
 582   int next;
 583   if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
 584       SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
 585     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 586     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 587   } else {
 588     next = -1;
 589   }
 590   if (next < 0) {
 591     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 592     // return default
 593     return default_err;
 594   } else {
 595     Thread* THREAD = Thread::current();
 596     Handle default_err_h(THREAD, default_err);
 597     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 598     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 599     Handle exc(THREAD, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
 600     assert(exc() != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 601     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 602 
 603     // use the message from the default error
 604     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
 605     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 606     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
 607 
 608     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 609     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 610     return exc();
 611   }
 612 }
 613 
 614 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 615 
 616 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 617   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 618   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 619   //
 620   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 621   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 622   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 623   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 624   //
 625   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 626   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 627 
 628   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 629     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 630   }
 631 
 632   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 633 }
 634 
 635 jint universe_init() {
 636   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 637   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 638          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 639   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 640   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 641             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 642 
 643   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 644 
 645   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 646 
 647   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 648   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 649     return status;
 650   }
 651 
 652   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 653 
 654   AOTLoader::universe_init();
 655 
 656   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 657   if (!CommandLineFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(CommandLineFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 658     return JNI_EINVAL;
 659   }
 660 
 661   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 662   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 663   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 664 
 665   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 666   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 667   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 668   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 669   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 670   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 671   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 672 
 673   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 674     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 675     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 676     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 677     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 678     // currently mapped regions.
 679     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 680     StringTable::create_table();
 681   } else {
 682     SymbolTable::create_table();
 683     StringTable::create_table();
 684 
 685     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 686       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 687     }
 688   }
 689   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 690     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 691   }
 692 
 693   ResolvedMethodTable::create_table();
 694 
 695   return JNI_OK;
 696 }
 697 
 698 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 699   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 700 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 701   if (UseParallelGC) {
 702     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 703   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 704     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in this VM.");
 705   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 706     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 707 #else
 708   if (UseParallelGC) {
 709     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<ParallelScavengeHeap, GenerationSizer>();
 710   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 711     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<G1CollectedHeap, G1CollectorPolicy>();
 712   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 713     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy>();
 714 #endif
 715   } else if (UseSerialGC) {
 716     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, MarkSweepPolicy>();
 717   }
 718 
 719   ShouldNotReachHere();
 720   return NULL;
 721 }
 722 
 723 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 724 // when compressed oops are used:
 725 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 726 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 727 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 728 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 729 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 730 
 731 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 732   jint status = JNI_ERR;
 733 
 734   _collectedHeap = create_heap_ext();
 735   if (_collectedHeap == NULL) {
 736     _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 737   }
 738 
 739   status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 740   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 741     return status;
 742   }
 743   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 744 
 745   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 746 
 747 #ifdef _LP64
 748   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 749     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 750     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 751     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 752     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 753     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 754     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 755     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 756       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 757       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 758     }
 759     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 760       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 761       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 762     }
 763 
 764     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 765 
 766     if (log_is_enabled(Info, gc, heap, coops)) {
 767       ResourceMark rm;
 768       outputStream* logst = Log(gc, heap, coops)::info_stream();
 769       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(logst);
 770     }
 771 
 772     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 773     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 774                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 775                                                    false));
 776   }
 777   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 778   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 779          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 780          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 781   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 782          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 783 #endif
 784 
 785   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 786   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 787 
 788   if (UseTLAB) {
 789     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 790            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 791     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 792   }
 793   return JNI_OK;
 794 }
 795 
 796 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 797   st->print("Heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 798             p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 799 
 800   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 801 
 802   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 803     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 804   }
 805 
 806   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 807     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 808   }
 809 
 810   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 811     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 812   }
 813   st->cr();
 814 }
 815 
 816 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 817 
 818   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 819          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 820          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 821 
 822   size_t total_reserved = align_up(heap_size, alignment);
 823   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 824       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 825 
 826   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 827   assert(!UseLargePages
 828       || UseParallelGC
 829       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 830 
 831   // Now create the space.
 832   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages);
 833 
 834   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 835     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 836            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 837     // We are good.
 838 
 839     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 840       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 841       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 842       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 843       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 844     }
 845 
 846     return total_rs;
 847   }
 848 
 849   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 850     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 851             total_reserved/K));
 852 
 853   // satisfy compiler
 854   ShouldNotReachHere();
 855   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 856 }
 857 
 858 
 859 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 860 // (if required).
 861 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 862   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 863   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 864 }
 865 
 866 
 867 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 868   switch (mode) {
 869     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 870       return "32-bit";
 871     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 872       return "Zero based";
 873     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 874       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 875     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 876       return "Non-zero based";
 877     default:
 878       ShouldNotReachHere();
 879       return "";
 880   }
 881 }
 882 
 883 
 884 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 885   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 886     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 887   }
 888 
 889   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 890     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 891   }
 892 
 893   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 894     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 895   }
 896 
 897   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 898 }
 899 
 900 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 901                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 902                              const char* method,
 903                              Symbol* signature,
 904                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 905 {
 906   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method, CHECK);
 907   Method* m = NULL;
 908   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 909   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 910       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == NULL) ||
 911       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 912     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 913     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 914     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 915     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 916                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 917   }
 918   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 919 }
 920 
 921 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 922   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 923   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 924                           SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(),
 925                           "register",
 926                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 927 
 928   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 929                           SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 930                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 931                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 932 
 933   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 934   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 935                           SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(),
 936                           "addClass",
 937                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 938 
 939   // Set up method for checking protection domain
 940   initialize_known_method(_pd_implies_cache,
 941                           SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),
 942                           "impliesCreateAccessControlContext",
 943                           vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(), false, CHECK);
 944 
 945   // Set up method for stack walking
 946   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 947                           SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 948                           "doStackWalk",
 949                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
 950 }
 951 
 952 void universe2_init() {
 953   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 954   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 955 }
 956 
 957 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
 958 void universe_post_module_init() {
 959   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
 960 }
 961 
 962 bool universe_post_init() {
 963   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 964   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 965   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 966   { ResourceMark rm;
 967     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 968     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 969       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 970       Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 971       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok, CHECK_false);
 972       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 973     }
 974   }
 975 
 976   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 977   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 978   Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 979 
 980   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 981   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
 982   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
 983   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 984   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 985   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 986   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 987   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
 988     ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 989   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
 990 
 991   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
 992   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
 993     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message =
 994       java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
 995   }
 996 
 997   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
 998   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
 999   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
1000   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1001   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
1002   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1003   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
1004   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1005   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1006   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1007     vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1008   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1009   if (!linked) {
1010      tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1011      return false; // initialization failed
1012   }
1013   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1014     InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1015 
1016   Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1017 
1018   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
1019     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
1020     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
1021     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1022     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1023 
1024     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1025     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1026     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1027     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1028 
1029     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1030     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1031 
1032     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1033     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1034 
1035     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1036     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1037 
1038     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1039     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1040 
1041     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1042     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1043     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1044     ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1045 
1046     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1047     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK_false);
1048     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1049       oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1050       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1051       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1052       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1053     }
1054     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1055   }
1056 
1057   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1058 
1059   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1060   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1061   {
1062     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1063     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1064   }
1065 
1066   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1067   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1068 
1069   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1070   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1071   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1072 
1073   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1074 
1075   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1076 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1077   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1078 #endif
1079   return true;
1080 }
1081 
1082 
1083 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1084   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1085 }
1086 
1087 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1088   GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1089   st->print_cr("Heap");
1090   heap()->print_on(st);
1091 }
1092 
1093 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1094   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1095     print_on(tty);
1096     tty->cr();
1097     tty->flush();
1098   }
1099 }
1100 
1101 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc() {
1102   Log(gc, heap) log;
1103   if (log.is_debug()) {
1104     log.debug("Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1105     ResourceMark rm;
1106     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1107   }
1108 }
1109 
1110 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc() {
1111   Log(gc, heap) log;
1112   if (log.is_debug()) {
1113     log.debug("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1114     ResourceMark rm;
1115     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1116   }
1117 }
1118 
1119 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1120   verify_flags = 0;
1121   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1122 
1123   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1124   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1125   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1126 
1127   char* token = strtok(subset_list, delimiter);
1128   while (token != NULL) {
1129     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1130       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1131     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1132       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1133     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1134       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1135     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1136       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1137     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1138       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1139     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1140       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1141     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1142       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1143     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1144       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceAux;
1145     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1146       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1147     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1148       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1149     } else {
1150       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1151     }
1152     token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
1153   }
1154   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1155 }
1156 
1157 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1158   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1159     return true;
1160   }
1161   return false;
1162 }
1163 
1164 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1165   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1166   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1167   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1168   // straight forward.
1169   _verify_in_progress = true;
1170 
1171   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1172     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1173          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1174          "(of thread stacks below)");
1175   )
1176 
1177   ResourceMark rm;
1178   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1179   _verify_count++;
1180 
1181   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1182   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1183   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1184     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1185     Threads::verify();
1186   }
1187   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1188     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1189     heap()->verify(option);
1190   }
1191   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1192     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1193     SymbolTable::verify();
1194   }
1195   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1196     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1197     StringTable::verify();
1198   }
1199   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1200   {
1201     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1202     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1203     CodeCache::verify();
1204   }
1205   }
1206   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1207     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1208     SystemDictionary::verify();
1209   }
1210 #ifndef PRODUCT
1211   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1212     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1213     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1214   }
1215 #endif
1216   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceAux)) {
1217     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceAux");
1218     MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1219   }
1220   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1221     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1222     JNIHandles::verify();
1223   }
1224   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1225     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1226     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1227   }
1228 
1229   _verify_in_progress = false;
1230 }
1231 
1232 
1233 #ifndef PRODUCT
1234 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1235   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1236 
1237   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1238   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1239   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1240 
1241   // make an inclusive limit:
1242   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1243   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1244   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1245   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1246 
1247   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1248   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1249   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1250     mask <<= 1;
1251   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1252   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1253   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1254   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1255 
1256   // require address alignment, too:
1257   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1258 
1259   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1260     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1261   }
1262   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1263   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1264 }
1265 
1266 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1267 
1268 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1269   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1270   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1271   return _verify_oop_mask;
1272 }
1273 
1274 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1275   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1276   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1277   return _verify_oop_bits;
1278 }
1279 
1280 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1281   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1282 }
1283 
1284 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1285   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1286   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1287   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1288   return bits;
1289 }
1290 #endif // PRODUCT
1291 
1292 
1293 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1294   verify_oop_mask();
1295   verify_oop_bits();
1296   verify_mark_mask();
1297   verify_mark_bits();
1298 }
1299 
1300 
1301 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1302   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1303     _klass = k;
1304   }
1305 #ifndef PRODUCT
1306   else {
1307     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1308     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1309   }
1310 #endif
1311 
1312   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1313   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1314 }
1315 
1316 
1317 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1318   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1319   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1320   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1321   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1322   return m;
1323 }
1324 
1325 
1326 #ifdef ASSERT
1327 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1328 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1329   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1330   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1331     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1332       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1333       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1334       return false;
1335     }
1336     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1337       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1338       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1339     }
1340     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1341     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1342   }
1343   return true;
1344 }
1345 
1346 #endif // ASSERT