1 /*
2 * Copyright 1996-2009 Sun Microsystems, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Sun designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Sun in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Sun Microsystems, Inc., 4150 Network Circle, Santa Clara,
22 * CA 95054 USA or visit www.sun.com if you need additional information or
23 * have any questions.
24 */
25
26 package java.lang;
27
28 /**
29 * The {@code Short} class wraps a value of primitive type {@code
30 * short} in an object. An object of type {@code Short} contains a
31 * single field whose type is {@code short}.
32 *
33 * <p>In addition, this class provides several methods for converting
34 * a {@code short} to a {@code String} and a {@code String} to a
35 * {@code short}, as well as other constants and methods useful when
36 * dealing with a {@code short}.
37 *
38 * @author Nakul Saraiya
39 * @author Joseph D. Darcy
40 * @see java.lang.Number
41 * @since JDK1.1
42 */
43 public final class Short extends Number implements Comparable<Short> {
44
45 /**
46 * A constant holding the minimum value a {@code short} can
47 * have, -2<sup>15</sup>.
48 */
49 public static final short MIN_VALUE = -32768;
50
51 /**
52 * A constant holding the maximum value a {@code short} can
53 * have, 2<sup>15</sup>-1.
54 */
55 public static final short MAX_VALUE = 32767;
56
57 /**
58 * The {@code Class} instance representing the primitive type
59 * {@code short}.
60 */
61 public static final Class<Short> TYPE = (Class<Short>) Class.getPrimitiveClass("short");
62
63 /**
64 * Returns a new {@code String} object representing the
65 * specified {@code short}. The radix is assumed to be 10.
66 *
67 * @param s the {@code short} to be converted
68 * @return the string representation of the specified {@code short}
69 * @see java.lang.Integer#toString(int)
70 */
71 public static String toString(short s) {
72 return Integer.toString((int)s, 10);
73 }
74
75 /**
76 * Parses the string argument as a signed {@code short} in the
77 * radix specified by the second argument. The characters in the
78 * string must all be digits, of the specified radix (as
79 * determined by whether {@link java.lang.Character#digit(char,
80 * int)} returns a nonnegative value) except that the first
81 * character may be an ASCII minus sign {@code '-'}
82 * (<code>'\u002D'</code>) to indicate a negative value or an
83 * ASCII plus sign {@code '+'} (<code>'\u002B'</code>) to
84 * indicate a positive value. The resulting {@code short} value
85 * is returned.
86 *
87 * <p>An exception of type {@code NumberFormatException} is
88 * thrown if any of the following situations occurs:
89 * <ul>
90 * <li> The first argument is {@code null} or is a string of
91 * length zero.
92 *
93 * <li> The radix is either smaller than {@link
94 * java.lang.Character#MIN_RADIX} or larger than {@link
95 * java.lang.Character#MAX_RADIX}.
96 *
97 * <li> Any character of the string is not a digit of the
98 * specified radix, except that the first character may be a minus
99 * sign {@code '-'} (<code>'\u002D'</code>) or plus sign
100 * {@code '+'} (<code>'\u002B'</code>) provided that the
101 * string is longer than length 1.
102 *
103 * <li> The value represented by the string is not a value of type
104 * {@code short}.
105 * </ul>
106 *
107 * @param s the {@code String} containing the
108 * {@code short} representation to be parsed
109 * @param radix the radix to be used while parsing {@code s}
110 * @return the {@code short} represented by the string
111 * argument in the specified radix.
112 * @throws NumberFormatException If the {@code String}
113 * does not contain a parsable {@code short}.
114 */
115 public static short parseShort(String s, int radix)
116 throws NumberFormatException {
117 int i = Integer.parseInt(s, radix);
118 if (i < MIN_VALUE || i > MAX_VALUE)
119 throw new NumberFormatException(
120 "Value out of range. Value:\"" + s + "\" Radix:" + radix);
121 return (short)i;
122 }
123
124 /**
125 * Parses the string argument as a signed decimal {@code
126 * short}. The characters in the string must all be decimal
127 * digits, except that the first character may be an ASCII minus
128 * sign {@code '-'} (<code>'\u002D'</code>) to indicate a
129 * negative value or an ASCII plus sign {@code '+'}
130 * (<code>'\u002B'</code>) to indicate a positive value. The
131 * resulting {@code short} value is returned, exactly as if the
132 * argument and the radix 10 were given as arguments to the {@link
133 * #parseShort(java.lang.String, int)} method.
134 *
135 * @param s a {@code String} containing the {@code short}
136 * representation to be parsed
137 * @return the {@code short} value represented by the
138 * argument in decimal.
139 * @throws NumberFormatException If the string does not
140 * contain a parsable {@code short}.
141 */
142 public static short parseShort(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
143 return parseShort(s, 10);
144 }
145
146 /**
147 * Returns a {@code Short} object holding the value
148 * extracted from the specified {@code String} when parsed
149 * with the radix given by the second argument. The first argument
150 * is interpreted as representing a signed {@code short} in
151 * the radix specified by the second argument, exactly as if the
152 * argument were given to the {@link #parseShort(java.lang.String,
153 * int)} method. The result is a {@code Short} object that
154 * represents the {@code short} value specified by the string.
155 *
156 * <p>In other words, this method returns a {@code Short} object
157 * equal to the value of:
158 *
159 * <blockquote>
160 * {@code new Short(Short.parseShort(s, radix))}
161 * </blockquote>
162 *
163 * @param s the string to be parsed
164 * @param radix the radix to be used in interpreting {@code s}
165 * @return a {@code Short} object holding the value
166 * represented by the string argument in the
167 * specified radix.
168 * @throws NumberFormatException If the {@code String} does
169 * not contain a parsable {@code short}.
170 */
171 public static Short valueOf(String s, int radix)
172 throws NumberFormatException {
173 return valueOf(parseShort(s, radix));
174 }
175
176 /**
177 * Returns a {@code Short} object holding the
178 * value given by the specified {@code String}. The argument
179 * is interpreted as representing a signed decimal
180 * {@code short}, exactly as if the argument were given to
181 * the {@link #parseShort(java.lang.String)} method. The result is
182 * a {@code Short} object that represents the
183 * {@code short} value specified by the string.
184 *
185 * <p>In other words, this method returns a {@code Short} object
186 * equal to the value of:
187 *
188 * <blockquote>
189 * {@code new Short(Short.parseShort(s))}
190 * </blockquote>
191 *
192 * @param s the string to be parsed
193 * @return a {@code Short} object holding the value
194 * represented by the string argument
195 * @throws NumberFormatException If the {@code String} does
196 * not contain a parsable {@code short}.
197 */
198 public static Short valueOf(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
199 return valueOf(s, 10);
200 }
201
202 private static class ShortCache {
203 private ShortCache(){}
204
205 static final Short cache[] = new Short[-(-128) + 127 + 1];
206
207 static {
208 for(int i = 0; i < cache.length; i++)
209 cache[i] = new Short((short)(i - 128));
210 }
211 }
212
213 /**
214 * Returns a {@code Short} instance representing the specified
215 * {@code short} value.
216 * If a new {@code Short} instance is not required, this method
217 * should generally be used in preference to the constructor
218 * {@link #Short(short)}, as this method is likely to yield
219 * significantly better space and time performance by caching
220 * frequently requested values.
221 *
222 * This method will always cache values in the range -128 to 127,
223 * inclusive, and may cache other values outside of this range.
224 *
225 * @param s a short value.
226 * @return a {@code Short} instance representing {@code s}.
227 * @since 1.5
228 */
229 public static Short valueOf(short s) {
230 final int offset = 128;
231 int sAsInt = s;
232 if (sAsInt >= -128 && sAsInt <= 127) { // must cache
233 return ShortCache.cache[sAsInt + offset];
234 }
235 return new Short(s);
236 }
237
238 /**
239 * Decodes a {@code String} into a {@code Short}.
240 * Accepts decimal, hexadecimal, and octal numbers given by
241 * the following grammar:
242 *
243 * <blockquote>
244 * <dl>
245 * <dt><i>DecodableString:</i>
246 * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub> DecimalNumeral</i>
247 * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code 0x} <i>HexDigits</i>
248 * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code 0X} <i>HexDigits</i>
249 * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code #} <i>HexDigits</i>
250 * <dd><i>Sign<sub>opt</sub></i> {@code 0} <i>OctalDigits</i>
251 * <p>
252 * <dt><i>Sign:</i>
253 * <dd>{@code -}
254 * <dd>{@code +}
255 * </dl>
256 * </blockquote>
257 *
258 * <i>DecimalNumeral</i>, <i>HexDigits</i>, and <i>OctalDigits</i>
259 * are defined in <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/second_edition/html/lexical.doc.html#48282">§3.10.1</a>
260 * of the <a href="http://java.sun.com/docs/books/jls/html/">Java
261 * Language Specification</a>.
262 *
263 * <p>The sequence of characters following an optional
264 * sign and/or radix specifier ("{@code 0x}", "{@code 0X}",
265 * "{@code #}", or leading zero) is parsed as by the {@code
266 * Short.parseShort} method with the indicated radix (10, 16, or
267 * 8). This sequence of characters must represent a positive
268 * value or a {@link NumberFormatException} will be thrown. The
269 * result is negated if first character of the specified {@code
270 * String} is the minus sign. No whitespace characters are
271 * permitted in the {@code String}.
272 *
273 * @param nm the {@code String} to decode.
274 * @return a {@code Short} object holding the {@code short}
275 * value represented by {@code nm}
276 * @throws NumberFormatException if the {@code String} does not
277 * contain a parsable {@code short}.
278 * @see java.lang.Short#parseShort(java.lang.String, int)
279 */
280 public static Short decode(String nm) throws NumberFormatException {
281 int i = Integer.decode(nm);
282 if (i < MIN_VALUE || i > MAX_VALUE)
283 throw new NumberFormatException(
284 "Value " + i + " out of range from input " + nm);
285 return valueOf((short)i);
286 }
287
288 /**
289 * The value of the {@code Short}.
290 *
291 * @serial
292 */
293 private final short value;
294
295 /**
296 * Constructs a newly allocated {@code Short} object that
297 * represents the specified {@code short} value.
298 *
299 * @param value the value to be represented by the
300 * {@code Short}.
301 */
302 public Short(short value) {
303 this.value = value;
304 }
305
306 /**
307 * Constructs a newly allocated {@code Short} object that
308 * represents the {@code short} value indicated by the
309 * {@code String} parameter. The string is converted to a
310 * {@code short} value in exactly the manner used by the
311 * {@code parseShort} method for radix 10.
312 *
313 * @param s the {@code String} to be converted to a
314 * {@code Short}
315 * @throws NumberFormatException If the {@code String}
316 * does not contain a parsable {@code short}.
317 * @see java.lang.Short#parseShort(java.lang.String, int)
318 */
319 public Short(String s) throws NumberFormatException {
320 this.value = parseShort(s, 10);
321 }
322
323 /**
324 * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a
325 * {@code byte}.
326 */
327 public byte byteValue() {
328 return (byte)value;
329 }
330
331 /**
332 * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a
333 * {@code short}.
334 */
335 public short shortValue() {
336 return value;
337 }
338
339 /**
340 * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as an
341 * {@code int}.
342 */
343 public int intValue() {
344 return (int)value;
345 }
346
347 /**
348 * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a
349 * {@code long}.
350 */
351 public long longValue() {
352 return (long)value;
353 }
354
355 /**
356 * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a
357 * {@code float}.
358 */
359 public float floatValue() {
360 return (float)value;
361 }
362
363 /**
364 * Returns the value of this {@code Short} as a
365 * {@code double}.
366 */
367 public double doubleValue() {
368 return (double)value;
369 }
370
371 /**
372 * Returns a {@code String} object representing this
373 * {@code Short}'s value. The value is converted to signed
374 * decimal representation and returned as a string, exactly as if
375 * the {@code short} value were given as an argument to the
376 * {@link java.lang.Short#toString(short)} method.
377 *
378 * @return a string representation of the value of this object in
379 * base 10.
380 */
381 public String toString() {
382 return Integer.toString((int)value);
383 }
384
385 /**
386 * Returns a hash code for this {@code Short}; equal to the result
387 * of invoking {@code intValue()}.
388 *
389 * @return a hash code value for this {@code Short}
390 */
391 public int hashCode() {
392 return (int)value;
393 }
394
395 /**
396 * Compares this object to the specified object. The result is
397 * {@code true} if and only if the argument is not
398 * {@code null} and is a {@code Short} object that
399 * contains the same {@code short} value as this object.
400 *
401 * @param obj the object to compare with
402 * @return {@code true} if the objects are the same;
403 * {@code false} otherwise.
404 */
405 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
406 if (obj instanceof Short) {
407 return value == ((Short)obj).shortValue();
408 }
409 return false;
410 }
411
412 /**
413 * Compares two {@code Short} objects numerically.
414 *
415 * @param anotherShort the {@code Short} to be compared.
416 * @return the value {@code 0} if this {@code Short} is
417 * equal to the argument {@code Short}; a value less than
418 * {@code 0} if this {@code Short} is numerically less
419 * than the argument {@code Short}; and a value greater than
420 * {@code 0} if this {@code Short} is numerically
421 * greater than the argument {@code Short} (signed
422 * comparison).
423 * @since 1.2
424 */
425 public int compareTo(Short anotherShort) {
426 return compare(this.value, anotherShort.value);
427 }
428
429 /**
430 * Compares two {@code short} values numerically.
431 * The value returned is identical to what would be returned by:
432 * <pre>
433 * Short.valueOf(x).compareTo(Short.valueOf(y))
434 * </pre>
435 *
436 * @param x the first {@code short} to compare
437 * @param y the second {@code short} to compare
438 * @return the value {@code 0} if {@code x == y};
439 * a value less than {@code 0} if {@code x < y}; and
440 * a value greater than {@code 0} if {@code x > y}
441 * @since 1.7
442 */
443 public static int compare(short x, short y) {
444 return x - y;
445 }
446
447 /**
448 * The number of bits used to represent a {@code short} value in two's
449 * complement binary form.
450 * @since 1.5
451 */
452 public static final int SIZE = 16;
453
454 /**
455 * Returns the value obtained by reversing the order of the bytes in the
456 * two's complement representation of the specified {@code short} value.
457 *
458 * @return the value obtained by reversing (or, equivalently, swapping)
459 * the bytes in the specified {@code short} value.
460 * @since 1.5
461 */
462 public static short reverseBytes(short i) {
463 return (short) (((i & 0xFF00) >> 8) | (i << 8));
464 }
465
466
467 /**
468 * Converts the argument to an {@code int} by an unsigned
469 * conversion. In an unsigned conversion to an {@code int}, the
470 * high-order 16 bits of the {@code int} are zero and the
471 * low-order 16 bits are equal to the bits of the {@code short} argument.
472 *
473 * @return the argument converted to {@code int} by an unsigned
474 * conversion
475 * @param x the value to convert to an unsigned {@code int}
476 * @since 1.7
477 */
478 public static int toUnsignedInt(short x) {
479 return ((int) x) & 0xffff;
480 }
481
482 /**
483 * Converts the argument to a {@code long} by an unsigned
484 * conversion. In an unsigned conversion to a {@code long}, the
485 * high-order 48 bits of the {@code long} are zero and the
486 * low-order 16 bits are equal to the bits of the {@code short} argument.
487 *
488 * @return the argument converted to {@code long} by an unsigned
489 * conversion
490 * @param x the value to convert to an unsigned {@code long}
491 * @since 1.7
492 */
493 public static long toUnsignedLong(short x) {
494 return ((long) x) & 0xffffL;
495 }
496
497 /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1. for interoperability */
498 private static final long serialVersionUID = 7515723908773894738L;
499 }