1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1995, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 * questions.
24 */
25
26 package java.net;
27
28 import java.io.File;
29 import java.io.IOException;
30 import java.io.InputStream;
31 import java.net.spi.URLStreamHandlerProvider;
32 import java.nio.file.Path;
33 import java.security.AccessController;
34 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
35 import java.util.Hashtable;
36 import java.io.InvalidObjectException;
37 import java.io.ObjectStreamException;
38 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
39 import java.io.ObjectInputStream.GetField;
40 import java.util.Iterator;
41 import java.util.Locale;
42 import java.util.NoSuchElementException;
43 import java.util.ServiceConfigurationError;
44 import java.util.ServiceLoader;
45
46 import jdk.internal.access.JavaNetURLAccess;
47 import jdk.internal.access.SharedSecrets;
48 import sun.net.util.IPAddressUtil;
49 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
50 import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
51
52 /**
53 * Class {@code URL} represents a Uniform Resource
54 * Locator, a pointer to a "resource" on the World
55 * Wide Web. A resource can be something as simple as a file or a
56 * directory, or it can be a reference to a more complicated object,
57 * such as a query to a database or to a search engine. More
58 * information on the types of URLs and their formats can be found at:
59 * <a href=
60 * "http://web.archive.org/web/20051219043731/http://archive.ncsa.uiuc.edu/SDG/Software/Mosaic/Demo/url-primer.html">
61 * <i>Types of URL</i></a>
62 * <p>
63 * In general, a URL can be broken into several parts. Consider the
64 * following example:
65 * <blockquote><pre>
66 * http://www.example.com/docs/resource1.html
67 * </pre></blockquote>
68 * <p>
69 * The URL above indicates that the protocol to use is
70 * {@code http} (HyperText Transfer Protocol) and that the
71 * information resides on a host machine named
72 * {@code www.example.com}. The information on that host
73 * machine is named {@code /docs/resource1.html}. The exact
74 * meaning of this name on the host machine is both protocol
75 * dependent and host dependent. The information normally resides in
76 * a file, but it could be generated on the fly. This component of
77 * the URL is called the <i>path</i> component.
78 * <p>
79 * A URL can optionally specify a "port", which is the
80 * port number to which the TCP connection is made on the remote host
81 * machine. If the port is not specified, the default port for
82 * the protocol is used instead. For example, the default port for
83 * {@code http} is {@code 80}. An alternative port could be
84 * specified as:
85 * <blockquote><pre>
86 * http://www.example.com:1080/docs/resource1.html
87 * </pre></blockquote>
88 * <p>
89 * The syntax of {@code URL} is defined by <a
90 * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2396.txt"><i>RFC 2396: Uniform
91 * Resource Identifiers (URI): Generic Syntax</i></a>, amended by <a
92 * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt"><i>RFC 2732: Format for
93 * Literal IPv6 Addresses in URLs</i></a>. The Literal IPv6 address format
94 * also supports scope_ids. The syntax and usage of scope_ids is described
95 * <a href="Inet6Address.html#scoped">here</a>.
96 * <p>
97 * A URL may have appended to it a "fragment", also known
98 * as a "ref" or a "reference". The fragment is indicated by the sharp
99 * sign character "#" followed by more characters. For example,
100 * <blockquote><pre>
101 * http://www.example.com/index.html#chapter1
102 * </pre></blockquote>
103 * <p>
104 * This fragment is not technically part of the URL. Rather, it
105 * indicates that after the specified resource is retrieved, the
106 * application is specifically interested in that part of the
107 * document that has the tag {@code chapter1} attached to it. The
108 * meaning of a tag is resource specific.
109 * <p>
110 * An application can also specify a "relative URL",
111 * which contains only enough information to reach the resource
112 * relative to another URL. Relative URLs are frequently used within
113 * HTML pages. For example, if the contents of the URL:
114 * <blockquote><pre>
115 * http://www.example.com/index.html
116 * </pre></blockquote>
117 * contained within it the relative URL:
118 * <blockquote><pre>
119 * FAQ.html
120 * </pre></blockquote>
121 * it would be a shorthand for:
122 * <blockquote><pre>
123 * http://www.example.com/FAQ.html
124 * </pre></blockquote>
125 * <p>
126 * The relative URL need not specify all the components of a URL. If
127 * the protocol, host name, or port number is missing, the value is
128 * inherited from the fully specified URL. The file component must be
129 * specified. The optional fragment is not inherited.
130 * <p>
131 * The URL class does not itself encode or decode any URL components
132 * according to the escaping mechanism defined in RFC2396. It is the
133 * responsibility of the caller to encode any fields, which need to be
134 * escaped prior to calling URL, and also to decode any escaped fields,
135 * that are returned from URL. Furthermore, because URL has no knowledge
136 * of URL escaping, it does not recognise equivalence between the encoded
137 * or decoded form of the same URL. For example, the two URLs:<br>
138 * <pre> http://foo.com/hello world/ and http://foo.com/hello%20world</pre>
139 * would be considered not equal to each other.
140 * <p>
141 * Note, the {@link java.net.URI} class does perform escaping of its
142 * component fields in certain circumstances. The recommended way
143 * to manage the encoding and decoding of URLs is to use {@link java.net.URI},
144 * and to convert between these two classes using {@link #toURI()} and
145 * {@link URI#toURL()}.
146 * <p>
147 * The {@link URLEncoder} and {@link URLDecoder} classes can also be
148 * used, but only for HTML form encoding, which is not the same
149 * as the encoding scheme defined in RFC2396.
150 *
151 * @apiNote
152 *
153 * Applications working with file paths and file URIs should take great
154 * care to use the appropriate methods to convert between the two.
155 * The {@link Path#of(URI)} factory method and the {@link File#File(URI)}
156 * constructor can be used to create {@link Path} or {@link File}
157 * objects from a file URI. {@link Path#toUri()} and {@link File#toURI()}
158 * can be used to create a {@link URI} from a file path, which can be
159 * converted to URL using {@link URI#toURL()}.
160 * Applications should never try to {@linkplain #URL(String, String, String)
161 * construct} or {@linkplain #URL(String) parse} a {@code URL}
162 * from the direct string representation of a {@code File} or {@code Path}
163 * instance.
164 * <p>
165 * Some components of a URL or URI, such as <i>userinfo</i>, may
166 * be abused to construct misleading URLs or URIs. Applications
167 * that deal with URLs or URIs should take into account
168 * the recommendations advised in <a
169 * href="https://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986#section-7">RFC3986,
170 * Section 7, Security Considerations</a>.
171 *
172 * @author James Gosling
173 * @since 1.0
174 */
175 public final class URL implements java.io.Serializable {
176
177 static final String BUILTIN_HANDLERS_PREFIX = "sun.net.www.protocol";
178 @java.io.Serial
179 static final long serialVersionUID = -7627629688361524110L;
180
181 /**
182 * The property which specifies the package prefix list to be scanned
183 * for protocol handlers. The value of this property (if any) should
184 * be a vertical bar delimited list of package names to search through
185 * for a protocol handler to load. The policy of this class is that
186 * all protocol handlers will be in a class called <protocolname>.Handler,
187 * and each package in the list is examined in turn for a matching
188 * handler. If none are found (or the property is not specified), the
189 * default package prefix, sun.net.www.protocol, is used. The search
190 * proceeds from the first package in the list to the last and stops
191 * when a match is found.
192 */
193 private static final String protocolPathProp = "java.protocol.handler.pkgs";
194
195 /**
196 * The protocol to use (ftp, http, nntp, ... etc.) .
197 * @serial
198 */
199 private String protocol;
200
201 /**
202 * The host name to connect to.
203 * @serial
204 */
205 private String host;
206
207 /**
208 * The protocol port to connect to.
209 * @serial
210 */
211 private int port = -1;
212
213 /**
214 * The specified file name on that host. {@code file} is
215 * defined as {@code path[?query]}
216 * @serial
217 */
218 private String file;
219
220 /**
221 * The query part of this URL.
222 */
223 private transient String query;
224
225 /**
226 * The authority part of this URL.
227 * @serial
228 */
229 private String authority;
230
231 /**
232 * The path part of this URL.
233 */
234 private transient String path;
235
236 /**
237 * The userinfo part of this URL.
238 */
239 private transient String userInfo;
240
241 /**
242 * # reference.
243 * @serial
244 */
245 private String ref;
246
247 /**
248 * The host's IP address, used in equals and hashCode.
249 * Computed on demand. An uninitialized or unknown hostAddress is null.
250 */
251 transient InetAddress hostAddress;
252
253 /**
254 * The URLStreamHandler for this URL.
255 */
256 transient URLStreamHandler handler;
257
258 /* Our hash code.
259 * @serial
260 */
261 private int hashCode = -1;
262
263 private transient UrlDeserializedState tempState;
264
265 /**
266 * Creates a {@code URL} object from the specified
267 * {@code protocol}, {@code host}, {@code port}
268 * number, and {@code file}.<p>
269 *
270 * {@code host} can be expressed as a host name or a literal
271 * IP address. If IPv6 literal address is used, it should be
272 * enclosed in square brackets ({@code '['} and {@code ']'}), as
273 * specified by <a
274 * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2732.txt">RFC 2732</a>;
275 * However, the literal IPv6 address format defined in <a
276 * href="http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2373.txt"><i>RFC 2373: IP
277 * Version 6 Addressing Architecture</i></a> is also accepted.<p>
278 *
279 * Specifying a {@code port} number of {@code -1}
280 * indicates that the URL should use the default port for the
281 * protocol.<p>
282 *
283 * If this is the first URL object being created with the specified
284 * protocol, a <i>stream protocol handler</i> object, an instance of
285 * class {@code URLStreamHandler}, is created for that protocol:
286 * <ol>
287 * <li>If the application has previously set up an instance of
288 * {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} as the stream handler factory,
289 * then the {@code createURLStreamHandler} method of that instance
290 * is called with the protocol string as an argument to create the
291 * stream protocol handler.
292 * <li>If no {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} has yet been set up,
293 * or if the factory's {@code createURLStreamHandler} method
294 * returns {@code null}, then the {@linkplain java.util.ServiceLoader
295 * ServiceLoader} mechanism is used to locate {@linkplain
296 * java.net.spi.URLStreamHandlerProvider URLStreamHandlerProvider}
297 * implementations using the system class
298 * loader. The order that providers are located is implementation
299 * specific, and an implementation is free to cache the located
300 * providers. A {@linkplain java.util.ServiceConfigurationError
301 * ServiceConfigurationError}, {@code Error} or {@code RuntimeException}
302 * thrown from the {@code createURLStreamHandler}, if encountered, will
303 * be propagated to the calling thread. The {@code
304 * createURLStreamHandler} method of each provider, if instantiated, is
305 * invoked, with the protocol string, until a provider returns non-null,
306 * or all providers have been exhausted.
307 * <li>If the previous step fails to find a protocol handler, the
308 * constructor reads the value of the system property:
309 * <blockquote>{@systemProperty
310 * java.protocol.handler.pkgs
311 * }</blockquote>
312 * If the value of that system property is not {@code null},
313 * it is interpreted as a list of packages separated by a vertical
314 * slash character '{@code |}'. The constructor tries to load
315 * the class named:
316 * <blockquote>{@code
317 * <package>.<protocol>.Handler
318 * }</blockquote>
319 * where {@code <package>} is replaced by the name of the package
320 * and {@code <protocol>} is replaced by the name of the protocol.
321 * If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not
322 * a subclass of {@code URLStreamHandler}, then the next package
323 * in the list is tried.
324 * <li>If the previous step fails to find a protocol handler, then the
325 * constructor tries to load a built-in protocol handler.
326 * If this class does not exist, or if the class exists but it is not a
327 * subclass of {@code URLStreamHandler}, then a
328 * {@code MalformedURLException} is thrown.
329 * </ol>
330 *
331 * <p>Protocol handlers for the following protocols are guaranteed
332 * to exist on the search path :-
333 * <blockquote><pre>
334 * http, https, file, and jar
335 * </pre></blockquote>
336 * Protocol handlers for additional protocols may also be available.
337 * Some protocol handlers, for example those used for loading platform
338 * classes or classes on the class path, may not be overridden. The details
339 * of such restrictions, and when those restrictions apply (during
340 * initialization of the runtime for example), are implementation specific
341 * and therefore not specified
342 *
343 * <p>No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
344 *
345 * @param protocol the name of the protocol to use.
346 * @param host the name of the host.
347 * @param port the port number on the host.
348 * @param file the file on the host
349 * @exception MalformedURLException if an unknown protocol or the port
350 * is a negative number other than -1
351 * @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
352 * @see java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(
353 * java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory)
354 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
355 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(
356 * java.lang.String)
357 */
358 public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file)
359 throws MalformedURLException
360 {
361 this(protocol, host, port, file, null);
362 }
363
364 /**
365 * Creates a URL from the specified {@code protocol}
366 * name, {@code host} name, and {@code file} name. The
367 * default port for the specified protocol is used.
368 * <p>
369 * This constructor is equivalent to the four-argument
370 * constructor with the only difference of using the
371 * default port for the specified protocol.
372 *
373 * No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
374 *
375 * @param protocol the name of the protocol to use.
376 * @param host the name of the host.
377 * @param file the file on the host.
378 * @exception MalformedURLException if an unknown protocol is specified.
379 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
380 * int, java.lang.String)
381 */
382 public URL(String protocol, String host, String file)
383 throws MalformedURLException {
384 this(protocol, host, -1, file);
385 }
386
387 /**
388 * Creates a {@code URL} object from the specified
389 * {@code protocol}, {@code host}, {@code port}
390 * number, {@code file}, and {@code handler}. Specifying
391 * a {@code port} number of {@code -1} indicates that
392 * the URL should use the default port for the protocol. Specifying
393 * a {@code handler} of {@code null} indicates that the URL
394 * should use a default stream handler for the protocol, as outlined
395 * for:
396 * java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int,
397 * java.lang.String)
398 *
399 * <p>If the handler is not null and there is a security manager,
400 * the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
401 * method is called with a
402 * {@code NetPermission("specifyStreamHandler")} permission.
403 * This may result in a SecurityException.
404 *
405 * No validation of the inputs is performed by this constructor.
406 *
407 * @param protocol the name of the protocol to use.
408 * @param host the name of the host.
409 * @param port the port number on the host.
410 * @param file the file on the host
411 * @param handler the stream handler for the URL.
412 * @exception MalformedURLException if an unknown protocol or the port
413 is a negative number other than -1
414 * @exception SecurityException
415 * if a security manager exists and its
416 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
417 * specifying a stream handler explicitly.
418 * @see java.lang.System#getProperty(java.lang.String)
419 * @see java.net.URL#setURLStreamHandlerFactory(
420 * java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory)
421 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
422 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory#createURLStreamHandler(
423 * java.lang.String)
424 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
425 * @see java.net.NetPermission
426 */
427 public URL(String protocol, String host, int port, String file,
428 URLStreamHandler handler) throws MalformedURLException {
429 if (handler != null) {
430 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
431 if (sm != null) {
432 // check for permission to specify a handler
433 checkSpecifyHandler(sm);
434 }
435 }
436
437 protocol = toLowerCase(protocol);
438 this.protocol = protocol;
439 if (host != null) {
440
441 /**
442 * if host is a literal IPv6 address,
443 * we will make it conform to RFC 2732
444 */
445 if (host.indexOf(':') >= 0 && !host.startsWith("[")) {
446 host = "["+host+"]";
447 }
448 this.host = host;
449
450 if (port < -1) {
451 throw new MalformedURLException("Invalid port number :" +
452 port);
453 }
454 this.port = port;
455 authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;
456 }
457
458 int index = file.indexOf('#');
459 this.ref = index < 0 ? null : file.substring(index + 1);
460 file = index < 0 ? file : file.substring(0, index);
461 int q = file.lastIndexOf('?');
462 if (q != -1) {
463 this.query = file.substring(q + 1);
464 this.path = file.substring(0, q);
465 this.file = path + "?" + query;
466 } else {
467 this.path = file;
468 this.file = path;
469 }
470
471 // Note: we don't do full validation of the URL here. Too risky to change
472 // right now, but worth considering for future reference. -br
473 if (handler == null &&
474 (handler = getURLStreamHandler(protocol)) == null) {
475 throw new MalformedURLException("unknown protocol: " + protocol);
476 }
477 this.handler = handler;
478 if (host != null && isBuiltinStreamHandler(handler)) {
479 String s = IPAddressUtil.checkExternalForm(this);
480 if (s != null) {
481 throw new MalformedURLException(s);
482 }
483 }
484 }
485
486 /**
487 * Creates a {@code URL} object from the {@code String}
488 * representation.
489 * <p>
490 * This constructor is equivalent to a call to the two-argument
491 * constructor with a {@code null} first argument.
492 *
493 * @param spec the {@code String} to parse as a URL.
494 * @exception MalformedURLException if no protocol is specified, or an
495 * unknown protocol is found, or {@code spec} is {@code null},
496 * or the parsed URL fails to comply with the specific syntax
497 * of the associated protocol.
498 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.net.URL, java.lang.String)
499 */
500 public URL(String spec) throws MalformedURLException {
501 this(null, spec);
502 }
503
504 /**
505 * Creates a URL by parsing the given spec within a specified context.
506 *
507 * The new URL is created from the given context URL and the spec
508 * argument as described in
509 * RFC2396 "Uniform Resource Identifiers : Generic * Syntax" :
510 * <blockquote><pre>
511 * <scheme>://<authority><path>?<query>#<fragment>
512 * </pre></blockquote>
513 * The reference is parsed into the scheme, authority, path, query and
514 * fragment parts. If the path component is empty and the scheme,
515 * authority, and query components are undefined, then the new URL is a
516 * reference to the current document. Otherwise, the fragment and query
517 * parts present in the spec are used in the new URL.
518 * <p>
519 * If the scheme component is defined in the given spec and does not match
520 * the scheme of the context, then the new URL is created as an absolute
521 * URL based on the spec alone. Otherwise the scheme component is inherited
522 * from the context URL.
523 * <p>
524 * If the authority component is present in the spec then the spec is
525 * treated as absolute and the spec authority and path will replace the
526 * context authority and path. If the authority component is absent in the
527 * spec then the authority of the new URL will be inherited from the
528 * context.
529 * <p>
530 * If the spec's path component begins with a slash character
531 * "/" then the
532 * path is treated as absolute and the spec path replaces the context path.
533 * <p>
534 * Otherwise, the path is treated as a relative path and is appended to the
535 * context path, as described in RFC2396. Also, in this case,
536 * the path is canonicalized through the removal of directory
537 * changes made by occurrences of ".." and ".".
538 * <p>
539 * For a more detailed description of URL parsing, refer to RFC2396.
540 *
541 * @param context the context in which to parse the specification.
542 * @param spec the {@code String} to parse as a URL.
543 * @exception MalformedURLException if no protocol is specified, or an
544 * unknown protocol is found, or {@code spec} is {@code null},
545 * or the parsed URL fails to comply with the specific syntax
546 * of the associated protocol.
547 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
548 * int, java.lang.String)
549 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
550 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#parseURL(java.net.URL,
551 * java.lang.String, int, int)
552 */
553 public URL(URL context, String spec) throws MalformedURLException {
554 this(context, spec, null);
555 }
556
557 /**
558 * Creates a URL by parsing the given spec with the specified handler
559 * within a specified context. If the handler is null, the parsing
560 * occurs as with the two argument constructor.
561 *
562 * @param context the context in which to parse the specification.
563 * @param spec the {@code String} to parse as a URL.
564 * @param handler the stream handler for the URL.
565 * @exception MalformedURLException if no protocol is specified, or an
566 * unknown protocol is found, or {@code spec} is {@code null},
567 * or the parsed URL fails to comply with the specific syntax
568 * of the associated protocol.
569 * @exception SecurityException
570 * if a security manager exists and its
571 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
572 * specifying a stream handler.
573 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
574 * int, java.lang.String)
575 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler
576 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#parseURL(java.net.URL,
577 * java.lang.String, int, int)
578 */
579 public URL(URL context, String spec, URLStreamHandler handler)
580 throws MalformedURLException
581 {
582 String original = spec;
583 int i, limit, c;
584 int start = 0;
585 String newProtocol = null;
586 boolean aRef=false;
587 boolean isRelative = false;
588
589 // Check for permission to specify a handler
590 if (handler != null) {
591 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
592 if (sm != null) {
593 checkSpecifyHandler(sm);
594 }
595 }
596
597 try {
598 limit = spec.length();
599 while ((limit > 0) && (spec.charAt(limit - 1) <= ' ')) {
600 limit--; //eliminate trailing whitespace
601 }
602 while ((start < limit) && (spec.charAt(start) <= ' ')) {
603 start++; // eliminate leading whitespace
604 }
605
606 if (spec.regionMatches(true, start, "url:", 0, 4)) {
607 start += 4;
608 }
609 if (start < spec.length() && spec.charAt(start) == '#') {
610 /* we're assuming this is a ref relative to the context URL.
611 * This means protocols cannot start w/ '#', but we must parse
612 * ref URL's like: "hello:there" w/ a ':' in them.
613 */
614 aRef=true;
615 }
616 for (i = start ; !aRef && (i < limit) &&
617 ((c = spec.charAt(i)) != '/') ; i++) {
618 if (c == ':') {
619 String s = toLowerCase(spec.substring(start, i));
620 if (isValidProtocol(s)) {
621 newProtocol = s;
622 start = i + 1;
623 }
624 break;
625 }
626 }
627
628 // Only use our context if the protocols match.
629 protocol = newProtocol;
630 if ((context != null) && ((newProtocol == null) ||
631 newProtocol.equalsIgnoreCase(context.protocol))) {
632 // inherit the protocol handler from the context
633 // if not specified to the constructor
634 if (handler == null) {
635 handler = context.handler;
636 }
637
638 // If the context is a hierarchical URL scheme and the spec
639 // contains a matching scheme then maintain backwards
640 // compatibility and treat it as if the spec didn't contain
641 // the scheme; see 5.2.3 of RFC2396
642 if (context.path != null && context.path.startsWith("/"))
643 newProtocol = null;
644
645 if (newProtocol == null) {
646 protocol = context.protocol;
647 authority = context.authority;
648 userInfo = context.userInfo;
649 host = context.host;
650 port = context.port;
651 file = context.file;
652 path = context.path;
653 isRelative = true;
654 }
655 }
656
657 if (protocol == null) {
658 throw new MalformedURLException("no protocol: "+original);
659 }
660
661 // Get the protocol handler if not specified or the protocol
662 // of the context could not be used
663 if (handler == null &&
664 (handler = getURLStreamHandler(protocol)) == null) {
665 throw new MalformedURLException("unknown protocol: "+protocol);
666 }
667
668 this.handler = handler;
669
670 i = spec.indexOf('#', start);
671 if (i >= 0) {
672 ref = spec.substring(i + 1, limit);
673 limit = i;
674 }
675
676 /*
677 * Handle special case inheritance of query and fragment
678 * implied by RFC2396 section 5.2.2.
679 */
680 if (isRelative && start == limit) {
681 query = context.query;
682 if (ref == null) {
683 ref = context.ref;
684 }
685 }
686
687 handler.parseURL(this, spec, start, limit);
688
689 } catch(MalformedURLException e) {
690 throw e;
691 } catch(Exception e) {
692 MalformedURLException exception = new MalformedURLException(e.getMessage());
693 exception.initCause(e);
694 throw exception;
695 }
696 }
697
698 /**
699 * Creates a URL from a URI, as if by invoking {@code uri.toURL()}.
700 *
701 * @see java.net.URI#toURL()
702 */
703 static URL fromURI(URI uri) throws MalformedURLException {
704 if (!uri.isAbsolute()) {
705 throw new IllegalArgumentException("URI is not absolute");
706 }
707 String protocol = uri.getScheme();
708
709 // In general we need to go via Handler.parseURL, but for the jrt
710 // protocol we enforce that the Handler is not overrideable and can
711 // optimize URI to URL conversion.
712 //
713 // Case-sensitive comparison for performance; malformed protocols will
714 // be handled correctly by the slow path.
715 if (protocol.equals("jrt") && !uri.isOpaque()
716 && uri.getRawFragment() == null) {
717
718 String query = uri.getRawQuery();
719 String path = uri.getRawPath();
720 String file = (query == null) ? path : path + "?" + query;
721
722 // URL represent undefined host as empty string while URI use null
723 String host = uri.getHost();
724 if (host == null) {
725 host = "";
726 }
727
728 int port = uri.getPort();
729
730 return new URL("jrt", host, port, file, null);
731 } else {
732 return new URL((URL)null, uri.toString(), null);
733 }
734 }
735
736 /*
737 * Returns true if specified string is a valid protocol name.
738 */
739 private boolean isValidProtocol(String protocol) {
740 int len = protocol.length();
741 if (len < 1)
742 return false;
743 char c = protocol.charAt(0);
744 if (!Character.isLetter(c))
745 return false;
746 for (int i = 1; i < len; i++) {
747 c = protocol.charAt(i);
748 if (!Character.isLetterOrDigit(c) && c != '.' && c != '+' &&
749 c != '-') {
750 return false;
751 }
752 }
753 return true;
754 }
755
756 /*
757 * Checks for permission to specify a stream handler.
758 */
759 private void checkSpecifyHandler(SecurityManager sm) {
760 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.SPECIFY_HANDLER_PERMISSION);
761 }
762
763 /**
764 * Sets the fields of the URL. This is not a public method so that
765 * only URLStreamHandlers can modify URL fields. URLs are
766 * otherwise constant.
767 *
768 * @param protocol the name of the protocol to use
769 * @param host the name of the host
770 @param port the port number on the host
771 * @param file the file on the host
772 * @param ref the internal reference in the URL
773 */
774 void set(String protocol, String host, int port,
775 String file, String ref) {
776 synchronized (this) {
777 this.protocol = protocol;
778 this.host = host;
779 authority = port == -1 ? host : host + ":" + port;
780 this.port = port;
781 this.file = file;
782 this.ref = ref;
783 /* This is very important. We must recompute this after the
784 * URL has been changed. */
785 hashCode = -1;
786 hostAddress = null;
787 int q = file.lastIndexOf('?');
788 if (q != -1) {
789 query = file.substring(q+1);
790 path = file.substring(0, q);
791 } else
792 path = file;
793 }
794 }
795
796 /**
797 * Sets the specified 8 fields of the URL. This is not a public method so
798 * that only URLStreamHandlers can modify URL fields. URLs are otherwise
799 * constant.
800 *
801 * @param protocol the name of the protocol to use
802 * @param host the name of the host
803 * @param port the port number on the host
804 * @param authority the authority part for the url
805 * @param userInfo the username and password
806 * @param path the file on the host
807 * @param ref the internal reference in the URL
808 * @param query the query part of this URL
809 * @since 1.3
810 */
811 void set(String protocol, String host, int port,
812 String authority, String userInfo, String path,
813 String query, String ref) {
814 synchronized (this) {
815 this.protocol = protocol;
816 this.host = host;
817 this.port = port;
818 this.file = query == null ? path : path + "?" + query;
819 this.userInfo = userInfo;
820 this.path = path;
821 this.ref = ref;
822 /* This is very important. We must recompute this after the
823 * URL has been changed. */
824 hashCode = -1;
825 hostAddress = null;
826 this.query = query;
827 this.authority = authority;
828 }
829 }
830
831 /**
832 * Gets the query part of this {@code URL}.
833 *
834 * @return the query part of this {@code URL},
835 * or <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist
836 * @since 1.3
837 */
838 public String getQuery() {
839 return query;
840 }
841
842 /**
843 * Gets the path part of this {@code URL}.
844 *
845 * @return the path part of this {@code URL}, or an
846 * empty string if one does not exist
847 * @since 1.3
848 */
849 public String getPath() {
850 return path;
851 }
852
853 /**
854 * Gets the userInfo part of this {@code URL}.
855 *
856 * @return the userInfo part of this {@code URL}, or
857 * <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist
858 * @since 1.3
859 */
860 public String getUserInfo() {
861 return userInfo;
862 }
863
864 /**
865 * Gets the authority part of this {@code URL}.
866 *
867 * @return the authority part of this {@code URL}
868 * @since 1.3
869 */
870 public String getAuthority() {
871 return authority;
872 }
873
874 /**
875 * Gets the port number of this {@code URL}.
876 *
877 * @return the port number, or -1 if the port is not set
878 */
879 public int getPort() {
880 return port;
881 }
882
883 /**
884 * Gets the default port number of the protocol associated
885 * with this {@code URL}. If the URL scheme or the URLStreamHandler
886 * for the URL do not define a default port number,
887 * then -1 is returned.
888 *
889 * @return the port number
890 * @since 1.4
891 */
892 public int getDefaultPort() {
893 return handler.getDefaultPort();
894 }
895
896 /**
897 * Gets the protocol name of this {@code URL}.
898 *
899 * @return the protocol of this {@code URL}.
900 */
901 public String getProtocol() {
902 return protocol;
903 }
904
905 /**
906 * Gets the host name of this {@code URL}, if applicable.
907 * The format of the host conforms to RFC 2732, i.e. for a
908 * literal IPv6 address, this method will return the IPv6 address
909 * enclosed in square brackets ({@code '['} and {@code ']'}).
910 *
911 * @return the host name of this {@code URL}.
912 */
913 public String getHost() {
914 return host;
915 }
916
917 /**
918 * Gets the file name of this {@code URL}.
919 * The returned file portion will be
920 * the same as <CODE>getPath()</CODE>, plus the concatenation of
921 * the value of <CODE>getQuery()</CODE>, if any. If there is
922 * no query portion, this method and <CODE>getPath()</CODE> will
923 * return identical results.
924 *
925 * @return the file name of this {@code URL},
926 * or an empty string if one does not exist
927 */
928 public String getFile() {
929 return file;
930 }
931
932 /**
933 * Gets the anchor (also known as the "reference") of this
934 * {@code URL}.
935 *
936 * @return the anchor (also known as the "reference") of this
937 * {@code URL}, or <CODE>null</CODE> if one does not exist
938 */
939 public String getRef() {
940 return ref;
941 }
942
943 /**
944 * Compares this URL for equality with another object.<p>
945 *
946 * If the given object is not a URL then this method immediately returns
947 * {@code false}.<p>
948 *
949 * Two URL objects are equal if they have the same protocol, reference
950 * equivalent hosts, have the same port number on the host, and the same
951 * file and fragment of the file.<p>
952 *
953 * Two hosts are considered equivalent if both host names can be resolved
954 * into the same IP addresses; else if either host name can't be
955 * resolved, the host names must be equal without regard to case; or both
956 * host names equal to null.<p>
957 *
958 * Since hosts comparison requires name resolution, this operation is a
959 * blocking operation. <p>
960 *
961 * Note: The defined behavior for {@code equals} is known to
962 * be inconsistent with virtual hosting in HTTP.
963 *
964 * @param obj the URL to compare against.
965 * @return {@code true} if the objects are the same;
966 * {@code false} otherwise.
967 */
968 public boolean equals(Object obj) {
969 if (!(obj instanceof URL))
970 return false;
971 URL u2 = (URL)obj;
972
973 return handler.equals(this, u2);
974 }
975
976 /**
977 * Creates an integer suitable for hash table indexing.<p>
978 *
979 * The hash code is based upon all the URL components relevant for URL
980 * comparison. As such, this operation is a blocking operation.
981 *
982 * @return a hash code for this {@code URL}.
983 */
984 public synchronized int hashCode() {
985 if (hashCode != -1)
986 return hashCode;
987
988 hashCode = handler.hashCode(this);
989 return hashCode;
990 }
991
992 /**
993 * Compares two URLs, excluding the fragment component.<p>
994 *
995 * Returns {@code true} if this {@code URL} and the
996 * {@code other} argument are equal without taking the
997 * fragment component into consideration.
998 *
999 * @param other the {@code URL} to compare against.
1000 * @return {@code true} if they reference the same remote object;
1001 * {@code false} otherwise.
1002 */
1003 public boolean sameFile(URL other) {
1004 return handler.sameFile(this, other);
1005 }
1006
1007 /**
1008 * Constructs a string representation of this {@code URL}. The
1009 * string is created by calling the {@code toExternalForm}
1010 * method of the stream protocol handler for this object.
1011 *
1012 * @return a string representation of this object.
1013 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String, int,
1014 * java.lang.String)
1015 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#toExternalForm(java.net.URL)
1016 */
1017 public String toString() {
1018 return toExternalForm();
1019 }
1020
1021 /**
1022 * Constructs a string representation of this {@code URL}. The
1023 * string is created by calling the {@code toExternalForm}
1024 * method of the stream protocol handler for this object.
1025 *
1026 * @return a string representation of this object.
1027 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
1028 * int, java.lang.String)
1029 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#toExternalForm(java.net.URL)
1030 */
1031 public String toExternalForm() {
1032 return handler.toExternalForm(this);
1033 }
1034
1035 /**
1036 * Returns a {@link java.net.URI} equivalent to this URL.
1037 * This method functions in the same way as {@code new URI (this.toString())}.
1038 * <p>Note, any URL instance that complies with RFC 2396 can be converted
1039 * to a URI. However, some URLs that are not strictly in compliance
1040 * can not be converted to a URI.
1041 *
1042 * @exception URISyntaxException if this URL is not formatted strictly according to
1043 * RFC2396 and cannot be converted to a URI.
1044 *
1045 * @return a URI instance equivalent to this URL.
1046 * @since 1.5
1047 */
1048 public URI toURI() throws URISyntaxException {
1049 URI uri = new URI(toString());
1050 if (authority != null && isBuiltinStreamHandler(handler)) {
1051 String s = IPAddressUtil.checkAuthority(this);
1052 if (s != null) throw new URISyntaxException(authority, s);
1053 }
1054 return uri;
1055 }
1056
1057 /**
1058 * Returns a {@link java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} instance that
1059 * represents a connection to the remote object referred to by the
1060 * {@code URL}.
1061 *
1062 * <P>A new instance of {@linkplain java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} is
1063 * created every time when invoking the
1064 * {@linkplain java.net.URLStreamHandler#openConnection(URL)
1065 * URLStreamHandler.openConnection(URL)} method of the protocol handler for
1066 * this URL.</P>
1067 *
1068 * <P>It should be noted that a URLConnection instance does not establish
1069 * the actual network connection on creation. This will happen only when
1070 * calling {@linkplain java.net.URLConnection#connect() URLConnection.connect()}.</P>
1071 *
1072 * <P>If for the URL's protocol (such as HTTP or JAR), there
1073 * exists a public, specialized URLConnection subclass belonging
1074 * to one of the following packages or one of their subpackages:
1075 * java.lang, java.io, java.util, java.net, the connection
1076 * returned will be of that subclass. For example, for HTTP an
1077 * HttpURLConnection will be returned, and for JAR a
1078 * JarURLConnection will be returned.</P>
1079 *
1080 * @return a {@link java.net.URLConnection URLConnection} linking
1081 * to the URL.
1082 * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
1083 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
1084 * int, java.lang.String)
1085 */
1086 public URLConnection openConnection() throws java.io.IOException {
1087 return handler.openConnection(this);
1088 }
1089
1090 /**
1091 * Same as {@link #openConnection()}, except that the connection will be
1092 * made through the specified proxy; Protocol handlers that do not
1093 * support proxying will ignore the proxy parameter and make a
1094 * normal connection.
1095 *
1096 * Invoking this method preempts the system's default
1097 * {@link java.net.ProxySelector ProxySelector} settings.
1098 *
1099 * @param proxy the Proxy through which this connection
1100 * will be made. If direct connection is desired,
1101 * Proxy.NO_PROXY should be specified.
1102 * @return a {@code URLConnection} to the URL.
1103 * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
1104 * @exception SecurityException if a security manager is present
1105 * and the caller doesn't have permission to connect
1106 * to the proxy.
1107 * @exception IllegalArgumentException will be thrown if proxy is null,
1108 * or proxy has the wrong type
1109 * @exception UnsupportedOperationException if the subclass that
1110 * implements the protocol handler doesn't support
1111 * this method.
1112 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
1113 * int, java.lang.String)
1114 * @see java.net.URLConnection
1115 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandler#openConnection(java.net.URL,
1116 * java.net.Proxy)
1117 * @since 1.5
1118 */
1119 public URLConnection openConnection(Proxy proxy)
1120 throws java.io.IOException {
1121 if (proxy == null) {
1122 throw new IllegalArgumentException("proxy can not be null");
1123 }
1124
1125 // Create a copy of Proxy as a security measure
1126 Proxy p = proxy == Proxy.NO_PROXY ? Proxy.NO_PROXY : sun.net.ApplicationProxy.create(proxy);
1127 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1128 if (p.type() != Proxy.Type.DIRECT && sm != null) {
1129 InetSocketAddress epoint = (InetSocketAddress) p.address();
1130 if (epoint.isUnresolved())
1131 sm.checkConnect(epoint.getHostName(), epoint.getPort());
1132 else
1133 sm.checkConnect(epoint.getAddress().getHostAddress(),
1134 epoint.getPort());
1135 }
1136 return handler.openConnection(this, p);
1137 }
1138
1139 /**
1140 * Opens a connection to this {@code URL} and returns an
1141 * {@code InputStream} for reading from that connection. This
1142 * method is a shorthand for:
1143 * <blockquote><pre>
1144 * openConnection().getInputStream()
1145 * </pre></blockquote>
1146 *
1147 * @return an input stream for reading from the URL connection.
1148 * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
1149 * @see java.net.URL#openConnection()
1150 * @see java.net.URLConnection#getInputStream()
1151 */
1152 public final InputStream openStream() throws java.io.IOException {
1153 return openConnection().getInputStream();
1154 }
1155
1156 /**
1157 * Gets the contents of this URL. This method is a shorthand for:
1158 * <blockquote><pre>
1159 * openConnection().getContent()
1160 * </pre></blockquote>
1161 *
1162 * @return the contents of this URL.
1163 * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
1164 * @see java.net.URLConnection#getContent()
1165 */
1166 public final Object getContent() throws java.io.IOException {
1167 return openConnection().getContent();
1168 }
1169
1170 /**
1171 * Gets the contents of this URL. This method is a shorthand for:
1172 * <blockquote><pre>
1173 * openConnection().getContent(classes)
1174 * </pre></blockquote>
1175 *
1176 * @param classes an array of Java types
1177 * @return the content object of this URL that is the first match of
1178 * the types specified in the classes array.
1179 * null if none of the requested types are supported.
1180 * @exception IOException if an I/O exception occurs.
1181 * @see java.net.URLConnection#getContent(Class[])
1182 * @since 1.3
1183 */
1184 public final Object getContent(Class<?>[] classes)
1185 throws java.io.IOException {
1186 return openConnection().getContent(classes);
1187 }
1188
1189 /**
1190 * The URLStreamHandler factory.
1191 */
1192 private static volatile URLStreamHandlerFactory factory;
1193
1194 /**
1195 * Sets an application's {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory}.
1196 * This method can be called at most once in a given Java Virtual
1197 * Machine.
1198 *
1199 *<p> The {@code URLStreamHandlerFactory} instance is used to
1200 *construct a stream protocol handler from a protocol name.
1201 *
1202 * <p> If there is a security manager, this method first calls
1203 * the security manager's {@code checkSetFactory} method
1204 * to ensure the operation is allowed.
1205 * This could result in a SecurityException.
1206 *
1207 * @param fac the desired factory.
1208 * @exception Error if the application has already set a factory.
1209 * @exception SecurityException if a security manager exists and its
1210 * {@code checkSetFactory} method doesn't allow
1211 * the operation.
1212 * @see java.net.URL#URL(java.lang.String, java.lang.String,
1213 * int, java.lang.String)
1214 * @see java.net.URLStreamHandlerFactory
1215 * @see SecurityManager#checkSetFactory
1216 */
1217 public static void setURLStreamHandlerFactory(URLStreamHandlerFactory fac) {
1218 synchronized (streamHandlerLock) {
1219 if (factory != null) {
1220 throw new Error("factory already defined");
1221 }
1222 SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
1223 if (security != null) {
1224 security.checkSetFactory();
1225 }
1226 handlers.clear();
1227
1228 // safe publication of URLStreamHandlerFactory with volatile write
1229 factory = fac;
1230 }
1231 }
1232
1233 private static final URLStreamHandlerFactory defaultFactory = new DefaultFactory();
1234
1235 private static class DefaultFactory implements URLStreamHandlerFactory {
1236 private static String PREFIX = "sun.net.www.protocol.";
1237
1238 public URLStreamHandler createURLStreamHandler(String protocol) {
1239 // Avoid using reflection during bootstrap
1240 switch (protocol) {
1241 case "file":
1242 return new sun.net.www.protocol.file.Handler();
1243 case "jar":
1244 return new sun.net.www.protocol.jar.Handler();
1245 case "jrt":
1246 return new sun.net.www.protocol.jrt.Handler();
1247 }
1248 String name = PREFIX + protocol + ".Handler";
1249 try {
1250 Object o = Class.forName(name).getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance();
1251 return (URLStreamHandler)o;
1252 } catch (Exception e) {
1253 // For compatibility, all Exceptions are ignored.
1254 // any number of exceptions can get thrown here
1255 }
1256 return null;
1257 }
1258 }
1259
1260 private static URLStreamHandler lookupViaProperty(String protocol) {
1261 String packagePrefixList =
1262 GetPropertyAction.privilegedGetProperty(protocolPathProp);
1263 if (packagePrefixList == null) {
1264 // not set
1265 return null;
1266 }
1267
1268 String[] packagePrefixes = packagePrefixList.split("\\|");
1269 URLStreamHandler handler = null;
1270 for (int i=0; handler == null && i<packagePrefixes.length; i++) {
1271 String packagePrefix = packagePrefixes[i].trim();
1272 try {
1273 String clsName = packagePrefix + "." + protocol + ".Handler";
1274 Class<?> cls = null;
1275 try {
1276 cls = Class.forName(clsName);
1277 } catch (ClassNotFoundException e) {
1278 ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
1279 if (cl != null) {
1280 cls = cl.loadClass(clsName);
1281 }
1282 }
1283 if (cls != null) {
1284 @SuppressWarnings("deprecation")
1285 Object tmp = cls.newInstance();
1286 handler = (URLStreamHandler)tmp;
1287 }
1288 } catch (Exception e) {
1289 // any number of exceptions can get thrown here
1290 }
1291 }
1292 return handler;
1293 }
1294
1295 private static Iterator<URLStreamHandlerProvider> providers() {
1296 return new Iterator<>() {
1297
1298 ClassLoader cl = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
1299 ServiceLoader<URLStreamHandlerProvider> sl =
1300 ServiceLoader.load(URLStreamHandlerProvider.class, cl);
1301 Iterator<URLStreamHandlerProvider> i = sl.iterator();
1302
1303 URLStreamHandlerProvider next = null;
1304
1305 private boolean getNext() {
1306 while (next == null) {
1307 try {
1308 if (!i.hasNext())
1309 return false;
1310 next = i.next();
1311 } catch (ServiceConfigurationError sce) {
1312 if (sce.getCause() instanceof SecurityException) {
1313 // Ignore security exceptions
1314 continue;
1315 }
1316 throw sce;
1317 }
1318 }
1319 return true;
1320 }
1321
1322 public boolean hasNext() {
1323 return getNext();
1324 }
1325
1326 public URLStreamHandlerProvider next() {
1327 if (!getNext())
1328 throw new NoSuchElementException();
1329 URLStreamHandlerProvider n = next;
1330 next = null;
1331 return n;
1332 }
1333 };
1334 }
1335
1336 // Thread-local gate to prevent recursive provider lookups
1337 private static ThreadLocal<Object> gate = new ThreadLocal<>();
1338
1339 private static URLStreamHandler lookupViaProviders(final String protocol) {
1340 if (gate.get() != null)
1341 throw new Error("Circular loading of URL stream handler providers detected");
1342
1343 gate.set(gate);
1344 try {
1345 return AccessController.doPrivileged(
1346 new PrivilegedAction<>() {
1347 public URLStreamHandler run() {
1348 Iterator<URLStreamHandlerProvider> itr = providers();
1349 while (itr.hasNext()) {
1350 URLStreamHandlerProvider f = itr.next();
1351 URLStreamHandler h = f.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
1352 if (h != null)
1353 return h;
1354 }
1355 return null;
1356 }
1357 });
1358 } finally {
1359 gate.set(null);
1360 }
1361 }
1362
1363 /**
1364 * Returns the protocol in lower case. Special cases known protocols
1365 * to avoid loading locale classes during startup.
1366 */
1367 static String toLowerCase(String protocol) {
1368 if (protocol.equals("jrt") || protocol.equals("file") || protocol.equals("jar")) {
1369 return protocol;
1370 } else {
1371 return protocol.toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT);
1372 }
1373 }
1374
1375 /**
1376 * Non-overrideable protocols: "jrt" and "file"
1377 *
1378 * Character-based comparison for performance reasons; also ensures
1379 * case-insensitive comparison in a locale-independent fashion.
1380 */
1381 static boolean isOverrideable(String protocol) {
1382 if (protocol.length() == 3) {
1383 if ((Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(0)) == 'j') &&
1384 (Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(1)) == 'r') &&
1385 (Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(2)) == 't')) {
1386 return false;
1387 }
1388 } else if (protocol.length() == 4) {
1389 if ((Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(0)) == 'f') &&
1390 (Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(1)) == 'i') &&
1391 (Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(2)) == 'l') &&
1392 (Character.toLowerCase(protocol.charAt(3)) == 'e')) {
1393 return false;
1394 }
1395 }
1396 return true;
1397 }
1398
1399 /**
1400 * A table of protocol handlers.
1401 */
1402 static Hashtable<String,URLStreamHandler> handlers = new Hashtable<>();
1403 private static final Object streamHandlerLock = new Object();
1404
1405 /**
1406 * Returns the Stream Handler.
1407 * @param protocol the protocol to use
1408 */
1409 static URLStreamHandler getURLStreamHandler(String protocol) {
1410
1411 URLStreamHandler handler = handlers.get(protocol);
1412
1413 if (handler != null) {
1414 return handler;
1415 }
1416
1417 URLStreamHandlerFactory fac;
1418 boolean checkedWithFactory = false;
1419 boolean overrideableProtocol = isOverrideable(protocol);
1420
1421 if (overrideableProtocol && jdk.internal.misc.VM.isBooted()) {
1422 // Use the factory (if any). Volatile read makes
1423 // URLStreamHandlerFactory appear fully initialized to current thread.
1424 fac = factory;
1425 if (fac != null) {
1426 handler = fac.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
1427 checkedWithFactory = true;
1428 }
1429
1430 if (handler == null && !protocol.equalsIgnoreCase("jar")) {
1431 handler = lookupViaProviders(protocol);
1432 }
1433
1434 if (handler == null) {
1435 handler = lookupViaProperty(protocol);
1436 }
1437 }
1438
1439 if (handler == null) {
1440 // Try the built-in protocol handler
1441 handler = defaultFactory.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
1442 }
1443
1444 synchronized (streamHandlerLock) {
1445 URLStreamHandler handler2 = null;
1446
1447 // Check again with hashtable just in case another
1448 // thread created a handler since we last checked
1449 handler2 = handlers.get(protocol);
1450
1451 if (handler2 != null) {
1452 return handler2;
1453 }
1454
1455 // Check with factory if another thread set a
1456 // factory since our last check
1457 if (overrideableProtocol && !checkedWithFactory &&
1458 (fac = factory) != null) {
1459 handler2 = fac.createURLStreamHandler(protocol);
1460 }
1461
1462 if (handler2 != null) {
1463 // The handler from the factory must be given more
1464 // importance. Discard the default handler that
1465 // this thread created.
1466 handler = handler2;
1467 }
1468
1469 // Insert this handler into the hashtable
1470 if (handler != null) {
1471 handlers.put(protocol, handler);
1472 }
1473 }
1474 return handler;
1475 }
1476
1477 /**
1478 * @serialField protocol String
1479 *
1480 * @serialField host String
1481 *
1482 * @serialField port int
1483 *
1484 * @serialField authority String
1485 *
1486 * @serialField file String
1487 *
1488 * @serialField ref String
1489 *
1490 * @serialField hashCode int
1491 *
1492 */
1493 @java.io.Serial
1494 private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields = {
1495 new ObjectStreamField("protocol", String.class),
1496 new ObjectStreamField("host", String.class),
1497 new ObjectStreamField("port", int.class),
1498 new ObjectStreamField("authority", String.class),
1499 new ObjectStreamField("file", String.class),
1500 new ObjectStreamField("ref", String.class),
1501 new ObjectStreamField("hashCode", int.class), };
1502
1503 /**
1504 * WriteObject is called to save the state of the URL to an
1505 * ObjectOutputStream. The handler is not saved since it is
1506 * specific to this system.
1507 *
1508 * @serialData the default write object value. When read back in,
1509 * the reader must ensure that calling getURLStreamHandler with
1510 * the protocol variable returns a valid URLStreamHandler and
1511 * throw an IOException if it does not.
1512 */
1513 @java.io.Serial
1514 private synchronized void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
1515 throws IOException
1516 {
1517 s.defaultWriteObject(); // write the fields
1518 }
1519
1520 /**
1521 * readObject is called to restore the state of the URL from the
1522 * stream. It reads the components of the URL and finds the local
1523 * stream handler.
1524 */
1525 @java.io.Serial
1526 private synchronized void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
1527 throws IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
1528 GetField gf = s.readFields();
1529 String protocol = (String)gf.get("protocol", null);
1530 if (getURLStreamHandler(protocol) == null) {
1531 throw new IOException("unknown protocol: " + protocol);
1532 }
1533 String host = (String)gf.get("host", null);
1534 int port = gf.get("port", -1);
1535 String authority = (String)gf.get("authority", null);
1536 String file = (String)gf.get("file", null);
1537 String ref = (String)gf.get("ref", null);
1538 int hashCode = gf.get("hashCode", -1);
1539 if (authority == null
1540 && ((host != null && !host.isEmpty()) || port != -1)) {
1541 if (host == null)
1542 host = "";
1543 authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;
1544 }
1545 tempState = new UrlDeserializedState(protocol, host, port, authority,
1546 file, ref, hashCode);
1547 }
1548
1549 /**
1550 * Replaces the de-serialized object with an URL object.
1551 *
1552 * @return a newly created object from deserialized data
1553 *
1554 * @throws ObjectStreamException if a new object replacing this
1555 * object could not be created
1556 */
1557 @java.io.Serial
1558 private Object readResolve() throws ObjectStreamException {
1559
1560 URLStreamHandler handler = null;
1561 // already been checked in readObject
1562 handler = getURLStreamHandler(tempState.getProtocol());
1563
1564 URL replacementURL = null;
1565 if (isBuiltinStreamHandler(handler.getClass().getName())) {
1566 replacementURL = fabricateNewURL();
1567 } else {
1568 replacementURL = setDeserializedFields(handler);
1569 }
1570 return replacementURL;
1571 }
1572
1573 private URL setDeserializedFields(URLStreamHandler handler) {
1574 URL replacementURL;
1575 String userInfo = null;
1576 String protocol = tempState.getProtocol();
1577 String host = tempState.getHost();
1578 int port = tempState.getPort();
1579 String authority = tempState.getAuthority();
1580 String file = tempState.getFile();
1581 String ref = tempState.getRef();
1582 int hashCode = tempState.getHashCode();
1583
1584
1585 // Construct authority part
1586 if (authority == null
1587 && ((host != null && !host.isEmpty()) || port != -1)) {
1588 if (host == null)
1589 host = "";
1590 authority = (port == -1) ? host : host + ":" + port;
1591
1592 // Handle hosts with userInfo in them
1593 int at = host.lastIndexOf('@');
1594 if (at != -1) {
1595 userInfo = host.substring(0, at);
1596 host = host.substring(at+1);
1597 }
1598 } else if (authority != null) {
1599 // Construct user info part
1600 int ind = authority.indexOf('@');
1601 if (ind != -1)
1602 userInfo = authority.substring(0, ind);
1603 }
1604
1605 // Construct path and query part
1606 String path = null;
1607 String query = null;
1608 if (file != null) {
1609 // Fix: only do this if hierarchical?
1610 int q = file.lastIndexOf('?');
1611 if (q != -1) {
1612 query = file.substring(q+1);
1613 path = file.substring(0, q);
1614 } else
1615 path = file;
1616 }
1617
1618 // Set the object fields.
1619 this.protocol = protocol;
1620 this.host = host;
1621 this.port = port;
1622 this.file = file;
1623 this.authority = authority;
1624 this.ref = ref;
1625 this.hashCode = hashCode;
1626 this.handler = handler;
1627 this.query = query;
1628 this.path = path;
1629 this.userInfo = userInfo;
1630 replacementURL = this;
1631 return replacementURL;
1632 }
1633
1634 private URL fabricateNewURL()
1635 throws InvalidObjectException {
1636 // create URL string from deserialized object
1637 URL replacementURL = null;
1638 String urlString = tempState.reconstituteUrlString();
1639
1640 try {
1641 replacementURL = new URL(urlString);
1642 } catch (MalformedURLException mEx) {
1643 resetState();
1644 InvalidObjectException invoEx = new InvalidObjectException(
1645 "Malformed URL: " + urlString);
1646 invoEx.initCause(mEx);
1647 throw invoEx;
1648 }
1649 replacementURL.setSerializedHashCode(tempState.getHashCode());
1650 resetState();
1651 return replacementURL;
1652 }
1653
1654 boolean isBuiltinStreamHandler(URLStreamHandler handler) {
1655 return isBuiltinStreamHandler(handler.getClass().getName());
1656 }
1657
1658 private boolean isBuiltinStreamHandler(String handlerClassName) {
1659 return (handlerClassName.startsWith(BUILTIN_HANDLERS_PREFIX));
1660 }
1661
1662 private void resetState() {
1663 this.protocol = null;
1664 this.host = null;
1665 this.port = -1;
1666 this.file = null;
1667 this.authority = null;
1668 this.ref = null;
1669 this.hashCode = -1;
1670 this.handler = null;
1671 this.query = null;
1672 this.path = null;
1673 this.userInfo = null;
1674 this.tempState = null;
1675 }
1676
1677 private void setSerializedHashCode(int hc) {
1678 this.hashCode = hc;
1679 }
1680
1681 static {
1682 SharedSecrets.setJavaNetURLAccess(
1683 new JavaNetURLAccess() {
1684 @Override
1685 public URLStreamHandler getHandler(URL u) {
1686 return u.handler;
1687 }
1688 }
1689 );
1690 }
1691 }
1692
1693 final class UrlDeserializedState {
1694 private final String protocol;
1695 private final String host;
1696 private final int port;
1697 private final String authority;
1698 private final String file;
1699 private final String ref;
1700 private final int hashCode;
1701
1702 public UrlDeserializedState(String protocol,
1703 String host, int port,
1704 String authority, String file,
1705 String ref, int hashCode) {
1706 this.protocol = protocol;
1707 this.host = host;
1708 this.port = port;
1709 this.authority = authority;
1710 this.file = file;
1711 this.ref = ref;
1712 this.hashCode = hashCode;
1713 }
1714
1715 String getProtocol() {
1716 return protocol;
1717 }
1718
1719 String getHost() {
1720 return host;
1721 }
1722
1723 String getAuthority () {
1724 return authority;
1725 }
1726
1727 int getPort() {
1728 return port;
1729 }
1730
1731 String getFile () {
1732 return file;
1733 }
1734
1735 String getRef () {
1736 return ref;
1737 }
1738
1739 int getHashCode () {
1740 return hashCode;
1741 }
1742
1743 String reconstituteUrlString() {
1744
1745 // pre-compute length of StringBuffer
1746 int len = protocol.length() + 1;
1747 if (authority != null && !authority.isEmpty())
1748 len += 2 + authority.length();
1749 if (file != null) {
1750 len += file.length();
1751 }
1752 if (ref != null)
1753 len += 1 + ref.length();
1754 StringBuilder result = new StringBuilder(len);
1755 result.append(protocol);
1756 result.append(":");
1757 if (authority != null && !authority.isEmpty()) {
1758 result.append("//");
1759 result.append(authority);
1760 }
1761 if (file != null) {
1762 result.append(file);
1763 }
1764 if (ref != null) {
1765 result.append("#");
1766 result.append(ref);
1767 }
1768 return result.toString();
1769 }
1770 }