1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2012, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  28 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
  29 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  30 #include "memory/cardTableRS.hpp"
  31 #include "memory/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  32 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  34 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  35 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  36 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  37 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  38 #include "services/management.hpp"
  39 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  40 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  41 #include "utilities/taskqueue.hpp"
  42 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux
  43 # include "os_linux.inline.hpp"
  44 #endif
  45 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris
  46 # include "os_solaris.inline.hpp"
  47 #endif
  48 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows
  49 # include "os_windows.inline.hpp"
  50 #endif
  51 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd
  52 # include "os_bsd.inline.hpp"
  53 #endif
  54 #ifndef SERIALGC
  55 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
  56 #endif
  57 
  58 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  59 #define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  60 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  61 
  62 char**  Arguments::_jvm_flags_array             = NULL;
  63 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_flags               = 0;
  64 char**  Arguments::_jvm_args_array              = NULL;
  65 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_args                = 0;
  66 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  67 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  68 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  69 bool   Arguments::_has_profile                  = false;
  70 bool   Arguments::_has_alloc_profile            = false;
  71 uintx  Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
  72 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  73 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
  74 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
  75 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
  76 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  77 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
  78 bool   Arguments::_created_by_gamma_launcher    = false;
  79 
  80 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args(JavaVMInitArgs*)
  81 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
  82 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
  83 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
  84 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
  85 
  86 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
  87 
  88 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
  89 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
  90 
  91 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
  92 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
  93 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
  94 
  95 
  96 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_ext_dirs = NULL;
  97 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_endorsed_dirs = NULL;
  98 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
  99 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
 100 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 101 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 102 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_class_path = NULL;
 103 
 104 char* Arguments::_meta_index_path = NULL;
 105 char* Arguments::_meta_index_dir = NULL;
 106 
 107 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' remaining part of option string
 108 
 109 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 110                          const char** tail) {
 111   int len = (int)strlen(name);
 112   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 113     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 114     return true;
 115   } else {
 116     return false;
 117   }
 118 }
 119 
 120 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 121   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 122     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 123   }
 124 }
 125 
 126 // Process java launcher properties.
 127 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 128   // See if sun.java.launcher or sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 129   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 130   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 131   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 132     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 133     const char* tail;
 134 
 135     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 136       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 137       continue;
 138     }
 139     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 140       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 141       continue;
 142     }
 143   }
 144 }
 145 
 146 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 147 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 148 
 149   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 150                                                                  "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 151   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 152   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 153   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 154 
 155   // following are JVMTI agent writeable properties.
 156   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 157   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 158   _java_ext_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.ext.dirs", NULL,  true);
 159   _java_endorsed_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.endorsed.dirs", NULL,  true);
 160   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 161   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 162   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 163   _sun_boot_class_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.class.path", NULL,  true);
 164 
 165   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 166 
 167   // Add to System Property list.
 168   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_ext_dirs);
 169   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_endorsed_dirs);
 170   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 171   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 172   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 173   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 174   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_class_path);
 175 
 176   // Set OS specific system properties values
 177   os::init_system_properties_values();
 178 }
 179 
 180 
 181   // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 182 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 183   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 184   char buffer[bufsz];
 185   const char* spec_vendor = "Sun Microsystems Inc.";
 186   uint32_t spec_version = 0;
 187 
 188   if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
 189     spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 190     spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 191   }
 192   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, "1." UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 193 
 194   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 195       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 196   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 197       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 198   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 199       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 200 }
 201 
 202 /**
 203  * Provide a slightly more user-friendly way of eliminating -XX flags.
 204  * When a flag is eliminated, it can be added to this list in order to
 205  * continue accepting this flag on the command-line, while issuing a warning
 206  * and ignoring the value.  Once the JDK version reaches the 'accept_until'
 207  * limit, we flatly refuse to admit the existence of the flag.  This allows
 208  * a flag to die correctly over JDK releases using HSX.
 209  */
 210 typedef struct {
 211   const char* name;
 212   JDK_Version obsoleted_in; // when the flag went away
 213   JDK_Version accept_until; // which version to start denying the existence
 214 } ObsoleteFlag;
 215 
 216 static ObsoleteFlag obsolete_jvm_flags[] = {
 217   { "UseTrainGC",                    JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 218   { "UseSpecialLargeObjectHandling", JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 219   { "UseOversizedCarHandling",       JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 220   { "TraceCarAllocation",            JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 221   { "PrintTrainGCProcessingStats",   JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 222   { "LogOfCarSpaceSize",             JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 223   { "OversizedCarThreshold",         JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 224   { "MinTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 225   { "DefaultTickInterval",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 226   { "MaxTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 227   { "DelayTickAdjustment",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 228   { "ProcessingToTenuringRatio",     JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 229   { "MinTrainLength",                JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 230   { "AppendRatio",         JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,10), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 231   { "DefaultMaxRAM",       JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 232   { "DefaultInitialRAMFraction",
 233                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 234   { "UseDepthFirstScavengeOrder",
 235                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,22), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 236   { "HandlePromotionFailure",
 237                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 238   { "MaxLiveObjectEvacuationRatio",
 239                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 240   { "ForceSharedSpaces",   JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,25), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 241   { "UseParallelOldGCCompacting",
 242                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 243   { "UseParallelDensePrefixUpdate",
 244                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 245   { "UseParallelOldGCDensePrefix",
 246                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 247   { "AllowTransitionalJSR292",       JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 248   { "UseCompressedStrings",          JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 249   { "CMSPermGenPrecleaningEnabled", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 250   { "CMSTriggerPermRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 251   { "CMSInitiatingPermOccupancyFraction", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 252   { "AdaptivePermSizeWeight", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 253   { "PermGenPadding", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 254   { "PermMarkSweepDeadRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 255   { "PermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 256   { "MaxPermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 257   { "MinPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 258   { "MaxPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 259   { "CMSRevisitStackSize",           JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 260   { "PrintRevisitStats",             JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 261   { "UseVectoredExceptions",         JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 262 #ifdef PRODUCT
 263   { "DesiredMethodLimit",
 264                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7, 2), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 265 #endif // PRODUCT
 266   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 267 };
 268 
 269 // Returns true if the flag is obsolete and fits into the range specified
 270 // for being ignored.  In the case that the flag is ignored, the 'version'
 271 // value is filled in with the version number when the flag became
 272 // obsolete so that that value can be displayed to the user.
 273 bool Arguments::is_newly_obsolete(const char *s, JDK_Version* version) {
 274   int i = 0;
 275   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 276   while (obsolete_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL) {
 277     const ObsoleteFlag& flag_status = obsolete_jvm_flags[i];
 278     // <flag>=xxx form
 279     // [-|+]<flag> form
 280     if ((strncmp(flag_status.name, s, strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0) ||
 281         ((s[0] == '+' || s[0] == '-') &&
 282         (strncmp(flag_status.name, &s[1], strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0))) {
 283       if (JDK_Version::current().compare(flag_status.accept_until) == -1) {
 284           *version = flag_status.obsoleted_in;
 285           return true;
 286       }
 287     }
 288     i++;
 289   }
 290   return false;
 291 }
 292 
 293 // Constructs the system class path (aka boot class path) from the following
 294 // components, in order:
 295 //
 296 //     prefix           // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 297 //     endorsed         // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 298 //     base             // from os::get_system_properties() or -Xbootclasspath=
 299 //     suffix           // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 300 //
 301 // java.endorsed.dirs is a list of directories; any jar or zip files in the
 302 // directories are added to the sysclasspath just before the base.
 303 //
 304 // This could be AllStatic, but it isn't needed after argument processing is
 305 // complete.
 306 class SysClassPath: public StackObj {
 307 public:
 308   SysClassPath(const char* base);
 309   ~SysClassPath();
 310 
 311   inline void set_base(const char* base);
 312   inline void add_prefix(const char* prefix);
 313   inline void add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix);
 314   inline void add_suffix(const char* suffix);
 315   inline void reset_path(const char* base);
 316 
 317   // Expand the jar/zip files in each directory listed by the java.endorsed.dirs
 318   // property.  Must be called after all command-line arguments have been
 319   // processed (in particular, -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...) and before calling
 320   // combined_path().
 321   void expand_endorsed();
 322 
 323   inline const char* get_base()     const { return _items[_scp_base]; }
 324   inline const char* get_prefix()   const { return _items[_scp_prefix]; }
 325   inline const char* get_suffix()   const { return _items[_scp_suffix]; }
 326   inline const char* get_endorsed() const { return _items[_scp_endorsed]; }
 327 
 328   // Combine all the components into a single c-heap-allocated string; caller
 329   // must free the string if/when no longer needed.
 330   char* combined_path();
 331 
 332 private:
 333   // Utility routines.
 334   static char* add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend);
 335   static char* add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory);
 336 
 337   inline void reset_item_at(int index);
 338 
 339   // Array indices for the items that make up the sysclasspath.  All except the
 340   // base are allocated in the C heap and freed by this class.
 341   enum {
 342     _scp_prefix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 343     _scp_endorsed,      // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 344     _scp_base,          // the default sysclasspath
 345     _scp_suffix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 346     _scp_nitems         // the number of items, must be last.
 347   };
 348 
 349   const char* _items[_scp_nitems];
 350   DEBUG_ONLY(bool _expansion_done;)
 351 };
 352 
 353 SysClassPath::SysClassPath(const char* base) {
 354   memset(_items, 0, sizeof(_items));
 355   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 356   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 357 }
 358 
 359 SysClassPath::~SysClassPath() {
 360   // Free everything except the base.
 361   for (int i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 362     if (i != _scp_base) reset_item_at(i);
 363   }
 364   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 365 }
 366 
 367 inline void SysClassPath::set_base(const char* base) {
 368   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 369 }
 370 
 371 inline void SysClassPath::add_prefix(const char* prefix) {
 372   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], prefix, true);
 373 }
 374 
 375 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix) {
 376   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], suffix, false);
 377 }
 378 
 379 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix(const char* suffix) {
 380   _items[_scp_suffix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_suffix], suffix, false);
 381 }
 382 
 383 inline void SysClassPath::reset_item_at(int index) {
 384   assert(index < _scp_nitems && index != _scp_base, "just checking");
 385   if (_items[index] != NULL) {
 386     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _items[index], mtInternal);
 387     _items[index] = NULL;
 388   }
 389 }
 390 
 391 inline void SysClassPath::reset_path(const char* base) {
 392   // Clear the prefix and suffix.
 393   reset_item_at(_scp_prefix);
 394   reset_item_at(_scp_suffix);
 395   set_base(base);
 396 }
 397 
 398 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 399 
 400 void SysClassPath::expand_endorsed() {
 401   assert(_items[_scp_endorsed] == NULL, "can only be called once.");
 402 
 403   const char* path = Arguments::get_property("java.endorsed.dirs");
 404   if (path == NULL) {
 405     path = Arguments::get_endorsed_dir();
 406     assert(path != NULL, "no default for java.endorsed.dirs");
 407   }
 408 
 409   char* expanded_path = NULL;
 410   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 411   const char* const end = path + strlen(path);
 412   while (path < end) {
 413     const char* tmp_end = strchr(path, separator);
 414     if (tmp_end == NULL) {
 415       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, path);
 416       path = end;
 417     } else {
 418       char* dirpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, tmp_end - path + 1, mtInternal);
 419       memcpy(dirpath, path, tmp_end - path);
 420       dirpath[tmp_end - path] = '\0';
 421       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, dirpath);
 422       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dirpath, mtInternal);
 423       path = tmp_end + 1;
 424     }
 425   }
 426   _items[_scp_endorsed] = expanded_path;
 427   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = true;)
 428 }
 429 
 430 // Combine the bootclasspath elements, some of which may be null, into a single
 431 // c-heap-allocated string.
 432 char* SysClassPath::combined_path() {
 433   assert(_items[_scp_base] != NULL, "empty default sysclasspath");
 434   assert(_expansion_done, "must call expand_endorsed() first.");
 435 
 436   size_t lengths[_scp_nitems];
 437   size_t total_len = 0;
 438 
 439   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 440 
 441   // Get the lengths.
 442   int i;
 443   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 444     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 445       lengths[i] = strlen(_items[i]);
 446       // Include space for the separator char (or a NULL for the last item).
 447       total_len += lengths[i] + 1;
 448     }
 449   }
 450   assert(total_len > 0, "empty sysclasspath not allowed");
 451 
 452   // Copy the _items to a single string.
 453   char* cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, total_len, mtInternal);
 454   char* cp_tmp = cp;
 455   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 456     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 457       memcpy(cp_tmp, _items[i], lengths[i]);
 458       cp_tmp += lengths[i];
 459       *cp_tmp++ = separator;
 460     }
 461   }
 462   *--cp_tmp = '\0';     // Replace the extra separator.
 463   return cp;
 464 }
 465 
 466 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 467 char*
 468 SysClassPath::add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend) {
 469   char *cp;
 470 
 471   assert(str != NULL, "just checking");
 472   if (path == NULL) {
 473     size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
 474     cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 475     memcpy(cp, str, len);                       // copy the trailing null
 476   } else {
 477     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 478     size_t old_len = strlen(path);
 479     size_t str_len = strlen(str);
 480     size_t len = old_len + str_len + 2;
 481 
 482     if (prepend) {
 483       cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 484       char* cp_tmp = cp;
 485       memcpy(cp_tmp, str, str_len);
 486       cp_tmp += str_len;
 487       *cp_tmp = separator;
 488       memcpy(++cp_tmp, path, old_len + 1);      // copy the trailing null
 489       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, mtInternal);
 490     } else {
 491       cp = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, len, mtInternal);
 492       char* cp_tmp = cp + old_len;
 493       *cp_tmp = separator;
 494       memcpy(++cp_tmp, str, str_len + 1);       // copy the trailing null
 495     }
 496   }
 497   return cp;
 498 }
 499 
 500 // Scan the directory and append any jar or zip files found to path.
 501 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 502 char* SysClassPath::add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory) {
 503   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
 504   if (dir == NULL) return path;
 505 
 506   char dir_sep[2] = { '\0', '\0' };
 507   size_t directory_len = strlen(directory);
 508   const char fileSep = *os::file_separator();
 509   if (directory[directory_len - 1] != fileSep) dir_sep[0] = fileSep;
 510 
 511   /* Scan the directory for jars/zips, appending them to path. */
 512   struct dirent *entry;
 513   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtInternal);
 514   while ((entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
 515     const char* name = entry->d_name;
 516     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
 517     bool isJarOrZip = ext > name &&
 518       (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0 ||
 519        os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".zip") == 0);
 520     if (isJarOrZip) {
 521       char* jarpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, directory_len + 2 + strlen(name), mtInternal);
 522       sprintf(jarpath, "%s%s%s", directory, dir_sep, name);
 523       path = add_to_path(path, jarpath, false);
 524       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jarpath, mtInternal);
 525     }
 526   }
 527   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf, mtInternal);
 528   os::closedir(dir);
 529   return path;
 530 }
 531 
 532 // Parses a memory size specification string.
 533 static bool atomull(const char *s, julong* result) {
 534   julong n = 0;
 535   int args_read = sscanf(s, os::julong_format_specifier(), &n);
 536   if (args_read != 1) {
 537     return false;
 538   }
 539   while (*s != '\0' && isdigit(*s)) {
 540     s++;
 541   }
 542   // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
 543   if (strlen(s) > 1) {
 544     return false;
 545   }
 546   switch (*s) {
 547     case 'T': case 't':
 548       *result = n * G * K;
 549       // Check for overflow.
 550       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 551       return true;
 552     case 'G': case 'g':
 553       *result = n * G;
 554       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 555       return true;
 556     case 'M': case 'm':
 557       *result = n * M;
 558       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 559       return true;
 560     case 'K': case 'k':
 561       *result = n * K;
 562       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 563       return true;
 564     case '\0':
 565       *result = n;
 566       return true;
 567     default:
 568       return false;
 569   }
 570 }
 571 
 572 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size) {
 573   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 574   // Check that size will fit in a size_t (only relevant on 32-bit)
 575   if (size > max_uintx) return arg_too_big;
 576   return arg_in_range;
 577 }
 578 
 579 // Describe an argument out of range error
 580 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 581   switch(errcode) {
 582   case arg_too_big:
 583     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 584                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 585                 "representable size.\n");
 586     break;
 587   case arg_too_small:
 588   case arg_unreadable:
 589   case arg_in_range:
 590     // do nothing for now
 591     break;
 592   default:
 593     ShouldNotReachHere();
 594   }
 595 }
 596 
 597 static bool set_bool_flag(char* name, bool value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 598   return CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 599 }
 600 
 601 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 602   double v;
 603   if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &v) != 1) {
 604     return false;
 605   }
 606 
 607   if (CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin)) {
 608     return true;
 609   }
 610   return false;
 611 }
 612 
 613 static bool set_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 614   julong v;
 615   intx intx_v;
 616   bool is_neg = false;
 617   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
 618   if (*value == '-') {
 619     if (!CommandLineFlags::intxAt(name, &intx_v)) {
 620       return false;
 621     }
 622     value++;
 623     is_neg = true;
 624   }
 625   if (!atomull(value, &v)) {
 626     return false;
 627   }
 628   intx_v = (intx) v;
 629   if (is_neg) {
 630     intx_v = -intx_v;
 631   }
 632   if (CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut(name, &intx_v, origin)) {
 633     return true;
 634   }
 635   uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 636   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut(name, &uintx_v, origin)) {
 637     return true;
 638   }
 639   uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 640   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut(name, &uint64_t_v, origin)) {
 641     return true;
 642   }
 643   return false;
 644 }
 645 
 646 static bool set_string_flag(char* name, const char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 647   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin))  return false;
 648   // Contract:  CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 649   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 650   return true;
 651 }
 652 
 653 static bool append_to_string_flag(char* name, const char* new_value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 654   const char* old_value = "";
 655   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt(name, &old_value))  return false;
 656   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 657   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 658   const char* value;
 659   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 660   if (old_len == 0) {
 661     value = new_value;
 662   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 663     value = old_value;
 664   } else {
 665     char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, old_len + 1 + new_len + 1, mtInternal);
 666     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 667     sprintf(buf, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 668     value = buf;
 669     free_this_too = buf;
 670   }
 671   (void) CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 672   // CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 673   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 674   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 675     // CommandLineFlags made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 676     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too, mtInternal);
 677   }
 678   return true;
 679 }
 680 
 681 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 682 
 683   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
 684 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
 685 #define BUFLEN 255
 686   char name[BUFLEN+1];
 687   char dummy;
 688 
 689   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 690     return set_bool_flag(name, false, origin);
 691   }
 692   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 693     return set_bool_flag(name, true, origin);
 694   }
 695 
 696   char punct;
 697   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 698     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 699     Flag* flag = Flag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 700     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
 701       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 702         return append_to_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 703       } else {
 704         if (value[0] == '\0') {
 705           value = NULL;
 706         }
 707         return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 708       }
 709     }
 710   }
 711 
 712   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 713     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 714     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 715     if (value[0] == '\0') {
 716       value = NULL;
 717     }
 718     return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 719   }
 720 
 721 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.]"
 722 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
 723 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789]"
 724   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
 725   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
 726   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
 727     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
 728     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 729       return set_fp_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 730     }
 731   }
 732 
 733 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtKMGT0123456789]"
 734   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 735     return set_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 736   }
 737 
 738   return false;
 739 }
 740 
 741 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 742   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
 743 
 744   if (arg == NULL) {
 745     return;
 746   }
 747 
 748   int index = *count;
 749 
 750   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 751   (*count)++;
 752   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
 753     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *count, mtInternal);
 754   } else {
 755     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, *count, mtInternal);
 756   }
 757   (*bldarray)[index] = strdup(arg);
 758 }
 759 
 760 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
 761   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
 762 }
 763 
 764 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
 765   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
 766 }
 767 
 768 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
 769 // strings in a given char** array
 770 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
 771   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
 772     return NULL;
 773   }
 774   size_t length = strlen(args[0]) + 1; // add 1 for the null terminator
 775   for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
 776     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space
 777   }
 778   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
 779   strcpy(s, args[0]);
 780   for (int j = 1; j < count; j++) {
 781     strcat(s, " ");
 782     strcat(s, args[j]);
 783   }
 784   return (const char*) s;
 785 }
 786 
 787 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
 788   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
 789   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
 790     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
 791   }
 792   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
 793     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
 794   }
 795   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
 796   if (_java_class_path != NULL) {
 797     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
 798     st->print_cr("java_class_path (initial): %s", strlen(path) == 0 ? "<not set>" : path );
 799   }
 800   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
 801 }
 802 
 803 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
 804   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
 805     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
 806       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
 807     }
 808     st->print_cr("");
 809   }
 810 }
 811 
 812 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
 813   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
 814     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
 815       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
 816     }
 817     st->print_cr("");
 818   }
 819 }
 820 
 821 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
 822     jboolean ignore_unrecognized, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 823 
 824   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 825 
 826   if (parse_argument(arg, origin) || ignore_unrecognized) {
 827     return true;
 828   }
 829 
 830   const char * const argname = *arg == '+' || *arg == '-' ? arg + 1 : arg;
 831   if (is_newly_obsolete(arg, &since)) {
 832     char version[256];
 833     since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 834     warning("ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", argname, version);
 835     return true;
 836   }
 837 
 838   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
 839   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
 840 
 841   Flag* locked_flag = Flag::find_flag((char*)argname, strlen(argname), true);
 842   if (locked_flag != NULL) {
 843     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
 844     locked_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
 845     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
 846       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 847         "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 848     } else {
 849       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
 850     }
 851   } else {
 852     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 853                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 854   }
 855 
 856   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
 857   return arg[0] == '#';
 858 }
 859 
 860 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
 861   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
 862   if (stream == NULL) {
 863     if (should_exist) {
 864       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 865                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
 866       return false;
 867     } else {
 868       return true;
 869     }
 870   }
 871 
 872   char token[1024];
 873   int  pos = 0;
 874 
 875   bool in_white_space = true;
 876   bool in_comment     = false;
 877   bool in_quote       = false;
 878   char quote_c        = 0;
 879   bool result         = true;
 880 
 881   int c = getc(stream);
 882   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
 883     if (in_white_space) {
 884       if (in_comment) {
 885         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
 886       } else {
 887         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
 888         else if (!isspace(c)) {
 889           in_white_space = false;
 890           token[pos++] = c;
 891         }
 892       }
 893     } else {
 894       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
 895         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
 896         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
 897         token[pos] = '\0';
 898         logOption(token);
 899         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, CONFIG_FILE);
 900         build_jvm_flags(token);
 901         pos = 0;
 902         in_white_space = true;
 903         in_quote = false;
 904       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 905         in_quote = true;
 906         quote_c = c;
 907       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
 908         in_quote = false;
 909       } else {
 910         token[pos++] = c;
 911       }
 912     }
 913     c = getc(stream);
 914   }
 915   if (pos > 0) {
 916     token[pos] = '\0';
 917     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, CONFIG_FILE);
 918     build_jvm_flags(token);
 919   }
 920   fclose(stream);
 921   return result;
 922 }
 923 
 924 //=============================================================================================================
 925 // Parsing of properties (-D)
 926 
 927 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
 928   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
 929 }
 930 
 931 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop) {
 932   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
 933   char* key;
 934   // ns must be static--its address may be stored in a SystemProperty object.
 935   const static char ns[1] = {0};
 936   char* value = (char *)ns;
 937 
 938   size_t key_len = (eq == NULL) ? strlen(prop) : (eq - prop);
 939   key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtInternal);
 940   strncpy(key, prop, key_len);
 941   key[key_len] = '\0';
 942 
 943   if (eq != NULL) {
 944     size_t value_len = strlen(prop) - key_len - 1;
 945     value = AllocateHeap(value_len + 1, mtInternal);
 946     strncpy(value, &prop[key_len + 1], value_len + 1);
 947   }
 948 
 949   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
 950     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
 951     FreeHeap(key);
 952     if (eq != NULL) {
 953       FreeHeap(value);
 954     }
 955     return true;
 956   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
 957     _java_command = value;
 958 
 959     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
 960   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
 961     // launcher.pid property is private and is processed
 962     // in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
 963     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
 964     FreeHeap(key);
 965     if (eq != NULL) {
 966       FreeHeap(value);
 967     }
 968     return true;
 969   } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
 970     // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
 971     // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
 972     _java_vendor_url_bug = value;
 973   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
 974     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, true);
 975     return true;
 976   }
 977   // Create new property and add at the end of the list
 978   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value);
 979   return true;
 980 }
 981 
 982 //===========================================================================================================
 983 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
 984 
 985 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
 986   // Set up default values for all flags.
 987   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
 988   // add a default value for it here.
 989   set_java_compiler(false);
 990   _mode                      = mode;
 991 
 992   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
 993   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
 994   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
 995                           (char*)VM_Version::vm_info_string(), false);
 996 
 997   UseInterpreter             = true;
 998   UseCompiler                = true;
 999   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1000 
1001 #ifndef ZERO
1002   // Turn these off for mixed and comp.  Leave them on for Zero.
1003   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastAccessorMethods)) {
1004     UseFastAccessorMethods = (mode == _int);
1005   }
1006   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastEmptyMethods)) {
1007     UseFastEmptyMethods = (mode == _int);
1008   }
1009 #endif
1010 
1011   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1012   // use the saved values
1013   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1014   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1015   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1016   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1017 
1018   // Change from defaults based on mode
1019   switch (mode) {
1020   default:
1021     ShouldNotReachHere();
1022     break;
1023   case _int:
1024     UseCompiler              = false;
1025     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1026     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1027     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1028     break;
1029   case _mixed:
1030     // same as default
1031     break;
1032   case _comp:
1033     UseInterpreter           = false;
1034     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1035     ClipInlining             = false;
1036     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1037     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1038     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1039     if (TieredCompilation) {
1040       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1041       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1042     }
1043     break;
1044   }
1045 }
1046 
1047 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1048 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1049 
1050 static void no_shared_spaces() {
1051   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1052     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1053       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1054     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", NULL);
1055   } else {
1056     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1057   }
1058 }
1059 
1060 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1061   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1062   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1063     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1064   }
1065   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1066     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1067       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1068   }
1069   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1070   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1071     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 2);
1072   }
1073 }
1074 
1075 #if INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
1076 static void disable_adaptive_size_policy(const char* collector_name) {
1077   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1078     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy)) {
1079       warning("disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with %s.",
1080               collector_name);
1081     }
1082     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy, false);
1083   }
1084 }
1085 
1086 // If the user has chosen ParallelGCThreads > 0, we set UseParNewGC
1087 // if it's not explictly set or unset. If the user has chosen
1088 // UseParNewGC and not explicitly set ParallelGCThreads we
1089 // set it, unless this is a single cpu machine.
1090 void Arguments::set_parnew_gc_flags() {
1091   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC && !UseG1GC,
1092          "control point invariant");
1093   assert(UseParNewGC, "Error");
1094 
1095   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy for parnew until it is complete.
1096   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseParNewGC");
1097 
1098   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1099     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1100                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1101     if (ParallelGCThreads == 1) {
1102       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC, false);
1103       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, 0);
1104     }
1105   }
1106   if (UseParNewGC) {
1107     // By default YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize are set to 4096 and 1024 respectively,
1108     // these settings are default for Parallel Scavenger. For ParNew+Tenured configuration
1109     // we set them to 1024 and 1024.
1110     // See CR 6362902.
1111     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize)) {
1112       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1113     }
1114     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1115       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1116     }
1117 
1118     // AlwaysTenure flag should make ParNew promote all at first collection.
1119     // See CR 6362902.
1120     if (AlwaysTenure) {
1121       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0);
1122     }
1123     // When using compressed oops, we use local overflow stacks,
1124     // rather than using a global overflow list chained through
1125     // the klass word of the object's pre-image.
1126     if (UseCompressedOops && !ParGCUseLocalOverflow) {
1127       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow)) {
1128         warning("Forcing +ParGCUseLocalOverflow: needed if using compressed references");
1129       }
1130       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow, true);
1131     }
1132     assert(ParGCUseLocalOverflow || !UseCompressedOops, "Error");
1133   }
1134 }
1135 
1136 // Adjust some sizes to suit CMS and/or ParNew needs; these work well on
1137 // sparc/solaris for certain applications, but would gain from
1138 // further optimization and tuning efforts, and would almost
1139 // certainly gain from analysis of platform and environment.
1140 void Arguments::set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags() {
1141   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC, "Error");
1142   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1143 
1144   // If we are using CMS, we prefer to UseParNewGC,
1145   // unless explicitly forbidden.
1146   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC)) {
1147     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParNewGC, true);
1148   }
1149 
1150   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy by default for cms until it is complete.
1151   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseConcMarkSweepGC");
1152 
1153   // In either case, adjust ParallelGCThreads and/or UseParNewGC
1154   // as needed.
1155   if (UseParNewGC) {
1156     set_parnew_gc_flags();
1157   }
1158 
1159   // MaxHeapSize is aligned down in collectorPolicy
1160   size_t max_heap = align_size_down(MaxHeapSize,
1161                                     CardTableRS::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
1162 
1163   // Now make adjustments for CMS
1164   intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;
1165   size_t young_gen_per_worker = CMSYoungGenPerWorker;
1166 
1167   // Preferred young gen size for "short" pauses:
1168   // upper bound depends on # of threads and NewRatio.
1169   const uintx parallel_gc_threads =
1170     (ParallelGCThreads == 0 ? 1 : ParallelGCThreads);
1171   const size_t preferred_max_new_size_unaligned =
1172     MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * parallel_gc_threads));
1173   size_t preferred_max_new_size =
1174     align_size_up(preferred_max_new_size_unaligned, os::vm_page_size());
1175 
1176   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size young gen
1177   // for "short" pauses ~ CMSYoungGenPerWorker*ParallelGCThreads
1178 
1179   // If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
1180   // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
1181   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {
1182 
1183     // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
1184     // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
1185     // preferred_max_new_size.
1186     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
1187       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
1188     } else {
1189       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
1190     }
1191     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1192       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1193       tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
1194     }
1195 
1196     // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
1197 
1198     assert(max_heap >= InitialHeapSize, "Error");
1199     assert(max_heap >= NewSize, "Error");
1200 
1201     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1202       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1203       tty->print_cr("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT
1204            " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT
1205            " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
1206            min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
1207     }
1208     size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
1209     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
1210       min_new = NewSize;
1211     }
1212     if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
1213       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
1214       // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
1215       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1216         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
1217         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
1218         if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1219           // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1220           tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
1221         }
1222       }
1223       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
1224       // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
1225       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
1226         if (max_heap > NewSize) {
1227           FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
1228           if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1229             // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1230             tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
1231           }
1232         }
1233       }
1234     }
1235   }
1236   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
1237   // promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
1238   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
1239       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1240     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
1241   }
1242   // If we decided above (or user explicitly requested)
1243   // `promote all' (via MaxTenuringThreshold := 0),
1244   // prefer minuscule survivor spaces so as not to waste
1245   // space for (non-existent) survivors
1246   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio) && MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
1247     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, SurvivorRatio, MAX2((intx)1024, SurvivorRatio));
1248   }
1249   // If OldPLABSize is set and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is not,
1250   // set CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim equal to OldPLABSize.
1251   // This is done in order to make ParNew+CMS configuration to work
1252   // with YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize options.
1253   // See CR 6362902.
1254   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1255     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1256       // OldPLABSize is not the default value but CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim
1257       // is.  In this situtation let CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim follow
1258       // the value (either from the command line or ergonomics) of
1259       // OldPLABSize.  Following OldPLABSize is an ergonomics decision.
1260       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, OldPLABSize);
1261     } else {
1262       // OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim are both set.
1263       // CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is a collector-specific flag, so
1264       // we'll let it to take precedence.
1265       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1266                   "Both OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim"
1267                   " options are specified for the CMS collector."
1268                   " CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim will take precedence.\n");
1269     }
1270   }
1271   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ResizeOldPLAB) && !ResizeOldPLAB) {
1272     // OldPLAB sizing manually turned off: Use a larger default setting,
1273     // unless it was manually specified. This is because a too-low value
1274     // will slow down scavenges.
1275     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1276       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, 50); // default value before 6631166
1277     }
1278   }
1279   // Overwrite OldPLABSize which is the variable we will internally use everywhere.
1280   FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldPLABSize, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim);
1281   // If either of the static initialization defaults have changed, note this
1282   // modification.
1283   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABWeight)) {
1284     CFLS_LAB::modify_initialization(OldPLABSize, OldPLABWeight);
1285   }
1286   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1287     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1288       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1289     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1290   }
1291 }
1292 #endif // INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
1293 
1294 void set_object_alignment() {
1295   // Object alignment.
1296   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1297   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1298   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1299   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1300   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1301   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1302 
1303   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1304   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1305 
1306   // Oop encoding heap max
1307   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1308 
1309 #if INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
1310   // Set CMS global values
1311   CompactibleFreeListSpace::set_cms_values();
1312 #endif // INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
1313 }
1314 
1315 bool verify_object_alignment() {
1316   // Object alignment.
1317   if (!is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes)) {
1318     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1319                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be power of 2\n",
1320                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1321     return false;
1322   }
1323   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes < BytesPerLong) {
1324     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1325                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be greater or equal %d\n",
1326                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, BytesPerLong);
1327     return false;
1328   }
1329   // It does not make sense to have big object alignment
1330   // since a space lost due to alignment will be greater
1331   // then a saved space from compressed oops.
1332   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes > 256) {
1333     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1334                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must not be greater then 256\n",
1335                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1336     return false;
1337   }
1338   // In case page size is very small.
1339   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes >= os::vm_page_size()) {
1340     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1341                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be less then page size %d\n",
1342                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, os::vm_page_size());
1343     return false;
1344   }
1345   return true;
1346 }
1347 
1348 inline uintx max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1349   // Avoid sign flip.
1350   if (OopEncodingHeapMax < ClassMetaspaceSize + os::vm_page_size()) {
1351     return 0;
1352   }
1353   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - ClassMetaspaceSize - os::vm_page_size());
1354   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1355 }
1356 
1357 bool Arguments::should_auto_select_low_pause_collector() {
1358   if (UseAutoGCSelectPolicy &&
1359       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis) &&
1360       (MaxGCPauseMillis <= AutoGCSelectPauseMillis)) {
1361     if (PrintGCDetails) {
1362       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1363       tty->print_cr("Automatic selection of the low pause collector"
1364        " based on pause goal of %d (ms)", MaxGCPauseMillis);
1365     }
1366     return true;
1367   }
1368   return false;
1369 }
1370 
1371 void Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1372 
1373   if (os::is_server_class_machine()) {
1374     // If no other collector is requested explicitly,
1375     // let the VM select the collector based on
1376     // machine class and automatic selection policy.
1377     if (!UseSerialGC &&
1378         !UseConcMarkSweepGC &&
1379         !UseG1GC &&
1380         !UseParNewGC &&
1381         FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC)) {
1382       if (should_auto_select_low_pause_collector()) {
1383         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
1384       } else {
1385         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
1386       }
1387     }
1388     // Shared spaces work fine with other GCs but causes bytecode rewriting
1389     // to be disabled, which hurts interpreter performance and decreases
1390     // server performance.   On server class machines, keep the default
1391     // off unless it is asked for.  Future work: either add bytecode rewriting
1392     // at link time, or rewrite bytecodes in non-shared methods.
1393     if (!DumpSharedSpaces && !RequireSharedSpaces) {
1394       no_shared_spaces();
1395     }
1396   }
1397 
1398 #ifndef ZERO
1399 #ifdef _LP64
1400   // Check that UseCompressedOops can be set with the max heap size allocated
1401   // by ergonomics.
1402   if (MaxHeapSize <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1403 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1404     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1405       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1406     }
1407 #endif
1408 #ifdef _WIN64
1409     if (UseLargePages && UseCompressedOops) {
1410       // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed addressing
1411       // mode, when large pages are specified on windows.
1412       // This flag could be switched ON if narrow oop base address is set to 0,
1413       // see code in Universe::initialize_heap().
1414       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
1415     }
1416 #endif //  _WIN64
1417   } else {
1418     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1419       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1420       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1421       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers, false);
1422     }
1423   }
1424   // UseCompressedOops must be on for UseCompressedKlassPointers to be on.
1425   if (!UseCompressedOops) {
1426     if (UseCompressedKlassPointers) {
1427       warning("UseCompressedKlassPointers requires UseCompressedOops");
1428     }
1429     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers, false);
1430   } else {
1431     // Turn on UseCompressedKlassPointers too
1432     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers)) {
1433       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedKlassPointers, true);
1434     }
1435     // Set the ClassMetaspaceSize to something that will not need to be
1436     // expanded, since it cannot be expanded.
1437     if (UseCompressedKlassPointers && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ClassMetaspaceSize)) {
1438       // 100,000 classes seems like a good size, so 100M assumes around 1K
1439       // per klass.   The vtable and oopMap is embedded so we don't have a fixed
1440       // size per klass.   Eventually, this will be parameterized because it
1441       // would also be useful to determine the optimal size of the
1442       // systemDictionary.
1443       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, ClassMetaspaceSize, 100*M);
1444     }
1445   }
1446   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1447   // in vm_version initialization code.
1448 #endif // _LP64
1449 #endif // !ZERO
1450 }
1451 
1452 void Arguments::set_parallel_gc_flags() {
1453   assert(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC, "Error");
1454   // Enable ParallelOld unless it was explicitly disabled (cmd line or rc file).
1455   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC)) {
1456     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, true);
1457   }
1458   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, true);
1459 
1460   // If no heap maximum was requested explicitly, use some reasonable fraction
1461   // of the physical memory, up to a maximum of 1GB.
1462   if (UseParallelGC) {
1463     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1464                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1465 
1466     // If InitialSurvivorRatio or MinSurvivorRatio were not specified, but the
1467     // SurvivorRatio has been set, reset their default values to SurvivorRatio +
1468     // 2.  By doing this we make SurvivorRatio also work for Parallel Scavenger.
1469     // See CR 6362902 for details.
1470     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1471       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio)) {
1472          FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1473       }
1474       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio)) {
1475         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1476       }
1477     }
1478 
1479     if (UseParallelOldGC) {
1480       // Par compact uses lower default values since they are treated as
1481       // minimums.  These are different defaults because of the different
1482       // interpretation and are not ergonomically set.
1483       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1484         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio, 1);
1485       }
1486     }
1487   }
1488 }
1489 
1490 void Arguments::set_g1_gc_flags() {
1491   assert(UseG1GC, "Error");
1492 #ifdef COMPILER1
1493   FastTLABRefill = false;
1494 #endif
1495   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1496                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1497   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1498     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1499                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1500   }
1501 
1502   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkStackSize)) {
1503     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkStackSize, 128 * TASKQUEUE_SIZE);
1504   }
1505   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1506     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1507       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1508     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1509   }
1510 
1511   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio) || GCTimeRatio == 0) {
1512     // In G1, we want the default GC overhead goal to be higher than
1513     // say in PS. So we set it here to 10%. Otherwise the heap might
1514     // be expanded more aggressively than we would like it to. In
1515     // fact, even 10% seems to not be high enough in some cases
1516     // (especially small GC stress tests that the main thing they do
1517     // is allocation). We might consider increase it further.
1518     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio, 9);
1519   }
1520 }
1521 
1522 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1523   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
1524     // Deprecated flag
1525     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxRAMFraction, DefaultMaxRAMFraction);
1526   }
1527 
1528   const julong phys_mem =
1529     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1530                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
1531 
1532   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1533   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1534   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1535   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1536     julong reasonable_max = phys_mem / MaxRAMFraction;
1537 
1538     if (phys_mem <= MaxHeapSize * MinRAMFraction) {
1539       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1540       reasonable_max = phys_mem / MinRAMFraction;
1541     } else {
1542       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1543       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1544       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1545     }
1546     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1547       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1548       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1549     }
1550     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1551       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1552       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1553       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1554         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1555         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1556         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1557       }
1558       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1559     }
1560     reasonable_max = os::allocatable_physical_memory(reasonable_max);
1561 
1562     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1563       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1564       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1565       // after call to allocatable_physical_memory because that
1566       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1567       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1568     }
1569 
1570     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1571       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1572       tty->print_cr("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, reasonable_max);
1573     }
1574     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_max);
1575   }
1576 
1577   // If the initial_heap_size has not been set with InitialHeapSize
1578   // or -Xms, then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1579   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1580   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1581     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1582 
1583     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1584 
1585     reasonable_minimum = os::allocatable_physical_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1586 
1587     julong reasonable_initial = phys_mem / InitialRAMFraction;
1588 
1589     reasonable_initial = MAX2(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum);
1590     reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1591 
1592     reasonable_initial = os::allocatable_physical_memory(reasonable_initial);
1593 
1594     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1595       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1596       tty->print_cr("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1597       tty->print_cr("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_minimum);
1598     }
1599     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1600     set_min_heap_size((uintx)reasonable_minimum);
1601   }
1602 }
1603 
1604 // This must be called after ergonomics because we want bytecode rewriting
1605 // if the server compiler is used, or if UseSharedSpaces is disabled.
1606 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1607   // Better not attempt to store into a read-only space.
1608   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
1609     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteBytecodes, false);
1610     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1611   }
1612 
1613   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1614     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1615   }
1616 }
1617 
1618 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
1619 void Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1620 #ifdef COMPILER2
1621   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1622     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1623       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1624     }
1625     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1626       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
1627     }
1628 
1629     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1630     char buffer[1024];
1631     sprintf(buffer, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
1632     add_property(buffer);
1633   }
1634   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
1635     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
1636   }
1637 #endif
1638 
1639   if (AggressiveOpts) {
1640 // Sample flag setting code
1641 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
1642 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
1643 //    }
1644   }
1645 }
1646 
1647 //===========================================================================================================
1648 // Parsing of java.compiler property
1649 
1650 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(char* arg) {
1651   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
1652   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
1653   // is also specified.
1654   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
1655     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
1656   }
1657 }
1658 
1659 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1660   _sun_java_launcher = strdup(launcher);
1661   if (strcmp("gamma", _sun_java_launcher) == 0) {
1662     _created_by_gamma_launcher = true;
1663   }
1664 }
1665 
1666 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1667   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
1668   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1669 }
1670 
1671 bool Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() {
1672   return _created_by_gamma_launcher;
1673 }
1674 
1675 //===========================================================================================================
1676 // Parsing of main arguments
1677 
1678 bool Arguments::verify_interval(uintx val, uintx min,
1679                                 uintx max, const char* name) {
1680   // Returns true iff value is in the inclusive interval [min..max]
1681   // false, otherwise.
1682   if (val >= min && val <= max) {
1683     return true;
1684   }
1685   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1686               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between " UINTX_FORMAT
1687               " and " UINTX_FORMAT "\n",
1688               name, val, min, max);
1689   return false;
1690 }
1691 
1692 bool Arguments::verify_min_value(intx val, intx min, const char* name) {
1693   // Returns true if given value is at least specified min threshold
1694   // false, otherwise.
1695   if (val >= min ) {
1696       return true;
1697   }
1698   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1699               "%s of " INTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be at least " INTX_FORMAT "\n",
1700               name, val, min);
1701   return false;
1702 }
1703 
1704 bool Arguments::verify_percentage(uintx value, const char* name) {
1705   if (value <= 100) {
1706     return true;
1707   }
1708   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1709               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between 0 and 100\n",
1710               name, value);
1711   return false;
1712 }
1713 
1714 static void force_serial_gc() {
1715   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSerialGC, true);
1716   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC, false);
1717   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
1718   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSIncrementalMode, false);  // special CMS suboption
1719   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, false);
1720   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, false);
1721   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseG1GC, false);
1722 }
1723 
1724 static bool verify_serial_gc_flags() {
1725   return (UseSerialGC &&
1726         !(UseParNewGC || (UseConcMarkSweepGC || CMSIncrementalMode) || UseG1GC ||
1727           UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC));
1728 }
1729 
1730 // check if do gclog rotation
1731 // +UseGCLogFileRotation is a must,
1732 // no gc log rotation when log file not supplied or
1733 // NumberOfGCLogFiles is 0, or GCLogFileSize is 0
1734 void check_gclog_consistency() {
1735   if (UseGCLogFileRotation) {
1736     if ((Arguments::gc_log_filename() == NULL) ||
1737         (NumberOfGCLogFiles == 0)  ||
1738         (GCLogFileSize == 0)) {
1739       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1740                   "To enable GC log rotation, use -Xloggc:<filename> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=<num_of_files> -XX:GCLogFileSize=<num_of_size>\n"
1741                   "where num_of_file > 0 and num_of_size > 0\n"
1742                   "GC log rotation is turned off\n");
1743       UseGCLogFileRotation = false;
1744     }
1745   }
1746 
1747   if (UseGCLogFileRotation && GCLogFileSize < 8*K) {
1748         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, GCLogFileSize, 8*K);
1749         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1750                     "GCLogFileSize changed to minimum 8K\n");
1751   }
1752 }
1753 
1754 // Check consistency of GC selection
1755 bool Arguments::check_gc_consistency() {
1756   check_gclog_consistency();
1757   bool status = true;
1758   // Ensure that the user has not selected conflicting sets
1759   // of collectors. [Note: this check is merely a user convenience;
1760   // collectors over-ride each other so that only a non-conflicting
1761   // set is selected; however what the user gets is not what they
1762   // may have expected from the combination they asked for. It's
1763   // better to reduce user confusion by not allowing them to
1764   // select conflicting combinations.
1765   uint i = 0;
1766   if (UseSerialGC)                       i++;
1767   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseParNewGC) i++;
1768   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) i++;
1769   if (UseG1GC)                           i++;
1770   if (i > 1) {
1771     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1772                 "Conflicting collector combinations in option list; "
1773                 "please refer to the release notes for the combinations "
1774                 "allowed\n");
1775     status = false;
1776   }
1777 
1778   return status;
1779 }
1780 
1781 // Check stack pages settings
1782 bool Arguments::check_stack_pages()
1783 {
1784   bool status = true;
1785   status = status && verify_min_value(StackYellowPages, 1, "StackYellowPages");
1786   status = status && verify_min_value(StackRedPages, 1, "StackRedPages");
1787   // greater stack shadow pages can't generate instruction to bang stack
1788   status = status && verify_interval(StackShadowPages, 1, 50, "StackShadowPages");
1789   return status;
1790 }
1791 
1792 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
1793 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
1794   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
1795   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
1796   // before returning an error.
1797   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
1798   bool status = true;
1799 
1800 #if ( (defined(COMPILER2) && defined(SPARC)))
1801   // NOTE: The call to VM_Version_init depends on the fact that VM_Version_init
1802   // on sparc doesn't require generation of a stub as is the case on, e.g.,
1803   // x86.  Normally, VM_Version_init must be called from init_globals in
1804   // init.cpp, which is called by the initial java thread *after* arguments
1805   // have been parsed.  VM_Version_init gets called twice on sparc.
1806   extern void VM_Version_init();
1807   VM_Version_init();
1808   if (!VM_Version::has_v9()) {
1809     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1810                 "V8 Machine detected, Server requires V9\n");
1811     status = false;
1812   }
1813 #endif /* COMPILER2 && SPARC */
1814 
1815   // Allow both -XX:-UseStackBanging and -XX:-UseBoundThreads in non-product
1816   // builds so the cost of stack banging can be measured.
1817 #if (defined(PRODUCT) && defined(SOLARIS))
1818   if (!UseBoundThreads && !UseStackBanging) {
1819     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1820                 "-UseStackBanging conflicts with -UseBoundThreads\n");
1821 
1822      status = false;
1823   }
1824 #endif
1825 
1826   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
1827     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1828                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
1829                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
1830                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
1831     status = false;
1832   }
1833 
1834   status = status && verify_percentage(AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight,
1835                               "AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight");
1836   status = status && verify_percentage(ThresholdTolerance, "ThresholdTolerance");
1837   status = status && verify_percentage(MinHeapFreeRatio, "MinHeapFreeRatio");
1838   status = status && verify_percentage(MaxHeapFreeRatio, "MaxHeapFreeRatio");
1839 
1840   // Divide by bucket size to prevent a large size from causing rollover when
1841   // calculating amount of memory needed to be allocated for the String table.
1842   status = status && verify_interval(StringTableSize, defaultStringTableSize,
1843     (max_uintx / StringTable::bucket_size()), "StringTable size");
1844 
1845   if (MinHeapFreeRatio > MaxHeapFreeRatio) {
1846     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1847                 "MinHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
1848                 "equal to MaxHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ")\n",
1849                 MinHeapFreeRatio, MaxHeapFreeRatio);
1850     status = false;
1851   }
1852   // Keeping the heap 100% free is hard ;-) so limit it to 99%.
1853   MinHeapFreeRatio = MIN2(MinHeapFreeRatio, (uintx) 99);
1854 
1855   if (FullGCALot && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount)) {
1856     MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount = 1;  // Move objects every gc.
1857   }
1858 
1859   if (UseParallelOldGC && ParallelOldGCSplitALot) {
1860     // Settings to encourage splitting.
1861     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewRatio)) {
1862       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, NewRatio, 2);
1863     }
1864     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
1865       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
1866     }
1867   }
1868 
1869   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
1870   status = status && verify_percentage(GCTimeLimit, "GCTimeLimit");
1871   if (GCTimeLimit == 100) {
1872     // Turn off gc-overhead-limit-exceeded checks
1873     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
1874   }
1875 
1876   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
1877 
1878   status = status && check_gc_consistency();
1879   status = status && check_stack_pages();
1880 
1881   if (_has_alloc_profile) {
1882     if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
1883       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1884                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1885                   "Allocation profiling (-Xaprof) cannot be used together with "
1886                   "Parallel GC (-XX:+UseParallelGC or -XX:+UseParallelOldGC).\n");
1887       status = false;
1888     }
1889     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1890       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1891                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1892                   "Allocation profiling (-Xaprof) cannot be used together with "
1893                   "the CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC).\n");
1894       status = false;
1895     }
1896   }
1897 
1898   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
1899     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1900       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1901                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1902                   "The CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC) must be "
1903                   "selected in order\nto use CMSIncrementalMode.\n");
1904       status = false;
1905     } else {
1906       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycle,
1907                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycle");
1908       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin,
1909                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin");
1910       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor,
1911                                   "CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor");
1912       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalOffset,
1913                                   "CMSIncrementalOffset");
1914       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSExpAvgFactor,
1915                                   "CMSExpAvgFactor");
1916       // If it was not set on the command line, set
1917       // CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction to 1 so icms can initiate cycles early.
1918       if (CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction < 0) {
1919         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction, 1);
1920       }
1921     }
1922   }
1923 
1924   // CMS space iteration, which FLSVerifyAllHeapreferences entails,
1925   // insists that we hold the requisite locks so that the iteration is
1926   // MT-safe. For the verification at start-up and shut-down, we don't
1927   // yet have a good way of acquiring and releasing these locks,
1928   // which are not visible at the CollectedHeap level. We want to
1929   // be able to acquire these locks and then do the iteration rather
1930   // than just disable the lock verification. This will be fixed under
1931   // bug 4788986.
1932   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences) {
1933     if (VerifyGCStartAt == 0) {
1934       warning("Heap verification at start-up disabled "
1935               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
1936       VerifyGCStartAt = 1;      // Disable verification at start-up
1937     }
1938     if (VerifyBeforeExit) {
1939       warning("Heap verification at shutdown disabled "
1940               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
1941       VerifyBeforeExit = false; // Disable verification at shutdown
1942     }
1943   }
1944 
1945   // Note: only executed in non-PRODUCT mode
1946   if (!UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC &&
1947       (ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent ||
1948        ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses)) {
1949     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1950                 "error: +ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent[AndUnloadsClasses] conflicts"
1951                 " with -UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC");
1952     status = false;
1953   }
1954 
1955   status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCArrayScanChunk, 1, "ParGCArrayScanChunk");
1956 
1957 #ifndef SERIALGC
1958   if (UseG1GC) {
1959     status = status && verify_percentage(InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent,
1960                                          "InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent");
1961     status = status && verify_min_value(G1RefProcDrainInterval, 1,
1962                                         "G1RefProcDrainInterval");
1963     status = status && verify_min_value((intx)G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis, 1,
1964                                         "G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis");
1965   }
1966 #endif
1967 
1968   status = status && verify_interval(RefDiscoveryPolicy,
1969                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMin,
1970                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMax,
1971                                      "RefDiscoveryPolicy");
1972 
1973   // Limit the lower bound of this flag to 1 as it is used in a division
1974   // expression.
1975   status = status && verify_interval(TLABWasteTargetPercent,
1976                                      1, 100, "TLABWasteTargetPercent");
1977 
1978   status = status && verify_object_alignment();
1979 
1980   status = status && verify_min_value(ClassMetaspaceSize, 1*M,
1981                                       "ClassMetaspaceSize");
1982 
1983 #ifdef SPARC
1984   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseG1GC) {
1985     // Issue a stern warning if the user has explicitly set
1986     // UseMemSetInBOT (it is known to cause issues), but allow
1987     // use for experimentation and debugging.
1988     if (VM_Version::is_sun4v() && UseMemSetInBOT) {
1989       assert(!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseMemSetInBOT), "Error");
1990       warning("Experimental flag -XX:+UseMemSetInBOT is known to cause instability"
1991           " on sun4v; please understand that you are using at your own risk!");
1992     }
1993   }
1994 #endif // SPARC
1995 
1996   if (PrintNMTStatistics) {
1997 #if INCLUDE_NMT
1998     if (MemTracker::tracking_level() == MemTracker::NMT_off) {
1999 #endif // INCLUDE_NMT
2000       warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2001       PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2002 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2003     }
2004 #endif
2005   }
2006 
2007   return status;
2008 }
2009 
2010 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2011   const char* option_type) {
2012   if (ignore) return false;
2013 
2014   const char* spacer = " ";
2015   if (option_type == NULL) {
2016     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2017   }
2018 
2019   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2020     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2021                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2022       option->optionString);
2023     return false;
2024   } else {
2025     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2026                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2027       option->optionString);
2028     return true;
2029   }
2030 }
2031 
2032 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2033   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2034 };
2035 
2036 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2037   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2038 };
2039 
2040 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
2041 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
2042 // the option must match exactly.
2043 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
2044   bool tail_allowed) {
2045   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
2046     if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
2047       if (**tail == '\0' || tail_allowed && **tail == ':') {
2048         return true;
2049       }
2050     }
2051   }
2052   return false;
2053 }
2054 
2055 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2056                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2057                             uintx min_size) {
2058 
2059   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
2060   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2061 
2062   if (value_is_positive) {
2063     julong n;
2064     bool good_return = atomull(value, &n);
2065     if (good_return) {
2066       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2067       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2068 
2069       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2070         *uintx_arg = n;
2071         return true;
2072       }
2073     }
2074   }
2075   return false;
2076 }
2077 
2078 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2079                                                   julong* long_arg,
2080                                                   julong min_size) {
2081   if (!atomull(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2082   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size);
2083 }
2084 
2085 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2086 
2087 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
2088   // For components of the system classpath.
2089   SysClassPath scp(Arguments::get_sysclasspath());
2090   bool scp_assembly_required = false;
2091 
2092   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2093   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2094   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2095   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2096   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2097 
2098   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2099   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2100 
2101   // Parse JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable (if present)
2102   jint result = parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2103   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2104     return result;
2105   }
2106 
2107   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in
2108   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required, COMMAND_LINE);
2109   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2110     return result;
2111   }
2112 
2113   if (AggressiveOpts) {
2114     // Insert alt-rt.jar between user-specified bootclasspath
2115     // prefix and the default bootclasspath.  os::set_boot_path()
2116     // uses meta_index_dir as the default bootclasspath directory.
2117     const char* altclasses_jar = "alt-rt.jar";
2118     size_t altclasses_path_len = strlen(get_meta_index_dir()) + 1 +
2119                                  strlen(altclasses_jar);
2120     char* altclasses_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, altclasses_path_len, mtInternal);
2121     strcpy(altclasses_path, get_meta_index_dir());
2122     strcat(altclasses_path, altclasses_jar);
2123     scp.add_suffix_to_prefix(altclasses_path);
2124     scp_assembly_required = true;
2125     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, altclasses_path, mtInternal);
2126   }
2127 
2128   if (WhiteBoxAPI) {
2129     // Append wb.jar to bootclasspath if enabled
2130     const char* wb_jar = "wb.jar";
2131     size_t wb_path_len = strlen(get_meta_index_dir()) + 1 +
2132                          strlen(wb_jar);
2133     char* wb_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, wb_path_len, mtInternal);
2134     strcpy(wb_path, get_meta_index_dir());
2135     strcat(wb_path, wb_jar);
2136     scp.add_suffix(wb_path);
2137     scp_assembly_required = true;
2138     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, wb_path, mtInternal);
2139   }
2140 
2141   // Parse _JAVA_OPTIONS environment variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2142   result = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2143   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2144     return result;
2145   }
2146 
2147   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2148   result = finalize_vm_init_args(&scp, scp_assembly_required);
2149   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2150     return result;
2151   }
2152 
2153   return JNI_OK;
2154 }
2155 
2156 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
2157                                        SysClassPath* scp_p,
2158                                        bool* scp_assembly_required_p,
2159                                        FlagValueOrigin origin) {
2160   // Remaining part of option string
2161   const char* tail;
2162 
2163   // iterate over arguments
2164   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2165     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2166 
2167     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2168 
2169     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2170         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2171         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2172 
2173         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2174         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2175         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2176         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2177         // string constant object.
2178         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2179     }
2180 
2181     // -verbose:[class/gc/jni]
2182     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2183       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2184         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassLoading, true);
2185         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassUnloading, true);
2186       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2187         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2188       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2189         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true);
2190       }
2191     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2192     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2193     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2194     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2195       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2196       if (*tail == '\0') {
2197         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2198       } else {
2199         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2200         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2201       }
2202     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2203     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2204       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2205       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2206     // -bootclasspath:
2207     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2208       scp_p->reset_path(tail);
2209       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2210     // -bootclasspath/a:
2211     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2212       scp_p->add_suffix(tail);
2213       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2214     // -bootclasspath/p:
2215     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2216       scp_p->add_prefix(tail);
2217       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2218     // -Xrun
2219     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2220       if (tail != NULL) {
2221         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2222         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2223         char* name = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2224         name[len] = '\0';
2225 
2226         char *options = NULL;
2227         if(pos != NULL) {
2228           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2229           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtInternal), pos+1, len2);
2230         }
2231 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2232         if ((strcmp(name, "hprof") == 0) || (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0)) {
2233           warning("profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM");
2234         } else
2235 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2236           add_init_library(name, options);
2237       }
2238     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2239     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2240           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2241       if(tail != NULL) {
2242         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2243         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2244         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2245         name[len] = '\0';
2246 
2247         char *options = NULL;
2248         if(pos != NULL) {
2249           options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(pos + 1) + 1, mtInternal), pos + 1);
2250         }
2251 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2252         if ((strcmp(name, "hprof") == 0) || (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0)) {
2253           warning("profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM");
2254         } else
2255 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2256         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2257 
2258       }
2259     // -javaagent
2260     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2261 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2262       warning("Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM");
2263 #else
2264       if(tail != NULL) {
2265         char *options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(tail) + 1, mtInternal), tail);
2266         add_init_agent("instrument", options, false);
2267       }
2268 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2269     // -Xnoclassgc
2270     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc", &tail)) {
2271       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false);
2272     // -Xincgc: i-CMS
2273     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xincgc", &tail)) {
2274       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2275       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, true);
2276     // -Xnoincgc: no i-CMS
2277     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoincgc", &tail)) {
2278       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2279       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, false);
2280     // -Xconcgc
2281     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc", &tail)) {
2282       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2283     // -Xnoconcgc
2284     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc", &tail)) {
2285       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2286     // -Xbatch
2287     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch", &tail)) {
2288       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2289     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2290     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2291       julong long_initial_eden_size = 0;
2292       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_eden_size, 1);
2293       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2294         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2295                     "Invalid initial eden size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2296         describe_range_error(errcode);
2297         return JNI_EINVAL;
2298       }
2299       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, (uintx)long_initial_eden_size);
2300       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize, (uintx)long_initial_eden_size);
2301     // -Xms
2302     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2303       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2304       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 1);
2305       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2306         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2307                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2308         describe_range_error(errcode);
2309         return JNI_EINVAL;
2310       }
2311       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)long_initial_heap_size);
2312       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2313       set_min_heap_size(InitialHeapSize);
2314     // -Xmx
2315     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail)) {
2316       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2317       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2318       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2319         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2320                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2321         describe_range_error(errcode);
2322         return JNI_EINVAL;
2323       }
2324       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)long_max_heap_size);
2325     // Xmaxf
2326     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2327       int maxf = (int)(atof(tail) * 100);
2328       if (maxf < 0 || maxf > 100) {
2329         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2330                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2331                     option->optionString);
2332         return JNI_EINVAL;
2333       } else {
2334         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf);
2335       }
2336     // Xminf
2337     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2338       int minf = (int)(atof(tail) * 100);
2339       if (minf < 0 || minf > 100) {
2340         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2341                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2342                     option->optionString);
2343         return JNI_EINVAL;
2344       } else {
2345         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf);
2346       }
2347     // -Xss
2348     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2349       julong long_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2350       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ThreadStackSize, 1000);
2351       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2352         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2353                     "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2354         describe_range_error(errcode);
2355         return JNI_EINVAL;
2356       }
2357       // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2358       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize,
2359                               round_to((int)long_ThreadStackSize, K) / K);
2360     // -Xoss
2361     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoss", &tail)) {
2362           // HotSpot does not have separate native and Java stacks, ignore silently for compatibility
2363     // -Xmaxjitcodesize
2364     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2365                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2366       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2367       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize,
2368                                             (size_t)InitialCodeCacheSize);
2369       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2370         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2371                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s. Should be greater than InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK\n",
2372                     option->optionString, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2373         describe_range_error(errcode);
2374         return JNI_EINVAL;
2375       }
2376       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize);
2377     // -green
2378     } else if (match_option(option, "-green", &tail)) {
2379       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2380                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2381           return JNI_EINVAL;
2382     // -native
2383     } else if (match_option(option, "-native", &tail)) {
2384           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2385     // -Xsqnopause
2386     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xsqnopause", &tail)) {
2387           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2388     // -Xrs
2389     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs", &tail)) {
2390           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2391       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true);
2392     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xusealtsigs", &tail)) {
2393           // change default internal VM signals used - lower case for back compat
2394       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseAltSigs, true);
2395     // -Xoptimize
2396     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoptimize", &tail)) {
2397           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2398     // -Xprof
2399     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof", &tail)) {
2400 #if INCLUDE_FPROF
2401       _has_profile = true;
2402 #else // INCLUDE_FPROF
2403       // do we have to exit?
2404       warning("Flat profiling is not supported in this VM.");
2405 #endif // INCLUDE_FPROF
2406     // -Xaprof
2407     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xaprof", &tail)) {
2408       _has_alloc_profile = true;
2409     // -Xconcurrentio
2410     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio", &tail)) {
2411       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true);
2412       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2413       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, DeferThrSuspendLoopCount, 1);
2414       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2415       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K);  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
2416 
2417       // -Xinternalversion
2418     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion", &tail)) {
2419       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2420                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2421       vm_exit(0);
2422 #ifndef PRODUCT
2423     // -Xprintflags
2424     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags", &tail)) {
2425       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
2426       vm_exit(0);
2427 #endif
2428     // -D
2429     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2430       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2431         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2432       }
2433       // Out of the box management support
2434       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2435         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true);
2436       }
2437     // -Xint
2438     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint", &tail)) {
2439           set_mode_flags(_int);
2440     // -Xmixed
2441     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed", &tail)) {
2442           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2443     // -Xcomp
2444     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp", &tail)) {
2445       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2446           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2447 
2448     // -Xshare:dump
2449     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump", &tail)) {
2450 #if defined(KERNEL)
2451       vm_exit_during_initialization(
2452           "Dumping a shared archive is not supported on the Kernel JVM.", NULL);
2453 #elif !INCLUDE_CDS
2454       vm_exit_during_initialization(
2455           "Dumping a shared archive is not supported in this VM.", NULL);
2456 #else
2457       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true);
2458       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2459 #endif
2460     // -Xshare:on
2461     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on", &tail)) {
2462       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2463       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true);
2464     // -Xshare:auto
2465     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto", &tail)) {
2466       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2467       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2468     // -Xshare:off
2469     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off", &tail)) {
2470       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false);
2471       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2472 
2473     // -Xverify
2474     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2475       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2476         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true);
2477         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2478       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2479         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2480         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2481       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
2482         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2483         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false);
2484       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2485         return JNI_EINVAL;
2486       }
2487     // -Xdebug
2488     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug", &tail)) {
2489       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
2490       set_xdebug_mode(true);
2491     // -Xnoagent
2492     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent", &tail)) {
2493       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
2494     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xboundthreads", &tail)) {
2495       // Bind user level threads to kernel threads (Solaris only)
2496       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseBoundThreads, true);
2497     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2498       // Redirect GC output to the file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2499       // ostream_init_log(), when called will use this filename
2500       // to initialize a fileStream.
2501       _gc_log_filename = strdup(tail);
2502       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2503       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGCTimeStamps, true);
2504 
2505     // JNI hooks
2506     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2507       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2508 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2509         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
2510 #else
2511         CheckJNICalls = true;
2512 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2513       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2514                                      "check")) {
2515         return JNI_EINVAL;
2516       }
2517     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf", &tail)) {
2518       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2519     } else if (match_option(option, "exit", &tail)) {
2520       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2521     } else if (match_option(option, "abort", &tail)) {
2522       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2523     // -XX:+AggressiveHeap
2524     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AggressiveHeap", &tail)) {
2525 
2526       // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
2527       // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
2528       // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
2529       // amounts of cpu and memory.
2530 
2531       // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
2532       // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
2533       // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
2534       // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
2535       // calculations.
2536       julong initHeapSize;
2537       julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
2538 
2539       if (total_memory < (julong)256*M) {
2540         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2541                     "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
2542         vm_exit(1);
2543       }
2544 
2545       // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
2546       // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
2547       // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
2548       // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
2549 
2550       initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong)2,
2551                           total_memory - (julong)160*M);
2552 
2553       // Make sure that if we have a lot of memory we cap the 32 bit
2554       // process space.  The 64bit VM version of this function is a nop.
2555       initHeapSize = os::allocatable_physical_memory(initHeapSize);
2556 
2557       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2558          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2559          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2560          // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2561          set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2562       }
2563       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2564          // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2565          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize,
2566                                 ((julong)MaxHeapSize / (julong)8) * (julong)3);
2567          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, NewSize);
2568       }
2569 
2570 #ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
2571       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
2572 #endif
2573 
2574       // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
2575       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize);
2576       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
2577       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, 256*K);
2578 
2579       // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
2580       // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
2581       // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
2582       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, 256*K);      // Note: this is in words
2583 
2584       // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
2585       // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
2586       // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
2587       // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
2588       // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
2589       // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
2590       // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
2591       // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
2592       // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
2593       // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
2594       // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
2595       // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
2596       // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
2597       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, 8*K);  // Note: this is in words
2598 
2599       // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
2600       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
2601       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
2602                        Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
2603 
2604       // Encourage steady state memory management
2605       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100);
2606 
2607       // This appears to improve mutator locality
2608       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2609 
2610       // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
2611       // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
2612       // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
2613       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true);
2614 
2615     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure", &tail)) {
2616       // The last option must always win.
2617       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false);
2618       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true);
2619     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure", &tail)) {
2620       // The last option must always win.
2621       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false);
2622       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true);
2623     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail) ||
2624                match_option(option, "-XX:-CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail)) {
2625       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2626         "Please use CMSClassUnloadingEnabled in place of "
2627         "CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled in the future\n");
2628     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
2629       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, true);
2630       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2631         "Please use -XX:+UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
2632         "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
2633     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
2634       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
2635       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2636         "Please use -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
2637         "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
2638     // The TLE options are for compatibility with 1.3 and will be
2639     // removed without notice in a future release.  These options
2640     // are not to be documented.
2641     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTLERatio=", &tail)) {
2642       // No longer used.
2643     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
2644       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, true);
2645     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
2646       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
2647     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintTLE", &tail)) {
2648       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, true);
2649     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintTLE", &tail)) {
2650       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, false);
2651     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEFragmentationRatio=", &tail)) {
2652       // No longer used.
2653     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLESize=", &tail)) {
2654       julong long_tlab_size = 0;
2655       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_tlab_size, 1);
2656       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2657         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2658                     "Invalid TLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2659         describe_range_error(errcode);
2660         return JNI_EINVAL;
2661       }
2662       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, long_tlab_size);
2663     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEThreadRatio=", &tail)) {
2664       // No longer used.
2665     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseTLE", &tail)) {
2666       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, true);
2667     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseTLE", &tail)) {
2668       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2669 SOLARIS_ONLY(
2670     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UsePermISM", &tail)) {
2671       warning("-XX:+UsePermISM is obsolete.");
2672       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseISM, true);
2673     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UsePermISM", &tail)) {
2674       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseISM, false);
2675 )
2676     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr", &tail)) {
2677       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false);
2678       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true);
2679     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout", &tail)) {
2680       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false);
2681       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true);
2682     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes", &tail)) {
2683 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2684       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true);
2685       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true);
2686       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true);
2687       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true);
2688 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2689       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2690                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2691       return JNI_EINVAL;
2692 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2693 #ifdef ASSERT
2694     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot", &tail)) {
2695       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true);
2696       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
2697       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2698 #endif
2699     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
2700       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
2701       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
2702       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2703         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2704         "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
2705     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
2706       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
2707       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
2708       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2709         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2710         "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
2711     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
2712       julong old_plab_size = 0;
2713       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &old_plab_size, 1);
2714       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2715         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2716                     "Invalid old PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2717         describe_range_error(errcode);
2718         return JNI_EINVAL;
2719       }
2720       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, old_plab_size);
2721       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2722                   "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2723                   "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
2724     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
2725       julong young_plab_size = 0;
2726       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &young_plab_size, 1);
2727       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2728         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2729                     "Invalid young PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2730         describe_range_error(errcode);
2731         return JNI_EINVAL;
2732       }
2733       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, young_plab_size);
2734       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2735                   "Please use -XX:YoungPLABSize in place of "
2736                   "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
2737     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSize=", &tail) ||
2738                match_option(option, "-XX:G1MarkStackSize=", &tail)) {
2739       julong stack_size = 0;
2740       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &stack_size, 1);
2741       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2742         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2743                     "Invalid mark stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2744         describe_range_error(errcode);
2745         return JNI_EINVAL;
2746       }
2747       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSize, stack_size);
2748     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSizeMax=", &tail)) {
2749       julong max_stack_size = 0;
2750       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_stack_size, 1);
2751       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2752         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2753                     "Invalid maximum mark stack size: %s\n",
2754                     option->optionString);
2755         describe_range_error(errcode);
2756         return JNI_EINVAL;
2757       }
2758       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSizeMax, max_stack_size);
2759     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelMarkingThreads=", &tail) ||
2760                match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelCMSThreads=", &tail)) {
2761       uintx conc_threads = 0;
2762       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &conc_threads, 1)) {
2763         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2764                     "Invalid concurrent threads: %s\n", option->optionString);
2765         return JNI_EINVAL;
2766       }
2767       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ConcGCThreads, conc_threads);
2768     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=", &tail)) {
2769       julong max_direct_memory_size = 0;
2770       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_direct_memory_size, 0);
2771       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2772         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2773                     "Invalid maximum direct memory size: %s\n",
2774                     option->optionString);
2775         describe_range_error(errcode);
2776         return JNI_EINVAL;
2777       }
2778       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxDirectMemorySize, max_direct_memory_size);
2779     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO", &tail)) {
2780       // NOTE! In JDK 9, the UseVMInterruptibleIO flag will completely go
2781       //       away and will cause VM initialization failures!
2782       warning("-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO is obsolete and will be removed in a future release.");
2783       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseVMInterruptibleIO, true);
2784     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
2785       // Skip -XX:Flags= since that case has already been handled
2786       if (strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) {
2787         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
2788           return JNI_EINVAL;
2789         }
2790       }
2791     // Unknown option
2792     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
2793       return JNI_ERR;
2794     }
2795   }
2796 
2797   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
2798   // when working with older JDKs.
2799 #ifdef LINUX
2800  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
2801       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
2802     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
2803   }
2804 #endif // LINUX
2805   return JNI_OK;
2806 }
2807 
2808 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool scp_assembly_required) {
2809   // This must be done after all -D arguments have been processed.
2810   scp_p->expand_endorsed();
2811 
2812   if (scp_assembly_required || scp_p->get_endorsed() != NULL) {
2813     // Assemble the bootclasspath elements into the final path.
2814     Arguments::set_sysclasspath(scp_p->combined_path());
2815   }
2816 
2817   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
2818   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
2819   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
2820     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
2821     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
2822     // not specified.
2823     set_mode_flags(_int);
2824   }
2825   if (CompileThreshold == 0) {
2826     set_mode_flags(_int);
2827   }
2828 
2829 #ifndef COMPILER2
2830   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
2831   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
2832       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
2833     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
2834     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
2835     // Java heap and the code cache.
2836     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
2837     SOLARIS_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseMPSS, false));
2838     SOLARIS_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseISM, false));
2839   }
2840 
2841   // Tiered compilation is undefined with C1.
2842   TieredCompilation = false;
2843 #else
2844   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
2845     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
2846   }
2847 #endif
2848 
2849   // If we are running in a headless jre, force java.awt.headless property
2850   // to be true unless the property has already been set.
2851   // Also allow the OS environment variable JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS to set headless state.
2852   if (os::is_headless_jre()) {
2853     const char* headless = Arguments::get_property("java.awt.headless");
2854     if (headless == NULL) {
2855       char envbuffer[128];
2856       if (!os::getenv("JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS", envbuffer, sizeof(envbuffer))) {
2857         if (!add_property("java.awt.headless=true")) {
2858           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2859         }
2860       } else {
2861         char buffer[256];
2862         strcpy(buffer, "java.awt.headless=");
2863         strcat(buffer, envbuffer);
2864         if (!add_property(buffer)) {
2865           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2866         }
2867       }
2868     }
2869   }
2870 
2871   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
2872     return JNI_ERR;
2873   }
2874 
2875   return JNI_OK;
2876 }
2877 
2878 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2879   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", scp_p,
2880                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
2881 }
2882 
2883 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2884   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", scp_p,
2885                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
2886 }
2887 
2888 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name, SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2889   const int N_MAX_OPTIONS = 64;
2890   const int OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
2891   char buffer[OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE];
2892 
2893   // The variable will be ignored if it exceeds the length of the buffer.
2894   // Don't check this variable if user has special privileges
2895   // (e.g. unix su command).
2896   if (os::getenv(name, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) &&
2897       !os::have_special_privileges()) {
2898     JavaVMOption options[N_MAX_OPTIONS];      // Construct option array
2899     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2900                 "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
2901     char* rd = buffer;                        // pointer to the input string (rd)
2902     int i;
2903     for (i = 0; i < N_MAX_OPTIONS;) {         // repeat for all options in the input string
2904       while (isspace(*rd)) rd++;              // skip whitespace
2905       if (*rd == 0) break;                    // we re done when the input string is read completely
2906 
2907       // The output, option string, overwrites the input string.
2908       // Because of quoting, the pointer to the option string (wrt) may lag the pointer to
2909       // input string (rd).
2910       char* wrt = rd;
2911 
2912       options[i++].optionString = wrt;        // Fill in option
2913       while (*rd != 0 && !isspace(*rd)) {     // unquoted strings terminate with a space or NULL
2914         if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
2915           int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
2916           rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
2917           while (*rd != quote) {              // include everything (even spaces) up until quote
2918             if (*rd == 0) {                   // string termination means unmatched string
2919               jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2920                           "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
2921               return JNI_ERR;
2922             }
2923             *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
2924           }
2925           rd++;                               // don't copy close quote
2926         } else {
2927           *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
2928         }
2929       }
2930       // Need to check if we're done before writing a NULL,
2931       // because the write could be to the byte that rd is pointing to.
2932       if (*rd++ == 0) {
2933         *wrt = 0;
2934         break;
2935       }
2936       *wrt = 0;                               // Zero terminate option
2937     }
2938     // Construct JavaVMInitArgs structure and parse as if it was part of the command line
2939     JavaVMInitArgs vm_args;
2940     vm_args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
2941     vm_args.options = options;
2942     vm_args.nOptions = i;
2943     vm_args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
2944 
2945     if (PrintVMOptions) {
2946       const char* tail;
2947       for (int i = 0; i < vm_args.nOptions; i++) {
2948         const JavaVMOption *option = vm_args.options + i;
2949         if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
2950           logOption(tail);
2951         }
2952       }
2953     }
2954 
2955     return(parse_each_vm_init_arg(&vm_args, scp_p, scp_assembly_required_p, ENVIRON_VAR));
2956   }
2957   return JNI_OK;
2958 }
2959 
2960 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
2961   const bool must_share = DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces;
2962   const bool might_share = must_share || UseSharedSpaces;
2963 
2964   // CompressedOops cannot be used with CDS.  The offsets of oopmaps and
2965   // static fields are incorrect in the archive.  With some more clever
2966   // initialization, this restriction can probably be lifted.
2967   // ??? UseLargePages might be okay now
2968   const bool cannot_share = UseCompressedOops ||
2969                             (UseLargePages && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseLargePages));
2970   if (cannot_share) {
2971     if (must_share) {
2972         warning("disabling large pages %s"
2973                 "because of %s", "" LP64_ONLY("and compressed oops "),
2974                 DumpSharedSpaces ? "-Xshare:dump" : "-Xshare:on");
2975         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLargePages, false);
2976         LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseCompressedOops, false));
2977         LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseCompressedKlassPointers, false));
2978     } else {
2979       // Prefer compressed oops and large pages to class data sharing
2980       if (UseSharedSpaces && Verbose) {
2981         warning("turning off use of shared archive because of large pages%s",
2982                  "" LP64_ONLY(" and/or compressed oops"));
2983       }
2984       no_shared_spaces();
2985     }
2986   } else if (UseLargePages && might_share) {
2987     // Disable large pages to allow shared spaces.  This is sub-optimal, since
2988     // there may not even be a shared archive to use.
2989     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
2990   }
2991 
2992   // Add 2M to any size for SharedReadOnlySize to get around the JPRT setting
2993   if (DumpSharedSpaces && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SharedReadOnlySize)) {
2994     SharedReadOnlySize = 14*M;
2995   }
2996 
2997   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
2998     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
2999       warning("cannot dump shared archive while using shared archive");
3000     }
3001     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3002   }
3003 }
3004 
3005 // Disable options not supported in this release, with a warning if they
3006 // were explicitly requested on the command-line
3007 #define UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(opt, description)                    \
3008 do {                                                            \
3009   if (opt) {                                                    \
3010     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(opt)) {                                 \
3011       warning(description " is disabled in this release.");     \
3012     }                                                           \
3013     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(opt, false);                               \
3014   }                                                             \
3015 } while(0)
3016 
3017 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3018 
3019 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3020 
3021   // Sharing support
3022   // Construct the path to the archive
3023   char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3024   os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3025   char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3026   if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3027   char *shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(jvm_path) +
3028       strlen(os::file_separator()) + 20, mtInternal);
3029   if (shared_archive_path == NULL) return JNI_ENOMEM;
3030   strcpy(shared_archive_path, jvm_path);
3031   strcat(shared_archive_path, os::file_separator());
3032   strcat(shared_archive_path, "classes");
3033   strcat(shared_archive_path, ".jsa");
3034   SharedArchivePath = shared_archive_path;
3035 
3036   // Remaining part of option string
3037   const char* tail;
3038 
3039   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3040   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3041   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3042   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3043 
3044   const char* flags_file;
3045   int index;
3046   for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3047     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3048     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3049       flags_file = tail;
3050       settings_file_specified = true;
3051     }
3052     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3053       PrintVMOptions = true;
3054     }
3055     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3056       PrintVMOptions = false;
3057     }
3058     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3059       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3060     }
3061     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3062       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3063     }
3064     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial", &tail)) {
3065       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
3066       vm_exit(0);
3067     }
3068     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
3069 #if INCLUDE_NMT
3070       MemTracker::init_tracking_options(tail);
3071 #else
3072       warning("Native Memory Tracking is not supported in this VM");
3073 #endif
3074     }
3075 
3076 
3077 #ifndef PRODUCT
3078     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments", &tail)) {
3079       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, true);
3080       vm_exit(0);
3081     }
3082 #endif
3083   }
3084 
3085   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3086     // uncast const to modify the flag args->ignoreUnrecognized
3087     *(jboolean*)(&args->ignoreUnrecognized) = true;
3088   }
3089 
3090   // Parse specified settings file
3091   if (settings_file_specified) {
3092     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3093       return JNI_EINVAL;
3094     }
3095   } else {
3096 #ifdef ASSERT
3097     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3098     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3099       return JNI_EINVAL;
3100     }
3101 #else
3102     struct stat buf;
3103     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3104       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3105     }
3106 #endif
3107   }
3108 
3109   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3110     for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3111       const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3112       if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3113         logOption(tail);
3114       }
3115     }
3116   }
3117 
3118   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
3119   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(args);
3120   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3121     return result;
3122   }
3123 
3124   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3125   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3126   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3127     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3128             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3129             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3130   }
3131 
3132 #if (defined JAVASE_EMBEDDED || defined ARM)
3133   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseG1GC, "G1 GC");
3134 #endif
3135 
3136 #ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
3137   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages, "-XX:+UseLargePages");
3138 #endif
3139 
3140 #if !INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
3141   if (UseParallelGC) {
3142     warning("Parallel GC is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC.");
3143   }
3144   if (UseParallelOldGC) {
3145     warning("Parallel Old GC is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC.");
3146   }
3147   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
3148     warning("Concurrent Mark Sweep GC is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC.");
3149   }
3150   if (UseParNewGC) {
3151     warning("Par New GC is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC.");
3152   }
3153 #endif // INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
3154 
3155 #ifndef PRODUCT
3156   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3157     TraceBytecodes = true;
3158   }
3159   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
3160     if (UseCounterDecay) {
3161       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
3162       UseCounterDecay = false;
3163     }
3164   }
3165 #endif // PRODUCT
3166 
3167   // JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7
3168   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
3169     if (EnableInvokeDynamic) {
3170       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableInvokeDynamic)) {
3171         warning("JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7.  Disabling support.");
3172       }
3173       EnableInvokeDynamic = false;
3174     }
3175   }
3176 
3177   if (EnableInvokeDynamic && ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3178     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3179       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because EnableInvokeDynamic is true");
3180     }
3181     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3182   }
3183 
3184   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3185     // Turn on -verbose:gc options as well
3186     PrintGC = true;
3187   }
3188 
3189   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk18x_version()) {
3190     // To avoid changing the log format for 7 updates this flag is only
3191     // true by default in JDK8 and above.
3192     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause)) {
3193       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause, false);
3194     }
3195   }
3196 
3197   // Set object alignment values.
3198   set_object_alignment();
3199 
3200 #ifdef SERIALGC
3201   force_serial_gc();
3202 #endif // SERIALGC
3203 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
3204   no_shared_spaces();
3205 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
3206 
3207   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3208   set_ergonomics_flags();
3209 
3210   set_shared_spaces_flags();
3211 
3212   // Check the GC selections again.
3213   if (!check_gc_consistency()) {
3214     return JNI_EINVAL;
3215   }
3216 
3217   if (TieredCompilation) {
3218     set_tiered_flags();
3219   } else {
3220     // Check if the policy is valid. Policies 0 and 1 are valid for non-tiered setup.
3221     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= 2) {
3222       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3223         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
3224     }
3225   }
3226 
3227   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3228   set_heap_size();
3229 
3230 #if INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
3231   // Set per-collector flags
3232   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3233     set_parallel_gc_flags();
3234   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) { // should be done before ParNew check below
3235     set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags();
3236   } else if (UseParNewGC) {  // skipped if CMS is set above
3237     set_parnew_gc_flags();
3238   } else if (UseG1GC) {
3239     set_g1_gc_flags();
3240   }
3241 #endif // INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
3242 
3243 #ifdef SERIALGC
3244   assert(verify_serial_gc_flags(), "SerialGC unset");
3245 #endif // SERIALGC
3246 
3247   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3248   set_bytecode_flags();
3249 
3250   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled.
3251   set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3252 
3253   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
3254   // which are subtlely different from each other but neither works with
3255   // biased locking.
3256   if (UseHeavyMonitors
3257 #ifdef COMPILER1
3258       || !UseFastLocking
3259 #endif // COMPILER1
3260     ) {
3261     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
3262       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
3263       // can't enable biased locking here
3264       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
3265               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
3266     }
3267     UseBiasedLocking = false;
3268   }
3269 
3270 #ifdef CC_INTERP
3271   // Clear flags not supported by the C++ interpreter
3272   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3273   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
3274   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
3275   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers, false));
3276 #endif // CC_INTERP
3277 
3278 #ifdef COMPILER2
3279   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
3280     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
3281   }
3282   if (!EliminateLocks) {
3283     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
3284   }
3285 #endif
3286 
3287   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3288     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3289     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3290   }
3291 
3292 #ifndef PRODUCT
3293   if (CompileTheWorld) {
3294     // Force NmethodSweeper to sweep whole CodeCache each time.
3295     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction)) {
3296       NmethodSweepFraction = 1;
3297     }
3298   }
3299 #endif
3300 
3301   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3302     CommandLineFlags::printSetFlags(tty);
3303   }
3304 
3305   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
3306   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
3307     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
3308         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
3309       UseBiasedLocking = false;
3310     }
3311   }
3312 
3313   // set PauseAtExit if the gamma launcher was used and a debugger is attached
3314   // but only if not already set on the commandline
3315   if (Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() && os::is_debugger_attached()) {
3316     bool set = false;
3317     CommandLineFlags::wasSetOnCmdline("PauseAtExit", &set);
3318     if (!set) {
3319       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PauseAtExit, true);
3320     }
3321   }
3322 
3323   return JNI_OK;
3324 }
3325 
3326 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
3327 #if INCLUDE_ALTERNATE_GCS
3328   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3329     if (UseNUMA) {
3330       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
3331         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
3332       }
3333       // For those collectors or operating systems (eg, Windows) that do
3334       // not support full UseNUMA, we will map to UseNUMAInterleaving for now
3335       UseNUMAInterleaving = true;
3336     }
3337   }
3338 #endif
3339   return JNI_OK;
3340 }
3341 
3342 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3343   int count = 0;
3344   while(pl != NULL) {
3345     count++;
3346     pl = pl->next();
3347   }
3348   return count;
3349 }
3350 
3351 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3352   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
3353   SystemProperty* prop;
3354   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3355     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
3356   }
3357   return NULL;
3358 }
3359 
3360 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
3361   int count = 0;
3362   const char* ret_val = NULL;
3363 
3364   while(pl != NULL) {
3365     if(count >= index) {
3366       ret_val = pl->key();
3367       break;
3368     }
3369     count++;
3370     pl = pl->next();
3371   }
3372 
3373   return ret_val;
3374 }
3375 
3376 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
3377   int count = 0;
3378   char* ret_val = NULL;
3379 
3380   while(pl != NULL) {
3381     if(count >= index) {
3382       ret_val = pl->value();
3383       break;
3384     }
3385     count++;
3386     pl = pl->next();
3387   }
3388 
3389   return ret_val;
3390 }
3391 
3392 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
3393   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
3394   if (p == NULL) {
3395     *plist = new_p;
3396   } else {
3397     while (p->next() != NULL) {
3398       p = p->next();
3399     }
3400     p->set_next(new_p);
3401   }
3402 }
3403 
3404 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v) {
3405   if (plist == NULL)
3406     return;
3407 
3408   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, true);
3409   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
3410 }
3411 
3412 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
3413 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v, jboolean append) {
3414   if (plist == NULL)
3415     return;
3416 
3417   // If property key exist then update with new value.
3418   SystemProperty* prop;
3419   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3420     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
3421       if (append) {
3422         prop->append_value(v);
3423       } else {
3424         prop->set_value(v);
3425       }
3426       return;
3427     }
3428   }
3429 
3430   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v);
3431 }
3432 
3433 #ifdef KERNEL
3434 char *Arguments::get_kernel_properties() {
3435   // Find properties starting with kernel and append them to string
3436   // We need to find out how long they are first because the URL's that they
3437   // might point to could get long.
3438   int length = 0;
3439   SystemProperty* prop;
3440   for (prop = _system_properties; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3441     if (strncmp(prop->key(), "kernel.", 7 ) == 0) {
3442       length += (strlen(prop->key()) + strlen(prop->value()) + 5);  // "-D ="
3443     }
3444   }
3445   // Add one for null terminator.
3446   char *props = AllocateHeap(length + 1, mtInternal);
3447   if (length != 0) {
3448     int pos = 0;
3449     for (prop = _system_properties; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3450       if (strncmp(prop->key(), "kernel.", 7 ) == 0) {
3451         jio_snprintf(&props[pos], length-pos,
3452                      "-D%s=%s ", prop->key(), prop->value());
3453         pos = strlen(props);
3454       }
3455     }
3456   }
3457   // null terminate props in case of null
3458   props[length] = '\0';
3459   return props;
3460 }
3461 #endif // KERNEL
3462 
3463 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
3464 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
3465 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
3466 // Notes:
3467 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
3468 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
3469 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
3470 // expanded one.
3471 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
3472 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
3473                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
3474   const char* p = src;
3475   char* b = buf;
3476   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
3477   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
3478 
3479   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
3480     if (*p == '%') {
3481       switch (*(++p)) {
3482       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
3483         *b++ = *p++;
3484         break;
3485       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
3486         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
3487         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
3488         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
3489         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
3490 
3491         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
3492         // the expanded pid, returns false.
3493         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
3494           return false;
3495         } else {
3496           b += ret;
3497           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
3498           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
3499             // reach the end of the buffer.
3500             return true;
3501           }
3502         }
3503         p++;
3504         break;
3505       }
3506       default :
3507         *b++ = '%';
3508       }
3509     } else {
3510       *b++ = *p++;
3511     }
3512   }
3513   *b = '\0';
3514   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
3515 }