1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1994, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang;
  27 
  28 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
  29 import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
  30 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
  31 import java.io.IOException;
  32 import java.io.InputStream;
  33 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedType;
  36 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  38 import java.lang.reflect.Executable;
  39 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  40 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
  41 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
  42 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
  43 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  44 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  45 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  46 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
  47 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
  48 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
  49 import java.net.URL;
  50 import java.security.AccessController;
  51 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
  52 import java.util.ArrayList;
  53 import java.util.Arrays;
  54 import java.util.Collection;
  55 import java.util.HashMap;
  56 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  57 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
  58 import java.util.List;
  59 import java.util.Map;
  60 import java.util.Objects;
  61 import java.util.StringJoiner;
  62 
  63 import jdk.internal.HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate;
  64 import jdk.internal.loader.BootLoader;
  65 import jdk.internal.loader.BuiltinClassLoader;
  66 import jdk.internal.misc.Unsafe;
  67 import jdk.internal.misc.VM;
  68 import jdk.internal.module.Resources;
  69 import jdk.internal.reflect.CallerSensitive;
  70 import jdk.internal.reflect.ConstantPool;
  71 import jdk.internal.reflect.Reflection;
  72 import jdk.internal.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
  73 import jdk.internal.vm.annotation.ForceInline;
  74 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
  75 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
  76 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
  77 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
  78 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
  79 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
  80 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
  81 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
  82 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
  83 
  84 /**
  85  * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
  86  * interfaces in a running Java application.  An enum is a kind of
  87  * class and an annotation is a kind of interface.  Every array also
  88  * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
  89  * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
  90  * of dimensions.  The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
  91  * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
  92  * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
  93  * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
  94  * represented as {@code Class} objects.
  95  *
  96  * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
  97  * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
  98  * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
  99  * loader.
 100  *
 101  * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
 102  * class name of an object:
 103  *
 104  * <blockquote><pre>
 105  *     void printClassName(Object obj) {
 106  *         System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
 107  *                            " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
 108  *     }
 109  * </pre></blockquote>
 110  *
 111  * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
 112  * type (or for void) using a class literal.  See Section 15.8.2 of
 113  * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 114  * For example:
 115  *
 116  * <blockquote>
 117  *     {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
 118  * </blockquote>
 119  *
 120  * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
 121  * object.  For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
 122  * Class<String>}.  Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
 123  * unknown.
 124  *
 125  * @author  unascribed
 126  * @see     java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
 127  * @since   1.0
 128  */
 129 public final class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
 130                               GenericDeclaration,
 131                               Type,
 132                               AnnotatedElement {
 133     private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
 134     private static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
 135     private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
 136 
 137     private static native void registerNatives();
 138     static {
 139         registerNatives();
 140     }
 141 
 142     /*
 143      * Private constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class objects.
 144      * This constructor is not used and prevents the default constructor being
 145      * generated.
 146      */
 147     private Class(ClassLoader loader, Class<?> arrayComponentType) {
 148         // Initialize final field for classLoader.  The initialization value of non-null
 149         // prevents future JIT optimizations from assuming this final field is null.
 150         classLoader = loader;
 151         componentType = arrayComponentType;
 152     }
 153 
 154     /**
 155      * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
 156      * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
 157      * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
 158      * {@code getName}.  If this {@code Class} object represents a
 159      * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type.  If
 160      * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
 161      * "void". If this {@code Class} object represents an array type,
 162      * this method returns "class " followed by {@code getName}.
 163      *
 164      * @return a string representation of this class object.
 165      */
 166     public String toString() {
 167         return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
 168             + getName();
 169     }
 170 
 171     /**
 172      * Returns a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 173      * information about modifiers and type parameters.
 174      *
 175      * The string is formatted as a list of type modifiers, if any,
 176      * followed by the kind of type (empty string for primitive types
 177      * and {@code class}, {@code enum}, {@code interface}, or
 178      * <code>@</code>{@code interface}, as appropriate), followed
 179      * by the type's name, followed by an angle-bracketed
 180      * comma-separated list of the type's type parameters, if any.
 181      *
 182      * A space is used to separate modifiers from one another and to
 183      * separate any modifiers from the kind of type. The modifiers
 184      * occur in canonical order. If there are no type parameters, the
 185      * type parameter list is elided.
 186      *
 187      * For an array type, the string starts with the type name,
 188      * followed by an angle-bracketed comma-separated list of the
 189      * type's type parameters, if any, followed by a sequence of
 190      * {@code []} characters, one set of brackets per dimension of
 191      * the array.
 192      *
 193      * <p>Note that since information about the runtime representation
 194      * of a type is being generated, modifiers not present on the
 195      * originating source code or illegal on the originating source
 196      * code may be present.
 197      *
 198      * @return a string describing this {@code Class}, including
 199      * information about modifiers and type parameters
 200      *
 201      * @since 1.8
 202      */
 203     public String toGenericString() {
 204         if (isPrimitive()) {
 205             return toString();
 206         } else {
 207             StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 208             Class<?> component = this;
 209             int arrayDepth = 0;
 210 
 211             if (isArray()) {
 212                 do {
 213                     arrayDepth++;
 214                     component = component.getComponentType();
 215                 } while (component.isArray());
 216                 sb.append(component.getName());
 217             } else {
 218                 // Class modifiers are a superset of interface modifiers
 219                 int modifiers = getModifiers() & Modifier.classModifiers();
 220                 if (modifiers != 0) {
 221                     sb.append(Modifier.toString(modifiers));
 222                     sb.append(' ');
 223                 }
 224 
 225                 if (isAnnotation()) {
 226                     sb.append('@');
 227                 }
 228                 if (isInterface()) { // Note: all annotation types are interfaces
 229                     sb.append("interface");
 230                 } else {
 231                     if (isEnum())
 232                         sb.append("enum");
 233                     else
 234                         sb.append("class");
 235                 }
 236                 sb.append(' ');
 237                 sb.append(getName());
 238             }
 239 
 240             TypeVariable<?>[] typeparms = component.getTypeParameters();
 241             if (typeparms.length > 0) {
 242                 StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(",", "<", ">");
 243                 for(TypeVariable<?> typeparm: typeparms) {
 244                     sj.add(typeparm.getTypeName());
 245                 }
 246                 sb.append(sj.toString());
 247             }
 248 
 249             for (int i = 0; i < arrayDepth; i++)
 250                 sb.append("[]");
 251 
 252             return sb.toString();
 253         }
 254     }
 255 
 256     /**
 257      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 258      * interface with the given string name.  Invoking this method is
 259      * equivalent to:
 260      *
 261      * <blockquote>
 262      *  {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
 263      * </blockquote>
 264      *
 265      * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
 266      * the current class.
 267      *
 268      * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
 269      * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
 270      * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
 271      *
 272      * <blockquote>
 273      *   {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
 274      * </blockquote>
 275      * <p>
 276      * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
 277      * {@code X} to be initialized.
 278      *
 279      * @param      className   the fully qualified name of the desired class.
 280      * @return     the {@code Class} object for the class with the
 281      *             specified name.
 282      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 283      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 284      *            by this method fails
 285      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
 286      */
 287     @CallerSensitive
 288     public static Class<?> forName(String className)
 289                 throws ClassNotFoundException {
 290         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 291         return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller), caller);
 292     }
 293 
 294 
 295     /**
 296      * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
 297      * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
 298      * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
 299      * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
 300      * locate, load, and link the class or interface.  The specified class
 301      * loader is used to load the class or interface.  If the parameter
 302      * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
 303      * class loader.  The class is initialized only if the
 304      * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
 305      * not been initialized earlier.
 306      *
 307      * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
 308      * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
 309      * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
 310      * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
 311      * types or void.
 312      *
 313      * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
 314      * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
 315      *
 316      * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
 317      *
 318      * <blockquote>
 319      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
 320      * </blockquote>
 321      *
 322      * is equivalent to:
 323      *
 324      * <blockquote>
 325      *  {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
 326      * </blockquote>
 327      *
 328      * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
 329      * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
 330      * Java Language Specification</em>.
 331      * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
 332      * is accessible to its caller.
 333      *
 334      * @param name       fully qualified name of the desired class
 335      * @param initialize if {@code true} the class will be initialized.
 336      *                   See Section 12.4 of <em>The Java Language Specification</em>.
 337      * @param loader     class loader from which the class must be loaded
 338      * @return           class object representing the desired class
 339      *
 340      * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
 341      * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
 342      *            by this method fails
 343      * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
 344      *            the specified class loader
 345      * @exception SecurityException
 346      *            if a security manager is present, and the {@code loader} is
 347      *            {@code null}, and the caller's class loader is not
 348      *            {@code null}, and the caller does not have the
 349      *            {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
 350      *
 351      * @see       java.lang.Class#forName(String)
 352      * @see       java.lang.ClassLoader
 353      * @since     1.2
 354      */
 355     @CallerSensitive
 356     public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
 357                                    ClassLoader loader)
 358         throws ClassNotFoundException
 359     {
 360         Class<?> caller = null;
 361         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 362         if (sm != null) {
 363             // Reflective call to get caller class is only needed if a security manager
 364             // is present.  Avoid the overhead of making this call otherwise.
 365             caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 366             if (loader == null) {
 367                 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
 368                 if (ccl != null) {
 369                     sm.checkPermission(
 370                         SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 371                 }
 372             }
 373         }
 374         return forName0(name, initialize, loader, caller);
 375     }
 376 
 377     /** Called after security check for system loader access checks have been made. */
 378     private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
 379                                             ClassLoader loader,
 380                                             Class<?> caller)
 381         throws ClassNotFoundException;
 382 
 383 
 384     /**
 385      * Returns the {@code Class} with the given <a href="ClassLoader.html#name">
 386      * binary name</a> in the given module.
 387      *
 388      * <p> This method attempts to locate, load, and link the class or interface.
 389      * It does not run the class initializer.  If the class is not found, this
 390      * method returns {@code null}. </p>
 391      *
 392      * <p> If the class loader of the given module defines other modules and
 393      * the given name is a class defined in a different module, this method
 394      * returns {@code null} after the class is loaded. </p>
 395      *
 396      * <p> This method does not check whether the requested class is
 397      * accessible to its caller. </p>
 398      *
 399      * @apiNote
 400      * This method returns {@code null} on failure rather than
 401      * throwing a {@link ClassNotFoundException}, as is done by
 402      * the {@link #forName(String, boolean, ClassLoader)} method.
 403      * The security check is a stack-based permission check if the caller
 404      * loads a class in another module.
 405      *
 406      * @param  module   A module
 407      * @param  name     The <a href="ClassLoader.html#name">binary name</a>
 408      *                  of the class
 409      * @return {@code Class} object of the given name defined in the given module;
 410      *         {@code null} if not found.
 411      *
 412      * @throws NullPointerException if the given module or name is {@code null}
 413      *
 414      * @throws LinkageError if the linkage fails
 415      *
 416      * @throws SecurityException
 417      *         <ul>
 418      *         <li> if the caller is not the specified module and
 419      *         {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission is denied; or</li>
 420      *         <li> access to the module content is denied. For example,
 421      *         permission check will be performed when a class loader calls
 422      *         {@link ModuleReader#open(String)} to read the bytes of a class file
 423      *         in a module.</li>
 424      *         </ul>
 425      *
 426      * @since 9
 427      * @spec JPMS
 428      */
 429     @CallerSensitive
 430     public static Class<?> forName(Module module, String name) {
 431         Objects.requireNonNull(module);
 432         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
 433 
 434         ClassLoader cl;
 435         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 436         if (sm != null) {
 437             Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 438             if (caller != null && caller.getModule() != module) {
 439                 // if caller is null, Class.forName is the last java frame on the stack.
 440                 // java.base has all permissions
 441                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
 442             }
 443             PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader> pa = module::getClassLoader;
 444             cl = AccessController.doPrivileged(pa);
 445         } else {
 446             cl = module.getClassLoader();
 447         }
 448 
 449         if (cl != null) {
 450             return cl.loadClass(module, name);
 451         } else {
 452             return BootLoader.loadClass(module, name);
 453         }
 454     }
 455 
 456     /**
 457      * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
 458      * object.  The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
 459      * expression with an empty argument list.  The class is initialized if it
 460      * has not already been initialized.
 461      *
 462      * @deprecated This method propagates any exception thrown by the
 463      * nullary constructor, including a checked exception.  Use of
 464      * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
 465      * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
 466      * The {@link
 467      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
 468      * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
 469      * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
 470      * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
 471      *
 472      * <p>The call
 473      *
 474      * <pre>{@code
 475      * clazz.newInstance()
 476      * }</pre>
 477      *
 478      * can be replaced by
 479      *
 480      * <pre>{@code
 481      * clazz.getDeclaredConstructor().newInstance()
 482      * }</pre>
 483      *
 484      * The latter sequence of calls is inferred to be able to throw
 485      * the additional exception types {@link
 486      * InvocationTargetException} and {@link
 487      * NoSuchMethodException}. Both of these exception types are
 488      * subclasses of {@link ReflectiveOperationException}.
 489      *
 490      * @return  a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
 491      *          object.
 492      * @throws  IllegalAccessException  if the class or its nullary
 493      *          constructor is not accessible.
 494      * @throws  InstantiationException
 495      *          if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
 496      *          an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
 497      *          or if the class has no nullary constructor;
 498      *          or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
 499      * @throws  ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
 500      *          provoked by this method fails.
 501      * @throws  SecurityException
 502      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
 503      *          the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
 504      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
 505      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
 506      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
 507      *          of this class.
 508      */
 509     @CallerSensitive
 510     @Deprecated(since="9")
 511     public T newInstance()
 512         throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
 513     {
 514         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 515         if (sm != null) {
 516             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
 517         }
 518 
 519         // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
 520         // the current Java memory model.
 521 
 522         // Constructor lookup
 523         if (cachedConstructor == null) {
 524             if (this == Class.class) {
 525                 throw new IllegalAccessException(
 526                     "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
 527                 );
 528             }
 529             try {
 530                 Class<?>[] empty = {};
 531                 final Constructor<T> c = getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
 532                     getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED));
 533                 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
 534                 // since we have to do the security check here anyway
 535                 // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
 536                 // security check to work)
 537                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
 538                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
 539                         public Void run() {
 540                                 c.setAccessible(true);
 541                                 return null;
 542                             }
 543                         });
 544                 cachedConstructor = c;
 545             } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
 546                 throw (InstantiationException)
 547                     new InstantiationException(getName()).initCause(e);
 548             }
 549         }
 550         Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
 551         // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
 552         Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass();
 553         if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
 554             int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
 555             Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, this, modifiers);
 556             newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
 557         }
 558         // Run constructor
 559         try {
 560             return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
 561         } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
 562             Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
 563             // Not reached
 564             return null;
 565         }
 566     }
 567     private transient volatile Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
 568     private transient volatile Class<?>       newInstanceCallerCache;
 569 
 570 
 571     /**
 572      * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
 573      * with the object represented by this {@code Class}.  This method is
 574      * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
 575      * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
 576      * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
 577      * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
 578      * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
 579      * otherwise.
 580      *
 581      * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
 582      * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
 583      * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
 584      * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 585      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
 586      * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
 587      * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
 588      * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
 589      * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
 590      * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
 591      * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
 592      * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
 593      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
 594      * returns {@code false}.
 595      *
 596      * @param   obj the object to check
 597      * @return  true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
 598      *
 599      * @since 1.1
 600      */
 601     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 602     public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
 603 
 604 
 605     /**
 606      * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
 607      * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
 608      * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
 609      * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
 610      * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
 611      * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
 612      * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
 613      * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
 614      * {@code false}.
 615      *
 616      * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
 617      * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
 618      * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
 619      * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
 620      * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
 621      *
 622      * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
 623      * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
 624      * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
 625      * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
 626      *            null.
 627      * @since 1.1
 628      */
 629     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 630     public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
 631 
 632 
 633     /**
 634      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
 635      * interface type.
 636      *
 637      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
 638      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 639      */
 640     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 641     public native boolean isInterface();
 642 
 643 
 644     /**
 645      * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
 646      *
 647      * @return  {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
 648      *          {@code false} otherwise.
 649      * @since   1.1
 650      */
 651     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 652     public native boolean isArray();
 653 
 654 
 655     /**
 656      * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
 657      * primitive type.
 658      *
 659      * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
 660      * the eight primitive types and void.  These are created by the Java
 661      * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
 662      * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
 663      * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
 664      * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
 665      *
 666      * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
 667      * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
 668      * this method returns {@code true}.
 669      *
 670      * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
 671      *
 672      * @see     java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
 673      * @see     java.lang.Character#TYPE
 674      * @see     java.lang.Byte#TYPE
 675      * @see     java.lang.Short#TYPE
 676      * @see     java.lang.Integer#TYPE
 677      * @see     java.lang.Long#TYPE
 678      * @see     java.lang.Float#TYPE
 679      * @see     java.lang.Double#TYPE
 680      * @see     java.lang.Void#TYPE
 681      * @since 1.1
 682      */
 683     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 684     public native boolean isPrimitive();
 685 
 686     /**
 687      * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
 688      * type.  Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
 689      * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
 690      *
 691      * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
 692      *      type; {@code false} otherwise
 693      * @since 1.5
 694      */
 695     public boolean isAnnotation() {
 696         return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
 697     }
 698 
 699     /**
 700      * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
 701      * returns {@code false} otherwise.
 702      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
 703      *         defined by the Java Language Specification.
 704      * @jls 13.1 The Form of a Binary
 705      * @since 1.5
 706      */
 707     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 708         return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
 709     }
 710 
 711     /**
 712      * Returns the  name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
 713      * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
 714      * as a {@code String}.
 715      *
 716      * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
 717      * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
 718      * by
 719      * <cite>The Java&trade; Language Specification</cite>.
 720      *
 721      * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
 722      * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
 723      * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
 724      *
 725      * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
 726      * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
 727      * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
 728      * nesting.  The encoding of element type names is as follows:
 729      *
 730      * <blockquote><table class="striped">
 731      * <caption style="display:none">Element types and encodings</caption>
 732      * <thead>
 733      * <tr><th scope="col"> Element Type <th scope="col"> Encoding
 734      * </thead>
 735      * <tbody style="text-align:left">
 736      * <tr><th scope="row"> boolean      <td style="text-align:center"> Z
 737      * <tr><th scope="row"> byte         <td style="text-align:center"> B
 738      * <tr><th scope="row"> char         <td style="text-align:center"> C
 739      * <tr><th scope="row"> class or interface
 740      *                                   <td style="text-align:center"> L<i>classname</i>;
 741      * <tr><th scope="row"> double       <td style="text-align:center"> D
 742      * <tr><th scope="row"> float        <td style="text-align:center"> F
 743      * <tr><th scope="row"> int          <td style="text-align:center"> I
 744      * <tr><th scope="row"> long         <td style="text-align:center"> J
 745      * <tr><th scope="row"> short        <td style="text-align:center"> S
 746      * </tbody>
 747      * </table></blockquote>
 748      *
 749      * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
 750      * the class specified above.
 751      *
 752      * <p> Examples:
 753      * <blockquote><pre>
 754      * String.class.getName()
 755      *     returns "java.lang.String"
 756      * byte.class.getName()
 757      *     returns "byte"
 758      * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
 759      *     returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
 760      * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
 761      *     returns "[[[[[[[I"
 762      * </pre></blockquote>
 763      *
 764      * @return  the name of the class or interface
 765      *          represented by this object.
 766      */
 767     public String getName() {
 768         String name = this.name;
 769         if (name == null)
 770             this.name = name = getName0();
 771         return name;
 772     }
 773 
 774     // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
 775     private transient String name;
 776     private native String getName0();
 777 
 778     /**
 779      * Returns the class loader for the class.  Some implementations may use
 780      * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
 781      * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
 782      * class loader.
 783      *
 784      * <p>If this object
 785      * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
 786      *
 787      * @return  the class loader that loaded the class or interface
 788      *          represented by this object.
 789      * @throws  SecurityException
 790      *          if a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader
 791      *          is not {@code null} and is not the same as or an ancestor of the
 792      *          class loader for the class whose class loader is requested,
 793      *          and the caller does not have the
 794      *          {@link RuntimePermission}{@code ("getClassLoader")}
 795      * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
 796      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
 797      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
 798      */
 799     @CallerSensitive
 800     @ForceInline // to ensure Reflection.getCallerClass optimization
 801     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
 802         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
 803         if (cl == null)
 804             return null;
 805         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
 806         if (sm != null) {
 807             ClassLoader.checkClassLoaderPermission(cl, Reflection.getCallerClass());
 808         }
 809         return cl;
 810     }
 811 
 812     // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
 813     ClassLoader getClassLoader0() { return classLoader; }
 814 
 815     /**
 816      * Returns the module that this class or interface is a member of.
 817      *
 818      * If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
 819      * {@code Module} for the element type. If this class represents a
 820      * primitive type or void, then the {@code Module} object for the
 821      * {@code java.base} module is returned.
 822      *
 823      * If this class is in an unnamed module then the {@link
 824      * ClassLoader#getUnnamedModule() unnamed} {@code Module} of the class
 825      * loader for this class is returned.
 826      *
 827      * @return the module that this class or interface is a member of
 828      *
 829      * @since 9
 830      * @spec JPMS
 831      */
 832     public Module getModule() {
 833         return module;
 834     }
 835 
 836     // set by VM
 837     private transient Module module;
 838 
 839     // Initialized in JVM not by private constructor
 840     // This field is filtered from reflection access, i.e. getDeclaredField
 841     // will throw NoSuchFieldException
 842     private final ClassLoader classLoader;
 843 
 844     /**
 845      * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
 846      * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
 847      * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order.  Returns an
 848      * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
 849      * variables.
 850      *
 851      * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
 852      *     the type variables declared by this generic declaration
 853      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 854      *     signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
 855      *     the format specified in
 856      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 857      * @since 1.5
 858      */
 859     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 860     public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
 861         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 862         if (info != null)
 863             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])info.getTypeParameters();
 864         else
 865             return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
 866     }
 867 
 868 
 869     /**
 870      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the direct superclass of the
 871      * entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 872      * this {@code Class}.  If this {@code Class} represents either the
 873      * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
 874      * null is returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 875      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 876      * returned.
 877      *
 878      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 879      */
 880     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
 881     public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
 882 
 883 
 884     /**
 885      * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
 886      * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
 887      * this {@code Class}.
 888      *
 889      * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
 890      * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
 891      * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
 892      * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
 893      * created before. See the declaration of {@link
 894      * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
 895      * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types.  If
 896      * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
 897      * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
 898      * returned.  If this object represents an array class then the
 899      * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
 900      * returned.
 901      *
 902      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
 903      *     class signature does not conform to the format specified in
 904      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
 905      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
 906      *     refers to a non-existent type declaration
 907      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
 908      *     generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
 909      *     instantiated  for any reason
 910      * @return the direct superclass of the class represented by this object
 911      * @since 1.5
 912      */
 913     public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
 914         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
 915         if (info == null) {
 916             return getSuperclass();
 917         }
 918 
 919         // Historical irregularity:
 920         // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
 921         // but this API returns null for interfaces
 922         if (isInterface()) {
 923             return null;
 924         }
 925 
 926         return info.getSuperclass();
 927     }
 928 
 929     /**
 930      * Gets the package of this class.
 931      *
 932      * <p>If this class represents an array type, a primitive type or void,
 933      * this method returns {@code null}.
 934      *
 935      * @return the package of this class.
 936      * @revised 9
 937      * @spec JPMS
 938      */
 939     public Package getPackage() {
 940         if (isPrimitive() || isArray()) {
 941             return null;
 942         }
 943         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
 944         return cl != null ? cl.definePackage(this)
 945                           : BootLoader.definePackage(this);
 946     }
 947 
 948     /**
 949      * Returns the fully qualified package name.
 950      *
 951      * <p> If this class is a top level class, then this method returns the fully
 952      * qualified name of the package that the class is a member of, or the
 953      * empty string if the class is in an unnamed package.
 954      *
 955      * <p> If this class is a member class, then this method is equivalent to
 956      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@link #getEnclosingClass
 957      * enclosing class}.
 958      *
 959      * <p> If this class is a {@link #isLocalClass local class} or an {@link
 960      * #isAnonymousClass() anonymous class}, then this method is equivalent to
 961      * invoking {@code getPackageName()} on the {@link #getDeclaringClass
 962      * declaring class} of the {@link #getEnclosingMethod enclosing method} or
 963      * {@link #getEnclosingConstructor enclosing constructor}.
 964      *
 965      * <p> If this class represents an array type then this method returns the
 966      * package name of the element type. If this class represents a primitive
 967      * type or void then the package name "{@code java.lang}" is returned.
 968      *
 969      * @return the fully qualified package name
 970      *
 971      * @since 9
 972      * @spec JPMS
 973      * @jls 6.7  Fully Qualified Names
 974      */
 975     public String getPackageName() {
 976         String pn = this.packageName;
 977         if (pn == null) {
 978             Class<?> c = this;
 979             while (c.isArray()) {
 980                 c = c.getComponentType();
 981             }
 982             if (c.isPrimitive()) {
 983                 pn = "java.lang";
 984             } else {
 985                 String cn = c.getName();
 986                 int dot = cn.lastIndexOf('.');
 987                 pn = (dot != -1) ? cn.substring(0, dot).intern() : "";
 988             }
 989             this.packageName = pn;
 990         }
 991         return pn;
 992     }
 993 
 994     // cached package name
 995     private transient String packageName;
 996 
 997     /**
 998      * Returns the interfaces directly implemented by the class or interface
 999      * represented by this object.
1000      *
1001      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
1002      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1003      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1004      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1005      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.  For example,
1006      * given the declaration:
1007      * <blockquote>
1008      * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
1009      * </blockquote>
1010      * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
1011      * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
1012      * <blockquote>
1013      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
1014      * </blockquote>
1015      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1016      * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
1017      * <blockquote>
1018      * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
1019      * </blockquote>
1020      * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
1021      * {@code DessertTopping}.
1022      *
1023      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1024      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1025      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1026      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1027      * the interface represented by this object.
1028      *
1029      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
1030      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1031      *
1032      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1033      * returns an array of length 0.
1034      *
1035      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1036      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1037      * returned in that order.
1038      *
1039      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1040      */
1041     public Class<?>[] getInterfaces() {
1042         // defensively copy before handing over to user code
1043         return getInterfaces(true);
1044     }
1045 
1046     private Class<?>[] getInterfaces(boolean cloneArray) {
1047         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1048         if (rd == null) {
1049             // no cloning required
1050             return getInterfaces0();
1051         } else {
1052             Class<?>[] interfaces = rd.interfaces;
1053             if (interfaces == null) {
1054                 interfaces = getInterfaces0();
1055                 rd.interfaces = interfaces;
1056             }
1057             // defensively copy if requested
1058             return cloneArray ? interfaces.clone() : interfaces;
1059         }
1060     }
1061 
1062     private native Class<?>[] getInterfaces0();
1063 
1064     /**
1065      * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
1066      * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
1067      * this object.
1068      *
1069      * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
1070      * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
1071      * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
1072      * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
1073      * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
1074      * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
1075      * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
1076      * types.
1077      *
1078      * <p>If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
1079      * containing objects representing all interfaces directly implemented by
1080      * the class.  The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds
1081      * to the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause of
1082      * the declaration of the class represented by this object.
1083      *
1084      * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
1085      * representing all interfaces directly extended by the interface.  The
1086      * order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of
1087      * the interface names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of
1088      * the interface represented by this object.
1089      *
1090      * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
1091      * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
1092      *
1093      * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
1094      * returns an array of length 0.
1095      *
1096      * <p>If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, the
1097      * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code java.io.Serializable} are
1098      * returned in that order.
1099      *
1100      * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
1101      *     if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
1102      *     specified in
1103      *     <cite>The Java&trade; Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
1104      * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
1105      *     superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
1106      * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
1107      *     if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
1108      *     type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
1109      * @return an array of interfaces directly implemented by this class
1110      * @since 1.5
1111      */
1112     public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
1113         ClassRepository info = getGenericInfo();
1114         return (info == null) ?  getInterfaces() : info.getSuperInterfaces();
1115     }
1116 
1117 
1118     /**
1119      * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
1120      * array.  If this class does not represent an array class this method
1121      * returns null.
1122      *
1123      * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
1124      * class if this class is an array
1125      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Array
1126      * @since 1.1
1127      */
1128     public Class<?> getComponentType() {
1129         // Only return for array types. Storage may be reused for Class for instance types.
1130         if (isArray()) {
1131             return componentType;
1132         } else {
1133             return null;
1134         }
1135     }
1136 
1137     private final Class<?> componentType;
1138 
1139 
1140     /**
1141      * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
1142      * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
1143      * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
1144      * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
1145      * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
1146      * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
1147      *
1148      * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
1149      * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
1150      * modifiers are the same as those of its component type.  If this
1151      * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
1152      * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
1153      * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
1154      * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
1155      * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
1156      * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
1157      * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
1158      * by this specification.
1159      *
1160      * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
1161      * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
1162      *
1163      * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
1164      * @see     java.lang.reflect.Modifier
1165      * @since 1.1
1166      */
1167     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
1168     public native int getModifiers();
1169 
1170 
1171     /**
1172      * Gets the signers of this class.
1173      *
1174      * @return  the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers.  In
1175      *          particular, this method returns null if this object represents
1176      *          a primitive type or void.
1177      * @since   1.1
1178      */
1179     public native Object[] getSigners();
1180 
1181 
1182     /**
1183      * Set the signers of this class.
1184      */
1185     native void setSigners(Object[] signers);
1186 
1187 
1188     /**
1189      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1190      * class within a method, returns a {@link
1191      * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
1192      * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
1193      * {@code null} otherwise.
1194      *
1195      * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
1196      * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
1197      * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
1198      *
1199      * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
1200      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1201      *
1202      * @throws SecurityException
1203      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1204      *         following conditions is met:
1205      *
1206      *         <ul>
1207      *
1208      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1209      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1210      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1211      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1212      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1213      *         denies access to the methods within the enclosing class
1214      *
1215      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1216      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1217      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1218      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1219      *         of the enclosing class
1220      *
1221      *         </ul>
1222      * @since 1.5
1223      */
1224     @CallerSensitive
1225     public Method getEnclosingMethod() throws SecurityException {
1226         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1227 
1228         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1229             return null;
1230         else {
1231             if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
1232                 return null;
1233 
1234             MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1235                                                               getFactory());
1236             Class<?>   returnType       = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
1237             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1238             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1239 
1240             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1241             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1242             // don't have generics information
1243             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1244                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1245 
1246             // Perform access check
1247             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1248             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1249             if (sm != null) {
1250                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1251                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1252             }
1253             Method[] candidates = enclosingCandidate.privateGetDeclaredMethods(false);
1254 
1255             /*
1256              * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
1257              * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
1258              * type.  Matching return type is also necessary
1259              * because of covariant returns, etc.
1260              */
1261             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1262             for (Method m : candidates) {
1263                 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) &&
1264                     arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1265                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))) {
1266                     // finally, check return type
1267                     if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType)) {
1268                         return fact.copyMethod(m);
1269                     }
1270                 }
1271             }
1272 
1273             throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
1274         }
1275     }
1276 
1277     private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
1278 
1279     private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1280         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1281         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1282             return null;
1283         else {
1284             return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
1285         }
1286     }
1287 
1288     private static final class EnclosingMethodInfo {
1289         private final Class<?> enclosingClass;
1290         private final String name;
1291         private final String descriptor;
1292 
1293         static void validate(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1294             if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
1295                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1296             try {
1297                 // The array is expected to have three elements:
1298 
1299                 // the immediately enclosing class
1300                 Class<?> enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1301                 assert(enclosingClass != null);
1302 
1303                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1304                 // name (can be null).
1305                 String name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1306 
1307                 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
1308                 // descriptor (null iff name is).
1309                 String descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1310                 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
1311             } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
1312                 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information", cce);
1313             }
1314         }
1315 
1316         EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
1317             validate(enclosingInfo);
1318             this.enclosingClass = (Class<?>)enclosingInfo[0];
1319             this.name = (String)enclosingInfo[1];
1320             this.descriptor = (String)enclosingInfo[2];
1321         }
1322 
1323         boolean isPartial() {
1324             return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
1325         }
1326 
1327         boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }
1328 
1329         boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }
1330 
1331         Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
1332 
1333         String getName() { return name; }
1334 
1335         String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1336 
1337     }
1338 
1339     private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1340         if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
1341             return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
1342                                      0)
1343                 .getClass();
1344         return (Class<?>)o;
1345      }
1346 
1347     /**
1348      * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1349      * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1350      * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1351      * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1352      * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise.  In particular, this
1353      * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1354      * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
1355      * instance initializer or static initializer.
1356      *
1357      * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1358      *     that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1359      * @throws SecurityException
1360      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1361      *         following conditions is met:
1362      *
1363      *         <ul>
1364      *
1365      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
1366      *         class loader of the enclosing class and invocation of
1367      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
1368      *         s.checkPermission} method with
1369      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
1370      *         denies access to the constructors within the enclosing class
1371      *
1372      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1373      *         ancestor of the class loader for the enclosing class and
1374      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1375      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1376      *         of the enclosing class
1377      *
1378      *         </ul>
1379      * @since 1.5
1380      */
1381     @CallerSensitive
1382     public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() throws SecurityException {
1383         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1384 
1385         if (enclosingInfo == null)
1386             return null;
1387         else {
1388             if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1389                 return null;
1390 
1391             ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1392                                                                         getFactory());
1393             Type []    parameterTypes   = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1394             Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1395 
1396             // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1397             // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1398             // don't have generics information
1399             for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1400                 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1401 
1402             // Perform access check
1403             final Class<?> enclosingCandidate = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1404             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1405             if (sm != null) {
1406                 enclosingCandidate.checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED,
1407                                                      Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1408             }
1409 
1410             Constructor<?>[] candidates = enclosingCandidate
1411                     .privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false);
1412             /*
1413              * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1414              * of and type of parameters.
1415              */
1416             ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
1417             for (Constructor<?> c : candidates) {
1418                 if (arrayContentsEq(parameterClasses,
1419                                     fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(c))) {
1420                     return fact.copyConstructor(c);
1421                 }
1422             }
1423 
1424             throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1425         }
1426     }
1427 
1428 
1429     /**
1430      * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1431      * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1432      * representing the class in which it was declared.  This method returns
1433      * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class.  If
1434      * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1435      * type, or void,then this method returns null.
1436      *
1437      * @return the declaring class for this class
1438      * @throws SecurityException
1439      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1440      *         class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1441      *         loader for the declaring class and invocation of {@link
1442      *         SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1443      *         denies access to the package of the declaring class
1444      * @since 1.1
1445      */
1446     @CallerSensitive
1447     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() throws SecurityException {
1448         final Class<?> candidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1449 
1450         if (candidate != null) {
1451             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1452             if (sm != null) {
1453                 candidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1454                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1455             }
1456         }
1457         return candidate;
1458     }
1459 
1460     private native Class<?> getDeclaringClass0();
1461 
1462 
1463     /**
1464      * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1465      * class.  If the underlying class is a top level class this
1466      * method returns {@code null}.
1467      * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1468      * @exception  SecurityException
1469      *             If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and the caller's
1470      *             class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of the class
1471      *             loader for the enclosing class and invocation of {@link
1472      *             SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess s.checkPackageAccess()}
1473      *             denies access to the package of the enclosing class
1474      * @since 1.5
1475      */
1476     @CallerSensitive
1477     public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() throws SecurityException {
1478         // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1479         // a) Top level classes
1480         // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1481         // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1482         // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1483         // e) Anonymous classes
1484 
1485 
1486         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1487         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1488         // anonymous class.
1489         EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1490         Class<?> enclosingCandidate;
1491 
1492         if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1493             // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1494             enclosingCandidate = getDeclaringClass0();
1495         } else {
1496             Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1497             // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1498             if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1499                 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1500             else
1501                 enclosingCandidate = enclosingClass;
1502         }
1503 
1504         if (enclosingCandidate != null) {
1505             SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1506             if (sm != null) {
1507                 enclosingCandidate.checkPackageAccess(sm,
1508                     ClassLoader.getClassLoader(Reflection.getCallerClass()), true);
1509             }
1510         }
1511         return enclosingCandidate;
1512     }
1513 
1514     /**
1515      * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1516      * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
1517      * anonymous.
1518      *
1519      * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
1520      * component type with "[]" appended.  In particular the simple
1521      * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1522      *
1523      * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1524      * @since 1.5
1525      */
1526     public String getSimpleName() {
1527         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1528         String simpleName = rd.simpleName;
1529         if (simpleName == null) {
1530             rd.simpleName = simpleName = getSimpleName0();
1531         }
1532         return simpleName;
1533     }
1534 
1535     private String getSimpleName0() {
1536         if (isArray()) {
1537             return getComponentType().getSimpleName() + "[]";
1538         }
1539         String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1540         if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1541             simpleName = getName();
1542             simpleName = simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf('.') + 1); // strip the package name
1543         }
1544         return simpleName;
1545     }
1546 
1547     /**
1548      * Return an informative string for the name of this type.
1549      *
1550      * @return an informative string for the name of this type
1551      * @since 1.8
1552      */
1553     public String getTypeName() {
1554         if (isArray()) {
1555             try {
1556                 Class<?> cl = this;
1557                 int dimensions = 0;
1558                 do {
1559                     dimensions++;
1560                     cl = cl.getComponentType();
1561                 } while (cl.isArray());
1562                 StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
1563                 sb.append(cl.getName());
1564                 for (int i = 0; i < dimensions; i++) {
1565                     sb.append("[]");
1566                 }
1567                 return sb.toString();
1568             } catch (Throwable e) { /*FALLTHRU*/ }
1569         }
1570         return getName();
1571     }
1572 
1573     /**
1574      * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1575      * defined by the Java Language Specification.  Returns null if
1576      * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
1577      * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
1578      * type does not have a canonical name).
1579      * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1580      * {@code null} otherwise.
1581      * @since 1.5
1582      */
1583     public String getCanonicalName() {
1584         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
1585         String canonicalName = rd.canonicalName;
1586         if (canonicalName == null) {
1587             rd.canonicalName = canonicalName = getCanonicalName0();
1588         }
1589         return canonicalName == ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL? null : canonicalName;
1590     }
1591 
1592     private String getCanonicalName0() {
1593         if (isArray()) {
1594             String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1595             if (canonicalName != null)
1596                 return canonicalName + "[]";
1597             else
1598                 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1599         }
1600         if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1601             return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1602         Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1603         if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1604             return getName();
1605         } else {
1606             String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1607             if (enclosingName == null)
1608                 return ReflectionData.NULL_SENTINEL;
1609             return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
1610         }
1611     }
1612 
1613     /**
1614      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1615      * is an anonymous class.
1616      *
1617      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
1618      * @since 1.5
1619      */
1620     public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
1621         return !isArray() && isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
1622                 getSimpleBinaryName0() == null;
1623     }
1624 
1625     /**
1626      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1627      * is a local class.
1628      *
1629      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
1630      * @since 1.5
1631      */
1632     public boolean isLocalClass() {
1633         return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() &&
1634                 (isArray() || getSimpleBinaryName0() != null);
1635     }
1636 
1637     /**
1638      * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1639      * is a member class.
1640      *
1641      * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
1642      * @since 1.5
1643      */
1644     public boolean isMemberClass() {
1645         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() != null;
1646     }
1647 
1648     /**
1649      * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
1650      * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
1651      * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
1652      * class.
1653      */
1654     private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
1655         if (isTopLevelClass())
1656             return null;
1657         String name = getSimpleBinaryName0();
1658         if (name == null) // anonymous class
1659             return "";
1660         return name;
1661     }
1662 
1663     private native String getSimpleBinaryName0();
1664 
1665     /**
1666      * Returns {@code true} if this is a top level class.  Returns {@code false}
1667      * otherwise.
1668      */
1669     private boolean isTopLevelClass() {
1670         return !isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && getDeclaringClass0() == null;
1671     }
1672 
1673     /**
1674      * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
1675      * class.  Returns {@code false} otherwise.
1676      */
1677     private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
1678         // JVM Spec 4.7.7: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1679         // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1680         // anonymous class.
1681         return hasEnclosingMethodInfo();
1682     }
1683 
1684     private boolean hasEnclosingMethodInfo() {
1685         Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
1686         if (enclosingInfo != null) {
1687             EnclosingMethodInfo.validate(enclosingInfo);
1688             return true;
1689         }
1690         return false;
1691     }
1692 
1693     /**
1694      * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
1695      * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
1696      * represented by this {@code Class} object.  This includes public
1697      * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
1698      * and interface members declared by the class.  This method returns an
1699      * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
1700      * classes or interfaces.  This method also returns an array of length 0 if
1701      * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
1702      * class, or void.
1703      *
1704      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
1705      *         members of this class
1706      * @throws SecurityException
1707      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1708      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1709      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1710      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1711      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1712      *         of this class.
1713      *
1714      * @since 1.1
1715      */
1716     @CallerSensitive
1717     public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
1718         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1719         if (sm != null) {
1720             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
1721         }
1722 
1723         // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
1724         // something the caller might not have privilege to do.  The code here
1725         // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
1726         // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
1727         // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
1728 
1729         return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
1730             new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
1731                 public Class<?>[] run() {
1732                     List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
1733                     Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
1734                     while (currentClass != null) {
1735                         for (Class<?> m : currentClass.getDeclaredClasses()) {
1736                             if (Modifier.isPublic(m.getModifiers())) {
1737                                 list.add(m);
1738                             }
1739                         }
1740                         currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
1741                     }
1742                     return list.toArray(new Class<?>[0]);
1743                 }
1744             });
1745     }
1746 
1747 
1748     /**
1749      * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
1750      * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
1751      * this {@code Class} object.
1752      *
1753      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with
1754      * no accessible public fields, then this method returns an array of length
1755      * 0.
1756      *
1757      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, then this method
1758      * returns the public fields of the class and of all its superclasses and
1759      * superinterfaces.
1760      *
1761      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, then this
1762      * method returns the fields of the interface and of all its
1763      * superinterfaces.
1764      *
1765      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
1766      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
1767      *
1768      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1769      * particular order.
1770      *
1771      * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
1772      *         public fields
1773      * @throws SecurityException
1774      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1775      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1776      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1777      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1778      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1779      *         of this class.
1780      *
1781      * @since 1.1
1782      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1783      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1784      */
1785     @CallerSensitive
1786     public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
1787         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1788         if (sm != null) {
1789             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1790         }
1791         return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields());
1792     }
1793 
1794 
1795     /**
1796      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1797      * public methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
1798      * Class} object, including those declared by the class or interface and
1799      * those inherited from superclasses and superinterfaces.
1800      *
1801      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then the
1802      * returned array has a {@code Method} object for each of the public
1803      * methods inherited by the array type from {@code Object}. It does not
1804      * contain a {@code Method} object for {@code clone()}.
1805      *
1806      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then the
1807      * returned array does not contain any implicitly declared methods from
1808      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
1809      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces then the returned array
1810      * has length 0. (Note that a {@code Class} object which represents a class
1811      * always has public methods, inherited from {@code Object}.)
1812      *
1813      * <p> The returned array never contains methods with names "{@code <init>}"
1814      * or "{@code <clinit>}".
1815      *
1816      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
1817      * particular order.
1818      *
1819      * <p> Generally, the result is computed as with the following 4 step algorithm.
1820      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
1821      * <ol>
1822      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
1823      *   <ol type="a">
1824      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
1825      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
1826      *        methods.</li>
1827      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
1828      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
1829      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
1830      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
1831      *   </ol></li>
1832      * <li> Union from step 1 is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
1833      *      signature (name, parameter types) and return type.</li>
1834      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
1835      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same signature
1836      *      and return type. M is most specific if there is no such method
1837      *      N != M from the same set, such that N is more specific than M.
1838      *      N is more specific than M if:
1839      *   <ol type="a">
1840      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
1841      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
1842      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
1843      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
1844      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
1845      *   </ol></li>
1846      * <li> The result of this algorithm is the union of all selected methods from
1847      *      step 3.</li>
1848      * </ol>
1849      *
1850      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with a particular name
1851      * and parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
1852      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
1853      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
1854      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
1855      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
1856      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
1857      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
1858      * method and the overriding method would have the same
1859      * signature but different return types.
1860      *
1861      * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
1862      *         public methods of this class
1863      * @throws SecurityException
1864      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1865      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1866      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1867      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1868      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1869      *         of this class.
1870      *
1871      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1872      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
1873      * @since 1.1
1874      */
1875     @CallerSensitive
1876     public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
1877         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1878         if (sm != null) {
1879             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1880         }
1881         return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
1882     }
1883 
1884 
1885     /**
1886      * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
1887      * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
1888      * {@code Class} object.  An array of length 0 is returned if the
1889      * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
1890      * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
1891      *
1892      * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
1893      * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
1894      * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
1895      * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
1896      * might be expected.  This less informative return type is
1897      * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
1898      * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
1899      * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
1900      * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
1901      *
1902      * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
1903      *         public constructors of this class
1904      * @throws SecurityException
1905      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1906      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1907      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1908      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1909      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1910      *         of this class.
1911      *
1912      * @since 1.1
1913      */
1914     @CallerSensitive
1915     public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
1916         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1917         if (sm != null) {
1918             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1919         }
1920         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
1921     }
1922 
1923 
1924     /**
1925      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public member
1926      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
1927      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} specifying the
1928      * simple name of the desired field.
1929      *
1930      * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
1931      * follows.  Let C be the class or interface represented by this object:
1932      *
1933      * <OL>
1934      * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
1935      *      field to be reflected.</LI>
1936      * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
1937      *      recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
1938      *      superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
1939      * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
1940      *      superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
1941      *      If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
1942      *      is thrown.</LI>
1943      * </OL>
1944      *
1945      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1946      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
1947      *
1948      * @param name the field name
1949      * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
1950      *         {@code name}
1951      * @throws NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
1952      *         not found.
1953      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1954      * @throws SecurityException
1955      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
1956      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1957      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1958      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1959      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1960      *         of this class.
1961      *
1962      * @since 1.1
1963      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
1964      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
1965      */
1966     @CallerSensitive
1967     public Field getField(String name)
1968         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
1969         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
1970         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
1971         if (sm != null) {
1972             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
1973         }
1974         Field field = getField0(name);
1975         if (field == null) {
1976             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
1977         }
1978         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
1979     }
1980 
1981 
1982     /**
1983      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
1984      * member method of the class or interface represented by this
1985      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
1986      * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
1987      * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
1988      * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
1989      * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
1990      * treated as if it were an empty array.
1991      *
1992      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
1993      * method finds any public method inherited by the array type from
1994      * {@code Object} except method {@code clone()}.
1995      *
1996      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface then this
1997      * method does not find any implicitly declared method from
1998      * {@code Object}. Therefore, if no methods are explicitly declared in
1999      * this interface or any of its superinterfaces, then this method does not
2000      * find any method.
2001      *
2002      * <p> This method does not find any method with name "{@code <init>}" or
2003      * "{@code <clinit>}".
2004      *
2005      * <p> Generally, the method to be reflected is determined by the 4 step
2006      * algorithm that follows.
2007      * Let C be the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object:
2008      * <ol>
2009      * <li> A union of methods is composed of:
2010      *   <ol type="a">
2011      *   <li> C's declared public instance and static methods as returned by
2012      *        {@link #getDeclaredMethods()} and filtered to include only public
2013      *        methods that match given {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}</li>
2014      *   <li> If C is a class other than {@code Object}, then include the result
2015      *        of invoking this algorithm recursively on the superclass of C.</li>
2016      *   <li> Include the results of invoking this algorithm recursively on all
2017      *        direct superinterfaces of C, but include only instance methods.</li>
2018      *   </ol></li>
2019      * <li> This union is partitioned into subsets of methods with same
2020      *      return type (the selection of methods from step 1 also guarantees that
2021      *      they have the same method name and parameter types).</li>
2022      * <li> Within each such subset only the most specific methods are selected.
2023      *      Let method M be a method from a set of methods with same VM
2024      *      signature (return type, name, parameter types).
2025      *      M is most specific if there is no such method N != M from the same
2026      *      set, such that N is more specific than M. N is more specific than M
2027      *      if:
2028      *   <ol type="a">
2029      *   <li> N is declared by a class and M is declared by an interface; or</li>
2030      *   <li> N and M are both declared by classes or both by interfaces and
2031      *        N's declaring type is the same as or a subtype of M's declaring type
2032      *        (clearly, if M's and N's declaring types are the same type, then
2033      *        M and N are the same method).</li>
2034      *   </ol></li>
2035      * <li> The result of this algorithm is chosen arbitrarily from the methods
2036      *      with most specific return type among all selected methods from step 3.
2037      *      Let R be a return type of a method M from the set of all selected methods
2038      *      from step 3. M is a method with most specific return type if there is
2039      *      no such method N != M from the same set, having return type S != R,
2040      *      such that S is a subtype of R as determined by
2041      *      R.class.{@link #isAssignableFrom}(S.class).
2042      * </ol>
2043      *
2044      * @apiNote There may be more than one method with matching name and
2045      * parameter types in a class because while the Java language forbids a
2046      * class to declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
2047      * return types, the Java virtual machine does not.  This
2048      * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
2049      * implement various language features.  For example, covariant
2050      * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
2051      * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
2052      * method and the overriding method would have the same
2053      * signature but different return types. This method would return the
2054      * overriding method as it would have a more specific return type.
2055      *
2056      * @param name the name of the method
2057      * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
2058      * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
2059      *         {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
2060      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
2061      *         or if the name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;".
2062      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2063      * @throws SecurityException
2064      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2065      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2066      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2067      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2068      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2069      *         of this class.
2070      *
2071      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2072      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2073      * @since 1.1
2074      */
2075     @CallerSensitive
2076     public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2077         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2078         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2079         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2080         if (sm != null) {
2081             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2082         }
2083         Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
2084         if (method == null) {
2085             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2086         }
2087         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2088     }
2089 
2090     /**
2091      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2092      * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
2093      * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2094      * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
2095      * parameter types, in declared order.
2096      *
2097      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2098      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2099      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2100      *
2101      * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
2102      * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
2103      * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
2104      *
2105      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2106      * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
2107      *         matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
2108      * @throws NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2109      * @throws SecurityException
2110      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and
2111      *         the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2112      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2113      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2114      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2115      *         of this class.
2116      *
2117      * @since 1.1
2118      */
2119     @CallerSensitive
2120     public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2121         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
2122     {
2123         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2124         if (sm != null) {
2125             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.PUBLIC, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2126         }
2127         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2128             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC));
2129     }
2130 
2131 
2132     /**
2133      * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
2134      * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
2135      * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2136      * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
2137      * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces.  This method
2138      * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
2139      * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
2140      * primitive type, an array class, or void.
2141      *
2142      * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
2143      *         declared members of this class
2144      * @throws SecurityException
2145      *         If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2146      *         following conditions is met:
2147      *
2148      *         <ul>
2149      *
2150      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2151      *         class loader of this class and invocation of
2152      *         {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2153      *         s.checkPermission} method with
2154      *         {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2155      *         denies access to the declared classes within this class
2156      *
2157      *         <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2158      *         ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2159      *         invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2160      *         s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2161      *         of this class
2162      *
2163      *         </ul>
2164      *
2165      * @since 1.1
2166      */
2167     @CallerSensitive
2168     public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
2169         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2170         if (sm != null) {
2171             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), false);
2172         }
2173         return getDeclaredClasses0();
2174     }
2175 
2176 
2177     /**
2178      * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
2179      * declared by the class or interface represented by this
2180      * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
2181      * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
2182      *
2183      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2184      * declared fields, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2185      *
2186      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2187      * type, or void, then this method returns an array of length 0.
2188      *
2189      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2190      * particular order.
2191      *
2192      * @return  the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
2193      *          declared fields of this class
2194      * @throws  SecurityException
2195      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2196      *          following conditions is met:
2197      *
2198      *          <ul>
2199      *
2200      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2201      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2202      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2203      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2204      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2205      *          denies access to the declared fields within this class
2206      *
2207      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2208      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2209      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2210      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2211      *          of this class
2212      *
2213      *          </ul>
2214      *
2215      * @since 1.1
2216      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2217      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2218      */
2219     @CallerSensitive
2220     public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
2221         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2222         if (sm != null) {
2223             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2224         }
2225         return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
2226     }
2227 
2228 
2229     /**
2230      * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
2231      * declared methods of the class or interface represented by this {@code
2232      * Class} object, including public, protected, default (package)
2233      * access, and private methods, but excluding inherited methods.
2234      *
2235      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has multiple
2236      * declared methods with the same name and parameter types, but different
2237      * return types, then the returned array has a {@code Method} object for
2238      * each such method.
2239      *
2240      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type that has a class
2241      * initialization method {@code <clinit>}, then the returned array does
2242      * <em>not</em> have a corresponding {@code Method} object.
2243      *
2244      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface with no
2245      * declared methods, then the returned array has length 0.
2246      *
2247      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, a primitive
2248      * type, or void, then the returned array has length 0.
2249      *
2250      * <p> The elements in the returned array are not sorted and are not in any
2251      * particular order.
2252      *
2253      * @return  the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
2254      *          declared methods of this class
2255      * @throws  SecurityException
2256      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2257      *          following conditions is met:
2258      *
2259      *          <ul>
2260      *
2261      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2262      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2263      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2264      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2265      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2266      *          denies access to the declared methods within this class
2267      *
2268      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2269      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2270      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2271      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2272      *          of this class
2273      *
2274      *          </ul>
2275      *
2276      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2277      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2278      * @since 1.1
2279      */
2280     @CallerSensitive
2281     public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
2282         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2283         if (sm != null) {
2284             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2285         }
2286         return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
2287     }
2288 
2289 
2290     /**
2291      * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
2292      * constructors declared by the class represented by this
2293      * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
2294      * (package) access, and private constructors.  The elements in the array
2295      * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order.  If the
2296      * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
2297      * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
2298      * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
2299      * void.
2300      *
2301      * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
2302      *
2303      * @return  the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
2304      *          declared constructors of this class
2305      * @throws  SecurityException
2306      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2307      *          following conditions is met:
2308      *
2309      *          <ul>
2310      *
2311      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2312      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2313      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2314      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2315      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2316      *          denies access to the declared constructors within this class
2317      *
2318      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2319      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2320      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2321      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2322      *          of this class
2323      *
2324      *          </ul>
2325      *
2326      * @since 1.1
2327      */
2328     @CallerSensitive
2329     public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
2330         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2331         if (sm != null) {
2332             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2333         }
2334         return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
2335     }
2336 
2337 
2338     /**
2339      * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
2340      * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
2341      * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that specifies
2342      * the simple name of the desired field.
2343      *
2344      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2345      * method does not find the {@code length} field of the array type.
2346      *
2347      * @param name the name of the field
2348      * @return  the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
2349      *          class
2350      * @throws  NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
2351      *          not found.
2352      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2353      * @throws  SecurityException
2354      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2355      *          following conditions is met:
2356      *
2357      *          <ul>
2358      *
2359      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2360      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2361      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2362      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2363      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2364      *          denies access to the declared field
2365      *
2366      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2367      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2368      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2369      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2370      *          of this class
2371      *
2372      *          </ul>
2373      *
2374      * @since 1.1
2375      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2376      * @jls 8.3 Field Declarations
2377      */
2378     @CallerSensitive
2379     public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
2380         throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
2381         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2382         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2383         if (sm != null) {
2384             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2385         }
2386         Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
2387         if (field == null) {
2388             throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
2389         }
2390         return getReflectionFactory().copyField(field);
2391     }
2392 
2393 
2394     /**
2395      * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
2396      * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
2397      * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
2398      * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
2399      * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
2400      * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
2401      * types, in declared order.  If more than one method with the same
2402      * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
2403      * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
2404      * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.  If the
2405      * name is "&lt;init&gt;"or "&lt;clinit&gt;" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
2406      * is raised.
2407      *
2408      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an array type, then this
2409      * method does not find the {@code clone()} method.
2410      *
2411      * @param name the name of the method
2412      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2413      * @return  the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
2414      *          matching the specified name and parameters
2415      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2416      * @throws  NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
2417      * @throws  SecurityException
2418      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2419      *          following conditions is met:
2420      *
2421      *          <ul>
2422      *
2423      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2424      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2425      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2426      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2427      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2428      *          denies access to the declared method
2429      *
2430      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2431      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2432      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2433      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2434      *          of this class
2435      *
2436      *          </ul>
2437      *
2438      * @jls 8.2 Class Members
2439      * @jls 8.4 Method Declarations
2440      * @since 1.1
2441      */
2442     @CallerSensitive
2443     public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2444         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2445         Objects.requireNonNull(name);
2446         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2447         if (sm != null) {
2448             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2449         }
2450         Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
2451         if (method == null) {
2452             throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString(name, parameterTypes));
2453         }
2454         return getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(method);
2455     }
2456 
2457     /**
2458      * Returns the list of {@code Method} objects for the declared public
2459      * methods of this class or interface that have the specified method name
2460      * and parameter types.
2461      *
2462      * @param name the name of the method
2463      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2464      * @return the list of {@code Method} objects for the public methods of
2465      *         this class matching the specified name and parameters
2466      */
2467     List<Method> getDeclaredPublicMethods(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes) {
2468         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
2469         ReflectionFactory factory = getReflectionFactory();
2470         List<Method> result = new ArrayList<>();
2471         for (Method method : methods) {
2472             if (method.getName().equals(name)
2473                 && Arrays.equals(
2474                     factory.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(method),
2475                     parameterTypes)) {
2476                 result.add(factory.copyMethod(method));
2477             }
2478         }
2479         return result;
2480     }
2481 
2482     /**
2483      * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
2484      * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
2485      * {@code Class} object.  The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
2486      * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
2487      * formal parameter types, in declared order.
2488      *
2489      * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
2490      * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
2491      * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
2492      *
2493      * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
2494      * @return  The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
2495      *          specified parameter list
2496      * @throws  NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
2497      * @throws  SecurityException
2498      *          If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
2499      *          following conditions is met:
2500      *
2501      *          <ul>
2502      *
2503      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as the
2504      *          class loader of this class and invocation of
2505      *          {@link SecurityManager#checkPermission
2506      *          s.checkPermission} method with
2507      *          {@code RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")}
2508      *          denies access to the declared constructor
2509      *
2510      *          <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
2511      *          ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
2512      *          invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
2513      *          s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
2514      *          of this class
2515      *
2516      *          </ul>
2517      *
2518      * @since 1.1
2519      */
2520     @CallerSensitive
2521     public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
2522         throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException
2523     {
2524         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2525         if (sm != null) {
2526             checkMemberAccess(sm, Member.DECLARED, Reflection.getCallerClass(), true);
2527         }
2528 
2529         return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(
2530             getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED));
2531     }
2532 
2533     /**
2534      * Finds a resource with a given name.
2535      *
2536      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
2537      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
2538      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
2539      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
2540      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
2541      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
2542      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
2543      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
2544      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
2545      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
2546      * caller's module.
2547      *
2548      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
2549      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
2550      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2551      * delegates to this object's class loader.  If this object was loaded by
2552      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2553      * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
2554      *
2555      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2556      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2557      *
2558      * <ul>
2559      *
2560      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2561      * (<code>'\u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2562      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2563      *
2564      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2565      *
2566      * <blockquote>
2567      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2568      * </blockquote>
2569      *
2570      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2571      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2572      * (<code>'\u002e'</code>).
2573      *
2574      * </ul>
2575      *
2576      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2577      * @return  A {@link java.io.InputStream} object; {@code null} if no
2578      *          resource with this name is found, the resource is in a package
2579      *          that is not {@link Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at
2580      *          least the caller module, or access to the resource is denied
2581      *          by the security manager.
2582      * @throws  NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2583      *
2584      * @see Module#getResourceAsStream(String)
2585      * @since  1.1
2586      * @revised 9
2587      * @spec JPMS
2588      */
2589     @CallerSensitive
2590     public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
2591         name = resolveName(name);
2592 
2593         Module thisModule = getModule();
2594         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
2595             // check if resource can be located by caller
2596             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
2597                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
2598                 return null;
2599             }
2600 
2601             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
2602             String mn = thisModule.getName();
2603             ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2604             try {
2605 
2606                 // special-case built-in class loaders to avoid the
2607                 // need for a URL connection
2608                 if (cl == null) {
2609                     return BootLoader.findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
2610                 } else if (cl instanceof BuiltinClassLoader) {
2611                     return ((BuiltinClassLoader) cl).findResourceAsStream(mn, name);
2612                 } else {
2613                     URL url = cl.findResource(mn, name);
2614                     return (url != null) ? url.openStream() : null;
2615                 }
2616 
2617             } catch (IOException | SecurityException e) {
2618                 return null;
2619             }
2620         }
2621 
2622         // unnamed module
2623         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2624         if (cl == null) {
2625             return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
2626         } else {
2627             return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
2628         }
2629     }
2630 
2631     /**
2632      * Finds a resource with a given name.
2633      *
2634      * <p> If this class is in a named {@link Module Module} then this method
2635      * will attempt to find the resource in the module. This is done by
2636      * delegating to the module's class loader {@link
2637      * ClassLoader#findResource(String,String) findResource(String,String)}
2638      * method, invoking it with the module name and the absolute name of the
2639      * resource. Resources in named modules are subject to the rules for
2640      * encapsulation specified in the {@code Module} {@link
2641      * Module#getResourceAsStream getResourceAsStream} method and so this
2642      * method returns {@code null} when the resource is a
2643      * non-"{@code .class}" resource in a package that is not open to the
2644      * caller's module.
2645      *
2646      * <p> Otherwise, if this class is not in a named module then the rules for
2647      * searching resources associated with a given class are implemented by the
2648      * defining {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class.  This method
2649      * delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by
2650      * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2651      * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
2652      *
2653      * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2654      * given resource name using this algorithm:
2655      *
2656      * <ul>
2657      *
2658      * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2659      * (<code>'\u002f'</code>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2660      * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2661      *
2662      * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2663      *
2664      * <blockquote>
2665      *   {@code modified_package_name/name}
2666      * </blockquote>
2667      *
2668      * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2669      * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2670      * (<code>'\u002e'</code>).
2671      *
2672      * </ul>
2673      *
2674      * @param  name name of the desired resource
2675      * @return A {@link java.net.URL} object; {@code null} if no resource with
2676      *         this name is found, the resource cannot be located by a URL, the
2677      *         resource is in a package that is not
2678      *         {@link Module#isOpen(String, Module) open} to at least the caller
2679      *         module, or access to the resource is denied by the security
2680      *         manager.
2681      * @throws NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2682      * @since  1.1
2683      * @revised 9
2684      * @spec JPMS
2685      */
2686     @CallerSensitive
2687     public URL getResource(String name) {
2688         name = resolveName(name);
2689 
2690         Module thisModule = getModule();
2691         if (thisModule.isNamed()) {
2692             // check if resource can be located by caller
2693             if (Resources.canEncapsulate(name)
2694                 && !isOpenToCaller(name, Reflection.getCallerClass())) {
2695                 return null;
2696             }
2697 
2698             // resource not encapsulated or in package open to caller
2699             String mn = thisModule.getName();
2700             ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2701             try {
2702                 if (cl == null) {
2703                     return BootLoader.findResource(mn, name);
2704                 } else {
2705                     return cl.findResource(mn, name);
2706                 }
2707             } catch (IOException ioe) {
2708                 return null;
2709             }
2710         }
2711 
2712         // unnamed module
2713         ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2714         if (cl == null) {
2715             return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
2716         } else {
2717             return cl.getResource(name);
2718         }
2719     }
2720 
2721     /**
2722      * Returns true if a resource with the given name can be located by the
2723      * given caller. All resources in a module can be located by code in
2724      * the module. For other callers, then the package needs to be open to
2725      * the caller.
2726      */
2727     private boolean isOpenToCaller(String name, Class<?> caller) {
2728         // assert getModule().isNamed();
2729         Module thisModule = getModule();
2730         Module callerModule = (caller != null) ? caller.getModule() : null;
2731         if (callerModule != thisModule) {
2732             String pn = Resources.toPackageName(name);
2733             if (thisModule.getDescriptor().packages().contains(pn)) {
2734                 if (callerModule == null && !thisModule.isOpen(pn)) {
2735                     // no caller, package not open
2736                     return false;
2737                 }
2738                 if (!thisModule.isOpen(pn, callerModule)) {
2739                     // package not open to caller
2740                     return false;
2741                 }
2742             }
2743         }
2744         return true;
2745     }
2746 
2747 
2748     /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
2749     private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
2750 
2751     /**
2752      * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class.  If there is a
2753      * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
2754      * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
2755      * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
2756      * ensure it's ok to get the
2757      * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
2758      *
2759      * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
2760      *
2761      * @throws SecurityException
2762      *        if a security manager exists and its
2763      *        {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
2764      *        getting the ProtectionDomain.
2765      *
2766      * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
2767      * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
2768      * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
2769      * @since 1.2
2770      */
2771     public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
2772         SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2773         if (sm != null) {
2774             sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
2775         }
2776         java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
2777         if (pd == null) {
2778             if (allPermDomain == null) {
2779                 java.security.Permissions perms =
2780                     new java.security.Permissions();
2781                 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
2782                 allPermDomain =
2783                     new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
2784             }
2785             pd = allPermDomain;
2786         }
2787         return pd;
2788     }
2789 
2790 
2791     /**
2792      * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
2793      */
2794     private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
2795 
2796     /*
2797      * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
2798      * primitive type.
2799      */
2800     static native Class<?> getPrimitiveClass(String name);
2801 
2802     /*
2803      * Check if client is allowed to access members.  If access is denied,
2804      * throw a SecurityException.
2805      *
2806      * This method also enforces package access.
2807      *
2808      * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
2809      * control.
2810      *
2811      * <p> NOTE: should only be called if a SecurityManager is installed
2812      */
2813     private void checkMemberAccess(SecurityManager sm, int which,
2814                                    Class<?> caller, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2815         /* Default policy allows access to all {@link Member#PUBLIC} members,
2816          * as well as access to classes that have the same class loader as the caller.
2817          * In all other cases, it requires RuntimePermission("accessDeclaredMembers")
2818          * permission.
2819          */
2820         final ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getClassLoader(caller);
2821         if (which != Member.PUBLIC) {
2822             final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2823             if (ccl != cl) {
2824                 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.CHECK_MEMBER_ACCESS_PERMISSION);
2825             }
2826         }
2827         this.checkPackageAccess(sm, ccl, checkProxyInterfaces);
2828     }
2829 
2830     /*
2831      * Checks if a client loaded in ClassLoader ccl is allowed to access this
2832      * class under the current package access policy. If access is denied,
2833      * throw a SecurityException.
2834      *
2835      * NOTE: this method should only be called if a SecurityManager is active
2836      */
2837     private void checkPackageAccess(SecurityManager sm, final ClassLoader ccl,
2838                                     boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2839         final ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2840 
2841         if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
2842             String pkg = this.getPackageName();
2843             if (pkg != null && !pkg.isEmpty()) {
2844                 // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
2845                 if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || ReflectUtil.isNonPublicProxyClass(this)) {
2846                     sm.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
2847                 }
2848             }
2849         }
2850         // check package access on the proxy interfaces
2851         if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
2852             ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces());
2853         }
2854     }
2855 
2856     /**
2857      * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
2858      * if name is absolute
2859      */
2860     private String resolveName(String name) {
2861         if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
2862             Class<?> c = this;
2863             while (c.isArray()) {
2864                 c = c.getComponentType();
2865             }
2866             String baseName = c.getPackageName();
2867             if (baseName != null && !baseName.isEmpty()) {
2868                 name = baseName.replace('.', '/') + "/" + name;
2869             }
2870         } else {
2871             name = name.substring(1);
2872         }
2873         return name;
2874     }
2875 
2876     /**
2877      * Atomic operations support.
2878      */
2879     private static class Atomic {
2880         // initialize Unsafe machinery here, since we need to call Class.class instance method
2881         // and have to avoid calling it in the static initializer of the Class class...
2882         private static final Unsafe unsafe = Unsafe.getUnsafe();
2883         // offset of Class.reflectionData instance field
2884         private static final long reflectionDataOffset
2885                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "reflectionData");
2886         // offset of Class.annotationType instance field
2887         private static final long annotationTypeOffset
2888                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationType");
2889         // offset of Class.annotationData instance field
2890         private static final long annotationDataOffset
2891                 = unsafe.objectFieldOffset(Class.class, "annotationData");
2892 
2893         static <T> boolean casReflectionData(Class<?> clazz,
2894                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldData,
2895                                              SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> newData) {
2896             return unsafe.compareAndSetObject(clazz, reflectionDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2897         }
2898 
2899         static <T> boolean casAnnotationType(Class<?> clazz,
2900                                              AnnotationType oldType,
2901                                              AnnotationType newType) {
2902             return unsafe.compareAndSetObject(clazz, annotationTypeOffset, oldType, newType);
2903         }
2904 
2905         static <T> boolean casAnnotationData(Class<?> clazz,
2906                                              AnnotationData oldData,
2907                                              AnnotationData newData) {
2908             return unsafe.compareAndSetObject(clazz, annotationDataOffset, oldData, newData);
2909         }
2910     }
2911 
2912     /**
2913      * Reflection support.
2914      */
2915 
2916     // Reflection data caches various derived names and reflective members. Cached
2917     // values may be invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
2918     private static class ReflectionData<T> {
2919         volatile Field[] declaredFields;
2920         volatile Field[] publicFields;
2921         volatile Method[] declaredMethods;
2922         volatile Method[] publicMethods;
2923         volatile Constructor<T>[] declaredConstructors;
2924         volatile Constructor<T>[] publicConstructors;
2925         // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
2926         volatile Field[] declaredPublicFields;
2927         volatile Method[] declaredPublicMethods;
2928         volatile Class<?>[] interfaces;
2929 
2930         // Cached names
2931         String simpleName;
2932         String canonicalName;
2933         static final String NULL_SENTINEL = new String();
2934 
2935         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this ReflectionData instance
2936         final int redefinedCount;
2937 
2938         ReflectionData(int redefinedCount) {
2939             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
2940         }
2941     }
2942 
2943     private transient volatile SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData;
2944 
2945     // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
2946     // that redefines this class or a superclass.
2947     private transient volatile int classRedefinedCount;
2948 
2949     // Lazily create and cache ReflectionData
2950     private ReflectionData<T> reflectionData() {
2951         SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> reflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2952         int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2953         ReflectionData<T> rd;
2954         if (reflectionData != null &&
2955             (rd = reflectionData.get()) != null &&
2956             rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2957             return rd;
2958         }
2959         // else no SoftReference or cleared SoftReference or stale ReflectionData
2960         // -> create and replace new instance
2961         return newReflectionData(reflectionData, classRedefinedCount);
2962     }
2963 
2964     private ReflectionData<T> newReflectionData(SoftReference<ReflectionData<T>> oldReflectionData,
2965                                                 int classRedefinedCount) {
2966         while (true) {
2967             ReflectionData<T> rd = new ReflectionData<>(classRedefinedCount);
2968             // try to CAS it...
2969             if (Atomic.casReflectionData(this, oldReflectionData, new SoftReference<>(rd))) {
2970                 return rd;
2971             }
2972             // else retry
2973             oldReflectionData = this.reflectionData;
2974             classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
2975             if (oldReflectionData != null &&
2976                 (rd = oldReflectionData.get()) != null &&
2977                 rd.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
2978                 return rd;
2979             }
2980         }
2981     }
2982 
2983     // Generic signature handling
2984     private native String getGenericSignature0();
2985 
2986     // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
2987     private transient volatile ClassRepository genericInfo;
2988 
2989     // accessor for factory
2990     private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
2991         // create scope and factory
2992         return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
2993     }
2994 
2995     // accessor for generic info repository;
2996     // generic info is lazily initialized
2997     private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
2998         ClassRepository genericInfo = this.genericInfo;
2999         if (genericInfo == null) {
3000             String signature = getGenericSignature0();
3001             if (signature == null) {
3002                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.NONE;
3003             } else {
3004                 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(signature, getFactory());
3005             }
3006             this.genericInfo = genericInfo;
3007         }
3008         return (genericInfo != ClassRepository.NONE) ? genericInfo : null;
3009     }
3010 
3011     // Annotations handling
3012     native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
3013     // Since 1.8
3014     native byte[] getRawTypeAnnotations();
3015     static byte[] getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(Executable ex) {
3016         return getReflectionFactory().getExecutableTypeAnnotationBytes(ex);
3017     }
3018 
3019     native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
3020 
3021     //
3022     //
3023     // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
3024     //
3025     //
3026 
3027     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3028     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3029     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3030     private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
3031         Field[] res;
3032         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3033         if (rd != null) {
3034             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicFields : rd.declaredFields;
3035             if (res != null) return res;
3036         }
3037         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3038         res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
3039         if (rd != null) {
3040             if (publicOnly) {
3041                 rd.declaredPublicFields = res;
3042             } else {
3043                 rd.declaredFields = res;
3044             }
3045         }
3046         return res;
3047     }
3048 
3049     // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
3050     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3051     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3052     private Field[] privateGetPublicFields() {
3053         Field[] res;
3054         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3055         if (rd != null) {
3056             res = rd.publicFields;
3057             if (res != null) return res;
3058         }
3059 
3060         // Use a linked hash set to ensure order is preserved and
3061         // fields from common super interfaces are not duplicated
3062         LinkedHashSet<Field> fields = new LinkedHashSet<>();
3063 
3064         // Local fields
3065         addAll(fields, privateGetDeclaredFields(true));
3066 
3067         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3068         for (Class<?> si : getInterfaces()) {
3069             addAll(fields, si.privateGetPublicFields());
3070         }
3071 
3072         // Direct superclass, recursively
3073         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3074         if (sc != null) {
3075             addAll(fields, sc.privateGetPublicFields());
3076         }
3077 
3078         res = fields.toArray(new Field[0]);
3079         if (rd != null) {
3080             rd.publicFields = res;
3081         }
3082         return res;
3083     }
3084 
3085     private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
3086         for (Field f : o) {
3087             c.add(f);
3088         }
3089     }
3090 
3091 
3092     //
3093     //
3094     // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
3095     //
3096     //
3097 
3098     // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
3099     // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
3100     // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3101     private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
3102         Constructor<T>[] res;
3103         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3104         if (rd != null) {
3105             res = publicOnly ? rd.publicConstructors : rd.declaredConstructors;
3106             if (res != null) return res;
3107         }
3108         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3109         if (isInterface()) {
3110             @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3111             Constructor<T>[] temporaryRes = (Constructor<T>[]) new Constructor<?>[0];
3112             res = temporaryRes;
3113         } else {
3114             res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
3115         }
3116         if (rd != null) {
3117             if (publicOnly) {
3118                 rd.publicConstructors = res;
3119             } else {
3120                 rd.declaredConstructors = res;
3121             }
3122         }
3123         return res;
3124     }
3125 
3126     //
3127     //
3128     // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
3129     //
3130     //
3131 
3132     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3133     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3134     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3135     private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
3136         Method[] res;
3137         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3138         if (rd != null) {
3139             res = publicOnly ? rd.declaredPublicMethods : rd.declaredMethods;
3140             if (res != null) return res;
3141         }
3142         // No cached value available; request value from VM
3143         res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
3144         if (rd != null) {
3145             if (publicOnly) {
3146                 rd.declaredPublicMethods = res;
3147             } else {
3148                 rd.declaredMethods = res;
3149             }
3150         }
3151         return res;
3152     }
3153 
3154     // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
3155     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3156     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3157     private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
3158         Method[] res;
3159         ReflectionData<T> rd = reflectionData();
3160         if (rd != null) {
3161             res = rd.publicMethods;
3162             if (res != null) return res;
3163         }
3164 
3165         // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
3166         // Start by fetching public declared methods...
3167         PublicMethods pms = new PublicMethods();
3168         for (Method m : privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true)) {
3169             pms.merge(m);
3170         }
3171         // ...then recur over superclass methods...
3172         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3173         if (sc != null) {
3174             for (Method m : sc.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3175                 pms.merge(m);
3176             }
3177         }
3178         // ...and finally over direct superinterfaces.
3179         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3180             for (Method m : intf.privateGetPublicMethods()) {
3181                 // static interface methods are not inherited
3182                 if (!Modifier.isStatic(m.getModifiers())) {
3183                     pms.merge(m);
3184                 }
3185             }
3186         }
3187 
3188         res = pms.toArray();
3189         if (rd != null) {
3190             rd.publicMethods = res;
3191         }
3192         return res;
3193     }
3194 
3195 
3196     //
3197     // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
3198     //
3199 
3200     // This method does not copy the returned Field object!
3201     private static Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
3202         for (Field field : fields) {
3203             if (field.getName().equals(name)) {
3204                 return field;
3205             }
3206         }
3207         return null;
3208     }
3209 
3210     // Returns a "root" Field object. This Field object must NOT
3211     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3212     // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
3213     private Field getField0(String name) {
3214         // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
3215         // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
3216         // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
3217         // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
3218         // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
3219         // case where the field being requested is declared in the
3220         // class which is being queried.
3221         Field res;
3222         // Search declared public fields
3223         if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
3224             return res;
3225         }
3226         // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
3227         Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false);
3228         for (Class<?> c : interfaces) {
3229             if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3230                 return res;
3231             }
3232         }
3233         // Direct superclass, recursively
3234         if (!isInterface()) {
3235             Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
3236             if (c != null) {
3237                 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
3238                     return res;
3239                 }
3240             }
3241         }
3242         return null;
3243     }
3244 
3245     // This method does not copy the returned Method object!
3246     private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
3247                                         String name,
3248                                         Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
3249     {
3250         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3251         Method res = null;
3252         for (Method m : methods) {
3253             if (m.getName().equals(name)
3254                 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3255                                    fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(m))
3256                 && (res == null
3257                     || (res.getReturnType() != m.getReturnType()
3258                         && res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType()))))
3259                 res = m;
3260         }
3261         return res;
3262     }
3263 
3264     private static final Class<?>[] EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY = new Class<?>[0];
3265 
3266     // Returns a "root" Method object. This Method object must NOT
3267     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3268     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3269     private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
3270         PublicMethods.MethodList res = getMethodsRecursive(
3271             name,
3272             parameterTypes == null ? EMPTY_CLASS_ARRAY : parameterTypes,
3273             /* includeStatic */ true);
3274         return res == null ? null : res.getMostSpecific();
3275     }
3276 
3277     // Returns a list of "root" Method objects. These Method objects must NOT
3278     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3279     // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
3280     private PublicMethods.MethodList getMethodsRecursive(String name,
3281                                                          Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3282                                                          boolean includeStatic) {
3283         // 1st check declared public methods
3284         Method[] methods = privateGetDeclaredMethods(/* publicOnly */ true);
3285         PublicMethods.MethodList res = PublicMethods.MethodList
3286             .filter(methods, name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3287         // if there is at least one match among declared methods, we need not
3288         // search any further as such match surely overrides matching methods
3289         // declared in superclass(es) or interface(s).
3290         if (res != null) {
3291             return res;
3292         }
3293 
3294         // if there was no match among declared methods,
3295         // we must consult the superclass (if any) recursively...
3296         Class<?> sc = getSuperclass();
3297         if (sc != null) {
3298             res = sc.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes, includeStatic);
3299         }
3300 
3301         // ...and coalesce the superclass methods with methods obtained
3302         // from directly implemented interfaces excluding static methods...
3303         for (Class<?> intf : getInterfaces(/* cloneArray */ false)) {
3304             res = PublicMethods.MethodList.merge(
3305                 res, intf.getMethodsRecursive(name, parameterTypes,
3306                                               /* includeStatic */ false));
3307         }
3308 
3309         return res;
3310     }
3311 
3312     // Returns a "root" Constructor object. This Constructor object must NOT
3313     // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
3314     // via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
3315     private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
3316                                         int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
3317     {
3318         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3319         Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
3320         for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
3321             if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
3322                                 fact.getExecutableSharedParameterTypes(constructor))) {
3323                 return constructor;
3324             }
3325         }
3326         throw new NoSuchMethodException(methodToString("<init>", parameterTypes));
3327     }
3328 
3329     //
3330     // Other helpers and base implementation
3331     //
3332 
3333     private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
3334         if (a1 == null) {
3335             return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
3336         }
3337 
3338         if (a2 == null) {
3339             return a1.length == 0;
3340         }
3341 
3342         if (a1.length != a2.length) {
3343             return false;
3344         }
3345 
3346         for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
3347             if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
3348                 return false;
3349             }
3350         }
3351 
3352         return true;
3353     }
3354 
3355     private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
3356         Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
3357         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3358         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3359             out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
3360         }
3361         return out;
3362     }
3363 
3364     private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
3365         Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
3366         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3367         for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
3368             out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
3369         }
3370         return out;
3371     }
3372 
3373     private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
3374         Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
3375         ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
3376         for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
3377             out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
3378         }
3379         return out;
3380     }
3381 
3382     private native Field[]       getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
3383     private native Method[]      getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
3384     private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
3385     private native Class<?>[]   getDeclaredClasses0();
3386 
3387     /**
3388      * Helper method to get the method name from arguments.
3389      */
3390     private String methodToString(String name, Class<?>[] argTypes) {
3391         StringJoiner sj = new StringJoiner(", ", getName() + "." + name + "(", ")");
3392         if (argTypes != null) {
3393             for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
3394                 Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
3395                 sj.add((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
3396             }
3397         }
3398         return sj.toString();
3399     }
3400 
3401     /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
3402     private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
3403 
3404 
3405     /**
3406      * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
3407      *
3408      * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
3409      * following format:
3410      * <pre>
3411      *      {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
3412      *      A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
3413      *      a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
3414      * </pre>
3415      * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
3416      * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
3417      * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
3418      *
3419      * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
3420      */
3421     private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
3422         new ObjectStreamField[0];
3423 
3424 
3425     /**
3426      * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
3427      * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
3428      * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
3429      * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
3430      * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
3431      * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
3432      * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
3433      * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
3434      * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
3435      * <p>
3436      * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
3437      * for the benefit of the JRE itself.  (It allows a class to determine at
3438      * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
3439      * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
3440      * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
3441      * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
3442      *
3443      * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
3444      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
3445      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
3446      * @see    java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
3447      * @since  1.4
3448      */
3449     public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
3450         ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader0();
3451         // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
3452         if (loader == null)
3453             return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3454 
3455         // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
3456         // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
3457         synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
3458             if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
3459                 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
3460             }
3461         }
3462         return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
3463     }
3464 
3465     // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
3466     private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
3467 
3468     /**
3469      * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3470      * source code.
3471      *
3472      * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
3473      *     source code
3474      * @since 1.5
3475      */
3476     public boolean isEnum() {
3477         // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
3478         // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
3479         // don't do the former.
3480         return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
3481         this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
3482     }
3483 
3484     // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
3485     private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
3486         if (reflectionFactory == null) {
3487             reflectionFactory =
3488                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
3489                     (new ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
3490         }
3491         return reflectionFactory;
3492     }
3493     private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
3494 
3495     /**
3496      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3497      * Class object does not represent an enum type.
3498      *
3499      * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
3500      *     represented by this Class object in the order they're
3501      *     declared, or null if this Class object does not
3502      *     represent an enum type
3503      * @since 1.5
3504      */
3505     public T[] getEnumConstants() {
3506         T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
3507         return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
3508     }
3509 
3510     /**
3511      * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
3512      * Class object does not represent an enum type;
3513      * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
3514      * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
3515      */
3516     T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
3517         T[] constants = enumConstants;
3518         if (constants == null) {
3519             if (!isEnum()) return null;
3520             try {
3521                 final Method values = getMethod("values");
3522                 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
3523                     new java.security.PrivilegedAction<>() {
3524                         public Void run() {
3525                                 values.setAccessible(true);
3526                                 return null;
3527                             }
3528                         });
3529                 @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3530                 T[] temporaryConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
3531                 enumConstants = constants = temporaryConstants;
3532             }
3533             // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
3534             // that don't comply with the enum spec.
3535             catch (InvocationTargetException | NoSuchMethodException |
3536                    IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
3537         }
3538         return constants;
3539     }
3540     private transient volatile T[] enumConstants;
3541 
3542     /**
3543      * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant.  This package-private
3544      * method is used internally by Enum to implement
3545      * {@code public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)}
3546      * efficiently.  Note that the map is returned by this method is
3547      * created lazily on first use.  Typically it won't ever get created.
3548      */
3549     Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
3550         Map<String, T> directory = enumConstantDirectory;
3551         if (directory == null) {
3552             T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
3553             if (universe == null)
3554                 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
3555                     getName() + " is not an enum type");
3556             directory = new HashMap<>((int)(universe.length / 0.75f) + 1);
3557             for (T constant : universe) {
3558                 directory.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
3559             }
3560             enumConstantDirectory = directory;
3561         }
3562         return directory;
3563     }
3564     private transient volatile Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory;
3565 
3566     /**
3567      * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
3568      * by this {@code Class} object.
3569      *
3570      * @param obj the object to be cast
3571      * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
3572      *
3573      * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
3574      * null and is not assignable to the type T.
3575      *
3576      * @since 1.5
3577      */
3578     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3579     @HotSpotIntrinsicCandidate
3580     public T cast(Object obj) {
3581         if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
3582             throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
3583         return (T) obj;
3584     }
3585 
3586     private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
3587         return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
3588     }
3589 
3590     /**
3591      * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
3592      * represented by the specified class object.  Checks that the cast
3593      * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not.  If
3594      * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
3595      *
3596      * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
3597      * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
3598      * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept.  A cast would
3599      * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
3600      * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
3601      * by erasure).
3602      *
3603      * @param <U> the type to cast this class object to
3604      * @param clazz the class of the type to cast this class object to
3605      * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
3606      *    the specified class object.
3607      * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
3608      *    represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
3609      *    the class itself).
3610      * @since 1.5
3611      */
3612     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3613     public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
3614         if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
3615             return (Class<? extends U>) this;
3616         else
3617             throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
3618     }
3619 
3620     /**
3621      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3622      * @since 1.5
3623      */
3624     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3625     public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3626         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3627 
3628         return (A) annotationData().annotations.get(annotationClass);
3629     }
3630 
3631     /**
3632      * {@inheritDoc}
3633      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3634      * @since 1.5
3635      */
3636     @Override
3637     public boolean isAnnotationPresent(Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
3638         return GenericDeclaration.super.isAnnotationPresent(annotationClass);
3639     }
3640 
3641     /**
3642      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3643      * @since 1.8
3644      */
3645     @Override
3646     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3647         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3648 
3649         AnnotationData annotationData = annotationData();
3650         return AnnotationSupport.getAssociatedAnnotations(annotationData.declaredAnnotations,
3651                                                           this,
3652                                                           annotationClass);
3653     }
3654 
3655     /**
3656      * @since 1.5
3657      */
3658     public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
3659         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().annotations);
3660     }
3661 
3662     /**
3663      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3664      * @since 1.8
3665      */
3666     @Override
3667     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
3668     public <A extends Annotation> A getDeclaredAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3669         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3670 
3671         return (A) annotationData().declaredAnnotations.get(annotationClass);
3672     }
3673 
3674     /**
3675      * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3676      * @since 1.8
3677      */
3678     @Override
3679     public <A extends Annotation> A[] getDeclaredAnnotationsByType(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3680         Objects.requireNonNull(annotationClass);
3681 
3682         return AnnotationSupport.getDirectlyAndIndirectlyPresent(annotationData().declaredAnnotations,
3683                                                                  annotationClass);
3684     }
3685 
3686     /**
3687      * @since 1.5
3688      */
3689     public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations()  {
3690         return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotationData().declaredAnnotations);
3691     }
3692 
3693     // annotation data that might get invalidated when JVM TI RedefineClasses() is called
3694     private static class AnnotationData {
3695         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
3696         final Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
3697 
3698         // Value of classRedefinedCount when we created this AnnotationData instance
3699         final int redefinedCount;
3700 
3701         AnnotationData(Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations,
3702                        Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations,
3703                        int redefinedCount) {
3704             this.annotations = annotations;
3705             this.declaredAnnotations = declaredAnnotations;
3706             this.redefinedCount = redefinedCount;
3707         }
3708     }
3709 
3710     // Annotations cache
3711     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3712     private transient volatile AnnotationData annotationData;
3713 
3714     private AnnotationData annotationData() {
3715         while (true) { // retry loop
3716             AnnotationData annotationData = this.annotationData;
3717             int classRedefinedCount = this.classRedefinedCount;
3718             if (annotationData != null &&
3719                 annotationData.redefinedCount == classRedefinedCount) {
3720                 return annotationData;
3721             }
3722             // null or stale annotationData -> optimistically create new instance
3723             AnnotationData newAnnotationData = createAnnotationData(classRedefinedCount);
3724             // try to install it
3725             if (Atomic.casAnnotationData(this, annotationData, newAnnotationData)) {
3726                 // successfully installed new AnnotationData
3727                 return newAnnotationData;
3728             }
3729         }
3730     }
3731 
3732     private AnnotationData createAnnotationData(int classRedefinedCount) {
3733         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations =
3734             AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3735         Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
3736         Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations = null;
3737         if (superClass != null) {
3738             Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> superAnnotations =
3739                 superClass.annotationData().annotations;
3740             for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superAnnotations.entrySet()) {
3741                 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
3742                 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited()) {
3743                     if (annotations == null) { // lazy construction
3744                         annotations = new LinkedHashMap<>((Math.max(
3745                                 declaredAnnotations.size(),
3746                                 Math.min(12, declaredAnnotations.size() + superAnnotations.size())
3747                             ) * 4 + 2) / 3
3748                         );
3749                     }
3750                     annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
3751                 }
3752             }
3753         }
3754         if (annotations == null) {
3755             // no inherited annotations -> share the Map with declaredAnnotations
3756             annotations = declaredAnnotations;
3757         } else {
3758             // at least one inherited annotation -> declared may override inherited
3759             annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
3760         }
3761         return new AnnotationData(annotations, declaredAnnotations, classRedefinedCount);
3762     }
3763 
3764     // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
3765 
3766     @SuppressWarnings("UnusedDeclaration")
3767     private transient volatile AnnotationType annotationType;
3768 
3769     boolean casAnnotationType(AnnotationType oldType, AnnotationType newType) {
3770         return Atomic.casAnnotationType(this, oldType, newType);
3771     }
3772 
3773     AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
3774         return annotationType;
3775     }
3776 
3777     Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> getDeclaredAnnotationMap() {
3778         return annotationData().declaredAnnotations;
3779     }
3780 
3781     /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
3782      * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
3783      */
3784     transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
3785 
3786     /**
3787      * Returns an {@code AnnotatedType} object that represents the use of a
3788      * type to specify the superclass of the entity represented by this {@code
3789      * Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify the superclass
3790      * in '...  extends Foo' is distinct from the <em>declaration</em> of type
3791      * Foo.)
3792      *
3793      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a type whose declaration
3794      * does not explicitly indicate an annotated superclass, then the return
3795      * value is an {@code AnnotatedType} object representing an element with no
3796      * annotations.
3797      *
3798      * <p> If this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object} class, an
3799      * interface type, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return
3800      * value is {@code null}.
3801      *
3802      * @return an object representing the superclass
3803      * @since 1.8
3804      */
3805     public AnnotatedType getAnnotatedSuperclass() {
3806         if (this == Object.class ||
3807                 isInterface() ||
3808                 isArray() ||
3809                 isPrimitive() ||
3810                 this == Void.TYPE) {
3811             return null;
3812         }
3813 
3814         return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedSuperclass(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3815     }
3816 
3817     /**
3818      * Returns an array of {@code AnnotatedType} objects that represent the use
3819      * of types to specify superinterfaces of the entity represented by this
3820      * {@code Class} object. (The <em>use</em> of type Foo to specify a
3821      * superinterface in '... implements Foo' is distinct from the
3822      * <em>declaration</em> of type Foo.)
3823      *
3824      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class, the return value is
3825      * an array containing objects representing the uses of interface types to
3826      * specify interfaces implemented by the class. The order of the objects in
3827      * the array corresponds to the order of the interface types used in the
3828      * 'implements' clause of the declaration of this {@code Class} object.
3829      *
3830      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents an interface, the return
3831      * value is an array containing objects representing the uses of interface
3832      * types to specify interfaces directly extended by the interface. The
3833      * order of the objects in the array corresponds to the order of the
3834      * interface types used in the 'extends' clause of the declaration of this
3835      * {@code Class} object.
3836      *
3837      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents a class or interface whose
3838      * declaration does not explicitly indicate any annotated superinterfaces,
3839      * the return value is an array of length 0.
3840      *
3841      * <p> If this {@code Class} object represents either the {@code Object}
3842      * class, an array type, a primitive type, or void, the return value is an
3843      * array of length 0.
3844      *
3845      * @return an array representing the superinterfaces
3846      * @since 1.8
3847      */
3848     public AnnotatedType[] getAnnotatedInterfaces() {
3849          return TypeAnnotationParser.buildAnnotatedInterfaces(getRawTypeAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3850     }
3851 }