1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "jvm.h"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/moduleEntry.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  32 #include "gc/shared/collectorPolicy.hpp"
  33 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
  35 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  36 #include "logging/logConfiguration.hpp"
  37 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  38 #include "logging/logTag.hpp"
  39 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  41 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  43 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  44 #include "runtime/arguments_ext.hpp"
  45 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlag.hpp"
  46 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  47 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagWriteableList.hpp"
  48 #include "runtime/flags/jvmFlagRangeList.hpp"
  49 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  50 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  51 #include "runtime/os.inline.hpp"
  52 #include "runtime/safepoint.hpp"
  53 #include "runtime/safepointMechanism.hpp"
  54 #include "runtime/vm_version.hpp"
  55 #include "services/management.hpp"
  56 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  57 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  58 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  59 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  60 #include "utilities/stringUtils.hpp"
  61 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
  62 #include "jvmci/jvmciRuntime.hpp"
  63 #endif
  64 
  65 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  66 #ifdef VENDOR_URL_VM_BUG
  67 # define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG VENDOR_URL_VM_BUG
  68 #else
  69 # define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.java.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  70 #endif
  71 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  72 
  73 char*  Arguments::_jvm_flags_file               = NULL;
  74 char** Arguments::_jvm_flags_array              = NULL;
  75 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_flags                = 0;
  76 char** Arguments::_jvm_args_array               = NULL;
  77 int    Arguments::_num_jvm_args                 = 0;
  78 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  79 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  80 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  81 size_t Arguments::_conservative_max_heap_alignment = 0;
  82 size_t Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
  83 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  84 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
  85 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
  86 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
  87 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  88 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
  89 bool   Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm  = false;
  90 
  91 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args()
  92 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
  93 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
  94 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
  95 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
  96 intx   Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog     = Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
  97 intx   Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold     = Tier4InvocationThreshold;
  98 
  99 bool   Arguments::_enable_preview               = false;
 100 
 101 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
 102 
 103 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
 104 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
 105 
 106 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
 107 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
 108 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
 109 
 110 
 111 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
 112 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
 113 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 114 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 115 SystemProperty *Arguments::_jdk_boot_class_path_append = NULL;
 116 
 117 GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*> *Arguments::_patch_mod_prefix = NULL;
 118 PathString *Arguments::_system_boot_class_path = NULL;
 119 bool Arguments::_has_jimage = false;
 120 
 121 char* Arguments::_ext_dirs = NULL;
 122 
 123 bool PathString::set_value(const char *value) {
 124   if (_value != NULL) {
 125     FreeHeap(_value);
 126   }
 127   _value = AllocateHeap(strlen(value)+1, mtArguments);
 128   assert(_value != NULL, "Unable to allocate space for new path value");
 129   if (_value != NULL) {
 130     strcpy(_value, value);
 131   } else {
 132     // not able to allocate
 133     return false;
 134   }
 135   return true;
 136 }
 137 
 138 void PathString::append_value(const char *value) {
 139   char *sp;
 140   size_t len = 0;
 141   if (value != NULL) {
 142     len = strlen(value);
 143     if (_value != NULL) {
 144       len += strlen(_value);
 145     }
 146     sp = AllocateHeap(len+2, mtArguments);
 147     assert(sp != NULL, "Unable to allocate space for new append path value");
 148     if (sp != NULL) {
 149       if (_value != NULL) {
 150         strcpy(sp, _value);
 151         strcat(sp, os::path_separator());
 152         strcat(sp, value);
 153         FreeHeap(_value);
 154       } else {
 155         strcpy(sp, value);
 156       }
 157       _value = sp;
 158     }
 159   }
 160 }
 161 
 162 PathString::PathString(const char* value) {
 163   if (value == NULL) {
 164     _value = NULL;
 165   } else {
 166     _value = AllocateHeap(strlen(value)+1, mtArguments);
 167     strcpy(_value, value);
 168   }
 169 }
 170 
 171 PathString::~PathString() {
 172   if (_value != NULL) {
 173     FreeHeap(_value);
 174     _value = NULL;
 175   }
 176 }
 177 
 178 ModulePatchPath::ModulePatchPath(const char* module_name, const char* path) {
 179   assert(module_name != NULL && path != NULL, "Invalid module name or path value");
 180   size_t len = strlen(module_name) + 1;
 181   _module_name = AllocateHeap(len, mtInternal);
 182   strncpy(_module_name, module_name, len); // copy the trailing null
 183   _path =  new PathString(path);
 184 }
 185 
 186 ModulePatchPath::~ModulePatchPath() {
 187   if (_module_name != NULL) {
 188     FreeHeap(_module_name);
 189     _module_name = NULL;
 190   }
 191   if (_path != NULL) {
 192     delete _path;
 193     _path = NULL;
 194   }
 195 }
 196 
 197 SystemProperty::SystemProperty(const char* key, const char* value, bool writeable, bool internal) : PathString(value) {
 198   if (key == NULL) {
 199     _key = NULL;
 200   } else {
 201     _key = AllocateHeap(strlen(key)+1, mtArguments);
 202     strcpy(_key, key);
 203   }
 204   _next = NULL;
 205   _internal = internal;
 206   _writeable = writeable;
 207 }
 208 
 209 AgentLibrary::AgentLibrary(const char* name, const char* options,
 210                bool is_absolute_path, void* os_lib,
 211                bool instrument_lib) {
 212   _name = AllocateHeap(strlen(name)+1, mtArguments);
 213   strcpy(_name, name);
 214   if (options == NULL) {
 215     _options = NULL;
 216   } else {
 217     _options = AllocateHeap(strlen(options)+1, mtArguments);
 218     strcpy(_options, options);
 219   }
 220   _is_absolute_path = is_absolute_path;
 221   _os_lib = os_lib;
 222   _next = NULL;
 223   _state = agent_invalid;
 224   _is_static_lib = false;
 225   _is_instrument_lib = instrument_lib;
 226 }
 227 
 228 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' to the remaining
 229 // part of the option string.
 230 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 231                          const char** tail) {
 232   size_t len = strlen(name);
 233   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 234     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 235     return true;
 236   } else {
 237     return false;
 238   }
 239 }
 240 
 241 // Check if 'option' matches 'name'. No "tail" is allowed.
 242 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name) {
 243   const char* tail = NULL;
 244   bool result = match_option(option, name, &tail);
 245   if (tail != NULL && *tail == '\0') {
 246     return result;
 247   } else {
 248     return false;
 249   }
 250 }
 251 
 252 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
 253 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
 254 // the option must match exactly.
 255 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
 256   bool tail_allowed) {
 257   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
 258   if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
 259       if (**tail == '\0' || (tail_allowed && **tail == ':')) {
 260         return true;
 261       }
 262     }
 263   }
 264   return false;
 265 }
 266 
 267 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 268   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 269     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 270   }
 271 }
 272 
 273 bool needs_module_property_warning = false;
 274 
 275 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX "jdk.module."
 276 #define MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN 11
 277 #define ADDEXPORTS "addexports"
 278 #define ADDEXPORTS_LEN 10
 279 #define ADDREADS "addreads"
 280 #define ADDREADS_LEN 8
 281 #define ADDOPENS "addopens"
 282 #define ADDOPENS_LEN 8
 283 #define PATCH "patch"
 284 #define PATCH_LEN 5
 285 #define ADDMODS "addmods"
 286 #define ADDMODS_LEN 7
 287 #define LIMITMODS "limitmods"
 288 #define LIMITMODS_LEN 9
 289 #define PATH "path"
 290 #define PATH_LEN 4
 291 #define UPGRADE_PATH "upgrade.path"
 292 #define UPGRADE_PATH_LEN 12
 293 
 294 void Arguments::add_init_library(const char* name, char* options) {
 295   _libraryList.add(new AgentLibrary(name, options, false, NULL));
 296 }
 297 
 298 void Arguments::add_init_agent(const char* name, char* options, bool absolute_path) {
 299   _agentList.add(new AgentLibrary(name, options, absolute_path, NULL));
 300 }
 301 
 302 void Arguments::add_instrument_agent(const char* name, char* options, bool absolute_path) {
 303   _agentList.add(new AgentLibrary(name, options, absolute_path, NULL, true));
 304 }
 305 
 306 // Late-binding agents not started via arguments
 307 void Arguments::add_loaded_agent(AgentLibrary *agentLib) {
 308   _agentList.add(agentLib);
 309 }
 310 
 311 void Arguments::add_loaded_agent(const char* name, char* options, bool absolute_path, void* os_lib) {
 312   _agentList.add(new AgentLibrary(name, options, absolute_path, os_lib));
 313 }
 314 
 315 // Return TRUE if option matches 'property', or 'property=', or 'property.'.
 316 static bool matches_property_suffix(const char* option, const char* property, size_t len) {
 317   return ((strncmp(option, property, len) == 0) &&
 318           (option[len] == '=' || option[len] == '.' || option[len] == '\0'));
 319 }
 320 
 321 // Return true if property starts with "jdk.module." and its ensuing chars match
 322 // any of the reserved module properties.
 323 // property should be passed without the leading "-D".
 324 bool Arguments::is_internal_module_property(const char* property) {
 325   assert((strncmp(property, "-D", 2) != 0), "Unexpected leading -D");
 326   if  (strncmp(property, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX, MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN) == 0) {
 327     const char* property_suffix = property + MODULE_PROPERTY_PREFIX_LEN;
 328     if (matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDEXPORTS, ADDEXPORTS_LEN) ||
 329         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDREADS, ADDREADS_LEN) ||
 330         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDOPENS, ADDOPENS_LEN) ||
 331         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATCH, PATCH_LEN) ||
 332         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, ADDMODS, ADDMODS_LEN) ||
 333         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, LIMITMODS, LIMITMODS_LEN) ||
 334         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, PATH, PATH_LEN) ||
 335         matches_property_suffix(property_suffix, UPGRADE_PATH, UPGRADE_PATH_LEN)) {
 336       return true;
 337     }
 338   }
 339   return false;
 340 }
 341 
 342 // Process java launcher properties.
 343 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 344   // See if sun.java.launcher, sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm or
 345   // sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 346   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 347   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 348   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 349     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 350     const char* tail;
 351 
 352     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 353       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 354       continue;
 355     }
 356     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.is_altjvm=", &tail)) {
 357       if (strcmp(tail, "true") == 0) {
 358         _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm = true;
 359       }
 360       continue;
 361     }
 362     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 363       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 364       continue;
 365     }
 366   }
 367 }
 368 
 369 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 370 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 371 
 372   // Set up _system_boot_class_path which is not a property but
 373   // relies heavily on argument processing and the jdk.boot.class.path.append
 374   // property. It is used to store the underlying system boot class path.
 375   _system_boot_class_path = new PathString(NULL);
 376 
 377   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 378                                                            "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 379   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 380   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 381   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 382   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("jdk.debug", VM_Version::jdk_debug_level(),  false));
 383 
 384   // Following are JVMTI agent writable properties.
 385   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 386   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 387   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 388   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 389   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 390   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 391   // jdk.boot.class.path.append is a non-writeable, internal property.
 392   // It can only be set by either:
 393   //    - -Xbootclasspath/a:
 394   //    - AddToBootstrapClassLoaderSearch during JVMTI OnLoad phase
 395   _jdk_boot_class_path_append = new SystemProperty("jdk.boot.class.path.append", "", false, true);
 396 
 397   // Add to System Property list.
 398   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 399   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 400   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 401   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 402   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _jdk_boot_class_path_append);
 403 
 404   // Set OS specific system properties values
 405   os::init_system_properties_values();
 406 }
 407 
 408 // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 409 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 410   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 411   char buffer[bufsz];
 412   const char* spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 413   uint32_t spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 414 
 415   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 416 
 417   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 418       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 419   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 420       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 421   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 422       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 423 }
 424 
 425 /*
 426  *  -XX argument processing:
 427  *
 428  *  -XX arguments are defined in several places, such as:
 429  *      globals.hpp, globals_<cpu>.hpp, globals_<os>.hpp, <compiler>_globals.hpp, or <gc>_globals.hpp.
 430  *  -XX arguments are parsed in parse_argument().
 431  *  -XX argument bounds checking is done in check_vm_args_consistency().
 432  *
 433  * Over time -XX arguments may change. There are mechanisms to handle common cases:
 434  *
 435  *      ALIASED: An option that is simply another name for another option. This is often
 436  *               part of the process of deprecating a flag, but not all aliases need
 437  *               to be deprecated.
 438  *
 439  *               Create an alias for an option by adding the old and new option names to the
 440  *               "aliased_jvm_flags" table. Delete the old variable from globals.hpp (etc).
 441  *
 442  *   DEPRECATED: An option that is supported, but a warning is printed to let the user know that
 443  *               support may be removed in the future. Both regular and aliased options may be
 444  *               deprecated.
 445  *
 446  *               Add a deprecation warning for an option (or alias) by adding an entry in the
 447  *               "special_jvm_flags" table and setting the "deprecated_in" field.
 448  *               Often an option "deprecated" in one major release will
 449  *               be made "obsolete" in the next. In this case the entry should also have its
 450  *               "obsolete_in" field set.
 451  *
 452  *     OBSOLETE: An option that has been removed (and deleted from globals.hpp), but is still accepted
 453  *               on the command line. A warning is printed to let the user know that option might not
 454  *               be accepted in the future.
 455  *
 456  *               Add an obsolete warning for an option by adding an entry in the "special_jvm_flags"
 457  *               table and setting the "obsolete_in" field.
 458  *
 459  *      EXPIRED: A deprecated or obsolete option that has an "accept_until" version less than or equal
 460  *               to the current JDK version. The system will flatly refuse to admit the existence of
 461  *               the flag. This allows a flag to die automatically over JDK releases.
 462  *
 463  *               Note that manual cleanup of expired options should be done at major JDK version upgrades:
 464  *                  - Newly expired options should be removed from the special_jvm_flags and aliased_jvm_flags tables.
 465  *                  - Newly obsolete or expired deprecated options should have their global variable
 466  *                    definitions removed (from globals.hpp, etc) and related implementations removed.
 467  *
 468  * Recommended approach for removing options:
 469  *
 470  * To remove options commonly used by customers (e.g. product, commercial -XX options), use
 471  * the 3-step model adding major release numbers to the deprecate, obsolete and expire columns.
 472  *
 473  * To remove internal options (e.g. diagnostic, experimental, develop options), use
 474  * a 2-step model adding major release numbers to the obsolete and expire columns.
 475  *
 476  * To change the name of an option, use the alias table as well as a 2-step
 477  * model adding major release numbers to the deprecate and expire columns.
 478  * Think twice about aliasing commonly used customer options.
 479  *
 480  * There are times when it is appropriate to leave a future release number as undefined.
 481  *
 482  * Tests:  Aliases should be tested in VMAliasOptions.java.
 483  *         Deprecated options should be tested in VMDeprecatedOptions.java.
 484  */
 485 
 486 // The special_jvm_flags table declares options that are being deprecated and/or obsoleted. The
 487 // "deprecated_in" or "obsolete_in" fields may be set to "undefined", but not both.
 488 // When the JDK version reaches 'deprecated_in' limit, the JVM will process this flag on
 489 // the command-line as usual, but will issue a warning.
 490 // When the JDK version reaches 'obsolete_in' limit, the JVM will continue accepting this flag on
 491 // the command-line, while issuing a warning and ignoring the flag value.
 492 // Once the JDK version reaches 'expired_in' limit, the JVM will flatly refuse to admit the
 493 // existence of the flag.
 494 //
 495 // MANUAL CLEANUP ON JDK VERSION UPDATES:
 496 // This table ensures that the handling of options will update automatically when the JDK
 497 // version is incremented, but the source code needs to be cleanup up manually:
 498 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" or "expired" options, the associated "globals"
 499 //   variable should be removed, as well as users of the variable.
 500 // - As "deprecated" options age into "obsolete" options, move the entry into the
 501 //   "Obsolete Flags" section of the table.
 502 // - All expired options should be removed from the table.
 503 static SpecialFlag const special_jvm_flags[] = {
 504   // -------------- Deprecated Flags --------------
 505   // --- Non-alias flags - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 506   { "MaxGCMinorPauseMillis",        JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 507   { "UseConcMarkSweepGC",           JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 508   { "AssumeMP",                     JDK_Version::jdk(10),JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 509   { "MonitorInUseLists",            JDK_Version::jdk(10),JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 510   { "MaxRAMFraction",               JDK_Version::jdk(10),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 511   { "MinRAMFraction",               JDK_Version::jdk(10),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 512   { "InitialRAMFraction",           JDK_Version::jdk(10),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 513   { "UseMembar",                    JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 514   { "IgnoreUnverifiableClassesDuringDump", JDK_Version::jdk(10),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 515   { "CompilerThreadHintNoPreempt",  JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12), JDK_Version::jdk(13) },
 516   { "VMThreadHintNoPreempt",        JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12), JDK_Version::jdk(13) },
 517   { "PrintSafepointStatistics",     JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12), JDK_Version::jdk(13) },
 518   { "PrintSafepointStatisticsTimeout", JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12), JDK_Version::jdk(13) },
 519   { "PrintSafepointStatisticsCount",JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12), JDK_Version::jdk(13) },
 520   { "AggressiveOpts",               JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12), JDK_Version::jdk(13) },
 521   { "AllowNonVirtualCalls",         JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12), JDK_Version::jdk(13) },
 522 
 523   // --- Deprecated alias flags (see also aliased_jvm_flags) - sorted by obsolete_in then expired_in:
 524   { "DefaultMaxRAMFraction",        JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 525   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",        JDK_Version::jdk(9),  JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 526   { "MustCallLoadClassInternal",    JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 527   { "UnsyncloadClass",              JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 528 
 529   // -------------- Obsolete Flags - sorted by expired_in --------------
 530   { "ConvertSleepToYield",           JDK_Version::jdk(9),      JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11) },
 531   { "ConvertYieldToSleep",           JDK_Version::jdk(9),      JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11) },
 532   { "MinSleepInterval",              JDK_Version::jdk(9),      JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::jdk(11) },
 533   { "CheckAssertionStatusDirectives",JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 534   { "PrintMallocFree",               JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 535   { "PrintMalloc",                   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 536   { "ShowSafepointMsgs",             JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 537   { "FastTLABRefill",                JDK_Version::jdk(10),     JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 538   { "SafepointSpinBeforeYield",      JDK_Version::jdk(10),     JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 539   { "CheckEndorsedAndExtDirs",       JDK_Version::jdk(10),     JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 540   { "DeferThrSuspendLoopCount",      JDK_Version::jdk(10),     JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 541   { "DeferPollingPageLoopCount",     JDK_Version::jdk(10),     JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 542   { "PermSize",                      JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::undefined() },
 543   { "MaxPermSize",                   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::undefined() },
 544   { "SharedReadWriteSize",           JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 545   { "SharedReadOnlySize",            JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 546   { "SharedMiscDataSize",            JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 547   { "SharedMiscCodeSize",            JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(10), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 548   { "UseUTCFileTimestamp",           JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 549   { "UseAppCDS",                     JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(11), JDK_Version::jdk(12) },
 550 
 551 #ifdef TEST_VERIFY_SPECIAL_JVM_FLAGS
 552   { "dep > obs",                    JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 553   { "dep > exp ",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 554   { "obs > exp ",                   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 555   { "not deprecated or obsolete",   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 556   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 557   { "dup option",                   JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 558   { "BytecodeVerificationRemote",   JDK_Version::undefined(), JDK_Version::jdk(9), JDK_Version::undefined() },
 559 #endif
 560 
 561   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 562 };
 563 
 564 // Flags that are aliases for other flags.
 565 typedef struct {
 566   const char* alias_name;
 567   const char* real_name;
 568 } AliasedFlag;
 569 
 570 static AliasedFlag const aliased_jvm_flags[] = {
 571   { "DefaultMaxRAMFraction",    "MaxRAMFraction"    },
 572   { "CreateMinidumpOnCrash",    "CreateCoredumpOnCrash" },
 573   { NULL, NULL}
 574 };
 575 
 576 // NOTE: A compatibility request will be necessary for each alias to be removed.
 577 static AliasedLoggingFlag const aliased_logging_flags[] = {
 578   { "PrintCompressedOopsMode",   LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(gc, heap, coops) },
 579   { "PrintSharedSpaces",         LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(cds) },
 580   { "TraceBiasedLocking",        LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(biasedlocking) },
 581   { "TraceClassLoading",         LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, load) },
 582   { "TraceClassLoadingPreorder", LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(class, preorder) },
 583   { "TraceClassPaths",           LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, path) },
 584   { "TraceClassResolution",      LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(class, resolve) },
 585   { "TraceClassUnloading",       LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, unload) },
 586   { "TraceExceptions",           LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(exceptions) },
 587   { "TraceLoaderConstraints",    LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(class, loader, constraints) },
 588   { "TraceMonitorInflation",     LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(monitorinflation) },
 589   { "TraceSafepointCleanupTime", LogLevel::Info,  true,  LOG_TAGS(safepoint, cleanup) },
 590   { "TraceJVMTIObjectTagging",   LogLevel::Debug, true,  LOG_TAGS(jvmti, objecttagging) },
 591   { "TraceRedefineClasses",      LogLevel::Info,  false, LOG_TAGS(redefine, class) },
 592   { NULL,                        LogLevel::Off,   false, LOG_TAGS(_NO_TAG) }
 593 };
 594 
 595 #ifndef PRODUCT
 596 // These options are removed in jdk9. Remove this code for jdk10.
 597 static AliasedFlag const removed_develop_logging_flags[] = {
 598   { "TraceClassInitialization",   "-Xlog:class+init" },
 599   { "TraceClassLoaderData",       "-Xlog:class+loader+data" },
 600   { "TraceDefaultMethods",        "-Xlog:defaultmethods=debug" },
 601   { "TraceItables",               "-Xlog:itables=debug" },
 602   { "TraceMonitorMismatch",       "-Xlog:monitormismatch=info" },
 603   { "TraceSafepoint",             "-Xlog:safepoint=debug" },
 604   { "TraceStartupTime",           "-Xlog:startuptime" },
 605   { "TraceVMOperation",           "-Xlog:vmoperation=debug" },
 606   { "PrintVtables",               "-Xlog:vtables=debug" },
 607   { "VerboseVerification",        "-Xlog:verification" },
 608   { NULL, NULL }
 609 };
 610 #endif //PRODUCT
 611 
 612 // Return true if "v" is less than "other", where "other" may be "undefined".
 613 static bool version_less_than(JDK_Version v, JDK_Version other) {
 614   assert(!v.is_undefined(), "must be defined");
 615   if (!other.is_undefined() && v.compare(other) >= 0) {
 616     return false;
 617   } else {
 618     return true;
 619   }
 620 }
 621 
 622 extern bool lookup_special_flag_ext(const char *flag_name, SpecialFlag& flag);
 623 
 624 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, SpecialFlag& flag) {
 625   // Allow extensions to have priority
 626   if (lookup_special_flag_ext(flag_name, flag)) {
 627     return true;
 628   }
 629 
 630   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL; i++) {
 631     if ((strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 632       flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 633       return true;
 634     }
 635   }
 636   return false;
 637 }
 638 
 639 bool Arguments::is_obsolete_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 640   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 641   SpecialFlag flag;
 642   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 643     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 644       if (!version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in)) {
 645         *version = flag.obsolete_in;
 646         return true;
 647       }
 648     }
 649   }
 650   return false;
 651 }
 652 
 653 int Arguments::is_deprecated_flag(const char *flag_name, JDK_Version* version) {
 654   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 655   SpecialFlag flag;
 656   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
 657     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 658       if (version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in) &&
 659           version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 660         *version = flag.deprecated_in;
 661         return 1;
 662       } else {
 663         return -1;
 664       }
 665     }
 666   }
 667   return 0;
 668 }
 669 
 670 #ifndef PRODUCT
 671 const char* Arguments::removed_develop_logging_flag_name(const char* name){
 672   for (size_t i = 0; removed_develop_logging_flags[i].alias_name != NULL; i++) {
 673     const AliasedFlag& flag = removed_develop_logging_flags[i];
 674     if (strcmp(flag.alias_name, name) == 0) {
 675       return flag.real_name;
 676     }
 677   }
 678   return NULL;
 679 }
 680 #endif // PRODUCT
 681 
 682 const char* Arguments::real_flag_name(const char *flag_name) {
 683   for (size_t i = 0; aliased_jvm_flags[i].alias_name != NULL; i++) {
 684     const AliasedFlag& flag_status = aliased_jvm_flags[i];
 685     if (strcmp(flag_status.alias_name, flag_name) == 0) {
 686         return flag_status.real_name;
 687     }
 688   }
 689   return flag_name;
 690 }
 691 
 692 #ifdef ASSERT
 693 static bool lookup_special_flag(const char *flag_name, size_t skip_index) {
 694   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL; i++) {
 695     if ((i != skip_index) && (strcmp(special_jvm_flags[i].name, flag_name) == 0)) {
 696       return true;
 697     }
 698   }
 699   return false;
 700 }
 701 
 702 // Verifies the correctness of the entries in the special_jvm_flags table.
 703 // If there is a semantic error (i.e. a bug in the table) such as the obsoletion
 704 // version being earlier than the deprecation version, then a warning is issued
 705 // and verification fails - by returning false. If it is detected that the table
 706 // is out of date, with respect to the current version, then a warning is issued
 707 // but verification does not fail. This allows the VM to operate when the version
 708 // is first updated, without needing to update all the impacted flags at the
 709 // same time.
 710 static bool verify_special_jvm_flags() {
 711   bool success = true;
 712   for (size_t i = 0; special_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL; i++) {
 713     const SpecialFlag& flag = special_jvm_flags[i];
 714     if (lookup_special_flag(flag.name, i)) {
 715       warning("Duplicate special flag declaration \"%s\"", flag.name);
 716       success = false;
 717     }
 718     if (flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined() &&
 719         flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 720       warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must declare version deprecated and/or obsoleted in.", flag.name);
 721       success = false;
 722     }
 723 
 724     if (!flag.deprecated_in.is_undefined()) {
 725       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.obsolete_in)) {
 726         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before obsoleted.", flag.name);
 727         success = false;
 728       }
 729 
 730       if (!version_less_than(flag.deprecated_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 731         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be deprecated before expired.", flag.name);
 732         success = false;
 733       }
 734     }
 735 
 736     if (!flag.obsolete_in.is_undefined()) {
 737       if (!version_less_than(flag.obsolete_in, flag.expired_in)) {
 738         warning("Special flag entry \"%s\" must be obsoleted before expired.", flag.name);
 739         success = false;
 740       }
 741 
 742       // if flag has become obsolete it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 743       if (!version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.obsolete_in)) {
 744         if (JVMFlag::find_flag(flag.name) != NULL) {
 745           // Temporarily disable the warning: 8196739
 746           // warning("Global variable for obsolete special flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 747         }
 748       }
 749     }
 750 
 751     if (!flag.expired_in.is_undefined()) {
 752       // if flag has become expired it should not have a "globals" flag defined anymore.
 753       if (!version_less_than(JDK_Version::current(), flag.expired_in)) {
 754         if (JVMFlag::find_flag(flag.name) != NULL) {
 755           // Temporarily disable the warning: 8196739
 756           // warning("Global variable for expired flag entry \"%s\" should be removed", flag.name);
 757         }
 758       }
 759     }
 760 
 761   }
 762   return success;
 763 }
 764 #endif
 765 
 766 // Parses a size specification string.
 767 bool Arguments::atojulong(const char *s, julong* result) {
 768   julong n = 0;
 769 
 770   // First char must be a digit. Don't allow negative numbers or leading spaces.
 771   if (!isdigit(*s)) {
 772     return false;
 773   }
 774 
 775   bool is_hex = (s[0] == '0' && (s[1] == 'x' || s[1] == 'X'));
 776   char* remainder;
 777   errno = 0;
 778   n = strtoull(s, &remainder, (is_hex ? 16 : 10));
 779   if (errno != 0) {
 780     return false;
 781   }
 782 
 783   // Fail if no number was read at all or if the remainder contains more than a single non-digit character.
 784   if (remainder == s || strlen(remainder) > 1) {
 785     return false;
 786   }
 787 
 788   switch (*remainder) {
 789     case 'T': case 't':
 790       *result = n * G * K;
 791       // Check for overflow.
 792       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 793       return true;
 794     case 'G': case 'g':
 795       *result = n * G;
 796       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 797       return true;
 798     case 'M': case 'm':
 799       *result = n * M;
 800       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 801       return true;
 802     case 'K': case 'k':
 803       *result = n * K;
 804       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 805       return true;
 806     case '\0':
 807       *result = n;
 808       return true;
 809     default:
 810       return false;
 811   }
 812 }
 813 
 814 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size, julong max_size) {
 815   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 816   if (size > max_size) return arg_too_big;
 817   return arg_in_range;
 818 }
 819 
 820 // Describe an argument out of range error
 821 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 822   switch(errcode) {
 823   case arg_too_big:
 824     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 825                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 826                 "representable size.\n");
 827     break;
 828   case arg_too_small:
 829   case arg_unreadable:
 830   case arg_in_range:
 831     // do nothing for now
 832     break;
 833   default:
 834     ShouldNotReachHere();
 835   }
 836 }
 837 
 838 static bool set_bool_flag(const char* name, bool value, JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
 839   if (JVMFlag::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
 840     return true;
 841   } else {
 842     return false;
 843   }
 844 }
 845 
 846 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(const char* name, char* value, JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
 847   char* end;
 848   errno = 0;
 849   double v = strtod(value, &end);
 850   if ((errno != 0) || (*end != 0)) {
 851     return false;
 852   }
 853 
 854   if (JVMFlag::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
 855     return true;
 856   }
 857   return false;
 858 }
 859 
 860 static bool set_numeric_flag(const char* name, char* value, JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
 861   julong v;
 862   int int_v;
 863   intx intx_v;
 864   bool is_neg = false;
 865   JVMFlag* result = JVMFlag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 866 
 867   if (result == NULL) {
 868     return false;
 869   }
 870 
 871   // Check the sign first since atojulong() parses only unsigned values.
 872   if (*value == '-') {
 873     if (!result->is_intx() && !result->is_int()) {
 874       return false;
 875     }
 876     value++;
 877     is_neg = true;
 878   }
 879   if (!Arguments::atojulong(value, &v)) {
 880     return false;
 881   }
 882   if (result->is_int()) {
 883     int_v = (int) v;
 884     if (is_neg) {
 885       int_v = -int_v;
 886     }
 887     return JVMFlag::intAtPut(result, &int_v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 888   } else if (result->is_uint()) {
 889     uint uint_v = (uint) v;
 890     return JVMFlag::uintAtPut(result, &uint_v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 891   } else if (result->is_intx()) {
 892     intx_v = (intx) v;
 893     if (is_neg) {
 894       intx_v = -intx_v;
 895     }
 896     return JVMFlag::intxAtPut(result, &intx_v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 897   } else if (result->is_uintx()) {
 898     uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 899     return JVMFlag::uintxAtPut(result, &uintx_v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 900   } else if (result->is_uint64_t()) {
 901     uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 902     return JVMFlag::uint64_tAtPut(result, &uint64_t_v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 903   } else if (result->is_size_t()) {
 904     size_t size_t_v = (size_t) v;
 905     return JVMFlag::size_tAtPut(result, &size_t_v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 906   } else if (result->is_double()) {
 907     double double_v = (double) v;
 908     return JVMFlag::doubleAtPut(result, &double_v, origin) == JVMFlag::SUCCESS;
 909   } else {
 910     return false;
 911   }
 912 }
 913 
 914 static bool set_string_flag(const char* name, const char* value, JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
 915   if (JVMFlag::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) return false;
 916   // Contract:  JVMFlag always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 917   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 918   return true;
 919 }
 920 
 921 static bool append_to_string_flag(const char* name, const char* new_value, JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
 922   const char* old_value = "";
 923   if (JVMFlag::ccstrAt(name, &old_value) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) return false;
 924   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 925   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 926   const char* value;
 927   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 928   if (old_len == 0) {
 929     value = new_value;
 930   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 931     value = old_value;
 932   } else {
 933      size_t length = old_len + 1 + new_len + 1;
 934      char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
 935     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 936     jio_snprintf(buf, length, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 937     value = buf;
 938     free_this_too = buf;
 939   }
 940   (void) JVMFlag::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 941   // JVMFlag always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 942   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value);
 943   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 944     // JVMFlag made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 945     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too);
 946   }
 947   return true;
 948 }
 949 
 950 const char* Arguments::handle_aliases_and_deprecation(const char* arg, bool warn) {
 951   const char* real_name = real_flag_name(arg);
 952   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 953   switch (is_deprecated_flag(arg, &since)) {
 954     case -1:
 955       return NULL; // obsolete or expired, don't process normally
 956     case 0:
 957       return real_name;
 958     case 1: {
 959       if (warn) {
 960         char version[256];
 961         since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 962         if (real_name != arg) {
 963           warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release. Use option %s instead.",
 964                   arg, version, real_name);
 965         } else {
 966           warning("Option %s was deprecated in version %s and will likely be removed in a future release.",
 967                   arg, version);
 968         }
 969       }
 970       return real_name;
 971     }
 972   }
 973   ShouldNotReachHere();
 974   return NULL;
 975 }
 976 
 977 void log_deprecated_flag(const char* name, bool on, AliasedLoggingFlag alf) {
 978   LogTagType tagSet[] = {alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5};
 979   // Set tagset string buffer at max size of 256, large enough for any alias tagset
 980   const int max_tagset_size = 256;
 981   int max_tagset_len = max_tagset_size - 1;
 982   char tagset_buffer[max_tagset_size];
 983   tagset_buffer[0] = '\0';
 984 
 985   // Write tag-set for aliased logging option, in string list form
 986   int max_tags = sizeof(tagSet)/sizeof(tagSet[0]);
 987   for (int i = 0; i < max_tags && tagSet[i] != LogTag::__NO_TAG; i++) {
 988     if (i > 0) {
 989       strncat(tagset_buffer, "+", max_tagset_len - strlen(tagset_buffer));
 990     }
 991     strncat(tagset_buffer, LogTag::name(tagSet[i]), max_tagset_len - strlen(tagset_buffer));
 992   }
 993   if (!alf.exactMatch) {
 994       strncat(tagset_buffer, "*", max_tagset_len - strlen(tagset_buffer));
 995   }
 996   log_warning(arguments)("-XX:%s%s is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:%s=%s instead.",
 997                          (on) ? "+" : "-",
 998                          name,
 999                          tagset_buffer,
1000                          (on) ? LogLevel::name(alf.level) : "off");
1001 }
1002 
1003 AliasedLoggingFlag Arguments::catch_logging_aliases(const char* name, bool on){
1004   for (size_t i = 0; aliased_logging_flags[i].alias_name != NULL; i++) {
1005     const AliasedLoggingFlag& alf = aliased_logging_flags[i];
1006     if (strcmp(alf.alias_name, name) == 0) {
1007       log_deprecated_flag(name, on, alf);
1008       return alf;
1009     }
1010   }
1011   AliasedLoggingFlag a = {NULL, LogLevel::Off, false, LOG_TAGS(_NO_TAG)};
1012   return a;
1013 }
1014 
1015 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
1016 
1017   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
1018 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
1019 #define BUFLEN 255
1020   char name[BUFLEN+1];
1021   char dummy;
1022   const char* real_name;
1023   bool warn_if_deprecated = true;
1024 
1025   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
1026     AliasedLoggingFlag alf = catch_logging_aliases(name, false);
1027     if (alf.alias_name != NULL){
1028       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Off, alf.exactMatch, alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5);
1029       return true;
1030     }
1031     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
1032     if (real_name == NULL) {
1033       return false;
1034     }
1035     return set_bool_flag(real_name, false, origin);
1036   }
1037   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
1038     AliasedLoggingFlag alf = catch_logging_aliases(name, true);
1039     if (alf.alias_name != NULL){
1040       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(alf.level, alf.exactMatch, alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5);
1041       return true;
1042     }
1043     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
1044     if (real_name == NULL) {
1045       return false;
1046     }
1047     return set_bool_flag(real_name, true, origin);
1048   }
1049 
1050   char punct;
1051   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
1052     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
1053     JVMFlag* flag;
1054 
1055     // this scanf pattern matches both strings (handled here) and numbers (handled later))
1056     AliasedLoggingFlag alf = catch_logging_aliases(name, true);
1057     if (alf.alias_name != NULL) {
1058       LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(alf.level, alf.exactMatch, alf.tag0, alf.tag1, alf.tag2, alf.tag3, alf.tag4, alf.tag5);
1059       return true;
1060     }
1061     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
1062     if (real_name == NULL) {
1063       return false;
1064     }
1065     flag = JVMFlag::find_flag(real_name);
1066     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
1067       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
1068         return append_to_string_flag(real_name, value, origin);
1069       } else {
1070         if (value[0] == '\0') {
1071           value = NULL;
1072         }
1073         return set_string_flag(real_name, value, origin);
1074       }
1075     } else {
1076       warn_if_deprecated = false; // if arg is deprecated, we've already done warning...
1077     }
1078   }
1079 
1080   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
1081     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
1082     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
1083     if (value[0] == '\0') {
1084       value = NULL;
1085     }
1086     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
1087     if (real_name == NULL) {
1088       return false;
1089     }
1090     return set_string_flag(real_name, value, origin);
1091   }
1092 
1093 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.eE+]"
1094 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
1095 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789eE+-]"
1096   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
1097   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
1098   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
1099     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
1100     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
1101       real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
1102       if (real_name == NULL) {
1103         return false;
1104       }
1105       return set_fp_numeric_flag(real_name, value, origin);
1106     }
1107   }
1108 
1109 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtxKMGTX0123456789abcdefABCDEF]"
1110   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
1111     real_name = handle_aliases_and_deprecation(name, warn_if_deprecated);
1112     if (real_name == NULL) {
1113       return false;
1114     }
1115     return set_numeric_flag(real_name, value, origin);
1116   }
1117 
1118   return false;
1119 }
1120 
1121 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
1122   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
1123 
1124   if (arg == NULL) {
1125     return;
1126   }
1127 
1128   int new_count = *count + 1;
1129 
1130   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
1131   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
1132     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, new_count, mtArguments);
1133   } else {
1134     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, new_count, mtArguments);
1135   }
1136   (*bldarray)[*count] = os::strdup_check_oom(arg);
1137   *count = new_count;
1138 }
1139 
1140 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
1141   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
1142 }
1143 
1144 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
1145   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
1146 }
1147 
1148 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
1149 // strings in a given char** array
1150 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
1151   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
1152     return NULL;
1153   }
1154   size_t length = 0;
1155   for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
1156     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or NULL terminating character
1157   }
1158   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
1159   char* dst = s;
1160   for (int j = 0; j < count; j++) {
1161     size_t offset = strlen(args[j]) + 1; // add 1 for a space or NULL terminating character
1162     jio_snprintf(dst, length, "%s ", args[j]); // jio_snprintf will replace the last space character with NULL character
1163     dst += offset;
1164     length -= offset;
1165   }
1166   return (const char*) s;
1167 }
1168 
1169 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1170   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
1171   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1172     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1173     st->cr();
1174   }
1175   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1176     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
1177     st->cr();
1178   }
1179   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
1180   if (_java_class_path != NULL) {
1181     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
1182     st->print_cr("java_class_path (initial): %s", strlen(path) == 0 ? "<not set>" : path );
1183   }
1184   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
1185 }
1186 
1187 void Arguments::print_summary_on(outputStream* st) {
1188   // Print the command line.  Environment variables that are helpful for
1189   // reproducing the problem are written later in the hs_err file.
1190   // flags are from setting file
1191   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
1192     st->print_raw("Settings File: ");
1193     print_jvm_flags_on(st);
1194     st->cr();
1195   }
1196   // args are the command line and environment variable arguments.
1197   st->print_raw("Command Line: ");
1198   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
1199     print_jvm_args_on(st);
1200   }
1201   // this is the classfile and any arguments to the java program
1202   if (java_command() != NULL) {
1203     st->print("%s", java_command());
1204   }
1205   st->cr();
1206 }
1207 
1208 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
1209   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
1210     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
1211       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
1212     }
1213   }
1214 }
1215 
1216 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
1217   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
1218     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
1219       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
1220     }
1221   }
1222 }
1223 
1224 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
1225                                  jboolean ignore_unrecognized,
1226                                  JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
1227   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
1228 
1229   if (parse_argument(arg, origin)) {
1230     return true;
1231   }
1232 
1233   // Determine if the flag has '+', '-', or '=' characters.
1234   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
1235   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
1236 
1237   size_t arg_len;
1238   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
1239   if (equal_sign == NULL) {
1240     arg_len = strlen(argname);
1241   } else {
1242     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
1243   }
1244 
1245   // Only make the obsolete check for valid arguments.
1246   if (arg_len <= BUFLEN) {
1247     // Construct a string which consists only of the argument name without '+', '-', or '='.
1248     char stripped_argname[BUFLEN+1]; // +1 for '\0'
1249     jio_snprintf(stripped_argname, arg_len+1, "%s", argname); // +1 for '\0'
1250     if (is_obsolete_flag(stripped_argname, &since)) {
1251       char version[256];
1252       since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
1253       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", stripped_argname, version);
1254       return true;
1255     }
1256 #ifndef PRODUCT
1257     else {
1258       const char* replacement;
1259       if ((replacement = removed_develop_logging_flag_name(stripped_argname)) != NULL){
1260         log_warning(arguments)("%s has been removed. Please use %s instead.",
1261                                stripped_argname,
1262                                replacement);
1263         return false;
1264       }
1265     }
1266 #endif //PRODUCT
1267   }
1268 
1269   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
1270   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
1271   JVMFlag* found_flag = JVMFlag::find_flag((const char*)argname, arg_len, true, true);
1272   if (found_flag != NULL) {
1273     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
1274     JVMFlag::MsgType msg_type = found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
1275     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
1276       if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
1277         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1278           "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1279       } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
1280         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1281           "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1282       } else {
1283         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1284           "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1285       }
1286     } else {
1287 #ifdef PRODUCT
1288       bool mismatched = ((msg_type == JVMFlag::NOTPRODUCT_FLAG_BUT_PRODUCT_BUILD) ||
1289                          (msg_type == JVMFlag::DEVELOPER_FLAG_BUT_PRODUCT_BUILD));
1290       if (ignore_unrecognized && mismatched) {
1291         return true;
1292       }
1293 #endif
1294       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
1295     }
1296   } else {
1297     if (ignore_unrecognized) {
1298       return true;
1299     }
1300     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1301                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
1302     JVMFlag* fuzzy_matched = JVMFlag::fuzzy_match((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
1303     if (fuzzy_matched != NULL) {
1304       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1305                   "Did you mean '%s%s%s'? ",
1306                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "(+/-)" : "",
1307                   fuzzy_matched->_name,
1308                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "" : "=<value>");
1309     }
1310   }
1311 
1312   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
1313   return arg[0] == '#';
1314 }
1315 
1316 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
1317   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
1318   if (stream == NULL) {
1319     if (should_exist) {
1320       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1321                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
1322       return false;
1323     } else {
1324       return true;
1325     }
1326   }
1327 
1328   char token[1024];
1329   int  pos = 0;
1330 
1331   bool in_white_space = true;
1332   bool in_comment     = false;
1333   bool in_quote       = false;
1334   char quote_c        = 0;
1335   bool result         = true;
1336 
1337   int c = getc(stream);
1338   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
1339     if (in_white_space) {
1340       if (in_comment) {
1341         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
1342       } else {
1343         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
1344         else if (!isspace(c)) {
1345           in_white_space = false;
1346           token[pos++] = c;
1347         }
1348       }
1349     } else {
1350       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
1351         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
1352         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
1353         token[pos] = '\0';
1354         logOption(token);
1355         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, JVMFlag::CONFIG_FILE);
1356         build_jvm_flags(token);
1357         pos = 0;
1358         in_white_space = true;
1359         in_quote = false;
1360       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
1361         in_quote = true;
1362         quote_c = c;
1363       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
1364         in_quote = false;
1365       } else {
1366         token[pos++] = c;
1367       }
1368     }
1369     c = getc(stream);
1370   }
1371   if (pos > 0) {
1372     token[pos] = '\0';
1373     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, JVMFlag::CONFIG_FILE);
1374     build_jvm_flags(token);
1375   }
1376   fclose(stream);
1377   return result;
1378 }
1379 
1380 //=============================================================================================================
1381 // Parsing of properties (-D)
1382 
1383 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
1384   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
1385 }
1386 
1387 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop, PropertyWriteable writeable, PropertyInternal internal) {
1388   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
1389   const char* key;
1390   const char* value = "";
1391 
1392   if (eq == NULL) {
1393     // property doesn't have a value, thus use passed string
1394     key = prop;
1395   } else {
1396     // property have a value, thus extract it and save to the
1397     // allocated string
1398     size_t key_len = eq - prop;
1399     char* tmp_key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtArguments);
1400 
1401     jio_snprintf(tmp_key, key_len + 1, "%s", prop);
1402     key = tmp_key;
1403 
1404     value = &prop[key_len + 1];
1405   }
1406 
1407   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
1408     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
1409     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
1410   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm") == 0 ||
1411              strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
1412     // sun.java.launcher.is_altjvm and sun.java.launcher.pid property are
1413     // private and are processed in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
1414     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
1415   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
1416     // append is true, writable is true, internal is false
1417     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AppendProperty,
1418                             WriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1419   } else {
1420     if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
1421       char *old_java_command = _java_command;
1422       _java_command = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1423       if (old_java_command != NULL) {
1424         os::free(old_java_command);
1425       }
1426     } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
1427       const char* old_java_vendor_url_bug = _java_vendor_url_bug;
1428       // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
1429       // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
1430       _java_vendor_url_bug = os::strdup_check_oom(value, mtArguments);
1431       if (old_java_vendor_url_bug != DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG) {
1432         assert(old_java_vendor_url_bug != NULL, "_java_vendor_url_bug is NULL");
1433         os::free((void *)old_java_vendor_url_bug);
1434       }
1435     }
1436 
1437     // Create new property and add at the end of the list
1438     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, AddProperty, writeable, internal);
1439   }
1440 
1441   if (key != prop) {
1442     // SystemProperty copy passed value, thus free previously allocated
1443     // memory
1444     FreeHeap((void *)key);
1445   }
1446 
1447   return true;
1448 }
1449 
1450 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1451 const char* unsupported_properties[] = { "jdk.module.limitmods",
1452                                          "jdk.module.upgrade.path",
1453                                          "jdk.module.patch.0" };
1454 const char* unsupported_options[] = { "--limit-modules",
1455                                       "--upgrade-module-path",
1456                                       "--patch-module"
1457                                     };
1458 void Arguments::check_unsupported_dumping_properties() {
1459   assert(DumpSharedSpaces, "this function is only used with -Xshare:dump");
1460   assert(ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_properties) == ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_options), "must be");
1461   // If a vm option is found in the unsupported_options array, vm will exit with an error message.
1462   SystemProperty* sp = system_properties();
1463   while (sp != NULL) {
1464     for (uint i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_properties); i++) {
1465       if (strcmp(sp->key(), unsupported_properties[i]) == 0) {
1466         vm_exit_during_initialization(
1467           "Cannot use the following option when dumping the shared archive", unsupported_options[i]);
1468       }
1469     }
1470     sp = sp->next();
1471   }
1472 
1473   // Check for an exploded module build in use with -Xshare:dump.
1474   if (!has_jimage()) {
1475     vm_exit_during_initialization("Dumping the shared archive is not supported with an exploded module build");
1476   }
1477 }
1478 
1479 bool Arguments::check_unsupported_cds_runtime_properties() {
1480   assert(UseSharedSpaces, "this function is only used with -Xshare:{on,auto}");
1481   assert(ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_properties) == ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_options), "must be");
1482   for (uint i = 0; i < ARRAY_SIZE(unsupported_properties); i++) {
1483     if (get_property(unsupported_properties[i]) != NULL) {
1484       if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1485         warning("CDS is disabled when the %s option is specified.", unsupported_options[i]);
1486       }
1487       return true;
1488     }
1489   }
1490   return false;
1491 }
1492 #endif
1493 
1494 //===========================================================================================================
1495 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1496 
1497 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1498   // Set up default values for all flags.
1499   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1500   // add a default value for it here.
1501   set_java_compiler(false);
1502   _mode                      = mode;
1503 
1504   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1505   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1506   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1507                           VM_Version::vm_info_string(), AddProperty, UnwriteableProperty, ExternalProperty);
1508 
1509   UseInterpreter             = true;
1510   UseCompiler                = true;
1511   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1512 
1513   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1514   // use the saved values
1515   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1516   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1517   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1518   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1519   if (TieredCompilation) {
1520     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog)) {
1521       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
1522     }
1523     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(Tier4InvocationThreshold)) {
1524       Tier4InvocationThreshold = Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold;
1525     }
1526   }
1527 
1528   // Change from defaults based on mode
1529   switch (mode) {
1530   default:
1531     ShouldNotReachHere();
1532     break;
1533   case _int:
1534     UseCompiler              = false;
1535     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1536     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1537     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1538     break;
1539   case _mixed:
1540     // same as default
1541     break;
1542   case _comp:
1543     UseInterpreter           = false;
1544     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1545     ClipInlining             = false;
1546     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1547     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1548     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1549     if (TieredCompilation) {
1550       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1551       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1552     }
1553     break;
1554   }
1555 }
1556 
1557 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1558 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1559 static void no_shared_spaces(const char* message) {
1560   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1561     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1562       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1563     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", message);
1564   } else {
1565     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1566   }
1567 }
1568 
1569 // Returns threshold scaled with the value of scale.
1570 // If scale < 0.0, threshold is returned without scaling.
1571 intx Arguments::scaled_compile_threshold(intx threshold, double scale) {
1572   if (scale == 1.0 || scale < 0.0) {
1573     return threshold;
1574   } else {
1575     return (intx)(threshold * scale);
1576   }
1577 }
1578 
1579 // Returns freq_log scaled with the value of scale.
1580 // Returned values are in the range of [0, InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits + 1].
1581 // If scale < 0.0, freq_log is returned without scaling.
1582 intx Arguments::scaled_freq_log(intx freq_log, double scale) {
1583   // Check if scaling is necessary or if negative value was specified.
1584   if (scale == 1.0 || scale < 0.0) {
1585     return freq_log;
1586   }
1587   // Check values to avoid calculating log2 of 0.
1588   if (scale == 0.0 || freq_log == 0) {
1589     return 0;
1590   }
1591   // Determine the maximum notification frequency value currently supported.
1592   // The largest mask value that the interpreter/C1 can handle is
1593   // of length InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits. Mask values are always
1594   // one bit shorter then the value of the notification frequency. Set
1595   // max_freq_bits accordingly.
1596   intx max_freq_bits = InvocationCounter::number_of_count_bits + 1;
1597   intx scaled_freq = scaled_compile_threshold((intx)1 << freq_log, scale);
1598   if (scaled_freq == 0) {
1599     // Return 0 right away to avoid calculating log2 of 0.
1600     return 0;
1601   } else if (scaled_freq > nth_bit(max_freq_bits)) {
1602     return max_freq_bits;
1603   } else {
1604     return log2_intptr(scaled_freq);
1605   }
1606 }
1607 
1608 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1609   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1610   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1611     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1612   }
1613   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1614     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1615       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1616   }
1617   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1618   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1619     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize,
1620                   MIN2(CODE_CACHE_DEFAULT_LIMIT, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 5));
1621   }
1622   // Enable SegmentedCodeCache if TieredCompilation is enabled and ReservedCodeCacheSize >= 240M
1623   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SegmentedCodeCache) && ReservedCodeCacheSize >= 240*M) {
1624     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, SegmentedCodeCache, true);
1625   }
1626   if (!UseInterpreter) { // -Xcomp
1627     Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1628     Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1629   }
1630 
1631   if (CompileThresholdScaling < 0) {
1632     vm_exit_during_initialization("Negative value specified for CompileThresholdScaling", NULL);
1633   }
1634 
1635   // Scale tiered compilation thresholds.
1636   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is equivalent to -Xint and leaves compilation thresholds unchanged.
1637   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompileThresholdScaling) && CompileThresholdScaling > 0.0) {
1638     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier0InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier0InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1639     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier0BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier0BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1640 
1641     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3InvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3InvocationThreshold));
1642     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3MinInvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3MinInvocationThreshold));
1643     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3CompileThreshold));
1644     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3BackEdgeThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier3BackEdgeThreshold));
1645 
1646     // Tier2{Invocation,MinInvocation,Compile,Backedge}Threshold should be scaled here
1647     // once these thresholds become supported.
1648 
1649     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier2InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier2InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1650     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier2BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier2BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1651 
1652     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog));
1653     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier3BackedgeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier3BackedgeNotifyFreqLog));
1654 
1655     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier23InlineeNotifyFreqLog, scaled_freq_log(Tier23InlineeNotifyFreqLog));
1656 
1657     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4InvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4InvocationThreshold));
1658     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4MinInvocationThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4MinInvocationThreshold));
1659     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4CompileThreshold));
1660     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, Tier4BackEdgeThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(Tier4BackEdgeThreshold));
1661   }
1662 }
1663 
1664 void set_object_alignment() {
1665   // Object alignment.
1666   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1667   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1668   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1669   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1670   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1671   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1672 
1673   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1674   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1675 
1676   // Oop encoding heap max
1677   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1678 
1679   if (SurvivorAlignmentInBytes == 0) {
1680     SurvivorAlignmentInBytes = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1681   }
1682 }
1683 
1684 size_t Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1685   // Avoid sign flip.
1686   assert(OopEncodingHeapMax > (uint64_t)os::vm_page_size(), "Unusual page size");
1687   // We need to fit both the NULL page and the heap into the memory budget, while
1688   // keeping alignment constraints of the heap. To guarantee the latter, as the
1689   // NULL page is located before the heap, we pad the NULL page to the conservative
1690   // maximum alignment that the GC may ever impose upon the heap.
1691   size_t displacement_due_to_null_page = align_up((size_t)os::vm_page_size(),
1692                                                   _conservative_max_heap_alignment);
1693 
1694   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - displacement_due_to_null_page);
1695   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1696 }
1697 
1698 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1699 #ifndef ZERO
1700 #ifdef _LP64
1701   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1702   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1703   // to use UseCompressedOops is InitialHeapSize.
1704   size_t max_heap_size = MAX2(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize);
1705 
1706   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1707 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1708     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1709       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1710     }
1711 #endif
1712   } else {
1713     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1714       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1715       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1716       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1717     }
1718   }
1719 #endif // _LP64
1720 #endif // ZERO
1721 }
1722 
1723 
1724 // NOTE: set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1725 // set_use_compressed_oops().
1726 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() {
1727 #ifndef ZERO
1728 #ifdef _LP64
1729   // UseCompressedOops must be on for UseCompressedClassPointers to be on.
1730   if (!UseCompressedOops) {
1731     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1732       warning("UseCompressedClassPointers requires UseCompressedOops");
1733     }
1734     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1735   } else {
1736     // Turn on UseCompressedClassPointers too
1737     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers)) {
1738       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedClassPointers, true);
1739     }
1740     // Check the CompressedClassSpaceSize to make sure we use compressed klass ptrs.
1741     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1742       if (CompressedClassSpaceSize > KlassEncodingMetaspaceMax) {
1743         warning("CompressedClassSpaceSize is too large for UseCompressedClassPointers");
1744         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1745       }
1746     }
1747   }
1748 #endif // _LP64
1749 #endif // !ZERO
1750 }
1751 
1752 void Arguments::set_conservative_max_heap_alignment() {
1753   // The conservative maximum required alignment for the heap is the maximum of
1754   // the alignments imposed by several sources: any requirements from the heap
1755   // itself, the collector policy and the maximum page size we may run the VM
1756   // with.
1757   size_t heap_alignment = GCConfig::arguments()->conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1758   _conservative_max_heap_alignment = MAX4(heap_alignment,
1759                                           (size_t)os::vm_allocation_granularity(),
1760                                           os::max_page_size(),
1761                                           CollectorPolicy::compute_heap_alignment());
1762 }
1763 
1764 #ifdef TIERED
1765 bool Arguments::compilation_mode_selected() {
1766  return !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TieredCompilation) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TieredStopAtLevel) ||
1767         !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseAOT) JVMCI_ONLY(|| !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableJVMCI) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseJVMCICompiler));
1768 
1769 }
1770 
1771 void Arguments::select_compilation_mode_ergonomically() {
1772 #if defined(_WINDOWS) && !defined(_LP64)
1773   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NeverActAsServerClassMachine)) {
1774     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, NeverActAsServerClassMachine, true);
1775   }
1776 #endif
1777   if (NeverActAsServerClassMachine) {
1778     set_client_compilation_mode();
1779   }
1780 }
1781 #endif //TIERED
1782 
1783 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
1784 void Arguments::set_jvmci_specific_flags() {
1785   if (UseJVMCICompiler) {
1786     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileWidth)) {
1787       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileWidth, 8);
1788     }
1789     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OnStackReplacePercentage)) {
1790       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OnStackReplacePercentage, 933);
1791     }
1792     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1793       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize, 64*M);
1794     }
1795     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialCodeCacheSize)) {
1796       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialCodeCacheSize, 16*M);
1797     }
1798     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MetaspaceSize)) {
1799       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MetaspaceSize, 12*M);
1800     }
1801     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSizeThreadIncrease)) {
1802       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(NewSizeThreadIncrease, 4*K);
1803     }
1804     if (TieredStopAtLevel != CompLevel_full_optimization) {
1805       // Currently JVMCI compiler can only work at the full optimization level
1806       warning("forcing TieredStopAtLevel to full optimization because JVMCI is enabled");
1807       TieredStopAtLevel = CompLevel_full_optimization;
1808     }
1809     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel)) {
1810       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel, 0);
1811     }
1812   }
1813 }
1814 #endif
1815 
1816 jint Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1817 #ifdef TIERED
1818   if (!compilation_mode_selected()) {
1819     select_compilation_mode_ergonomically();
1820   }
1821 #endif
1822 
1823   GCConfig::initialize();
1824 
1825 #if defined(IA32)
1826   // Only server compiler can optimize safepoints well enough.
1827   if (!is_server_compilation_mode_vm()) {
1828     FLAG_SET_ERGO_IF_DEFAULT(bool, ThreadLocalHandshakes, false);
1829   }
1830 #endif
1831 
1832   set_conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1833 
1834 #ifndef ZERO
1835 #ifdef _LP64
1836   set_use_compressed_oops();
1837 
1838   // set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1839   // set_use_compressed_oops().
1840   set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs();
1841 
1842   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1843   // in vm_version initialization code.
1844 #endif // _LP64
1845 #endif // !ZERO
1846 
1847   return JNI_OK;
1848 }
1849 
1850 julong Arguments::limit_by_allocatable_memory(julong limit) {
1851   julong max_allocatable;
1852   julong result = limit;
1853   if (os::has_allocatable_memory_limit(&max_allocatable)) {
1854     result = MIN2(result, max_allocatable / MaxVirtMemFraction);
1855   }
1856   return result;
1857 }
1858 
1859 // Use static initialization to get the default before parsing
1860 static const size_t DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress = HeapBaseMinAddress;
1861 
1862 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1863   julong phys_mem =
1864     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1865                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
1866 
1867   // Convert deprecated flags
1868   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAMPercentage) &&
1869       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAMFraction))
1870     MaxRAMPercentage = 100.0 / MaxRAMFraction;
1871 
1872   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinRAMPercentage) &&
1873       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinRAMFraction))
1874     MinRAMPercentage = 100.0 / MinRAMFraction;
1875 
1876   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialRAMPercentage) &&
1877       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialRAMFraction))
1878     InitialRAMPercentage = 100.0 / InitialRAMFraction;
1879 
1880   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1881   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1882   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1883   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1884     julong reasonable_max = (julong)((phys_mem * MaxRAMPercentage) / 100);
1885     const julong reasonable_min = (julong)((phys_mem * MinRAMPercentage) / 100);
1886     if (reasonable_min < MaxHeapSize) {
1887       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1888       reasonable_max = reasonable_min;
1889     } else {
1890       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1891       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1892       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1893     }
1894 
1895     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1896       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1897       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1898     }
1899     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1900       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1901       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1902 
1903       // HeapBaseMinAddress can be greater than default but not less than.
1904       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress)) {
1905         if (HeapBaseMinAddress < DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress) {
1906           // matches compressed oops printing flags
1907           log_debug(gc, heap, coops)("HeapBaseMinAddress must be at least " SIZE_FORMAT
1908                                      " (" SIZE_FORMAT "G) which is greater than value given " SIZE_FORMAT,
1909                                      DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress,
1910                                      DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress/G,
1911                                      HeapBaseMinAddress);
1912           FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, HeapBaseMinAddress, DefaultHeapBaseMinAddress);
1913         }
1914       }
1915 
1916       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1917         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1918         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1919         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1920       }
1921       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1922     }
1923     reasonable_max = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_max);
1924 
1925     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1926       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1927       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1928       // after call to limit_by_allocatable_memory because that
1929       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1930       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1931     }
1932 
1933     log_trace(gc, heap)("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t) reasonable_max);
1934     FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, MaxHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_max);
1935   }
1936 
1937   // If the minimum or initial heap_size have not been set or requested to be set
1938   // ergonomically, set them accordingly.
1939   if (InitialHeapSize == 0 || min_heap_size() == 0) {
1940     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1941 
1942     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1943 
1944     reasonable_minimum = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1945 
1946     if (InitialHeapSize == 0) {
1947       julong reasonable_initial = (julong)((phys_mem * InitialRAMPercentage) / 100);
1948 
1949       reasonable_initial = MAX3(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum, (julong)min_heap_size());
1950       reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1951 
1952       reasonable_initial = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_initial);
1953 
1954       log_trace(gc, heap)("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (size_t)reasonable_initial);
1955       FLAG_SET_ERGO(size_t, InitialHeapSize, (size_t)reasonable_initial);
1956     }
1957     // If the minimum heap size has not been set (via -Xms),
1958     // synchronize with InitialHeapSize to avoid errors with the default value.
1959     if (min_heap_size() == 0) {
1960       set_min_heap_size(MIN2((size_t)reasonable_minimum, InitialHeapSize));
1961       log_trace(gc, heap)("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, min_heap_size());
1962     }
1963   }
1964 }
1965 
1966 // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
1967 // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
1968 // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
1969 // amounts of cpu and memory.
1970 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_heap_flags() {
1971   // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
1972   // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
1973   // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
1974   // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
1975   // calculations.
1976   julong initHeapSize;
1977   julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
1978 
1979   if (total_memory < (julong) 256 * M) {
1980     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1981             "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
1982     vm_exit(1);
1983   }
1984 
1985   // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
1986   // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
1987   // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
1988   // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
1989 
1990   initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong) 2,
1991           total_memory - (julong) 160 * M);
1992 
1993   initHeapSize = limit_by_allocatable_memory(initHeapSize);
1994 
1995   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1996     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
1997       return JNI_EINVAL;
1998     }
1999     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2000       return JNI_EINVAL;
2001     }
2002     // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2003     set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2004   }
2005   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2006     // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2007     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSize,
2008             ((julong) MaxHeapSize / (julong) 8) * (julong) 3) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2009       return JNI_EINVAL;
2010     }
2011     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxNewSize, NewSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2012       return JNI_EINVAL;
2013     }
2014   }
2015 
2016 #if !defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) && !defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
2017   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
2018 #endif
2019 
2020   // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
2021   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2022     return JNI_EINVAL;
2023   }
2024   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2025     return JNI_EINVAL;
2026   }
2027   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, TLABSize, 256 * K) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2028     return JNI_EINVAL;
2029   }
2030 
2031   // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
2032   // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
2033   // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
2034   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, YoungPLABSize, 256 * K) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) { // Note: this is in words
2035     return JNI_EINVAL;
2036   }
2037 
2038   // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
2039   // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
2040   // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
2041   // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
2042   // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
2043   // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
2044   // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
2045   // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
2046   // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
2047   // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
2048   // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
2049   // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
2050   // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
2051   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, OldPLABSize, 8 * K) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) { // Note: this is in words
2052     return JNI_EINVAL;
2053   }
2054 
2055   // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
2056   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2057     return JNI_EINVAL;
2058   }
2059 
2060   // Encourage steady state memory management
2061   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2062     return JNI_EINVAL;
2063   }
2064 
2065   // This appears to improve mutator locality
2066   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2067     return JNI_EINVAL;
2068   }
2069 
2070   // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
2071   // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
2072   // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
2073   if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2074     return JNI_EINVAL;
2075   }
2076 
2077   return JNI_OK;
2078 }
2079 
2080 // This must be called after ergonomics.
2081 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
2082   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
2083     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
2084   }
2085 }
2086 
2087 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
2088 jint Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
2089 #ifdef COMPILER2
2090   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
2091     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
2092       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
2093     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
2094       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
2095       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
2096     }
2097     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
2098       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
2099     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
2100       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
2101       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
2102     }
2103   }
2104   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
2105     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
2106       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
2107     }
2108     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
2109       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
2110     }
2111 
2112     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
2113     char buffer[1024];
2114     jio_snprintf(buffer, 1024, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
2115     if (!add_property(buffer)) {
2116       return JNI_ENOMEM;
2117     }
2118   }
2119   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
2120     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
2121   }
2122 #endif
2123 
2124   if (AggressiveOpts) {
2125 // Sample flag setting code
2126 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
2127 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
2128 //    }
2129   }
2130 
2131   return JNI_OK;
2132 }
2133 
2134 //===========================================================================================================
2135 // Parsing of java.compiler property
2136 
2137 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(const char* arg) {
2138   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
2139   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
2140   // is also specified.
2141   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
2142     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
2143   }
2144 }
2145 
2146 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
2147   _sun_java_launcher = os::strdup_check_oom(launcher);
2148 }
2149 
2150 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
2151   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
2152   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
2153 }
2154 
2155 bool Arguments::sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm() {
2156   return _sun_java_launcher_is_altjvm;
2157 }
2158 
2159 //===========================================================================================================
2160 // Parsing of main arguments
2161 
2162 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
2163 // Check consistency of jvmci vm argument settings.
2164 bool Arguments::check_jvmci_args_consistency() {
2165    return JVMCIGlobals::check_jvmci_flags_are_consistent();
2166 }
2167 #endif //INCLUDE_JVMCI
2168 
2169 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
2170 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
2171   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
2172   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
2173   // before returning an error.
2174   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
2175   bool status = true;
2176 
2177   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
2178     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2179                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
2180                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
2181                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
2182     status = false;
2183   }
2184 
2185   if (PrintNMTStatistics) {
2186 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2187     if (MemTracker::tracking_level() == NMT_off) {
2188 #endif // INCLUDE_NMT
2189       warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2190       PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2191 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2192     }
2193 #endif
2194   }
2195 
2196 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
2197   status = status && check_jvmci_args_consistency();
2198 
2199   if (EnableJVMCI) {
2200     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "jdk.internal.vm.ci.enabled", "true",
2201         AddProperty, UnwriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
2202 
2203     if (!ScavengeRootsInCode) {
2204       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because JVMCI is enabled");
2205       ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
2206     }
2207   }
2208 #endif
2209 
2210   // Check lower bounds of the code cache
2211   // Template Interpreter code is approximately 3X larger in debug builds.
2212   uint min_code_cache_size = CodeCacheMinimumUseSpace DEBUG_ONLY(* 3);
2213   if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < InitialCodeCacheSize) {
2214     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2215                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize: %dK. Must be at least InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK.\n",
2216                 ReservedCodeCacheSize/K, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2217     status = false;
2218   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < min_code_cache_size) {
2219     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2220                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/K,
2221                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2222     status = false;
2223   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize > CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT) {
2224     // Code cache size larger than CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT is not supported.
2225     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2226                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dM. Must be at most %uM.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/M,
2227                 CODE_CACHE_SIZE_LIMIT/M);
2228     status = false;
2229   } else if (NonNMethodCodeHeapSize < min_code_cache_size) {
2230     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2231                 "Invalid NonNMethodCodeHeapSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", NonNMethodCodeHeapSize/K,
2232                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2233     status = false;
2234   }
2235 
2236 #ifdef _LP64
2237   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCount) && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CICompilerCountPerCPU) && CICompilerCountPerCPU) {
2238     warning("The VM option CICompilerCountPerCPU overrides CICompilerCount.");
2239   }
2240 #endif
2241 
2242 #ifndef SUPPORT_RESERVED_STACK_AREA
2243   if (StackReservedPages != 0) {
2244     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, StackReservedPages, 0);
2245     warning("Reserved Stack Area not supported on this platform");
2246   }
2247 #endif
2248 
2249   if (BackgroundCompilation && (CompileTheWorld || ReplayCompiles)) {
2250     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BackgroundCompilation)) {
2251       warning("BackgroundCompilation disabled due to CompileTheWorld or ReplayCompiles options.");
2252     }
2253     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2254   }
2255   if (UseCompiler && is_interpreter_only()) {
2256     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompiler)) {
2257       warning("UseCompiler disabled due to -Xint.");
2258     }
2259     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseCompiler, false);
2260   }
2261 #ifdef COMPILER2
2262   if (PostLoopMultiversioning && !RangeCheckElimination) {
2263     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PostLoopMultiversioning)) {
2264       warning("PostLoopMultiversioning disabled because RangeCheckElimination is disabled.");
2265     }
2266     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PostLoopMultiversioning, false);
2267   }
2268   if (UseCountedLoopSafepoints && LoopStripMiningIter == 0) {
2269     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCountedLoopSafepoints) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LoopStripMiningIter)) {
2270       warning("When counted loop safepoints are enabled, LoopStripMiningIter must be at least 1 (a safepoint every 1 iteration): setting it to 1");
2271     }
2272     LoopStripMiningIter = 1;
2273   } else if (!UseCountedLoopSafepoints && LoopStripMiningIter > 0) {
2274     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCountedLoopSafepoints) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LoopStripMiningIter)) {
2275       warning("Disabling counted safepoints implies no loop strip mining: setting LoopStripMiningIter to 0");
2276     }
2277     LoopStripMiningIter = 0;
2278   }
2279 #endif
2280   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AllocateHeapAt)) {
2281     if ((UseNUMAInterleaving && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMAInterleaving)) || (UseNUMA && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMA))) {
2282       log_warning(arguments) ("NUMA support for Heap depends on the file system when AllocateHeapAt option is used.\n");
2283     }
2284   }
2285   return status;
2286 }
2287 
2288 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2289   const char* option_type) {
2290   if (ignore) return false;
2291 
2292   const char* spacer = " ";
2293   if (option_type == NULL) {
2294     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2295   }
2296 
2297   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2298     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2299                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2300       option->optionString);
2301     return false;
2302   } else {
2303     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2304                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2305       option->optionString);
2306     return true;
2307   }
2308 }
2309 
2310 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2311   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2312 };
2313 
2314 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2315   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2316 };
2317 
2318 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2319                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2320                             uintx min_size) {
2321 
2322   // Check the sign first since atojulong() parses only unsigned values.
2323   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2324 
2325   if (value_is_positive) {
2326     julong n;
2327     bool good_return = atojulong(value, &n);
2328     if (good_return) {
2329       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2330       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2331 
2332       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2333         *uintx_arg = n;
2334         return true;
2335       }
2336     }
2337   }
2338   return false;
2339 }
2340 
2341 unsigned int addreads_count = 0;
2342 unsigned int addexports_count = 0;
2343 unsigned int addopens_count = 0;
2344 unsigned int addmods_count = 0;
2345 unsigned int patch_mod_count = 0;
2346 
2347 bool Arguments::create_property(const char* prop_name, const char* prop_value, PropertyInternal internal) {
2348   size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_name) + strlen(prop_value) + 2;
2349   char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
2350   int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s=%s", prop_name, prop_value);
2351   if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
2352     FreeHeap(property);
2353     return false;
2354   }
2355   bool added = add_property(property, UnwriteableProperty, internal);
2356   FreeHeap(property);
2357   return added;
2358 }
2359 
2360 bool Arguments::create_numbered_property(const char* prop_base_name, const char* prop_value, unsigned int count) {
2361   const unsigned int props_count_limit = 1000;
2362   const int max_digits = 3;
2363   const int extra_symbols_count = 3; // includes '.', '=', '\0'
2364 
2365   // Make sure count is < props_count_limit. Otherwise, memory allocation will be too small.
2366   if (count < props_count_limit) {
2367     size_t prop_len = strlen(prop_base_name) + strlen(prop_value) + max_digits + extra_symbols_count;
2368     char* property = AllocateHeap(prop_len, mtArguments);
2369     int ret = jio_snprintf(property, prop_len, "%s.%d=%s", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
2370     if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)prop_len) {
2371       FreeHeap(property);
2372       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Failed to create property %s.%d=%s\n", prop_base_name, count, prop_value);
2373       return false;
2374     }
2375     bool added = add_property(property, UnwriteableProperty, InternalProperty);
2376     FreeHeap(property);
2377     return added;
2378   }
2379 
2380   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "Property count limit exceeded: %s, limit=%d\n", prop_base_name, props_count_limit);
2381   return false;
2382 }
2383 
2384 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2385                                                   julong* long_arg,
2386                                                   julong min_size,
2387                                                   julong max_size) {
2388   if (!atojulong(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2389   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size, max_size);
2390 }
2391 
2392 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2393 
2394 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs *java_tool_options_args,
2395                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *java_options_args,
2396                                    const JavaVMInitArgs *cmd_line_args) {
2397   bool patch_mod_javabase = false;
2398 
2399   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2400   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2401   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2402   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2403   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2404   if (TieredCompilation) {
2405     Arguments::_Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog;
2406     Arguments::_Tier4InvocationThreshold = Tier4InvocationThreshold;
2407   }
2408 
2409   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2410   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2411 
2412   // Parse args structure generated from JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment
2413   // variable (if present).
2414   jint result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(java_tool_options_args, &patch_mod_javabase, JVMFlag::ENVIRON_VAR);
2415   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2416     return result;
2417   }
2418 
2419   // Parse args structure generated from the command line flags.
2420   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(cmd_line_args, &patch_mod_javabase, JVMFlag::COMMAND_LINE);
2421   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2422     return result;
2423   }
2424 
2425   // Parse args structure generated from the _JAVA_OPTIONS environment
2426   // variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2427   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(java_options_args, &patch_mod_javabase, JVMFlag::ENVIRON_VAR);
2428   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2429     return result;
2430   }
2431 
2432   // We need to ensure processor and memory resources have been properly
2433   // configured - which may rely on arguments we just processed - before
2434   // doing the final argument processing. Any argument processing that
2435   // needs to know about processor and memory resources must occur after
2436   // this point.
2437 
2438   os::init_container_support();
2439 
2440   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2441   result = finalize_vm_init_args(patch_mod_javabase);
2442   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2443     return result;
2444   }
2445 
2446   return JNI_OK;
2447 }
2448 
2449 // Checks if name in command-line argument -agent{lib,path}:name[=options]
2450 // represents a valid JDWP agent.  is_path==true denotes that we
2451 // are dealing with -agentpath (case where name is a path), otherwise with
2452 // -agentlib
2453 bool valid_jdwp_agent(char *name, bool is_path) {
2454   char *_name;
2455   const char *_jdwp = "jdwp";
2456   size_t _len_jdwp, _len_prefix;
2457 
2458   if (is_path) {
2459     if ((_name = strrchr(name, (int) *os::file_separator())) == NULL) {
2460       return false;
2461     }
2462 
2463     _name++;  // skip past last path separator
2464     _len_prefix = strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX);
2465 
2466     if (strncmp(_name, JNI_LIB_PREFIX, _len_prefix) != 0) {
2467       return false;
2468     }
2469 
2470     _name += _len_prefix;
2471     _len_jdwp = strlen(_jdwp);
2472 
2473     if (strncmp(_name, _jdwp, _len_jdwp) == 0) {
2474       _name += _len_jdwp;
2475     }
2476     else {
2477       return false;
2478     }
2479 
2480     if (strcmp(_name, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) != 0) {
2481       return false;
2482     }
2483 
2484     return true;
2485   }
2486 
2487   if (strcmp(name, _jdwp) == 0) {
2488     return true;
2489   }
2490 
2491   return false;
2492 }
2493 
2494 int Arguments::process_patch_mod_option(const char* patch_mod_tail, bool* patch_mod_javabase) {
2495   // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
2496   assert(patch_mod_tail != NULL, "Unexpected NULL patch-module value");
2497   // Find the equal sign between the module name and the path specification
2498   const char* module_equal = strchr(patch_mod_tail, '=');
2499   if (module_equal == NULL) {
2500     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "Missing '=' in --patch-module specification\n");
2501     return JNI_ERR;
2502   } else {
2503     // Pick out the module name
2504     size_t module_len = module_equal - patch_mod_tail;
2505     char* module_name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, module_len+1, mtArguments);
2506     if (module_name != NULL) {
2507       memcpy(module_name, patch_mod_tail, module_len);
2508       *(module_name + module_len) = '\0';
2509       // The path piece begins one past the module_equal sign
2510       add_patch_mod_prefix(module_name, module_equal + 1, patch_mod_javabase);
2511       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, module_name);
2512       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.patch", patch_mod_tail, patch_mod_count++)) {
2513         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2514       }
2515     } else {
2516       return JNI_ENOMEM;
2517     }
2518   }
2519   return JNI_OK;
2520 }
2521 
2522 // Parse -Xss memory string parameter and convert to ThreadStackSize in K.
2523 jint Arguments::parse_xss(const JavaVMOption* option, const char* tail, intx* out_ThreadStackSize) {
2524   // The min and max sizes match the values in globals.hpp, but scaled
2525   // with K. The values have been chosen so that alignment with page
2526   // size doesn't change the max value, which makes the conversions
2527   // back and forth between Xss value and ThreadStackSize value easier.
2528   // The values have also been chosen to fit inside a 32-bit signed type.
2529   const julong min_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2530   const julong max_ThreadStackSize = 1 * M;
2531 
2532   const julong min_size = min_ThreadStackSize * K;
2533   const julong max_size = max_ThreadStackSize * K;
2534 
2535   assert(is_aligned(max_size, os::vm_page_size()), "Implementation assumption");
2536 
2537   julong size = 0;
2538   ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &size, min_size, max_size);
2539   if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2540     bool silent = (option == NULL); // Allow testing to silence error messages
2541     if (!silent) {
2542       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2543                   "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2544       describe_range_error(errcode);
2545     }
2546     return JNI_EINVAL;
2547   }
2548 
2549   // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2550   const julong size_aligned = align_up(size, K);
2551   assert(size <= size_aligned,
2552          "Overflow: " JULONG_FORMAT " " JULONG_FORMAT,
2553          size, size_aligned);
2554 
2555   const julong size_in_K = size_aligned / K;
2556   assert(size_in_K < (julong)max_intx,
2557          "size_in_K doesn't fit in the type of ThreadStackSize: " JULONG_FORMAT,
2558          size_in_K);
2559 
2560   // Check that code expanding ThreadStackSize to a page aligned number of bytes won't overflow.
2561   const julong max_expanded = align_up(size_in_K * K, os::vm_page_size());
2562   assert(max_expanded < max_uintx && max_expanded >= size_in_K,
2563          "Expansion overflowed: " JULONG_FORMAT " " JULONG_FORMAT,
2564          max_expanded, size_in_K);
2565 
2566   *out_ThreadStackSize = (intx)size_in_K;
2567 
2568   return JNI_OK;
2569 }
2570 
2571 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args, bool* patch_mod_javabase, JVMFlag::Flags origin) {
2572   // For match_option to return remaining or value part of option string
2573   const char* tail;
2574 
2575   // iterate over arguments
2576   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2577     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2578 
2579     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2580 
2581     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2582         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2583         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2584 
2585         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2586         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2587         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2588         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2589         // string constant object.
2590         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2591     }
2592 
2593     // -verbose:[class/module/gc/jni]
2594     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2595       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2596         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, load));
2597         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, unload));
2598       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":module")) {
2599         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, load));
2600         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(module, unload));
2601       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2602         LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(gc));
2603       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2604         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2605           return JNI_EINVAL;
2606         }
2607       }
2608     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2609     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2610     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2611     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2612       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2613       if (*tail == '\0') {
2614         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2615       } else {
2616         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2617         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2618       }
2619     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2620     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2621       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2622       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2623     // -bootclasspath:
2624     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2625         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2626           "-Xbootclasspath is no longer a supported option.\n");
2627         return JNI_EINVAL;
2628     // -bootclasspath/a:
2629     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2630       Arguments::append_sysclasspath(tail);
2631     // -bootclasspath/p:
2632     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2633         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2634           "-Xbootclasspath/p is no longer a supported option.\n");
2635         return JNI_EINVAL;
2636     // -Xrun
2637     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2638       if (tail != NULL) {
2639         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2640         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2641         char* name = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments);
2642         jio_snprintf(name, len + 1, "%s", tail);
2643 
2644         char *options = NULL;
2645         if(pos != NULL) {
2646           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2647           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtArguments), pos+1, len2);
2648         }
2649 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2650         if (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0) {
2651           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2652             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2653           return JNI_ERR;
2654         }
2655 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2656         add_init_library(name, options);
2657       }
2658     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-reads=", &tail)) {
2659       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addreads", tail, addreads_count++)) {
2660         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2661       }
2662     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-exports=", &tail)) {
2663       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addexports", tail, addexports_count++)) {
2664         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2665       }
2666     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-opens=", &tail)) {
2667       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addopens", tail, addopens_count++)) {
2668         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2669       }
2670     } else if (match_option(option, "--add-modules=", &tail)) {
2671       if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", tail, addmods_count++)) {
2672         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2673       }
2674     } else if (match_option(option, "--limit-modules=", &tail)) {
2675       if (!create_property("jdk.module.limitmods", tail, InternalProperty)) {
2676         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2677       }
2678     } else if (match_option(option, "--module-path=", &tail)) {
2679       if (!create_property("jdk.module.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2680         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2681       }
2682     } else if (match_option(option, "--upgrade-module-path=", &tail)) {
2683       if (!create_property("jdk.module.upgrade.path", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2684         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2685       }
2686     } else if (match_option(option, "--patch-module=", &tail)) {
2687       // --patch-module=<module>=<file>(<pathsep><file>)*
2688       int res = process_patch_mod_option(tail, patch_mod_javabase);
2689       if (res != JNI_OK) {
2690         return res;
2691       }
2692     } else if (match_option(option, "--illegal-access=", &tail)) {
2693       if (!create_property("jdk.module.illegalAccess", tail, ExternalProperty)) {
2694         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2695       }
2696     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2697     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2698           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2699       if(tail != NULL) {
2700         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2701         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2702         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtArguments), tail, len);
2703         name[len] = '\0';
2704 
2705         char *options = NULL;
2706         if(pos != NULL) {
2707           options = os::strdup_check_oom(pos + 1, mtArguments);
2708         }
2709 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2710         if (valid_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2711           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2712             "Debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2713           return JNI_ERR;
2714         }
2715 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2716         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2717       }
2718     // -javaagent
2719     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2720 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2721       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2722         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2723       return JNI_ERR;
2724 #else
2725       if (tail != NULL) {
2726         size_t length = strlen(tail) + 1;
2727         char *options = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length, mtArguments);
2728         jio_snprintf(options, length, "%s", tail);
2729         add_instrument_agent("instrument", options, false);
2730         // java agents need module java.instrument
2731         if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", "java.instrument", addmods_count++)) {
2732           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2733         }
2734       }
2735 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2736     // --enable_preview
2737     } else if (match_option(option, "--enable-preview")) {
2738       set_enable_preview();
2739     // -Xnoclassgc
2740     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc")) {
2741       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2742         return JNI_EINVAL;
2743       }
2744     // -Xconcgc
2745     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc")) {
2746       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2747         return JNI_EINVAL;
2748       }
2749       handle_extra_cms_flags("-Xconcgc uses UseConcMarkSweepGC");
2750     // -Xnoconcgc
2751     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc")) {
2752       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2753         return JNI_EINVAL;
2754       }
2755       handle_extra_cms_flags("-Xnoconcgc uses UseConcMarkSweepGC");
2756     // -Xbatch
2757     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch")) {
2758       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2759         return JNI_EINVAL;
2760       }
2761     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2762     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2763       julong long_initial_young_size = 0;
2764       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_young_size, 1);
2765       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2766         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2767                     "Invalid initial young generation size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2768         describe_range_error(errcode);
2769         return JNI_EINVAL;
2770       }
2771       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxNewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2772         return JNI_EINVAL;
2773       }
2774       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSize, (size_t)long_initial_young_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2775         return JNI_EINVAL;
2776       }
2777     // -Xms
2778     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2779       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2780       // an initial heap size of 0 means automatically determine
2781       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 0);
2782       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2783         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2784                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2785         describe_range_error(errcode);
2786         return JNI_EINVAL;
2787       }
2788       set_min_heap_size((size_t)long_initial_heap_size);
2789       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2790       // Can be overridden with -XX:InitialHeapSize.
2791       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, InitialHeapSize, (size_t)long_initial_heap_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2792         return JNI_EINVAL;
2793       }
2794     // -Xmx
2795     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail) || match_option(option, "-XX:MaxHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2796       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2797       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2798       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2799         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2800                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2801         describe_range_error(errcode);
2802         return JNI_EINVAL;
2803       }
2804       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, MaxHeapSize, (size_t)long_max_heap_size) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2805         return JNI_EINVAL;
2806       }
2807     // Xmaxf
2808     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2809       char* err;
2810       int maxf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2811       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2812         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2813                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2814                     option->optionString);
2815         return JNI_EINVAL;
2816       } else {
2817         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2818             return JNI_EINVAL;
2819         }
2820       }
2821     // Xminf
2822     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2823       char* err;
2824       int minf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2825       if (*err != '\0' || *tail == '\0') {
2826         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2827                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2828                     option->optionString);
2829         return JNI_EINVAL;
2830       } else {
2831         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2832           return JNI_EINVAL;
2833         }
2834       }
2835     // -Xss
2836     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2837       intx value = 0;
2838       jint err = parse_xss(option, tail, &value);
2839       if (err != JNI_OK) {
2840         return err;
2841       }
2842       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize, value) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2843         return JNI_EINVAL;
2844       }
2845     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2846                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2847       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2848 
2849       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize, 1);
2850       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2851         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2852                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2853         return JNI_EINVAL;
2854       }
2855       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2856         return JNI_EINVAL;
2857       }
2858     // -green
2859     } else if (match_option(option, "-green")) {
2860       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2861                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2862           return JNI_EINVAL;
2863     // -native
2864     } else if (match_option(option, "-native")) {
2865           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2866     // -Xrs
2867     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs")) {
2868           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2869       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2870         return JNI_EINVAL;
2871       }
2872       // -Xprof
2873     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof")) {
2874       char version[256];
2875       // Obsolete in JDK 10
2876       JDK_Version::jdk(10).to_string(version, sizeof(version));
2877       warning("Ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", option->optionString, version);
2878     // -Xconcurrentio
2879     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio")) {
2880       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2881         return JNI_EINVAL;
2882       }
2883       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2884         return JNI_EINVAL;
2885       }
2886       SafepointSynchronize::set_defer_thr_suspend_loop_count();
2887       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2888         return JNI_EINVAL;
2889       }
2890       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(size_t, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
2891         return JNI_EINVAL;
2892       }
2893 
2894       // -Xinternalversion
2895     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion")) {
2896       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2897                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2898       vm_exit(0);
2899 #ifndef PRODUCT
2900     // -Xprintflags
2901     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags")) {
2902       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, false);
2903       vm_exit(0);
2904 #endif
2905     // -D
2906     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2907       const char* value;
2908       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=", &value) &&
2909             *value!= '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2910         // abort if -Djava.endorsed.dirs is set
2911         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2912           "-Djava.endorsed.dirs=%s is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
2913           "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n", value);
2914         return JNI_EINVAL;
2915       }
2916       if (match_option(option, "-Djava.ext.dirs=", &value) &&
2917             *value != '\0' && strcmp(value, "\"\"") != 0) {
2918         // abort if -Djava.ext.dirs is set
2919         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2920           "-Djava.ext.dirs=%s is not supported.  Use -classpath instead.\n", value);
2921         return JNI_EINVAL;
2922       }
2923       // Check for module related properties.  They must be set using the modules
2924       // options. For example: use "--add-modules=java.sql", not
2925       // "-Djdk.module.addmods=java.sql"
2926       if (is_internal_module_property(option->optionString + 2)) {
2927         needs_module_property_warning = true;
2928         continue;
2929       }
2930 
2931       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2932         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2933       }
2934       // Out of the box management support
2935       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2936 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2937         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2938           return JNI_EINVAL;
2939         }
2940         // management agent in module jdk.management.agent
2941         if (!create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.management.agent", addmods_count++)) {
2942           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2943         }
2944 #else
2945         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2946           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
2947         return JNI_ERR;
2948 #endif
2949       }
2950     // -Xint
2951     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint")) {
2952           set_mode_flags(_int);
2953     // -Xmixed
2954     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed")) {
2955           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2956     // -Xcomp
2957     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp")) {
2958       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2959           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2960     // -Xshare:dump
2961     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump")) {
2962       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2963         return JNI_EINVAL;
2964       }
2965       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2966     // -Xshare:on
2967     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on")) {
2968       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2969         return JNI_EINVAL;
2970       }
2971       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2972         return JNI_EINVAL;
2973       }
2974     // -Xshare:auto
2975     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto")) {
2976       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2977         return JNI_EINVAL;
2978       }
2979       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2980         return JNI_EINVAL;
2981       }
2982     // -Xshare:off
2983     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off")) {
2984       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2985         return JNI_EINVAL;
2986       }
2987       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2988         return JNI_EINVAL;
2989       }
2990     // -Xverify
2991     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2992       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2993         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2994           return JNI_EINVAL;
2995         }
2996         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
2997           return JNI_EINVAL;
2998         }
2999       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
3000         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3001           return JNI_EINVAL;
3002         }
3003         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3004           return JNI_EINVAL;
3005         }
3006       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
3007         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3008           return JNI_EINVAL;
3009         }
3010         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3011           return JNI_EINVAL;
3012         }
3013       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
3014         return JNI_EINVAL;
3015       }
3016     // -Xdebug
3017     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug")) {
3018       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
3019       set_xdebug_mode(true);
3020     // -Xnoagent
3021     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent")) {
3022       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
3023     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
3024       // Deprecated flag to redirect GC output to a file. -Xloggc:<filename>
3025       log_warning(gc)("-Xloggc is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc:%s instead.", tail);
3026       _gc_log_filename = os::strdup_check_oom(tail);
3027     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xlog", &tail)) {
3028       bool ret = false;
3029       if (strcmp(tail, ":help") == 0) {
3030         fileStream stream(defaultStream::output_stream());
3031         LogConfiguration::print_command_line_help(&stream);
3032         vm_exit(0);
3033       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":disable") == 0) {
3034         LogConfiguration::disable_logging();
3035         ret = true;
3036       } else if (*tail == '\0') {
3037         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments();
3038         assert(ret, "-Xlog without arguments should never fail to parse");
3039       } else if (*tail == ':') {
3040         ret = LogConfiguration::parse_command_line_arguments(tail + 1);
3041       }
3042       if (ret == false) {
3043         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3044                     "Invalid -Xlog option '-Xlog%s', see error log for details.\n",
3045                     tail);
3046         return JNI_EINVAL;
3047       }
3048     // JNI hooks
3049     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
3050       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
3051 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
3052         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
3053 #else
3054         CheckJNICalls = true;
3055 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
3056       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
3057                                      "check")) {
3058         return JNI_EINVAL;
3059       }
3060     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf")) {
3061       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
3062     } else if (match_option(option, "exit")) {
3063       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
3064     } else if (match_option(option, "abort")) {
3065       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
3066     // Need to keep consistency of MaxTenuringThreshold and AlwaysTenure/NeverTenure;
3067     // and the last option wins.
3068     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure")) {
3069       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3070         return JNI_EINVAL;
3071       }
3072       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3073         return JNI_EINVAL;
3074       }
3075       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, markOopDesc::max_age + 1) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3076         return JNI_EINVAL;
3077       }
3078     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure")) {
3079       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3080         return JNI_EINVAL;
3081       }
3082       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3083         return JNI_EINVAL;
3084       }
3085       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3086         return JNI_EINVAL;
3087       }
3088     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTenuringThreshold=", &tail)) {
3089       uintx max_tenuring_thresh = 0;
3090       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &max_tenuring_thresh, 0)) {
3091         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3092                     "Improperly specified VM option \'MaxTenuringThreshold=%s\'\n", tail);
3093         return JNI_EINVAL;
3094       }
3095 
3096       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, max_tenuring_thresh) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3097         return JNI_EINVAL;
3098       }
3099 
3100       if (MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
3101         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3102           return JNI_EINVAL;
3103         }
3104         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3105           return JNI_EINVAL;
3106         }
3107       } else {
3108         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3109           return JNI_EINVAL;
3110         }
3111         if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3112           return JNI_EINVAL;
3113         }
3114       }
3115     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr")) {
3116       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3117         return JNI_EINVAL;
3118       }
3119       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3120         return JNI_EINVAL;
3121       }
3122     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout")) {
3123       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3124         return JNI_EINVAL;
3125       }
3126       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3127         return JNI_EINVAL;
3128       }
3129     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes")) {
3130 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3131       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3132         return JNI_EINVAL;
3133       }
3134       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3135         return JNI_EINVAL;
3136       }
3137       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3138         return JNI_EINVAL;
3139       }
3140       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3141         return JNI_EINVAL;
3142       }
3143 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3144       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3145                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
3146       return JNI_EINVAL;
3147 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3148 #ifdef ASSERT
3149     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot")) {
3150       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3151         return JNI_EINVAL;
3152       }
3153       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
3154       if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3155         return JNI_EINVAL;
3156       }
3157 #endif
3158 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3159     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer")) {
3160         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3161           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
3162         return JNI_ERR;
3163 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3164     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
3165       // Skip -XX:Flags= and -XX:VMOptionsFile= since those cases have
3166       // already been handled
3167       if ((strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) &&
3168           (strncmp(tail, "VMOptionsFile=", strlen("VMOptionsFile=")) != 0)) {
3169         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
3170           return JNI_EINVAL;
3171         }
3172       }
3173     // Unknown option
3174     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3175       return JNI_ERR;
3176     }
3177   }
3178 
3179   // PrintSharedArchiveAndExit will turn on
3180   //   -Xshare:on
3181   //   -Xlog:class+path=info
3182   if (PrintSharedArchiveAndExit) {
3183     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3184       return JNI_EINVAL;
3185     }
3186     if (FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true) != JVMFlag::SUCCESS) {
3187       return JNI_EINVAL;
3188     }
3189     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, true, LOG_TAGS(class, path));
3190   }
3191 
3192   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
3193   // when working with older JDKs.
3194 #ifdef LINUX
3195  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
3196       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
3197     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
3198   }
3199 #endif // LINUX
3200   fix_appclasspath();
3201   return JNI_OK;
3202 }
3203 
3204 void Arguments::add_patch_mod_prefix(const char* module_name, const char* path, bool* patch_mod_javabase) {
3205   // For java.base check for duplicate --patch-module options being specified on the command line.
3206   // This check is only required for java.base, all other duplicate module specifications
3207   // will be checked during module system initialization.  The module system initialization
3208   // will throw an ExceptionInInitializerError if this situation occurs.
3209   if (strcmp(module_name, JAVA_BASE_NAME) == 0) {
3210     if (*patch_mod_javabase) {
3211       vm_exit_during_initialization("Cannot specify " JAVA_BASE_NAME " more than once to --patch-module");
3212     } else {
3213       *patch_mod_javabase = true;
3214     }
3215   }
3216 
3217   // Create GrowableArray lazily, only if --patch-module has been specified
3218   if (_patch_mod_prefix == NULL) {
3219     _patch_mod_prefix = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtArguments) GrowableArray<ModulePatchPath*>(10, true);
3220   }
3221 
3222   _patch_mod_prefix->push(new ModulePatchPath(module_name, path));
3223 }
3224 
3225 // Remove all empty paths from the app classpath (if IgnoreEmptyClassPaths is enabled)
3226 //
3227 // This is necessary because some apps like to specify classpath like -cp foo.jar:${XYZ}:bar.jar
3228 // in their start-up scripts. If XYZ is empty, the classpath will look like "-cp foo.jar::bar.jar".
3229 // Java treats such empty paths as if the user specified "-cp foo.jar:.:bar.jar". I.e., an empty
3230 // path is treated as the current directory.
3231 //
3232 // This causes problems with CDS, which requires that all directories specified in the classpath
3233 // must be empty. In most cases, applications do NOT want to load classes from the current
3234 // directory anyway. Adding -XX:+IgnoreEmptyClassPaths will make these applications' start-up
3235 // scripts compatible with CDS.
3236 void Arguments::fix_appclasspath() {
3237   if (IgnoreEmptyClassPaths) {
3238     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
3239     const char* src = _java_class_path->value();
3240 
3241     // skip over all the leading empty paths
3242     while (*src == separator) {
3243       src ++;
3244     }
3245 
3246     char* copy = os::strdup_check_oom(src, mtArguments);
3247 
3248     // trim all trailing empty paths
3249     for (char* tail = copy + strlen(copy) - 1; tail >= copy && *tail == separator; tail--) {
3250       *tail = '\0';
3251     }
3252 
3253     char from[3] = {separator, separator, '\0'};
3254     char to  [2] = {separator, '\0'};
3255     while (StringUtils::replace_no_expand(copy, from, to) > 0) {
3256       // Keep replacing "::" -> ":" until we have no more "::" (non-windows)
3257       // Keep replacing ";;" -> ";" until we have no more ";;" (windows)
3258     }
3259 
3260     _java_class_path->set_writeable_value(copy);
3261     FreeHeap(copy); // a copy was made by set_value, so don't need this anymore
3262   }
3263 }
3264 
3265 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args(bool patch_mod_javabase) {
3266   // check if the default lib/endorsed directory exists; if so, error
3267   char path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3268   const char* fileSep = os::file_separator();
3269   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sendorsed", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
3270 
3271   DIR* dir = os::opendir(path);
3272   if (dir != NULL) {
3273     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3274       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/endorsed is not supported. Endorsed standards and standalone APIs\n"
3275       "in modular form will be supported via the concept of upgradeable modules.\n");
3276     os::closedir(dir);
3277     return JNI_ERR;
3278   }
3279 
3280   jio_snprintf(path, JVM_MAXPATHLEN, "%s%slib%sext", Arguments::get_java_home(), fileSep, fileSep);
3281   dir = os::opendir(path);
3282   if (dir != NULL) {
3283     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
3284       "<JAVA_HOME>/lib/ext exists, extensions mechanism no longer supported; "
3285       "Use -classpath instead.\n.");
3286     os::closedir(dir);
3287     return JNI_ERR;
3288   }
3289 
3290   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed
3291   // and the container support has been initialized since AggressiveHeap
3292   // relies on the amount of total memory available.
3293   if (AggressiveHeap) {
3294     jint result = set_aggressive_heap_flags();
3295     if (result != JNI_OK) {
3296       return result;
3297     }
3298   }
3299 
3300   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
3301   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
3302   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
3303     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
3304     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
3305     // not specified.
3306     set_mode_flags(_int);
3307   }
3308 
3309   // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is same as -Xint: Disable compilation (enable interpreter-only mode),
3310   // but like -Xint, leave compilation thresholds unaffected.
3311   // With tiered compilation disabled, setting CompileThreshold to 0 disables compilation as well.
3312   if ((CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0) || (!TieredCompilation && CompileThreshold == 0)) {
3313     set_mode_flags(_int);
3314   }
3315 
3316   // eventually fix up InitialTenuringThreshold if only MaxTenuringThreshold is set
3317   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialTenuringThreshold) && (InitialTenuringThreshold > MaxTenuringThreshold)) {
3318     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialTenuringThreshold, MaxTenuringThreshold);
3319   }
3320 
3321 #if !COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
3322   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
3323   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
3324       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
3325     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
3326     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
3327     // Java heap and the code cache.
3328     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
3329   }
3330 
3331 #elif defined(COMPILER2)
3332   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
3333     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
3334   }
3335 #endif
3336 
3337 #if !COMPILER2_OR_JVMCI
3338   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(ProfileInterpreter);
3339   NOT_PRODUCT(UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(TraceProfileInterpreter));
3340 #endif
3341 
3342 #ifndef TIERED
3343   // Tiered compilation is undefined.
3344   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(TieredCompilation);
3345 #endif
3346 
3347 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
3348   if (EnableJVMCI &&
3349       !create_numbered_property("jdk.module.addmods", "jdk.internal.vm.ci", addmods_count++)) {
3350     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3351   }
3352 #endif
3353 
3354   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
3355     return JNI_ERR;
3356   }
3357 
3358 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
3359   if (UseJVMCICompiler) {
3360     Compilation_mode = CompMode_server;
3361   }
3362 #endif
3363 
3364 #if INCLUDE_CDS
3365   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
3366     // Disable biased locking now as it interferes with the clean up of
3367     // the archived Klasses and Java string objects (at dump time only).
3368     UseBiasedLocking = false;
3369 
3370     // Always verify non-system classes during CDS dump
3371     if (!BytecodeVerificationRemote) {
3372       BytecodeVerificationRemote = true;
3373       log_info(cds)("All non-system classes will be verified (-Xverify:remote) during CDS dump time.");
3374     }
3375   }
3376   if (UseSharedSpaces && patch_mod_javabase) {
3377     no_shared_spaces("CDS is disabled when " JAVA_BASE_NAME " module is patched.");
3378   }
3379   if (UseSharedSpaces && !DumpSharedSpaces && check_unsupported_cds_runtime_properties()) {
3380     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
3381   }
3382 #endif
3383 
3384 #ifndef CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
3385   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(ShowRegistersOnAssert);
3386 #endif // CAN_SHOW_REGISTERS_ON_ASSERT
3387 
3388   return JNI_OK;
3389 }
3390 
3391 // Helper class for controlling the lifetime of JavaVMInitArgs
3392 // objects.  The contents of the JavaVMInitArgs are guaranteed to be
3393 // deleted on the destruction of the ScopedVMInitArgs object.
3394 class ScopedVMInitArgs : public StackObj {
3395  private:
3396   JavaVMInitArgs _args;
3397   char*          _container_name;
3398   bool           _is_set;
3399   char*          _vm_options_file_arg;
3400 
3401  public:
3402   ScopedVMInitArgs(const char *container_name) {
3403     _args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
3404     _args.nOptions = 0;
3405     _args.options = NULL;
3406     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = false;
3407     _container_name = (char *)container_name;
3408     _is_set = false;
3409     _vm_options_file_arg = NULL;
3410   }
3411 
3412   // Populates the JavaVMInitArgs object represented by this
3413   // ScopedVMInitArgs object with the arguments in options.  The
3414   // allocated memory is deleted by the destructor.  If this method
3415   // returns anything other than JNI_OK, then this object is in a
3416   // partially constructed state, and should be abandoned.
3417   jint set_args(GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>* options) {
3418     _is_set = true;
3419     JavaVMOption* options_arr = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(
3420         JavaVMOption, options->length(), mtArguments);
3421     if (options_arr == NULL) {
3422       return JNI_ENOMEM;
3423     }
3424     _args.options = options_arr;
3425 
3426     for (int i = 0; i < options->length(); i++) {
3427       options_arr[i] = options->at(i);
3428       options_arr[i].optionString = os::strdup(options_arr[i].optionString);
3429       if (options_arr[i].optionString == NULL) {
3430         // Rely on the destructor to do cleanup.
3431         _args.nOptions = i;
3432         return JNI_ENOMEM;
3433       }
3434     }
3435 
3436     _args.nOptions = options->length();
3437     _args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
3438     return JNI_OK;
3439   }
3440 
3441   JavaVMInitArgs* get()             { return &_args; }
3442   char* container_name()            { return _container_name; }
3443   bool  is_set()                    { return _is_set; }
3444   bool  found_vm_options_file_arg() { return _vm_options_file_arg != NULL; }
3445   char* vm_options_file_arg()       { return _vm_options_file_arg; }
3446 
3447   void set_vm_options_file_arg(const char *vm_options_file_arg) {
3448     if (_vm_options_file_arg != NULL) {
3449       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
3450     }
3451     _vm_options_file_arg = os::strdup_check_oom(vm_options_file_arg);
3452   }
3453 
3454   ~ScopedVMInitArgs() {
3455     if (_vm_options_file_arg != NULL) {
3456       os::free(_vm_options_file_arg);
3457     }
3458     if (_args.options == NULL) return;
3459     for (int i = 0; i < _args.nOptions; i++) {
3460       os::free(_args.options[i].optionString);
3461     }
3462     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(JavaVMOption, _args.options);
3463   }
3464 
3465   // Insert options into this option list, to replace option at
3466   // vm_options_file_pos (-XX:VMOptionsFile)
3467   jint insert(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3468               const JavaVMInitArgs* args_to_insert,
3469               const int vm_options_file_pos) {
3470     assert(_args.options == NULL, "shouldn't be set yet");
3471     assert(args_to_insert->nOptions != 0, "there should be args to insert");
3472     assert(vm_options_file_pos != -1, "vm_options_file_pos should be set");
3473 
3474     int length = args->nOptions + args_to_insert->nOptions - 1;
3475     GrowableArray<JavaVMOption> *options = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtArguments)
3476               GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>(length, true);    // Construct new option array
3477     for (int i = 0; i < args->nOptions; i++) {
3478       if (i == vm_options_file_pos) {
3479         // insert the new options starting at the same place as the
3480         // -XX:VMOptionsFile option
3481         for (int j = 0; j < args_to_insert->nOptions; j++) {
3482           options->push(args_to_insert->options[j]);
3483         }
3484       } else {
3485         options->push(args->options[i]);
3486       }
3487     }
3488     // make into options array
3489     jint result = set_args(options);
3490     delete options;
3491     return result;
3492   }
3493 };
3494 
3495 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3496   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", args);
3497 }
3498 
3499 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(ScopedVMInitArgs* args) {
3500   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", args);
3501 }
3502 
3503 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name,
3504                                                    ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3505   char *buffer = ::getenv(name);
3506 
3507   // Don't check this environment variable if user has special privileges
3508   // (e.g. unix su command).
3509   if (buffer == NULL || os::have_special_privileges()) {
3510     return JNI_OK;
3511   }
3512 
3513   if ((buffer = os::strdup(buffer)) == NULL) {
3514     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3515   }
3516 
3517   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3518               "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
3519 
3520   int retcode = parse_options_buffer(name, buffer, strlen(buffer), vm_args);
3521 
3522   os::free(buffer);
3523   return retcode;
3524 }
3525 
3526 jint Arguments::parse_vm_options_file(const char* file_name, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3527   // read file into buffer
3528   int fd = ::open(file_name, O_RDONLY);
3529   if (fd < 0) {
3530     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3531                 "Could not open options file '%s'\n",
3532                 file_name);
3533     return JNI_ERR;
3534   }
3535 
3536   struct stat stbuf;
3537   int retcode = os::stat(file_name, &stbuf);
3538   if (retcode != 0) {
3539     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3540                 "Could not stat options file '%s'\n",
3541                 file_name);
3542     os::close(fd);
3543     return JNI_ERR;
3544   }
3545 
3546   if (stbuf.st_size == 0) {
3547     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
3548     os::close(fd);
3549     return JNI_OK;
3550   }
3551 
3552   // '+ 1' for NULL termination even with max bytes
3553   size_t bytes_alloc = stbuf.st_size + 1;
3554 
3555   char *buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, bytes_alloc, mtArguments);
3556   if (NULL == buf) {
3557     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3558                 "Could not allocate read buffer for options file parse\n");
3559     os::close(fd);
3560     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3561   }
3562 
3563   memset(buf, 0, bytes_alloc);
3564 
3565   // Fill buffer
3566   // Use ::read() instead of os::read because os::read()
3567   // might do a thread state transition
3568   // and it is too early for that here
3569 
3570   ssize_t bytes_read = ::read(fd, (void *)buf, (unsigned)bytes_alloc);
3571   os::close(fd);
3572   if (bytes_read < 0) {
3573     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3574     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3575                 "Could not read options file '%s'\n", file_name);
3576     return JNI_ERR;
3577   }
3578 
3579   if (bytes_read == 0) {
3580     // tell caller there is no option data and that is ok
3581     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3582     return JNI_OK;
3583   }
3584 
3585   retcode = parse_options_buffer(file_name, buf, bytes_read, vm_args);
3586 
3587   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, buf);
3588   return retcode;
3589 }
3590 
3591 jint Arguments::parse_options_buffer(const char* name, char* buffer, const size_t buf_len, ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_args) {
3592   GrowableArray<JavaVMOption> *options = new (ResourceObj::C_HEAP, mtArguments) GrowableArray<JavaVMOption>(2, true);    // Construct option array
3593 
3594   // some pointers to help with parsing
3595   char *buffer_end = buffer + buf_len;
3596   char *opt_hd = buffer;
3597   char *wrt = buffer;
3598   char *rd = buffer;
3599 
3600   // parse all options
3601   while (rd < buffer_end) {
3602     // skip leading white space from the input string
3603     while (rd < buffer_end && isspace(*rd)) {
3604       rd++;
3605     }
3606 
3607     if (rd >= buffer_end) {
3608       break;
3609     }
3610 
3611     // Remember this is where we found the head of the token.
3612     opt_hd = wrt;
3613 
3614     // Tokens are strings of non white space characters separated
3615     // by one or more white spaces.
3616     while (rd < buffer_end && !isspace(*rd)) {
3617       if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3618         int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3619         rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3620         while (rd < buffer_end && *rd != quote) {
3621                                             // include everything (even spaces)
3622                                             // up until the close quote
3623           *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3624         }
3625 
3626         if (rd < buffer_end) {
3627           rd++;                             // don't copy close quote
3628         } else {
3629                                             // did not see closing quote
3630           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3631                       "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3632           delete options;
3633           return JNI_ERR;
3634         }
3635       } else {
3636         *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3637       }
3638     }
3639 
3640     // steal a white space character and set it to NULL
3641     *wrt++ = '\0';
3642     // We now have a complete token
3643 
3644     JavaVMOption option;
3645     option.optionString = opt_hd;
3646     option.extraInfo = NULL;
3647 
3648     options->append(option);                // Fill in option
3649 
3650     rd++;  // Advance to next character
3651   }
3652 
3653   // Fill out JavaVMInitArgs structure.
3654   jint status = vm_args->set_args(options);
3655 
3656   delete options;
3657   return status;
3658 }
3659 
3660 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
3661   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
3662     if (FailOverToOldVerifier) {
3663       // Don't fall back to the old verifier on verification failure. If a
3664       // class fails verification with the split verifier, it might fail the
3665       // CDS runtime verifier constraint check. In that case, we don't want
3666       // to share the class. We only archive classes that pass the split verifier.
3667       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(FailOverToOldVerifier, false);
3668     }
3669 
3670     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
3671       warning("Cannot dump shared archive while using shared archive");
3672     }
3673     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3674 #ifdef _LP64
3675     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3676       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3677         "Cannot dump shared archive when UseCompressedOops or UseCompressedClassPointers is off.", NULL);
3678     }
3679   } else {
3680     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3681       no_shared_spaces("UseCompressedOops and UseCompressedClassPointers must be on for UseSharedSpaces.");
3682     }
3683 #endif
3684   }
3685 }
3686 
3687 // Sharing support
3688 // Construct the path to the archive
3689 static char* get_shared_archive_path() {
3690   char *shared_archive_path;
3691   if (SharedArchiveFile == NULL) {
3692     char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3693     os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3694     char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3695     if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3696     size_t jvm_path_len = strlen(jvm_path);
3697     size_t file_sep_len = strlen(os::file_separator());
3698     const size_t len = jvm_path_len + file_sep_len + 20;
3699     shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtArguments);
3700     if (shared_archive_path != NULL) {
3701       jio_snprintf(shared_archive_path, len, "%s%sclasses.jsa",
3702         jvm_path, os::file_separator());
3703     }
3704   } else {
3705     shared_archive_path = os::strdup_check_oom(SharedArchiveFile, mtArguments);
3706   }
3707   return shared_archive_path;
3708 }
3709 
3710 #ifndef PRODUCT
3711 // Determine whether LogVMOutput should be implicitly turned on.
3712 static bool use_vm_log() {
3713   if (LogCompilation || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogFile) ||
3714       PrintCompilation || PrintInlining || PrintDependencies || PrintNativeNMethods ||
3715       PrintDebugInfo || PrintRelocations || PrintNMethods || PrintExceptionHandlers ||
3716       PrintAssembly || TraceDeoptimization || TraceDependencies ||
3717       (VerifyDependencies && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(VerifyDependencies))) {
3718     return true;
3719   }
3720 
3721 #ifdef COMPILER1
3722   if (PrintC1Statistics) {
3723     return true;
3724   }
3725 #endif // COMPILER1
3726 
3727 #ifdef COMPILER2
3728   if (PrintOptoAssembly || PrintOptoStatistics) {
3729     return true;
3730   }
3731 #endif // COMPILER2
3732 
3733   return false;
3734 }
3735 
3736 #endif // PRODUCT
3737 
3738 bool Arguments::args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3739   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3740     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
3741     const char* tail;
3742     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
3743       return true;
3744     }
3745   }
3746   return false;
3747 }
3748 
3749 jint Arguments::insert_vm_options_file(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3750                                        const char* vm_options_file,
3751                                        const int vm_options_file_pos,
3752                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* vm_options_file_args,
3753                                        ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
3754   jint code = parse_vm_options_file(vm_options_file, vm_options_file_args);
3755   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3756     return code;
3757   }
3758 
3759   if (vm_options_file_args->get()->nOptions < 1) {
3760     return JNI_OK;
3761   }
3762 
3763   if (args_contains_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args->get())) {
3764     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3765                 "A VM options file may not refer to a VM options file. "
3766                 "Specification of '-XX:VMOptionsFile=<file-name>' in the "
3767                 "options file '%s' in options container '%s' is an error.\n",
3768                 vm_options_file_args->vm_options_file_arg(),
3769                 vm_options_file_args->container_name());
3770     return JNI_EINVAL;
3771   }
3772 
3773   return args_out->insert(args, vm_options_file_args->get(),
3774                           vm_options_file_pos);
3775 }
3776 
3777 // Expand -XX:VMOptionsFile found in args_in as needed.
3778 // mod_args and args_out parameters may return values as needed.
3779 jint Arguments::expand_vm_options_as_needed(const JavaVMInitArgs* args_in,
3780                                             ScopedVMInitArgs* mod_args,
3781                                             JavaVMInitArgs** args_out) {
3782   jint code = match_special_option_and_act(args_in, mod_args);
3783   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3784     return code;
3785   }
3786 
3787   if (mod_args->is_set()) {
3788     // args_in contains -XX:VMOptionsFile and mod_args contains the
3789     // original options from args_in along with the options expanded
3790     // from the VMOptionsFile. Return a short-hand to the caller.
3791     *args_out = mod_args->get();
3792   } else {
3793     *args_out = (JavaVMInitArgs *)args_in;  // no changes so use args_in
3794   }
3795   return JNI_OK;
3796 }
3797 
3798 jint Arguments::match_special_option_and_act(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
3799                                              ScopedVMInitArgs* args_out) {
3800   // Remaining part of option string
3801   const char* tail;
3802   ScopedVMInitArgs vm_options_file_args(args_out->container_name());
3803 
3804   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3805     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
3806     if (ArgumentsExt::process_options(option)) {
3807       continue;
3808     }
3809     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3810       Arguments::set_jvm_flags_file(tail);
3811       continue;
3812     }
3813     if (match_option(option, "-XX:VMOptionsFile=", &tail)) {
3814       if (vm_options_file_args.found_vm_options_file_arg()) {
3815         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3816                     "The option '%s' is already specified in the options "
3817                     "container '%s' so the specification of '%s' in the "
3818                     "same options container is an error.\n",
3819                     vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg(),
3820                     vm_options_file_args.container_name(),
3821                     option->optionString);
3822         return JNI_EINVAL;
3823       }
3824       vm_options_file_args.set_vm_options_file_arg(option->optionString);
3825       // If there's a VMOptionsFile, parse that
3826       jint code = insert_vm_options_file(args, tail, index,
3827                                          &vm_options_file_args, args_out);
3828       if (code != JNI_OK) {
3829         return code;
3830       }
3831       args_out->set_vm_options_file_arg(vm_options_file_args.vm_options_file_arg());
3832       if (args_out->is_set()) {
3833         // The VMOptions file inserted some options so switch 'args'
3834         // to the new set of options, and continue processing which
3835         // preserves "last option wins" semantics.
3836         args = args_out->get();
3837         // The first option from the VMOptionsFile replaces the
3838         // current option.  So we back track to process the
3839         // replacement option.
3840         index--;
3841       }
3842       continue;
3843     }
3844     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions")) {
3845       PrintVMOptions = true;
3846       continue;
3847     }
3848     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions")) {
3849       PrintVMOptions = false;
3850       continue;
3851     }
3852     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3853       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3854       continue;
3855     }
3856     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions")) {
3857       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3858       continue;
3859     }
3860     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial")) {
3861       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, false);
3862       vm_exit(0);
3863     }
3864     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
3865 #if INCLUDE_NMT
3866       // The launcher did not setup nmt environment variable properly.
3867       if (!MemTracker::check_launcher_nmt_support(tail)) {
3868         warning("Native Memory Tracking did not setup properly, using wrong launcher?");
3869       }
3870 
3871       // Verify if nmt option is valid.
3872       if (MemTracker::verify_nmt_option()) {
3873         // Late initialization, still in single-threaded mode.
3874         if (MemTracker::tracking_level() >= NMT_summary) {
3875           MemTracker::init();
3876         }
3877       } else {
3878         vm_exit_during_initialization("Syntax error, expecting -XX:NativeMemoryTracking=[off|summary|detail]", NULL);
3879       }
3880       continue;
3881 #else
3882       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3883         "Native Memory Tracking is not supported in this VM\n");
3884       return JNI_ERR;
3885 #endif
3886     }
3887 
3888 #ifndef PRODUCT
3889     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments")) {
3890       JVMFlag::printFlags(tty, true);
3891       vm_exit(0);
3892     }
3893 #endif
3894   }
3895   return JNI_OK;
3896 }
3897 
3898 static void print_options(const JavaVMInitArgs *args) {
3899   const char* tail;
3900   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3901     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3902     if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3903       logOption(tail);
3904     }
3905   }
3906 }
3907 
3908 bool Arguments::handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags() {
3909   if (PrintGC) {
3910     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGC is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc instead.");
3911   }
3912   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3913     log_warning(gc)("-XX:+PrintGCDetails is deprecated. Will use -Xlog:gc* instead.");
3914   }
3915 
3916   if (_gc_log_filename != NULL) {
3917     // -Xloggc was used to specify a filename
3918     const char* gc_conf = PrintGCDetails ? "gc*" : "gc";
3919 
3920     LogTarget(Error, logging) target;
3921     LogStream errstream(target);
3922     return LogConfiguration::parse_log_arguments(_gc_log_filename, gc_conf, NULL, NULL, &errstream);
3923   } else if (PrintGC || PrintGCDetails) {
3924     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Info, !PrintGCDetails, LOG_TAGS(gc));
3925   }
3926   return true;
3927 }
3928 
3929 void Arguments::handle_extra_cms_flags(const char* msg) {
3930   SpecialFlag flag;
3931   const char *flag_name = "UseConcMarkSweepGC";
3932   if (lookup_special_flag(flag_name, flag)) {
3933     handle_aliases_and_deprecation(flag_name, /* print warning */ true);
3934     warning("%s", msg);
3935   }
3936 }
3937 
3938 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3939 
3940 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* initial_cmd_args) {
3941   assert(verify_special_jvm_flags(), "deprecated and obsolete flag table inconsistent");
3942 
3943   // Initialize ranges, constraints and writeables
3944   JVMFlagRangeList::init();
3945   JVMFlagConstraintList::init();
3946   JVMFlagWriteableList::init();
3947 
3948   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3949   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3950   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3951   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3952   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
3953   ScopedVMInitArgs initial_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
3954 
3955   // Pointers to current working set of containers
3956   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_cmd_args;
3957   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_options_args;
3958   JavaVMInitArgs* cur_java_tool_options_args;
3959 
3960   // Containers for modified/expanded options
3961   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_cmd_args("cmd_line_args");
3962   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_tool_options_args("env_var='JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS'");
3963   ScopedVMInitArgs mod_java_options_args("env_var='_JAVA_OPTIONS'");
3964 
3965 
3966   jint code =
3967       parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_tool_options_args);
3968   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3969     return code;
3970   }
3971 
3972   code = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&initial_java_options_args);
3973   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3974     return code;
3975   }
3976 
3977   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_tool_options_args.get(),
3978                                      &mod_java_tool_options_args,
3979                                      &cur_java_tool_options_args);
3980   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3981     return code;
3982   }
3983 
3984   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_cmd_args,
3985                                      &mod_cmd_args,
3986                                      &cur_cmd_args);
3987   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3988     return code;
3989   }
3990 
3991   code = expand_vm_options_as_needed(initial_java_options_args.get(),
3992                                      &mod_java_options_args,
3993                                      &cur_java_options_args);
3994   if (code != JNI_OK) {
3995     return code;
3996   }
3997 
3998   const char* flags_file = Arguments::get_jvm_flags_file();
3999   settings_file_specified = (flags_file != NULL);
4000 
4001   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
4002     cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
4003     cur_java_tool_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
4004     cur_java_options_args->ignoreUnrecognized = true;
4005   }
4006 
4007   // Parse specified settings file
4008   if (settings_file_specified) {
4009     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true,
4010                                cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
4011       return JNI_EINVAL;
4012     }
4013   } else {
4014 #ifdef ASSERT
4015     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
4016     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false,
4017                                cur_cmd_args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
4018       return JNI_EINVAL;
4019     }
4020 #else
4021     struct stat buf;
4022     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
4023       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
4024     }
4025 #endif
4026   }
4027 
4028   if (PrintVMOptions) {
4029     print_options(cur_java_tool_options_args);
4030     print_options(cur_cmd_args);
4031     print_options(cur_java_options_args);
4032   }
4033 
4034   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
4035   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(cur_java_tool_options_args,
4036                                    cur_java_options_args,
4037                                    cur_cmd_args);
4038 
4039   if (result != JNI_OK) {
4040     return result;
4041   }
4042 
4043   // Call get_shared_archive_path() here, after possible SharedArchiveFile option got parsed.
4044   SharedArchivePath = get_shared_archive_path();
4045   if (SharedArchivePath == NULL) {
4046     return JNI_ENOMEM;
4047   }
4048 
4049   // Set up VerifySharedSpaces
4050   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(VerifySharedSpaces) && SharedArchiveFile != NULL) {
4051     VerifySharedSpaces = true;
4052   }
4053 
4054   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
4055   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
4056   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
4057     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
4058             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
4059             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
4060   }
4061 
4062   if (needs_module_property_warning) {
4063     warning("Ignoring system property options whose names match the '-Djdk.module.*'."
4064             " names that are reserved for internal use.");
4065   }
4066 
4067 #if defined(_ALLBSD_SOURCE) || defined(AIX)  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD and AIX.
4068   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages);
4069 #endif
4070 
4071   ArgumentsExt::report_unsupported_options();
4072 
4073 #ifndef PRODUCT
4074   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
4075     TraceBytecodes = true;
4076   }
4077   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
4078     if (UseCounterDecay) {
4079       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
4080       UseCounterDecay = false;
4081     }
4082   }
4083 #endif // PRODUCT
4084 
4085   if (ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
4086     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
4087       warning("Forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero");
4088     }
4089     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
4090   }
4091 
4092   if (!handle_deprecated_print_gc_flags()) {
4093     return JNI_EINVAL;
4094   }
4095 
4096   // Set object alignment values.
4097   set_object_alignment();
4098 
4099 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
4100   if (DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces) {
4101     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
4102       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
4103     return JNI_ERR;
4104   }
4105   if ((UseSharedSpaces && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseSharedSpaces)) ||
4106       log_is_enabled(Info, cds)) {
4107     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
4108     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
4109     LogConfiguration::configure_stdout(LogLevel::Off, true, LOG_TAGS(cds));
4110   }
4111   no_shared_spaces("CDS Disabled");
4112 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
4113 
4114   return JNI_OK;
4115 }
4116 
4117 jint Arguments::apply_ergo() {
4118   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
4119   jint result = set_ergonomics_flags();
4120   if (result != JNI_OK) return result;
4121 
4122 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
4123   set_jvmci_specific_flags();
4124 #endif
4125 
4126   set_shared_spaces_flags();
4127 
4128   if (TieredCompilation) {
4129     set_tiered_flags();
4130   } else {
4131     int max_compilation_policy_choice = 1;
4132 #ifdef COMPILER2
4133     if (is_server_compilation_mode_vm()) {
4134       max_compilation_policy_choice = 2;
4135     }
4136 #endif
4137     // Check if the policy is valid.
4138     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= max_compilation_policy_choice) {
4139       vm_exit_during_initialization(
4140         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
4141     }
4142     // Scale CompileThreshold
4143     // CompileThresholdScaling == 0.0 is equivalent to -Xint and leaves CompileThreshold unchanged.
4144     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompileThresholdScaling) && CompileThresholdScaling > 0.0) {
4145       FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, CompileThreshold, scaled_compile_threshold(CompileThreshold));
4146     }
4147   }
4148 
4149 #ifdef COMPILER2
4150 #ifndef PRODUCT
4151   if (PrintIdealGraphLevel > 0) {
4152     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, PrintIdealGraph, true);
4153   }
4154 #endif
4155 #endif
4156 
4157   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
4158   set_heap_size();
4159 
4160   GCConfig::arguments()->initialize();
4161 
4162   // Initialize Metaspace flags and alignments
4163   Metaspace::ergo_initialize();
4164 
4165   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
4166   set_bytecode_flags();
4167 
4168   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled
4169   jint code = set_aggressive_opts_flags();
4170   if (code != JNI_OK) {
4171     return code;
4172   }
4173 
4174   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
4175   // which are subtly different from each other but neither works with
4176   // biased locking
4177   if (UseHeavyMonitors
4178 #ifdef COMPILER1
4179       || !UseFastLocking
4180 #endif // COMPILER1
4181 #if INCLUDE_JVMCI
4182       || !JVMCIUseFastLocking
4183 #endif
4184     ) {
4185     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
4186       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
4187       // can't enable biased locking here
4188       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
4189               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
4190     }
4191     UseBiasedLocking = false;
4192   }
4193 
4194 #ifdef CC_INTERP
4195   // Clear flags not supported on zero.
4196   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
4197   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
4198   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
4199   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false));
4200 #endif // CC_INTERP
4201 
4202 #ifdef COMPILER2
4203   if (!EliminateLocks) {
4204     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
4205   }
4206   if (!Inline) {
4207     IncrementalInline = false;
4208   }
4209 #ifndef PRODUCT
4210   if (!IncrementalInline) {
4211     AlwaysIncrementalInline = false;
4212   }
4213 #endif
4214   if (!UseTypeSpeculation && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel)) {
4215     // nothing to use the profiling, turn if off
4216     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel, 0);
4217   }
4218   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LoopStripMiningIterShortLoop)) {
4219     // blind guess
4220     LoopStripMiningIterShortLoop = LoopStripMiningIter / 10;
4221   }
4222 #endif
4223 
4224   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
4225     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
4226     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
4227   }
4228 
4229   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CompressedClassSpaceSize) && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
4230     warning("Setting CompressedClassSpaceSize has no effect when compressed class pointers are not used");
4231   }
4232 
4233   if (UseOnStackReplacement && !UseLoopCounter) {
4234     warning("On-stack-replacement requires loop counters; enabling loop counters");
4235     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLoopCounter, true);
4236   }
4237 
4238 #ifndef PRODUCT
4239   if (!LogVMOutput && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogVMOutput)) {
4240     if (use_vm_log()) {
4241       LogVMOutput = true;
4242     }
4243   }
4244 #endif // PRODUCT
4245 
4246   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
4247     JVMFlag::printSetFlags(tty);
4248   }
4249 
4250   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
4251   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
4252     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
4253         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
4254       UseBiasedLocking = false;
4255     }
4256   }
4257 #ifdef COMPILER2
4258   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
4259     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
4260   }
4261 #endif
4262 
4263   // ThreadLocalHandshakesConstraintFunc handles the constraints.
4264   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ThreadLocalHandshakes) || !SafepointMechanism::supports_thread_local_poll()) {
4265     log_debug(ergo)("ThreadLocalHandshakes %s", ThreadLocalHandshakes ? "enabled." : "disabled.");
4266   } else {
4267     log_info(ergo)("ThreadLocalHandshakes %s", ThreadLocalHandshakes ? "enabled." : "disabled.");
4268   }
4269 
4270   return JNI_OK;
4271 }
4272 
4273 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
4274   if (UseNUMA) {
4275     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AllocateHeapAt)) {
4276       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseNUMA, false);
4277     } else if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
4278       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
4279          FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
4280       }
4281     }
4282     // UseNUMAInterleaving is set to ON for all collectors and
4283     // platforms when UseNUMA is set to ON. NUMA-aware collectors
4284     // such as the parallel collector for Linux and Solaris will
4285     // interleave old gen and survivor spaces on top of NUMA
4286     // allocation policy for the eden space.
4287     // Non NUMA-aware collectors such as CMS, G1 and Serial-GC on
4288     // all platforms and ParallelGC on Windows will interleave all
4289     // of the heap spaces across NUMA nodes.
4290     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseNUMAInterleaving)) {
4291       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseNUMAInterleaving, true);
4292     }
4293   }
4294   return JNI_OK;
4295 }
4296 
4297 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
4298   int count = 0;
4299   while(pl != NULL) {
4300     count++;
4301     pl = pl->next();
4302   }
4303   return count;
4304 }
4305 
4306 // Return the number of readable properties.
4307 int Arguments::PropertyList_readable_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
4308   int count = 0;
4309   while(pl != NULL) {
4310     if (pl->is_readable()) {
4311       count++;
4312     }
4313     pl = pl->next();
4314   }
4315   return count;
4316 }
4317 
4318 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
4319   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
4320   SystemProperty* prop;
4321   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4322     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
4323   }
4324   return NULL;
4325 }
4326 
4327 // Return the value of the requested property provided that it is a readable property.
4328 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_readable_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
4329   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
4330   SystemProperty* prop;
4331   // Return the property value if the keys match and the property is not internal or
4332   // it's the special internal property "jdk.boot.class.path.append".
4333   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4334     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) {
4335       if (!prop->internal()) {
4336         return prop->value();
4337       } else if (strcmp(key, "jdk.boot.class.path.append") == 0) {
4338         return prop->value();
4339       } else {
4340         // Property is internal and not jdk.boot.class.path.append so return NULL.
4341         return NULL;
4342       }
4343     }
4344   }
4345   return NULL;
4346 }
4347 
4348 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
4349   int count = 0;
4350   const char* ret_val = NULL;
4351 
4352   while(pl != NULL) {
4353     if(count >= index) {
4354       ret_val = pl->key();
4355       break;
4356     }
4357     count++;
4358     pl = pl->next();
4359   }
4360 
4361   return ret_val;
4362 }
4363 
4364 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
4365   int count = 0;
4366   char* ret_val = NULL;
4367 
4368   while(pl != NULL) {
4369     if(count >= index) {
4370       ret_val = pl->value();
4371       break;
4372     }
4373     count++;
4374     pl = pl->next();
4375   }
4376 
4377   return ret_val;
4378 }
4379 
4380 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
4381   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
4382   if (p == NULL) {
4383     *plist = new_p;
4384   } else {
4385     while (p->next() != NULL) {
4386       p = p->next();
4387     }
4388     p->set_next(new_p);
4389   }
4390 }
4391 
4392 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
4393                                  bool writeable, bool internal) {
4394   if (plist == NULL)
4395     return;
4396 
4397   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, writeable, internal);
4398   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
4399 }
4400 
4401 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty *element) {
4402   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, element);
4403 }
4404 
4405 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
4406 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, const char* v,
4407                                         PropertyAppendable append, PropertyWriteable writeable,
4408                                         PropertyInternal internal) {
4409   if (plist == NULL)
4410     return;
4411 
4412   // If property key exist then update with new value.
4413   SystemProperty* prop;
4414   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
4415     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
4416       if (append == AppendProperty) {
4417         prop->append_value(v);
4418       } else {
4419         prop->set_value(v);
4420       }
4421       return;
4422     }
4423   }
4424 
4425   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v, writeable == WriteableProperty, internal == InternalProperty);
4426 }
4427 
4428 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
4429 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
4430 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
4431 // Notes:
4432 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
4433 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
4434 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
4435 // expanded one.
4436 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
4437 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
4438                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
4439   const char* p = src;
4440   char* b = buf;
4441   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
4442   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
4443 
4444   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
4445     if (*p == '%') {
4446       switch (*(++p)) {
4447       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
4448         *b++ = *p++;
4449         break;
4450       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
4451         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
4452         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
4453         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
4454         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
4455 
4456         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
4457         // the expanded pid, returns false.
4458         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
4459           return false;
4460         } else {
4461           b += ret;
4462           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
4463           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
4464             // reach the end of the buffer.
4465             return true;
4466           }
4467         }
4468         p++;
4469         break;
4470       }
4471       default :
4472         *b++ = '%';
4473       }
4474     } else {
4475       *b++ = *p++;
4476     }
4477   }
4478   *b = '\0';
4479   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
4480 }