1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2016, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 
  25 
  26 package jdk.tools.jaotc.binformat;
  27 
  28 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.meta.HotSpotAOTProfilingPlugin.Options.TieredAOT;
  29 
  30 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  31 import java.io.DataOutputStream;
  32 import java.io.IOException;
  33 import java.util.ArrayList;
  34 import java.util.HashMap;
  35 import java.util.List;
  36 import java.util.Map;
  37 
  38 import jdk.tools.jaotc.binformat.Symbol.Binding;
  39 import jdk.tools.jaotc.binformat.Symbol.Kind;
  40 import jdk.tools.jaotc.binformat.elf.JELFRelocObject;
  41 import jdk.tools.jaotc.binformat.macho.JMachORelocObject;
  42 import jdk.tools.jaotc.binformat.pecoff.JPECoffRelocObject;
  43 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.GraalHotSpotVMConfig;
  44 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.graphbuilderconf.GraphBuilderConfiguration;
  45 import org.graalvm.compiler.options.OptionValues;
  46 
  47 /**
  48  * A format-agnostic container class that holds various components of a binary.
  49  *
  50  * <p>
  51  * This class holds information necessary to create platform-specific binary containers such as
  52  * ELFContainer for Linux and Solaris operating systems or MachOContainer for Mac OS or PEContainer
  53  * for MS Windows operating systems.
  54  *
  55  * <p>
  56  * Method APIs provided by this class are used to construct and populate platform-independent
  57  * contents of a binary as the first step to create a binary representation of code generated by a
  58  * compiler backend such as Graal.
  59  *
  60  * <p>
  61  * Methods to record and access code section contents, symbols and relocations are provided.
  62  */
  63 public final class BinaryContainer implements SymbolTable {
  64     private final OptionValues graalOptions;
  65 
  66     private final int codeSegmentSize;
  67 
  68     private final int codeEntryAlignment;
  69 
  70     private final boolean threadLocalHandshakes;
  71 
  72     /**
  73      * Container holding code bits and any other related information.
  74      */
  75     private final CodeContainer codeContainer;
  76 
  77     /**
  78      * Container holding global offset data for hotspot linkage.
  79      */
  80     private final ByteContainer extLinkageGOTContainer;
  81 
  82     /**
  83      * Patched by HotSpot, contains Klass pointers.
  84      */
  85     private final ByteContainer klassesGotContainer;
  86 
  87     /**
  88      * Patched by HotSpot, contains MethodCounters pointers.
  89      */
  90     private final ByteContainer countersGotContainer;
  91 
  92     /**
  93      * Patched lazily by hotspot, contains klass/method pointers.
  94      */
  95     private final ByteContainer metadataGotContainer;
  96 
  97     /**
  98      * BSS container, contains method state array.
  99      */
 100     private final ByteContainer methodStateContainer;
 101 
 102     /**
 103      * Patched by hotspot, contains java object pointers.
 104      */
 105     private final ByteContainer oopGotContainer;
 106 
 107     // Containers holding read-only data
 108     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer configContainer;
 109     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer metaspaceNamesContainer;
 110     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer methodsOffsetsContainer;
 111     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer klassesOffsetsContainer;
 112     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer klassesDependenciesContainer;
 113     private final HeaderContainer headerContainer;
 114     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer stubsOffsetsContainer;
 115     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer codeSegmentsContainer;
 116 
 117     // This cannot be read only since we need to patch the metadata at runtime..
 118     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer methodMetadataContainer;
 119 
 120     /**
 121      * Container containing constant data used by code.
 122      */
 123     private final ReadOnlyDataContainer constantDataContainer;
 124 
 125     /**
 126      * Map holding the Strings table.
 127      */
 128     private final Map<String, Integer> offsetStringTable = new HashMap<>();
 129 
 130     private final Map<String, Integer> metaspaceNames = new HashMap<>();
 131 
 132     // List of relocation table entries - (symbolName, relocationInfo)
 133     private final Map<String, Symbol> symbolTable = new HashMap<>();
 134     private final Map<Symbol, List<Relocation>> relocationTable = new HashMap<>();
 135     private final Map<Symbol, Relocation> uniqueRelocationTable = new HashMap<>();
 136 
 137     /**
 138      * Mapping of local VM function names to known global symbols generated in the output binary.
 139      */
 140     private static final HashMap<String, String> functionNamesToAOTSymbols = new HashMap<>();
 141 
 142     //@formatter:off
 143     private static final String[][] map = {
 144         {"CompilerToVM::Data::SharedRuntime_deopt_blob_unpack",         "_aot_deopt_blob_unpack"},
 145         {"CompilerToVM::Data::SharedRuntime_deopt_blob_uncommon_trap",  "_aot_deopt_blob_uncommon_trap"},
 146         {"CompilerToVM::Data::SharedRuntime_ic_miss_stub",              "_aot_ic_miss_stub"},
 147         {"CompilerToVM::Data::SharedRuntime_handle_wrong_method_stub",  "_aot_handle_wrong_method_stub"},
 148         {"SharedRuntime::exception_handler_for_return_address",         "_aot_exception_handler_for_return_address"},
 149         {"SharedRuntime::register_finalizer",                           "_aot_register_finalizer"},
 150         {"SharedRuntime::OSR_migration_end",                            "_aot_OSR_migration_end"},
 151         {"SharedRuntime::enable_stack_reserved_zone",                   "_aot_enable_stack_reserved_zone"},
 152         {"CompilerRuntime::resolve_dynamic_invoke",                     "_aot_resolve_dynamic_invoke"},
 153         {"CompilerRuntime::resolve_string_by_symbol",                   "_aot_resolve_string_by_symbol"},
 154         {"CompilerRuntime::resolve_klass_by_symbol",                    "_aot_resolve_klass_by_symbol"},
 155         {"CompilerRuntime::resolve_method_by_symbol_and_load_counters", "_aot_resolve_method_by_symbol_and_load_counters"},
 156         {"CompilerRuntime::initialize_klass_by_symbol",                 "_aot_initialize_klass_by_symbol"},
 157         {"CompilerRuntime::invocation_event",                           "_aot_invocation_event"},
 158         {"CompilerRuntime::backedge_event",                             "_aot_backedge_event"},
 159 
 160         {"CompilerToVM::Data::dpow", "_aot_shared_runtime_dpow"},
 161         {"CompilerToVM::Data::dexp", "_aot_shared_runtime_dexp"},
 162         {"CompilerToVM::Data::dcos", "_aot_shared_runtime_dcos"},
 163         {"CompilerToVM::Data::dsin", "_aot_shared_runtime_dsin"},
 164         {"CompilerToVM::Data::dtan", "_aot_shared_runtime_dtan"},
 165         {"CompilerToVM::Data::dlog", "_aot_shared_runtime_dlog"},
 166         {"CompilerToVM::Data::dlog10", "_aot_shared_runtime_dlog10"},
 167 
 168         {"StubRoutines::_jbyte_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jbyte_arraycopy"},
 169         {"StubRoutines::_jshort_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jshort_arraycopy"},
 170         {"StubRoutines::_jint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jint_arraycopy"},
 171         {"StubRoutines::_jlong_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jlong_arraycopy"},
 172         {"StubRoutines::_oop_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_oop_arraycopy"},
 173         {"StubRoutines::_oop_arraycopy_uninit", "_aot_stub_routines_oop_arraycopy_uninit"},
 174 
 175         {"StubRoutines::_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 176         {"StubRoutines::_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 177         {"StubRoutines::_jint_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jint_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 178         {"StubRoutines::_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 179         {"StubRoutines::_oop_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_oop_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 180         {"StubRoutines::_oop_disjoint_arraycopy_uninit", "_aot_stub_routines_oop_disjoint_arraycopy_uninit"},
 181 
 182         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jbyte_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jbyte_arraycopy"},
 183         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jshort_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jshort_arraycopy"},
 184         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jint_arraycopy"},
 185         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jlong_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jlong_arraycopy"},
 186         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_oop_arraycopy"},
 187         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_arraycopy_uninit", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_oop_arraycopy_uninit"},
 188 
 189         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jbyte_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 190         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jshort_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 191         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jint_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jint_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 192         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_jlong_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 193         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_disjoint_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_oop_disjoint_arraycopy"},
 194         {"StubRoutines::_arrayof_oop_disjoint_arraycopy_uninit", "_aot_stub_routines_arrayof_oop_disjoint_arraycopy_uninit"},
 195 
 196         {"StubRoutines::_unsafe_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_unsafe_arraycopy"},
 197 
 198         {"StubRoutines::_checkcast_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_checkcast_arraycopy"},
 199 
 200         {"StubRoutines::_generic_arraycopy", "_aot_stub_routines_generic_arraycopy"},
 201 
 202         {"StubRoutines::_aescrypt_encryptBlock", "_aot_stub_routines_aescrypt_encryptBlock"},
 203         {"StubRoutines::_aescrypt_decryptBlock", "_aot_stub_routines_aescrypt_decryptBlock"},
 204         {"StubRoutines::_cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt", "_aot_stub_routines_cipherBlockChaining_encryptAESCrypt"},
 205         {"StubRoutines::_cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt", "_aot_stub_routines_cipherBlockChaining_decryptAESCrypt"},
 206         {"StubRoutines::_electronicCodeBook_encryptAESCrypt", "_aot_stub_routines_electronicCodeBook_encryptAESCrypt"},
 207         {"StubRoutines::_electronicCodeBook_decryptAESCrypt", "_aot_stub_routines_electronicCodeBook_decryptAESCrypt"},
 208         {"StubRoutines::_updateBytesCRC32", "_aot_stub_routines_update_bytes_crc32"},
 209         {"StubRoutines::_crc_table_adr", "_aot_stub_routines_crc_table_adr"},
 210 
 211         {"StubRoutines::_sha1_implCompress", "_aot_stub_routines_sha1_implCompress" },
 212         {"StubRoutines::_sha1_implCompressMB", "_aot_stub_routines_sha1_implCompressMB" },
 213         {"StubRoutines::_sha256_implCompress", "_aot_stub_routines_sha256_implCompress" },
 214         {"StubRoutines::_sha256_implCompressMB", "_aot_stub_routines_sha256_implCompressMB" },
 215         {"StubRoutines::_sha512_implCompress", "_aot_stub_routines_sha512_implCompress" },
 216         {"StubRoutines::_sha512_implCompressMB", "_aot_stub_routines_sha512_implCompressMB" },
 217         {"StubRoutines::_multiplyToLen", "_aot_stub_routines_multiplyToLen" },
 218 
 219         {"StubRoutines::_counterMode_AESCrypt", "_aot_stub_routines_counterMode_AESCrypt" },
 220         {"StubRoutines::_ghash_processBlocks", "_aot_stub_routines_ghash_processBlocks" },
 221         {"StubRoutines::_base64_encodeBlock", "_aot_stub_routines_base64_encodeBlock" },
 222         {"StubRoutines::_crc32c_table_addr", "_aot_stub_routines_crc32c_table_addr" },
 223         {"StubRoutines::_updateBytesCRC32C", "_aot_stub_routines_updateBytesCRC32C" },
 224         {"StubRoutines::_updateBytesAdler32", "_aot_stub_routines_updateBytesAdler32" },
 225         {"StubRoutines::_squareToLen", "_aot_stub_routines_squareToLen" },
 226         {"StubRoutines::_mulAdd", "_aot_stub_routines_mulAdd" },
 227         {"StubRoutines::_montgomeryMultiply", "_aot_stub_routines_montgomeryMultiply" },
 228         {"StubRoutines::_montgomerySquare", "_aot_stub_routines_montgomerySquare" },
 229         {"StubRoutines::_vectorizedMismatch", "_aot_stub_routines_vectorizedMismatch" },
 230 
 231         {"StubRoutines::_throw_delayed_StackOverflowError_entry", "_aot_stub_routines_throw_delayed_StackOverflowError_entry" },
 232 
 233 
 234         {"os::javaTimeMillis", "_aot_os_javaTimeMillis"},
 235         {"os::javaTimeNanos", "_aot_os_javaTimeNanos"},
 236 
 237         {"JVMCIRuntime::monitorenter", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_monitorenter"},
 238         {"JVMCIRuntime::monitorexit", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_monitorexit"},
 239         {"JVMCIRuntime::object_notify", "_aot_object_notify"},
 240         {"JVMCIRuntime::object_notifyAll", "_aot_object_notifyAll"},
 241         {"JVMCIRuntime::log_object", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_log_object"},
 242         {"JVMCIRuntime::log_printf", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_log_printf"},
 243         {"JVMCIRuntime::vm_message", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_vm_message"},
 244         {"JVMCIRuntime::new_instance", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_new_instance"},
 245         {"JVMCIRuntime::new_array", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_new_array"},
 246         {"JVMCIRuntime::new_multi_array", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_new_multi_array"},
 247         {"JVMCIRuntime::dynamic_new_instance", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_dynamic_new_instance"},
 248         {"JVMCIRuntime::dynamic_new_array", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_dynamic_new_array"},
 249         {"JVMCIRuntime::new_instance_or_null", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_new_instance_or_null"},
 250         {"JVMCIRuntime::new_array_or_null", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_new_array_or_null"},
 251         {"JVMCIRuntime::new_multi_array_or_null", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_new_multi_array_or_null"},
 252         {"JVMCIRuntime::dynamic_new_instance_or_null", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_dynamic_new_instance_or_null"},
 253         {"JVMCIRuntime::dynamic_new_array_or_null", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_dynamic_new_array_or_null"},
 254         {"JVMCIRuntime::log_primitive", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_log_primitive"},
 255         {"JVMCIRuntime::validate_object", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_validate_object"},
 256         {"JVMCIRuntime::write_barrier_pre", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_write_barrier_pre"},
 257         {"JVMCIRuntime::identity_hash_code", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_identity_hash_code"},
 258         {"JVMCIRuntime::write_barrier_post", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_write_barrier_post"},
 259         {"JVMCIRuntime::thread_is_interrupted", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_thread_is_interrupted"},
 260         {"JVMCIRuntime::exception_handler_for_pc", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_exception_handler_for_pc"},
 261         {"JVMCIRuntime::test_deoptimize_call_int", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_test_deoptimize_call_int"},
 262 
 263         {"JVMCIRuntime::throw_and_post_jvmti_exception",      "_aot_jvmci_runtime_throw_and_post_jvmti_exception"},
 264         {"JVMCIRuntime::throw_klass_external_name_exception", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_throw_klass_external_name_exception"},
 265         {"JVMCIRuntime::throw_class_cast_exception",          "_aot_jvmci_runtime_throw_class_cast_exception"},
 266 
 267         {"JVMCIRuntime::vm_error", "_aot_jvmci_runtime_vm_error"}
 268     };
 269     //@formatter:on
 270 
 271     static {
 272         for (String[] entry : map) {
 273             functionNamesToAOTSymbols.put(entry[0], entry[1]);
 274         }
 275     }
 276 
 277     /**
 278      * Allocates a {@code BinaryContainer} object whose content will be generated in a file with the
 279      * prefix {@code prefix}. It also initializes internal code container, symbol table and
 280      * relocation tables.
 281      *
 282      * @param graalOptions
 283      */
 284     public BinaryContainer(OptionValues graalOptions, GraalHotSpotVMConfig graalHotSpotVMConfig, GraphBuilderConfiguration graphBuilderConfig, int gc, String jvmVersion) {
 285         this.graalOptions = graalOptions;
 286 
 287         this.codeSegmentSize = graalHotSpotVMConfig.codeSegmentSize;
 288         if (codeSegmentSize < 1 || codeSegmentSize > 1024) {
 289             throw new InternalError("codeSegmentSize is not in range [1, 1024] bytes: (" + codeSegmentSize + "), update JPECoffRelocObject");
 290         }
 291         if ((codeSegmentSize & (codeSegmentSize - 1)) != 0) {
 292             throw new InternalError("codeSegmentSize is not power of 2: (" + codeSegmentSize + "), update JPECoffRelocObject");
 293         }
 294 
 295         this.codeEntryAlignment = graalHotSpotVMConfig.codeEntryAlignment;
 296 
 297         this.threadLocalHandshakes = graalHotSpotVMConfig.threadLocalHandshakes;
 298 
 299         // Section unique name is limited to 8 characters due to limitation on Windows.
 300         // Name could be longer but only first 8 characters are stored on Windows.
 301 
 302         // read only, code
 303         codeContainer = new CodeContainer(".text", this);
 304 
 305         // read only, info
 306         headerContainer = new HeaderContainer(jvmVersion, new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".header", this));
 307         configContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".config", this);
 308         metaspaceNamesContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".meta.names", this);
 309         methodsOffsetsContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".meth.offsets", this);
 310         klassesOffsetsContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".kls.offsets", this);
 311         klassesDependenciesContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".kls.dependencies", this);
 312 
 313         stubsOffsetsContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".stubs.offsets", this);
 314         codeSegmentsContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".code.segments", this);
 315         constantDataContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".meth.constdata", this);
 316         methodMetadataContainer = new ReadOnlyDataContainer(".meth.metadata", this);
 317 
 318         // writable sections
 319         oopGotContainer = new ByteContainer(".oop.got", this);
 320         klassesGotContainer = new ByteContainer(".kls.got", this);
 321         countersGotContainer = new ByteContainer(".cnt.got", this);
 322         metadataGotContainer = new ByteContainer(".meta.got", this);
 323         methodStateContainer = new ByteContainer(".meth.state", this);
 324         extLinkageGOTContainer = new ByteContainer(".got.linkage", this);
 325 
 326         addGlobalSymbols();
 327 
 328         recordConfiguration(graalHotSpotVMConfig, graphBuilderConfig, gc);
 329     }
 330 
 331     private void recordConfiguration(GraalHotSpotVMConfig graalHotSpotVMConfig, GraphBuilderConfiguration graphBuilderConfig, int gc) {
 332         // @Checkstyle: stop
 333         // @formatter:off
 334         boolean[] booleanFlags = { graalHotSpotVMConfig.cAssertions, // Debug VM
 335                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.useCompressedOops,
 336                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.useCompressedClassPointers,
 337                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.compactFields,
 338                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.useTLAB,
 339                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.useBiasedLocking,
 340                                    TieredAOT.getValue(graalOptions),
 341                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.enableContended,
 342                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.restrictContended,
 343                                    graphBuilderConfig.omitAssertions(),
 344                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.threadLocalHandshakes
 345         };
 346 
 347         int[] intFlags         = { graalHotSpotVMConfig.getOopEncoding().getShift(),
 348                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.getKlassEncoding().getShift(),
 349                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.contendedPaddingWidth,
 350                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.fieldsAllocationStyle,
 351                                    1 << graalHotSpotVMConfig.logMinObjAlignment(),
 352                                    graalHotSpotVMConfig.codeSegmentSize,
 353                                    gc
 354         };
 355         // @formatter:on
 356         // @Checkstyle: resume
 357 
 358         byte[] booleanFlagsAsBytes = flagsToByteArray(booleanFlags);
 359         int size0 = configContainer.getByteStreamSize();
 360 
 361         // @formatter:off
 362         int computedSize = booleanFlagsAsBytes.length * Byte.BYTES    + // size of boolean flags
 363                            intFlags.length            * Integer.BYTES + // size of int flags
 364                            Integer.BYTES;                               // size of the "computedSize"
 365 
 366         configContainer.appendInt(computedSize).
 367                         appendInts(intFlags).
 368                         appendBytes(booleanFlagsAsBytes);
 369         // @formatter:on
 370 
 371         int size = configContainer.getByteStreamSize() - size0;
 372         assert size == computedSize;
 373     }
 374 
 375     private static byte[] flagsToByteArray(boolean[] flags) {
 376         byte[] byteArray = new byte[flags.length];
 377         for (int i = 0; i < flags.length; ++i) {
 378             byteArray[i] = boolToByte(flags[i]);
 379         }
 380         return byteArray;
 381     }
 382 
 383     private static byte boolToByte(boolean flag) {
 384         return (byte) (flag ? 1 : 0);
 385     }
 386 
 387     /**
 388      * Free some memory.
 389      */
 390     public void freeMemory() {
 391         offsetStringTable.clear();
 392         metaspaceNames.clear();
 393     }
 394 
 395     /*
 396      * Global symbol names in generated DSO corresponding to VM's symbols. VM needs to look up this
 397      * symbol in DSO and link it with VM's corresponding symbol: store VM's symbol address or value
 398      * in the named GOT cell.
 399      */
 400 
 401     public static String getCardTableAddressSymbolName() {
 402         return "_aot_card_table_address";
 403     }
 404 
 405     public static String getHeapTopAddressSymbolName() {
 406         return "_aot_heap_top_address";
 407     }
 408 
 409     public static String getHeapEndAddressSymbolName() {
 410         return "_aot_heap_end_address";
 411     }
 412 
 413     public static String getCrcTableAddressSymbolName() {
 414         return "_aot_stub_routines_crc_table_adr";
 415     }
 416 
 417     public static String getPollingPageSymbolName() {
 418         return "_aot_polling_page";
 419     }
 420 
 421     public static String getResolveStaticEntrySymbolName() {
 422         return "_resolve_static_entry";
 423     }
 424 
 425     public static String getResolveVirtualEntrySymbolName() {
 426         return "_resolve_virtual_entry";
 427     }
 428 
 429     public static String getResolveOptVirtualEntrySymbolName() {
 430         return "_resolve_opt_virtual_entry";
 431     }
 432 
 433     public static String getNarrowKlassBaseAddressSymbolName() {
 434         return "_aot_narrow_klass_base_address";
 435     }
 436 
 437     public static String getNarrowOopBaseAddressSymbolName() {
 438         return "_aot_narrow_oop_base_address";
 439     }
 440 
 441     public static String getLogOfHeapRegionGrainBytesSymbolName() {
 442         return "_aot_log_of_heap_region_grain_bytes";
 443     }
 444 
 445     public static String getInlineContiguousAllocationSupportedSymbolName() {
 446         return "_aot_inline_contiguous_allocation_supported";
 447     }
 448 
 449     public int getCodeSegmentSize() {
 450         return codeSegmentSize;
 451     }
 452 
 453     public int getCodeEntryAlignment() {
 454         return codeEntryAlignment;
 455     }
 456 
 457     public boolean getThreadLocalHandshakes() {
 458         return threadLocalHandshakes;
 459     }
 460 
 461     /**
 462      * Gets the global AOT symbol associated with the function name.
 463      *
 464      * @param functionName function name
 465      * @return AOT symbol for the given function name, or null if there is no mapping.
 466      */
 467     public static String getAOTSymbolForVMFunctionName(String functionName) {
 468         return functionNamesToAOTSymbols.get(functionName);
 469     }
 470 
 471     private void addGlobalSymbols() {
 472         // Create global symbols for all containers.
 473         createContainerSymbol(codeContainer);
 474         createContainerSymbol(configContainer);
 475         createContainerSymbol(methodsOffsetsContainer);
 476         createContainerSymbol(klassesOffsetsContainer);
 477         createContainerSymbol(klassesDependenciesContainer);
 478         createContainerSymbol(klassesGotContainer);
 479         createContainerSymbol(countersGotContainer);
 480         createContainerSymbol(metadataGotContainer);
 481         createContainerSymbol(methodStateContainer);
 482         createContainerSymbol(oopGotContainer);
 483         createContainerSymbol(metaspaceNamesContainer);
 484         createContainerSymbol(methodMetadataContainer);
 485         createContainerSymbol(stubsOffsetsContainer);
 486         createContainerSymbol(headerContainer.getContainer());
 487         createContainerSymbol(codeSegmentsContainer);
 488 
 489         createGotSymbol(getResolveStaticEntrySymbolName());
 490         createGotSymbol(getResolveVirtualEntrySymbolName());
 491         createGotSymbol(getResolveOptVirtualEntrySymbolName());
 492         createGotSymbol(getCardTableAddressSymbolName());
 493         createGotSymbol(getHeapTopAddressSymbolName());
 494         createGotSymbol(getHeapEndAddressSymbolName());
 495         createGotSymbol(getNarrowKlassBaseAddressSymbolName());
 496         createGotSymbol(getNarrowOopBaseAddressSymbolName());
 497         createGotSymbol(getPollingPageSymbolName());
 498         createGotSymbol(getLogOfHeapRegionGrainBytesSymbolName());
 499         createGotSymbol(getInlineContiguousAllocationSupportedSymbolName());
 500 
 501         for (HashMap.Entry<String, String> entry : functionNamesToAOTSymbols.entrySet()) {
 502             createGotSymbol(entry.getValue());
 503         }
 504     }
 505 
 506     /**
 507      * Creates a global symbol of the form {@code "A" + container name}. Note, linker on Windows
 508      * does not allow names which start with '.'
 509      *
 510      * @param container container to create a symbol for
 511      */
 512     private static void createContainerSymbol(ByteContainer container) {
 513         container.createSymbol(0, Kind.OBJECT, Binding.GLOBAL, 0, "A" + container.getContainerName());
 514     }
 515 
 516     /**
 517      * Creates a global GOT symbol of the form {@code "got." + name}.
 518      *
 519      * @param name name for the GOT symbol
 520      */
 521     private void createGotSymbol(String name) {
 522         String s = "got." + name;
 523         Symbol gotSymbol = extLinkageGOTContainer.createGotSymbol(s);
 524         extLinkageGOTContainer.createSymbol(gotSymbol.getOffset(), Kind.OBJECT, Binding.GLOBAL, 8, name);
 525     }
 526 
 527     /**
 528      * Create a platform-specific binary file representing the content of the
 529      * {@code BinaryContainer} object.
 530      *
 531      * This method is called after creating and performing any necessary changes to the contents of
 532      * code stream, symbol tables and relocation tables is completely finalized
 533      *
 534      * @param outputFileName name of output file
 535      *
 536      * @throws IOException in case of file creation failure
 537      */
 538     public void createBinary(String outputFileName) throws IOException {
 539         String osName = System.getProperty("os.name");
 540         switch (osName) {
 541             case "Linux":
 542             case "SunOS":
 543                 JELFRelocObject elfobj = JELFRelocObject.newInstance(this, outputFileName);
 544                 elfobj.createELFRelocObject(relocationTable, symbolTable.values());
 545                 break;
 546             case "Mac OS X":
 547                 JMachORelocObject machobj = new JMachORelocObject(this, outputFileName);
 548                 machobj.createMachORelocObject(relocationTable, symbolTable.values());
 549                 break;
 550             default:
 551                 if (osName.startsWith("Windows")) {
 552                     JPECoffRelocObject pecoffobj = new JPECoffRelocObject(this, outputFileName);
 553                     pecoffobj.createPECoffRelocObject(relocationTable, symbolTable.values());
 554                     break;
 555                 } else {
 556                     throw new InternalError("Unsupported platform: " + osName);
 557                 }
 558         }
 559     }
 560 
 561     /**
 562      * Add symbol to the symbol table. If the existing symbol is undefined and the specified symbol
 563      * is not undefined, replace the existing symbol information with that specified.
 564      *
 565      * @param symInfo symbol information to be added
 566      */
 567     @Override
 568     public void addSymbol(Symbol symInfo) {
 569         if (symInfo.getName().startsWith("got.") && !(symInfo instanceof GotSymbol)) {
 570             throw new InternalError("adding got. without being GotSymbol");
 571         }
 572         if (symbolTable.containsKey(symInfo.getName())) {
 573             throw new InternalError("Symbol: " + symInfo.getName() + " already exists in SymbolTable");
 574         } else {
 575             // System.out.println("# Symbol [" + name + "] [" + symInfo.getValue() + "] [" +
 576             // symInfo.getSection().getContainerName() + "] [" + symInfo.getSize() + "]");
 577             symbolTable.put(symInfo.getName(), symInfo);
 578         }
 579     }
 580 
 581     public boolean addStringOffset(String name, Integer offset) {
 582         offsetStringTable.put(name, offset);
 583         return true;
 584     }
 585 
 586     /**
 587      * Add relocation entry for {@code symName}. Multiple relocation entries for a given symbol may
 588      * exist.
 589      *
 590      * @param info relocation information to be added
 591      */
 592     public void addRelocation(Relocation info) {
 593         // System.out.println("# Relocation [" + info.getSymbol() + "] [" + info.getOffset() + "] ["
 594         // +
 595         // info.getSection().getContainerName() + "] [" + info.getSymbol().getName() + "] [" +
 596         // info.getSymbol().getOffset() + " @ " + info.getSymbol().getSection().getContainerName() +
 597         // "]");
 598         if (relocationTable.containsKey(info.getSymbol())) {
 599             relocationTable.get(info.getSymbol()).add(info);
 600         } else if (uniqueRelocationTable.containsKey(info.getSymbol())) {
 601             // promote
 602             ArrayList<Relocation> list = new ArrayList<>(2);
 603             list.add(uniqueRelocationTable.get(info.getSymbol()));
 604             list.add(info);
 605             relocationTable.put(info.getSymbol(), list);
 606             uniqueRelocationTable.remove(info.getSymbol());
 607         } else {
 608             uniqueRelocationTable.put(info.getSymbol(), info);
 609         }
 610     }
 611 
 612     /**
 613      * Get symbol with name {@code symName}.
 614      *
 615      * @param symName name of symbol for which symbol table information is being queried
 616      * @return success or failure of insertion operation
 617      */
 618     @Override
 619     public Symbol getSymbol(String symName) {
 620         return symbolTable.get(symName);
 621     }
 622 
 623     @Override
 624     public Symbol createSymbol(int offset, Kind kind, Binding binding, int size, String name) {
 625         if (kind != Kind.NATIVE_FUNCTION) {
 626             throw new UnsupportedOperationException("Must be external functions: " + name);
 627         }
 628         Symbol symbol = new Symbol(offset, kind, binding, null, size, name);
 629         addSymbol(symbol);
 630         return symbol;
 631     }
 632 
 633     /**
 634      * Get offset in got section with name {@code symName}.
 635      *
 636      * @param name for which String table information is being queried
 637      * @return success or failure of insertion operation
 638      */
 639     public Integer getStringOffset(String name) {
 640         return offsetStringTable.get(name);
 641     }
 642 
 643     /**
 644      * Insert {@code targetCode} to code stream with {@code size} at {@code offset}.
 645      *
 646      * @param targetCode byte array of native code
 647      * @param offset offset at which {@code targetCode} is to be inserted
 648      * @param size size of {@code targetCode}
 649      */
 650     private static void appendBytes(ByteContainer byteContainer, byte[] targetCode, int offset, int size) {
 651         byteContainer.appendBytes(targetCode, offset, size);
 652     }
 653 
 654     public void appendCodeBytes(byte[] targetCode, int offset, int size) {
 655         appendBytes(codeContainer, targetCode, offset, size);
 656     }
 657 
 658     public void appendIntToCode(int value) {
 659         codeContainer.appendInt(value);
 660     }
 661 
 662     public int appendExtLinkageGotBytes(byte[] bytes, int offset, int size) {
 663         int startOffset = extLinkageGOTContainer.getByteStreamSize();
 664         appendBytes(extLinkageGOTContainer, bytes, offset, size);
 665         return startOffset;
 666     }
 667 
 668     public void addMetadataGotEntry(int offset) {
 669         metadataGotContainer.appendLong(offset);
 670     }
 671 
 672     public int addMetaspaceName(String name) {
 673         Integer value = metaspaceNames.get(name);
 674         if (value != null) {
 675             return value.intValue();
 676         }
 677         // Get the current length of the stubsNameContainer
 678         // align on 8-byte boundary
 679         int nameOffset = alignUp(metaspaceNamesContainer, 8);
 680 
 681         try {
 682             // Add the name of the symbol to the .stubs.names section
 683             // Modify them to sequence of utf8 strings with length:
 684             // "<u2_size>Ljava/lang/ThreadGroup;<u2_size>addUnstarted<u2_size>()V"
 685             ByteArrayOutputStream bout = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 686             DataOutputStream out = new DataOutputStream(bout);
 687             int len = name.length();
 688             if (name.startsWith("Stub")) { // Stub
 689                 out.writeUTF(name);
 690             } else { // Method or Klass
 691                 int parenthesesIndex = name.lastIndexOf('(', len - 1);
 692                 if (parenthesesIndex > 0) {  // Method name
 693                     int dotIndex = name.lastIndexOf('.', parenthesesIndex - 1);
 694                     assert dotIndex > 0 : "method's full name should have '.' : " + name;
 695                     String klassName = name.substring(0, dotIndex);
 696                     out.writeUTF(klassName);
 697                     String methodName = name.substring(dotIndex + 1, parenthesesIndex);
 698                     out.writeUTF(methodName);
 699                     String signature = name.substring(parenthesesIndex, len);
 700                     out.writeUTF(signature);
 701                 } else {
 702                     out.writeUTF(name); // Klass
 703                 }
 704             }
 705             out.writeShort(0); // Terminate by 0.
 706             byte[] b = bout.toByteArray();
 707             metaspaceNamesContainer.appendBytes(b, 0, b.length);
 708 
 709             metaspaceNames.put(name, nameOffset);
 710             return nameOffset;
 711         } catch (IOException e) {
 712             throw new InternalError("Failed to append bytes to stubs sections", e);
 713         }
 714     }
 715 
 716     /**
 717      * Add oop symbol by as follows. Extend the oop.got section with another slot for the VM to
 718      * patch.
 719      *
 720      * @param oopName name of the oop symbol
 721      */
 722     public Integer addOopSymbol(String oopName) {
 723         Integer oopGotOffset = getStringOffset(oopName);
 724         if (oopGotOffset != null) {
 725             return oopGotOffset;
 726         }
 727         return newOopSymbol(oopName);
 728     }
 729 
 730     private Integer newOopSymbol(String oopName) {
 731         // Reference to String resolution (ldc).
 732         int offset = oopGotContainer.getByteStreamSize();
 733         String gotName = "got.ldc." + offset;
 734         Symbol relocationSymbol = oopGotContainer.createGotSymbol(gotName);
 735 
 736         if (offset != relocationSymbol.getOffset()) {
 737             throw new InternalError("offset must equal! (" + offset + " vs " + relocationSymbol.getOffset());
 738         }
 739 
 740         addStringOffset(oopName, relocationSymbol.getOffset());
 741         return relocationSymbol.getOffset();
 742     }
 743 
 744     public int addCountersSymbol(String metaspaceName) {
 745         String gotName = "got." + metaspaceName;
 746         Symbol relocationSymbol = getGotSymbol(gotName);
 747         int metaspaceOffset = -1;
 748         if (relocationSymbol == null) {
 749             // Add slots when asked in the .metaspace.got section:
 750             countersGotContainer.createGotSymbol(gotName);
 751         }
 752         return metaspaceOffset;
 753     }
 754 
 755     public Symbol getGotSymbol(String name) {
 756         assert name.startsWith("got.");
 757         return symbolTable.get(name);
 758     }
 759 
 760     /**
 761      * Add klass symbol by as follows. - Adding the symbol name to the metaspace.names section - Add
 762      * the offset of the name in metaspace.names to metaspace.offsets - Extend the klasses.got
 763      * section with another slot for the VM to patch
 764      *
 765      * @param klassName name of the metaspace symbol
 766      * @return the got offset in the klasses.got of the metaspace symbol
 767      */
 768     public int addTwoSlotKlassSymbol(String klassName) {
 769         String gotName = "got." + klassName;
 770         Symbol previous = getGotSymbol(gotName);
 771         assert previous == null : "should be called only once for: " + klassName;
 772         // Add slots when asked in the .metaspace.got section:
 773         // First slot
 774         String gotInitName = "got.init." + klassName;
 775         GotSymbol slot1Symbol = klassesGotContainer.createGotSymbol(gotInitName);
 776         GotSymbol slot2Symbol = klassesGotContainer.createGotSymbol(gotName);
 777 
 778         slot1Symbol.getIndex(); // check alignment and ignore result
 779         // Get the index (offset/8) to the got in the .metaspace.got section
 780         return slot2Symbol.getIndex();
 781     }
 782 
 783     public static int addMethodsCount(int count, ReadOnlyDataContainer container) {
 784         return appendInt(count, container);
 785     }
 786 
 787     private static int appendInt(int count, ReadOnlyDataContainer container) {
 788         int offset = container.getByteStreamSize();
 789         container.appendInt(count);
 790         return offset;
 791     }
 792 
 793     /**
 794      * Add constant data as follows. - Adding the data to the meth.constdata section
 795      *
 796      * @param data
 797      * @param alignment
 798      * @return the offset in the meth.constdata of the data
 799      */
 800     public int addConstantData(byte[] data, int alignment) {
 801         // Get the current length of the metaspaceNameContainer
 802         int constantDataOffset = alignUp(constantDataContainer, alignment);
 803         constantDataContainer.appendBytes(data, 0, data.length);
 804         alignUp(constantDataContainer, alignment); // Post alignment
 805         return constantDataOffset;
 806     }
 807 
 808     public static int alignUp(ByteContainer container, int alignment) {
 809         if (Integer.bitCount(alignment) != 1) {
 810             throw new IllegalArgumentException("Must be a power of 2");
 811         }
 812         int offset = container.getByteStreamSize();
 813         int aligned = (offset + (alignment - 1)) & -alignment;
 814         if (aligned < offset || (aligned & (alignment - 1)) != 0) {
 815             throw new RuntimeException("Error aligning: " + offset + " -> " + aligned);
 816         }
 817         if (aligned != offset) {
 818             int nullArraySz = aligned - offset;
 819             byte[] nullArray = new byte[nullArraySz];
 820             container.appendBytes(nullArray, 0, nullArraySz);
 821             offset = aligned;
 822         }
 823         return offset;
 824     }
 825 
 826     public void addCodeSegments(int start, int end) {
 827         assert (start % codeSegmentSize) == 0 : "not aligned code";
 828         int currentOffset = codeSegmentsContainer.getByteStreamSize();
 829         int offset = start / codeSegmentSize;
 830         int emptySize = offset - currentOffset;
 831         // add empty segments if needed
 832         if (emptySize > 0) {
 833             byte[] emptyArray = new byte[emptySize];
 834             for (int i = 0; i < emptySize; i++) {
 835                 emptyArray[i] = (byte) 0xff;
 836             }
 837             appendBytes(codeSegmentsContainer, emptyArray, 0, emptySize);
 838         }
 839         int alignedEnd = (end + (codeSegmentSize - 1)) & -codeSegmentSize;
 840         int segmentsCount = (alignedEnd / codeSegmentSize) - offset;
 841         byte[] segments = new byte[segmentsCount];
 842         int idx = 0;
 843         for (int i = 0; i < segmentsCount; i++) {
 844             segments[i] = (byte) idx;
 845             idx = (idx == 0xfe) ? 1 : (idx + 1);
 846         }
 847         appendBytes(codeSegmentsContainer, segments, 0, segmentsCount);
 848     }
 849 
 850     public ByteContainer getExtLinkageGOTContainer() {
 851         return extLinkageGOTContainer;
 852     }
 853 
 854     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getMethodMetadataContainer() {
 855         return methodMetadataContainer;
 856     }
 857 
 858     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getMetaspaceNamesContainer() {
 859         return metaspaceNamesContainer;
 860     }
 861 
 862     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getMethodsOffsetsContainer() {
 863         return methodsOffsetsContainer;
 864     }
 865 
 866     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getKlassesOffsetsContainer() {
 867         return klassesOffsetsContainer;
 868     }
 869 
 870     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getKlassesDependenciesContainer() {
 871         return klassesDependenciesContainer;
 872     }
 873 
 874     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getStubsOffsetsContainer() {
 875         return stubsOffsetsContainer;
 876     }
 877 
 878     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getCodeSegmentsContainer() {
 879         return codeSegmentsContainer;
 880     }
 881 
 882     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getConstantDataContainer() {
 883         return constantDataContainer;
 884     }
 885 
 886     public ByteContainer getKlassesGotContainer() {
 887         return klassesGotContainer;
 888     }
 889 
 890     public ByteContainer getCountersGotContainer() {
 891         return countersGotContainer;
 892     }
 893 
 894     public ByteContainer getMetadataGotContainer() {
 895         return metadataGotContainer;
 896     }
 897 
 898     public ByteContainer getMethodStateContainer() {
 899         return methodStateContainer;
 900     }
 901 
 902     public ByteContainer getOopGotContainer() {
 903         return oopGotContainer;
 904     }
 905 
 906     public CodeContainer getCodeContainer() {
 907         return codeContainer;
 908     }
 909 
 910     public ReadOnlyDataContainer getConfigContainer() {
 911         return configContainer;
 912     }
 913 
 914     public Map<Symbol, Relocation> getUniqueRelocationTable() {
 915         return uniqueRelocationTable;
 916     }
 917 
 918     public HeaderContainer getHeaderContainer() {
 919         return headerContainer;
 920     }
 921 
 922 }