1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2011, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 
  25 package org.graalvm.compiler.replacements;
  26 
  27 import static jdk.vm.ci.code.MemoryBarriers.JMM_POST_VOLATILE_READ;
  28 import static jdk.vm.ci.code.MemoryBarriers.JMM_POST_VOLATILE_WRITE;
  29 import static jdk.vm.ci.code.MemoryBarriers.JMM_PRE_VOLATILE_READ;
  30 import static jdk.vm.ci.code.MemoryBarriers.JMM_PRE_VOLATILE_WRITE;
  31 import static jdk.vm.ci.meta.DeoptimizationAction.InvalidateReprofile;
  32 import static jdk.vm.ci.meta.DeoptimizationReason.BoundsCheckException;
  33 import static jdk.vm.ci.meta.DeoptimizationReason.NullCheckException;
  34 import static org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.SpeculativeExecutionAttacksMitigations.Options.UseIndexMasking;
  35 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.NamedLocationIdentity.ARRAY_LENGTH_LOCATION;
  36 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.BinaryArithmeticNode.branchlessMax;
  37 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.BinaryArithmeticNode.branchlessMin;
  38 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.ArrayLengthNode.readArrayLength;
  39 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.util.GraphUtil.skipPiWhileNonNull;
  40 
  41 import java.nio.ByteOrder;
  42 import java.util.ArrayList;
  43 import java.util.BitSet;
  44 import java.util.List;
  45 
  46 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.directives.GraalDirectives;
  47 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.replacements.Snippet;
  48 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.replacements.SnippetReflectionProvider;
  49 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.LIRKind;
  50 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.spi.ForeignCallsProvider;
  51 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.type.IntegerStamp;
  52 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.type.ObjectStamp;
  53 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.type.Stamp;
  54 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.type.StampFactory;
  55 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.type.TypeReference;
  56 import org.graalvm.compiler.debug.DebugCloseable;
  57 import org.graalvm.compiler.debug.DebugHandlersFactory;
  58 import org.graalvm.compiler.debug.GraalError;
  59 import org.graalvm.compiler.graph.Node;
  60 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodeinfo.InputType;
  61 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.CompressionNode.CompressionOp;
  62 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.ConstantNode;
  63 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.FieldLocationIdentity;
  64 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.FixedNode;
  65 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.LogicNode;
  66 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.NamedLocationIdentity;
  67 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.NodeView;
  68 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.PiNode;
  69 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.StructuredGraph;
  70 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.ValueNode;
  71 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.AddNode;
  72 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.ConditionalNode;
  73 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.IntegerBelowNode;
  74 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.IntegerConvertNode;
  75 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.IntegerEqualsNode;
  76 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.IsNullNode;
  77 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.LeftShiftNode;
  78 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.NarrowNode;
  79 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.RightShiftNode;
  80 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.SignExtendNode;
  81 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.SubNode;
  82 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.UnpackEndianHalfNode;
  83 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.calc.ZeroExtendNode;
  84 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.debug.VerifyHeapNode;
  85 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.BoxNode;
  86 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.FixedValueAnchorNode;
  87 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.ForeignCallNode;
  88 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.GuardedUnsafeLoadNode;
  89 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.GuardingNode;
  90 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.JavaReadNode;
  91 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.JavaWriteNode;
  92 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.LoadArrayComponentHubNode;
  93 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.LoadHubNode;
  94 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.MembarNode;
  95 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.RawLoadNode;
  96 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.RawStoreNode;
  97 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.UnboxNode;
  98 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.UnsafeMemoryLoadNode;
  99 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.UnsafeMemoryStoreNode;
 100 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.AbstractNewObjectNode;
 101 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.AccessIndexedNode;
 102 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.ArrayLengthNode;
 103 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.AtomicReadAndWriteNode;
 104 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.FinalFieldBarrierNode;
 105 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.InstanceOfDynamicNode;
 106 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.InstanceOfNode;
 107 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.LoadFieldNode;
 108 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.LoadIndexedNode;
 109 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.LogicCompareAndSwapNode;
 110 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.LoweredAtomicReadAndWriteNode;
 111 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.MonitorEnterNode;
 112 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.MonitorIdNode;
 113 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.NewArrayNode;
 114 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.NewInstanceNode;
 115 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.RawMonitorEnterNode;
 116 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.StoreFieldNode;
 117 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.StoreIndexedNode;
 118 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.UnsafeCompareAndExchangeNode;
 119 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.UnsafeCompareAndSwapNode;
 120 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.ValueCompareAndSwapNode;
 121 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.memory.HeapAccess.BarrierType;
 122 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.memory.ReadNode;
 123 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.memory.WriteNode;
 124 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.memory.address.AddressNode;
 125 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.memory.address.IndexAddressNode;
 126 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.memory.address.OffsetAddressNode;
 127 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.spi.Lowerable;
 128 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.spi.LoweringProvider;
 129 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.spi.LoweringTool;
 130 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.type.StampTool;
 131 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.util.GraphUtil;
 132 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.virtual.AllocatedObjectNode;
 133 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.virtual.CommitAllocationNode;
 134 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.virtual.VirtualArrayNode;
 135 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.virtual.VirtualInstanceNode;
 136 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.virtual.VirtualObjectNode;
 137 import org.graalvm.compiler.options.OptionValues;
 138 import org.graalvm.compiler.phases.util.Providers;
 139 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetLowerableMemoryNode.SnippetLowering;
 140 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.nodes.BinaryMathIntrinsicNode;
 141 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.nodes.UnaryMathIntrinsicNode;
 142 import jdk.internal.vm.compiler.word.LocationIdentity;
 143 
 144 import jdk.vm.ci.code.CodeUtil;
 145 import jdk.vm.ci.code.MemoryBarriers;
 146 import jdk.vm.ci.code.TargetDescription;
 147 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.DeoptimizationAction;
 148 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.DeoptimizationReason;
 149 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.JavaKind;
 150 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.MetaAccessProvider;
 151 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.ResolvedJavaField;
 152 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.ResolvedJavaMethod;
 153 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.ResolvedJavaType;
 154 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.SpeculationLog;
 155 
 156 /**
 157  * VM-independent lowerings for standard Java nodes. VM-specific methods are abstract and must be
 158  * implemented by VM-specific subclasses.
 159  */
 160 public abstract class DefaultJavaLoweringProvider implements LoweringProvider {
 161 
 162     protected final MetaAccessProvider metaAccess;
 163     protected final ForeignCallsProvider foreignCalls;
 164     protected final TargetDescription target;
 165     private final boolean useCompressedOops;
 166     private final ResolvedJavaType objectArrayType;
 167 
 168     private BoxingSnippets.Templates boxingSnippets;
 169     private ConstantStringIndexOfSnippets.Templates indexOfSnippets;
 170 
 171     public DefaultJavaLoweringProvider(MetaAccessProvider metaAccess, ForeignCallsProvider foreignCalls, TargetDescription target, boolean useCompressedOops) {
 172         this.metaAccess = metaAccess;
 173         this.foreignCalls = foreignCalls;
 174         this.target = target;
 175         this.useCompressedOops = useCompressedOops;
 176         this.objectArrayType = metaAccess.lookupJavaType(Object[].class);
 177     }
 178 
 179     public void initialize(OptionValues options, Iterable<DebugHandlersFactory> factories, SnippetCounter.Group.Factory factory, Providers providers, SnippetReflectionProvider snippetReflection) {
 180         boxingSnippets = new BoxingSnippets.Templates(options, factories, factory, providers, snippetReflection, target);
 181         indexOfSnippets = new ConstantStringIndexOfSnippets.Templates(options, factories, providers, snippetReflection, target);
 182         providers.getReplacements().registerSnippetTemplateCache(new SnippetCounterNode.SnippetCounterSnippets.Templates(options, factories, providers, snippetReflection, target));
 183     }
 184 
 185     public final TargetDescription getTarget() {
 186         return target;
 187     }
 188 
 189     public MetaAccessProvider getMetaAccess() {
 190         return metaAccess;
 191     }
 192 
 193     @Override
 194     @SuppressWarnings("try")
 195     public void lower(Node n, LoweringTool tool) {
 196         assert n instanceof Lowerable;
 197         StructuredGraph graph = (StructuredGraph) n.graph();
 198         try (DebugCloseable context = n.withNodeSourcePosition()) {
 199             if (n instanceof LoadFieldNode) {
 200                 lowerLoadFieldNode((LoadFieldNode) n, tool);
 201             } else if (n instanceof StoreFieldNode) {
 202                 lowerStoreFieldNode((StoreFieldNode) n, tool);
 203             } else if (n instanceof LoadIndexedNode) {
 204                 lowerLoadIndexedNode((LoadIndexedNode) n, tool);
 205             } else if (n instanceof StoreIndexedNode) {
 206                 lowerStoreIndexedNode((StoreIndexedNode) n, tool);
 207             } else if (n instanceof IndexAddressNode) {
 208                 lowerIndexAddressNode((IndexAddressNode) n);
 209             } else if (n instanceof ArrayLengthNode) {
 210                 lowerArrayLengthNode((ArrayLengthNode) n, tool);
 211             } else if (n instanceof LoadHubNode) {
 212                 lowerLoadHubNode((LoadHubNode) n, tool);
 213             } else if (n instanceof LoadArrayComponentHubNode) {
 214                 lowerLoadArrayComponentHubNode((LoadArrayComponentHubNode) n);
 215             } else if (n instanceof MonitorEnterNode) {
 216                 lowerMonitorEnterNode((MonitorEnterNode) n, tool, graph);
 217             } else if (n instanceof UnsafeCompareAndSwapNode) {
 218                 lowerCompareAndSwapNode((UnsafeCompareAndSwapNode) n);
 219             } else if (n instanceof UnsafeCompareAndExchangeNode) {
 220                 lowerCompareAndExchangeNode((UnsafeCompareAndExchangeNode) n);
 221             } else if (n instanceof AtomicReadAndWriteNode) {
 222                 lowerAtomicReadAndWriteNode((AtomicReadAndWriteNode) n);
 223             } else if (n instanceof RawLoadNode) {
 224                 lowerUnsafeLoadNode((RawLoadNode) n, tool);
 225             } else if (n instanceof UnsafeMemoryLoadNode) {
 226                 lowerUnsafeMemoryLoadNode((UnsafeMemoryLoadNode) n);
 227             } else if (n instanceof RawStoreNode) {
 228                 lowerUnsafeStoreNode((RawStoreNode) n);
 229             } else if (n instanceof UnsafeMemoryStoreNode) {
 230                 lowerUnsafeMemoryStoreNode((UnsafeMemoryStoreNode) n);
 231             } else if (n instanceof JavaReadNode) {
 232                 lowerJavaReadNode((JavaReadNode) n);
 233             } else if (n instanceof JavaWriteNode) {
 234                 lowerJavaWriteNode((JavaWriteNode) n);
 235             } else if (n instanceof CommitAllocationNode) {
 236                 lowerCommitAllocationNode((CommitAllocationNode) n, tool);
 237             } else if (n instanceof BoxNode) {
 238                 boxingSnippets.lower((BoxNode) n, tool);
 239             } else if (n instanceof UnboxNode) {
 240                 boxingSnippets.lower((UnboxNode) n, tool);
 241             } else if (n instanceof VerifyHeapNode) {
 242                 lowerVerifyHeap((VerifyHeapNode) n);
 243             } else if (n instanceof UnaryMathIntrinsicNode) {
 244                 lowerUnaryMath((UnaryMathIntrinsicNode) n, tool);
 245             } else if (n instanceof BinaryMathIntrinsicNode) {
 246                 lowerBinaryMath((BinaryMathIntrinsicNode) n, tool);
 247             } else if (n instanceof StringIndexOfNode) {
 248                 lowerIndexOf((StringIndexOfNode) n);
 249             } else if (n instanceof StringLatin1IndexOfNode) {
 250                 lowerLatin1IndexOf((StringLatin1IndexOfNode) n);
 251             } else if (n instanceof StringUTF16IndexOfNode) {
 252                 lowerUTF16IndexOf((StringUTF16IndexOfNode) n);
 253             } else if (n instanceof UnpackEndianHalfNode) {
 254                 lowerSecondHalf((UnpackEndianHalfNode) n);
 255             } else {
 256                 throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere("Node implementing Lowerable not handled: " + n);
 257             }
 258         }
 259     }
 260 
 261     private void lowerSecondHalf(UnpackEndianHalfNode n) {
 262         ByteOrder byteOrder = target.arch.getByteOrder();
 263         n.lower(byteOrder);
 264     }
 265 
 266     private void lowerIndexOf(StringIndexOfNode n) {
 267         if (n.getArgument(3).isConstant()) {
 268             SnippetLowering lowering = new SnippetLowering() {
 269                 @Override
 270                 public void lower(SnippetLowerableMemoryNode node, LoweringTool tool) {
 271                     if (tool.getLoweringStage() != LoweringTool.StandardLoweringStage.LOW_TIER) {
 272                         return;
 273                     }
 274                     indexOfSnippets.lower(node, tool);
 275                 }
 276             };
 277             SnippetLowerableMemoryNode snippetLower = new SnippetLowerableMemoryNode(lowering, NamedLocationIdentity.getArrayLocation(JavaKind.Char), n.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), n.toArgumentArray());
 278             n.graph().add(snippetLower);
 279             n.graph().replaceFixedWithFixed(n, snippetLower);
 280         }
 281     }
 282 
 283     private void lowerLatin1IndexOf(StringLatin1IndexOfNode n) {
 284         if (n.getArgument(2).isConstant()) {
 285             SnippetLowering lowering = new SnippetLowering() {
 286                 @Override
 287                 public void lower(SnippetLowerableMemoryNode node, LoweringTool tool) {
 288                     if (tool.getLoweringStage() != LoweringTool.StandardLoweringStage.LOW_TIER) {
 289                         return;
 290                     }
 291                     indexOfSnippets.lowerLatin1(node, tool);
 292                 }
 293             };
 294             SnippetLowerableMemoryNode snippetLower = new SnippetLowerableMemoryNode(lowering, NamedLocationIdentity.getArrayLocation(JavaKind.Byte), n.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), n.toArgumentArray());
 295             n.graph().add(snippetLower);
 296             n.graph().replaceFixedWithFixed(n, snippetLower);
 297         }
 298     }
 299 
 300     private void lowerUTF16IndexOf(StringUTF16IndexOfNode n) {
 301         if (n.getArgument(2).isConstant()) {
 302             SnippetLowering lowering = new SnippetLowering() {
 303                 @Override
 304                 public void lower(SnippetLowerableMemoryNode node, LoweringTool tool) {
 305                     if (tool.getLoweringStage() != LoweringTool.StandardLoweringStage.LOW_TIER) {
 306                         return;
 307                     }
 308                     indexOfSnippets.lowerUTF16(node, tool);
 309                 }
 310             };
 311             SnippetLowerableMemoryNode snippetLower = new SnippetLowerableMemoryNode(lowering, NamedLocationIdentity.getArrayLocation(JavaKind.Byte), n.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), n.toArgumentArray());
 312             n.graph().add(snippetLower);
 313             n.graph().replaceFixedWithFixed(n, snippetLower);
 314         }
 315     }
 316 
 317     private void lowerBinaryMath(BinaryMathIntrinsicNode math, LoweringTool tool) {
 318         if (tool.getLoweringStage() == LoweringTool.StandardLoweringStage.HIGH_TIER) {
 319             return;
 320         }
 321         ResolvedJavaMethod method = math.graph().method();
 322         if (method != null) {
 323             if (method.getAnnotation(Snippet.class) != null) {
 324                 // In the context of SnippetStub, i.e., Graal-generated stubs, use the LIR
 325                 // lowering to emit the stub assembly code instead of the Node lowering.
 326                 return;
 327             }
 328             if (method.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(math.getOperation().name()) && tool.getMetaAccess().lookupJavaType(Math.class).equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
 329                 // A root compilation of the intrinsic method should emit the full assembly
 330                 // implementation.
 331                 return;
 332             }
 333         }
 334         StructuredGraph graph = math.graph();
 335         ForeignCallNode call = graph.add(new ForeignCallNode(foreignCalls, math.getOperation().foreignCallDescriptor, math.getX(), math.getY()));
 336         graph.addAfterFixed(tool.lastFixedNode(), call);
 337         math.replaceAtUsages(call);
 338     }
 339 
 340     private void lowerUnaryMath(UnaryMathIntrinsicNode math, LoweringTool tool) {
 341         if (tool.getLoweringStage() == LoweringTool.StandardLoweringStage.HIGH_TIER) {
 342             return;
 343         }
 344         ResolvedJavaMethod method = math.graph().method();
 345         if (method != null) {
 346             if (method.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(math.getOperation().name()) && tool.getMetaAccess().lookupJavaType(Math.class).equals(method.getDeclaringClass())) {
 347                 // A root compilation of the intrinsic method should emit the full assembly
 348                 // implementation.
 349                 return;
 350             }
 351         }
 352         StructuredGraph graph = math.graph();
 353         ForeignCallNode call = math.graph().add(new ForeignCallNode(foreignCalls, math.getOperation().foreignCallDescriptor, math.getValue()));
 354         graph.addAfterFixed(tool.lastFixedNode(), call);
 355         math.replaceAtUsages(call);
 356     }
 357 
 358     protected void lowerVerifyHeap(VerifyHeapNode n) {
 359         GraphUtil.removeFixedWithUnusedInputs(n);
 360     }
 361 
 362     protected AddressNode createOffsetAddress(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode object, long offset) {
 363         ValueNode o = ConstantNode.forIntegerKind(target.wordJavaKind, offset, graph);
 364         return graph.unique(new OffsetAddressNode(object, o));
 365     }
 366 
 367     protected AddressNode createFieldAddress(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode object, ResolvedJavaField field) {
 368         int offset = fieldOffset(field);
 369         if (offset >= 0) {
 370             return createOffsetAddress(graph, object, offset);
 371         } else {
 372             return null;
 373         }
 374     }
 375 
 376     protected abstract JavaKind getStorageKind(ResolvedJavaField field);
 377 
 378     protected void lowerLoadFieldNode(LoadFieldNode loadField, LoweringTool tool) {
 379         assert loadField.getStackKind() != JavaKind.Illegal;
 380         StructuredGraph graph = loadField.graph();
 381         ResolvedJavaField field = loadField.field();
 382         ValueNode object = loadField.isStatic() ? staticFieldBase(graph, field) : loadField.object();
 383         object = createNullCheckedValue(object, loadField, tool);
 384         Stamp loadStamp = loadStamp(loadField.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), getStorageKind(field));
 385 
 386         AddressNode address = createFieldAddress(graph, object, field);
 387         assert address != null : "Field that is loaded must not be eliminated: " + field.getDeclaringClass().toJavaName(true) + "." + field.getName();
 388 
 389         ReadNode memoryRead = graph.add(new ReadNode(address, fieldLocationIdentity(field), loadStamp, fieldLoadBarrierType(field)));
 390         ValueNode readValue = implicitLoadConvert(graph, getStorageKind(field), memoryRead);
 391         loadField.replaceAtUsages(readValue);
 392         graph.replaceFixed(loadField, memoryRead);
 393 
 394         if (loadField.isVolatile()) {
 395             MembarNode preMembar = graph.add(new MembarNode(JMM_PRE_VOLATILE_READ));
 396             graph.addBeforeFixed(memoryRead, preMembar);
 397             MembarNode postMembar = graph.add(new MembarNode(JMM_POST_VOLATILE_READ));
 398             graph.addAfterFixed(memoryRead, postMembar);
 399         }
 400     }
 401 
 402     protected void lowerStoreFieldNode(StoreFieldNode storeField, LoweringTool tool) {
 403         StructuredGraph graph = storeField.graph();
 404         ResolvedJavaField field = storeField.field();
 405         ValueNode object = storeField.isStatic() ? staticFieldBase(graph, field) : storeField.object();
 406         object = createNullCheckedValue(object, storeField, tool);
 407         ValueNode value = implicitStoreConvert(graph, getStorageKind(storeField.field()), storeField.value());
 408         AddressNode address = createFieldAddress(graph, object, field);
 409         assert address != null;
 410 
 411         WriteNode memoryWrite = graph.add(new WriteNode(address, fieldLocationIdentity(field), value, fieldStoreBarrierType(storeField.field())));
 412         memoryWrite.setStateAfter(storeField.stateAfter());
 413         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(storeField, memoryWrite);
 414 
 415         if (storeField.isVolatile()) {
 416             MembarNode preMembar = graph.add(new MembarNode(JMM_PRE_VOLATILE_WRITE));
 417             graph.addBeforeFixed(memoryWrite, preMembar);
 418             MembarNode postMembar = graph.add(new MembarNode(JMM_POST_VOLATILE_WRITE));
 419             graph.addAfterFixed(memoryWrite, postMembar);
 420         }
 421     }
 422 
 423     public static final IntegerStamp POSITIVE_ARRAY_INDEX_STAMP = StampFactory.forInteger(32, 0, Integer.MAX_VALUE - 1);
 424 
 425     /**
 426      * Create a PiNode on the index proving that the index is positive. On some platforms this is
 427      * important to allow the index to be used as an int in the address mode.
 428      */
 429     public AddressNode createArrayIndexAddress(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode array, JavaKind elementKind, ValueNode index, GuardingNode boundsCheck) {
 430         ValueNode positiveIndex = graph.maybeAddOrUnique(PiNode.create(index, POSITIVE_ARRAY_INDEX_STAMP, boundsCheck != null ? boundsCheck.asNode() : null));
 431         return createArrayAddress(graph, array, elementKind, positiveIndex);
 432     }
 433 
 434     public AddressNode createArrayAddress(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode array, JavaKind elementKind, ValueNode index) {
 435         return createArrayAddress(graph, array, elementKind, elementKind, index);
 436     }
 437 
 438     public AddressNode createArrayAddress(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode array, JavaKind arrayKind, JavaKind elementKind, ValueNode index) {
 439         ValueNode wordIndex;
 440         if (target.wordSize > 4) {
 441             wordIndex = graph.unique(new SignExtendNode(index, target.wordSize * 8));
 442         } else {
 443             assert target.wordSize == 4 : "unsupported word size";
 444             wordIndex = index;
 445         }
 446 
 447         int shift = CodeUtil.log2(metaAccess.getArrayIndexScale(elementKind));
 448         ValueNode scaledIndex = graph.unique(new LeftShiftNode(wordIndex, ConstantNode.forInt(shift, graph)));
 449 
 450         int base = metaAccess.getArrayBaseOffset(arrayKind);
 451         ValueNode offset = graph.unique(new AddNode(scaledIndex, ConstantNode.forIntegerKind(target.wordJavaKind, base, graph)));
 452 
 453         return graph.unique(new OffsetAddressNode(array, offset));
 454     }
 455 
 456     protected void lowerIndexAddressNode(IndexAddressNode indexAddress) {
 457         AddressNode lowered = createArrayAddress(indexAddress.graph(), indexAddress.getArray(), indexAddress.getArrayKind(), indexAddress.getElementKind(), indexAddress.getIndex());
 458         indexAddress.replaceAndDelete(lowered);
 459     }
 460 
 461     protected void lowerLoadIndexedNode(LoadIndexedNode loadIndexed, LoweringTool tool) {
 462         StructuredGraph graph = loadIndexed.graph();
 463         ValueNode array = loadIndexed.array();
 464         array = createNullCheckedValue(array, loadIndexed, tool);
 465         JavaKind elementKind = loadIndexed.elementKind();
 466         Stamp loadStamp = loadStamp(loadIndexed.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), elementKind);
 467 
 468         GuardingNode boundsCheck = getBoundsCheck(loadIndexed, array, tool);
 469         ValueNode index = loadIndexed.index();
 470         if (UseIndexMasking.getValue(graph.getOptions())) {
 471             index = proxyIndex(loadIndexed, index, array, tool);
 472         }
 473         AddressNode address = createArrayIndexAddress(graph, array, elementKind, index, boundsCheck);
 474 
 475         ReadNode memoryRead = graph.add(new ReadNode(address, NamedLocationIdentity.getArrayLocation(elementKind), loadStamp, BarrierType.NONE));
 476         memoryRead.setGuard(boundsCheck);
 477         ValueNode readValue = implicitLoadConvert(graph, elementKind, memoryRead);
 478 
 479         loadIndexed.replaceAtUsages(readValue);
 480         graph.replaceFixed(loadIndexed, memoryRead);
 481     }
 482 
 483     protected void lowerStoreIndexedNode(StoreIndexedNode storeIndexed, LoweringTool tool) {
 484         StructuredGraph graph = storeIndexed.graph();
 485 
 486         ValueNode value = storeIndexed.value();
 487         ValueNode array = storeIndexed.array();
 488 
 489         array = this.createNullCheckedValue(array, storeIndexed, tool);
 490 
 491         GuardingNode boundsCheck = getBoundsCheck(storeIndexed, array, tool);
 492 
 493         JavaKind elementKind = storeIndexed.elementKind();
 494 
 495         LogicNode condition = null;
 496         if (storeIndexed.getStoreCheck() == null && elementKind == JavaKind.Object && !StampTool.isPointerAlwaysNull(value)) {
 497             /* Array store check. */
 498             TypeReference arrayType = StampTool.typeReferenceOrNull(array);
 499             if (arrayType != null && arrayType.isExact()) {
 500                 ResolvedJavaType elementType = arrayType.getType().getComponentType();
 501                 if (!elementType.isJavaLangObject()) {
 502                     TypeReference typeReference = TypeReference.createTrusted(storeIndexed.graph().getAssumptions(), elementType);
 503                     LogicNode typeTest = graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(InstanceOfNode.create(typeReference, value));
 504                     condition = LogicNode.or(graph.unique(IsNullNode.create(value)), typeTest, GraalDirectives.UNLIKELY_PROBABILITY);
 505                 }
 506             } else {
 507                 /*
 508                  * The guard on the read hub should be the null check of the array that was
 509                  * introduced earlier.
 510                  */
 511                 ValueNode arrayClass = createReadHub(graph, array, tool);
 512                 ValueNode componentHub = createReadArrayComponentHub(graph, arrayClass, storeIndexed);
 513                 LogicNode typeTest = graph.unique(InstanceOfDynamicNode.create(graph.getAssumptions(), tool.getConstantReflection(), componentHub, value, false));
 514                 condition = LogicNode.or(graph.unique(IsNullNode.create(value)), typeTest, GraalDirectives.UNLIKELY_PROBABILITY);
 515             }
 516         }
 517 
 518         AddressNode address = createArrayIndexAddress(graph, array, elementKind, storeIndexed.index(), boundsCheck);
 519         WriteNode memoryWrite = graph.add(new WriteNode(address, NamedLocationIdentity.getArrayLocation(elementKind), implicitStoreConvert(graph, elementKind, value),
 520                         arrayStoreBarrierType(storeIndexed.elementKind())));
 521         memoryWrite.setGuard(boundsCheck);
 522         if (condition != null) {
 523             tool.createGuard(storeIndexed, condition, DeoptimizationReason.ArrayStoreException, DeoptimizationAction.InvalidateReprofile);
 524         }
 525         memoryWrite.setStateAfter(storeIndexed.stateAfter());
 526         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(storeIndexed, memoryWrite);
 527     }
 528 
 529     protected void lowerArrayLengthNode(ArrayLengthNode arrayLengthNode, LoweringTool tool) {
 530         arrayLengthNode.replaceAtUsages(createReadArrayLength(arrayLengthNode.array(), arrayLengthNode, tool));
 531         StructuredGraph graph = arrayLengthNode.graph();
 532         graph.removeFixed(arrayLengthNode);
 533     }
 534 
 535     /**
 536      * Creates a read node that read the array length and is guarded by a null-check.
 537      *
 538      * The created node is placed before {@code before} in the CFG.
 539      */
 540     protected ReadNode createReadArrayLength(ValueNode array, FixedNode before, LoweringTool tool) {
 541         StructuredGraph graph = array.graph();
 542         ValueNode canonicalArray = this.createNullCheckedValue(skipPiWhileNonNull(array), before, tool);
 543         AddressNode address = createOffsetAddress(graph, canonicalArray, arrayLengthOffset());
 544         ReadNode readArrayLength = graph.add(new ReadNode(address, ARRAY_LENGTH_LOCATION, StampFactory.positiveInt(), BarrierType.NONE));
 545         graph.addBeforeFixed(before, readArrayLength);
 546         return readArrayLength;
 547     }
 548 
 549     protected void lowerLoadHubNode(LoadHubNode loadHub, LoweringTool tool) {
 550         StructuredGraph graph = loadHub.graph();
 551         if (tool.getLoweringStage() != LoweringTool.StandardLoweringStage.LOW_TIER) {
 552             return;
 553         }
 554         if (graph.getGuardsStage().allowsFloatingGuards()) {
 555             return;
 556         }
 557         ValueNode hub = createReadHub(graph, loadHub.getValue(), tool);
 558         loadHub.replaceAtUsagesAndDelete(hub);
 559     }
 560 
 561     protected void lowerLoadArrayComponentHubNode(LoadArrayComponentHubNode loadHub) {
 562         StructuredGraph graph = loadHub.graph();
 563         ValueNode hub = createReadArrayComponentHub(graph, loadHub.getValue(), loadHub);
 564         graph.replaceFixed(loadHub, hub);
 565     }
 566 
 567     protected void lowerMonitorEnterNode(MonitorEnterNode monitorEnter, LoweringTool tool, StructuredGraph graph) {
 568         ValueNode object = createNullCheckedValue(monitorEnter.object(), monitorEnter, tool);
 569         ValueNode hub = graph.addOrUnique(LoadHubNode.create(object, tool.getStampProvider(), tool.getMetaAccess(), tool.getConstantReflection()));
 570         RawMonitorEnterNode rawMonitorEnter = graph.add(new RawMonitorEnterNode(object, hub, monitorEnter.getMonitorId()));
 571         rawMonitorEnter.setStateBefore(monitorEnter.stateBefore());
 572         rawMonitorEnter.setStateAfter(monitorEnter.stateAfter());
 573         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(monitorEnter, rawMonitorEnter);
 574     }
 575 
 576     protected void lowerCompareAndSwapNode(UnsafeCompareAndSwapNode cas) {
 577         StructuredGraph graph = cas.graph();
 578         JavaKind valueKind = cas.getValueKind();
 579 
 580         ValueNode expectedValue = implicitStoreConvert(graph, valueKind, cas.expected());
 581         ValueNode newValue = implicitStoreConvert(graph, valueKind, cas.newValue());
 582 
 583         AddressNode address = graph.unique(new OffsetAddressNode(cas.object(), cas.offset()));
 584         BarrierType barrierType = guessStoreBarrierType(cas.object(), expectedValue);
 585         LogicCompareAndSwapNode atomicNode = graph.add(new LogicCompareAndSwapNode(address, cas.getLocationIdentity(), expectedValue, newValue, barrierType));
 586         atomicNode.setStateAfter(cas.stateAfter());
 587         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(cas, atomicNode);
 588     }
 589 
 590     protected void lowerCompareAndExchangeNode(UnsafeCompareAndExchangeNode cas) {
 591         StructuredGraph graph = cas.graph();
 592         JavaKind valueKind = cas.getValueKind();
 593 
 594         ValueNode expectedValue = implicitStoreConvert(graph, valueKind, cas.expected());
 595         ValueNode newValue = implicitStoreConvert(graph, valueKind, cas.newValue());
 596 
 597         AddressNode address = graph.unique(new OffsetAddressNode(cas.object(), cas.offset()));
 598         BarrierType barrierType = guessStoreBarrierType(cas.object(), expectedValue);
 599         ValueCompareAndSwapNode atomicNode = graph.add(new ValueCompareAndSwapNode(address, expectedValue, newValue, cas.getLocationIdentity(), barrierType));
 600         ValueNode coercedNode = implicitLoadConvert(graph, valueKind, atomicNode, true);
 601         atomicNode.setStateAfter(cas.stateAfter());
 602         cas.replaceAtUsages(coercedNode);
 603         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(cas, atomicNode);
 604     }
 605 
 606     protected void lowerAtomicReadAndWriteNode(AtomicReadAndWriteNode n) {
 607         StructuredGraph graph = n.graph();
 608         JavaKind valueKind = n.getValueKind();
 609 
 610         ValueNode newValue = implicitStoreConvert(graph, valueKind, n.newValue());
 611 
 612         AddressNode address = graph.unique(new OffsetAddressNode(n.object(), n.offset()));
 613         BarrierType barrierType = guessStoreBarrierType(n.object(), n.newValue());
 614         LIRKind lirAccessKind = LIRKind.fromJavaKind(target.arch, valueKind);
 615         LoweredAtomicReadAndWriteNode memoryRead = graph.add(new LoweredAtomicReadAndWriteNode(address, n.getLocationIdentity(), newValue, lirAccessKind, barrierType));
 616         memoryRead.setStateAfter(n.stateAfter());
 617 
 618         ValueNode readValue = implicitLoadConvert(graph, valueKind, memoryRead);
 619         n.stateAfter().replaceFirstInput(n, memoryRead);
 620         n.replaceAtUsages(readValue);
 621         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(n, memoryRead);
 622     }
 623 
 624     /**
 625      * @param tool utility for performing the lowering
 626      */
 627     protected void lowerUnsafeLoadNode(RawLoadNode load, LoweringTool tool) {
 628         StructuredGraph graph = load.graph();
 629         if (load instanceof GuardedUnsafeLoadNode) {
 630             GuardedUnsafeLoadNode guardedLoad = (GuardedUnsafeLoadNode) load;
 631             GuardingNode guard = guardedLoad.getGuard();
 632             if (guard == null) {
 633                 // can float freely if the guard folded away
 634                 ReadNode memoryRead = createUnsafeRead(graph, load, null);
 635                 memoryRead.setForceFixed(false);
 636                 graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(load, memoryRead);
 637             } else {
 638                 // must be guarded, but flows below the guard
 639                 ReadNode memoryRead = createUnsafeRead(graph, load, guard);
 640                 graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(load, memoryRead);
 641             }
 642         } else {
 643             // never had a guarding condition so it must be fixed, creation of the read will force
 644             // it to be fixed
 645             ReadNode memoryRead = createUnsafeRead(graph, load, null);
 646             graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(load, memoryRead);
 647         }
 648     }
 649 
 650     protected AddressNode createUnsafeAddress(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode object, ValueNode offset) {
 651         if (object.isConstant() && object.asConstant().isDefaultForKind()) {
 652             return graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(OffsetAddressNode.create(offset));
 653         } else {
 654             return graph.unique(new OffsetAddressNode(object, offset));
 655         }
 656     }
 657 
 658     protected ReadNode createUnsafeRead(StructuredGraph graph, RawLoadNode load, GuardingNode guard) {
 659         boolean compressible = load.accessKind() == JavaKind.Object;
 660         JavaKind readKind = load.accessKind();
 661         Stamp loadStamp = loadStamp(load.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), readKind, compressible);
 662         AddressNode address = createUnsafeAddress(graph, load.object(), load.offset());
 663         ReadNode memoryRead = graph.add(new ReadNode(address, load.getLocationIdentity(), loadStamp, BarrierType.NONE));
 664         if (guard == null) {
 665             // An unsafe read must not float otherwise it may float above
 666             // a test guaranteeing the read is safe.
 667             memoryRead.setForceFixed(true);
 668         } else {
 669             memoryRead.setGuard(guard);
 670         }
 671         ValueNode readValue = performBooleanCoercionIfNecessary(implicitLoadConvert(graph, readKind, memoryRead, compressible), readKind);
 672         load.replaceAtUsages(readValue);
 673         return memoryRead;
 674     }
 675 
 676     protected void lowerUnsafeMemoryLoadNode(UnsafeMemoryLoadNode load) {
 677         StructuredGraph graph = load.graph();
 678         JavaKind readKind = load.getKind();
 679         assert readKind != JavaKind.Object;
 680         Stamp loadStamp = loadStamp(load.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), readKind, false);
 681         AddressNode address = graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(OffsetAddressNode.create(load.getAddress()));
 682         ReadNode memoryRead = graph.add(new ReadNode(address, load.getLocationIdentity(), loadStamp, BarrierType.NONE));
 683         // An unsafe read must not float otherwise it may float above
 684         // a test guaranteeing the read is safe.
 685         memoryRead.setForceFixed(true);
 686         ValueNode readValue = performBooleanCoercionIfNecessary(implicitLoadConvert(graph, readKind, memoryRead, false), readKind);
 687         load.replaceAtUsages(readValue);
 688         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(load, memoryRead);
 689     }
 690 
 691     private static ValueNode performBooleanCoercionIfNecessary(ValueNode readValue, JavaKind readKind) {
 692         if (readKind == JavaKind.Boolean) {
 693             StructuredGraph graph = readValue.graph();
 694             IntegerEqualsNode eq = graph.addOrUnique(new IntegerEqualsNode(readValue, ConstantNode.forInt(0, graph)));
 695             return graph.addOrUnique(new ConditionalNode(eq, ConstantNode.forBoolean(false, graph), ConstantNode.forBoolean(true, graph)));
 696         }
 697         return readValue;
 698     }
 699 
 700     protected void lowerUnsafeStoreNode(RawStoreNode store) {
 701         StructuredGraph graph = store.graph();
 702         boolean compressible = store.value().getStackKind() == JavaKind.Object;
 703         JavaKind valueKind = store.accessKind();
 704         ValueNode value = implicitStoreConvert(graph, valueKind, store.value(), compressible);
 705         AddressNode address = createUnsafeAddress(graph, store.object(), store.offset());
 706         WriteNode write = graph.add(new WriteNode(address, store.getLocationIdentity(), value, unsafeStoreBarrierType(store)));
 707         write.setStateAfter(store.stateAfter());
 708         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(store, write);
 709     }
 710 
 711     protected void lowerUnsafeMemoryStoreNode(UnsafeMemoryStoreNode store) {
 712         StructuredGraph graph = store.graph();
 713         assert store.getValue().getStackKind() != JavaKind.Object;
 714         JavaKind valueKind = store.getKind();
 715         ValueNode value = implicitStoreConvert(graph, valueKind, store.getValue(), false);
 716         AddressNode address = graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(OffsetAddressNode.create(store.getAddress()));
 717         WriteNode write = graph.add(new WriteNode(address, store.getLocationIdentity(), value, BarrierType.NONE));
 718         write.setStateAfter(store.stateAfter());
 719         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(store, write);
 720     }
 721 
 722     protected void lowerJavaReadNode(JavaReadNode read) {
 723         StructuredGraph graph = read.graph();
 724         JavaKind valueKind = read.getReadKind();
 725         Stamp loadStamp = loadStamp(read.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), valueKind, read.isCompressible());
 726 
 727         ReadNode memoryRead = graph.add(new ReadNode(read.getAddress(), read.getLocationIdentity(), loadStamp, read.getBarrierType()));
 728         GuardingNode guard = read.getGuard();
 729         ValueNode readValue = implicitLoadConvert(graph, valueKind, memoryRead, read.isCompressible());
 730         if (guard == null) {
 731             // An unsafe read must not float otherwise it may float above
 732             // a test guaranteeing the read is safe.
 733             memoryRead.setForceFixed(true);
 734         } else {
 735             memoryRead.setGuard(guard);
 736         }
 737         read.replaceAtUsages(readValue);
 738         graph.replaceFixed(read, memoryRead);
 739     }
 740 
 741     protected void lowerJavaWriteNode(JavaWriteNode write) {
 742         StructuredGraph graph = write.graph();
 743         ValueNode value = implicitStoreConvert(graph, write.getWriteKind(), write.value(), write.isCompressible());
 744         WriteNode memoryWrite = graph.add(new WriteNode(write.getAddress(), write.getLocationIdentity(), value, write.getBarrierType()));
 745         memoryWrite.setStateAfter(write.stateAfter());
 746         graph.replaceFixedWithFixed(write, memoryWrite);
 747         memoryWrite.setGuard(write.getGuard());
 748     }
 749 
 750     @SuppressWarnings("try")
 751     protected void lowerCommitAllocationNode(CommitAllocationNode commit, LoweringTool tool) {
 752         StructuredGraph graph = commit.graph();
 753         if (graph.getGuardsStage() == StructuredGraph.GuardsStage.FIXED_DEOPTS) {
 754             List<AbstractNewObjectNode> recursiveLowerings = new ArrayList<>();
 755 
 756             ValueNode[] allocations = new ValueNode[commit.getVirtualObjects().size()];
 757             BitSet omittedValues = new BitSet();
 758             int valuePos = 0;
 759             for (int objIndex = 0; objIndex < commit.getVirtualObjects().size(); objIndex++) {
 760                 VirtualObjectNode virtual = commit.getVirtualObjects().get(objIndex);
 761                 try (DebugCloseable nsp = graph.withNodeSourcePosition(virtual)) {
 762                     int entryCount = virtual.entryCount();
 763                     AbstractNewObjectNode newObject;
 764                     if (virtual instanceof VirtualInstanceNode) {
 765                         newObject = graph.add(createNewInstanceFromVirtual(virtual));
 766                     } else {
 767                         newObject = graph.add(createNewArrayFromVirtual(virtual, ConstantNode.forInt(entryCount, graph)));
 768                     }
 769                     // The final STORE_STORE barrier will be emitted by finishAllocatedObjects
 770                     newObject.clearEmitMemoryBarrier();
 771 
 772                     recursiveLowerings.add(newObject);
 773                     graph.addBeforeFixed(commit, newObject);
 774                     allocations[objIndex] = newObject;
 775                     for (int i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
 776                         ValueNode value = commit.getValues().get(valuePos);
 777                         if (value instanceof VirtualObjectNode) {
 778                             value = allocations[commit.getVirtualObjects().indexOf(value)];
 779                         }
 780                         if (value == null) {
 781                             omittedValues.set(valuePos);
 782                         } else if (!(value.isConstant() && value.asConstant().isDefaultForKind())) {
 783                             // Constant.illegal is always the defaultForKind, so it is skipped
 784                             JavaKind valueKind = value.getStackKind();
 785                             JavaKind entryKind = virtual.entryKind(i);
 786 
 787                             // Truffle requires some leniency in terms of what can be put where:
 788                             assert valueKind.getStackKind() == entryKind.getStackKind() ||
 789                                             (valueKind == JavaKind.Long || valueKind == JavaKind.Double || (valueKind == JavaKind.Int && virtual instanceof VirtualArrayNode));
 790                             AddressNode address = null;
 791                             BarrierType barrierType = null;
 792                             if (virtual instanceof VirtualInstanceNode) {
 793                                 ResolvedJavaField field = ((VirtualInstanceNode) virtual).field(i);
 794                                 long offset = fieldOffset(field);
 795                                 if (offset >= 0) {
 796                                     address = createOffsetAddress(graph, newObject, offset);
 797                                     barrierType = fieldInitializationBarrier(entryKind);
 798                                 }
 799                             } else {
 800                                 address = createOffsetAddress(graph, newObject, metaAccess.getArrayBaseOffset(entryKind) + i * metaAccess.getArrayIndexScale(entryKind));
 801                                 barrierType = arrayInitializationBarrier(entryKind);
 802                             }
 803                             if (address != null) {
 804                                 WriteNode write = new WriteNode(address, LocationIdentity.init(), implicitStoreConvert(graph, entryKind, value), barrierType);
 805                                 graph.addAfterFixed(newObject, graph.add(write));
 806                             }
 807                         }
 808                         valuePos++;
 809                     }
 810                 }
 811             }
 812             valuePos = 0;
 813 
 814             for (int objIndex = 0; objIndex < commit.getVirtualObjects().size(); objIndex++) {
 815                 VirtualObjectNode virtual = commit.getVirtualObjects().get(objIndex);
 816                 try (DebugCloseable nsp = graph.withNodeSourcePosition(virtual)) {
 817                     int entryCount = virtual.entryCount();
 818                     ValueNode newObject = allocations[objIndex];
 819                     for (int i = 0; i < entryCount; i++) {
 820                         if (omittedValues.get(valuePos)) {
 821                             ValueNode value = commit.getValues().get(valuePos);
 822                             assert value instanceof VirtualObjectNode;
 823                             ValueNode allocValue = allocations[commit.getVirtualObjects().indexOf(value)];
 824                             if (!(allocValue.isConstant() && allocValue.asConstant().isDefaultForKind())) {
 825                                 assert virtual.entryKind(i) == JavaKind.Object && allocValue.getStackKind() == JavaKind.Object;
 826                                 AddressNode address;
 827                                 BarrierType barrierType;
 828                                 if (virtual instanceof VirtualInstanceNode) {
 829                                     VirtualInstanceNode virtualInstance = (VirtualInstanceNode) virtual;
 830                                     address = createFieldAddress(graph, newObject, virtualInstance.field(i));
 831                                     barrierType = fieldStoreBarrierType(virtualInstance.field(i));
 832                                 } else {
 833                                     address = createArrayAddress(graph, newObject, virtual.entryKind(i), ConstantNode.forInt(i, graph));
 834                                     barrierType = arrayStoreBarrierType(virtual.entryKind(i));
 835                                 }
 836                                 if (address != null) {
 837                                     WriteNode write = new WriteNode(address, LocationIdentity.init(), implicitStoreConvert(graph, JavaKind.Object, allocValue), barrierType);
 838                                     graph.addBeforeFixed(commit, graph.add(write));
 839                                 }
 840                             }
 841                         }
 842                         valuePos++;
 843                     }
 844                 }
 845             }
 846 
 847             finishAllocatedObjects(tool, commit, allocations);
 848             graph.removeFixed(commit);
 849 
 850             for (AbstractNewObjectNode recursiveLowering : recursiveLowerings) {
 851                 recursiveLowering.lower(tool);
 852             }
 853         }
 854 
 855     }
 856 
 857     public NewInstanceNode createNewInstanceFromVirtual(VirtualObjectNode virtual) {
 858         return new NewInstanceNode(virtual.type(), true);
 859     }
 860 
 861     protected NewArrayNode createNewArrayFromVirtual(VirtualObjectNode virtual, ValueNode length) {
 862         return new NewArrayNode(((VirtualArrayNode) virtual).componentType(), length, true);
 863     }
 864 
 865     public void finishAllocatedObjects(LoweringTool tool, CommitAllocationNode commit, ValueNode[] allocations) {
 866         StructuredGraph graph = commit.graph();
 867         for (int objIndex = 0; objIndex < commit.getVirtualObjects().size(); objIndex++) {
 868             FixedValueAnchorNode anchor = graph.add(new FixedValueAnchorNode(allocations[objIndex]));
 869             allocations[objIndex] = anchor;
 870             graph.addBeforeFixed(commit, anchor);
 871         }
 872         /*
 873          * Note that the FrameState that is assigned to these MonitorEnterNodes isn't the correct
 874          * state. It will be the state from before the allocation occurred instead of a valid state
 875          * after the locking is performed. In practice this should be fine since these are newly
 876          * allocated objects. The bytecodes themselves permit allocating an object, doing a
 877          * monitorenter and then dropping all references to the object which would produce the same
 878          * state, though that would normally produce an IllegalMonitorStateException. In HotSpot
 879          * some form of fast path locking should always occur so the FrameState should never
 880          * actually be used.
 881          */
 882         ArrayList<MonitorEnterNode> enters = null;
 883         for (int objIndex = 0; objIndex < commit.getVirtualObjects().size(); objIndex++) {
 884             List<MonitorIdNode> locks = commit.getLocks(objIndex);
 885             if (locks.size() > 1) {
 886                 // Ensure that the lock operations are performed in lock depth order
 887                 ArrayList<MonitorIdNode> newList = new ArrayList<>(locks);
 888                 newList.sort((a, b) -> Integer.compare(a.getLockDepth(), b.getLockDepth()));
 889                 locks = newList;
 890             }
 891             int lastDepth = -1;
 892             for (MonitorIdNode monitorId : locks) {
 893                 assert lastDepth < monitorId.getLockDepth();
 894                 lastDepth = monitorId.getLockDepth();
 895                 MonitorEnterNode enter = graph.add(new MonitorEnterNode(allocations[objIndex], monitorId));
 896                 graph.addBeforeFixed(commit, enter);
 897                 if (enters == null) {
 898                     enters = new ArrayList<>();
 899                 }
 900                 enters.add(enter);
 901             }
 902         }
 903         for (Node usage : commit.usages().snapshot()) {
 904             if (usage instanceof AllocatedObjectNode) {
 905                 AllocatedObjectNode addObject = (AllocatedObjectNode) usage;
 906                 int index = commit.getVirtualObjects().indexOf(addObject.getVirtualObject());
 907                 addObject.replaceAtUsagesAndDelete(allocations[index]);
 908             } else {
 909                 assert enters != null;
 910                 commit.replaceAtUsages(InputType.Memory, enters.get(enters.size() - 1));
 911             }
 912         }
 913         if (enters != null) {
 914             for (MonitorEnterNode enter : enters) {
 915                 enter.lower(tool);
 916             }
 917         }
 918         assert commit.hasNoUsages();
 919         insertAllocationBarrier(commit, graph);
 920     }
 921 
 922     /**
 923      * Insert the required {@link MemoryBarriers#STORE_STORE} barrier for an allocation and also
 924      * include the {@link MemoryBarriers#LOAD_STORE} required for final fields if any final fields
 925      * are being written, as if {@link FinalFieldBarrierNode} were emitted.
 926      */
 927     private static void insertAllocationBarrier(CommitAllocationNode commit, StructuredGraph graph) {
 928         int barrier = MemoryBarriers.STORE_STORE;
 929         outer: for (VirtualObjectNode vobj : commit.getVirtualObjects()) {
 930             for (ResolvedJavaField field : vobj.type().getInstanceFields(true)) {
 931                 if (field.isFinal()) {
 932                     barrier = barrier | MemoryBarriers.LOAD_STORE;
 933                     break outer;
 934                 }
 935             }
 936         }
 937         graph.addAfterFixed(commit, graph.add(new MembarNode(barrier, LocationIdentity.init())));
 938     }
 939 
 940     /**
 941      * @param field the field whose barrier type should be returned
 942      */
 943     protected BarrierType fieldLoadBarrierType(ResolvedJavaField field) {
 944         return BarrierType.NONE;
 945     }
 946 
 947     protected BarrierType fieldStoreBarrierType(ResolvedJavaField field) {
 948         if (getStorageKind(field) == JavaKind.Object) {
 949             return BarrierType.FIELD;
 950         }
 951         return BarrierType.NONE;
 952     }
 953 
 954     protected BarrierType arrayStoreBarrierType(JavaKind elementKind) {
 955         if (elementKind == JavaKind.Object) {
 956             return BarrierType.ARRAY;
 957         }
 958         return BarrierType.NONE;
 959     }
 960 
 961     public BarrierType fieldInitializationBarrier(JavaKind entryKind) {
 962         return entryKind == JavaKind.Object ? BarrierType.FIELD : BarrierType.NONE;
 963     }
 964 
 965     public BarrierType arrayInitializationBarrier(JavaKind entryKind) {
 966         return entryKind == JavaKind.Object ? BarrierType.ARRAY : BarrierType.NONE;
 967     }
 968 
 969     private BarrierType unsafeStoreBarrierType(RawStoreNode store) {
 970         if (!store.needsBarrier()) {
 971             return BarrierType.NONE;
 972         }
 973         return guessStoreBarrierType(store.object(), store.value());
 974     }
 975 
 976     private BarrierType guessStoreBarrierType(ValueNode object, ValueNode value) {
 977         if (value.getStackKind() == JavaKind.Object && object.getStackKind() == JavaKind.Object) {
 978             ResolvedJavaType type = StampTool.typeOrNull(object);
 979             // Array types must use a precise barrier, so if the type is unknown or is a supertype
 980             // of Object[] then treat it as an array.
 981             if (type != null && type.isArray()) {
 982                 return BarrierType.ARRAY;
 983             } else if (type == null || type.isAssignableFrom(objectArrayType)) {
 984                 return BarrierType.UNKNOWN;
 985             } else {
 986                 return BarrierType.FIELD;
 987             }
 988         }
 989         return BarrierType.NONE;
 990     }
 991 
 992     public abstract int fieldOffset(ResolvedJavaField field);
 993 
 994     public FieldLocationIdentity fieldLocationIdentity(ResolvedJavaField field) {
 995         return new FieldLocationIdentity(field);
 996     }
 997 
 998     public abstract ValueNode staticFieldBase(StructuredGraph graph, ResolvedJavaField field);
 999 
1000     public abstract int arrayLengthOffset();
1001 
1002     public Stamp loadStamp(Stamp stamp, JavaKind kind) {
1003         return loadStamp(stamp, kind, true);
1004     }
1005 
1006     private boolean useCompressedOops(JavaKind kind, boolean compressible) {
1007         return kind == JavaKind.Object && compressible && useCompressedOops;
1008     }
1009 
1010     protected abstract Stamp loadCompressedStamp(ObjectStamp stamp);
1011 
1012     /**
1013      * @param compressible whether the stamp should be compressible
1014      */
1015     protected Stamp loadStamp(Stamp stamp, JavaKind kind, boolean compressible) {
1016         if (useCompressedOops(kind, compressible)) {
1017             return loadCompressedStamp((ObjectStamp) stamp);
1018         }
1019 
1020         switch (kind) {
1021             case Boolean:
1022             case Byte:
1023                 return IntegerStamp.OPS.getNarrow().foldStamp(32, 8, stamp);
1024             case Char:
1025             case Short:
1026                 return IntegerStamp.OPS.getNarrow().foldStamp(32, 16, stamp);
1027         }
1028         return stamp;
1029     }
1030 
1031     public final ValueNode implicitLoadConvert(StructuredGraph graph, JavaKind kind, ValueNode value) {
1032         return implicitLoadConvert(graph, kind, value, true);
1033     }
1034 
1035     public ValueNode implicitLoadConvert(JavaKind kind, ValueNode value) {
1036         return implicitLoadConvert(kind, value, true);
1037     }
1038 
1039     protected final ValueNode implicitLoadConvert(StructuredGraph graph, JavaKind kind, ValueNode value, boolean compressible) {
1040         ValueNode ret = implicitLoadConvert(kind, value, compressible);
1041         if (!ret.isAlive()) {
1042             ret = graph.addOrUnique(ret);
1043         }
1044         return ret;
1045     }
1046 
1047     protected abstract ValueNode newCompressionNode(CompressionOp op, ValueNode value);
1048 
1049     /**
1050      * @param compressible whether the convert should be compressible
1051      */
1052     protected ValueNode implicitLoadConvert(JavaKind kind, ValueNode value, boolean compressible) {
1053         if (useCompressedOops(kind, compressible)) {
1054             return newCompressionNode(CompressionOp.Uncompress, value);
1055         }
1056 
1057         switch (kind) {
1058             case Byte:
1059             case Short:
1060                 return new SignExtendNode(value, 32);
1061             case Boolean:
1062             case Char:
1063                 return new ZeroExtendNode(value, 32);
1064         }
1065         return value;
1066     }
1067 
1068     public final ValueNode implicitStoreConvert(StructuredGraph graph, JavaKind kind, ValueNode value) {
1069         return implicitStoreConvert(graph, kind, value, true);
1070     }
1071 
1072     public ValueNode implicitStoreConvert(JavaKind kind, ValueNode value) {
1073         return implicitStoreConvert(kind, value, true);
1074     }
1075 
1076     protected final ValueNode implicitStoreConvert(StructuredGraph graph, JavaKind kind, ValueNode value, boolean compressible) {
1077         ValueNode ret = implicitStoreConvert(kind, value, compressible);
1078         if (!ret.isAlive()) {
1079             ret = graph.addOrUnique(ret);
1080         }
1081         return ret;
1082     }
1083 
1084     /**
1085      * @param compressible whether the covert should be compressible
1086      */
1087     protected ValueNode implicitStoreConvert(JavaKind kind, ValueNode value, boolean compressible) {
1088         if (useCompressedOops(kind, compressible)) {
1089             return newCompressionNode(CompressionOp.Compress, value);
1090         }
1091 
1092         switch (kind) {
1093             case Boolean:
1094             case Byte:
1095                 return new NarrowNode(value, 8);
1096             case Char:
1097             case Short:
1098                 return new NarrowNode(value, 16);
1099         }
1100         return value;
1101     }
1102 
1103     protected abstract ValueNode createReadHub(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode object, LoweringTool tool);
1104 
1105     protected abstract ValueNode createReadArrayComponentHub(StructuredGraph graph, ValueNode arrayHub, FixedNode anchor);
1106 
1107     protected ValueNode proxyIndex(AccessIndexedNode n, ValueNode index, ValueNode array, LoweringTool tool) {
1108         StructuredGraph graph = index.graph();
1109         ValueNode arrayLength = readOrCreateArrayLength(n, array, tool, graph);
1110         ValueNode lengthMinusOne = SubNode.create(arrayLength, ConstantNode.forInt(1), NodeView.DEFAULT);
1111         return branchlessMax(branchlessMin(index, lengthMinusOne, NodeView.DEFAULT), ConstantNode.forInt(0), NodeView.DEFAULT);
1112     }
1113 
1114     protected GuardingNode getBoundsCheck(AccessIndexedNode n, ValueNode array, LoweringTool tool) {
1115         if (n.getBoundsCheck() != null) {
1116             return n.getBoundsCheck();
1117         }
1118 
1119         StructuredGraph graph = n.graph();
1120         ValueNode arrayLength = readOrCreateArrayLength(n, array, tool, graph);
1121 
1122         LogicNode boundsCheck = IntegerBelowNode.create(n.index(), arrayLength, NodeView.DEFAULT);
1123         if (boundsCheck.isTautology()) {
1124             return null;
1125         }
1126         return tool.createGuard(n, graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(boundsCheck), BoundsCheckException, InvalidateReprofile);
1127     }
1128 
1129     private ValueNode readOrCreateArrayLength(AccessIndexedNode n, ValueNode array, LoweringTool tool, StructuredGraph graph) {
1130         ValueNode arrayLength = readArrayLength(array, tool.getConstantReflection());
1131         if (arrayLength == null) {
1132             arrayLength = createReadArrayLength(array, n, tool);
1133         } else {
1134             arrayLength = arrayLength.isAlive() ? arrayLength : graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(arrayLength);
1135         }
1136         return arrayLength;
1137     }
1138 
1139     protected GuardingNode createNullCheck(ValueNode object, FixedNode before, LoweringTool tool) {
1140         if (StampTool.isPointerNonNull(object)) {
1141             return null;
1142         }
1143         return tool.createGuard(before, before.graph().unique(IsNullNode.create(object)), NullCheckException, InvalidateReprofile, SpeculationLog.NO_SPECULATION, true, null);
1144     }
1145 
1146     protected ValueNode createNullCheckedValue(ValueNode object, FixedNode before, LoweringTool tool) {
1147         GuardingNode nullCheck = createNullCheck(object, before, tool);
1148         if (nullCheck == null) {
1149             return object;
1150         }
1151         return before.graph().maybeAddOrUnique(PiNode.create(object, (object.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT)).join(StampFactory.objectNonNull()), (ValueNode) nullCheck));
1152     }
1153 
1154     @Override
1155     public ValueNode reconstructArrayIndex(JavaKind elementKind, AddressNode address) {
1156         StructuredGraph graph = address.graph();
1157         ValueNode offset = ((OffsetAddressNode) address).getOffset();
1158 
1159         int base = metaAccess.getArrayBaseOffset(elementKind);
1160         ValueNode scaledIndex = graph.unique(new SubNode(offset, ConstantNode.forIntegerStamp(offset.stamp(NodeView.DEFAULT), base, graph)));
1161 
1162         int shift = CodeUtil.log2(metaAccess.getArrayIndexScale(elementKind));
1163         ValueNode ret = graph.unique(new RightShiftNode(scaledIndex, ConstantNode.forInt(shift, graph)));
1164         return IntegerConvertNode.convert(ret, StampFactory.forKind(JavaKind.Int), graph, NodeView.DEFAULT);
1165     }
1166 }