1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2008, 2014, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.lang.invoke;
  27 
  28 import sun.invoke.util.BytecodeDescriptor;
  29 import sun.invoke.util.VerifyAccess;
  30 
  31 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
  32 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
  33 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
  34 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
  35 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
  36 import java.util.ArrayList;
  37 import java.util.Arrays;
  38 import java.util.Collections;
  39 import java.util.Iterator;
  40 import java.util.List;
  41 import java.util.Objects;
  42 import sun.misc.JavaLangAccess;
  43 import sun.misc.SharedSecrets;
  44 
  45 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleNatives.Constants.*;
  46 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodHandleStatics.*;
  47 
  48 
  49 /**
  50  * A {@code MemberName} is a compact symbolic datum which fully characterizes
  51  * a method or field reference.
  52  * A member name refers to a field, method, constructor, or member type.
  53  * Every member name has a simple name (a string) and a type (either a Class or MethodType).
  54  * A member name may also have a non-null declaring class, or it may be simply
  55  * a naked name/type pair.
  56  * A member name may also have non-zero modifier flags.
  57  * Finally, a member name may be either resolved or unresolved.
  58  * <p>
  59  * Whether resolved or not, a member name provides no access rights or
  60  * invocation capability to its possessor.  It is merely a compact
  61  * representation of all symbolic information necessary to link to
  62  * and properly use the named member.
  63  * <p>
  64  * When resolved, a member name's internal implementation may include references to JVM metadata.
  65  * This representation is stateless and only descriptive.
  66  * It provides no private information and no capability to use the member.
  67  * Resolved MemberNames are always interned (except for Class MemberNames)
  68  * which allows updating when classes are redefined.
  69  * <p>
  70  * By contrast, a {@linkplain java.lang.reflect.Method} contains fuller information
  71  * about the internals of a method (except its bytecodes) and also
  72  * allows invocation.  A MemberName is much lighter than a Method,
  73  * since it contains about 7 fields to the 16 of Method (plus its sub-arrays),
  74  * and those seven fields omit much of the information in Method.
  75  * @author jrose
  76  */
  77 @SuppressWarnings("rawtypes") //Comparable in next line
  78 /*non-public*/ final class MemberName implements Member, Comparable, Cloneable {
  79     private Class<?> clazz;       // class in which the method is defined
  80     private String   name;        // may be null if not yet materialized
  81     private Object   type;        // may be null if not yet materialized
  82     private int      flags;       // modifier bits; see reflect.Modifier
  83     //@Injected JVM_Method* vmtarget;
  84     //@Injected int         vmindex;
  85     private Object   resolution;  // if null, this guy is resolved
  86 
  87     private static final JavaLangAccess jla = SharedSecrets.getJavaLangAccess();
  88 
  89     // bare-bones constructor; the JVM will fill it in
  90     MemberName() { }
  91 
  92     /** Create a name for the given class.  The resulting name will be in a resolved state. */
  93     public MemberName(Class<?> type) {
  94         init(type.getDeclaringClass(), type.getSimpleName(), type,
  95                 flagsMods(IS_TYPE, type.getModifiers(), REF_NONE));
  96         initResolved(true);
  97     }
  98 
  99     // Construction from symbolic parts, for queries:
 100     /** Create a field or type name from the given components:
 101      *  Declaring class, name, type, reference kind.
 102      *  The declaring class may be supplied as null if this is to be a bare name and type.
 103      *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
 104      */
 105     public MemberName(Class<?> defClass, String name, Class<?> type, byte refKind) {
 106         init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(IS_FIELD, 0, refKind));
 107         initResolved(false);
 108     }
 109 
 110     /** Create a field or type name from the given components:  Declaring class, name, type.
 111      *  The declaring class may be supplied as null if this is to be a bare name and type.
 112      *  The modifier flags default to zero.
 113      *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
 114      */
 115     public MemberName(Class<?> defClass, String name, Class<?> type, Void unused) {
 116         this(defClass, name, type, REF_NONE);
 117         initResolved(false);
 118     }
 119 
 120     /** Create a method or constructor name from the given components:  Declaring class, name, type, modifiers.
 121      *  It will be a constructor if and only if the name is {@code "&lt;init&gt;"}.
 122      *  The declaring class may be supplied as null if this is to be a bare name and type.
 123      *  The last argument is optional, a boolean which requests REF_invokeSpecial.
 124      *  The resulting name will in an unresolved state.
 125      */
 126     public MemberName(Class<?> defClass, String name, MethodType type, byte refKind) {
 127         int initFlags = (name != null && name.equals(CONSTRUCTOR_NAME) ? IS_CONSTRUCTOR : IS_METHOD);
 128         init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(initFlags, 0, refKind));
 129         initResolved(false);
 130     }
 131 
 132     /** Create a method, constructor, or field name from the given components:
 133      *  Reference kind, declaring class, name, type.
 134      */
 135     public MemberName(byte refKind, Class<?> defClass, String name, Object type) {
 136         int kindFlags;
 137         if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
 138             kindFlags = IS_FIELD;
 139             if (!(type instanceof Class))
 140                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a field type");
 141         } else if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind)) {
 142             kindFlags = IS_METHOD;
 143             if (!(type instanceof MethodType))
 144                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a method type");
 145         } else if (refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial) {
 146             kindFlags = IS_CONSTRUCTOR;
 147             if (!(type instanceof MethodType) ||
 148                 !CONSTRUCTOR_NAME.equals(name))
 149                 throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a constructor type or name");
 150         } else {
 151             throw newIllegalArgumentException("bad reference kind "+refKind);
 152         }
 153         init(defClass, name, type, flagsMods(kindFlags, 0, refKind));
 154         initResolved(false);
 155     }
 156 
 157     /** Create a name for the given reflected method.  The resulting name will be in a resolved state. */
 158     public static MemberName make(Method m) {
 159         return make(m, false);
 160     }
 161 
 162     @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 163     private MemberName(Method m, boolean wantSpecial) {
 164         m.getClass();  // NPE check
 165         // fill in vmtarget, vmindex while we have m in hand:
 166         MethodHandleNatives.init(this, m);
 167         if (clazz == null) {  // MHN.init failed
 168             if (m.getDeclaringClass() == MethodHandle.class &&
 169                 isMethodHandleInvokeName(m.getName())) {
 170                 // The JVM did not reify this signature-polymorphic instance.
 171                 // Need a special case here.
 172                 // See comments on MethodHandleNatives.linkMethod.
 173                 MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(m.getReturnType(), m.getParameterTypes());
 174                 int flags = flagsMods(IS_METHOD, m.getModifiers(), REF_invokeVirtual);
 175                 init(MethodHandle.class, m.getName(), type, flags);
 176                 if (isMethodHandleInvoke()) {
 177                     return;
 178                 }
 179             }
 180             throw new LinkageError(m.toString());
 181         }
 182         assert(isResolved() && this.clazz != null);
 183         this.name = m.getName();
 184         if (this.type == null) {
 185             this.type = new Object[] { m.getReturnType(), m.getParameterTypes() };
 186         }
 187         if (wantSpecial) {
 188             if (isAbstract()) {
 189                 throw new AbstractMethodError(this.toString());
 190             }
 191             if (getReferenceKind() == REF_invokeVirtual) {
 192                 changeReferenceKind(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeVirtual);
 193             } else if (getReferenceKind() == REF_invokeInterface) {
 194                 // invokeSpecial on a default method
 195                 changeReferenceKind(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeInterface);
 196             }
 197         }
 198     }
 199 
 200     public static MemberName make(Method m, boolean wantSpecial) {
 201         // Unreflected member names are resolved so intern them here.
 202         MemberName tmp0 = null;
 203         InternTransaction tx = new InternTransaction(m.getDeclaringClass());
 204         while (tmp0 == null) {
 205             MemberName tmp = new MemberName(m, wantSpecial);
 206             tmp0 = tx.tryIntern(tmp);
 207         }
 208         return tmp0;
 209     }
 210 
 211     @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 212     private MemberName(Constructor<?> ctor) {
 213         ctor.getClass();  // NPE check
 214         // fill in vmtarget, vmindex while we have ctor in hand:
 215         MethodHandleNatives.init(this, ctor);
 216         assert(isResolved() && this.clazz != null);
 217         this.name = CONSTRUCTOR_NAME;
 218         if (this.type == null) {
 219             this.type = new Object[] { void.class, ctor.getParameterTypes() };
 220         }
 221     }
 222 
 223     /**
 224      * Create a name for the given reflected constructor.
 225      * The resulting name will be in a resolved state.
 226      */
 227     public static MemberName make(Constructor<?> ctor) {
 228         // Unreflected member names are resolved so intern them here.
 229         MemberName tmp0 = null;
 230         InternTransaction tx = new InternTransaction(ctor.getDeclaringClass());
 231         while (tmp0 == null) {
 232             MemberName tmp = new MemberName(ctor);
 233             tmp0 = tx.tryIntern(tmp);
 234         }
 235         return tmp0;
 236     }
 237 
 238     /**
 239      * Create a name for the given reflected field.
 240      * The resulting name will be in a resolved state.
 241      */
 242     public static MemberName make(Field field) {
 243         return make(field, false);
 244     }
 245 
 246     @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 247     private MemberName(Field field, boolean makeSetter) {
 248         field.getClass();  // NPE check
 249         // fill in vmtarget, vmindex while we have field in hand:
 250         MethodHandleNatives.init(this, field);
 251         assert(isResolved() && this.clazz != null);
 252         this.name = field.getName();
 253         this.type = field.getType();
 254         byte refKind = this.getReferenceKind();
 255         assert(refKind == (isStatic() ? REF_getStatic : REF_getField));
 256         if (makeSetter) {
 257             assert((REF_putStatic - REF_getStatic) == (REF_putField - REF_getField));
 258             changeReferenceKind((byte)(refKind + (REF_putStatic - REF_getStatic)), refKind);
 259         }
 260     }
 261 
 262     /**
 263      * Create a name for the given reflected field, optionally making it a setter.
 264      * The resulting name will be in a resolved state.
 265      */
 266     public static MemberName make(Field field, boolean makeSetter) {
 267         // Unreflected member names are resolved so intern them here.
 268         MemberName tmp0 = null;
 269         InternTransaction tx = new InternTransaction(field.getDeclaringClass());
 270         while (tmp0 == null) {
 271             MemberName tmp = new MemberName(field, makeSetter);
 272             tmp0 = tx.tryIntern(tmp);
 273         }
 274         return tmp0;
 275     }
 276 
 277     /** Initialize a query.   It is not resolved. */
 278     private void init(Class<?> defClass, String name, Object type, int flags) {
 279         // defining class is allowed to be null (for a naked name/type pair)
 280         //name.toString();  // null check
 281         //type.equals(type);  // null check
 282         // fill in fields:
 283         this.clazz = defClass;
 284         this.name = name;
 285         this.type = type;
 286         this.flags = flags;
 287         assert(testAnyFlags(ALL_KINDS));
 288         assert(this.resolution == null);  // nobody should have touched this yet
 289         //assert(referenceKindIsConsistent());  // do this after resolution
 290     }
 291 
 292     private void initResolved(boolean isResolved) {
 293         assert(this.resolution == null);  // not initialized yet!
 294         if (!isResolved)
 295             this.resolution = this;
 296         assert(isResolved() == isResolved);
 297     }
 298 
 299     /**
 300      * Helper method to intern this member name in the declaring class' member name table.
 301      */
 302     @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
 303     private MemberName intern(int transaction_token) {
 304         return jla.internMemberName(clazz, this, transaction_token);
 305     }
 306 
 307     /**
 308      * Helper method to obtain the transaction token for interning, given Class clazz.
 309      * @param clazz
 310      * @return transaction token (class redefinition count)
 311      */
 312     static private int internTxnToken(Class clazz) {
 313         return clazz == null ? 0 : jla.getClassRedefinedCount(clazz);
 314     }
 315 
 316     /**
 317      * Helper method to obtain the transaction token for interning, given this.
 318      * @return
 319      */
 320     private int internTxnToken() {
 321         return internTxnToken(clazz);
 322     }
 323 
 324     /**
 325      * Helper method to conditionally intern cloned+modified member names.
 326      */
 327     private MemberName intern(MemberName likeThis, int transaction_token) {
 328         if (likeThis.isResolved())
 329             return intern(transaction_token);
 330         else
 331             return this;
 332     }
 333 
 334     /**
 335      * Helper class to handle the case where the class checked for no
 336      * redefinition may not be correct; resolution can end up with a different
 337      * class.
 338      */
 339     static class InternTransaction {
 340         Class<?> tx_class;
 341         int txn_token;
 342 
 343         InternTransaction(Class<?> tx_class) {
 344             this.tx_class = tx_class;
 345             this.txn_token = internTxnToken(tx_class);
 346         }
 347 
 348         /**
 349          * If member_name is not resolved, returns member_name; if is resolved,
 350          * attempts to intern member_name (once) while checking for races.
 351          *
 352          * @param member_name
 353          * @return member_name if not resolved, null if racing, otherwise
 354          *         value of interned member_name.
 355          */
 356         MemberName tryIntern(MemberName member_name) {
 357             if (member_name.isResolved()) {
 358                 if (member_name.clazz != tx_class) {
 359                     Class prev_tx_class = tx_class;
 360                     int prev_txn_token = txn_token;
 361                     tx_class = member_name.clazz;
 362                     txn_token = internTxnToken(tx_class);
 363                     // Zero is a special case.
 364                     if (txn_token != 0 ||
 365                         prev_txn_token != internTxnToken(prev_tx_class)) {
 366                         // Resolved class is different and at least one
 367                         // redef of it occurred, therefore repeat with
 368                         // proper class for race consistency checking.
 369                         return null;
 370                     }
 371                 }
 372                 member_name = member_name.intern(txn_token);
 373                 if (member_name == null) {
 374                     // Update the token for the next try.
 375                     txn_token = internTxnToken(tx_class);
 376                 }
 377             }
 378             return member_name;
 379         }
 380     }
 381 
 382     /** Return the declaring class of this member.
 383      *  In the case of a bare name and type, the declaring class will be null.
 384      */
 385     @Override
 386     public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
 387         return clazz;
 388     }
 389 
 390     /** Utility method producing the class loader of the declaring class. */
 391     public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
 392         return clazz.getClassLoader();
 393     }
 394 
 395     /** Return the simple name of this member.
 396      *  For a type, it is the same as {@link Class#getSimpleName}.
 397      *  For a method or field, it is the simple name of the member.
 398      *  For a constructor, it is always {@code "&lt;init&gt;"}.
 399      */
 400     @Override
 401     public String getName() {
 402         if (name == null) {
 403             expandFromVM();
 404             if (name == null) {
 405                 return null;
 406             }
 407         }
 408         return name;
 409     }
 410 
 411     public MethodType getMethodOrFieldType() {
 412         if (isInvocable())
 413             return getMethodType();
 414         if (isGetter())
 415             return MethodType.methodType(getFieldType());
 416         if (isSetter())
 417             return MethodType.methodType(void.class, getFieldType());
 418         throw new InternalError("not a method or field: "+this);
 419     }
 420 
 421     /** Return the declared type of this member, which
 422      *  must be a method or constructor.
 423      */
 424     public MethodType getMethodType() {
 425         if (type == null) {
 426             expandFromVM();
 427             if (type == null) {
 428                 return null;
 429             }
 430         }
 431         if (!isInvocable()) {
 432             throw newIllegalArgumentException("not invocable, no method type");
 433         }
 434 
 435         {
 436             // Get a snapshot of type which doesn't get changed by racing threads.
 437             final Object type = this.type;
 438             if (type instanceof MethodType) {
 439                 return (MethodType) type;
 440             }
 441         }
 442 
 443         // type is not a MethodType yet.  Convert it thread-safely.
 444         synchronized (this) {
 445             if (type instanceof String) {
 446                 String sig = (String) type;
 447                 MethodType res = MethodType.fromMethodDescriptorString(sig, getClassLoader());
 448                 type = res;
 449             } else if (type instanceof Object[]) {
 450                 Object[] typeInfo = (Object[]) type;
 451                 Class<?>[] ptypes = (Class<?>[]) typeInfo[1];
 452                 Class<?> rtype = (Class<?>) typeInfo[0];
 453                 MethodType res = MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes);
 454                 type = res;
 455             }
 456             // Make sure type is a MethodType for racing threads.
 457             assert type instanceof MethodType : "bad method type " + type;
 458         }
 459         return (MethodType) type;
 460     }
 461 
 462     /** Return the actual type under which this method or constructor must be invoked.
 463      *  For non-static methods or constructors, this is the type with a leading parameter,
 464      *  a reference to declaring class.  For static methods, it is the same as the declared type.
 465      */
 466     public MethodType getInvocationType() {
 467         MethodType itype = getMethodOrFieldType();
 468         if (isConstructor() && getReferenceKind() == REF_newInvokeSpecial)
 469             return itype.changeReturnType(clazz);
 470         if (!isStatic())
 471             return itype.insertParameterTypes(0, clazz);
 472         return itype;
 473     }
 474 
 475     /** Utility method producing the parameter types of the method type. */
 476     public Class<?>[] getParameterTypes() {
 477         return getMethodType().parameterArray();
 478     }
 479 
 480     /** Utility method producing the return type of the method type. */
 481     public Class<?> getReturnType() {
 482         return getMethodType().returnType();
 483     }
 484 
 485     /** Return the declared type of this member, which
 486      *  must be a field or type.
 487      *  If it is a type member, that type itself is returned.
 488      */
 489     public Class<?> getFieldType() {
 490         if (type == null) {
 491             expandFromVM();
 492             if (type == null) {
 493                 return null;
 494             }
 495         }
 496         if (isInvocable()) {
 497             throw newIllegalArgumentException("not a field or nested class, no simple type");
 498         }
 499 
 500         {
 501             // Get a snapshot of type which doesn't get changed by racing threads.
 502             final Object type = this.type;
 503             if (type instanceof Class<?>) {
 504                 return (Class<?>) type;
 505             }
 506         }
 507 
 508         // type is not a Class yet.  Convert it thread-safely.
 509         synchronized (this) {
 510             if (type instanceof String) {
 511                 String sig = (String) type;
 512                 MethodType mtype = MethodType.fromMethodDescriptorString("()"+sig, getClassLoader());
 513                 Class<?> res = mtype.returnType();
 514                 type = res;
 515             }
 516             // Make sure type is a Class for racing threads.
 517             assert type instanceof Class<?> : "bad field type " + type;
 518         }
 519         return (Class<?>) type;
 520     }
 521 
 522     /** Utility method to produce either the method type or field type of this member. */
 523     public Object getType() {
 524         return (isInvocable() ? getMethodType() : getFieldType());
 525     }
 526 
 527     /** Utility method to produce the signature of this member,
 528      *  used within the class file format to describe its type.
 529      */
 530     public String getSignature() {
 531         if (type == null) {
 532             expandFromVM();
 533             if (type == null) {
 534                 return null;
 535             }
 536         }
 537         if (isInvocable())
 538             return BytecodeDescriptor.unparse(getMethodType());
 539         else
 540             return BytecodeDescriptor.unparse(getFieldType());
 541     }
 542 
 543     /** Return the modifier flags of this member.
 544      *  @see java.lang.reflect.Modifier
 545      */
 546     @Override
 547     public int getModifiers() {
 548         return (flags & RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS);
 549     }
 550 
 551     /** Return the reference kind of this member, or zero if none.
 552      */
 553     public byte getReferenceKind() {
 554         return (byte) ((flags >>> MN_REFERENCE_KIND_SHIFT) & MN_REFERENCE_KIND_MASK);
 555     }
 556     private boolean referenceKindIsConsistent() {
 557         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 558         if (refKind == REF_NONE)  return isType();
 559         if (isField()) {
 560             assert(staticIsConsistent());
 561             assert(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind));
 562         } else if (isConstructor()) {
 563             assert(refKind == REF_newInvokeSpecial || refKind == REF_invokeSpecial);
 564         } else if (isMethod()) {
 565             assert(staticIsConsistent());
 566             assert(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsMethod(refKind));
 567             if (clazz.isInterface())
 568                 assert(refKind == REF_invokeInterface ||
 569                        refKind == REF_invokeStatic    ||
 570                        refKind == REF_invokeSpecial   ||
 571                        refKind == REF_invokeVirtual && isObjectPublicMethod());
 572         } else {
 573             assert(false);
 574         }
 575         return true;
 576     }
 577     private boolean isObjectPublicMethod() {
 578         if (clazz == Object.class)  return true;
 579         MethodType mtype = getMethodType();
 580         if (name.equals("toString") && mtype.returnType() == String.class && mtype.parameterCount() == 0)
 581             return true;
 582         if (name.equals("hashCode") && mtype.returnType() == int.class && mtype.parameterCount() == 0)
 583             return true;
 584         if (name.equals("equals") && mtype.returnType() == boolean.class && mtype.parameterCount() == 1 && mtype.parameterType(0) == Object.class)
 585             return true;
 586         return false;
 587     }
 588     /*non-public*/ boolean referenceKindIsConsistentWith(int originalRefKind) {
 589         int refKind = getReferenceKind();
 590         if (refKind == originalRefKind)  return true;
 591         switch (originalRefKind) {
 592         case REF_invokeInterface:
 593             // Looking up an interface method, can get (e.g.) Object.hashCode
 594             assert(refKind == REF_invokeVirtual ||
 595                    refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) : this;
 596             return true;
 597         case REF_invokeVirtual:
 598         case REF_newInvokeSpecial:
 599             // Looked up a virtual, can get (e.g.) final String.hashCode.
 600             assert(refKind == REF_invokeSpecial) : this;
 601             return true;
 602         }
 603         assert(false) : this+" != "+MethodHandleNatives.refKindName((byte)originalRefKind);
 604         return true;
 605     }
 606     private boolean staticIsConsistent() {
 607         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 608         return MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsStatic(refKind) == isStatic() || getModifiers() == 0;
 609     }
 610     private boolean vminfoIsConsistent() {
 611         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 612         assert(isResolved());  // else don't call
 613         Object vminfo = MethodHandleNatives.getMemberVMInfo(this);
 614         assert(vminfo instanceof Object[]);
 615         long vmindex = (Long) ((Object[])vminfo)[0];
 616         Object vmtarget = ((Object[])vminfo)[1];
 617         if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsField(refKind)) {
 618             assert(vmindex >= 0) : vmindex + ":" + this;
 619             assert(vmtarget instanceof Class);
 620         } else {
 621             if (MethodHandleNatives.refKindDoesDispatch(refKind))
 622                 assert(vmindex >= 0) : vmindex + ":" + this;
 623             else
 624                 assert(vmindex < 0) : vmindex;
 625             assert(vmtarget instanceof MemberName) : vmtarget + " in " + this;
 626         }
 627         return true;
 628     }
 629 
 630     private MemberName changeReferenceKind(byte refKind, byte oldKind) {
 631         assert(getReferenceKind() == oldKind);
 632         assert(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsValid(refKind));
 633         flags += (((int)refKind - oldKind) << MN_REFERENCE_KIND_SHIFT);
 634         return this;
 635     }
 636 
 637     private boolean testFlags(int mask, int value) {
 638         return (flags & mask) == value;
 639     }
 640     private boolean testAllFlags(int mask) {
 641         return testFlags(mask, mask);
 642     }
 643     private boolean testAnyFlags(int mask) {
 644         return !testFlags(mask, 0);
 645     }
 646 
 647     /** Utility method to query if this member is a method handle invocation (invoke or invokeExact).
 648      *  Also returns true for the non-public MH.invokeBasic.
 649      */
 650     public boolean isMethodHandleInvoke() {
 651         final int bits = MH_INVOKE_MODS &~ Modifier.PUBLIC;
 652         final int negs = Modifier.STATIC;
 653         if (testFlags(bits | negs, bits) &&
 654             clazz == MethodHandle.class) {
 655             return isMethodHandleInvokeName(name);
 656         }
 657         return false;
 658     }
 659     public static boolean isMethodHandleInvokeName(String name) {
 660         switch (name) {
 661         case "invoke":
 662         case "invokeExact":
 663         case "invokeBasic":  // internal sig-poly method
 664             return true;
 665         default:
 666             return false;
 667         }
 668     }
 669     private static final int MH_INVOKE_MODS = Modifier.NATIVE | Modifier.FINAL | Modifier.PUBLIC;
 670 
 671     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 672     public boolean isStatic() {
 673         return Modifier.isStatic(flags);
 674     }
 675     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 676     public boolean isPublic() {
 677         return Modifier.isPublic(flags);
 678     }
 679     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 680     public boolean isPrivate() {
 681         return Modifier.isPrivate(flags);
 682     }
 683     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 684     public boolean isProtected() {
 685         return Modifier.isProtected(flags);
 686     }
 687     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 688     public boolean isFinal() {
 689         return Modifier.isFinal(flags);
 690     }
 691     /** Utility method to query whether this member or its defining class is final. */
 692     public boolean canBeStaticallyBound() {
 693         return Modifier.isFinal(flags | clazz.getModifiers());
 694     }
 695     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 696     public boolean isVolatile() {
 697         return Modifier.isVolatile(flags);
 698     }
 699     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 700     public boolean isAbstract() {
 701         return Modifier.isAbstract(flags);
 702     }
 703     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member. */
 704     public boolean isNative() {
 705         return Modifier.isNative(flags);
 706     }
 707     // let the rest (native, volatile, transient, etc.) be tested via Modifier.isFoo
 708 
 709     // unofficial modifier flags, used by HotSpot:
 710     static final int BRIDGE    = 0x00000040;
 711     static final int VARARGS   = 0x00000080;
 712     static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
 713     static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
 714     static final int ENUM      = 0x00004000;
 715     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member; returns false if the member is not a method. */
 716     public boolean isBridge() {
 717         return testAllFlags(IS_METHOD | BRIDGE);
 718     }
 719     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member; returns false if the member is not a method. */
 720     public boolean isVarargs() {
 721         return testAllFlags(VARARGS) && isInvocable();
 722     }
 723     /** Utility method to query the modifier flags of this member; returns false if the member is not a method. */
 724     @Override
 725     public boolean isSynthetic() {
 726         return testAllFlags(SYNTHETIC);
 727     }
 728 
 729     static final String CONSTRUCTOR_NAME = "<init>";  // the ever-popular
 730 
 731     // modifiers exported by the JVM:
 732     static final int RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS = 0xFFFF;
 733 
 734     // private flags, not part of RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS:
 735     static final int
 736             IS_METHOD        = MN_IS_METHOD,        // method (not constructor)
 737             IS_CONSTRUCTOR   = MN_IS_CONSTRUCTOR,   // constructor
 738             IS_FIELD         = MN_IS_FIELD,         // field
 739             IS_TYPE          = MN_IS_TYPE,          // nested type
 740             CALLER_SENSITIVE = MN_CALLER_SENSITIVE; // @CallerSensitive annotation detected
 741 
 742     static final int ALL_ACCESS = Modifier.PUBLIC | Modifier.PRIVATE | Modifier.PROTECTED;
 743     static final int ALL_KINDS = IS_METHOD | IS_CONSTRUCTOR | IS_FIELD | IS_TYPE;
 744     static final int IS_INVOCABLE = IS_METHOD | IS_CONSTRUCTOR;
 745     static final int IS_FIELD_OR_METHOD = IS_METHOD | IS_FIELD;
 746     static final int SEARCH_ALL_SUPERS = MN_SEARCH_SUPERCLASSES | MN_SEARCH_INTERFACES;
 747 
 748     /** Utility method to query whether this member is a method or constructor. */
 749     public boolean isInvocable() {
 750         return testAnyFlags(IS_INVOCABLE);
 751     }
 752     /** Utility method to query whether this member is a method, constructor, or field. */
 753     public boolean isFieldOrMethod() {
 754         return testAnyFlags(IS_FIELD_OR_METHOD);
 755     }
 756     /** Query whether this member is a method. */
 757     public boolean isMethod() {
 758         return testAllFlags(IS_METHOD);
 759     }
 760     /** Query whether this member is a constructor. */
 761     public boolean isConstructor() {
 762         return testAllFlags(IS_CONSTRUCTOR);
 763     }
 764     /** Query whether this member is a field. */
 765     public boolean isField() {
 766         return testAllFlags(IS_FIELD);
 767     }
 768     /** Query whether this member is a type. */
 769     public boolean isType() {
 770         return testAllFlags(IS_TYPE);
 771     }
 772     /** Utility method to query whether this member is neither public, private, nor protected. */
 773     public boolean isPackage() {
 774         return !testAnyFlags(ALL_ACCESS);
 775     }
 776     /** Query whether this member has a CallerSensitive annotation. */
 777     public boolean isCallerSensitive() {
 778         return testAllFlags(CALLER_SENSITIVE);
 779     }
 780 
 781     /** Utility method to query whether this member is accessible from a given lookup class. */
 782     public boolean isAccessibleFrom(Class<?> lookupClass) {
 783         return VerifyAccess.isMemberAccessible(this.getDeclaringClass(), this.getDeclaringClass(), flags,
 784                                                lookupClass, ALL_ACCESS|MethodHandles.Lookup.PACKAGE);
 785     }
 786 
 787     /**
 788      * Calls down to the VM to fill in the fields.  This method is
 789      * synchronized to avoid racing calls.
 790      */
 791     private void expandFromVM() {
 792         if (type != null) {
 793             return;
 794         }
 795         if (!isResolved()) {
 796             return;
 797         }
 798         MethodHandleNatives.expand(this);
 799     }
 800 
 801     // Capturing information from the Core Reflection API:
 802     private static int flagsMods(int flags, int mods, byte refKind) {
 803         assert((flags & RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS) == 0);
 804         assert((mods & ~RECOGNIZED_MODIFIERS) == 0);
 805         assert((refKind & ~MN_REFERENCE_KIND_MASK) == 0);
 806         return flags | mods | (refKind << MN_REFERENCE_KIND_SHIFT);
 807     }
 808 
 809     public MemberName asSpecial() {
 810         switch (getReferenceKind()) {
 811         case REF_invokeSpecial:     return this;
 812         case REF_invokeVirtual:     return cloneAndChangeReferenceKindAndIntern(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeVirtual);
 813         case REF_invokeInterface:   return cloneAndChangeReferenceKindAndIntern(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_invokeInterface);
 814         case REF_newInvokeSpecial:  return cloneAndChangeReferenceKindAndIntern(REF_invokeSpecial, REF_newInvokeSpecial);
 815         }
 816         throw new IllegalArgumentException(this.toString());
 817     }
 818     /** If this MN is not REF_newInvokeSpecial, return a clone with that ref. kind.
 819      *  In that case it must already be REF_invokeSpecial.
 820      */
 821     public MemberName asConstructor() {
 822         switch (getReferenceKind()) {
 823         case REF_invokeSpecial:     return cloneAndChangeReferenceKindAndIntern(REF_newInvokeSpecial, REF_invokeSpecial);
 824         case REF_newInvokeSpecial:  return this;
 825         }
 826         throw new IllegalArgumentException(this.toString());
 827     }
 828     /** If this MN is a REF_invokeSpecial, return a clone with the "normal" kind
 829      *  REF_invokeVirtual; also switch either to REF_invokeInterface if clazz.isInterface.
 830      *  The end result is to get a fully virtualized version of the MN.
 831      *  (Note that resolving in the JVM will sometimes devirtualize, changing
 832      *  REF_invokeVirtual of a final to REF_invokeSpecial, and REF_invokeInterface
 833      *  in some corner cases to either of the previous two; this transform
 834      *  undoes that change under the assumption that it occurred.)
 835      */
 836     public MemberName asNormalOriginal() {
 837         byte normalVirtual = clazz.isInterface() ? REF_invokeInterface : REF_invokeVirtual;
 838         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 839         byte newRefKind = refKind;
 840         MemberName result = this;
 841         switch (refKind) {
 842         case REF_invokeInterface:
 843         case REF_invokeVirtual:
 844         case REF_invokeSpecial:
 845             newRefKind = normalVirtual;
 846             break;
 847         }
 848         if (newRefKind == refKind)
 849             return this;
 850         result = cloneAndChangeReferenceKindAndIntern(newRefKind, refKind);
 851         assert(this.referenceKindIsConsistentWith(result.getReferenceKind()));
 852         return result;
 853     }
 854 
 855     /**
 856      * Clones, changes reference kind in the clone, and if this is resolved,
 857      * also interns the result, repeating the intern operation till it succeeds.
 858      *
 859      * @param refKind
 860      * @param oldKind
 861      * @return
 862      */
 863     private MemberName cloneAndChangeReferenceKindAndIntern(byte refKind, byte oldKind) {
 864         MemberName tmp0 = null;
 865         while (tmp0 == null) {
 866             int tx_token = internTxnToken(); // this and clone will have same token
 867             tmp0 = clone().changeReferenceKind(refKind, oldKind).intern(this, tx_token);
 868         }
 869         return tmp0;
 870     }
 871 
 872     public boolean isGetter() {
 873         return MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsGetter(getReferenceKind());
 874     }
 875     public boolean isSetter() {
 876         return MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsSetter(getReferenceKind());
 877     }
 878     public MemberName asSetter() {
 879         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
 880         assert(MethodHandleNatives.refKindIsGetter(refKind));
 881         assert((REF_putStatic - REF_getStatic) == (REF_putField - REF_getField));
 882         byte setterRefKind = (byte)(refKind + (REF_putField - REF_getField));
 883         return cloneAndChangeReferenceKindAndIntern(setterRefKind, refKind);
 884     }
 885     /**
 886      * Create a name for a signature-polymorphic invoker.
 887      * This is a placeholder for a signature-polymorphic instance
 888      * (of MH.invokeExact, etc.) that the JVM does not reify.
 889      * The returned MemberName is not resolved.
 890      * See comments on {@link MethodHandleNatives#linkMethod}.
 891      */
 892     static MemberName makeMethodHandleInvoke(String name, MethodType type) {
 893         return makeMethodHandleInvoke(name, type, MH_INVOKE_MODS | SYNTHETIC);
 894     }
 895     static MemberName makeMethodHandleInvoke(String name, MethodType type, int mods) {
 896         MemberName mem = new MemberName(MethodHandle.class, name, type, REF_invokeVirtual);
 897         mem.flags |= mods;  // it's not resolved, but add these modifiers anyway
 898         assert(mem.isMethodHandleInvoke()) : mem;
 899         return mem;
 900     }
 901 
 902     // locally useful cloner
 903     @Override protected MemberName clone() {
 904         try {
 905             return (MemberName) super.clone();
 906         } catch (CloneNotSupportedException ex) {
 907             throw newInternalError(ex);
 908         }
 909      }
 910 
 911     /** Get the definition of this member name.
 912      *  This may be in a super-class of the declaring class of this member.
 913      */
 914     public MemberName getDefinition() {
 915         if (!isResolved())  throw new IllegalStateException("must be resolved: "+this);
 916         if (isType())  return this;
 917         MemberName res = this.clone();
 918         res.clazz = null;
 919         res.type = null;
 920         res.name = null;
 921         res.resolution = res;
 922         res.expandFromVM();
 923         assert(res.getName().equals(this.getName()));
 924         return res;
 925     }
 926 
 927     @Override
 928     public int hashCode() {
 929         return Objects.hash(clazz, getReferenceKind(), name, getType());
 930     }
 931     @Override
 932     public boolean equals(Object that) {
 933         return (that instanceof MemberName && this.equals((MemberName)that));
 934     }
 935 
 936     /** Decide if two member names have exactly the same symbolic content.
 937      *  Does not take into account any actual class members, so even if
 938      *  two member names resolve to the same actual member, they may
 939      *  be distinct references.
 940      */
 941     public boolean equals(MemberName that) {
 942         if (this == that)  return true;
 943         if (that == null)  return false;
 944         return this.clazz == that.clazz
 945                 && this.getReferenceKind() == that.getReferenceKind()
 946                 && Objects.equals(this.name, that.name)
 947                 && Objects.equals(this.getType(), that.getType());
 948     }
 949 
 950     @Override
 951     public int compareTo(Object o) {
 952         MemberName that = (MemberName) o;
 953 
 954         /* First test equals.  This make the ordering checks easier because we
 955          * don't have to be precise and can use hash codes.
 956          */
 957         if (equals(that)) {
 958             return 0;
 959         }
 960 
 961         int diff = Integer.compare(this.name.hashCode(), that.name.hashCode());
 962         if (diff != 0) {
 963             return diff;
 964         }
 965 
 966         diff = this.getReferenceKind() - that.getReferenceKind();
 967         if (diff != 0) {
 968             return diff;
 969         }
 970 
 971         diff = Integer.compare(this.getType().hashCode(), that.getType().hashCode());
 972         if (diff != 0) {
 973             return diff;
 974         }
 975 
 976         // Hashcodes apparently collided, try more detail.
 977         diff = this.name.compareTo(that.name);
 978         if (diff != 0) {
 979             return diff;
 980         }
 981 
 982         // The classes ought to all be equal anyway in the usual use of
 983         // compareTo, so check these later,
 984         // but before comparing getType.toString().
 985         diff = Integer.compare(this.clazz.hashCode(),that.clazz.hashCode());
 986         if (diff != 0) {
 987             return diff;
 988         }
 989 
 990         diff = this.clazz.getName().compareTo(that.clazz.getName());
 991         if (diff != 0) {
 992             return diff;
 993         }
 994 
 995         diff = this.getType().toString().compareTo(that.getType().toString());
 996         if (diff != 0) {
 997             return diff;
 998         }
 999 
1000         // Nothing left but classLoaders.
1001         ClassLoader thisCl = this.getClassLoader();
1002         ClassLoader thatCl = that.getClassLoader();
1003 
1004         if (thisCl == thatCl) return 0;
1005 
1006         diff = Integer.compare(thisCl == null ? 0 : thisCl.hashCode(),
1007                                thatCl == null ? 0 : thatCl.hashCode());
1008 
1009         return diff;
1010     }
1011 
1012     /** Query whether this member name is resolved to a non-static, non-final method.
1013      */
1014     public boolean hasReceiverTypeDispatch() {
1015         return MethodHandleNatives.refKindDoesDispatch(getReferenceKind());
1016     }
1017 
1018     /** Query whether this member name is resolved.
1019      *  A resolved member name is one for which the JVM has found
1020      *  a method, constructor, field, or type binding corresponding exactly to the name.
1021      *  (Document?)
1022      */
1023     public boolean isResolved() {
1024         return resolution == null;
1025     }
1026 
1027     void checkForTypeAlias() {
1028         if (isInvocable()) {
1029             MethodType type;
1030             if (this.type instanceof MethodType)
1031                 type = (MethodType) this.type;
1032             else
1033                 this.type = type = getMethodType();
1034             if (type.erase() == type)  return;
1035             if (VerifyAccess.isTypeVisible(type, clazz))  return;
1036             throw new LinkageError("bad method type alias: "+type+" not visible from "+clazz);
1037         } else {
1038             Class<?> type;
1039             if (this.type instanceof Class<?>)
1040                 type = (Class<?>) this.type;
1041             else
1042                 this.type = type = getFieldType();
1043             if (VerifyAccess.isTypeVisible(type, clazz))  return;
1044             throw new LinkageError("bad field type alias: "+type+" not visible from "+clazz);
1045         }
1046     }
1047 
1048 
1049     /** Produce a string form of this member name.
1050      *  For types, it is simply the type's own string (as reported by {@code toString}).
1051      *  For fields, it is {@code "DeclaringClass.name/type"}.
1052      *  For methods and constructors, it is {@code "DeclaringClass.name(ptype...)rtype"}.
1053      *  If the declaring class is null, the prefix {@code "DeclaringClass."} is omitted.
1054      *  If the member is unresolved, a prefix {@code "*."} is prepended.
1055      */
1056     @SuppressWarnings("LocalVariableHidesMemberVariable")
1057     @Override
1058     public String toString() {
1059         if (isType())
1060             return type.toString();  // class java.lang.String
1061         // else it is a field, method, or constructor
1062         StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
1063         if (getDeclaringClass() != null) {
1064             buf.append(getName(clazz));
1065             buf.append('.');
1066         }
1067         String name = getName();
1068         buf.append(name == null ? "*" : name);
1069         Object type = getType();
1070         if (!isInvocable()) {
1071             buf.append('/');
1072             buf.append(type == null ? "*" : getName(type));
1073         } else {
1074             buf.append(type == null ? "(*)*" : getName(type));
1075         }
1076         byte refKind = getReferenceKind();
1077         if (refKind != REF_NONE) {
1078             buf.append('/');
1079             buf.append(MethodHandleNatives.refKindName(refKind));
1080         }
1081         //buf.append("#").append(System.identityHashCode(this));
1082         return buf.toString();
1083     }
1084     private static String getName(Object obj) {
1085         if (obj instanceof Class<?>)
1086             return ((Class<?>)obj).getName();
1087         return String.valueOf(obj);
1088     }
1089 
1090     public IllegalAccessException makeAccessException(String message, Object from) {
1091         message = message + ": "+ toString();
1092         if (from != null)  message += ", from " + from;
1093         return new IllegalAccessException(message);
1094     }
1095     private String message() {
1096         if (isResolved())
1097             return "no access";
1098         else if (isConstructor())
1099             return "no such constructor";
1100         else if (isMethod())
1101             return "no such method";
1102         else
1103             return "no such field";
1104     }
1105     public ReflectiveOperationException makeAccessException() {
1106         String message = message() + ": "+ toString();
1107         ReflectiveOperationException ex;
1108         if (isResolved() || !(resolution instanceof NoSuchMethodError ||
1109                               resolution instanceof NoSuchFieldError))
1110             ex = new IllegalAccessException(message);
1111         else if (isConstructor())
1112             ex = new NoSuchMethodException(message);
1113         else if (isMethod())
1114             ex = new NoSuchMethodException(message);
1115         else
1116             ex = new NoSuchFieldException(message);
1117         if (resolution instanceof Throwable)
1118             ex.initCause((Throwable) resolution);
1119         return ex;
1120     }
1121 
1122     /** Actually making a query requires an access check. */
1123     /*non-public*/ static Factory getFactory() {
1124         return Factory.INSTANCE;
1125     }
1126     /** A factory type for resolving member names with the help of the VM.
1127      *  TBD: Define access-safe public constructors for this factory.
1128      */
1129     /*non-public*/ static class Factory {
1130         private Factory() { } // singleton pattern
1131         static Factory INSTANCE = new Factory();
1132 
1133         private final static int ALLOWED_FLAGS = ALL_KINDS;
1134 
1135         /// Queries
1136         List<MemberName> getMembers(Class<?> defc,
1137                 String matchName, Object matchType,
1138                 int matchFlags, Class<?> lookupClass) {
1139             matchFlags &= ALLOWED_FLAGS;
1140             String matchSig = null;
1141             if (matchType != null) {
1142                 matchSig = BytecodeDescriptor.unparse(matchType);
1143                 if (matchSig.startsWith("("))
1144                     matchFlags &= ~(ALL_KINDS & ~IS_INVOCABLE);
1145                 else
1146                     matchFlags &= ~(ALL_KINDS & ~IS_FIELD);
1147             }
1148             final int BUF_MAX = 0x2000;
1149             int len1 = matchName == null ? 10 : matchType == null ? 4 : 1;
1150             MemberName[] buf = newMemberBuffer(len1);
1151             int totalCount = 0;
1152             ArrayList<MemberName[]> bufs = null;
1153             int bufCount = 0;
1154             for (;;) {
1155                 bufCount = MethodHandleNatives.getMembers(defc,
1156                         matchName, matchSig, matchFlags,
1157                         lookupClass,
1158                         totalCount, buf);
1159                 if (bufCount <= buf.length) {
1160                     if (bufCount < 0)  bufCount = 0;
1161                     totalCount += bufCount;
1162                     break;
1163                 }
1164                 // JVM returned to us with an intentional overflow!
1165                 totalCount += buf.length;
1166                 int excess = bufCount - buf.length;
1167                 if (bufs == null)  bufs = new ArrayList<>(1);
1168                 bufs.add(buf);
1169                 int len2 = buf.length;
1170                 len2 = Math.max(len2, excess);
1171                 len2 = Math.max(len2, totalCount / 4);
1172                 buf = newMemberBuffer(Math.min(BUF_MAX, len2));
1173             }
1174             ArrayList<MemberName> result = new ArrayList<>(totalCount);
1175             if (bufs != null) {
1176                 for (MemberName[] buf0 : bufs) {
1177                     Collections.addAll(result, buf0);
1178                 }
1179             }
1180             result.addAll(Arrays.asList(buf).subList(0, bufCount));
1181             // Signature matching is not the same as type matching, since
1182             // one signature might correspond to several types.
1183             // So if matchType is a Class or MethodType, refilter the results.
1184             if (matchType != null && matchType != matchSig) {
1185                 for (Iterator<MemberName> it = result.iterator(); it.hasNext();) {
1186                     MemberName m = it.next();
1187                     if (!matchType.equals(m.getType()))
1188                         it.remove();
1189                 }
1190             }
1191             return result;
1192         }
1193         /** Produce a resolved version of the given member.
1194          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1195          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1196          *  If lookup fails or access is not permitted, null is returned.
1197          *  Otherwise a fresh copy of the given member is returned, with modifier bits filled in.
1198          */
1199         private static MemberName resolve(byte refKind, MemberName ref, Class<?> lookupClass) {
1200             MemberName m = ref.clone();  // JVM will side-effect the ref
1201             assert(refKind == m.getReferenceKind());
1202             try {
1203                 m = MethodHandleNatives.resolve(m, lookupClass);
1204                 m.checkForTypeAlias();
1205                 m.resolution = null;
1206             } catch (LinkageError ex) {
1207                 // JVM reports that the "bytecode behavior" would get an error
1208                 assert(!m.isResolved());
1209                 m.resolution = ex;
1210                 return m;
1211             }
1212             assert(m.referenceKindIsConsistent());
1213             m.initResolved(true);
1214             assert(m.vminfoIsConsistent());
1215             // m = m.intern(); // do not intern -- caller should intern instead.
1216             return m;
1217         }
1218         /** Produce a resolved version of the given member.
1219          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1220          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1221          *  If lookup fails or access is not permitted, a {@linkplain ReflectiveOperationException} is thrown.
1222          *  Otherwise the given member or its interned copy is returned, with modifier bits filled in.
1223          */
1224         public
1225         <NoSuchMemberException extends ReflectiveOperationException>
1226                 MemberName resolveOrFail(byte refKind, MemberName m, Class<?> lookupClass,
1227                         Class<NoSuchMemberException> nsmClass)
1228                 throws IllegalAccessException, NoSuchMemberException {
1229             MemberName result = resolveOrNot(refKind, m, lookupClass);
1230 
1231             if (result.isResolved()) {
1232                 return result;
1233             } else { // not resolved, throw exception
1234                 ReflectiveOperationException ex = result.makeAccessException();
1235                 if (ex instanceof IllegalAccessException) {
1236                     throw (IllegalAccessException) ex;
1237                 }
1238                 throw nsmClass.cast(ex);
1239             }
1240         }
1241         /** Produce a resolved version of the given member.
1242          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1243          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1244          *  If lookup fails or access is not permitted, return null.
1245          *  Otherwise the given member or its interned copy is returned, with modifier bits filled in.
1246          */
1247         public
1248         MemberName resolveOrNull(byte refKind, MemberName m, Class<?> lookupClass) {
1249             MemberName result = resolveOrNot(refKind, m, lookupClass);
1250             return result.isResolved() ? result : null;
1251         }
1252 
1253         private static
1254         MemberName resolveOrNot(byte refKind, MemberName m, Class<?> lookupClass) {
1255             MemberName result = null;
1256             Class tx_class = m.clazz; // Guess a class for race detection.
1257             while (result == null) { // iterate till no race.
1258                 int txn_token = internTxnToken(tx_class);
1259 
1260                 MemberName result0 = resolve(refKind, m, lookupClass);
1261 
1262                 if (result0.isResolved()) {
1263                     if (result0.clazz != tx_class) { // Confirm/correct guess
1264                         Class prev_tx_class = tx_class;
1265                         int prev_txn_token = txn_token;
1266                         tx_class = result0.clazz;
1267                         txn_token = internTxnToken(tx_class);
1268                         // The guess may be good enough
1269                         if (txn_token != 0 ||
1270                             prev_txn_token != internTxnToken(prev_tx_class)) {
1271                             // Resolved class is different and at least one
1272                             // redef occurred, therefore repeat with
1273                             // proper class for race consistency checking.
1274                             continue;
1275                         }
1276                     }
1277                     result = result0.intern(txn_token);
1278                 } else { // Resolution failed, do not intern, return unresolved MemberName
1279                     return result0;
1280                 }
1281             }
1282             return result;
1283         }
1284 
1285         /** Return a list of all methods defined by the given class.
1286          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1287          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1288          *  Inaccessible members are not added to the last.
1289          */
1290         public List<MemberName> getMethods(Class<?> defc, boolean searchSupers,
1291                 Class<?> lookupClass) {
1292             return getMethods(defc, searchSupers, null, null, lookupClass);
1293         }
1294         /** Return a list of matching methods defined by the given class.
1295          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1296          *  Returned methods will match the name (if not null) and the type (if not null).
1297          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1298          *  Inaccessible members are not added to the last.
1299          */
1300         public List<MemberName> getMethods(Class<?> defc, boolean searchSupers,
1301                 String name, MethodType type, Class<?> lookupClass) {
1302             int matchFlags = IS_METHOD | (searchSupers ? SEARCH_ALL_SUPERS : 0);
1303             return getMembers(defc, name, type, matchFlags, lookupClass);
1304         }
1305         /** Return a list of all constructors defined by the given class.
1306          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1307          *  Inaccessible members are not added to the last.
1308          */
1309         public List<MemberName> getConstructors(Class<?> defc, Class<?> lookupClass) {
1310             return getMembers(defc, null, null, IS_CONSTRUCTOR, lookupClass);
1311         }
1312         /** Return a list of all fields defined by the given class.
1313          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1314          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1315          *  Inaccessible members are not added to the last.
1316          */
1317         public List<MemberName> getFields(Class<?> defc, boolean searchSupers,
1318                 Class<?> lookupClass) {
1319             return getFields(defc, searchSupers, null, null, lookupClass);
1320         }
1321         /** Return a list of all fields defined by the given class.
1322          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1323          *  Returned fields will match the name (if not null) and the type (if not null).
1324          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1325          *  Inaccessible members are not added to the last.
1326          */
1327         public List<MemberName> getFields(Class<?> defc, boolean searchSupers,
1328                 String name, Class<?> type, Class<?> lookupClass) {
1329             int matchFlags = IS_FIELD | (searchSupers ? SEARCH_ALL_SUPERS : 0);
1330             return getMembers(defc, name, type, matchFlags, lookupClass);
1331         }
1332         /** Return a list of all nested types defined by the given class.
1333          *  Super types are searched (for inherited members) if {@code searchSupers} is true.
1334          *  Access checking is performed on behalf of the given {@code lookupClass}.
1335          *  Inaccessible members are not added to the last.
1336          */
1337         public List<MemberName> getNestedTypes(Class<?> defc, boolean searchSupers,
1338                 Class<?> lookupClass) {
1339             int matchFlags = IS_TYPE | (searchSupers ? SEARCH_ALL_SUPERS : 0);
1340             return getMembers(defc, null, null, matchFlags, lookupClass);
1341         }
1342         private static MemberName[] newMemberBuffer(int length) {
1343             MemberName[] buf = new MemberName[length];
1344             // fill the buffer with dummy structs for the JVM to fill in
1345             for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
1346                 buf[i] = new MemberName();
1347             return buf;
1348         }
1349     }
1350 }