1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/dictionary.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  30 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  31 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  32 #include "memory/heapInspection.hpp"
  33 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  34 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  35 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  36 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  37 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  38 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  39 #include "oops/klass.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  42 #include "runtime/orderAccess.inline.hpp"
  43 #include "trace/traceMacros.hpp"
  44 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  45 #include "utilities/stack.inline.hpp"
  46 
  47 void Klass::set_java_mirror(Handle m) {
  48   assert(!m.is_null(), "New mirror should never be null.");
  49   assert(_java_mirror.resolve() == NULL, "should only be used to initialize mirror");
  50   _java_mirror = class_loader_data()->add_handle(m);
  51 }
  52 
  53 oop Klass::java_mirror() const {
  54   return _java_mirror.resolve();
  55 }
  56 
  57 bool Klass::is_cloneable() const {
  58   return _access_flags.is_cloneable_fast() ||
  59          is_subtype_of(SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
  60 }
  61 
  62 void Klass::set_is_cloneable() {
  63   if (name() != vmSymbols::java_lang_invoke_MemberName()) {
  64     _access_flags.set_is_cloneable_fast();
  65   } else {
  66     assert(is_final(), "no subclasses allowed");
  67     // MemberName cloning should not be intrinsified and always happen in JVM_Clone.
  68   }
  69 }
  70 
  71 void Klass::set_name(Symbol* n) {
  72   _name = n;
  73   if (_name != NULL) _name->increment_refcount();
  74 }
  75 
  76 bool Klass::is_subclass_of(const Klass* k) const {
  77   // Run up the super chain and check
  78   if (this == k) return true;
  79 
  80   Klass* t = const_cast<Klass*>(this)->super();
  81 
  82   while (t != NULL) {
  83     if (t == k) return true;
  84     t = t->super();
  85   }
  86   return false;
  87 }
  88 
  89 bool Klass::search_secondary_supers(Klass* k) const {
  90   // Put some extra logic here out-of-line, before the search proper.
  91   // This cuts down the size of the inline method.
  92 
  93   // This is necessary, since I am never in my own secondary_super list.
  94   if (this == k)
  95     return true;
  96   // Scan the array-of-objects for a match
  97   int cnt = secondary_supers()->length();
  98   for (int i = 0; i < cnt; i++) {
  99     if (secondary_supers()->at(i) == k) {
 100       ((Klass*)this)->set_secondary_super_cache(k);
 101       return true;
 102     }
 103   }
 104   return false;
 105 }
 106 
 107 // Return self, except for abstract classes with exactly 1
 108 // implementor.  Then return the 1 concrete implementation.
 109 Klass *Klass::up_cast_abstract() {
 110   Klass *r = this;
 111   while( r->is_abstract() ) {   // Receiver is abstract?
 112     Klass *s = r->subklass();   // Check for exactly 1 subklass
 113     if( !s || s->next_sibling() ) // Oops; wrong count; give up
 114       return this;              // Return 'this' as a no-progress flag
 115     r = s;                    // Loop till find concrete class
 116   }
 117   return r;                   // Return the 1 concrete class
 118 }
 119 
 120 // Find LCA in class hierarchy
 121 Klass *Klass::LCA( Klass *k2 ) {
 122   Klass *k1 = this;
 123   while( 1 ) {
 124     if( k1->is_subtype_of(k2) ) return k2;
 125     if( k2->is_subtype_of(k1) ) return k1;
 126     k1 = k1->super();
 127     k2 = k2->super();
 128   }
 129 }
 130 
 131 
 132 void Klass::check_valid_for_instantiation(bool throwError, TRAPS) {
 133   ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 134   THROW_MSG(throwError ? vmSymbols::java_lang_InstantiationError()
 135             : vmSymbols::java_lang_InstantiationException(), external_name());
 136 }
 137 
 138 
 139 void Klass::copy_array(arrayOop s, int src_pos, arrayOop d, int dst_pos, int length, TRAPS) {
 140   THROW(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArrayStoreException());
 141 }
 142 
 143 
 144 void Klass::initialize(TRAPS) {
 145   ShouldNotReachHere();
 146 }
 147 
 148 bool Klass::compute_is_subtype_of(Klass* k) {
 149   assert(k->is_klass(), "argument must be a class");
 150   return is_subclass_of(k);
 151 }
 152 
 153 Klass* Klass::find_field(Symbol* name, Symbol* sig, fieldDescriptor* fd) const {
 154 #ifdef ASSERT
 155   tty->print_cr("Error: find_field called on a klass oop."
 156                 " Likely error: reflection method does not correctly"
 157                 " wrap return value in a mirror object.");
 158 #endif
 159   ShouldNotReachHere();
 160   return NULL;
 161 }
 162 
 163 Method* Klass::uncached_lookup_method(const Symbol* name, const Symbol* signature, OverpassLookupMode overpass_mode) const {
 164 #ifdef ASSERT
 165   tty->print_cr("Error: uncached_lookup_method called on a klass oop."
 166                 " Likely error: reflection method does not correctly"
 167                 " wrap return value in a mirror object.");
 168 #endif
 169   ShouldNotReachHere();
 170   return NULL;
 171 }
 172 
 173 void* Klass::operator new(size_t size, ClassLoaderData* loader_data, size_t word_size, bool is_value, TRAPS) throw () {
 174   // Pad size in case need adjust to even/odd klass ptr
 175   uintptr_t addr = (uintptr_t) Metaspace::allocate(loader_data, word_size + (1 << LogKlassAlignment), MetaspaceObj::ClassType, THREAD);
 176   // values are odd, otherwise make even (and vice versa)
 177   if (is_value ^ (((addr & KlassPtrValueTypeMask) >> LogKlassAlignmentInBytes) != 0)) {
 178     addr += (1 << LogKlassAlignmentInBytes);
 179   }
 180   assert(is_aligned(addr, (1 << LogKlassAlignmentInBytes)), "Klass base alignment incorrect");
 181   assert( is_value || ((addr & KlassPtrValueTypeMask) == 0),  "Klass even alignment incorrect");
 182   assert(!is_value || ((addr & KlassPtrValueTypeMask) != 0), "Klass odd alignment incorrect");
 183  return (void*) addr;
 184 }
 185 
 186 // "Normal" instantiation is preceeded by a MetaspaceObj allocation
 187 // which zeros out memory - calloc equivalent.
 188 // The constructor is also used from CppVtableCloner,
 189 // which doesn't zero out the memory before calling the constructor.
 190 // Need to set the _java_mirror field explicitly to not hit an assert that the field
 191 // should be NULL before setting it.
 192 Klass::Klass() : _prototype_header(markOopDesc::prototype()),
 193                  _shared_class_path_index(-1),
 194                  _java_mirror(NULL) {
 195 
 196   _primary_supers[0] = this;
 197   set_super_check_offset(in_bytes(primary_supers_offset()));
 198 }
 199 
 200 jint Klass::array_layout_helper(BasicType etype) {
 201   assert(etype >= T_BOOLEAN && etype <= T_OBJECT, "valid etype");
 202   // Note that T_ARRAY is not allowed here.
 203   int  hsize = arrayOopDesc::base_offset_in_bytes(etype);
 204   int  esize = type2aelembytes(etype);
 205   bool isobj = (etype == T_OBJECT);
 206   int  tag   =  isobj ? _lh_array_tag_obj_value : _lh_array_tag_type_value;
 207   int lh = array_layout_helper(tag, hsize, etype, exact_log2(esize));
 208 
 209   assert(lh < (int)_lh_neutral_value, "must look like an array layout");
 210   assert(layout_helper_is_array(lh), "correct kind");
 211   assert(layout_helper_is_objArray(lh) == isobj, "correct kind");
 212   assert(layout_helper_is_typeArray(lh) == !isobj, "correct kind");
 213   assert(layout_helper_header_size(lh) == hsize, "correct decode");
 214   assert(layout_helper_element_type(lh) == etype, "correct decode");
 215   assert(1 << layout_helper_log2_element_size(lh) == esize, "correct decode");
 216 
 217   return lh;
 218 }
 219 
 220 bool Klass::can_be_primary_super_slow() const {
 221   if (super() == NULL)
 222     return true;
 223   else if (super()->super_depth() >= primary_super_limit()-1)
 224     return false;
 225   else
 226     return true;
 227 }
 228 
 229 void Klass::initialize_supers(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 230   if (FastSuperclassLimit == 0) {
 231     // None of the other machinery matters.
 232     set_super(k);
 233     return;
 234   }
 235   if (k == NULL) {
 236     set_super(NULL);
 237     _primary_supers[0] = this;
 238     assert(super_depth() == 0, "Object must already be initialized properly");
 239   } else if (k != super() || k == SystemDictionary::Object_klass()) {
 240     assert(super() == NULL || super() == SystemDictionary::Object_klass(),
 241            "initialize this only once to a non-trivial value");
 242     set_super(k);
 243     Klass* sup = k;
 244     int sup_depth = sup->super_depth();
 245     juint my_depth  = MIN2(sup_depth + 1, (int)primary_super_limit());
 246     if (!can_be_primary_super_slow())
 247       my_depth = primary_super_limit();
 248     for (juint i = 0; i < my_depth; i++) {
 249       _primary_supers[i] = sup->_primary_supers[i];
 250     }
 251     Klass* *super_check_cell;
 252     if (my_depth < primary_super_limit()) {
 253       _primary_supers[my_depth] = this;
 254       super_check_cell = &_primary_supers[my_depth];
 255     } else {
 256       // Overflow of the primary_supers array forces me to be secondary.
 257       super_check_cell = &_secondary_super_cache;
 258     }
 259     set_super_check_offset((address)super_check_cell - (address) this);
 260 
 261 #ifdef ASSERT
 262     {
 263       juint j = super_depth();
 264       assert(j == my_depth, "computed accessor gets right answer");
 265       Klass* t = this;
 266       while (!t->can_be_primary_super()) {
 267         t = t->super();
 268         j = t->super_depth();
 269       }
 270       for (juint j1 = j+1; j1 < primary_super_limit(); j1++) {
 271         assert(primary_super_of_depth(j1) == NULL, "super list padding");
 272       }
 273       while (t != NULL) {
 274         assert(primary_super_of_depth(j) == t, "super list initialization");
 275         t = t->super();
 276         --j;
 277       }
 278       assert(j == (juint)-1, "correct depth count");
 279     }
 280 #endif
 281   }
 282 
 283   if (secondary_supers() == NULL) {
 284 
 285     // Now compute the list of secondary supertypes.
 286     // Secondaries can occasionally be on the super chain,
 287     // if the inline "_primary_supers" array overflows.
 288     int extras = 0;
 289     Klass* p;
 290     for (p = super(); !(p == NULL || p->can_be_primary_super()); p = p->super()) {
 291       ++extras;
 292     }
 293 
 294     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);  // need to reclaim GrowableArrays allocated below
 295 
 296     // Compute the "real" non-extra secondaries.
 297     GrowableArray<Klass*>* secondaries = compute_secondary_supers(extras);
 298     if (secondaries == NULL) {
 299       // secondary_supers set by compute_secondary_supers
 300       return;
 301     }
 302 
 303     GrowableArray<Klass*>* primaries = new GrowableArray<Klass*>(extras);
 304 
 305     for (p = super(); !(p == NULL || p->can_be_primary_super()); p = p->super()) {
 306       int i;                    // Scan for overflow primaries being duplicates of 2nd'arys
 307 
 308       // This happens frequently for very deeply nested arrays: the
 309       // primary superclass chain overflows into the secondary.  The
 310       // secondary list contains the element_klass's secondaries with
 311       // an extra array dimension added.  If the element_klass's
 312       // secondary list already contains some primary overflows, they
 313       // (with the extra level of array-ness) will collide with the
 314       // normal primary superclass overflows.
 315       for( i = 0; i < secondaries->length(); i++ ) {
 316         if( secondaries->at(i) == p )
 317           break;
 318       }
 319       if( i < secondaries->length() )
 320         continue;               // It's a dup, don't put it in
 321       primaries->push(p);
 322     }
 323     // Combine the two arrays into a metadata object to pack the array.
 324     // The primaries are added in the reverse order, then the secondaries.
 325     int new_length = primaries->length() + secondaries->length();
 326     Array<Klass*>* s2 = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(
 327                                        class_loader_data(), new_length, CHECK);
 328     int fill_p = primaries->length();
 329     for (int j = 0; j < fill_p; j++) {
 330       s2->at_put(j, primaries->pop());  // add primaries in reverse order.
 331     }
 332     for( int j = 0; j < secondaries->length(); j++ ) {
 333       s2->at_put(j+fill_p, secondaries->at(j));  // add secondaries on the end.
 334     }
 335 
 336   #ifdef ASSERT
 337       // We must not copy any NULL placeholders left over from bootstrap.
 338     for (int j = 0; j < s2->length(); j++) {
 339       assert(s2->at(j) != NULL, "correct bootstrapping order");
 340     }
 341   #endif
 342 
 343     set_secondary_supers(s2);
 344   }
 345 }
 346 
 347 GrowableArray<Klass*>* Klass::compute_secondary_supers(int num_extra_slots) {
 348   assert(num_extra_slots == 0, "override for complex klasses");
 349   set_secondary_supers(Universe::the_empty_klass_array());
 350   return NULL;
 351 }
 352 
 353 
 354 InstanceKlass* Klass::superklass() const {
 355   assert(super() == NULL || super()->is_instance_klass(), "must be instance klass");
 356   return _super == NULL ? NULL : InstanceKlass::cast(_super);
 357 }
 358 
 359 void Klass::set_subklass(Klass* s) {
 360   assert(s != this, "sanity check");
 361   _subklass = s;
 362 }
 363 
 364 void Klass::set_next_sibling(Klass* s) {
 365   assert(s != this, "sanity check");
 366   _next_sibling = s;
 367 }
 368 
 369 void Klass::append_to_sibling_list() {
 370   debug_only(verify();)
 371   // add ourselves to superklass' subklass list
 372   InstanceKlass* super = superklass();
 373   if (super == NULL) return;        // special case: class Object
 374   assert((!super->is_interface()    // interfaces cannot be supers
 375           && (super->superklass() == NULL || !is_interface())),
 376          "an interface can only be a subklass of Object");
 377   Klass* prev_first_subklass = super->subklass();
 378   if (prev_first_subklass != NULL) {
 379     // set our sibling to be the superklass' previous first subklass
 380     set_next_sibling(prev_first_subklass);
 381   }
 382   // make ourselves the superklass' first subklass
 383   super->set_subklass(this);
 384   debug_only(verify();)
 385 }
 386 
 387 bool Klass::is_loader_alive(BoolObjectClosure* is_alive) {
 388 #ifdef ASSERT
 389   // The class is alive iff the class loader is alive.
 390   oop loader = class_loader();
 391   bool loader_alive = (loader == NULL) || is_alive->do_object_b(loader);
 392 #endif // ASSERT
 393 
 394   // The class is alive if it's mirror is alive (which should be marked if the
 395   // loader is alive) unless it's an anoymous class.
 396   bool mirror_alive = is_alive->do_object_b(java_mirror());
 397   assert(!mirror_alive || loader_alive, "loader must be alive if the mirror is"
 398                         " but not the other way around with anonymous classes");
 399   return mirror_alive;
 400 }
 401 
 402 void Klass::clean_weak_klass_links(BoolObjectClosure* is_alive, bool clean_alive_klasses) {
 403   if (!ClassUnloading) {
 404     return;
 405   }
 406 
 407   Klass* root = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 408   Stack<Klass*, mtGC> stack;
 409 
 410   stack.push(root);
 411   while (!stack.is_empty()) {
 412     Klass* current = stack.pop();
 413 
 414     assert(current->is_loader_alive(is_alive), "just checking, this should be live");
 415 
 416     // Find and set the first alive subklass
 417     Klass* sub = current->subklass();
 418     while (sub != NULL && !sub->is_loader_alive(is_alive)) {
 419 #ifndef PRODUCT
 420       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, class, unload)) {
 421         ResourceMark rm;
 422         log_trace(class, unload)("unlinking class (subclass): %s", sub->external_name());
 423       }
 424 #endif
 425       sub = sub->next_sibling();
 426     }
 427     current->set_subklass(sub);
 428     if (sub != NULL) {
 429       stack.push(sub);
 430     }
 431 
 432     // Find and set the first alive sibling
 433     Klass* sibling = current->next_sibling();
 434     while (sibling != NULL && !sibling->is_loader_alive(is_alive)) {
 435       if (log_is_enabled(Trace, class, unload)) {
 436         ResourceMark rm;
 437         log_trace(class, unload)("[Unlinking class (sibling) %s]", sibling->external_name());
 438       }
 439       sibling = sibling->next_sibling();
 440     }
 441     current->set_next_sibling(sibling);
 442     if (sibling != NULL) {
 443       stack.push(sibling);
 444     }
 445 
 446     // Clean the implementors list and method data.
 447     if (clean_alive_klasses && current->is_instance_klass()) {
 448       InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(current);
 449       ik->clean_weak_instanceklass_links(is_alive);
 450 
 451       // JVMTI RedefineClasses creates previous versions that are not in
 452       // the class hierarchy, so process them here.
 453       while ((ik = ik->previous_versions()) != NULL) {
 454         ik->clean_weak_instanceklass_links(is_alive);
 455       }
 456     }
 457   }
 458 }
 459 
 460 void Klass::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 461   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, cds)) {
 462     ResourceMark rm;
 463     log_trace(cds)("Iter(Klass): %p (%s)", this, external_name());
 464   }
 465 
 466   it->push(&_name);
 467   it->push(&_secondary_super_cache);
 468   it->push(&_secondary_supers);
 469   for (int i = 0; i < _primary_super_limit; i++) {
 470     it->push(&_primary_supers[i]);
 471   }
 472   it->push(&_super);
 473   it->push(&_subklass);
 474   it->push(&_next_sibling);
 475   it->push(&_next_link);
 476 
 477   vtableEntry* vt = start_of_vtable();
 478   for (int i=0; i<vtable_length(); i++) {
 479     it->push(vt[i].method_addr());
 480   }
 481 }
 482 
 483 void Klass::remove_unshareable_info() {
 484   assert (DumpSharedSpaces, "only called for DumpSharedSpaces");
 485   TRACE_REMOVE_ID(this);
 486   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, cds, unshareable)) {
 487     ResourceMark rm;
 488     log_trace(cds, unshareable)("remove: %s", external_name());
 489   }
 490 
 491   set_subklass(NULL);
 492   set_next_sibling(NULL);
 493   set_next_link(NULL);
 494 
 495   // Null out class_loader_data because we don't share that yet.
 496   set_class_loader_data(NULL);
 497   set_is_shared();
 498 }
 499 
 500 void Klass::remove_java_mirror() {
 501   assert (DumpSharedSpaces, "only called for DumpSharedSpaces");
 502   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, cds, unshareable)) {
 503     ResourceMark rm;
 504     log_trace(cds, unshareable)("remove java_mirror: %s", external_name());
 505   }
 506   // Just null out the mirror.  The class_loader_data() no longer exists.
 507   _java_mirror = NULL;
 508 }
 509 
 510 void Klass::restore_unshareable_info(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, Handle protection_domain, TRAPS) {
 511   assert(is_klass(), "ensure C++ vtable is restored");
 512   assert(is_shared(), "must be set");
 513   TRACE_RESTORE_ID(this);
 514   if (log_is_enabled(Trace, cds, unshareable)) {
 515     ResourceMark rm;
 516     log_trace(cds, unshareable)("restore: %s", external_name());
 517   }
 518 
 519   // If an exception happened during CDS restore, some of these fields may already be
 520   // set.  We leave the class on the CLD list, even if incomplete so that we don't
 521   // modify the CLD list outside a safepoint.
 522   if (class_loader_data() == NULL) {
 523     // Restore class_loader_data to the null class loader data
 524     set_class_loader_data(loader_data);
 525 
 526     // Add to null class loader list first before creating the mirror
 527     // (same order as class file parsing)
 528     loader_data->add_class(this);
 529   }
 530 
 531   // Recreate the class mirror.
 532   // Only recreate it if not present.  A previous attempt to restore may have
 533   // gotten an OOM later but keep the mirror if it was created.
 534   if (java_mirror() == NULL) {
 535     Handle loader(THREAD, loader_data->class_loader());
 536     ModuleEntry* module_entry = NULL;
 537     Klass* k = this;
 538     if (k->is_objArray_klass()) {
 539       k = ObjArrayKlass::cast(k)->bottom_klass();
 540     }
 541     // Obtain klass' module.
 542     if (k->is_instance_klass()) {
 543       InstanceKlass* ik = (InstanceKlass*) k;
 544       module_entry = ik->module();
 545     } else {
 546       module_entry = ModuleEntryTable::javabase_moduleEntry();
 547     }
 548     // Obtain java.lang.Module, if available
 549     Handle module_handle(THREAD, ((module_entry != NULL) ? module_entry->module() : (oop)NULL));
 550     java_lang_Class::create_mirror(this, loader, module_handle, protection_domain, CHECK);
 551   }
 552 }
 553 
 554 Klass* Klass::array_klass_or_null(int rank) {
 555   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 556   // No exception can be thrown by array_klass_impl when called with or_null == true.
 557   // (In anycase, the execption mark will fail if it do so)
 558   return array_klass_impl(true, rank, THREAD);
 559 }
 560 
 561 
 562 Klass* Klass::array_klass_or_null() {
 563   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 564   // No exception can be thrown by array_klass_impl when called with or_null == true.
 565   // (In anycase, the execption mark will fail if it do so)
 566   return array_klass_impl(true, THREAD);
 567 }
 568 
 569 
 570 Klass* Klass::array_klass_impl(bool or_null, int rank, TRAPS) {
 571   fatal("array_klass should be dispatched to InstanceKlass, ObjArrayKlass or TypeArrayKlass");
 572   return NULL;
 573 }
 574 
 575 
 576 Klass* Klass::array_klass_impl(bool or_null, TRAPS) {
 577   fatal("array_klass should be dispatched to InstanceKlass, ObjArrayKlass or TypeArrayKlass");
 578   return NULL;
 579 }
 580 
 581 oop Klass::class_loader() const { return class_loader_data()->class_loader(); }
 582 
 583 // In product mode, this function doesn't have virtual function calls so
 584 // there might be some performance advantage to handling InstanceKlass here.
 585 const char* Klass::external_name() const {
 586   if (is_instance_klass()) {
 587     const InstanceKlass* ik = static_cast<const InstanceKlass*>(this);
 588     if (ik->is_anonymous()) {
 589       char addr_buf[20];
 590       jio_snprintf(addr_buf, 20, "/" INTPTR_FORMAT, p2i(ik));
 591       size_t addr_len = strlen(addr_buf);
 592       size_t name_len = name()->utf8_length();
 593       char*  result   = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, name_len + addr_len + 1);
 594       name()->as_klass_external_name(result, (int) name_len + 1);
 595       assert(strlen(result) == name_len, "");
 596       strcpy(result + name_len, addr_buf);
 597       assert(strlen(result) == name_len + addr_len, "");
 598       return result;
 599     }
 600   }
 601   if (name() == NULL)  return "<unknown>";
 602   return name()->as_klass_external_name();
 603 }
 604 
 605 
 606 const char* Klass::signature_name() const {
 607   if (name() == NULL)  return "<unknown>";
 608   return name()->as_C_string();
 609 }
 610 
 611 // Unless overridden, modifier_flags is 0.
 612 jint Klass::compute_modifier_flags(TRAPS) const {
 613   return 0;
 614 }
 615 
 616 int Klass::atomic_incr_biased_lock_revocation_count() {
 617   return (int) Atomic::add(1, &_biased_lock_revocation_count);
 618 }
 619 
 620 // Unless overridden, jvmti_class_status has no flags set.
 621 jint Klass::jvmti_class_status() const {
 622   return 0;
 623 }
 624 
 625 
 626 // Printing
 627 
 628 void Klass::print_on(outputStream* st) const {
 629   ResourceMark rm;
 630   // print title
 631   st->print("%s", internal_name());
 632   print_address_on(st);
 633   st->cr();
 634 }
 635 
 636 void Klass::oop_print_on(oop obj, outputStream* st) {
 637   ResourceMark rm;
 638   // print title
 639   st->print_cr("%s ", internal_name());
 640   obj->print_address_on(st);
 641 
 642   if (WizardMode) {
 643      // print header
 644      obj->mark()->print_on(st);
 645   }
 646 
 647   // print class
 648   st->print(" - klass: ");
 649   obj->klass()->print_value_on(st);
 650   st->cr();
 651 }
 652 
 653 void Klass::oop_print_value_on(oop obj, outputStream* st) {
 654   // print title
 655   ResourceMark rm;              // Cannot print in debug mode without this
 656   st->print("%s", internal_name());
 657   obj->print_address_on(st);
 658 }
 659 
 660 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
 661 // Size Statistics
 662 void Klass::collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const {
 663   sz->_klass_bytes = sz->count(this);
 664   sz->_mirror_bytes = sz->count(java_mirror());
 665   sz->_secondary_supers_bytes = sz->count_array(secondary_supers());
 666 
 667   sz->_ro_bytes += sz->_secondary_supers_bytes;
 668   sz->_rw_bytes += sz->_klass_bytes + sz->_mirror_bytes;
 669 }
 670 #endif // INCLUDE_SERVICES
 671 
 672 // Verification
 673 
 674 void Klass::verify_on(outputStream* st) {
 675 
 676   // This can be expensive, but it is worth checking that this klass is actually
 677   // in the CLD graph but not in production.
 678   assert(Metaspace::contains((address)this), "Should be");
 679 
 680   guarantee(this->is_klass(),"should be klass");
 681 
 682   if (super() != NULL) {
 683     guarantee(super()->is_klass(), "should be klass");
 684   }
 685   if (secondary_super_cache() != NULL) {
 686     Klass* ko = secondary_super_cache();
 687     guarantee(ko->is_klass(), "should be klass");
 688   }
 689   for ( uint i = 0; i < primary_super_limit(); i++ ) {
 690     Klass* ko = _primary_supers[i];
 691     if (ko != NULL) {
 692       guarantee(ko->is_klass(), "should be klass");
 693     }
 694   }
 695 
 696   if (java_mirror() != NULL) {
 697     guarantee(oopDesc::is_oop(java_mirror()), "should be instance");
 698   }
 699 }
 700 
 701 void Klass::oop_verify_on(oop obj, outputStream* st) {
 702   guarantee(oopDesc::is_oop(obj),  "should be oop");
 703   guarantee(obj->klass()->is_klass(), "klass field is not a klass");
 704 }
 705 
 706 klassVtable Klass::vtable() const {
 707   return klassVtable(const_cast<Klass*>(this), start_of_vtable(), vtable_length() / vtableEntry::size());
 708 }
 709 
 710 vtableEntry* Klass::start_of_vtable() const {
 711   return (vtableEntry*) ((address)this + in_bytes(vtable_start_offset()));
 712 }
 713 
 714 Method* Klass::method_at_vtable(int index)  {
 715 #ifndef PRODUCT
 716   assert(index >= 0, "valid vtable index");
 717   if (DebugVtables) {
 718     verify_vtable_index(index);
 719   }
 720 #endif
 721   return start_of_vtable()[index].method();
 722 }
 723 
 724 ByteSize Klass::vtable_start_offset() {
 725   return in_ByteSize(InstanceKlass::header_size() * wordSize);
 726 }
 727 
 728 #ifndef PRODUCT
 729 
 730 bool Klass::verify_vtable_index(int i) {
 731   int limit = vtable_length()/vtableEntry::size();
 732   assert(i >= 0 && i < limit, "index %d out of bounds %d", i, limit);
 733   return true;
 734 }
 735 
 736 bool Klass::verify_itable_index(int i) {
 737   assert(is_instance_klass(), "");
 738   int method_count = klassItable::method_count_for_interface(this);
 739   assert(i >= 0 && i < method_count, "index out of bounds");
 740   return true;
 741 }
 742 
 743 #endif // PRODUCT
 744 
 745 // The caller of class_loader_and_module_name() (or one of its callers)
 746 // must use a ResourceMark in order to correctly free the result.
 747 const char* Klass::class_loader_and_module_name() const {
 748   const char* delim = "/";
 749   size_t delim_len = strlen(delim);
 750 
 751   const char* fqn = external_name();
 752   // Length of message to return; always include FQN
 753   size_t msglen = strlen(fqn) + 1;
 754 
 755   bool has_cl_name = false;
 756   bool has_mod_name = false;
 757   bool has_version = false;
 758 
 759   // Use class loader name, if exists and not builtin
 760   const char* class_loader_name = "";
 761   ClassLoaderData* cld = class_loader_data();
 762   assert(cld != NULL, "class_loader_data should not be NULL");
 763   if (!cld->is_builtin_class_loader_data()) {
 764     // If not builtin, look for name
 765     oop loader = class_loader();
 766     if (loader != NULL) {
 767       oop class_loader_name_oop = java_lang_ClassLoader::name(loader);
 768       if (class_loader_name_oop != NULL) {
 769         class_loader_name = java_lang_String::as_utf8_string(class_loader_name_oop);
 770         if (class_loader_name != NULL && class_loader_name[0] != '\0') {
 771           has_cl_name = true;
 772           msglen += strlen(class_loader_name) + delim_len;
 773         }
 774       }
 775     }
 776   }
 777 
 778   const char* module_name = "";
 779   const char* version = "";
 780   const Klass* bottom_klass = is_objArray_klass() ?
 781     ObjArrayKlass::cast(this)->bottom_klass() : this;
 782   if (bottom_klass->is_instance_klass()) {
 783     ModuleEntry* module = InstanceKlass::cast(bottom_klass)->module();
 784     // Use module name, if exists
 785     if (module->is_named()) {
 786       has_mod_name = true;
 787       module_name = module->name()->as_C_string();
 788       msglen += strlen(module_name);
 789       // Use version if exists and is not a jdk module
 790       if (module->is_non_jdk_module() && module->version() != NULL) {
 791         has_version = true;
 792         version = module->version()->as_C_string();
 793         msglen += strlen("@") + strlen(version);
 794       }
 795     }
 796   } else {
 797     // klass is an array of primitives, so its module is java.base
 798     module_name = JAVA_BASE_NAME;
 799   }
 800 
 801   if (has_cl_name || has_mod_name) {
 802     msglen += delim_len;
 803   }
 804 
 805   char* message = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY_RETURN_NULL(char, msglen);
 806 
 807   // Just return the FQN if error in allocating string
 808   if (message == NULL) {
 809     return fqn;
 810   }
 811 
 812   jio_snprintf(message, msglen, "%s%s%s%s%s%s%s",
 813                class_loader_name,
 814                (has_cl_name) ? delim : "",
 815                (has_mod_name) ? module_name : "",
 816                (has_version) ? "@" : "",
 817                (has_version) ? version : "",
 818                (has_cl_name || has_mod_name) ? delim : "",
 819                fqn);
 820   return message;
 821 }