1 /*
2 * Copyright (c) 1994, 2010, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
4 *
5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
10 *
11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
15 * accompanied this code).
16 *
17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
20 *
21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
23 * questions.
24 */
25
26 package java.lang;
27
28 import java.lang.reflect.Array;
29 import java.lang.reflect.GenericArrayType;
30 import java.lang.reflect.Member;
31 import java.lang.reflect.Field;
32 import java.lang.reflect.Method;
33 import java.lang.reflect.Constructor;
34 import java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration;
35 import java.lang.reflect.Modifier;
36 import java.lang.reflect.Type;
37 import java.lang.reflect.TypeVariable;
38 import java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException;
39 import java.lang.ref.SoftReference;
40 import java.io.InputStream;
41 import java.io.ObjectStreamField;
42 import java.security.AccessController;
43 import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
44 import java.util.ArrayList;
45 import java.util.Arrays;
46 import java.util.Collection;
47 import java.util.HashSet;
48 import java.util.Iterator;
49 import java.util.List;
50 import java.util.LinkedList;
51 import java.util.LinkedHashSet;
52 import java.util.Set;
53 import java.util.Map;
54 import java.util.HashMap;
55 import sun.misc.Unsafe;
56 import sun.reflect.ConstantPool;
57 import sun.reflect.Reflection;
58 import sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory;
59 import sun.reflect.SignatureIterator;
60 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.CoreReflectionFactory;
61 import sun.reflect.generics.factory.GenericsFactory;
62 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ClassRepository;
63 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.MethodRepository;
64 import sun.reflect.generics.repository.ConstructorRepository;
65 import sun.reflect.generics.scope.ClassScope;
66 import sun.security.util.SecurityConstants;
67 import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
68 import java.lang.reflect.Proxy;
69 import sun.reflect.annotation.*;
70 import sun.reflect.misc.ReflectUtil;
71
72 /**
73 * Instances of the class {@code Class} represent classes and
74 * interfaces in a running Java application. An enum is a kind of
75 * class and an annotation is a kind of interface. Every array also
76 * belongs to a class that is reflected as a {@code Class} object
77 * that is shared by all arrays with the same element type and number
78 * of dimensions. The primitive Java types ({@code boolean},
79 * {@code byte}, {@code char}, {@code short},
80 * {@code int}, {@code long}, {@code float}, and
81 * {@code double}), and the keyword {@code void} are also
82 * represented as {@code Class} objects.
83 *
84 * <p> {@code Class} has no public constructor. Instead {@code Class}
85 * objects are constructed automatically by the Java Virtual Machine as classes
86 * are loaded and by calls to the {@code defineClass} method in the class
87 * loader.
88 *
89 * <p> The following example uses a {@code Class} object to print the
90 * class name of an object:
91 *
92 * <p> <blockquote><pre>
93 * void printClassName(Object obj) {
94 * System.out.println("The class of " + obj +
95 * " is " + obj.getClass().getName());
96 * }
97 * </pre></blockquote>
98 *
99 * <p> It is also possible to get the {@code Class} object for a named
100 * type (or for void) using a class literal. See Section 15.8.2 of
101 * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>.
102 * For example:
103 *
104 * <p> <blockquote>
105 * {@code System.out.println("The name of class Foo is: "+Foo.class.getName());}
106 * </blockquote>
107 *
108 * @param <T> the type of the class modeled by this {@code Class}
109 * object. For example, the type of {@code String.class} is {@code
110 * Class<String>}. Use {@code Class<?>} if the class being modeled is
111 * unknown.
112 *
113 * @author unascribed
114 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#defineClass(byte[], int, int)
115 * @since JDK1.0
116 */
117 public final
118 class Class<T> implements java.io.Serializable,
119 java.lang.reflect.GenericDeclaration,
120 java.lang.reflect.Type,
121 java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement {
122 private static final int ANNOTATION= 0x00002000;
123 private static final int ENUM = 0x00004000;
124 private static final int SYNTHETIC = 0x00001000;
125
126 private static native void registerNatives();
127 static {
128 registerNatives();
129 }
130
131 /*
132 * Constructor. Only the Java Virtual Machine creates Class
133 * objects.
134 */
135 private Class() {}
136
137
138 /**
139 * Converts the object to a string. The string representation is the
140 * string "class" or "interface", followed by a space, and then by the
141 * fully qualified name of the class in the format returned by
142 * {@code getName}. If this {@code Class} object represents a
143 * primitive type, this method returns the name of the primitive type. If
144 * this {@code Class} object represents void this method returns
145 * "void".
146 *
147 * @return a string representation of this class object.
148 */
149 public String toString() {
150 return (isInterface() ? "interface " : (isPrimitive() ? "" : "class "))
151 + getName();
152 }
153
154
155 /**
156 * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
157 * interface with the given string name. Invoking this method is
158 * equivalent to:
159 *
160 * <blockquote>
161 * {@code Class.forName(className, true, currentLoader)}
162 * </blockquote>
163 *
164 * where {@code currentLoader} denotes the defining class loader of
165 * the current class.
166 *
167 * <p> For example, the following code fragment returns the
168 * runtime {@code Class} descriptor for the class named
169 * {@code java.lang.Thread}:
170 *
171 * <blockquote>
172 * {@code Class t = Class.forName("java.lang.Thread")}
173 * </blockquote>
174 * <p>
175 * A call to {@code forName("X")} causes the class named
176 * {@code X} to be initialized.
177 *
178 * @param className the fully qualified name of the desired class.
179 * @return the {@code Class} object for the class with the
180 * specified name.
181 * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
182 * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
183 * by this method fails
184 * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located
185 */
186 public static Class<?> forName(String className)
187 throws ClassNotFoundException {
188 return forName0(className, true, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader());
189 }
190
191
192 /**
193 * Returns the {@code Class} object associated with the class or
194 * interface with the given string name, using the given class loader.
195 * Given the fully qualified name for a class or interface (in the same
196 * format returned by {@code getName}) this method attempts to
197 * locate, load, and link the class or interface. The specified class
198 * loader is used to load the class or interface. If the parameter
199 * {@code loader} is null, the class is loaded through the bootstrap
200 * class loader. The class is initialized only if the
201 * {@code initialize} parameter is {@code true} and if it has
202 * not been initialized earlier.
203 *
204 * <p> If {@code name} denotes a primitive type or void, an attempt
205 * will be made to locate a user-defined class in the unnamed package whose
206 * name is {@code name}. Therefore, this method cannot be used to
207 * obtain any of the {@code Class} objects representing primitive
208 * types or void.
209 *
210 * <p> If {@code name} denotes an array class, the component type of
211 * the array class is loaded but not initialized.
212 *
213 * <p> For example, in an instance method the expression:
214 *
215 * <blockquote>
216 * {@code Class.forName("Foo")}
217 * </blockquote>
218 *
219 * is equivalent to:
220 *
221 * <blockquote>
222 * {@code Class.forName("Foo", true, this.getClass().getClassLoader())}
223 * </blockquote>
224 *
225 * Note that this method throws errors related to loading, linking or
226 * initializing as specified in Sections 12.2, 12.3 and 12.4 of <em>The
227 * Java Language Specification</em>.
228 * Note that this method does not check whether the requested class
229 * is accessible to its caller.
230 *
231 * <p> If the {@code loader} is {@code null}, and a security
232 * manager is present, and the caller's class loader is not null, then this
233 * method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission} method
234 * with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")} permission to
235 * ensure it's ok to access the bootstrap class loader.
236 *
237 * @param name fully qualified name of the desired class
238 * @param initialize whether the class must be initialized
239 * @param loader class loader from which the class must be loaded
240 * @return class object representing the desired class
241 *
242 * @exception LinkageError if the linkage fails
243 * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization provoked
244 * by this method fails
245 * @exception ClassNotFoundException if the class cannot be located by
246 * the specified class loader
247 *
248 * @see java.lang.Class#forName(String)
249 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
250 * @since 1.2
251 */
252 public static Class<?> forName(String name, boolean initialize,
253 ClassLoader loader)
254 throws ClassNotFoundException
255 {
256 if (loader == null) {
257 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
258 if (sm != null) {
259 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader();
260 if (ccl != null) {
261 sm.checkPermission(
262 SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
263 }
264 }
265 }
266 return forName0(name, initialize, loader);
267 }
268
269 /** Called after security checks have been made. */
270 private static native Class<?> forName0(String name, boolean initialize,
271 ClassLoader loader)
272 throws ClassNotFoundException;
273
274 /**
275 * Creates a new instance of the class represented by this {@code Class}
276 * object. The class is instantiated as if by a {@code new}
277 * expression with an empty argument list. The class is initialized if it
278 * has not already been initialized.
279 *
280 * <p>Note that this method propagates any exception thrown by the
281 * nullary constructor, including a checked exception. Use of
282 * this method effectively bypasses the compile-time exception
283 * checking that would otherwise be performed by the compiler.
284 * The {@link
285 * java.lang.reflect.Constructor#newInstance(java.lang.Object...)
286 * Constructor.newInstance} method avoids this problem by wrapping
287 * any exception thrown by the constructor in a (checked) {@link
288 * java.lang.reflect.InvocationTargetException}.
289 *
290 * @return a newly allocated instance of the class represented by this
291 * object.
292 * @exception IllegalAccessException if the class or its nullary
293 * constructor is not accessible.
294 * @exception InstantiationException
295 * if this {@code Class} represents an abstract class,
296 * an interface, an array class, a primitive type, or void;
297 * or if the class has no nullary constructor;
298 * or if the instantiation fails for some other reason.
299 * @exception ExceptionInInitializerError if the initialization
300 * provoked by this method fails.
301 * @exception SecurityException
302 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
303 * following conditions is met:
304 *
305 * <ul>
306 *
307 * <li> invocation of
308 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
309 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies
310 * creation of new instances of this class
311 *
312 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
313 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
314 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
315 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
316 * of this class
317 *
318 * </ul>
319 *
320 */
321 public T newInstance()
322 throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
323 {
324 if (System.getSecurityManager() != null) {
325 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), false);
326 }
327 return newInstance0();
328 }
329
330 private T newInstance0()
331 throws InstantiationException, IllegalAccessException
332 {
333 // NOTE: the following code may not be strictly correct under
334 // the current Java memory model.
335
336 // Constructor lookup
337 if (cachedConstructor == null) {
338 if (this == Class.class) {
339 throw new IllegalAccessException(
340 "Can not call newInstance() on the Class for java.lang.Class"
341 );
342 }
343 try {
344 Class<?>[] empty = {};
345 final Constructor<T> c = getConstructor0(empty, Member.DECLARED);
346 // Disable accessibility checks on the constructor
347 // since we have to do the security check here anyway
348 // (the stack depth is wrong for the Constructor's
349 // security check to work)
350 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
351 new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
352 public Void run() {
353 c.setAccessible(true);
354 return null;
355 }
356 });
357 cachedConstructor = c;
358 } catch (NoSuchMethodException e) {
359 throw new InstantiationException(getName());
360 }
361 }
362 Constructor<T> tmpConstructor = cachedConstructor;
363 // Security check (same as in java.lang.reflect.Constructor)
364 int modifiers = tmpConstructor.getModifiers();
365 if (!Reflection.quickCheckMemberAccess(this, modifiers)) {
366 Class<?> caller = Reflection.getCallerClass(3);
367 if (newInstanceCallerCache != caller) {
368 Reflection.ensureMemberAccess(caller, this, null, modifiers);
369 newInstanceCallerCache = caller;
370 }
371 }
372 // Run constructor
373 try {
374 return tmpConstructor.newInstance((Object[])null);
375 } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
376 Unsafe.getUnsafe().throwException(e.getTargetException());
377 // Not reached
378 return null;
379 }
380 }
381 private volatile transient Constructor<T> cachedConstructor;
382 private volatile transient Class<?> newInstanceCallerCache;
383
384
385 /**
386 * Determines if the specified {@code Object} is assignment-compatible
387 * with the object represented by this {@code Class}. This method is
388 * the dynamic equivalent of the Java language {@code instanceof}
389 * operator. The method returns {@code true} if the specified
390 * {@code Object} argument is non-null and can be cast to the
391 * reference type represented by this {@code Class} object without
392 * raising a {@code ClassCastException.} It returns {@code false}
393 * otherwise.
394 *
395 * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a
396 * declared class, this method returns {@code true} if the specified
397 * {@code Object} argument is an instance of the represented class (or
398 * of any of its subclasses); it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
399 * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, this method
400 * returns {@code true} if the specified {@code Object} argument
401 * can be converted to an object of the array class by an identity
402 * conversion or by a widening reference conversion; it returns
403 * {@code false} otherwise. If this {@code Class} object
404 * represents an interface, this method returns {@code true} if the
405 * class or any superclass of the specified {@code Object} argument
406 * implements this interface; it returns {@code false} otherwise. If
407 * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, this method
408 * returns {@code false}.
409 *
410 * @param obj the object to check
411 * @return true if {@code obj} is an instance of this class
412 *
413 * @since JDK1.1
414 */
415 public native boolean isInstance(Object obj);
416
417
418 /**
419 * Determines if the class or interface represented by this
420 * {@code Class} object is either the same as, or is a superclass or
421 * superinterface of, the class or interface represented by the specified
422 * {@code Class} parameter. It returns {@code true} if so;
423 * otherwise it returns {@code false}. If this {@code Class}
424 * object represents a primitive type, this method returns
425 * {@code true} if the specified {@code Class} parameter is
426 * exactly this {@code Class} object; otherwise it returns
427 * {@code false}.
428 *
429 * <p> Specifically, this method tests whether the type represented by the
430 * specified {@code Class} parameter can be converted to the type
431 * represented by this {@code Class} object via an identity conversion
432 * or via a widening reference conversion. See <em>The Java Language
433 * Specification</em>, sections 5.1.1 and 5.1.4 , for details.
434 *
435 * @param cls the {@code Class} object to be checked
436 * @return the {@code boolean} value indicating whether objects of the
437 * type {@code cls} can be assigned to objects of this class
438 * @exception NullPointerException if the specified Class parameter is
439 * null.
440 * @since JDK1.1
441 */
442 public native boolean isAssignableFrom(Class<?> cls);
443
444
445 /**
446 * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents an
447 * interface type.
448 *
449 * @return {@code true} if this object represents an interface;
450 * {@code false} otherwise.
451 */
452 public native boolean isInterface();
453
454
455 /**
456 * Determines if this {@code Class} object represents an array class.
457 *
458 * @return {@code true} if this object represents an array class;
459 * {@code false} otherwise.
460 * @since JDK1.1
461 */
462 public native boolean isArray();
463
464
465 /**
466 * Determines if the specified {@code Class} object represents a
467 * primitive type.
468 *
469 * <p> There are nine predefined {@code Class} objects to represent
470 * the eight primitive types and void. These are created by the Java
471 * Virtual Machine, and have the same names as the primitive types that
472 * they represent, namely {@code boolean}, {@code byte},
473 * {@code char}, {@code short}, {@code int},
474 * {@code long}, {@code float}, and {@code double}.
475 *
476 * <p> These objects may only be accessed via the following public static
477 * final variables, and are the only {@code Class} objects for which
478 * this method returns {@code true}.
479 *
480 * @return true if and only if this class represents a primitive type
481 *
482 * @see java.lang.Boolean#TYPE
483 * @see java.lang.Character#TYPE
484 * @see java.lang.Byte#TYPE
485 * @see java.lang.Short#TYPE
486 * @see java.lang.Integer#TYPE
487 * @see java.lang.Long#TYPE
488 * @see java.lang.Float#TYPE
489 * @see java.lang.Double#TYPE
490 * @see java.lang.Void#TYPE
491 * @since JDK1.1
492 */
493 public native boolean isPrimitive();
494
495 /**
496 * Returns true if this {@code Class} object represents an annotation
497 * type. Note that if this method returns true, {@link #isInterface()}
498 * would also return true, as all annotation types are also interfaces.
499 *
500 * @return {@code true} if this class object represents an annotation
501 * type; {@code false} otherwise
502 * @since 1.5
503 */
504 public boolean isAnnotation() {
505 return (getModifiers() & ANNOTATION) != 0;
506 }
507
508 /**
509 * Returns {@code true} if this class is a synthetic class;
510 * returns {@code false} otherwise.
511 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a synthetic class as
512 * defined by the Java Language Specification.
513 * @since 1.5
514 */
515 public boolean isSynthetic() {
516 return (getModifiers() & SYNTHETIC) != 0;
517 }
518
519 /**
520 * Returns the name of the entity (class, interface, array class,
521 * primitive type, or void) represented by this {@code Class} object,
522 * as a {@code String}.
523 *
524 * <p> If this class object represents a reference type that is not an
525 * array type then the binary name of the class is returned, as specified
526 * by
527 * <cite>The Java™ Language Specification</cite>.
528 *
529 * <p> If this class object represents a primitive type or void, then the
530 * name returned is a {@code String} equal to the Java language
531 * keyword corresponding to the primitive type or void.
532 *
533 * <p> If this class object represents a class of arrays, then the internal
534 * form of the name consists of the name of the element type preceded by
535 * one or more '{@code [}' characters representing the depth of the array
536 * nesting. The encoding of element type names is as follows:
537 *
538 * <blockquote><table summary="Element types and encodings">
539 * <tr><th> Element Type <th> <th> Encoding
540 * <tr><td> boolean <td> <td align=center> Z
541 * <tr><td> byte <td> <td align=center> B
542 * <tr><td> char <td> <td align=center> C
543 * <tr><td> class or interface
544 * <td> <td align=center> L<i>classname</i>;
545 * <tr><td> double <td> <td align=center> D
546 * <tr><td> float <td> <td align=center> F
547 * <tr><td> int <td> <td align=center> I
548 * <tr><td> long <td> <td align=center> J
549 * <tr><td> short <td> <td align=center> S
550 * </table></blockquote>
551 *
552 * <p> The class or interface name <i>classname</i> is the binary name of
553 * the class specified above.
554 *
555 * <p> Examples:
556 * <blockquote><pre>
557 * String.class.getName()
558 * returns "java.lang.String"
559 * byte.class.getName()
560 * returns "byte"
561 * (new Object[3]).getClass().getName()
562 * returns "[Ljava.lang.Object;"
563 * (new int[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]).getClass().getName()
564 * returns "[[[[[[[I"
565 * </pre></blockquote>
566 *
567 * @return the name of the class or interface
568 * represented by this object.
569 */
570 public String getName() {
571 String name = this.name;
572 if (name == null)
573 this.name = name = getName0();
574 return name;
575 }
576
577 // cache the name to reduce the number of calls into the VM
578 private transient String name;
579 private native String getName0();
580
581 /**
582 * Returns the class loader for the class. Some implementations may use
583 * null to represent the bootstrap class loader. This method will return
584 * null in such implementations if this class was loaded by the bootstrap
585 * class loader.
586 *
587 * <p> If a security manager is present, and the caller's class loader is
588 * not null and the caller's class loader is not the same as or an ancestor of
589 * the class loader for the class whose class loader is requested, then
590 * this method calls the security manager's {@code checkPermission}
591 * method with a {@code RuntimePermission("getClassLoader")}
592 * permission to ensure it's ok to access the class loader for the class.
593 *
594 * <p>If this object
595 * represents a primitive type or void, null is returned.
596 *
597 * @return the class loader that loaded the class or interface
598 * represented by this object.
599 * @throws SecurityException
600 * if a security manager exists and its
601 * {@code checkPermission} method denies
602 * access to the class loader for the class.
603 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader
604 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
605 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
606 */
607 public ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
608 ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
609 if (cl == null)
610 return null;
611 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
612 if (sm != null) {
613 ClassLoader ccl = ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader();
614 if (ccl != null && ccl != cl && !cl.isAncestor(ccl)) {
615 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_CLASSLOADER_PERMISSION);
616 }
617 }
618 return cl;
619 }
620
621 // Package-private to allow ClassLoader access
622 native ClassLoader getClassLoader0();
623
624
625 /**
626 * Returns an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent the
627 * type variables declared by the generic declaration represented by this
628 * {@code GenericDeclaration} object, in declaration order. Returns an
629 * array of length 0 if the underlying generic declaration declares no type
630 * variables.
631 *
632 * @return an array of {@code TypeVariable} objects that represent
633 * the type variables declared by this generic declaration
634 * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
635 * signature of this generic declaration does not conform to
636 * the format specified in
637 * <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
638 * @since 1.5
639 */
640 public TypeVariable<Class<T>>[] getTypeParameters() {
641 if (getGenericSignature() != null)
642 return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])getGenericInfo().getTypeParameters();
643 else
644 return (TypeVariable<Class<T>>[])new TypeVariable<?>[0];
645 }
646
647
648 /**
649 * Returns the {@code Class} representing the superclass of the entity
650 * (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by this
651 * {@code Class}. If this {@code Class} represents either the
652 * {@code Object} class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then
653 * null is returned. If this object represents an array class then the
654 * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
655 * returned.
656 *
657 * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object.
658 */
659 public native Class<? super T> getSuperclass();
660
661
662 /**
663 * Returns the {@code Type} representing the direct superclass of
664 * the entity (class, interface, primitive type or void) represented by
665 * this {@code Class}.
666 *
667 * <p>If the superclass is a parameterized type, the {@code Type}
668 * object returned must accurately reflect the actual type
669 * parameters used in the source code. The parameterized type
670 * representing the superclass is created if it had not been
671 * created before. See the declaration of {@link
672 * java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType} for the
673 * semantics of the creation process for parameterized types. If
674 * this {@code Class} represents either the {@code Object}
675 * class, an interface, a primitive type, or void, then null is
676 * returned. If this object represents an array class then the
677 * {@code Class} object representing the {@code Object} class is
678 * returned.
679 *
680 * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError if the generic
681 * class signature does not conform to the format specified in
682 * <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
683 * @throws TypeNotPresentException if the generic superclass
684 * refers to a non-existent type declaration
685 * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException if the
686 * generic superclass refers to a parameterized type that cannot be
687 * instantiated for any reason
688 * @return the superclass of the class represented by this object
689 * @since 1.5
690 */
691 public Type getGenericSuperclass() {
692 if (getGenericSignature() != null) {
693 // Historical irregularity:
694 // Generic signature marks interfaces with superclass = Object
695 // but this API returns null for interfaces
696 if (isInterface())
697 return null;
698 return getGenericInfo().getSuperclass();
699 } else
700 return getSuperclass();
701 }
702
703 /**
704 * Gets the package for this class. The class loader of this class is used
705 * to find the package. If the class was loaded by the bootstrap class
706 * loader the set of packages loaded from CLASSPATH is searched to find the
707 * package of the class. Null is returned if no package object was created
708 * by the class loader of this class.
709 *
710 * <p> Packages have attributes for versions and specifications only if the
711 * information was defined in the manifests that accompany the classes, and
712 * if the class loader created the package instance with the attributes
713 * from the manifest.
714 *
715 * @return the package of the class, or null if no package
716 * information is available from the archive or codebase.
717 */
718 public Package getPackage() {
719 return Package.getPackage(this);
720 }
721
722
723 /**
724 * Determines the interfaces implemented by the class or interface
725 * represented by this object.
726 *
727 * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an array
728 * containing objects representing all interfaces implemented by the
729 * class. The order of the interface objects in the array corresponds to
730 * the order of the interface names in the {@code implements} clause
731 * of the declaration of the class represented by this object. For
732 * example, given the declaration:
733 * <blockquote>
734 * {@code class Shimmer implements FloorWax, DessertTopping { ... }}
735 * </blockquote>
736 * suppose the value of {@code s} is an instance of
737 * {@code Shimmer}; the value of the expression:
738 * <blockquote>
739 * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[0]}
740 * </blockquote>
741 * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
742 * {@code FloorWax}; and the value of:
743 * <blockquote>
744 * {@code s.getClass().getInterfaces()[1]}
745 * </blockquote>
746 * is the {@code Class} object that represents interface
747 * {@code DessertTopping}.
748 *
749 * <p> If this object represents an interface, the array contains objects
750 * representing all interfaces extended by the interface. The order of the
751 * interface objects in the array corresponds to the order of the interface
752 * names in the {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the
753 * interface represented by this object.
754 *
755 * <p> If this object represents a class or interface that implements no
756 * interfaces, the method returns an array of length 0.
757 *
758 * <p> If this object represents a primitive type or void, the method
759 * returns an array of length 0.
760 *
761 * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class.
762 */
763 public native Class<?>[] getInterfaces();
764
765 /**
766 * Returns the {@code Type}s representing the interfaces
767 * directly implemented by the class or interface represented by
768 * this object.
769 *
770 * <p>If a superinterface is a parameterized type, the
771 * {@code Type} object returned for it must accurately reflect
772 * the actual type parameters used in the source code. The
773 * parameterized type representing each superinterface is created
774 * if it had not been created before. See the declaration of
775 * {@link java.lang.reflect.ParameterizedType ParameterizedType}
776 * for the semantics of the creation process for parameterized
777 * types.
778 *
779 * <p> If this object represents a class, the return value is an
780 * array containing objects representing all interfaces
781 * implemented by the class. The order of the interface objects in
782 * the array corresponds to the order of the interface names in
783 * the {@code implements} clause of the declaration of the class
784 * represented by this object. In the case of an array class, the
785 * interfaces {@code Cloneable} and {@code Serializable} are
786 * returned in that order.
787 *
788 * <p>If this object represents an interface, the array contains
789 * objects representing all interfaces directly extended by the
790 * interface. The order of the interface objects in the array
791 * corresponds to the order of the interface names in the
792 * {@code extends} clause of the declaration of the interface
793 * represented by this object.
794 *
795 * <p>If this object represents a class or interface that
796 * implements no interfaces, the method returns an array of length
797 * 0.
798 *
799 * <p>If this object represents a primitive type or void, the
800 * method returns an array of length 0.
801 *
802 * @throws java.lang.reflect.GenericSignatureFormatError
803 * if the generic class signature does not conform to the format
804 * specified in
805 * <cite>The Java™ Virtual Machine Specification</cite>
806 * @throws TypeNotPresentException if any of the generic
807 * superinterfaces refers to a non-existent type declaration
808 * @throws java.lang.reflect.MalformedParameterizedTypeException
809 * if any of the generic superinterfaces refer to a parameterized
810 * type that cannot be instantiated for any reason
811 * @return an array of interfaces implemented by this class
812 * @since 1.5
813 */
814 public Type[] getGenericInterfaces() {
815 if (getGenericSignature() != null)
816 return getGenericInfo().getSuperInterfaces();
817 else
818 return getInterfaces();
819 }
820
821
822 /**
823 * Returns the {@code Class} representing the component type of an
824 * array. If this class does not represent an array class this method
825 * returns null.
826 *
827 * @return the {@code Class} representing the component type of this
828 * class if this class is an array
829 * @see java.lang.reflect.Array
830 * @since JDK1.1
831 */
832 public native Class<?> getComponentType();
833
834
835 /**
836 * Returns the Java language modifiers for this class or interface, encoded
837 * in an integer. The modifiers consist of the Java Virtual Machine's
838 * constants for {@code public}, {@code protected},
839 * {@code private}, {@code final}, {@code static},
840 * {@code abstract} and {@code interface}; they should be decoded
841 * using the methods of class {@code Modifier}.
842 *
843 * <p> If the underlying class is an array class, then its
844 * {@code public}, {@code private} and {@code protected}
845 * modifiers are the same as those of its component type. If this
846 * {@code Class} represents a primitive type or void, its
847 * {@code public} modifier is always {@code true}, and its
848 * {@code protected} and {@code private} modifiers are always
849 * {@code false}. If this object represents an array class, a
850 * primitive type or void, then its {@code final} modifier is always
851 * {@code true} and its interface modifier is always
852 * {@code false}. The values of its other modifiers are not determined
853 * by this specification.
854 *
855 * <p> The modifier encodings are defined in <em>The Java Virtual Machine
856 * Specification</em>, table 4.1.
857 *
858 * @return the {@code int} representing the modifiers for this class
859 * @see java.lang.reflect.Modifier
860 * @since JDK1.1
861 */
862 public native int getModifiers();
863
864
865 /**
866 * Gets the signers of this class.
867 *
868 * @return the signers of this class, or null if there are no signers. In
869 * particular, this method returns null if this object represents
870 * a primitive type or void.
871 * @since JDK1.1
872 */
873 public native Object[] getSigners();
874
875
876 /**
877 * Set the signers of this class.
878 */
879 native void setSigners(Object[] signers);
880
881
882 /**
883 * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
884 * class within a method, returns a {@link
885 * java.lang.reflect.Method Method} object representing the
886 * immediately enclosing method of the underlying class. Returns
887 * {@code null} otherwise.
888 *
889 * In particular, this method returns {@code null} if the underlying
890 * class is a local or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type
891 * declaration, instance initializer or static initializer.
892 *
893 * @return the immediately enclosing method of the underlying class, if
894 * that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
895 * @since 1.5
896 */
897 public Method getEnclosingMethod() {
898 EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
899
900 if (enclosingInfo == null)
901 return null;
902 else {
903 if (!enclosingInfo.isMethod())
904 return null;
905
906 MethodRepository typeInfo = MethodRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
907 getFactory());
908 Class<?> returnType = toClass(typeInfo.getReturnType());
909 Type [] parameterTypes = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
910 Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
911
912 // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
913 // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
914 // don't have generics information
915 for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
916 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
917
918 /*
919 * Loop over all declared methods; match method name,
920 * number of and type of parameters, *and* return
921 * type. Matching return type is also necessary
922 * because of covariant returns, etc.
923 */
924 for(Method m: enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass().getDeclaredMethods()) {
925 if (m.getName().equals(enclosingInfo.getName()) ) {
926 Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = m.getParameterTypes();
927 if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
928 boolean matches = true;
929 for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
930 if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
931 matches = false;
932 break;
933 }
934 }
935
936 if (matches) { // finally, check return type
937 if (m.getReturnType().equals(returnType) )
938 return m;
939 }
940 }
941 }
942 }
943
944 throw new InternalError("Enclosing method not found");
945 }
946 }
947
948 private native Object[] getEnclosingMethod0();
949
950 private EnclosingMethodInfo getEnclosingMethodInfo() {
951 Object[] enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethod0();
952 if (enclosingInfo == null)
953 return null;
954 else {
955 return new EnclosingMethodInfo(enclosingInfo);
956 }
957 }
958
959 private final static class EnclosingMethodInfo {
960 private Class<?> enclosingClass;
961 private String name;
962 private String descriptor;
963
964 private EnclosingMethodInfo(Object[] enclosingInfo) {
965 if (enclosingInfo.length != 3)
966 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
967 try {
968 // The array is expected to have three elements:
969
970 // the immediately enclosing class
971 enclosingClass = (Class<?>) enclosingInfo[0];
972 assert(enclosingClass != null);
973
974 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
975 // name (can be null).
976 name = (String) enclosingInfo[1];
977
978 // the immediately enclosing method or constructor's
979 // descriptor (null iff name is).
980 descriptor = (String) enclosingInfo[2];
981 assert((name != null && descriptor != null) || name == descriptor);
982 } catch (ClassCastException cce) {
983 throw new InternalError("Invalid type in enclosing method information");
984 }
985 }
986
987 boolean isPartial() {
988 return enclosingClass == null || name == null || descriptor == null;
989 }
990
991 boolean isConstructor() { return !isPartial() && "<init>".equals(name); }
992
993 boolean isMethod() { return !isPartial() && !isConstructor() && !"<clinit>".equals(name); }
994
995 Class<?> getEnclosingClass() { return enclosingClass; }
996
997 String getName() { return name; }
998
999 String getDescriptor() { return descriptor; }
1000
1001 }
1002
1003 private static Class<?> toClass(Type o) {
1004 if (o instanceof GenericArrayType)
1005 return Array.newInstance(toClass(((GenericArrayType)o).getGenericComponentType()),
1006 0)
1007 .getClass();
1008 return (Class<?>)o;
1009 }
1010
1011 /**
1012 * If this {@code Class} object represents a local or anonymous
1013 * class within a constructor, returns a {@link
1014 * java.lang.reflect.Constructor Constructor} object representing
1015 * the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying
1016 * class. Returns {@code null} otherwise. In particular, this
1017 * method returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a local
1018 * or anonymous class immediately enclosed by a type declaration,
1019 * instance initializer or static initializer.
1020 *
1021 * @return the immediately enclosing constructor of the underlying class, if
1022 * that class is a local or anonymous class; otherwise {@code null}.
1023 * @since 1.5
1024 */
1025 public Constructor<?> getEnclosingConstructor() {
1026 EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1027
1028 if (enclosingInfo == null)
1029 return null;
1030 else {
1031 if (!enclosingInfo.isConstructor())
1032 return null;
1033
1034 ConstructorRepository typeInfo = ConstructorRepository.make(enclosingInfo.getDescriptor(),
1035 getFactory());
1036 Type [] parameterTypes = typeInfo.getParameterTypes();
1037 Class<?>[] parameterClasses = new Class<?>[parameterTypes.length];
1038
1039 // Convert Types to Classes; returned types *should*
1040 // be class objects since the methodDescriptor's used
1041 // don't have generics information
1042 for(int i = 0; i < parameterClasses.length; i++)
1043 parameterClasses[i] = toClass(parameterTypes[i]);
1044
1045 /*
1046 * Loop over all declared constructors; match number
1047 * of and type of parameters.
1048 */
1049 for(Constructor<?> c: enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass().getDeclaredConstructors()) {
1050 Class<?>[] candidateParamClasses = c.getParameterTypes();
1051 if (candidateParamClasses.length == parameterClasses.length) {
1052 boolean matches = true;
1053 for(int i = 0; i < candidateParamClasses.length; i++) {
1054 if (!candidateParamClasses[i].equals(parameterClasses[i])) {
1055 matches = false;
1056 break;
1057 }
1058 }
1059
1060 if (matches)
1061 return c;
1062 }
1063 }
1064
1065 throw new InternalError("Enclosing constructor not found");
1066 }
1067 }
1068
1069
1070 /**
1071 * If the class or interface represented by this {@code Class} object
1072 * is a member of another class, returns the {@code Class} object
1073 * representing the class in which it was declared. This method returns
1074 * null if this class or interface is not a member of any other class. If
1075 * this {@code Class} object represents an array class, a primitive
1076 * type, or void,then this method returns null.
1077 *
1078 * @return the declaring class for this class
1079 * @since JDK1.1
1080 */
1081 public native Class<?> getDeclaringClass();
1082
1083
1084 /**
1085 * Returns the immediately enclosing class of the underlying
1086 * class. If the underlying class is a top level class this
1087 * method returns {@code null}.
1088 * @return the immediately enclosing class of the underlying class
1089 * @since 1.5
1090 */
1091 public Class<?> getEnclosingClass() {
1092 // There are five kinds of classes (or interfaces):
1093 // a) Top level classes
1094 // b) Nested classes (static member classes)
1095 // c) Inner classes (non-static member classes)
1096 // d) Local classes (named classes declared within a method)
1097 // e) Anonymous classes
1098
1099
1100 // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1101 // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1102 // anonymous class.
1103 EnclosingMethodInfo enclosingInfo = getEnclosingMethodInfo();
1104
1105 if (enclosingInfo == null) {
1106 // This is a top level or a nested class or an inner class (a, b, or c)
1107 return getDeclaringClass();
1108 } else {
1109 Class<?> enclosingClass = enclosingInfo.getEnclosingClass();
1110 // This is a local class or an anonymous class (d or e)
1111 if (enclosingClass == this || enclosingClass == null)
1112 throw new InternalError("Malformed enclosing method information");
1113 else
1114 return enclosingClass;
1115 }
1116 }
1117
1118 /**
1119 * Returns the simple name of the underlying class as given in the
1120 * source code. Returns an empty string if the underlying class is
1121 * anonymous.
1122 *
1123 * <p>The simple name of an array is the simple name of the
1124 * component type with "[]" appended. In particular the simple
1125 * name of an array whose component type is anonymous is "[]".
1126 *
1127 * @return the simple name of the underlying class
1128 * @since 1.5
1129 */
1130 public String getSimpleName() {
1131 if (isArray())
1132 return getComponentType().getSimpleName()+"[]";
1133
1134 String simpleName = getSimpleBinaryName();
1135 if (simpleName == null) { // top level class
1136 simpleName = getName();
1137 return simpleName.substring(simpleName.lastIndexOf(".")+1); // strip the package name
1138 }
1139 // According to JLS3 "Binary Compatibility" (13.1) the binary
1140 // name of non-package classes (not top level) is the binary
1141 // name of the immediately enclosing class followed by a '$' followed by:
1142 // (for nested and inner classes): the simple name.
1143 // (for local classes): 1 or more digits followed by the simple name.
1144 // (for anonymous classes): 1 or more digits.
1145
1146 // Since getSimpleBinaryName() will strip the binary name of
1147 // the immediatly enclosing class, we are now looking at a
1148 // string that matches the regular expression "\$[0-9]*"
1149 // followed by a simple name (considering the simple of an
1150 // anonymous class to be the empty string).
1151
1152 // Remove leading "\$[0-9]*" from the name
1153 int length = simpleName.length();
1154 if (length < 1 || simpleName.charAt(0) != '$')
1155 throw new InternalError("Malformed class name");
1156 int index = 1;
1157 while (index < length && isAsciiDigit(simpleName.charAt(index)))
1158 index++;
1159 // Eventually, this is the empty string iff this is an anonymous class
1160 return simpleName.substring(index);
1161 }
1162
1163 /**
1164 * Character.isDigit answers {@code true} to some non-ascii
1165 * digits. This one does not.
1166 */
1167 private static boolean isAsciiDigit(char c) {
1168 return '0' <= c && c <= '9';
1169 }
1170
1171 /**
1172 * Returns the canonical name of the underlying class as
1173 * defined by the Java Language Specification. Returns null if
1174 * the underlying class does not have a canonical name (i.e., if
1175 * it is a local or anonymous class or an array whose component
1176 * type does not have a canonical name).
1177 * @return the canonical name of the underlying class if it exists, and
1178 * {@code null} otherwise.
1179 * @since 1.5
1180 */
1181 public String getCanonicalName() {
1182 if (isArray()) {
1183 String canonicalName = getComponentType().getCanonicalName();
1184 if (canonicalName != null)
1185 return canonicalName + "[]";
1186 else
1187 return null;
1188 }
1189 if (isLocalOrAnonymousClass())
1190 return null;
1191 Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1192 if (enclosingClass == null) { // top level class
1193 return getName();
1194 } else {
1195 String enclosingName = enclosingClass.getCanonicalName();
1196 if (enclosingName == null)
1197 return null;
1198 return enclosingName + "." + getSimpleName();
1199 }
1200 }
1201
1202 /**
1203 * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1204 * is an anonymous class.
1205 *
1206 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is an anonymous class.
1207 * @since 1.5
1208 */
1209 public boolean isAnonymousClass() {
1210 return "".equals(getSimpleName());
1211 }
1212
1213 /**
1214 * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1215 * is a local class.
1216 *
1217 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a local class.
1218 * @since 1.5
1219 */
1220 public boolean isLocalClass() {
1221 return isLocalOrAnonymousClass() && !isAnonymousClass();
1222 }
1223
1224 /**
1225 * Returns {@code true} if and only if the underlying class
1226 * is a member class.
1227 *
1228 * @return {@code true} if and only if this class is a member class.
1229 * @since 1.5
1230 */
1231 public boolean isMemberClass() {
1232 return getSimpleBinaryName() != null && !isLocalOrAnonymousClass();
1233 }
1234
1235 /**
1236 * Returns the "simple binary name" of the underlying class, i.e.,
1237 * the binary name without the leading enclosing class name.
1238 * Returns {@code null} if the underlying class is a top level
1239 * class.
1240 */
1241 private String getSimpleBinaryName() {
1242 Class<?> enclosingClass = getEnclosingClass();
1243 if (enclosingClass == null) // top level class
1244 return null;
1245 // Otherwise, strip the enclosing class' name
1246 try {
1247 return getName().substring(enclosingClass.getName().length());
1248 } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
1249 throw new InternalError("Malformed class name");
1250 }
1251 }
1252
1253 /**
1254 * Returns {@code true} if this is a local class or an anonymous
1255 * class. Returns {@code false} otherwise.
1256 */
1257 private boolean isLocalOrAnonymousClass() {
1258 // JVM Spec 4.8.6: A class must have an EnclosingMethod
1259 // attribute if and only if it is a local class or an
1260 // anonymous class.
1261 return getEnclosingMethodInfo() != null;
1262 }
1263
1264 /**
1265 * Returns an array containing {@code Class} objects representing all
1266 * the public classes and interfaces that are members of the class
1267 * represented by this {@code Class} object. This includes public
1268 * class and interface members inherited from superclasses and public class
1269 * and interface members declared by the class. This method returns an
1270 * array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object has no public member
1271 * classes or interfaces. This method also returns an array of length 0 if
1272 * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type, an array
1273 * class, or void.
1274 *
1275 * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing the public
1276 * members of this class
1277 * @exception SecurityException
1278 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1279 * following conditions is met:
1280 *
1281 * <ul>
1282 *
1283 * <li> invocation of
1284 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1285 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} method
1286 * denies access to the classes within this class
1287 *
1288 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1289 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1290 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1291 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1292 * of this class
1293 *
1294 * </ul>
1295 *
1296 * @since JDK1.1
1297 */
1298 public Class<?>[] getClasses() {
1299 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1300 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1301 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1302 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), false);
1303
1304 // Privileged so this implementation can look at DECLARED classes,
1305 // something the caller might not have privilege to do. The code here
1306 // is allowed to look at DECLARED classes because (1) it does not hand
1307 // out anything other than public members and (2) public member access
1308 // has already been ok'd by the SecurityManager.
1309
1310 return java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
1311 new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Class<?>[]>() {
1312 public Class[] run() {
1313 List<Class<?>> list = new ArrayList<>();
1314 Class<?> currentClass = Class.this;
1315 while (currentClass != null) {
1316 Class<?>[] members = currentClass.getDeclaredClasses();
1317 for (int i = 0; i < members.length; i++) {
1318 if (Modifier.isPublic(members[i].getModifiers())) {
1319 list.add(members[i]);
1320 }
1321 }
1322 currentClass = currentClass.getSuperclass();
1323 }
1324 return list.toArray(new Class[0]);
1325 }
1326 });
1327 }
1328
1329
1330 /**
1331 * Returns an array containing {@code Field} objects reflecting all
1332 * the accessible public fields of the class or interface represented by
1333 * this {@code Class} object. The elements in the array returned are
1334 * not sorted and are not in any particular order. This method returns an
1335 * array of length 0 if the class or interface has no accessible public
1336 * fields, or if it represents an array class, a primitive type, or void.
1337 *
1338 * <p> Specifically, if this {@code Class} object represents a class,
1339 * this method returns the public fields of this class and of all its
1340 * superclasses. If this {@code Class} object represents an
1341 * interface, this method returns the fields of this interface and of all
1342 * its superinterfaces.
1343 *
1344 * <p> The implicit length field for array class is not reflected by this
1345 * method. User code should use the methods of class {@code Array} to
1346 * manipulate arrays.
1347 *
1348 * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
1349 *
1350 * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing the
1351 * public fields
1352 * @exception SecurityException
1353 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1354 * following conditions is met:
1355 *
1356 * <ul>
1357 *
1358 * <li> invocation of
1359 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1360 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies
1361 * access to the fields within this class
1362 *
1363 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1364 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1365 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1366 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1367 * of this class
1368 *
1369 * </ul>
1370 *
1371 * @since JDK1.1
1372 */
1373 public Field[] getFields() throws SecurityException {
1374 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1375 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1376 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1377 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1378 return copyFields(privateGetPublicFields(null));
1379 }
1380
1381
1382 /**
1383 * Returns an array containing {@code Method} objects reflecting all
1384 * the public <em>member</em> methods of the class or interface represented
1385 * by this {@code Class} object, including those declared by the class
1386 * or interface and those inherited from superclasses and
1387 * superinterfaces. Array classes return all the (public) member methods
1388 * inherited from the {@code Object} class. The elements in the array
1389 * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. This
1390 * method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class} object
1391 * represents a class or interface that has no public member methods, or if
1392 * this {@code Class} object represents a primitive type or void.
1393 *
1394 * <p> The class initialization method {@code <clinit>} is not
1395 * included in the returned array. If the class declares multiple public
1396 * member methods with the same parameter types, they are all included in
1397 * the returned array.
1398 *
1399 * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.4.
1400 *
1401 * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing the
1402 * public methods of this class
1403 * @exception SecurityException
1404 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1405 * following conditions is met:
1406 *
1407 * <ul>
1408 *
1409 * <li> invocation of
1410 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1411 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies
1412 * access to the methods within this class
1413 *
1414 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1415 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1416 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1417 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1418 * of this class
1419 *
1420 * </ul>
1421 *
1422 * @since JDK1.1
1423 */
1424 public Method[] getMethods() throws SecurityException {
1425 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1426 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1427 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1428 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1429 return copyMethods(privateGetPublicMethods());
1430 }
1431
1432
1433 /**
1434 * Returns an array containing {@code Constructor} objects reflecting
1435 * all the public constructors of the class represented by this
1436 * {@code Class} object. An array of length 0 is returned if the
1437 * class has no public constructors, or if the class is an array class, or
1438 * if the class reflects a primitive type or void.
1439 *
1440 * Note that while this method returns an array of {@code
1441 * Constructor<T>} objects (that is an array of constructors from
1442 * this class), the return type of this method is {@code
1443 * Constructor<?>[]} and <em>not</em> {@code Constructor<T>[]} as
1444 * might be expected. This less informative return type is
1445 * necessary since after being returned from this method, the
1446 * array could be modified to hold {@code Constructor} objects for
1447 * different classes, which would violate the type guarantees of
1448 * {@code Constructor<T>[]}.
1449 *
1450 * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing the
1451 * public constructors of this class
1452 * @exception SecurityException
1453 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1454 * following conditions is met:
1455 *
1456 * <ul>
1457 *
1458 * <li> invocation of
1459 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1460 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies
1461 * access to the constructors within this class
1462 *
1463 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1464 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1465 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1466 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1467 * of this class
1468 *
1469 * </ul>
1470 *
1471 * @since JDK1.1
1472 */
1473 public Constructor<?>[] getConstructors() throws SecurityException {
1474 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1475 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1476 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1477 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1478 return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(true));
1479 }
1480
1481
1482 /**
1483 * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified public
1484 * member field of the class or interface represented by this
1485 * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
1486 * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired field.
1487 *
1488 * <p> The field to be reflected is determined by the algorithm that
1489 * follows. Let C be the class represented by this object:
1490 * <OL>
1491 * <LI> If C declares a public field with the name specified, that is the
1492 * field to be reflected.</LI>
1493 * <LI> If no field was found in step 1 above, this algorithm is applied
1494 * recursively to each direct superinterface of C. The direct
1495 * superinterfaces are searched in the order they were declared.</LI>
1496 * <LI> If no field was found in steps 1 and 2 above, and C has a
1497 * superclass S, then this algorithm is invoked recursively upon S.
1498 * If C has no superclass, then a {@code NoSuchFieldException}
1499 * is thrown.</LI>
1500 * </OL>
1501 *
1502 * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
1503 *
1504 * @param name the field name
1505 * @return the {@code Field} object of this class specified by
1506 * {@code name}
1507 * @exception NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
1508 * not found.
1509 * @exception NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1510 * @exception SecurityException
1511 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1512 * following conditions is met:
1513 *
1514 * <ul>
1515 *
1516 * <li> invocation of
1517 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1518 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies
1519 * access to the field
1520 *
1521 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1522 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1523 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1524 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1525 * of this class
1526 *
1527 * </ul>
1528 *
1529 * @since JDK1.1
1530 */
1531 public Field getField(String name)
1532 throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
1533 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1534 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1535 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1536 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1537 Field field = getField0(name);
1538 if (field == null) {
1539 throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
1540 }
1541 return field;
1542 }
1543
1544
1545 /**
1546 * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified public
1547 * member method of the class or interface represented by this
1548 * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
1549 * {@code String} specifying the simple name of the desired method. The
1550 * {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of {@code Class}
1551 * objects that identify the method's formal parameter types, in declared
1552 * order. If {@code parameterTypes} is {@code null}, it is
1553 * treated as if it were an empty array.
1554 *
1555 * <p> If the {@code name} is "{@code <init>};"or "{@code <clinit>}" a
1556 * {@code NoSuchMethodException} is raised. Otherwise, the method to
1557 * be reflected is determined by the algorithm that follows. Let C be the
1558 * class represented by this object:
1559 * <OL>
1560 * <LI> C is searched for any <I>matching methods</I>. If no matching
1561 * method is found, the algorithm of step 1 is invoked recursively on
1562 * the superclass of C.</LI>
1563 * <LI> If no method was found in step 1 above, the superinterfaces of C
1564 * are searched for a matching method. If any such method is found, it
1565 * is reflected.</LI>
1566 * </OL>
1567 *
1568 * To find a matching method in a class C: If C declares exactly one
1569 * public method with the specified name and exactly the same formal
1570 * parameter types, that is the method reflected. If more than one such
1571 * method is found in C, and one of these methods has a return type that is
1572 * more specific than any of the others, that method is reflected;
1573 * otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily.
1574 *
1575 * <p>Note that there may be more than one matching method in a
1576 * class because while the Java language forbids a class to
1577 * declare multiple methods with the same signature but different
1578 * return types, the Java virtual machine does not. This
1579 * increased flexibility in the virtual machine can be used to
1580 * implement various language features. For example, covariant
1581 * returns can be implemented with {@linkplain
1582 * java.lang.reflect.Method#isBridge bridge methods}; the bridge
1583 * method and the method being overridden would have the same
1584 * signature but different return types.
1585 *
1586 * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.4.
1587 *
1588 * @param name the name of the method
1589 * @param parameterTypes the list of parameters
1590 * @return the {@code Method} object that matches the specified
1591 * {@code name} and {@code parameterTypes}
1592 * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found
1593 * or if the name is "<init>"or "<clinit>".
1594 * @exception NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1595 * @exception SecurityException
1596 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1597 * following conditions is met:
1598 *
1599 * <ul>
1600 *
1601 * <li> invocation of
1602 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1603 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies
1604 * access to the method
1605 *
1606 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1607 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1608 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1609 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1610 * of this class
1611 *
1612 * </ul>
1613 *
1614 * @since JDK1.1
1615 */
1616 public Method getMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1617 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1618 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1619 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1620 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1621 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1622 Method method = getMethod0(name, parameterTypes);
1623 if (method == null) {
1624 throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
1625 }
1626 return method;
1627 }
1628
1629
1630 /**
1631 * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
1632 * public constructor of the class represented by this {@code Class}
1633 * object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
1634 * {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's formal
1635 * parameter types, in declared order.
1636 *
1637 * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
1638 * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
1639 * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
1640 *
1641 * <p> The constructor to reflect is the public constructor of the class
1642 * represented by this {@code Class} object whose formal parameter
1643 * types match those specified by {@code parameterTypes}.
1644 *
1645 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
1646 * @return the {@code Constructor} object of the public constructor that
1647 * matches the specified {@code parameterTypes}
1648 * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
1649 * @exception SecurityException
1650 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1651 * following conditions is met:
1652 *
1653 * <ul>
1654 *
1655 * <li> invocation of
1656 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1657 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.PUBLIC)} denies
1658 * access to the constructor
1659 *
1660 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1661 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1662 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1663 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1664 * of this class
1665 *
1666 * </ul>
1667 *
1668 * @since JDK1.1
1669 */
1670 public Constructor<T> getConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1671 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1672 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1673 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1674 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1675 checkMemberAccess(Member.PUBLIC, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1676 return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.PUBLIC);
1677 }
1678
1679
1680 /**
1681 * Returns an array of {@code Class} objects reflecting all the
1682 * classes and interfaces declared as members of the class represented by
1683 * this {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1684 * (package) access, and private classes and interfaces declared by the
1685 * class, but excludes inherited classes and interfaces. This method
1686 * returns an array of length 0 if the class declares no classes or
1687 * interfaces as members, or if this {@code Class} object represents a
1688 * primitive type, an array class, or void.
1689 *
1690 * @return the array of {@code Class} objects representing all the
1691 * declared members of this class
1692 * @exception SecurityException
1693 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1694 * following conditions is met:
1695 *
1696 * <ul>
1697 *
1698 * <li> invocation of
1699 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1700 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)} denies
1701 * access to the declared classes within this class
1702 *
1703 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1704 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1705 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1706 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1707 * of this class
1708 *
1709 * </ul>
1710 *
1711 * @since JDK1.1
1712 */
1713 public Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses() throws SecurityException {
1714 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1715 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1716 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1717 checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), false);
1718 return getDeclaredClasses0();
1719 }
1720
1721
1722 /**
1723 * Returns an array of {@code Field} objects reflecting all the fields
1724 * declared by the class or interface represented by this
1725 * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1726 * (package) access, and private fields, but excludes inherited fields.
1727 * The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any
1728 * particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class
1729 * or interface declares no fields, or if this {@code Class} object
1730 * represents a primitive type, an array class, or void.
1731 *
1732 * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, sections 8.2 and 8.3.
1733 *
1734 * @return the array of {@code Field} objects representing all the
1735 * declared fields of this class
1736 * @exception SecurityException
1737 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1738 * following conditions is met:
1739 *
1740 * <ul>
1741 *
1742 * <li> invocation of
1743 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1744 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)} denies
1745 * access to the declared fields within this class
1746 *
1747 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1748 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1749 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1750 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1751 * of this class
1752 *
1753 * </ul>
1754 *
1755 * @since JDK1.1
1756 */
1757 public Field[] getDeclaredFields() throws SecurityException {
1758 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1759 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1760 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1761 checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1762 return copyFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false));
1763 }
1764
1765
1766 /**
1767 * Returns an array of {@code Method} objects reflecting all the
1768 * methods declared by the class or interface represented by this
1769 * {@code Class} object. This includes public, protected, default
1770 * (package) access, and private methods, but excludes inherited methods.
1771 * The elements in the array returned are not sorted and are not in any
1772 * particular order. This method returns an array of length 0 if the class
1773 * or interface declares no methods, or if this {@code Class} object
1774 * represents a primitive type, an array class, or void. The class
1775 * initialization method {@code <clinit>} is not included in the
1776 * returned array. If the class declares multiple public member methods
1777 * with the same parameter types, they are all included in the returned
1778 * array.
1779 *
1780 * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
1781 *
1782 * @return the array of {@code Method} objects representing all the
1783 * declared methods of this class
1784 * @exception SecurityException
1785 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1786 * following conditions is met:
1787 *
1788 * <ul>
1789 *
1790 * <li> invocation of
1791 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1792 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)} denies
1793 * access to the declared methods within this class
1794 *
1795 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1796 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1797 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1798 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1799 * of this class
1800 *
1801 * </ul>
1802 *
1803 * @since JDK1.1
1804 */
1805 public Method[] getDeclaredMethods() throws SecurityException {
1806 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1807 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1808 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1809 checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1810 return copyMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false));
1811 }
1812
1813
1814 /**
1815 * Returns an array of {@code Constructor} objects reflecting all the
1816 * constructors declared by the class represented by this
1817 * {@code Class} object. These are public, protected, default
1818 * (package) access, and private constructors. The elements in the array
1819 * returned are not sorted and are not in any particular order. If the
1820 * class has a default constructor, it is included in the returned array.
1821 * This method returns an array of length 0 if this {@code Class}
1822 * object represents an interface, a primitive type, an array class, or
1823 * void.
1824 *
1825 * <p> See <em>The Java Language Specification</em>, section 8.2.
1826 *
1827 * @return the array of {@code Constructor} objects representing all the
1828 * declared constructors of this class
1829 * @exception SecurityException
1830 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1831 * following conditions is met:
1832 *
1833 * <ul>
1834 *
1835 * <li> invocation of
1836 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1837 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)} denies
1838 * access to the declared constructors within this class
1839 *
1840 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1841 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1842 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1843 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1844 * of this class
1845 *
1846 * </ul>
1847 *
1848 * @since JDK1.1
1849 */
1850 public Constructor<?>[] getDeclaredConstructors() throws SecurityException {
1851 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1852 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1853 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1854 checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1855 return copyConstructors(privateGetDeclaredConstructors(false));
1856 }
1857
1858
1859 /**
1860 * Returns a {@code Field} object that reflects the specified declared
1861 * field of the class or interface represented by this {@code Class}
1862 * object. The {@code name} parameter is a {@code String} that
1863 * specifies the simple name of the desired field. Note that this method
1864 * will not reflect the {@code length} field of an array class.
1865 *
1866 * @param name the name of the field
1867 * @return the {@code Field} object for the specified field in this
1868 * class
1869 * @exception NoSuchFieldException if a field with the specified name is
1870 * not found.
1871 * @exception NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1872 * @exception SecurityException
1873 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1874 * following conditions is met:
1875 *
1876 * <ul>
1877 *
1878 * <li> invocation of
1879 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1880 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)} denies
1881 * access to the declared field
1882 *
1883 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1884 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1885 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1886 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1887 * of this class
1888 *
1889 * </ul>
1890 *
1891 * @since JDK1.1
1892 */
1893 public Field getDeclaredField(String name)
1894 throws NoSuchFieldException, SecurityException {
1895 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1896 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1897 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1898 checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1899 Field field = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(false), name);
1900 if (field == null) {
1901 throw new NoSuchFieldException(name);
1902 }
1903 return field;
1904 }
1905
1906
1907 /**
1908 * Returns a {@code Method} object that reflects the specified
1909 * declared method of the class or interface represented by this
1910 * {@code Class} object. The {@code name} parameter is a
1911 * {@code String} that specifies the simple name of the desired
1912 * method, and the {@code parameterTypes} parameter is an array of
1913 * {@code Class} objects that identify the method's formal parameter
1914 * types, in declared order. If more than one method with the same
1915 * parameter types is declared in a class, and one of these methods has a
1916 * return type that is more specific than any of the others, that method is
1917 * returned; otherwise one of the methods is chosen arbitrarily. If the
1918 * name is "<init>"or "<clinit>" a {@code NoSuchMethodException}
1919 * is raised.
1920 *
1921 * @param name the name of the method
1922 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
1923 * @return the {@code Method} object for the method of this class
1924 * matching the specified name and parameters
1925 * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
1926 * @exception NullPointerException if {@code name} is {@code null}
1927 * @exception SecurityException
1928 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1929 * following conditions is met:
1930 *
1931 * <ul>
1932 *
1933 * <li> invocation of
1934 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1935 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)} denies
1936 * access to the declared method
1937 *
1938 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1939 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1940 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1941 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1942 * of this class
1943 *
1944 * </ul>
1945 *
1946 * @since JDK1.1
1947 */
1948 public Method getDeclaredMethod(String name, Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1949 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
1950 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
1951 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
1952 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
1953 checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
1954 Method method = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(false), name, parameterTypes);
1955 if (method == null) {
1956 throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + "." + name + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
1957 }
1958 return method;
1959 }
1960
1961
1962 /**
1963 * Returns a {@code Constructor} object that reflects the specified
1964 * constructor of the class or interface represented by this
1965 * {@code Class} object. The {@code parameterTypes} parameter is
1966 * an array of {@code Class} objects that identify the constructor's
1967 * formal parameter types, in declared order.
1968 *
1969 * If this {@code Class} object represents an inner class
1970 * declared in a non-static context, the formal parameter types
1971 * include the explicit enclosing instance as the first parameter.
1972 *
1973 * @param parameterTypes the parameter array
1974 * @return The {@code Constructor} object for the constructor with the
1975 * specified parameter list
1976 * @exception NoSuchMethodException if a matching method is not found.
1977 * @exception SecurityException
1978 * If a security manager, <i>s</i>, is present and any of the
1979 * following conditions is met:
1980 *
1981 * <ul>
1982 *
1983 * <li> invocation of
1984 * {@link SecurityManager#checkMemberAccess
1985 * s.checkMemberAccess(this, Member.DECLARED)} denies
1986 * access to the declared constructor
1987 *
1988 * <li> the caller's class loader is not the same as or an
1989 * ancestor of the class loader for the current class and
1990 * invocation of {@link SecurityManager#checkPackageAccess
1991 * s.checkPackageAccess()} denies access to the package
1992 * of this class
1993 *
1994 * </ul>
1995 *
1996 * @since JDK1.1
1997 */
1998 public Constructor<T> getDeclaredConstructor(Class<?>... parameterTypes)
1999 throws NoSuchMethodException, SecurityException {
2000 // be very careful not to change the stack depth of this
2001 // checkMemberAccess call for security reasons
2002 // see java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess
2003 checkMemberAccess(Member.DECLARED, ClassLoader.getCallerClassLoader(), true);
2004 return getConstructor0(parameterTypes, Member.DECLARED);
2005 }
2006
2007 /**
2008 * Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources
2009 * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2010 * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class. This method
2011 * delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by
2012 * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2013 * ClassLoader#getSystemResourceAsStream}.
2014 *
2015 * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2016 * given resource name using this algorithm:
2017 *
2018 * <ul>
2019 *
2020 * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2021 * (<tt>'\u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2022 * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2023 *
2024 * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2025 *
2026 * <blockquote>
2027 * {@code modified_package_name/name}
2028 * </blockquote>
2029 *
2030 * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2031 * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2032 * (<tt>'\u002e'</tt>).
2033 *
2034 * </ul>
2035 *
2036 * @param name name of the desired resource
2037 * @return A {@link java.io.InputStream} object or {@code null} if
2038 * no resource with this name is found
2039 * @throws NullPointerException If {@code name} is {@code null}
2040 * @since JDK1.1
2041 */
2042 public InputStream getResourceAsStream(String name) {
2043 name = resolveName(name);
2044 ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2045 if (cl==null) {
2046 // A system class.
2047 return ClassLoader.getSystemResourceAsStream(name);
2048 }
2049 return cl.getResourceAsStream(name);
2050 }
2051
2052 /**
2053 * Finds a resource with a given name. The rules for searching resources
2054 * associated with a given class are implemented by the defining
2055 * {@linkplain ClassLoader class loader} of the class. This method
2056 * delegates to this object's class loader. If this object was loaded by
2057 * the bootstrap class loader, the method delegates to {@link
2058 * ClassLoader#getSystemResource}.
2059 *
2060 * <p> Before delegation, an absolute resource name is constructed from the
2061 * given resource name using this algorithm:
2062 *
2063 * <ul>
2064 *
2065 * <li> If the {@code name} begins with a {@code '/'}
2066 * (<tt>'\u002f'</tt>), then the absolute name of the resource is the
2067 * portion of the {@code name} following the {@code '/'}.
2068 *
2069 * <li> Otherwise, the absolute name is of the following form:
2070 *
2071 * <blockquote>
2072 * {@code modified_package_name/name}
2073 * </blockquote>
2074 *
2075 * <p> Where the {@code modified_package_name} is the package name of this
2076 * object with {@code '/'} substituted for {@code '.'}
2077 * (<tt>'\u002e'</tt>).
2078 *
2079 * </ul>
2080 *
2081 * @param name name of the desired resource
2082 * @return A {@link java.net.URL} object or {@code null} if no
2083 * resource with this name is found
2084 * @since JDK1.1
2085 */
2086 public java.net.URL getResource(String name) {
2087 name = resolveName(name);
2088 ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2089 if (cl==null) {
2090 // A system class.
2091 return ClassLoader.getSystemResource(name);
2092 }
2093 return cl.getResource(name);
2094 }
2095
2096
2097
2098 /** protection domain returned when the internal domain is null */
2099 private static java.security.ProtectionDomain allPermDomain;
2100
2101
2102 /**
2103 * Returns the {@code ProtectionDomain} of this class. If there is a
2104 * security manager installed, this method first calls the security
2105 * manager's {@code checkPermission} method with a
2106 * {@code RuntimePermission("getProtectionDomain")} permission to
2107 * ensure it's ok to get the
2108 * {@code ProtectionDomain}.
2109 *
2110 * @return the ProtectionDomain of this class
2111 *
2112 * @throws SecurityException
2113 * if a security manager exists and its
2114 * {@code checkPermission} method doesn't allow
2115 * getting the ProtectionDomain.
2116 *
2117 * @see java.security.ProtectionDomain
2118 * @see SecurityManager#checkPermission
2119 * @see java.lang.RuntimePermission
2120 * @since 1.2
2121 */
2122 public java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain() {
2123 SecurityManager sm = System.getSecurityManager();
2124 if (sm != null) {
2125 sm.checkPermission(SecurityConstants.GET_PD_PERMISSION);
2126 }
2127 java.security.ProtectionDomain pd = getProtectionDomain0();
2128 if (pd == null) {
2129 if (allPermDomain == null) {
2130 java.security.Permissions perms =
2131 new java.security.Permissions();
2132 perms.add(SecurityConstants.ALL_PERMISSION);
2133 allPermDomain =
2134 new java.security.ProtectionDomain(null, perms);
2135 }
2136 pd = allPermDomain;
2137 }
2138 return pd;
2139 }
2140
2141
2142 /**
2143 * Returns the ProtectionDomain of this class.
2144 */
2145 private native java.security.ProtectionDomain getProtectionDomain0();
2146
2147
2148 /**
2149 * Set the ProtectionDomain for this class. Called by
2150 * ClassLoader.defineClass.
2151 */
2152 native void setProtectionDomain0(java.security.ProtectionDomain pd);
2153
2154
2155 /*
2156 * Return the Virtual Machine's Class object for the named
2157 * primitive type.
2158 */
2159 static native Class getPrimitiveClass(String name);
2160
2161
2162 /*
2163 * Check if client is allowed to access members. If access is denied,
2164 * throw a SecurityException.
2165 *
2166 * Be very careful not to change the stack depth of this checkMemberAccess
2167 * call for security reasons.
2168 * See java.lang.SecurityManager.checkMemberAccess.
2169 *
2170 * <p> Default policy: allow all clients access with normal Java access
2171 * control.
2172 */
2173 private void checkMemberAccess(int which, ClassLoader ccl, boolean checkProxyInterfaces) {
2174 SecurityManager s = System.getSecurityManager();
2175 if (s != null) {
2176 s.checkMemberAccess(this, which);
2177 ClassLoader cl = getClassLoader0();
2178 if (ReflectUtil.needsPackageAccessCheck(ccl, cl)) {
2179 String name = this.getName();
2180 int i = name.lastIndexOf('.');
2181 if (i != -1) {
2182 // skip the package access check on a proxy class in default proxy package
2183 String pkg = name.substring(0, i);
2184 if (!Proxy.isProxyClass(this) || !pkg.equals(ReflectUtil.PROXY_PACKAGE)) {
2185 s.checkPackageAccess(pkg);
2186 }
2187 }
2188 }
2189 // check package access on the proxy interfaces
2190 if (checkProxyInterfaces && Proxy.isProxyClass(this)) {
2191 ReflectUtil.checkProxyPackageAccess(ccl, this.getInterfaces());
2192 }
2193 }
2194 }
2195
2196 /**
2197 * Add a package name prefix if the name is not absolute Remove leading "/"
2198 * if name is absolute
2199 */
2200 private String resolveName(String name) {
2201 if (name == null) {
2202 return name;
2203 }
2204 if (!name.startsWith("/")) {
2205 Class<?> c = this;
2206 while (c.isArray()) {
2207 c = c.getComponentType();
2208 }
2209 String baseName = c.getName();
2210 int index = baseName.lastIndexOf('.');
2211 if (index != -1) {
2212 name = baseName.substring(0, index).replace('.', '/')
2213 +"/"+name;
2214 }
2215 } else {
2216 name = name.substring(1);
2217 }
2218 return name;
2219 }
2220
2221 /**
2222 * Reflection support.
2223 */
2224
2225 // Caches for certain reflective results
2226 private static boolean useCaches = true;
2227 private volatile transient SoftReference<Field[]> declaredFields;
2228 private volatile transient SoftReference<Field[]> publicFields;
2229 private volatile transient SoftReference<Method[]> declaredMethods;
2230 private volatile transient SoftReference<Method[]> publicMethods;
2231 private volatile transient SoftReference<Constructor<T>[]> declaredConstructors;
2232 private volatile transient SoftReference<Constructor<T>[]> publicConstructors;
2233 // Intermediate results for getFields and getMethods
2234 private volatile transient SoftReference<Field[]> declaredPublicFields;
2235 private volatile transient SoftReference<Method[]> declaredPublicMethods;
2236
2237 // Incremented by the VM on each call to JVM TI RedefineClasses()
2238 // that redefines this class or a superclass.
2239 private volatile transient int classRedefinedCount = 0;
2240
2241 // Value of classRedefinedCount when we last cleared the cached values
2242 // that are sensitive to class redefinition.
2243 private volatile transient int lastRedefinedCount = 0;
2244
2245 // Clears cached values that might possibly have been obsoleted by
2246 // a class redefinition.
2247 private void clearCachesOnClassRedefinition() {
2248 if (lastRedefinedCount != classRedefinedCount) {
2249 declaredFields = publicFields = declaredPublicFields = null;
2250 declaredMethods = publicMethods = declaredPublicMethods = null;
2251 declaredConstructors = publicConstructors = null;
2252 annotations = declaredAnnotations = null;
2253
2254 // Use of "volatile" (and synchronization by caller in the case
2255 // of annotations) ensures that no thread sees the update to
2256 // lastRedefinedCount before seeing the caches cleared.
2257 // We do not guard against brief windows during which multiple
2258 // threads might redundantly work to fill an empty cache.
2259 lastRedefinedCount = classRedefinedCount;
2260 }
2261 }
2262
2263 // Generic signature handling
2264 private native String getGenericSignature();
2265
2266 // Generic info repository; lazily initialized
2267 private transient ClassRepository genericInfo;
2268
2269 // accessor for factory
2270 private GenericsFactory getFactory() {
2271 // create scope and factory
2272 return CoreReflectionFactory.make(this, ClassScope.make(this));
2273 }
2274
2275 // accessor for generic info repository
2276 private ClassRepository getGenericInfo() {
2277 // lazily initialize repository if necessary
2278 if (genericInfo == null) {
2279 // create and cache generic info repository
2280 genericInfo = ClassRepository.make(getGenericSignature(),
2281 getFactory());
2282 }
2283 return genericInfo; //return cached repository
2284 }
2285
2286 // Annotations handling
2287 private native byte[] getRawAnnotations();
2288
2289 native ConstantPool getConstantPool();
2290
2291 //
2292 //
2293 // java.lang.reflect.Field handling
2294 //
2295 //
2296
2297 // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2298 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2299 // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2300 private Field[] privateGetDeclaredFields(boolean publicOnly) {
2301 checkInitted();
2302 Field[] res = null;
2303 if (useCaches) {
2304 clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
2305 if (publicOnly) {
2306 if (declaredPublicFields != null) {
2307 res = declaredPublicFields.get();
2308 }
2309 } else {
2310 if (declaredFields != null) {
2311 res = declaredFields.get();
2312 }
2313 }
2314 if (res != null) return res;
2315 }
2316 // No cached value available; request value from VM
2317 res = Reflection.filterFields(this, getDeclaredFields0(publicOnly));
2318 if (useCaches) {
2319 if (publicOnly) {
2320 declaredPublicFields = new SoftReference<>(res);
2321 } else {
2322 declaredFields = new SoftReference<>(res);
2323 }
2324 }
2325 return res;
2326 }
2327
2328 // Returns an array of "root" fields. These Field objects must NOT
2329 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2330 // via ReflectionFactory.copyField.
2331 private Field[] privateGetPublicFields(Set<Class<?>> traversedInterfaces) {
2332 checkInitted();
2333 Field[] res = null;
2334 if (useCaches) {
2335 clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
2336 if (publicFields != null) {
2337 res = publicFields.get();
2338 }
2339 if (res != null) return res;
2340 }
2341
2342 // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
2343 // Traverse in correct order for getField().
2344 List<Field> fields = new ArrayList<>();
2345 if (traversedInterfaces == null) {
2346 traversedInterfaces = new HashSet<>();
2347 }
2348
2349 // Local fields
2350 Field[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredFields(true);
2351 addAll(fields, tmp);
2352
2353 // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
2354 for (Class<?> c : getInterfaces()) {
2355 if (!traversedInterfaces.contains(c)) {
2356 traversedInterfaces.add(c);
2357 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2358 }
2359 }
2360
2361 // Direct superclass, recursively
2362 if (!isInterface()) {
2363 Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2364 if (c != null) {
2365 addAll(fields, c.privateGetPublicFields(traversedInterfaces));
2366 }
2367 }
2368
2369 res = new Field[fields.size()];
2370 fields.toArray(res);
2371 if (useCaches) {
2372 publicFields = new SoftReference<>(res);
2373 }
2374 return res;
2375 }
2376
2377 private static void addAll(Collection<Field> c, Field[] o) {
2378 for (int i = 0; i < o.length; i++) {
2379 c.add(o[i]);
2380 }
2381 }
2382
2383
2384 //
2385 //
2386 // java.lang.reflect.Constructor handling
2387 //
2388 //
2389
2390 // Returns an array of "root" constructors. These Constructor
2391 // objects must NOT be propagated to the outside world, but must
2392 // instead be copied via ReflectionFactory.copyConstructor.
2393 private Constructor<T>[] privateGetDeclaredConstructors(boolean publicOnly) {
2394 checkInitted();
2395 Constructor<T>[] res = null;
2396 if (useCaches) {
2397 clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
2398 if (publicOnly) {
2399 if (publicConstructors != null) {
2400 res = publicConstructors.get();
2401 }
2402 } else {
2403 if (declaredConstructors != null) {
2404 res = declaredConstructors.get();
2405 }
2406 }
2407 if (res != null) return res;
2408 }
2409 // No cached value available; request value from VM
2410 if (isInterface()) {
2411 res = new Constructor[0];
2412 } else {
2413 res = getDeclaredConstructors0(publicOnly);
2414 }
2415 if (useCaches) {
2416 if (publicOnly) {
2417 publicConstructors = new SoftReference<>(res);
2418 } else {
2419 declaredConstructors = new SoftReference<>(res);
2420 }
2421 }
2422 return res;
2423 }
2424
2425 //
2426 //
2427 // java.lang.reflect.Method handling
2428 //
2429 //
2430
2431 // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2432 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2433 // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2434 private Method[] privateGetDeclaredMethods(boolean publicOnly) {
2435 checkInitted();
2436 Method[] res = null;
2437 if (useCaches) {
2438 clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
2439 if (publicOnly) {
2440 if (declaredPublicMethods != null) {
2441 res = declaredPublicMethods.get();
2442 }
2443 } else {
2444 if (declaredMethods != null) {
2445 res = declaredMethods.get();
2446 }
2447 }
2448 if (res != null) return res;
2449 }
2450 // No cached value available; request value from VM
2451 res = Reflection.filterMethods(this, getDeclaredMethods0(publicOnly));
2452 if (useCaches) {
2453 if (publicOnly) {
2454 declaredPublicMethods = new SoftReference<>(res);
2455 } else {
2456 declaredMethods = new SoftReference<>(res);
2457 }
2458 }
2459 return res;
2460 }
2461
2462 static class MethodArray {
2463 private Method[] methods;
2464 private int length;
2465
2466 MethodArray() {
2467 methods = new Method[20];
2468 length = 0;
2469 }
2470
2471 void add(Method m) {
2472 if (length == methods.length) {
2473 methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, 2 * methods.length);
2474 }
2475 methods[length++] = m;
2476 }
2477
2478 void addAll(Method[] ma) {
2479 for (int i = 0; i < ma.length; i++) {
2480 add(ma[i]);
2481 }
2482 }
2483
2484 void addAll(MethodArray ma) {
2485 for (int i = 0; i < ma.length(); i++) {
2486 add(ma.get(i));
2487 }
2488 }
2489
2490 void addIfNotPresent(Method newMethod) {
2491 for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
2492 Method m = methods[i];
2493 if (m == newMethod || (m != null && m.equals(newMethod))) {
2494 return;
2495 }
2496 }
2497 add(newMethod);
2498 }
2499
2500 void addAllIfNotPresent(MethodArray newMethods) {
2501 for (int i = 0; i < newMethods.length(); i++) {
2502 Method m = newMethods.get(i);
2503 if (m != null) {
2504 addIfNotPresent(m);
2505 }
2506 }
2507 }
2508
2509 int length() {
2510 return length;
2511 }
2512
2513 Method get(int i) {
2514 return methods[i];
2515 }
2516
2517 void removeByNameAndSignature(Method toRemove) {
2518 for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
2519 Method m = methods[i];
2520 if (m != null &&
2521 m.getReturnType() == toRemove.getReturnType() &&
2522 m.getName() == toRemove.getName() &&
2523 arrayContentsEq(m.getParameterTypes(),
2524 toRemove.getParameterTypes())) {
2525 methods[i] = null;
2526 }
2527 }
2528 }
2529
2530 void compactAndTrim() {
2531 int newPos = 0;
2532 // Get rid of null slots
2533 for (int pos = 0; pos < length; pos++) {
2534 Method m = methods[pos];
2535 if (m != null) {
2536 if (pos != newPos) {
2537 methods[newPos] = m;
2538 }
2539 newPos++;
2540 }
2541 }
2542 if (newPos != methods.length) {
2543 methods = Arrays.copyOf(methods, newPos);
2544 }
2545 }
2546
2547 Method[] getArray() {
2548 return methods;
2549 }
2550 }
2551
2552
2553 // Returns an array of "root" methods. These Method objects must NOT
2554 // be propagated to the outside world, but must instead be copied
2555 // via ReflectionFactory.copyMethod.
2556 private Method[] privateGetPublicMethods() {
2557 checkInitted();
2558 Method[] res = null;
2559 if (useCaches) {
2560 clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
2561 if (publicMethods != null) {
2562 res = publicMethods.get();
2563 }
2564 if (res != null) return res;
2565 }
2566
2567 // No cached value available; compute value recursively.
2568 // Start by fetching public declared methods
2569 MethodArray methods = new MethodArray();
2570 {
2571 Method[] tmp = privateGetDeclaredMethods(true);
2572 methods.addAll(tmp);
2573 }
2574 // Now recur over superclass and direct superinterfaces.
2575 // Go over superinterfaces first so we can more easily filter
2576 // out concrete implementations inherited from superclasses at
2577 // the end.
2578 MethodArray inheritedMethods = new MethodArray();
2579 Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
2580 for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
2581 inheritedMethods.addAll(interfaces[i].privateGetPublicMethods());
2582 }
2583 if (!isInterface()) {
2584 Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2585 if (c != null) {
2586 MethodArray supers = new MethodArray();
2587 supers.addAll(c.privateGetPublicMethods());
2588 // Filter out concrete implementations of any
2589 // interface methods
2590 for (int i = 0; i < supers.length(); i++) {
2591 Method m = supers.get(i);
2592 if (m != null && !Modifier.isAbstract(m.getModifiers())) {
2593 inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndSignature(m);
2594 }
2595 }
2596 // Insert superclass's inherited methods before
2597 // superinterfaces' to satisfy getMethod's search
2598 // order
2599 supers.addAll(inheritedMethods);
2600 inheritedMethods = supers;
2601 }
2602 }
2603 // Filter out all local methods from inherited ones
2604 for (int i = 0; i < methods.length(); i++) {
2605 Method m = methods.get(i);
2606 inheritedMethods.removeByNameAndSignature(m);
2607 }
2608 methods.addAllIfNotPresent(inheritedMethods);
2609 methods.compactAndTrim();
2610 res = methods.getArray();
2611 if (useCaches) {
2612 publicMethods = new SoftReference<>(res);
2613 }
2614 return res;
2615 }
2616
2617
2618 //
2619 // Helpers for fetchers of one field, method, or constructor
2620 //
2621
2622 private Field searchFields(Field[] fields, String name) {
2623 String internedName = name.intern();
2624 for (int i = 0; i < fields.length; i++) {
2625 if (fields[i].getName() == internedName) {
2626 return getReflectionFactory().copyField(fields[i]);
2627 }
2628 }
2629 return null;
2630 }
2631
2632 private Field getField0(String name) throws NoSuchFieldException {
2633 // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
2634 // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
2635 // privateGetPublicFields(). It fetches only the declared
2636 // public fields for each class, however, to reduce the number
2637 // of Field objects which have to be created for the common
2638 // case where the field being requested is declared in the
2639 // class which is being queried.
2640 Field res = null;
2641 // Search declared public fields
2642 if ((res = searchFields(privateGetDeclaredFields(true), name)) != null) {
2643 return res;
2644 }
2645 // Direct superinterfaces, recursively
2646 Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
2647 for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
2648 Class<?> c = interfaces[i];
2649 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
2650 return res;
2651 }
2652 }
2653 // Direct superclass, recursively
2654 if (!isInterface()) {
2655 Class<?> c = getSuperclass();
2656 if (c != null) {
2657 if ((res = c.getField0(name)) != null) {
2658 return res;
2659 }
2660 }
2661 }
2662 return null;
2663 }
2664
2665 private static Method searchMethods(Method[] methods,
2666 String name,
2667 Class<?>[] parameterTypes)
2668 {
2669 Method res = null;
2670 String internedName = name.intern();
2671 for (int i = 0; i < methods.length; i++) {
2672 Method m = methods[i];
2673 if (m.getName() == internedName
2674 && arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes, m.getParameterTypes())
2675 && (res == null
2676 || res.getReturnType().isAssignableFrom(m.getReturnType())))
2677 res = m;
2678 }
2679
2680 return (res == null ? res : getReflectionFactory().copyMethod(res));
2681 }
2682
2683
2684 private Method getMethod0(String name, Class<?>[] parameterTypes) {
2685 // Note: the intent is that the search algorithm this routine
2686 // uses be equivalent to the ordering imposed by
2687 // privateGetPublicMethods(). It fetches only the declared
2688 // public methods for each class, however, to reduce the
2689 // number of Method objects which have to be created for the
2690 // common case where the method being requested is declared in
2691 // the class which is being queried.
2692 Method res = null;
2693 // Search declared public methods
2694 if ((res = searchMethods(privateGetDeclaredMethods(true),
2695 name,
2696 parameterTypes)) != null) {
2697 return res;
2698 }
2699 // Search superclass's methods
2700 if (!isInterface()) {
2701 Class<? super T> c = getSuperclass();
2702 if (c != null) {
2703 if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes)) != null) {
2704 return res;
2705 }
2706 }
2707 }
2708 // Search superinterfaces' methods
2709 Class<?>[] interfaces = getInterfaces();
2710 for (int i = 0; i < interfaces.length; i++) {
2711 Class<?> c = interfaces[i];
2712 if ((res = c.getMethod0(name, parameterTypes)) != null) {
2713 return res;
2714 }
2715 }
2716 // Not found
2717 return null;
2718 }
2719
2720 private Constructor<T> getConstructor0(Class<?>[] parameterTypes,
2721 int which) throws NoSuchMethodException
2722 {
2723 Constructor<T>[] constructors = privateGetDeclaredConstructors((which == Member.PUBLIC));
2724 for (Constructor<T> constructor : constructors) {
2725 if (arrayContentsEq(parameterTypes,
2726 constructor.getParameterTypes())) {
2727 return getReflectionFactory().copyConstructor(constructor);
2728 }
2729 }
2730 throw new NoSuchMethodException(getName() + ".<init>" + argumentTypesToString(parameterTypes));
2731 }
2732
2733 //
2734 // Other helpers and base implementation
2735 //
2736
2737 private static boolean arrayContentsEq(Object[] a1, Object[] a2) {
2738 if (a1 == null) {
2739 return a2 == null || a2.length == 0;
2740 }
2741
2742 if (a2 == null) {
2743 return a1.length == 0;
2744 }
2745
2746 if (a1.length != a2.length) {
2747 return false;
2748 }
2749
2750 for (int i = 0; i < a1.length; i++) {
2751 if (a1[i] != a2[i]) {
2752 return false;
2753 }
2754 }
2755
2756 return true;
2757 }
2758
2759 private static Field[] copyFields(Field[] arg) {
2760 Field[] out = new Field[arg.length];
2761 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
2762 for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
2763 out[i] = fact.copyField(arg[i]);
2764 }
2765 return out;
2766 }
2767
2768 private static Method[] copyMethods(Method[] arg) {
2769 Method[] out = new Method[arg.length];
2770 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
2771 for (int i = 0; i < arg.length; i++) {
2772 out[i] = fact.copyMethod(arg[i]);
2773 }
2774 return out;
2775 }
2776
2777 private static <U> Constructor<U>[] copyConstructors(Constructor<U>[] arg) {
2778 Constructor<U>[] out = arg.clone();
2779 ReflectionFactory fact = getReflectionFactory();
2780 for (int i = 0; i < out.length; i++) {
2781 out[i] = fact.copyConstructor(out[i]);
2782 }
2783 return out;
2784 }
2785
2786 private native Field[] getDeclaredFields0(boolean publicOnly);
2787 private native Method[] getDeclaredMethods0(boolean publicOnly);
2788 private native Constructor<T>[] getDeclaredConstructors0(boolean publicOnly);
2789 private native Class<?>[] getDeclaredClasses0();
2790
2791 private static String argumentTypesToString(Class<?>[] argTypes) {
2792 StringBuilder buf = new StringBuilder();
2793 buf.append("(");
2794 if (argTypes != null) {
2795 for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.length; i++) {
2796 if (i > 0) {
2797 buf.append(", ");
2798 }
2799 Class<?> c = argTypes[i];
2800 buf.append((c == null) ? "null" : c.getName());
2801 }
2802 }
2803 buf.append(")");
2804 return buf.toString();
2805 }
2806
2807 /** use serialVersionUID from JDK 1.1 for interoperability */
2808 private static final long serialVersionUID = 3206093459760846163L;
2809
2810
2811 /**
2812 * Class Class is special cased within the Serialization Stream Protocol.
2813 *
2814 * A Class instance is written initially into an ObjectOutputStream in the
2815 * following format:
2816 * <pre>
2817 * {@code TC_CLASS} ClassDescriptor
2818 * A ClassDescriptor is a special cased serialization of
2819 * a {@code java.io.ObjectStreamClass} instance.
2820 * </pre>
2821 * A new handle is generated for the initial time the class descriptor
2822 * is written into the stream. Future references to the class descriptor
2823 * are written as references to the initial class descriptor instance.
2824 *
2825 * @see java.io.ObjectStreamClass
2826 */
2827 private static final ObjectStreamField[] serialPersistentFields =
2828 new ObjectStreamField[0];
2829
2830
2831 /**
2832 * Returns the assertion status that would be assigned to this
2833 * class if it were to be initialized at the time this method is invoked.
2834 * If this class has had its assertion status set, the most recent
2835 * setting will be returned; otherwise, if any package default assertion
2836 * status pertains to this class, the most recent setting for the most
2837 * specific pertinent package default assertion status is returned;
2838 * otherwise, if this class is not a system class (i.e., it has a
2839 * class loader) its class loader's default assertion status is returned;
2840 * otherwise, the system class default assertion status is returned.
2841 * <p>
2842 * Few programmers will have any need for this method; it is provided
2843 * for the benefit of the JRE itself. (It allows a class to determine at
2844 * the time that it is initialized whether assertions should be enabled.)
2845 * Note that this method is not guaranteed to return the actual
2846 * assertion status that was (or will be) associated with the specified
2847 * class when it was (or will be) initialized.
2848 *
2849 * @return the desired assertion status of the specified class.
2850 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#setClassAssertionStatus
2851 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#setPackageAssertionStatus
2852 * @see java.lang.ClassLoader#setDefaultAssertionStatus
2853 * @since 1.4
2854 */
2855 public boolean desiredAssertionStatus() {
2856 ClassLoader loader = getClassLoader();
2857 // If the loader is null this is a system class, so ask the VM
2858 if (loader == null)
2859 return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
2860
2861 // If the classloader has been initialized with the assertion
2862 // directives, ask it. Otherwise, ask the VM.
2863 synchronized(loader.assertionLock) {
2864 if (loader.classAssertionStatus != null) {
2865 return loader.desiredAssertionStatus(getName());
2866 }
2867 }
2868 return desiredAssertionStatus0(this);
2869 }
2870
2871 // Retrieves the desired assertion status of this class from the VM
2872 private static native boolean desiredAssertionStatus0(Class<?> clazz);
2873
2874 /**
2875 * Returns true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
2876 * source code.
2877 *
2878 * @return true if and only if this class was declared as an enum in the
2879 * source code
2880 * @since 1.5
2881 */
2882 public boolean isEnum() {
2883 // An enum must both directly extend java.lang.Enum and have
2884 // the ENUM bit set; classes for specialized enum constants
2885 // don't do the former.
2886 return (this.getModifiers() & ENUM) != 0 &&
2887 this.getSuperclass() == java.lang.Enum.class;
2888 }
2889
2890 // Fetches the factory for reflective objects
2891 private static ReflectionFactory getReflectionFactory() {
2892 if (reflectionFactory == null) {
2893 reflectionFactory =
2894 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged
2895 (new sun.reflect.ReflectionFactory.GetReflectionFactoryAction());
2896 }
2897 return reflectionFactory;
2898 }
2899 private static ReflectionFactory reflectionFactory;
2900
2901 // To be able to query system properties as soon as they're available
2902 private static boolean initted = false;
2903 private static void checkInitted() {
2904 if (initted) return;
2905 AccessController.doPrivileged(new PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
2906 public Void run() {
2907 // Tests to ensure the system properties table is fully
2908 // initialized. This is needed because reflection code is
2909 // called very early in the initialization process (before
2910 // command-line arguments have been parsed and therefore
2911 // these user-settable properties installed.) We assume that
2912 // if System.out is non-null then the System class has been
2913 // fully initialized and that the bulk of the startup code
2914 // has been run.
2915
2916 if (System.out == null) {
2917 // java.lang.System not yet fully initialized
2918 return null;
2919 }
2920
2921 String val =
2922 System.getProperty("sun.reflect.noCaches");
2923 if (val != null && val.equals("true")) {
2924 useCaches = false;
2925 }
2926
2927 initted = true;
2928 return null;
2929 }
2930 });
2931 }
2932
2933 /**
2934 * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
2935 * Class object does not represent an enum type.
2936 *
2937 * @return an array containing the values comprising the enum class
2938 * represented by this Class object in the order they're
2939 * declared, or null if this Class object does not
2940 * represent an enum type
2941 * @since 1.5
2942 */
2943 public T[] getEnumConstants() {
2944 T[] values = getEnumConstantsShared();
2945 return (values != null) ? values.clone() : null;
2946 }
2947
2948 /**
2949 * Returns the elements of this enum class or null if this
2950 * Class object does not represent an enum type;
2951 * identical to getEnumConstants except that the result is
2952 * uncloned, cached, and shared by all callers.
2953 */
2954 T[] getEnumConstantsShared() {
2955 if (enumConstants == null) {
2956 if (!isEnum()) return null;
2957 try {
2958 final Method values = getMethod("values");
2959 java.security.AccessController.doPrivileged(
2960 new java.security.PrivilegedAction<Void>() {
2961 public Void run() {
2962 values.setAccessible(true);
2963 return null;
2964 }
2965 });
2966 enumConstants = (T[])values.invoke(null);
2967 }
2968 // These can happen when users concoct enum-like classes
2969 // that don't comply with the enum spec.
2970 catch (InvocationTargetException ex) { return null; }
2971 catch (NoSuchMethodException ex) { return null; }
2972 catch (IllegalAccessException ex) { return null; }
2973 }
2974 return enumConstants;
2975 }
2976 private volatile transient T[] enumConstants = null;
2977
2978 /**
2979 * Returns a map from simple name to enum constant. This package-private
2980 * method is used internally by Enum to implement
2981 * public static <T extends Enum<T>> T valueOf(Class<T>, String)
2982 * efficiently. Note that the map is returned by this method is
2983 * created lazily on first use. Typically it won't ever get created.
2984 */
2985 Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory() {
2986 if (enumConstantDirectory == null) {
2987 T[] universe = getEnumConstantsShared();
2988 if (universe == null)
2989 throw new IllegalArgumentException(
2990 getName() + " is not an enum type");
2991 Map<String, T> m = new HashMap<>(2 * universe.length);
2992 for (T constant : universe)
2993 m.put(((Enum<?>)constant).name(), constant);
2994 enumConstantDirectory = m;
2995 }
2996 return enumConstantDirectory;
2997 }
2998 private volatile transient Map<String, T> enumConstantDirectory = null;
2999
3000 /**
3001 * Casts an object to the class or interface represented
3002 * by this {@code Class} object.
3003 *
3004 * @param obj the object to be cast
3005 * @return the object after casting, or null if obj is null
3006 *
3007 * @throws ClassCastException if the object is not
3008 * null and is not assignable to the type T.
3009 *
3010 * @since 1.5
3011 */
3012 public T cast(Object obj) {
3013 if (obj != null && !isInstance(obj))
3014 throw new ClassCastException(cannotCastMsg(obj));
3015 return (T) obj;
3016 }
3017
3018 private String cannotCastMsg(Object obj) {
3019 return "Cannot cast " + obj.getClass().getName() + " to " + getName();
3020 }
3021
3022 /**
3023 * Casts this {@code Class} object to represent a subclass of the class
3024 * represented by the specified class object. Checks that that the cast
3025 * is valid, and throws a {@code ClassCastException} if it is not. If
3026 * this method succeeds, it always returns a reference to this class object.
3027 *
3028 * <p>This method is useful when a client needs to "narrow" the type of
3029 * a {@code Class} object to pass it to an API that restricts the
3030 * {@code Class} objects that it is willing to accept. A cast would
3031 * generate a compile-time warning, as the correctness of the cast
3032 * could not be checked at runtime (because generic types are implemented
3033 * by erasure).
3034 *
3035 * @return this {@code Class} object, cast to represent a subclass of
3036 * the specified class object.
3037 * @throws ClassCastException if this {@code Class} object does not
3038 * represent a subclass of the specified class (here "subclass" includes
3039 * the class itself).
3040 * @since 1.5
3041 */
3042 public <U> Class<? extends U> asSubclass(Class<U> clazz) {
3043 if (clazz.isAssignableFrom(this))
3044 return (Class<? extends U>) this;
3045 else
3046 throw new ClassCastException(this.toString());
3047 }
3048
3049 /**
3050 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3051 * @since 1.5
3052 */
3053 public <A extends Annotation> A getAnnotation(Class<A> annotationClass) {
3054 if (annotationClass == null)
3055 throw new NullPointerException();
3056
3057 initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
3058 return (A) annotations.get(annotationClass);
3059 }
3060
3061 /**
3062 * @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
3063 * @since 1.5
3064 */
3065 public boolean isAnnotationPresent(
3066 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass) {
3067 if (annotationClass == null)
3068 throw new NullPointerException();
3069
3070 return getAnnotation(annotationClass) != null;
3071 }
3072
3073
3074 /**
3075 * @since 1.5
3076 */
3077 public Annotation[] getAnnotations() {
3078 initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
3079 return AnnotationParser.toArray(annotations);
3080 }
3081
3082 /**
3083 * @since 1.5
3084 */
3085 public Annotation[] getDeclaredAnnotations() {
3086 initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
3087 return AnnotationParser.toArray(declaredAnnotations);
3088 }
3089
3090 // Annotations cache
3091 private transient Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> annotations;
3092 private transient Map<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> declaredAnnotations;
3093
3094 private synchronized void initAnnotationsIfNecessary() {
3095 clearCachesOnClassRedefinition();
3096 if (annotations != null)
3097 return;
3098 declaredAnnotations = AnnotationParser.parseAnnotations(
3099 getRawAnnotations(), getConstantPool(), this);
3100 Class<?> superClass = getSuperclass();
3101 if (superClass == null) {
3102 annotations = declaredAnnotations;
3103 } else {
3104 annotations = new HashMap<>();
3105 superClass.initAnnotationsIfNecessary();
3106 for (Map.Entry<Class<? extends Annotation>, Annotation> e : superClass.annotations.entrySet()) {
3107 Class<? extends Annotation> annotationClass = e.getKey();
3108 if (AnnotationType.getInstance(annotationClass).isInherited())
3109 annotations.put(annotationClass, e.getValue());
3110 }
3111 annotations.putAll(declaredAnnotations);
3112 }
3113 }
3114
3115 // Annotation types cache their internal (AnnotationType) form
3116
3117 private AnnotationType annotationType;
3118
3119 void setAnnotationType(AnnotationType type) {
3120 annotationType = type;
3121 }
3122
3123 AnnotationType getAnnotationType() {
3124 return annotationType;
3125 }
3126
3127 /* Backing store of user-defined values pertaining to this class.
3128 * Maintained by the ClassValue class.
3129 */
3130 transient ClassValue.ClassValueMap classValueMap;
3131 }