1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2015, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package jdk.tools.jmod;
  27 
  28 import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
  29 import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
  30 import java.io.File;
  31 import java.io.IOException;
  32 import java.io.InputStream;
  33 import java.io.OutputStream;
  34 import java.io.PrintWriter;
  35 import java.io.UncheckedIOException;
  36 import java.lang.module.Configuration;
  37 import java.lang.module.FindException;
  38 import java.lang.module.ModuleReader;
  39 import java.lang.module.ModuleReference;
  40 import java.lang.module.ModuleFinder;
  41 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor;
  42 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor.Exports;
  43 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor.Opens;
  44 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor.Provides;
  45 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor.Requires;
  46 import java.lang.module.ModuleDescriptor.Version;
  47 import java.lang.module.ResolutionException;
  48 import java.lang.module.ResolvedModule;
  49 import java.net.URI;
  50 import java.nio.file.FileSystems;
  51 import java.nio.file.FileVisitOption;
  52 import java.nio.file.FileVisitResult;
  53 import java.nio.file.Files;
  54 import java.nio.file.InvalidPathException;
  55 import java.nio.file.Path;
  56 import java.nio.file.PathMatcher;
  57 import java.nio.file.Paths;
  58 import java.nio.file.SimpleFileVisitor;
  59 import java.nio.file.StandardCopyOption;
  60 import java.nio.file.attribute.BasicFileAttributes;
  61 import java.text.MessageFormat;
  62 import java.util.ArrayList;
  63 import java.util.Collection;
  64 import java.util.Collections;
  65 import java.util.Comparator;
  66 import java.util.HashSet;
  67 import java.util.LinkedHashMap;
  68 import java.util.List;
  69 import java.util.Locale;
  70 import java.util.Map;
  71 import java.util.MissingResourceException;
  72 import java.util.Optional;
  73 import java.util.ResourceBundle;
  74 import java.util.Set;
  75 import java.util.TreeSet;
  76 import java.util.function.Consumer;
  77 import java.util.function.Predicate;
  78 import java.util.function.Supplier;
  79 import java.util.jar.JarEntry;
  80 import java.util.jar.JarFile;
  81 import java.util.jar.JarOutputStream;
  82 import java.util.stream.Collectors;
  83 import java.util.regex.Pattern;
  84 import java.util.regex.PatternSyntaxException;
  85 import java.util.zip.ZipEntry;
  86 import java.util.zip.ZipException;
  87 import java.util.zip.ZipFile;
  88 
  89 import jdk.internal.jmod.JmodFile;
  90 import jdk.internal.jmod.JmodFile.Section;
  91 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.BuiltinHelpFormatter;
  92 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.NonOptionArgumentSpec;
  93 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.OptionDescriptor;
  94 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.OptionException;
  95 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.OptionParser;
  96 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.OptionSet;
  97 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.OptionSpec;
  98 import jdk.internal.joptsimple.ValueConverter;
  99 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleHashes;
 100 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleHashesBuilder;
 101 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleInfo;
 102 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleInfoExtender;
 103 import jdk.internal.module.ModulePath;
 104 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleResolution;
 105 import jdk.internal.module.ModuleTarget;
 106 import jdk.internal.module.Resources;
 107 import jdk.tools.jlink.internal.Utils;
 108 
 109 import static java.util.stream.Collectors.joining;
 110 
 111 /**
 112  * Implementation for the jmod tool.
 113  */
 114 public class JmodTask {
 115 
 116     static class CommandException extends RuntimeException {
 117         private static final long serialVersionUID = 0L;
 118         boolean showUsage;
 119 
 120         CommandException(String key, Object... args) {
 121             super(getMessageOrKey(key, args));
 122         }
 123 
 124         CommandException showUsage(boolean b) {
 125             showUsage = b;
 126             return this;
 127         }
 128 
 129         private static String getMessageOrKey(String key, Object... args) {
 130             try {
 131                 return MessageFormat.format(ResourceBundleHelper.bundle.getString(key), args);
 132             } catch (MissingResourceException e) {
 133                 return key;
 134             }
 135         }
 136     }
 137 
 138     private static final String PROGNAME = "jmod";
 139     private static final String MODULE_INFO = "module-info.class";
 140 
 141     private static final Path CWD = Paths.get("");
 142 
 143     private Options options;
 144     private PrintWriter out = new PrintWriter(System.out, true);
 145     void setLog(PrintWriter out, PrintWriter err) {
 146         this.out = out;
 147     }
 148 
 149     /* Result codes. */
 150     static final int EXIT_OK = 0, // Completed with no errors.
 151                      EXIT_ERROR = 1, // Completed but reported errors.
 152                      EXIT_CMDERR = 2, // Bad command-line arguments
 153                      EXIT_SYSERR = 3, // System error or resource exhaustion.
 154                      EXIT_ABNORMAL = 4;// terminated abnormally
 155 
 156     enum Mode {
 157         CREATE,
 158         EXTRACT,
 159         LIST,
 160         DESCRIBE,
 161         HASH
 162     };
 163 
 164     static class Options {
 165         Mode mode;
 166         Path jmodFile;
 167         boolean help;
 168         boolean helpExtra;
 169         boolean version;
 170         List<Path> classpath;
 171         List<Path> cmds;
 172         List<Path> configs;
 173         List<Path> libs;
 174         List<Path> headerFiles;
 175         List<Path> manPages;
 176         List<Path> legalNotices;;
 177         ModuleFinder moduleFinder;
 178         Version moduleVersion;
 179         String mainClass;
 180         String targetPlatform;
 181         Pattern modulesToHash;
 182         ModuleResolution moduleResolution;
 183         boolean dryrun;
 184         List<PathMatcher> excludes;
 185         Path extractDir;
 186     }
 187 
 188     public int run(String[] args) {
 189 
 190         try {
 191             handleOptions(args);
 192             if (options == null) {
 193                 showUsageSummary();
 194                 return EXIT_CMDERR;
 195             }
 196             if (options.help || options.helpExtra) {
 197                 showHelp();
 198                 return EXIT_OK;
 199             }
 200             if (options.version) {
 201                 showVersion();
 202                 return EXIT_OK;
 203             }
 204 
 205             boolean ok;
 206             switch (options.mode) {
 207                 case CREATE:
 208                     ok = create();
 209                     break;
 210                 case EXTRACT:
 211                     ok = extract();
 212                     break;
 213                 case LIST:
 214                     ok = list();
 215                     break;
 216                 case DESCRIBE:
 217                     ok = describe();
 218                     break;
 219                 case HASH:
 220                     ok = hashModules();
 221                     break;
 222                 default:
 223                     throw new AssertionError("Unknown mode: " + options.mode.name());
 224             }
 225 
 226             return ok ? EXIT_OK : EXIT_ERROR;
 227         } catch (CommandException e) {
 228             reportError(e.getMessage());
 229             if (e.showUsage)
 230                 showUsageSummary();
 231             return EXIT_CMDERR;
 232         } catch (Exception x) {
 233             reportError(x.getMessage());
 234             x.printStackTrace();
 235             return EXIT_ABNORMAL;
 236         } finally {
 237             out.flush();
 238         }
 239     }
 240 
 241     private boolean list() throws IOException {
 242         ZipFile zip = null;
 243         try {
 244             try {
 245                 zip = new ZipFile(options.jmodFile.toFile());
 246             } catch (IOException x) {
 247                 throw new IOException("error opening jmod file", x);
 248             }
 249 
 250             // Trivially print the archive entries for now, pending a more complete implementation
 251             zip.stream().forEach(e -> out.println(e.getName()));
 252             return true;
 253         } finally {
 254             if (zip != null)
 255                 zip.close();
 256         }
 257     }
 258 
 259     private boolean extract() throws IOException {
 260         Path dir = options.extractDir != null ? options.extractDir : CWD;
 261         try (JmodFile jf = new JmodFile(options.jmodFile)) {
 262             jf.stream().forEach(e -> {
 263                 try {
 264                     ZipEntry entry = e.zipEntry();
 265                     String name = entry.getName();
 266                     int index = name.lastIndexOf("/");
 267                     if (index != -1) {
 268                         Path p = dir.resolve(name.substring(0, index));
 269                         if (Files.notExists(p))
 270                             Files.createDirectories(p);
 271                     }
 272 
 273                     try (OutputStream os = Files.newOutputStream(dir.resolve(name))) {
 274                         jf.getInputStream(e).transferTo(os);
 275                     }
 276                 } catch (IOException x) {
 277                     throw new UncheckedIOException(x);
 278                 }
 279             });
 280 
 281             return true;
 282         }
 283     }
 284 
 285     private boolean hashModules() {
 286         if (options.dryrun) {
 287             out.println("Dry run:");
 288         }
 289 
 290         Hasher hasher = new Hasher(options.moduleFinder);
 291         hasher.computeHashes().forEach((mn, hashes) -> {
 292             if (options.dryrun) {
 293                 out.format("%s%n", mn);
 294                 hashes.names().stream()
 295                     .sorted()
 296                     .forEach(name -> out.format("  hashes %s %s %s%n",
 297                         name, hashes.algorithm(), toHex(hashes.hashFor(name))));
 298             } else {
 299                 try {
 300                     hasher.updateModuleInfo(mn, hashes);
 301                 } catch (IOException ex) {
 302                     throw new UncheckedIOException(ex);
 303                 }
 304             }
 305         });
 306         return true;
 307     }
 308 
 309     private boolean describe() throws IOException {
 310         try (JmodFile jf = new JmodFile(options.jmodFile)) {
 311             try (InputStream in = jf.getInputStream(Section.CLASSES, MODULE_INFO)) {
 312                 ModuleInfo.Attributes attrs = ModuleInfo.read(in, null);
 313                 describeModule(attrs.descriptor(),
 314                                attrs.target(),
 315                                attrs.recordedHashes());
 316                 return true;
 317             } catch (IOException e) {
 318                 throw new CommandException("err.module.descriptor.not.found");
 319             }
 320         }
 321     }
 322 
 323     static <T> String toString(Collection<T> c) {
 324         if (c.isEmpty()) { return ""; }
 325         return " " + c.stream().map(e -> e.toString().toLowerCase(Locale.ROOT))
 326                 .sorted().collect(joining(" "));
 327     }
 328 
 329     private void describeModule(ModuleDescriptor md,
 330                                 ModuleTarget target,
 331                                 ModuleHashes hashes)
 332         throws IOException
 333     {
 334         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder();
 335 
 336         sb.append(md.toNameAndVersion());
 337 
 338         if (md.isOpen())
 339             sb.append(" open");
 340         if (md.isAutomatic())
 341             sb.append(" automatic");
 342         sb.append("\n");
 343 
 344         // unqualified exports (sorted by package)
 345         md.exports().stream()
 346                 .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Exports::source))
 347                 .filter(e -> !e.isQualified())
 348                 .forEach(e -> sb.append("exports ").append(e.source())
 349                                 .append(toString(e.modifiers())).append("\n"));
 350 
 351         // dependences
 352         md.requires().stream().sorted()
 353                 .forEach(r -> sb.append("requires ").append(r.name())
 354                                 .append(toString(r.modifiers())).append("\n"));
 355 
 356         // service use and provides
 357         md.uses().stream().sorted()
 358                 .forEach(s -> sb.append("uses ").append(s).append("\n"));
 359 
 360         md.provides().stream()
 361                 .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Provides::service))
 362                 .forEach(p -> sb.append("provides ").append(p.service())
 363                                 .append(" with")
 364                                 .append(toString(p.providers()))
 365                                 .append("\n"));
 366 
 367         // qualified exports
 368         md.exports().stream()
 369                 .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Exports::source))
 370                 .filter(Exports::isQualified)
 371                 .forEach(e -> sb.append("qualified exports ").append(e.source())
 372                                 .append(" to").append(toString(e.targets()))
 373                                 .append("\n"));
 374 
 375         // open packages
 376         md.opens().stream()
 377                 .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Opens::source))
 378                 .filter(o -> !o.isQualified())
 379                 .forEach(o -> sb.append("opens ").append(o.source())
 380                                  .append(toString(o.modifiers()))
 381                                  .append("\n"));
 382 
 383         md.opens().stream()
 384                 .sorted(Comparator.comparing(Opens::source))
 385                 .filter(Opens::isQualified)
 386                 .forEach(o -> sb.append("qualified opens ").append(o.source())
 387                                  .append(toString(o.modifiers()))
 388                                  .append(" to").append(toString(o.targets()))
 389                                  .append("\n"));
 390 
 391         // non-exported/non-open packages
 392         Set<String> concealed = new TreeSet<>(md.packages());
 393         md.exports().stream().map(Exports::source).forEach(concealed::remove);
 394         md.opens().stream().map(Opens::source).forEach(concealed::remove);
 395         concealed.forEach(p -> sb.append("contains ").append(p).append("\n"));
 396 
 397         md.mainClass().ifPresent(v -> sb.append("main-class ").append(v).append("\n"));
 398 
 399         if (target != null) {
 400             String targetPlatform = target.targetPlatform();
 401             if (!targetPlatform.isEmpty())
 402                 sb.append("platform ").append(targetPlatform).append("\n");
 403        }
 404 
 405        if (hashes != null) {
 406            hashes.names().stream().sorted().forEach(
 407                    mod -> sb.append("hashes ").append(mod).append(" ")
 408                             .append(hashes.algorithm()).append(" ")
 409                             .append(toHex(hashes.hashFor(mod)))
 410                             .append("\n"));
 411         }
 412 
 413         out.println(sb.toString());
 414     }
 415 
 416     private String toHex(byte[] ba) {
 417         StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(ba.length);
 418         for (byte b: ba) {
 419             sb.append(String.format("%02x", b & 0xff));
 420         }
 421         return sb.toString();
 422     }
 423 
 424     private boolean create() throws IOException {
 425         JmodFileWriter jmod = new JmodFileWriter();
 426 
 427         // create jmod with temporary name to avoid it being examined
 428         // when scanning the module path
 429         Path target = options.jmodFile;
 430         Path tempTarget = jmodTempFilePath(target);
 431         try {
 432             try (JmodOutputStream jos = JmodOutputStream.newOutputStream(tempTarget)) {
 433                 jmod.write(jos);
 434             }
 435             Files.move(tempTarget, target);
 436         } catch (Exception e) {
 437             try {
 438                 Files.deleteIfExists(tempTarget);
 439             } catch (IOException ioe) {
 440                 e.addSuppressed(ioe);
 441             }
 442             throw e;
 443         }
 444         return true;
 445     }
 446 
 447     /*
 448      * Create a JMOD .tmp file for the given target JMOD file
 449      */
 450     private static Path jmodTempFilePath(Path target) throws IOException {
 451         return target.resolveSibling("." + target.getFileName() + ".tmp");
 452     }
 453 
 454     private class JmodFileWriter {
 455         final List<Path> cmds = options.cmds;
 456         final List<Path> libs = options.libs;
 457         final List<Path> configs = options.configs;
 458         final List<Path> classpath = options.classpath;
 459         final List<Path> headerFiles = options.headerFiles;
 460         final List<Path> manPages = options.manPages;
 461         final List<Path> legalNotices = options.legalNotices;
 462 
 463         final Version moduleVersion = options.moduleVersion;
 464         final String mainClass = options.mainClass;
 465         final String targetPlatform = options.targetPlatform;
 466         final List<PathMatcher> excludes = options.excludes;
 467         final ModuleResolution moduleResolution = options.moduleResolution;
 468 
 469         JmodFileWriter() { }
 470 
 471         /**
 472          * Writes the jmod to the given output stream.
 473          */
 474         void write(JmodOutputStream out) throws IOException {
 475             // module-info.class
 476             writeModuleInfo(out, findPackages(classpath));
 477 
 478             // classes
 479             processClasses(out, classpath);
 480 
 481             processSection(out, Section.CONFIG, configs);
 482             processSection(out, Section.HEADER_FILES, headerFiles);
 483             processSection(out, Section.LEGAL_NOTICES, legalNotices);
 484             processSection(out, Section.MAN_PAGES, manPages);
 485             processSection(out, Section.NATIVE_CMDS, cmds);
 486             processSection(out, Section.NATIVE_LIBS, libs);
 487 
 488         }
 489 
 490         /**
 491          * Returns a supplier of an input stream to the module-info.class
 492          * on the class path of directories and JAR files.
 493          */
 494         Supplier<InputStream> newModuleInfoSupplier() throws IOException {
 495             ByteArrayOutputStream baos = new ByteArrayOutputStream();
 496             for (Path e: classpath) {
 497                 if (Files.isDirectory(e)) {
 498                     Path mi = e.resolve(MODULE_INFO);
 499                     if (Files.isRegularFile(mi)) {
 500                         Files.copy(mi, baos);
 501                         break;
 502                     }
 503                 } else if (Files.isRegularFile(e) && e.toString().endsWith(".jar")) {
 504                     try (JarFile jf = new JarFile(e.toFile())) {
 505                         ZipEntry entry = jf.getEntry(MODULE_INFO);
 506                         if (entry != null) {
 507                             jf.getInputStream(entry).transferTo(baos);
 508                             break;
 509                         }
 510                     } catch (ZipException x) {
 511                         // Skip. Do nothing. No packages will be added.
 512                     }
 513                 }
 514             }
 515             if (baos.size() == 0) {
 516                 return null;
 517             } else {
 518                 byte[] bytes = baos.toByteArray();
 519                 return () -> new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes);
 520             }
 521         }
 522 
 523         /**
 524          * Writes the updated module-info.class to the ZIP output stream.
 525          *
 526          * The updated module-info.class will have a Packages attribute
 527          * with the set of module-private/non-exported packages.
 528          *
 529          * If --module-version, --main-class, or other options were provided
 530          * then the corresponding class file attributes are added to the
 531          * module-info here.
 532          */
 533         void writeModuleInfo(JmodOutputStream out, Set<String> packages)
 534             throws IOException
 535         {
 536             Supplier<InputStream> miSupplier = newModuleInfoSupplier();
 537             if (miSupplier == null) {
 538                 throw new IOException(MODULE_INFO + " not found");
 539             }
 540 
 541             ModuleDescriptor descriptor;
 542             try (InputStream in = miSupplier.get()) {
 543                 descriptor = ModuleDescriptor.read(in);
 544             }
 545 
 546             // copy the module-info.class into the jmod with the additional
 547             // attributes for the version, main class and other meta data
 548             try (InputStream in = miSupplier.get()) {
 549                 ModuleInfoExtender extender = ModuleInfoExtender.newExtender(in);
 550 
 551                 // Add (or replace) the Packages attribute
 552                 if (packages != null) {
 553                     validatePackages(descriptor, packages);
 554                     extender.packages(packages);
 555                 }
 556 
 557                 // --main-class
 558                 if (mainClass != null)
 559                     extender.mainClass(mainClass);
 560 
 561                 // --target-platform
 562                 if (targetPlatform != null) {
 563                     extender.targetPlatform(targetPlatform);
 564                 }
 565 
 566                 // --module-version
 567                 if (moduleVersion != null)
 568                     extender.version(moduleVersion);
 569 
 570                 // --hash-modules
 571                 if (options.modulesToHash != null) {
 572                     // To compute hashes, it creates a Configuration to resolve
 573                     // a module graph.  The post-resolution check requires
 574                     // the packages in ModuleDescriptor be available for validation.
 575                     ModuleDescriptor md;
 576                     try (InputStream is = miSupplier.get()) {
 577                         md = ModuleDescriptor.read(is, () -> packages);
 578                     }
 579 
 580                     ModuleHashes moduleHashes = computeHashes(md);
 581                     if (moduleHashes != null) {
 582                         extender.hashes(moduleHashes);
 583                     } else {
 584                         warning("warn.no.module.hashes", descriptor.name());
 585                     }
 586                 }
 587 
 588                 if (moduleResolution != null && moduleResolution.value() != 0) {
 589                     extender.moduleResolution(moduleResolution);
 590                 }
 591 
 592                 // write the (possibly extended or modified) module-info.class
 593                 out.writeEntry(extender.toByteArray(), Section.CLASSES, MODULE_INFO);
 594             }
 595         }
 596 
 597         private void validatePackages(ModuleDescriptor descriptor, Set<String> packages) {
 598             Set<String> nonExistPackages = new TreeSet<>();
 599             descriptor.exports().stream()
 600                 .map(Exports::source)
 601                 .filter(pn -> !packages.contains(pn))
 602                 .forEach(nonExistPackages::add);
 603 
 604             descriptor.opens().stream()
 605                 .map(Opens::source)
 606                 .filter(pn -> !packages.contains(pn))
 607                 .forEach(nonExistPackages::add);
 608 
 609             if (!nonExistPackages.isEmpty()) {
 610                 throw new CommandException("err.missing.export.or.open.packages",
 611                     descriptor.name(), nonExistPackages);
 612             }
 613         }
 614 
 615         /*
 616          * Hasher resolves a module graph using the --hash-modules PATTERN
 617          * as the roots.
 618          *
 619          * The jmod file is being created and does not exist in the
 620          * given modulepath.
 621          */
 622         private ModuleHashes computeHashes(ModuleDescriptor descriptor) {
 623             String mn = descriptor.name();
 624             URI uri = options.jmodFile.toUri();
 625             ModuleReference mref = new ModuleReference(descriptor, uri) {
 626                 @Override
 627                 public ModuleReader open() {
 628                     throw new UnsupportedOperationException("opening " + mn);
 629                 }
 630             };
 631 
 632             // compose a module finder with the module path and also
 633             // a module finder that can find the jmod file being created
 634             ModuleFinder finder = ModuleFinder.compose(options.moduleFinder,
 635                 new ModuleFinder() {
 636                     @Override
 637                     public Optional<ModuleReference> find(String name) {
 638                         if (descriptor.name().equals(name))
 639                             return Optional.of(mref);
 640                         else return Optional.empty();
 641                     }
 642 
 643                     @Override
 644                     public Set<ModuleReference> findAll() {
 645                         return Collections.singleton(mref);
 646                     }
 647                 });
 648 
 649             return new Hasher(mn, finder).computeHashes().get(mn);
 650         }
 651 
 652         /**
 653          * Returns the set of all packages on the given class path.
 654          */
 655         Set<String> findPackages(List<Path> classpath) {
 656             Set<String> packages = new HashSet<>();
 657             for (Path path : classpath) {
 658                 if (Files.isDirectory(path)) {
 659                     packages.addAll(findPackages(path));
 660                 } else if (Files.isRegularFile(path) && path.toString().endsWith(".jar")) {
 661                     try (JarFile jf = new JarFile(path.toString())) {
 662                         packages.addAll(findPackages(jf));
 663                     } catch (ZipException x) {
 664                         // Skip. Do nothing. No packages will be added.
 665                     } catch (IOException ioe) {
 666                         throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe);
 667                     }
 668                 }
 669             }
 670             return packages;
 671         }
 672 
 673         /**
 674          * Returns the set of packages in the given directory tree.
 675          */
 676         Set<String> findPackages(Path dir) {
 677             try {
 678                 return Files.find(dir, Integer.MAX_VALUE,
 679                                   ((path, attrs) -> attrs.isRegularFile()))
 680                         .map(dir::relativize)
 681                         .filter(path -> isResource(path.toString()))
 682                         .map(path -> toPackageName(path))
 683                         .filter(pkg -> pkg.length() > 0)
 684                         .distinct()
 685                         .collect(Collectors.toSet());
 686             } catch (IOException ioe) {
 687                 throw new UncheckedIOException(ioe);
 688             }
 689         }
 690 
 691         /**
 692          * Returns the set of packages in the given JAR file.
 693          */
 694         Set<String> findPackages(JarFile jf) {
 695             return jf.stream()
 696                      .filter(e -> !e.isDirectory() && isResource(e.getName()))
 697                      .map(e -> toPackageName(e))
 698                      .filter(pkg -> pkg.length() > 0)
 699                      .distinct()
 700                      .collect(Collectors.toSet());
 701         }
 702 
 703         /**
 704          * Returns true if it's a .class or a resource with an effective
 705          * package name.
 706          */
 707         boolean isResource(String name) {
 708             name = name.replace(File.separatorChar, '/');
 709             return name.endsWith(".class") || Resources.canEncapsulate(name);
 710         }
 711 
 712 
 713         String toPackageName(Path path) {
 714             String name = path.toString();
 715             int index = name.lastIndexOf(File.separatorChar);
 716             if (index != -1)
 717                 return name.substring(0, index).replace(File.separatorChar, '.');
 718 
 719             if (name.endsWith(".class") && !name.equals(MODULE_INFO)) {
 720                 IOException e = new IOException(name  + " in the unnamed package");
 721                 throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
 722             }
 723             return "";
 724         }
 725 
 726         String toPackageName(ZipEntry entry) {
 727             String name = entry.getName();
 728             int index = name.lastIndexOf("/");
 729             if (index != -1)
 730                 return name.substring(0, index).replace('/', '.');
 731 
 732             if (name.endsWith(".class") && !name.equals(MODULE_INFO)) {
 733                 IOException e = new IOException(name  + " in the unnamed package");
 734                 throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
 735             }
 736             return "";
 737         }
 738 
 739         void processClasses(JmodOutputStream out, List<Path> classpaths)
 740             throws IOException
 741         {
 742             if (classpaths == null)
 743                 return;
 744 
 745             for (Path p : classpaths) {
 746                 if (Files.isDirectory(p)) {
 747                     processSection(out, Section.CLASSES, p);
 748                 } else if (Files.isRegularFile(p) && p.toString().endsWith(".jar")) {
 749                     try (JarFile jf = new JarFile(p.toFile())) {
 750                         JarEntryConsumer jec = new JarEntryConsumer(out, jf);
 751                         jf.stream().filter(jec).forEach(jec);
 752                     }
 753                 }
 754             }
 755         }
 756 
 757         void processSection(JmodOutputStream out, Section section, List<Path> paths)
 758             throws IOException
 759         {
 760             if (paths == null)
 761                 return;
 762 
 763             for (Path p : paths) {
 764                 processSection(out, section, p);
 765             }
 766         }
 767 
 768         void processSection(JmodOutputStream out, Section section, Path path)
 769             throws IOException
 770         {
 771             Files.walkFileTree(path, Set.of(FileVisitOption.FOLLOW_LINKS),
 772                 Integer.MAX_VALUE, new SimpleFileVisitor<Path>() {
 773                     @Override
 774                     public FileVisitResult visitFile(Path file, BasicFileAttributes attrs)
 775                         throws IOException
 776                     {
 777                         Path relPath = path.relativize(file);
 778                         if (relPath.toString().equals(MODULE_INFO)
 779                                 && !Section.CLASSES.equals(section))
 780                             warning("warn.ignore.entry", MODULE_INFO, section);
 781 
 782                         if (!relPath.toString().equals(MODULE_INFO)
 783                                 && !matches(relPath, excludes)) {
 784                             try (InputStream in = Files.newInputStream(file)) {
 785                                 out.writeEntry(in, section, relPath.toString());
 786                             } catch (IOException x) {
 787                                 if (x.getMessage().contains("duplicate entry")) {
 788                                     warning("warn.ignore.duplicate.entry",
 789                                             relPath.toString(), section);
 790                                     return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
 791                                 }
 792                                 throw x;
 793                             }
 794                         }
 795                         return FileVisitResult.CONTINUE;
 796                     }
 797                 });
 798         }
 799 
 800         boolean matches(Path path, List<PathMatcher> matchers) {
 801             if (matchers != null) {
 802                 for (PathMatcher pm : matchers) {
 803                     if (pm.matches(path))
 804                         return true;
 805                 }
 806             }
 807             return false;
 808         }
 809 
 810         class JarEntryConsumer implements Consumer<JarEntry>, Predicate<JarEntry> {
 811             final JmodOutputStream out;
 812             final JarFile jarfile;
 813             JarEntryConsumer(JmodOutputStream out, JarFile jarfile) {
 814                 this.out = out;
 815                 this.jarfile = jarfile;
 816             }
 817             @Override
 818             public void accept(JarEntry je) {
 819                 try (InputStream in = jarfile.getInputStream(je)) {
 820                     out.writeEntry(in, Section.CLASSES, je.getName());
 821                 } catch (IOException e) {
 822                     throw new UncheckedIOException(e);
 823                 }
 824             }
 825             @Override
 826             public boolean test(JarEntry je) {
 827                 String name = je.getName();
 828                 // ## no support for excludes. Is it really needed?
 829                 return !name.endsWith(MODULE_INFO) && !je.isDirectory();
 830             }
 831         }
 832     }
 833 
 834     /**
 835      * Compute and record hashes
 836      */
 837     private class Hasher {
 838         final Configuration configuration;
 839         final ModuleHashesBuilder hashesBuilder;
 840         final Set<String> modules;
 841         final String moduleName;  // a specific module to record hashes, if set
 842 
 843         /**
 844          * This constructor is for jmod hash command.
 845          *
 846          * This Hasher will determine which modules to record hashes, i.e.
 847          * the module in a subgraph of modules to be hashed and that
 848          * has no outgoing edges.  It will record in each of these modules,
 849          * say `M`, with the the hashes of modules that depend upon M
 850          * directly or indirectly matching the specified --hash-modules pattern.
 851          */
 852         Hasher(ModuleFinder finder) {
 853             this(null, finder);
 854         }
 855 
 856         /**
 857          * Constructs a Hasher to compute hashes.
 858          *
 859          * If a module name `M` is specified, it will compute the hashes of
 860          * modules that depend upon M directly or indirectly matching the
 861          * specified --hash-modules pattern and record in the ModuleHashes
 862          * attribute in M's module-info.class.
 863          *
 864          * @param name    name of the module to record hashes
 865          * @param finder  module finder for the specified --module-path
 866          */
 867         Hasher(String name, ModuleFinder finder) {
 868             // Determine the modules that matches the pattern {@code modulesToHash}
 869             Set<String> roots = finder.findAll().stream()
 870                 .map(mref -> mref.descriptor().name())
 871                 .filter(mn -> options.modulesToHash.matcher(mn).find())
 872                 .collect(Collectors.toSet());
 873 
 874             // use system module path unless it creates a JMOD file for
 875             // a module that is present in the system image e.g. upgradeable
 876             // module
 877             ModuleFinder system;
 878             if (name != null && ModuleFinder.ofSystem().find(name).isPresent()) {
 879                 system = ModuleFinder.of();
 880             } else {
 881                 system = ModuleFinder.ofSystem();
 882             }
 883             // get a resolved module graph
 884             Configuration config = null;
 885             try {
 886                 config = Configuration.empty().resolve(system, finder, roots);
 887             } catch (FindException | ResolutionException e) {
 888                 throw new CommandException("err.module.resolution.fail", e.getMessage());
 889             }
 890 
 891             this.moduleName = name;
 892             this.configuration = config;
 893 
 894             // filter modules resolved from the system module finder
 895             this.modules = config.modules().stream()
 896                 .map(ResolvedModule::name)
 897                 .filter(mn -> roots.contains(mn) && !system.find(mn).isPresent())
 898                 .collect(Collectors.toSet());
 899 
 900             this.hashesBuilder = new ModuleHashesBuilder(config, modules);
 901         }
 902 
 903         /**
 904          * Returns a map of a module M to record hashes of the modules
 905          * that depend upon M directly or indirectly.
 906          *
 907          * For jmod hash command, the returned map contains one entry
 908          * for each module M that has no outgoing edges to any of the
 909          * modules matching the specified --hash-modules pattern.
 910          *
 911          * Each entry represents a leaf node in a connected subgraph containing
 912          * M and other candidate modules from the module graph where M's outgoing
 913          * edges to any module other than the ones matching the specified
 914          * --hash-modules pattern are excluded.
 915          */
 916         Map<String, ModuleHashes> computeHashes() {
 917             if (hashesBuilder == null)
 918                 return null;
 919 
 920             if (moduleName != null) {
 921                 return hashesBuilder.computeHashes(Set.of(moduleName));
 922             } else {
 923                 return hashesBuilder.computeHashes(modules);
 924             }
 925         }
 926 
 927         /**
 928          * Reads the given input stream of module-info.class and write
 929          * the extended module-info.class with the given ModuleHashes
 930          *
 931          * @param in       InputStream of module-info.class
 932          * @param out      OutputStream to write the extended module-info.class
 933          * @param hashes   ModuleHashes
 934          */
 935         private void recordHashes(InputStream in, OutputStream out, ModuleHashes hashes)
 936             throws IOException
 937         {
 938             ModuleInfoExtender extender = ModuleInfoExtender.newExtender(in);
 939             extender.hashes(hashes);
 940             extender.write(out);
 941         }
 942 
 943         void updateModuleInfo(String name, ModuleHashes moduleHashes)
 944             throws IOException
 945         {
 946             Path target = moduleToPath(name);
 947             Path tempTarget = jmodTempFilePath(target);
 948             try {
 949                 if (target.getFileName().toString().endsWith(".jmod")) {
 950                     updateJmodFile(target, tempTarget, moduleHashes);
 951                 } else {
 952                     updateModularJar(target, tempTarget, moduleHashes);
 953                 }
 954             } catch (IOException|RuntimeException e) {
 955                 try {
 956                     Files.deleteIfExists(tempTarget);
 957                 } catch (IOException ioe) {
 958                     e.addSuppressed(ioe);
 959                 }
 960                 throw e;
 961             }
 962 
 963             out.println(getMessage("module.hashes.recorded", name));
 964             Files.move(tempTarget, target, StandardCopyOption.REPLACE_EXISTING);
 965         }
 966 
 967         private void updateModularJar(Path target, Path tempTarget,
 968                                       ModuleHashes moduleHashes)
 969             throws IOException
 970         {
 971             try (JarFile jf = new JarFile(target.toFile());
 972                  OutputStream out = Files.newOutputStream(tempTarget);
 973                  JarOutputStream jos = new JarOutputStream(out))
 974             {
 975                 jf.stream().forEach(e -> {
 976                     try (InputStream in = jf.getInputStream(e)) {
 977                         if (e.getName().equals(MODULE_INFO)) {
 978                             // what about module-info.class in versioned entries?
 979                             ZipEntry ze = new ZipEntry(e.getName());
 980                             ze.setTime(System.currentTimeMillis());
 981                             jos.putNextEntry(ze);
 982                             recordHashes(in, jos, moduleHashes);
 983                             jos.closeEntry();
 984                         } else {
 985                             jos.putNextEntry(e);
 986                             jos.write(in.readAllBytes());
 987                             jos.closeEntry();
 988                         }
 989                     } catch (IOException x) {
 990                         throw new UncheckedIOException(x);
 991                     }
 992                 });
 993             }
 994         }
 995 
 996         private void updateJmodFile(Path target, Path tempTarget,
 997                                     ModuleHashes moduleHashes)
 998             throws IOException
 999         {
1000 
1001             try (JmodFile jf = new JmodFile(target);
1002                  JmodOutputStream jos = JmodOutputStream.newOutputStream(tempTarget))
1003             {
1004                 jf.stream().forEach(e -> {
1005                     try (InputStream in = jf.getInputStream(e.section(), e.name())) {
1006                         if (e.name().equals(MODULE_INFO)) {
1007                             // replace module-info.class
1008                             ModuleInfoExtender extender =
1009                                 ModuleInfoExtender.newExtender(in);
1010                             extender.hashes(moduleHashes);
1011                             jos.writeEntry(extender.toByteArray(), e.section(), e.name());
1012                         } else {
1013                             jos.writeEntry(in, e);
1014                         }
1015                     } catch (IOException x) {
1016                         throw new UncheckedIOException(x);
1017                     }
1018                 });
1019             }
1020         }
1021 
1022         private Path moduleToPath(String name) {
1023             ResolvedModule rm = configuration.findModule(name).orElseThrow(
1024                 () -> new InternalError("Selected module " + name + " not on module path"));
1025 
1026             URI uri = rm.reference().location().get();
1027             Path path = Paths.get(uri);
1028             String fn = path.getFileName().toString();
1029             if (!fn.endsWith(".jar") && !fn.endsWith(".jmod")) {
1030                 throw new InternalError(path + " is not a modular JAR or jmod file");
1031             }
1032             return path;
1033         }
1034     }
1035 
1036     /**
1037      * An abstract converter that given a string representing a list of paths,
1038      * separated by the File.pathSeparator, returns a List of java.nio.Path's.
1039      * Specific subclasses should do whatever validation is required on the
1040      * individual path elements, if any.
1041      */
1042     static abstract class AbstractPathConverter implements ValueConverter<List<Path>> {
1043         @Override
1044         public List<Path> convert(String value) {
1045             List<Path> paths = new ArrayList<>();
1046             String[] pathElements = value.split(File.pathSeparator);
1047             for (String pathElement : pathElements) {
1048                 paths.add(toPath(pathElement));
1049             }
1050             return paths;
1051         }
1052 
1053         @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
1054         @Override
1055         public Class<List<Path>> valueType() {
1056             return (Class<List<Path>>)(Object)List.class;
1057         }
1058 
1059         @Override public String valuePattern() { return "path"; }
1060 
1061         abstract Path toPath(String path);
1062     }
1063 
1064     static class ClassPathConverter extends AbstractPathConverter {
1065         static final ValueConverter<List<Path>> INSTANCE = new ClassPathConverter();
1066 
1067         @Override
1068         public Path toPath(String value) {
1069             try {
1070                 Path path = CWD.resolve(value);
1071                 if (Files.notExists(path))
1072                     throw new CommandException("err.path.not.found", path);
1073                 if (!(Files.isDirectory(path) ||
1074                         (Files.isRegularFile(path) && path.toString().endsWith(".jar"))))
1075                     throw new CommandException("err.invalid.class.path.entry", path);
1076                 return path;
1077             } catch (InvalidPathException x) {
1078                 throw new CommandException("err.path.not.valid", value);
1079             }
1080         }
1081     }
1082 
1083     static class DirPathConverter extends AbstractPathConverter {
1084         static final ValueConverter<List<Path>> INSTANCE = new DirPathConverter();
1085 
1086         @Override
1087         public Path toPath(String value) {
1088             try {
1089                 Path path = CWD.resolve(value);
1090                 if (Files.notExists(path))
1091                     throw new CommandException("err.path.not.found", path);
1092                 if (!Files.isDirectory(path))
1093                     throw new CommandException("err.path.not.a.dir", path);
1094                 return path;
1095             } catch (InvalidPathException x) {
1096                 throw new CommandException("err.path.not.valid", value);
1097             }
1098         }
1099     }
1100 
1101     static class ExtractDirPathConverter implements ValueConverter<Path> {
1102 
1103         @Override
1104         public Path convert(String value) {
1105             try {
1106                 Path path = CWD.resolve(value);
1107                 if (Files.exists(path)) {
1108                     if (!Files.isDirectory(path))
1109                         throw new CommandException("err.cannot.create.dir", path);
1110                 }
1111                 return path;
1112             } catch (InvalidPathException x) {
1113                 throw new CommandException("err.path.not.valid", value);
1114             }
1115         }
1116 
1117         @Override  public Class<Path> valueType() { return Path.class; }
1118 
1119         @Override  public String valuePattern() { return "path"; }
1120     }
1121 
1122     static class ModuleVersionConverter implements ValueConverter<Version> {
1123         @Override
1124         public Version convert(String value) {
1125             try {
1126                 return Version.parse(value);
1127             } catch (IllegalArgumentException x) {
1128                 throw new CommandException("err.invalid.version", x.getMessage());
1129             }
1130         }
1131 
1132         @Override public Class<Version> valueType() { return Version.class; }
1133 
1134         @Override public String valuePattern() { return "module-version"; }
1135     }
1136 
1137     static class WarnIfResolvedReasonConverter
1138         implements ValueConverter<ModuleResolution>
1139     {
1140         @Override
1141         public ModuleResolution convert(String value) {
1142             if (value.equals("deprecated"))
1143                 return ModuleResolution.empty().withDeprecated();
1144             else if (value.equals("deprecated-for-removal"))
1145                 return ModuleResolution.empty().withDeprecatedForRemoval();
1146             else if (value.equals("incubating"))
1147                 return ModuleResolution.empty().withIncubating();
1148             else
1149                 throw new CommandException("err.bad.WarnIfResolvedReason", value);
1150         }
1151 
1152         @Override public Class<ModuleResolution> valueType() {
1153             return ModuleResolution.class;
1154         }
1155 
1156         @Override public String valuePattern() { return "reason"; }
1157     }
1158 
1159     static class PatternConverter implements ValueConverter<Pattern> {
1160         @Override
1161         public Pattern convert(String value) {
1162             try {
1163                 if (value.startsWith("regex:")) {
1164                     value = value.substring("regex:".length()).trim();
1165                 }
1166 
1167                 return Pattern.compile(value);
1168             } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
1169                 throw new CommandException("err.bad.pattern", value);
1170             }
1171         }
1172 
1173         @Override public Class<Pattern> valueType() { return Pattern.class; }
1174 
1175         @Override public String valuePattern() { return "regex-pattern"; }
1176     }
1177 
1178     static class PathMatcherConverter implements ValueConverter<PathMatcher> {
1179         @Override
1180         public PathMatcher convert(String pattern) {
1181             try {
1182                 return Utils.getPathMatcher(FileSystems.getDefault(), pattern);
1183             } catch (PatternSyntaxException e) {
1184                 throw new CommandException("err.bad.pattern", pattern);
1185             }
1186         }
1187 
1188         @Override public Class<PathMatcher> valueType() { return PathMatcher.class; }
1189 
1190         @Override public String valuePattern() { return "pattern-list"; }
1191     }
1192 
1193     /* Support for @<file> in jmod help */
1194     private static final String CMD_FILENAME = "@<filename>";
1195 
1196     /**
1197      * This formatter is adding the @filename option and does the required
1198      * formatting.
1199      */
1200     private static final class JmodHelpFormatter extends BuiltinHelpFormatter {
1201 
1202         private final Options opts;
1203 
1204         private JmodHelpFormatter(Options opts) {
1205             super(80, 2);
1206             this.opts = opts;
1207         }
1208 
1209         @Override
1210         public String format(Map<String, ? extends OptionDescriptor> options) {
1211             Map<String, OptionDescriptor> all = new LinkedHashMap<>();
1212             all.putAll(options);
1213 
1214             // extra options
1215             if (!opts.helpExtra) {
1216                 all.remove("do-not-resolve-by-default");
1217                 all.remove("warn-if-resolved");
1218             }
1219 
1220             all.put(CMD_FILENAME, new OptionDescriptor() {
1221                 @Override
1222                 public Collection<String> options() {
1223                     List<String> ret = new ArrayList<>();
1224                     ret.add(CMD_FILENAME);
1225                     return ret;
1226                 }
1227                 @Override
1228                 public String description() { return getMessage("main.opt.cmdfile"); }
1229                 @Override
1230                 public List<?> defaultValues() { return Collections.emptyList(); }
1231                 @Override
1232                 public boolean isRequired() { return false; }
1233                 @Override
1234                 public boolean acceptsArguments() { return false; }
1235                 @Override
1236                 public boolean requiresArgument() { return false; }
1237                 @Override
1238                 public String argumentDescription() { return null; }
1239                 @Override
1240                 public String argumentTypeIndicator() { return null; }
1241                 @Override
1242                 public boolean representsNonOptions() { return false; }
1243             });
1244             String content = super.format(all);
1245             StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
1246 
1247             builder.append(getMessage("main.opt.mode")).append("\n  ");
1248             builder.append(getMessage("main.opt.mode.create")).append("\n  ");
1249             builder.append(getMessage("main.opt.mode.extract")).append("\n  ");
1250             builder.append(getMessage("main.opt.mode.list")).append("\n  ");
1251             builder.append(getMessage("main.opt.mode.describe")).append("\n  ");
1252             builder.append(getMessage("main.opt.mode.hash")).append("\n\n");
1253 
1254             String cmdfile = null;
1255             String[] lines = content.split("\n");
1256             for (String line : lines) {
1257                 if (line.startsWith("--@")) {
1258                     cmdfile = line.replace("--" + CMD_FILENAME, CMD_FILENAME + "  ");
1259                 } else if (line.startsWith("Option") || line.startsWith("------")) {
1260                     builder.append(" ").append(line).append("\n");
1261                 } else if (!line.matches("Non-option arguments")){
1262                     builder.append("  ").append(line).append("\n");
1263                 }
1264             }
1265             if (cmdfile != null) {
1266                 builder.append("  ").append(cmdfile).append("\n");
1267             }
1268             return builder.toString();
1269         }
1270     }
1271 
1272     private final OptionParser parser = new OptionParser("hp");
1273 
1274     private void handleOptions(String[] args) {
1275         options = new Options();
1276         parser.formatHelpWith(new JmodHelpFormatter(options));
1277 
1278         OptionSpec<List<Path>> classPath
1279                 = parser.accepts("class-path", getMessage("main.opt.class-path"))
1280                         .withRequiredArg()
1281                         .withValuesConvertedBy(ClassPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1282 
1283         OptionSpec<List<Path>> cmds
1284                 = parser.accepts("cmds", getMessage("main.opt.cmds"))
1285                         .withRequiredArg()
1286                         .withValuesConvertedBy(DirPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1287 
1288         OptionSpec<List<Path>> config
1289                 = parser.accepts("config", getMessage("main.opt.config"))
1290                         .withRequiredArg()
1291                         .withValuesConvertedBy(DirPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1292 
1293         OptionSpec<Path> dir
1294                 = parser.accepts("dir", getMessage("main.opt.extractDir"))
1295                         .withRequiredArg()
1296                         .withValuesConvertedBy(new ExtractDirPathConverter());
1297 
1298         OptionSpec<Void> dryrun
1299                 = parser.accepts("dry-run", getMessage("main.opt.dry-run"));
1300 
1301         OptionSpec<PathMatcher> excludes
1302                 = parser.accepts("exclude", getMessage("main.opt.exclude"))
1303                         .withRequiredArg()
1304                         .withValuesConvertedBy(new PathMatcherConverter());
1305 
1306         OptionSpec<Pattern> hashModules
1307                 = parser.accepts("hash-modules", getMessage("main.opt.hash-modules"))
1308                         .withRequiredArg()
1309                         .withValuesConvertedBy(new PatternConverter());
1310 
1311         OptionSpec<Void> help
1312                 = parser.acceptsAll(Set.of("h", "help", "?"), getMessage("main.opt.help"))
1313                         .forHelp();
1314 
1315         OptionSpec<Void> helpExtra
1316                 = parser.accepts("help-extra", getMessage("main.opt.help-extra"));
1317 
1318         OptionSpec<List<Path>> headerFiles
1319                 = parser.accepts("header-files", getMessage("main.opt.header-files"))
1320                         .withRequiredArg()
1321                         .withValuesConvertedBy(DirPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1322 
1323         OptionSpec<List<Path>> libs
1324                 = parser.accepts("libs", getMessage("main.opt.libs"))
1325                         .withRequiredArg()
1326                         .withValuesConvertedBy(DirPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1327 
1328         OptionSpec<List<Path>> legalNotices
1329                 = parser.accepts("legal-notices", getMessage("main.opt.legal-notices"))
1330                         .withRequiredArg()
1331                         .withValuesConvertedBy(DirPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1332 
1333 
1334         OptionSpec<String> mainClass
1335                 = parser.accepts("main-class", getMessage("main.opt.main-class"))
1336                         .withRequiredArg()
1337                         .describedAs(getMessage("main.opt.main-class.arg"));
1338 
1339         OptionSpec<List<Path>> manPages
1340                 = parser.accepts("man-pages", getMessage("main.opt.man-pages"))
1341                         .withRequiredArg()
1342                         .withValuesConvertedBy(DirPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1343 
1344         OptionSpec<List<Path>> modulePath
1345                 = parser.acceptsAll(Set.of("p", "module-path"),
1346                                     getMessage("main.opt.module-path"))
1347                         .withRequiredArg()
1348                         .withValuesConvertedBy(DirPathConverter.INSTANCE);
1349 
1350         OptionSpec<Version> moduleVersion
1351                 = parser.accepts("module-version", getMessage("main.opt.module-version"))
1352                         .withRequiredArg()
1353                         .withValuesConvertedBy(new ModuleVersionConverter());
1354 
1355         OptionSpec<String> targetPlatform
1356                 = parser.accepts("target-platform", getMessage("main.opt.target-platform"))
1357                         .withRequiredArg()
1358                         .describedAs(getMessage("main.opt.target-platform.arg"));
1359 
1360         OptionSpec<Void> doNotResolveByDefault
1361                 = parser.accepts("do-not-resolve-by-default",
1362                                  getMessage("main.opt.do-not-resolve-by-default"));
1363 
1364         OptionSpec<ModuleResolution> warnIfResolved
1365                 = parser.accepts("warn-if-resolved", getMessage("main.opt.warn-if-resolved"))
1366                         .withRequiredArg()
1367                         .withValuesConvertedBy(new WarnIfResolvedReasonConverter());
1368 
1369         OptionSpec<Void> version
1370                 = parser.accepts("version", getMessage("main.opt.version"));
1371 
1372         NonOptionArgumentSpec<String> nonOptions
1373                 = parser.nonOptions();
1374 
1375         try {
1376             OptionSet opts = parser.parse(args);
1377 
1378             if (opts.has(help) || opts.has(helpExtra) || opts.has(version)) {
1379                 options.help = opts.has(help);
1380                 options.helpExtra = opts.has(helpExtra);
1381                 options.version = opts.has(version);
1382                 return;  // informational message will be shown
1383             }
1384 
1385             List<String> words = opts.valuesOf(nonOptions);
1386             if (words.isEmpty())
1387                 throw new CommandException("err.missing.mode").showUsage(true);
1388             String verb = words.get(0);
1389             try {
1390                 options.mode = Enum.valueOf(Mode.class, verb.toUpperCase());
1391             } catch (IllegalArgumentException e) {
1392                 throw new CommandException("err.invalid.mode", verb).showUsage(true);
1393             }
1394 
1395             if (opts.has(classPath))
1396                 options.classpath = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(classPath));
1397             if (opts.has(cmds))
1398                 options.cmds = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(cmds));
1399             if (opts.has(config))
1400                 options.configs = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(config));
1401             if (opts.has(dir))
1402                 options.extractDir = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(dir));
1403             if (opts.has(dryrun))
1404                 options.dryrun = true;
1405             if (opts.has(excludes))
1406                 options.excludes = opts.valuesOf(excludes);  // excludes is repeatable
1407             if (opts.has(libs))
1408                 options.libs = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(libs));
1409             if (opts.has(headerFiles))
1410                 options.headerFiles = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(headerFiles));
1411             if (opts.has(manPages))
1412                 options.manPages = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(manPages));
1413             if (opts.has(legalNotices))
1414                 options.legalNotices = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(legalNotices));
1415             if (opts.has(modulePath)) {
1416                 Path[] dirs = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(modulePath)).toArray(new Path[0]);
1417                 options.moduleFinder = ModulePath.of(Runtime.version(), true, dirs);
1418             }
1419             if (opts.has(moduleVersion))
1420                 options.moduleVersion = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(moduleVersion));
1421             if (opts.has(mainClass))
1422                 options.mainClass = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(mainClass));
1423             if (opts.has(targetPlatform))
1424                 options.targetPlatform = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(targetPlatform));
1425             if (opts.has(warnIfResolved))
1426                 options.moduleResolution = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(warnIfResolved));
1427             if (opts.has(doNotResolveByDefault)) {
1428                 if (options.moduleResolution == null)
1429                     options.moduleResolution = ModuleResolution.empty();
1430                 options.moduleResolution = options.moduleResolution.withDoNotResolveByDefault();
1431             }
1432             if (opts.has(hashModules)) {
1433                 options.modulesToHash = getLastElement(opts.valuesOf(hashModules));
1434                 // if storing hashes then the module path is required
1435                 if (options.moduleFinder == null)
1436                     throw new CommandException("err.modulepath.must.be.specified")
1437                             .showUsage(true);
1438             }
1439 
1440             if (options.mode.equals(Mode.HASH)) {
1441                 if (options.moduleFinder == null || options.modulesToHash == null)
1442                     throw new CommandException("err.modulepath.must.be.specified")
1443                             .showUsage(true);
1444             } else {
1445                 if (words.size() <= 1)
1446                     throw new CommandException("err.jmod.must.be.specified").showUsage(true);
1447                 Path path = Paths.get(words.get(1));
1448 
1449                 if (options.mode.equals(Mode.CREATE) && Files.exists(path))
1450                     throw new CommandException("err.file.already.exists", path);
1451                 else if ((options.mode.equals(Mode.LIST) ||
1452                             options.mode.equals(Mode.DESCRIBE) ||
1453                             options.mode.equals((Mode.EXTRACT)))
1454                          && Files.notExists(path))
1455                     throw new CommandException("err.jmod.not.found", path);
1456 
1457                 if (options.dryrun) {
1458                     throw new CommandException("err.invalid.dryrun.option");
1459                 }
1460                 options.jmodFile = path;
1461 
1462                 if (words.size() > 2)
1463                     throw new CommandException("err.unknown.option",
1464                             words.subList(2, words.size())).showUsage(true);
1465             }
1466 
1467             if (options.mode.equals(Mode.CREATE) && options.classpath == null)
1468                 throw new CommandException("err.classpath.must.be.specified").showUsage(true);
1469             if (options.mainClass != null && !isValidJavaIdentifier(options.mainClass))
1470                 throw new CommandException("err.invalid.main-class", options.mainClass);
1471             if (options.mode.equals(Mode.EXTRACT) && options.extractDir != null) {
1472                 try {
1473                     Files.createDirectories(options.extractDir);
1474                 } catch (IOException ioe) {
1475                     throw new CommandException("err.cannot.create.dir", options.extractDir);
1476                 }
1477             }
1478         } catch (OptionException e) {
1479              throw new CommandException(e.getMessage());
1480         }
1481     }
1482 
1483     /**
1484      * Returns true if, and only if, the given main class is a legal.
1485      */
1486     static boolean isValidJavaIdentifier(String mainClass) {
1487         if (mainClass.length() == 0)
1488             return false;
1489 
1490         if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierStart(mainClass.charAt(0)))
1491             return false;
1492 
1493         int n = mainClass.length();
1494         for (int i=1; i < n; i++) {
1495             char c = mainClass.charAt(i);
1496             if (!Character.isJavaIdentifierPart(c) && c != '.')
1497                 return false;
1498         }
1499         if (mainClass.charAt(n-1) == '.')
1500             return false;
1501 
1502         return true;
1503     }
1504 
1505     static <E> E getLastElement(List<E> list) {
1506         if (list.size() == 0)
1507             throw new InternalError("Unexpected 0 list size");
1508         return list.get(list.size() - 1);
1509     }
1510 
1511     private void reportError(String message) {
1512         out.println(getMessage("error.prefix") + " " + message);
1513     }
1514 
1515     private void warning(String key, Object... args) {
1516         out.println(getMessage("warn.prefix") + " " + getMessage(key, args));
1517     }
1518 
1519     private void showUsageSummary() {
1520         out.println(getMessage("main.usage.summary", PROGNAME));
1521     }
1522 
1523     private void showHelp() {
1524         out.println(getMessage("main.usage", PROGNAME));
1525         try {
1526             parser.printHelpOn(out);
1527         } catch (IOException x) {
1528             throw new AssertionError(x);
1529         }
1530     }
1531 
1532     private void showVersion() {
1533         out.println(version());
1534     }
1535 
1536     private String version() {
1537         return System.getProperty("java.version");
1538     }
1539 
1540     private static String getMessage(String key, Object... args) {
1541         try {
1542             return MessageFormat.format(ResourceBundleHelper.bundle.getString(key), args);
1543         } catch (MissingResourceException e) {
1544             throw new InternalError("Missing message: " + key);
1545         }
1546     }
1547 
1548     private static class ResourceBundleHelper {
1549         static final ResourceBundle bundle;
1550 
1551         static {
1552             Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
1553             try {
1554                 bundle = ResourceBundle.getBundle("jdk.tools.jmod.resources.jmod", locale);
1555             } catch (MissingResourceException e) {
1556                 throw new InternalError("Cannot find jmod resource bundle for locale " + locale);
1557             }
1558         }
1559     }
1560 }