An {@code HttpRequest} instance is built through an {@code HttpRequest} * {@linkplain HttpRequest.Builder builder}. An {@code HttpRequest} builder * is obtained from one of the {@link HttpRequest#newBuilder(URI) newBuilder} * methods. A request's {@link URI}, headers, and body can be set. Request * bodies are provided through a {@link BodyPublisher BodyPublisher} supplied * to one of the {@link Builder#POST(BodyPublisher) POST}, * {@link Builder#PUT(BodyPublisher) PUT} or * {@link Builder#method(String,BodyPublisher) method} methods. * Once all required parameters have been set in the builder, {@link * Builder#build() build} will return the {@code HttpRequest}. Builders can be * copied and modified many times in order to build multiple related requests * that differ in some parameters. * *
The following is an example of a GET request that prints the response * body as a String: * *
{@code HttpClient client = HttpClient.newHttpClient();
* HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
* .uri(URI.create("http://foo.com/"))
* .build();
* client.sendAsync(request, BodyHandlers.ofString())
* .thenApply(HttpResponse::body)
* .thenAccept(System.out::println)
* .join(); }
*
* The class {@link BodyPublishers BodyPublishers} provides implementations * of many common publishers. Alternatively, a custom {@code BodyPublisher} * implementation can be used. * * @since 11 */ public abstract class HttpRequest { /** * Creates an HttpRequest. */ protected HttpRequest() {} /** * A builder of {@linkplain HttpRequest HTTP requests}. * *
Instances of {@code HttpRequest.Builder} are created by calling {@link * HttpRequest#newBuilder(URI)} or {@link HttpRequest#newBuilder()}. * *
Each of the setter methods modifies the state of the builder * and returns the same instance. The methods are not synchronized and * should not be called from multiple threads without external * synchronization. The {@link #build() build} method returns a new * {@code HttpRequest} each time it is invoked. Once built an {@code * HttpRequest} is immutable, and can be sent multiple times. * *
Note, that not all request headers may be set by user code. Some are * restricted for security reasons and others such as the headers relating * to authentication, redirection and cookie management may be managed by * specific APIs rather than through directly user set headers. * * @since 11 */ public interface Builder { /** * Sets this {@code HttpRequest}'s request {@code URI}. * * @param uri the request URI * @return this builder * @throws IllegalArgumentException if the {@code URI} scheme is not * supported */ public Builder uri(URI uri); /** * Requests the server to acknowledge the request before sending the * body. This is disabled by default. If enabled, the server is * requested to send an error response or a {@code 100 Continue} * response before the client sends the request body. This means the * request publisher for the request will not be invoked until this * interim response is received. * * @param enable {@code true} if Expect continue to be sent * @return this builder */ public Builder expectContinue(boolean enable); /** * Sets the preferred {@link HttpClient.Version} for this request. * *
The corresponding {@link HttpResponse} should be checked for the
* version that was actually used. If the version is not set in a
* request, then the version requested will be that of the sending
* {@link HttpClient}.
*
* @param version the HTTP protocol version requested
* @return this builder
*/
public Builder version(HttpClient.Version version);
/**
* Adds the given name value pair to the set of headers for this request.
* The given value is added to the list of values for that name.
*
* @implNote An implementation may choose to restrict some header names
* or values, as the HTTP Client may determine their value itself.
* For example, "Content-Length", which will be determined by
* the request Publisher. In such a case, an implementation of
* {@code HttpRequest.Builder} may choose to throw an
* {@code IllegalArgumentException} if such a header is passed
* to the builder.
*
* @param name the header name
* @param value the header value
* @return this builder
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the header name or value is not
* valid, see
* RFC 7230 section-3.2, or the header name or value is restricted
* by the implementation.
*/
public Builder header(String name, String value);
/**
* Adds the given name value pairs to the set of headers for this
* request. The supplied {@code String} instances must alternate as
* header names and header values.
* To add several values to the same name then the same name must
* be supplied with each new value.
*
* @param headers the list of name value pairs
* @return this builder
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if there are an odd number of
* parameters, or if a header name or value is not valid, see
*
* RFC 7230 section-3.2, or a header name or value is
* {@linkplain #header(String, String) restricted} by the
* implementation.
*/
public Builder headers(String... headers);
/**
* Sets a timeout for this request. If the response is not received
* within the specified timeout then an {@link HttpTimeoutException} is
* thrown from {@link HttpClient#send(java.net.http.HttpRequest,
* java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandler) HttpClient::send} or
* {@link HttpClient#sendAsync(java.net.http.HttpRequest,
* java.net.http.HttpResponse.BodyHandler) HttpClient::sendAsync}
* completes exceptionally with an {@code HttpTimeoutException}. The effect
* of not setting a timeout is the same as setting an infinite Duration, ie.
* block forever.
*
* @param duration the timeout duration
* @return this builder
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the duration is non-positive
*/
public abstract Builder timeout(Duration duration);
/**
* Sets the given name value pair to the set of headers for this
* request. This overwrites any previously set values for name.
*
* @param name the header name
* @param value the header value
* @return this builder
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the header name or value is not valid,
* see
* RFC 7230 section-3.2, or the header name or value is
* {@linkplain #header(String, String) restricted} by the
* implementation.
*/
public Builder setHeader(String name, String value);
/**
* Sets the request method of this builder to GET.
* This is the default.
*
* @return this builder
*/
public Builder GET();
/**
* Sets the request method of this builder to POST and sets its
* request body publisher to the given value.
*
* @param bodyPublisher the body publisher
*
* @return this builder
*/
public Builder POST(BodyPublisher bodyPublisher);
/**
* Sets the request method of this builder to PUT and sets its
* request body publisher to the given value.
*
* @param bodyPublisher the body publisher
*
* @return this builder
*/
public Builder PUT(BodyPublisher bodyPublisher);
/**
* Sets the request method of this builder to DELETE.
*
* @return this builder
*/
public Builder DELETE();
/**
* Sets the request method and request body of this builder to the
* given values.
*
* @apiNote The {@link BodyPublishers#noBody() noBody} request
* body publisher can be used where no request body is required or
* appropriate. Whether a method is restricted, or not, is
* implementation specific. For example, some implementations may choose
* to restrict the {@code CONNECT} method.
*
* @param method the method to use
* @param bodyPublisher the body publisher
* @return this builder
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the method name is not
* valid, see
* RFC 7230 section-3.1.1, or the method is restricted by the
* implementation.
*/
public Builder method(String method, BodyPublisher bodyPublisher);
/**
* Builds and returns an {@link HttpRequest}.
*
* @return a new {@code HttpRequest}
* @throws IllegalStateException if a URI has not been set
*/
public HttpRequest build();
/**
* Returns an exact duplicate copy of this {@code Builder} based on
* current state. The new builder can then be modified independently of
* this builder.
*
* @return an exact copy of this builder
*/
public Builder copy();
}
/**
* Creates an {@code HttpRequest} builder with the given URI.
*
* @param uri the request URI
* @return a new request builder
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the URI scheme is not supported.
*/
public static HttpRequest.Builder newBuilder(URI uri) {
return new HttpRequestBuilderImpl(uri);
}
/**
* Creates an {@code HttpRequest} builder.
*
* @return a new request builder
*/
public static HttpRequest.Builder newBuilder() {
return new HttpRequestBuilderImpl();
}
/**
* Returns an {@code Optional} containing the {@link BodyPublisher} set on
* this request. If no {@code BodyPublisher} was set in the requests's
* builder, then the {@code Optional} is empty.
*
* @return an {@code Optional} containing this request's {@code BodyPublisher}
*/
public abstract Optional If the given object is not an {@code HttpRequest} then this
* method returns {@code false}. Two HTTP requests are equal if their URI,
* method, and headers fields are all equal.
*
* This method satisfies the general contract of the {@link
* Object#equals(Object) Object.equals} method.
*
* @param obj the object to which this object is to be compared
* @return {@code true} if, and only if, the given object is an {@code
* HttpRequest} that is equal to this HTTP request
*/
@Override
public final boolean equals(Object obj) {
if (! (obj instanceof HttpRequest))
return false;
HttpRequest that = (HttpRequest)obj;
if (!that.method().equals(this.method()))
return false;
if (!that.uri().equals(this.uri()))
return false;
if (!that.headers().equals(this.headers()))
return false;
return true;
}
/**
* Computes a hash code for this HTTP request instance.
*
* The hash code is based upon the HTTP request's URI, method, and
* header components, and satisfies the general contract of the
* {@link Object#hashCode Object.hashCode} method.
*
* @return the hash-code value for this HTTP request
*/
public final int hashCode() {
return method().hashCode()
+ uri().hashCode()
+ headers().hashCode();
}
/**
* A {@code BodyPublisher} converts high-level Java objects into a flow of
* byte buffers suitable for sending as a request body. The class
* {@link BodyPublishers BodyPublishers} provides implementations of many
* common publishers.
*
* The {@code BodyPublisher} interface extends {@link Flow.Publisher
* Flow.Publisher<ByteBuffer>}, which means that a {@code BodyPublisher}
* acts as a publisher of {@linkplain ByteBuffer byte buffers}.
*
* When sending a request that contains a body, the HTTP Client
* subscribes to the request's {@code BodyPublisher} in order to receive the
* flow of outgoing request body data. The normal semantics of {@link
* Flow.Subscriber} and {@link Flow.Publisher} are implemented by the HTTP
* Client and are expected from {@code BodyPublisher} implementations. Each
* outgoing request results in one HTTP Client {@code Subscriber}
* subscribing to the {@code BodyPublisher} in order to provide the sequence
* of byte buffers containing the request body. Instances of {@code
* ByteBuffer} published by the publisher must be allocated by the
* publisher, and must not be accessed after being published to the HTTP
* Client. These subscriptions complete normally when the request body is
* fully sent, and can be canceled or terminated early through error. If a
* request needs to be resent for any reason, then a new subscription is
* created which is expected to generate the same data as before.
*
* A {@code BodyPublisher} that reports a {@linkplain #contentLength()
* content length} of {@code 0} may not be subscribed to by the HTTP Client,
* as it has effectively no data to publish.
*
* @see BodyPublishers
* @since 11
*/
public interface BodyPublisher extends Flow.Publisher This method may be invoked before the publisher is subscribed to.
* This method may be invoked more than once by the HTTP client
* implementation, and MUST return the same constant value each time.
*
* @return the content length for this request body, if known
*/
long contentLength();
}
/**
* Implementations of {@link BodyPublisher BodyPublisher} that implement
* various useful publishers, such as publishing the request body from a
* String, or from a file.
*
* The following are examples of using the predefined body publishers to
* convert common high-level Java objects into a flow of data suitable for
* sending as a request body:
*
* The given {@code contentLength} is a positive number, that
* represents the exact amount of bytes the {@code publisher} must
* publish.
*
* @apiNote This method can be used as an adapter between {@code
* BodyPublisher} and {@code Flow.Publisher}, where the amount of
* request body that the publisher will publish is known.
*
* @param publisher the publisher responsible for publishing the body
* @param contentLength a positive number representing the exact
* amount of bytes the publisher will publish
* @throws IllegalArgumentException if the content length is
* non-positive
* @return a BodyPublisher
*/
public static BodyPublisher
fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher publisher,
long contentLength) {
if (contentLength < 1)
throw new IllegalArgumentException("non-positive contentLength: "
+ contentLength);
return new RequestPublishers.PublisherAdapter(publisher, contentLength);
}
/**
* Returns a request body publisher whose body is the given {@code
* String}, converted using the {@link StandardCharsets#UTF_8 UTF_8}
* character set.
*
* @param body the String containing the body
* @return a BodyPublisher
*/
public static BodyPublisher ofString(String body) {
return ofString(body, UTF_8);
}
/**
* Returns a request body publisher whose body is the given {@code
* String}, converted using the given character set.
*
* @param s the String containing the body
* @param charset the character set to convert the string to bytes
* @return a BodyPublisher
*/
public static BodyPublisher ofString(String s, Charset charset) {
return new RequestPublishers.StringPublisher(s, charset);
}
/**
* A request body publisher that reads its data from an {@link
* InputStream}. A {@link Supplier} of {@code InputStream} is used in
* case the request needs to be repeated, as the content is not buffered.
* The {@code Supplier} may return {@code null} on subsequent attempts,
* in which case the request fails.
*
* @param streamSupplier a Supplier of open InputStreams
* @return a BodyPublisher
*/
// TODO (spec): specify that the stream will be closed
public static BodyPublisher ofInputStream(Supplier streamSupplier) {
return new RequestPublishers.InputStreamPublisher(streamSupplier);
}
/**
* Returns a request body publisher whose body is the given byte array.
*
* @param buf the byte array containing the body
* @return a BodyPublisher
*/
public static BodyPublisher ofByteArray(byte[] buf) {
return new RequestPublishers.ByteArrayPublisher(buf);
}
/**
* Returns a request body publisher whose body is the content of the
* given byte array of {@code length} bytes starting from the specified
* {@code offset}.
*
* @param buf the byte array containing the body
* @param offset the offset of the first byte
* @param length the number of bytes to use
* @return a BodyPublisher
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException if the sub-range is defined to be
* out of bounds
*/
public static BodyPublisher ofByteArray(byte[] buf, int offset, int length) {
Objects.checkFromIndexSize(offset, length, buf.length);
return new RequestPublishers.ByteArrayPublisher(buf, offset, length);
}
/**
* A request body publisher that takes data from the contents of a File.
*
* Security manager permission checks are performed in this factory
* method, when the {@code BodyPublisher} is created. Care must be taken
* that the {@code BodyPublisher} is not shared with untrusted code.
*
* @param path the path to the file containing the body
* @return a BodyPublisher
* @throws java.io.FileNotFoundException if the path is not found
* @throws SecurityException if a security manager has been installed
* and it denies {@link SecurityManager#checkRead(String)
* read access} to the given file
*/
public static BodyPublisher ofFile(Path path) throws FileNotFoundException {
Objects.requireNonNull(path);
return RequestPublishers.FilePublisher.create(path);
}
/**
* A request body publisher that takes data from an {@code Iterable}
* of byte arrays. An {@link Iterable} is provided which supplies
* {@link Iterator} instances. Each attempt to send the request results
* in one invocation of the {@code Iterable}.
*
* @param iter an Iterable of byte arrays
* @return a BodyPublisher
*/
public static BodyPublisher ofByteArrays(Iterable{@code // Request body from a String
* HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
* .uri(URI.create("https://foo.com/"))
* .header("Content-Type", "text/plain; charset=UTF-8")
* .POST(BodyPublishers.ofString("some body text"))
* .build();
*
* // Request body from a File
* HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
* .uri(URI.create("https://foo.com/"))
* .header("Content-Type", "application/json")
* .POST(BodyPublishers.ofFile(Paths.get("file.json")))
* .build();
*
* // Request body from a byte array
* HttpRequest request = HttpRequest.newBuilder()
* .uri(URI.create("https://foo.com/"))
* .POST(BodyPublishers.ofByteArray(new byte[] { ... }))
* .build(); }
*
* @since 11
*/
public static class BodyPublishers {
private BodyPublishers() { }
/**
* Returns a request body publisher whose body is retrieved from the
* given {@code Flow.Publisher}. The returned request body publisher
* has an unknown content length.
*
* @apiNote This method can be used as an adapter between {@code
* BodyPublisher} and {@code Flow.Publisher}, where the amount of
* request body that the publisher will publish is unknown.
*
* @param publisher the publisher responsible for publishing the body
* @return a BodyPublisher
*/
public static BodyPublisher
fromPublisher(Flow.Publisher publisher) {
return new RequestPublishers.PublisherAdapter(publisher, -1L);
}
/**
* Returns a request body publisher whose body is retrieved from the
* given {@code Flow.Publisher}. The returned request body publisher
* has the given content length.
*
*