1 /* 2 * Copyright (c) 2010, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved. 3 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER. 4 * 5 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it 6 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as 7 * published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this 8 * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided 9 * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code. 10 * 11 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT 12 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or 13 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License 14 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that 15 * accompanied this code). 16 * 17 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version 18 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, 19 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA. 20 * 21 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA 22 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any 23 * questions. 24 */ 25 26 package jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.linker; 27 28 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.staticCallNoLookup; 29 import static jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ECMAErrors.typeError; 30 31 import java.lang.invoke.CallSite; 32 import java.lang.invoke.ConstantCallSite; 33 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle; 34 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles; 35 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup; 36 import java.lang.invoke.MethodType; 37 import jdk.internal.dynalink.CallSiteDescriptor; 38 import jdk.internal.dynalink.DynamicLinker; 39 import jdk.internal.dynalink.DynamicLinkerFactory; 40 import jdk.internal.dynalink.GuardedInvocationFilter; 41 import jdk.internal.dynalink.beans.BeansLinker; 42 import jdk.internal.dynalink.beans.StaticClass; 43 import jdk.internal.dynalink.linker.GuardedInvocation; 44 import jdk.internal.dynalink.linker.LinkRequest; 45 import jdk.internal.dynalink.linker.LinkerServices; 46 import jdk.internal.dynalink.linker.MethodTypeConversionStrategy; 47 import jdk.internal.dynalink.support.TypeUtilities; 48 import jdk.nashorn.api.scripting.JSObject; 49 import jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.CompilerConstants.Call; 50 import jdk.nashorn.internal.codegen.ObjectClassGenerator; 51 import jdk.nashorn.internal.lookup.MethodHandleFactory; 52 import jdk.nashorn.internal.lookup.MethodHandleFunctionality; 53 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ECMAException; 54 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.JSType; 55 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.OptimisticReturnFilters; 56 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptFunction; 57 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.ScriptRuntime; 58 import jdk.nashorn.internal.runtime.options.Options; 59 60 /** 61 * This class houses bootstrap method for invokedynamic instructions generated by compiler. 62 */ 63 public final class Bootstrap { 64 /** Reference to the seed boostrap function */ 65 public static final Call BOOTSTRAP = staticCallNoLookup(Bootstrap.class, "bootstrap", CallSite.class, Lookup.class, String.class, MethodType.class, int.class); 66 67 private static final MethodHandleFunctionality MH = MethodHandleFactory.getFunctionality(); 68 69 private static final MethodHandle VOID_TO_OBJECT = MH.constant(Object.class, ScriptRuntime.UNDEFINED); 70 71 /** 72 * The default dynalink relink threshold for megamorphism is 8. In the case 73 * of object fields only, it is fine. However, with dual fields, in order to get 74 * performance on benchmarks with a lot of object instantiation and then field 75 * reassignment, it can take slightly more relinks to become stable with type 76 * changes swapping out an entire property map and making a map guard fail. 77 * Since we need to set this value statically it must work with possibly changing 78 * optimistic types and dual fields settings. A higher value does not seem to have 79 * any other negative performance implication when running with object-only fields, 80 * so we choose a higher value here. 81 * 82 * See for example octane.gbemu, run with --log=fields:warning to study 83 * megamorphic behavior 84 */ 85 private static final int NASHORN_DEFAULT_UNSTABLE_RELINK_THRESHOLD = 16; 86 87 // do not create me!! 88 private Bootstrap() { 89 } 90 91 private static final DynamicLinker dynamicLinker; 92 static { 93 final DynamicLinkerFactory factory = new DynamicLinkerFactory(); 94 final NashornBeansLinker nashornBeansLinker = new NashornBeansLinker(); 95 factory.setPrioritizedLinkers( 96 new NashornLinker(), 97 new NashornPrimitiveLinker(), 98 new NashornStaticClassLinker(), 99 new BoundCallableLinker(), 100 new JavaSuperAdapterLinker(), 101 new JSObjectLinker(nashornBeansLinker), 102 new BrowserJSObjectLinker(nashornBeansLinker), 103 new ReflectionCheckLinker()); 104 factory.setFallbackLinkers(nashornBeansLinker, new NashornBottomLinker()); 105 factory.setSyncOnRelink(true); 106 factory.setPrelinkFilter(new GuardedInvocationFilter() { 107 @Override 108 public GuardedInvocation filter(final GuardedInvocation inv, final LinkRequest request, final LinkerServices linkerServices) { 109 final CallSiteDescriptor desc = request.getCallSiteDescriptor(); 110 return OptimisticReturnFilters.filterOptimisticReturnValue(inv, desc).asType(linkerServices, desc.getMethodType()); 111 } 112 }); 113 factory.setAutoConversionStrategy(new MethodTypeConversionStrategy() { 114 @Override 115 public MethodHandle asType(final MethodHandle target, final MethodType newType) { 116 return unboxReturnType(target, newType); 117 } 118 }); 119 factory.setInternalObjectsFilter(NashornBeansLinker.createHiddenObjectFilter()); 120 final int relinkThreshold = Options.getIntProperty("nashorn.unstable.relink.threshold", NASHORN_DEFAULT_UNSTABLE_RELINK_THRESHOLD); 121 if (relinkThreshold > -1) { 122 factory.setUnstableRelinkThreshold(relinkThreshold); 123 } 124 125 // Linkers for any additional language runtimes deployed alongside Nashorn will be picked up by the factory. 126 factory.setClassLoader(Bootstrap.class.getClassLoader()); 127 128 dynamicLinker = factory.createLinker(); 129 } 130 131 /** 132 * Returns if the given object is a "callable" 133 * @param obj object to be checked for callability 134 * @return true if the obj is callable 135 */ 136 public static boolean isCallable(final Object obj) { 137 if (obj == ScriptRuntime.UNDEFINED || obj == null) { 138 return false; 139 } 140 141 return obj instanceof ScriptFunction || 142 isJSObjectFunction(obj) || 143 BeansLinker.isDynamicMethod(obj) || 144 obj instanceof BoundCallable || 145 isFunctionalInterfaceObject(obj) || 146 obj instanceof StaticClass; 147 } 148 149 /** 150 * Returns true if the given object is a strict callable 151 * @param callable the callable object to be checked for strictness 152 * @return true if the obj is a strict callable, false if it is a non-strict callable. 153 * @throws ECMAException with {@code TypeError} if the object is not a callable. 154 */ 155 public static boolean isStrictCallable(final Object callable) { 156 if (callable instanceof ScriptFunction) { 157 return ((ScriptFunction)callable).isStrict(); 158 } else if (isJSObjectFunction(callable)) { 159 return ((JSObject)callable).isStrictFunction(); 160 } else if (callable instanceof BoundCallable) { 161 return isStrictCallable(((BoundCallable)callable).getCallable()); 162 } else if (BeansLinker.isDynamicMethod(callable) || callable instanceof StaticClass) { 163 return false; 164 } 165 throw notFunction(callable); 166 } 167 168 private static ECMAException notFunction(final Object obj) { 169 return typeError("not.a.function", ScriptRuntime.safeToString(obj)); 170 } 171 172 private static boolean isJSObjectFunction(final Object obj) { 173 return obj instanceof JSObject && ((JSObject)obj).isFunction(); 174 } 175 176 /** 177 * Returns if the given object is a dynalink Dynamic method 178 * @param obj object to be checked 179 * @return true if the obj is a dynamic method 180 */ 181 public static boolean isDynamicMethod(final Object obj) { 182 return BeansLinker.isDynamicMethod(obj instanceof BoundCallable ? ((BoundCallable)obj).getCallable() : obj); 183 } 184 185 /** 186 * Returns if the given object is an instance of an interface annotated with 187 * java.lang.FunctionalInterface 188 * @param obj object to be checked 189 * @return true if the obj is an instance of @FunctionalInterface interface 190 */ 191 public static boolean isFunctionalInterfaceObject(final Object obj) { 192 return !JSType.isPrimitive(obj) && (NashornBeansLinker.getFunctionalInterfaceMethodName(obj.getClass()) != null); 193 } 194 195 /** 196 * Create a call site and link it for Nashorn. This version of the method conforms to the invokedynamic bootstrap 197 * method expected signature and is referenced from Nashorn generated bytecode as the bootstrap method for all 198 * invokedynamic instructions. 199 * @param lookup MethodHandle lookup. Ignored as Nashorn only uses public lookup. 200 * @param opDesc Dynalink dynamic operation descriptor. 201 * @param type Method type. 202 * @param flags flags for call type, trace/profile etc. 203 * @return CallSite with MethodHandle to appropriate method or null if not found. 204 */ 205 public static CallSite bootstrap(final Lookup lookup, final String opDesc, final MethodType type, final int flags) { 206 return dynamicLinker.link(LinkerCallSite.newLinkerCallSite(lookup, opDesc, type, flags)); 207 } 208 209 /** 210 * Boostrapper for math calls that may overflow 211 * @param lookup lookup 212 * @param name name of operation 213 * @param type method type 214 * @param programPoint program point to bind to callsite 215 * 216 * @return callsite for a math intrinsic node 217 */ 218 public static CallSite mathBootstrap(final Lookup lookup, final String name, final MethodType type, final int programPoint) { 219 final MethodHandle mh; 220 switch (name) { 221 case "iadd": 222 mh = JSType.ADD_EXACT.methodHandle(); 223 break; 224 case "isub": 225 mh = JSType.SUB_EXACT.methodHandle(); 226 break; 227 case "imul": 228 mh = JSType.MUL_EXACT.methodHandle(); 229 break; 230 case "idiv": 231 mh = JSType.DIV_EXACT.methodHandle(); 232 break; 233 case "irem": 234 mh = JSType.REM_EXACT.methodHandle(); 235 break; 236 case "ineg": 237 mh = JSType.NEGATE_EXACT.methodHandle(); 238 break; 239 default: 240 throw new AssertionError("unsupported math intrinsic"); 241 } 242 return new ConstantCallSite(MH.insertArguments(mh, mh.type().parameterCount() - 1, programPoint)); 243 } 244 245 /** 246 * Returns a dynamic invoker for a specified dynamic operation using the public lookup. You can use this method to 247 * create a method handle that when invoked acts completely as if it were a Nashorn-linked call site. An overview of 248 * available dynamic operations can be found in the 249 * <a href="https://github.com/szegedi/dynalink/wiki/User-Guide-0.6">Dynalink User Guide</a>, but we'll show few 250 * examples here: 251 * <ul> 252 * <li>Get a named property with fixed name: 253 * <pre> 254 * MethodHandle getColor = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:getProp:color", Object.class, Object.class); 255 * Object obj = ...; // somehow obtain the object 256 * Object color = getColor.invokeExact(obj); 257 * </pre> 258 * </li> 259 * <li>Get a named property with variable name: 260 * <pre> 261 * MethodHandle getProperty = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:getElem", Object.class, Object.class, String.class); 262 * Object obj = ...; // somehow obtain the object 263 * Object color = getProperty.invokeExact(obj, "color"); 264 * Object shape = getProperty.invokeExact(obj, "shape"); 265 * MethodHandle getNumProperty = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:getElem", Object.class, Object.class, int.class); 266 * Object elem42 = getNumProperty.invokeExact(obj, 42); 267 * </pre> 268 * </li> 269 * <li>Set a named property with fixed name: 270 * <pre> 271 * MethodHandle setColor = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:setProp:color", void.class, Object.class, Object.class); 272 * Object obj = ...; // somehow obtain the object 273 * setColor.invokeExact(obj, Color.BLUE); 274 * </pre> 275 * </li> 276 * <li>Set a property with variable name: 277 * <pre> 278 * MethodHandle setProperty = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:setElem", void.class, Object.class, String.class, Object.class); 279 * Object obj = ...; // somehow obtain the object 280 * setProperty.invokeExact(obj, "color", Color.BLUE); 281 * setProperty.invokeExact(obj, "shape", Shape.CIRCLE); 282 * </pre> 283 * </li> 284 * <li>Call a function on an object; two-step variant. This is the actual variant used by Nashorn-generated code: 285 * <pre> 286 * MethodHandle findFooFunction = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:getMethod:foo", Object.class, Object.class); 287 * Object obj = ...; // somehow obtain the object 288 * Object foo_fn = findFooFunction.invokeExact(obj); 289 * MethodHandle callFunctionWithTwoArgs = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:call", Object.class, Object.class, Object.class, Object.class, Object.class); 290 * // Note: "call" operation takes a function, then a "this" value, then the arguments: 291 * Object foo_retval = callFunctionWithTwoArgs.invokeExact(foo_fn, obj, arg1, arg2); 292 * </pre> 293 * </li> 294 * <li>Call a function on an object; single-step variant. Although Nashorn doesn't use this variant and never 295 * emits any INVOKEDYNAMIC instructions with {@code dyn:getMethod}, it still supports this standard Dynalink 296 * operation: 297 * <pre> 298 * MethodHandle callFunctionFooWithTwoArgs = Boostrap.createDynamicInvoker("dyn:callMethod:foo", Object.class, Object.class, Object.class, Object.class); 299 * Object obj = ...; // somehow obtain the object 300 * Object foo_retval = callFunctionFooWithTwoArgs.invokeExact(obj, arg1, arg2); 301 * </pre> 302 * </li> 303 * </ul> 304 * Few additional remarks: 305 * <ul> 306 * <li>Just as Nashorn works with any Java object, the invokers returned from this method can also be applied to 307 * arbitrary Java objects in addition to Nashorn JavaScript objects.</li> 308 * <li>For invoking a named function on an object, you can also use the {@link InvokeByName} convenience class.</li> 309 * <li>For Nashorn objects {@code getElem}, {@code getProp}, and {@code getMethod} are handled almost identically, 310 * since JavaScript doesn't distinguish between different kinds of properties on an object. Either can be used with 311 * fixed property name or a variable property name. The only significant difference is handling of missing 312 * properties: {@code getMethod} for a missing member will link to a potential invocation of 313 * {@code __noSuchMethod__} on the object, {@code getProp} for a missing member will link to a potential invocation 314 * of {@code __noSuchProperty__}, while {@code getElem} for a missing member will link to an empty getter.</li> 315 * <li>In similar vein, {@code setElem} and {@code setProp} are handled identically on Nashorn objects.</li> 316 * <li>There's no rule that the variable property identifier has to be a {@code String} for {@code getProp/setProp} 317 * and {@code int} for {@code getElem/setElem}. You can declare their type to be {@code int}, {@code double}, 318 * {@code Object}, and so on regardless of the kind of the operation.</li> 319 * <li>You can be as specific in parameter types as you want. E.g. if you know that the receiver of the operation 320 * will always be {@code ScriptObject}, you can pass {@code ScriptObject.class} as its parameter type. If you happen 321 * to link to a method that expects different types, (you can use these invokers on POJOs too, after all, and end up 322 * linking with their methods that have strongly-typed signatures), all necessary conversions allowed by either Java 323 * or JavaScript will be applied: if invoked methods specify either primitive or wrapped Java numeric types, or 324 * {@code String} or {@code boolean/Boolean}, then the parameters might be subjected to standard ECMAScript 325 * {@code ToNumber}, {@code ToString}, and {@code ToBoolean} conversion, respectively. Less obviously, if the 326 * expected parameter type is a SAM type, and you pass a JavaScript function, a proxy object implementing the SAM 327 * type and delegating to the function will be passed. Linkage can often be optimized when linkers have more 328 * specific type information than "everything can be an object".</li> 329 * <li>You can also be as specific in return types as you want. For return types any necessary type conversion 330 * available in either Java or JavaScript will be automatically applied, similar to the process described for 331 * parameters, only in reverse direction: if you specify any either primitive or wrapped Java numeric type, or 332 * {@code String} or {@code boolean/Boolean}, then the return values will be subjected to standard ECMAScript 333 * {@code ToNumber}, {@code ToString}, and {@code ToBoolean} conversion, respectively. Less obviously, if the return 334 * type is a SAM type, and the return value is a JavaScript function, a proxy object implementing the SAM type and 335 * delegating to the function will be returned.</li> 336 * </ul> 337 * @param opDesc Dynalink dynamic operation descriptor. 338 * @param rtype the return type for the operation 339 * @param ptypes the parameter types for the operation 340 * @return MethodHandle for invoking the operation. 341 */ 342 public static MethodHandle createDynamicInvoker(final String opDesc, final Class<?> rtype, final Class<?>... ptypes) { 343 return createDynamicInvoker(opDesc, MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes)); 344 } 345 346 /** 347 * Returns a dynamic invoker for a specified dynamic operation using the public lookup. Similar to 348 * {@link #createDynamicInvoker(String, Class, Class...)} but with an additional parameter to 349 * set the call site flags of the dynamic invoker. 350 * @param opDesc Dynalink dynamic operation descriptor. 351 * @param flags the call site flags for the operation 352 * @param rtype the return type for the operation 353 * @param ptypes the parameter types for the operation 354 * @return MethodHandle for invoking the operation. 355 */ 356 public static MethodHandle createDynamicInvoker(final String opDesc, final int flags, final Class<?> rtype, final Class<?>... ptypes) { 357 return bootstrap(MethodHandles.publicLookup(), opDesc, MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes), flags).dynamicInvoker(); 358 } 359 360 /** 361 * Returns a dynamic invoker for a specified dynamic operation using the public lookup. Similar to 362 * {@link #createDynamicInvoker(String, Class, Class...)} but with return and parameter types composed into a 363 * method type in the signature. See the discussion of that method for details. 364 * @param opDesc Dynalink dynamic operation descriptor. 365 * @param type the method type for the operation 366 * @return MethodHandle for invoking the operation. 367 */ 368 public static MethodHandle createDynamicInvoker(final String opDesc, final MethodType type) { 369 return bootstrap(MethodHandles.publicLookup(), opDesc, type, 0).dynamicInvoker(); 370 } 371 372 /** 373 * Binds any object Nashorn can use as a [[Callable]] to a receiver and optionally arguments. 374 * @param callable the callable to bind 375 * @param boundThis the bound "this" value. 376 * @param boundArgs the bound arguments. Can be either null or empty array to signify no arguments are bound. 377 * @return a bound callable. 378 * @throws ECMAException with {@code TypeError} if the object is not a callable. 379 */ 380 public static Object bindCallable(final Object callable, final Object boundThis, final Object[] boundArgs) { 381 if (callable instanceof ScriptFunction) { 382 return ((ScriptFunction)callable).createBound(boundThis, boundArgs); 383 } else if (callable instanceof BoundCallable) { 384 return ((BoundCallable)callable).bind(boundArgs); 385 } else if (isCallable(callable)) { 386 return new BoundCallable(callable, boundThis, boundArgs); 387 } 388 throw notFunction(callable); 389 } 390 391 /** 392 * Creates a super-adapter for an adapter, that is, an adapter to the adapter that allows invocation of superclass 393 * methods on it. 394 * @param adapter the original adapter 395 * @return a new adapter that can be used to invoke super methods on the original adapter. 396 */ 397 public static Object createSuperAdapter(final Object adapter) { 398 return new JavaSuperAdapter(adapter); 399 } 400 401 /** 402 * If the given class is a reflection-specific class (anything in {@code java.lang.reflect} and 403 * {@code java.lang.invoke} package, as well a {@link Class} and any subclass of {@link ClassLoader}) and there is 404 * a security manager in the system, then it checks the {@code nashorn.JavaReflection} {@code RuntimePermission}. 405 * @param clazz the class being tested 406 * @param isStatic is access checked for static members (or instance members) 407 */ 408 public static void checkReflectionAccess(final Class<?> clazz, final boolean isStatic) { 409 ReflectionCheckLinker.checkReflectionAccess(clazz, isStatic); 410 } 411 412 /** 413 * Returns the Nashorn's internally used dynamic linker's services object. Note that in code that is processing a 414 * linking request, you will normally use the {@code LinkerServices} object passed by whatever top-level linker 415 * invoked the linking (if the call site is in Nashorn-generated code, you'll get this object anyway). You should 416 * only resort to retrieving a linker services object using this method when you need some linker services (e.g. 417 * type converter method handles) outside of a code path that is linking a call site. 418 * @return Nashorn's internal dynamic linker's services object. 419 */ 420 public static LinkerServices getLinkerServices() { 421 return dynamicLinker.getLinkerServices(); 422 } 423 424 /** 425 * Takes a guarded invocation, and ensures its method and guard conform to the type of the call descriptor, using 426 * all type conversions allowed by the linker's services. This method is used by Nashorn's linkers as a last step 427 * before returning guarded invocations. Most of the code used to produce the guarded invocations does not make an 428 * effort to coordinate types of the methods, and so a final type adjustment before a guarded invocation is returned 429 * to the aggregating linker is the responsibility of the linkers themselves. 430 * @param inv the guarded invocation that needs to be type-converted. Can be null. 431 * @param linkerServices the linker services object providing the type conversions. 432 * @param desc the call site descriptor to whose method type the invocation needs to conform. 433 * @return the type-converted guarded invocation. If input is null, null is returned. If the input invocation 434 * already conforms to the requested type, it is returned unchanged. 435 */ 436 static GuardedInvocation asTypeSafeReturn(final GuardedInvocation inv, final LinkerServices linkerServices, final CallSiteDescriptor desc) { 437 return inv == null ? null : inv.asTypeSafeReturn(linkerServices, desc.getMethodType()); 438 } 439 440 /** 441 * Adapts the return type of the method handle with {@code explicitCastArguments} when it is an unboxing 442 * conversion. This will ensure that nulls are unwrapped to false or 0. 443 * @param target the target method handle 444 * @param newType the desired new type. Note that this method does not adapt the method handle completely to the 445 * new type, it only adapts the return type; this is allowed as per 446 * {@link DynamicLinkerFactory#setAutoConversionStrategy(MethodTypeConversionStrategy)}, which is what this method 447 * is used for. 448 * @return the method handle with adapted return type, if it required an unboxing conversion. 449 */ 450 private static MethodHandle unboxReturnType(final MethodHandle target, final MethodType newType) { 451 final MethodType targetType = target.type(); 452 final Class<?> oldReturnType = targetType.returnType(); 453 final Class<?> newReturnType = newType.returnType(); 454 if (TypeUtilities.isWrapperType(oldReturnType)) { 455 if (newReturnType.isPrimitive()) { 456 // The contract of setAutoConversionStrategy is such that the difference between newType and targetType 457 // can only be JLS method invocation conversions. 458 assert TypeUtilities.isMethodInvocationConvertible(oldReturnType, newReturnType); 459 return MethodHandles.explicitCastArguments(target, targetType.changeReturnType(newReturnType)); 460 } 461 } else if (oldReturnType == void.class && newReturnType == Object.class) { 462 return MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(target, VOID_TO_OBJECT); 463 } 464 return target; 465 } 466 }