1 // Copyright 2008, Google Inc.
   2 // All rights reserved.
   3 //
   4 // Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
   5 // modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
   6 // met:
   7 //
   8 //     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
   9 // notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
  10 //     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
  11 // copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
  12 // in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
  13 // distribution.
  14 //     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
  15 // contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
  16 // this software without specific prior written permission.
  17 //
  18 // THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
  19 // "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  20 // LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
  21 // A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
  22 // OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
  23 // SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
  24 // LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
  25 // DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
  26 // THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
  27 // (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
  28 // OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
  29 //
  30 // Author: wan@google.com (Zhanyong Wan)
  31 
  32 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
  33 
  34 #include <limits.h>
  35 #include <stdlib.h>
  36 #include <stdio.h>
  37 #include <string.h>
  38 
  39 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  40 # include <windows.h>  // For TerminateProcess()
  41 #elif GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
  42 # include <io.h>
  43 # include <sys/stat.h>
  44 #else
  45 # include <unistd.h>
  46 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
  47 
  48 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
  49 # include <mach/mach_init.h>
  50 # include <mach/task.h>
  51 # include <mach/vm_map.h>
  52 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
  53 
  54 #if GTEST_OS_QNX
  55 # include <devctl.h>
  56 # include <sys/procfs.h>
  57 #endif  // GTEST_OS_QNX
  58 
  59 #include "gtest/gtest-spi.h"
  60 #include "gtest/gtest-message.h"
  61 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-internal.h"
  62 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-string.h"
  63 
  64 // Indicates that this translation unit is part of Google Test's
  65 // implementation.  It must come before gtest-internal-inl.h is
  66 // included, or there will be a compiler error.  This trick is to
  67 // prevent a user from accidentally including gtest-internal-inl.h in
  68 // his code.
  69 #define GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_ 1
  70 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
  71 #undef GTEST_IMPLEMENTATION_
  72 
  73 namespace testing {
  74 namespace internal {
  75 
  76 #if defined(_MSC_VER) || defined(__BORLANDC__)
  77 // MSVC and C++Builder do not provide a definition of STDERR_FILENO.
  78 const int kStdOutFileno = 1;
  79 const int kStdErrFileno = 2;
  80 #else
  81 const int kStdOutFileno = STDOUT_FILENO;
  82 const int kStdErrFileno = STDERR_FILENO;
  83 #endif  // _MSC_VER
  84 
  85 #if GTEST_OS_MAC
  86 
  87 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
  88 // we cannot detect it.
  89 size_t GetThreadCount() {
  90   const task_t task = mach_task_self();
  91   mach_msg_type_number_t thread_count;
  92   thread_act_array_t thread_list;
  93   const kern_return_t status = task_threads(task, &thread_list, &thread_count);
  94   if (status == KERN_SUCCESS) {
  95     // task_threads allocates resources in thread_list and we need to free them
  96     // to avoid leaks.
  97     vm_deallocate(task,
  98                   reinterpret_cast<vm_address_t>(thread_list),
  99                   sizeof(thread_t) * thread_count);
 100     return static_cast<size_t>(thread_count);
 101   } else {
 102     return 0;
 103   }
 104 }
 105 
 106 #elif GTEST_OS_QNX
 107 
 108 // Returns the number of threads running in the process, or 0 to indicate that
 109 // we cannot detect it.
 110 size_t GetThreadCount() {
 111   const int fd = open("/proc/self/as", O_RDONLY);
 112   if (fd < 0) {
 113     return 0;
 114   }
 115   procfs_info process_info;
 116   const int status =
 117       devctl(fd, DCMD_PROC_INFO, &process_info, sizeof(process_info), NULL);
 118   close(fd);
 119   if (status == EOK) {
 120     return static_cast<size_t>(process_info.num_threads);
 121   } else {
 122     return 0;
 123   }
 124 }
 125 
 126 #else
 127 
 128 size_t GetThreadCount() {
 129   // There's no portable way to detect the number of threads, so we just
 130   // return 0 to indicate that we cannot detect it.
 131   return 0;
 132 }
 133 
 134 #endif  // GTEST_OS_MAC
 135 
 136 #if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 137 
 138 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
 139 
 140 RE::~RE() {
 141   if (is_valid_) {
 142     // regfree'ing an invalid regex might crash because the content
 143     // of the regex is undefined. Since the regex's are essentially
 144     // the same, one cannot be valid (or invalid) without the other
 145     // being so too.
 146     regfree(&partial_regex_);
 147     regfree(&full_regex_);
 148   }
 149   free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
 150 }
 151 
 152 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
 153 bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
 154   if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
 155 
 156   regmatch_t match;
 157   return regexec(&re.full_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
 158 }
 159 
 160 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
 161 // (including str itself).
 162 bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
 163   if (!re.is_valid_) return false;
 164 
 165   regmatch_t match;
 166   return regexec(&re.partial_regex_, str, 1, &match, 0) == 0;
 167 }
 168 
 169 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
 170 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
 171   pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
 172 
 173   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
 174   // full match.
 175   const size_t full_regex_len = strlen(regex) + 10;
 176   char* const full_pattern = new char[full_regex_len];
 177 
 178   snprintf(full_pattern, full_regex_len, "^(%s)$", regex);
 179   is_valid_ = regcomp(&full_regex_, full_pattern, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
 180   // We want to call regcomp(&partial_regex_, ...) even if the
 181   // previous expression returns false.  Otherwise partial_regex_ may
 182   // not be properly initialized can may cause trouble when it's
 183   // freed.
 184   //
 185   // Some implementation of POSIX regex (e.g. on at least some
 186   // versions of Cygwin) doesn't accept the empty string as a valid
 187   // regex.  We change it to an equivalent form "()" to be safe.
 188   if (is_valid_) {
 189     const char* const partial_regex = (*regex == '\0') ? "()" : regex;
 190     is_valid_ = regcomp(&partial_regex_, partial_regex, REG_EXTENDED) == 0;
 191   }
 192   EXPECT_TRUE(is_valid_)
 193       << "Regular expression \"" << regex
 194       << "\" is not a valid POSIX Extended regular expression.";
 195 
 196   delete[] full_pattern;
 197 }
 198 
 199 #elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 200 
 201 // Returns true iff ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
 202 // terminating '\0' character).
 203 bool IsInSet(char ch, const char* str) {
 204   return ch != '\0' && strchr(str, ch) != NULL;
 205 }
 206 
 207 // Returns true iff ch belongs to the given classification.  Unlike
 208 // similar functions in <ctype.h>, these aren't affected by the
 209 // current locale.
 210 bool IsAsciiDigit(char ch) { return '0' <= ch && ch <= '9'; }
 211 bool IsAsciiPunct(char ch) {
 212   return IsInSet(ch, "^-!\"#$%&'()*+,./:;<=>?@[\\]_`{|}~");
 213 }
 214 bool IsRepeat(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, "?*+"); }
 215 bool IsAsciiWhiteSpace(char ch) { return IsInSet(ch, " \f\n\r\t\v"); }
 216 bool IsAsciiWordChar(char ch) {
 217   return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z') || ('A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z') ||
 218       ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9') || ch == '_';
 219 }
 220 
 221 // Returns true iff "\\c" is a supported escape sequence.
 222 bool IsValidEscape(char c) {
 223   return (IsAsciiPunct(c) || IsInSet(c, "dDfnrsStvwW"));
 224 }
 225 
 226 // Returns true iff the given atom (specified by escaped and pattern)
 227 // matches ch.  The result is undefined if the atom is invalid.
 228 bool AtomMatchesChar(bool escaped, char pattern_char, char ch) {
 229   if (escaped) {  // "\\p" where p is pattern_char.
 230     switch (pattern_char) {
 231       case 'd': return IsAsciiDigit(ch);
 232       case 'D': return !IsAsciiDigit(ch);
 233       case 'f': return ch == '\f';
 234       case 'n': return ch == '\n';
 235       case 'r': return ch == '\r';
 236       case 's': return IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
 237       case 'S': return !IsAsciiWhiteSpace(ch);
 238       case 't': return ch == '\t';
 239       case 'v': return ch == '\v';
 240       case 'w': return IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
 241       case 'W': return !IsAsciiWordChar(ch);
 242     }
 243     return IsAsciiPunct(pattern_char) && pattern_char == ch;
 244   }
 245 
 246   return (pattern_char == '.' && ch != '\n') || pattern_char == ch;
 247 }
 248 
 249 // Helper function used by ValidateRegex() to format error messages.
 250 std::string FormatRegexSyntaxError(const char* regex, int index) {
 251   return (Message() << "Syntax error at index " << index
 252           << " in simple regular expression \"" << regex << "\": ").GetString();
 253 }
 254 
 255 // Generates non-fatal failures and returns false if regex is invalid;
 256 // otherwise returns true.
 257 bool ValidateRegex(const char* regex) {
 258   if (regex == NULL) {
 259     // TODO(wan@google.com): fix the source file location in the
 260     // assertion failures to match where the regex is used in user
 261     // code.
 262     ADD_FAILURE() << "NULL is not a valid simple regular expression.";
 263     return false;
 264   }
 265 
 266   bool is_valid = true;
 267 
 268   // True iff ?, *, or + can follow the previous atom.
 269   bool prev_repeatable = false;
 270   for (int i = 0; regex[i]; i++) {
 271     if (regex[i] == '\\') {  // An escape sequence
 272       i++;
 273       if (regex[i] == '\0') {
 274         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
 275                       << "'\\' cannot appear at the end.";
 276         return false;
 277       }
 278 
 279       if (!IsValidEscape(regex[i])) {
 280         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i - 1)
 281                       << "invalid escape sequence \"\\" << regex[i] << "\".";
 282         is_valid = false;
 283       }
 284       prev_repeatable = true;
 285     } else {  // Not an escape sequence.
 286       const char ch = regex[i];
 287 
 288       if (ch == '^' && i > 0) {
 289         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
 290                       << "'^' can only appear at the beginning.";
 291         is_valid = false;
 292       } else if (ch == '$' && regex[i + 1] != '\0') {
 293         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
 294                       << "'$' can only appear at the end.";
 295         is_valid = false;
 296       } else if (IsInSet(ch, "()[]{}|")) {
 297         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
 298                       << "'" << ch << "' is unsupported.";
 299         is_valid = false;
 300       } else if (IsRepeat(ch) && !prev_repeatable) {
 301         ADD_FAILURE() << FormatRegexSyntaxError(regex, i)
 302                       << "'" << ch << "' can only follow a repeatable token.";
 303         is_valid = false;
 304       }
 305 
 306       prev_repeatable = !IsInSet(ch, "^$?*+");
 307     }
 308   }
 309 
 310   return is_valid;
 311 }
 312 
 313 // Matches a repeated regex atom followed by a valid simple regular
 314 // expression.  The regex atom is defined as c if escaped is false,
 315 // or \c otherwise.  repeat is the repetition meta character (?, *,
 316 // or +).  The behavior is undefined if str contains too many
 317 // characters to be indexable by size_t, in which case the test will
 318 // probably time out anyway.  We are fine with this limitation as
 319 // std::string has it too.
 320 bool MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
 321     bool escaped, char c, char repeat, const char* regex,
 322     const char* str) {
 323   const size_t min_count = (repeat == '+') ? 1 : 0;
 324   const size_t max_count = (repeat == '?') ? 1 :
 325       static_cast<size_t>(-1) - 1;
 326   // We cannot call numeric_limits::max() as it conflicts with the
 327   // max() macro on Windows.
 328 
 329   for (size_t i = 0; i <= max_count; ++i) {
 330     // We know that the atom matches each of the first i characters in str.
 331     if (i >= min_count && MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str + i)) {
 332       // We have enough matches at the head, and the tail matches too.
 333       // Since we only care about *whether* the pattern matches str
 334       // (as opposed to *how* it matches), there is no need to find a
 335       // greedy match.
 336       return true;
 337     }
 338     if (str[i] == '\0' || !AtomMatchesChar(escaped, c, str[i]))
 339       return false;
 340   }
 341   return false;
 342 }
 343 
 344 // Returns true iff regex matches a prefix of str.  regex must be a
 345 // valid simple regular expression and not start with "^", or the
 346 // result is undefined.
 347 bool MatchRegexAtHead(const char* regex, const char* str) {
 348   if (*regex == '\0')  // An empty regex matches a prefix of anything.
 349     return true;
 350 
 351   // "$" only matches the end of a string.  Note that regex being
 352   // valid guarantees that there's nothing after "$" in it.
 353   if (*regex == '$')
 354     return *str == '\0';
 355 
 356   // Is the first thing in regex an escape sequence?
 357   const bool escaped = *regex == '\\';
 358   if (escaped)
 359     ++regex;
 360   if (IsRepeat(regex[1])) {
 361     // MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead() calls MatchRegexAtHead(), so
 362     // here's an indirect recursion.  It terminates as the regex gets
 363     // shorter in each recursion.
 364     return MatchRepetitionAndRegexAtHead(
 365         escaped, regex[0], regex[1], regex + 2, str);
 366   } else {
 367     // regex isn't empty, isn't "$", and doesn't start with a
 368     // repetition.  We match the first atom of regex with the first
 369     // character of str and recurse.
 370     return (*str != '\0') && AtomMatchesChar(escaped, *regex, *str) &&
 371         MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str + 1);
 372   }
 373 }
 374 
 375 // Returns true iff regex matches any substring of str.  regex must be
 376 // a valid simple regular expression, or the result is undefined.
 377 //
 378 // The algorithm is recursive, but the recursion depth doesn't exceed
 379 // the regex length, so we won't need to worry about running out of
 380 // stack space normally.  In rare cases the time complexity can be
 381 // exponential with respect to the regex length + the string length,
 382 // but usually it's must faster (often close to linear).
 383 bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str) {
 384   if (regex == NULL || str == NULL)
 385     return false;
 386 
 387   if (*regex == '^')
 388     return MatchRegexAtHead(regex + 1, str);
 389 
 390   // A successful match can be anywhere in str.
 391   do {
 392     if (MatchRegexAtHead(regex, str))
 393       return true;
 394   } while (*str++ != '\0');
 395   return false;
 396 }
 397 
 398 // Implements the RE class.
 399 
 400 RE::~RE() {
 401   free(const_cast<char*>(pattern_));
 402   free(const_cast<char*>(full_pattern_));
 403 }
 404 
 405 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches the entire str.
 406 bool RE::FullMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
 407   return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.full_pattern_, str);
 408 }
 409 
 410 // Returns true iff regular expression re matches a substring of str
 411 // (including str itself).
 412 bool RE::PartialMatch(const char* str, const RE& re) {
 413   return re.is_valid_ && MatchRegexAnywhere(re.pattern_, str);
 414 }
 415 
 416 // Initializes an RE from its string representation.
 417 void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
 418   pattern_ = full_pattern_ = NULL;
 419   if (regex != NULL) {
 420     pattern_ = posix::StrDup(regex);
 421   }
 422 
 423   is_valid_ = ValidateRegex(regex);
 424   if (!is_valid_) {
 425     // No need to calculate the full pattern when the regex is invalid.
 426     return;
 427   }
 428 
 429   const size_t len = strlen(regex);
 430   // Reserves enough bytes to hold the regular expression used for a
 431   // full match: we need space to prepend a '^', append a '$', and
 432   // terminate the string with '\0'.
 433   char* buffer = static_cast<char*>(malloc(len + 3));
 434   full_pattern_ = buffer;
 435 
 436   if (*regex != '^')
 437     *buffer++ = '^';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ starts with '^'.
 438 
 439   // We don't use snprintf or strncpy, as they trigger a warning when
 440   // compiled with VC++ 8.0.
 441   memcpy(buffer, regex, len);
 442   buffer += len;
 443 
 444   if (len == 0 || regex[len - 1] != '$')
 445     *buffer++ = '$';  // Makes sure full_pattern_ ends with '$'.
 446 
 447   *buffer = '\0';
 448 }
 449 
 450 #endif  // GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 451 
 452 const char kUnknownFile[] = "unknown file";
 453 
 454 // Formats a source file path and a line number as they would appear
 455 // in an error message from the compiler used to compile this code.
 456 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatFileLocation(const char* file, int line) {
 457   const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 458 
 459   if (line < 0) {
 460     return file_name + ":";
 461   }
 462 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 463   return file_name + "(" + StreamableToString(line) + "):";
 464 #else
 465   return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line) + ":";
 466 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 467 }
 468 
 469 // Formats a file location for compiler-independent XML output.
 470 // Although this function is not platform dependent, we put it next to
 471 // FormatFileLocation in order to contrast the two functions.
 472 // Note that FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation() does NOT append colon
 473 // to the file location it produces, unlike FormatFileLocation().
 474 GTEST_API_ ::std::string FormatCompilerIndependentFileLocation(
 475     const char* file, int line) {
 476   const std::string file_name(file == NULL ? kUnknownFile : file);
 477 
 478   if (line < 0)
 479     return file_name;
 480   else
 481     return file_name + ":" + StreamableToString(line);
 482 }
 483 
 484 
 485 GTestLog::GTestLog(GTestLogSeverity severity, const char* file, int line)
 486     : severity_(severity) {
 487   const char* const marker =
 488       severity == GTEST_INFO ?    "[  INFO ]" :
 489       severity == GTEST_WARNING ? "[WARNING]" :
 490       severity == GTEST_ERROR ?   "[ ERROR ]" : "[ FATAL ]";
 491   GetStream() << ::std::endl << marker << " "
 492               << FormatFileLocation(file, line).c_str() << ": ";
 493 }
 494 
 495 // Flushes the buffers and, if severity is GTEST_FATAL, aborts the program.
 496 GTestLog::~GTestLog() {
 497   GetStream() << ::std::endl;
 498   if (severity_ == GTEST_FATAL) {
 499     fflush(stderr);
 500     posix::Abort();
 501   }
 502 }
 503 // Disable Microsoft deprecation warnings for POSIX functions called from
 504 // this class (creat, dup, dup2, and close)
 505 #ifdef _MSC_VER
 506 # pragma warning(push)
 507 # pragma warning(disable: 4996)
 508 #endif  // _MSC_VER
 509 
 510 #if GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 511 
 512 // Object that captures an output stream (stdout/stderr).
 513 class CapturedStream {
 514  public:
 515   // The ctor redirects the stream to a temporary file.
 516   explicit CapturedStream(int fd) : fd_(fd), uncaptured_fd_(dup(fd)) {
 517 # if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 518     char temp_dir_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
 519     char temp_file_path[MAX_PATH + 1] = { '\0' };  // NOLINT
 520 
 521     ::GetTempPathA(sizeof(temp_dir_path), temp_dir_path);
 522     const UINT success = ::GetTempFileNameA(temp_dir_path,
 523                                             "gtest_redir",
 524                                             0,  // Generate unique file name.
 525                                             temp_file_path);
 526     GTEST_CHECK_(success != 0)
 527         << "Unable to create a temporary file in " << temp_dir_path;
 528     const int captured_fd = creat(temp_file_path, _S_IREAD | _S_IWRITE);
 529     GTEST_CHECK_(captured_fd != -1) << "Unable to open temporary file "
 530                                     << temp_file_path;
 531     filename_ = temp_file_path;
 532 # else
 533     // There's no guarantee that a test has write access to the current
 534     // directory, so we create the temporary file in the /tmp directory
 535     // instead. We use /tmp on most systems, and /sdcard on Android.
 536     // That's because Android doesn't have /tmp.
 537 #  if GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 538     // Note: Android applications are expected to call the framework's
 539     // Context.getExternalStorageDirectory() method through JNI to get
 540     // the location of the world-writable SD Card directory. However,
 541     // this requires a Context handle, which cannot be retrieved
 542     // globally from native code. Doing so also precludes running the
 543     // code as part of a regular standalone executable, which doesn't
 544     // run in a Dalvik process (e.g. when running it through 'adb shell').
 545     //
 546     // The location /sdcard is directly accessible from native code
 547     // and is the only location (unofficially) supported by the Android
 548     // team. It's generally a symlink to the real SD Card mount point
 549     // which can be /mnt/sdcard, /mnt/sdcard0, /system/media/sdcard, or
 550     // other OEM-customized locations. Never rely on these, and always
 551     // use /sdcard.
 552     char name_template[] = "/sdcard/gtest_captured_stream.XXXXXX";
 553 #  else
 554     char name_template[] = "/tmp/captured_stream.XXXXXX";
 555 #  endif  // GTEST_OS_LINUX_ANDROID
 556     const int captured_fd = mkstemp(name_template);
 557     filename_ = name_template;
 558 # endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 559     fflush(NULL);
 560     dup2(captured_fd, fd_);
 561     close(captured_fd);
 562   }
 563 
 564   ~CapturedStream() {
 565     remove(filename_.c_str());
 566   }
 567 
 568   std::string GetCapturedString() {
 569     if (uncaptured_fd_ != -1) {
 570       // Restores the original stream.
 571       fflush(NULL);
 572       dup2(uncaptured_fd_, fd_);
 573       close(uncaptured_fd_);
 574       uncaptured_fd_ = -1;
 575     }
 576 
 577     FILE* const file = posix::FOpen(filename_.c_str(), "r");
 578     const std::string content = ReadEntireFile(file);
 579     posix::FClose(file);
 580     return content;
 581   }
 582 
 583  private:
 584   // Reads the entire content of a file as an std::string.
 585   static std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
 586 
 587   // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
 588   static size_t GetFileSize(FILE* file);
 589 
 590   const int fd_;  // A stream to capture.
 591   int uncaptured_fd_;
 592   // Name of the temporary file holding the stderr output.
 593   ::std::string filename_;
 594 
 595   GTEST_DISALLOW_COPY_AND_ASSIGN_(CapturedStream);
 596 };
 597 
 598 // Returns the size (in bytes) of a file.
 599 size_t CapturedStream::GetFileSize(FILE* file) {
 600   fseek(file, 0, SEEK_END);
 601   return static_cast<size_t>(ftell(file));
 602 }
 603 
 604 // Reads the entire content of a file as a string.
 605 std::string CapturedStream::ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
 606   const size_t file_size = GetFileSize(file);
 607   char* const buffer = new char[file_size];
 608 
 609   size_t bytes_last_read = 0;  // # of bytes read in the last fread()
 610   size_t bytes_read = 0;       // # of bytes read so far
 611 
 612   fseek(file, 0, SEEK_SET);
 613 
 614   // Keeps reading the file until we cannot read further or the
 615   // pre-determined file size is reached.
 616   do {
 617     bytes_last_read = fread(buffer+bytes_read, 1, file_size-bytes_read, file);
 618     bytes_read += bytes_last_read;
 619   } while (bytes_last_read > 0 && bytes_read < file_size);
 620 
 621   const std::string content(buffer, bytes_read);
 622   delete[] buffer;
 623 
 624   return content;
 625 }
 626 
 627 # ifdef _MSC_VER
 628 #  pragma warning(pop)
 629 # endif  // _MSC_VER
 630 
 631 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stderr = NULL;
 632 static CapturedStream* g_captured_stdout = NULL;
 633 
 634 // Starts capturing an output stream (stdout/stderr).
 635 void CaptureStream(int fd, const char* stream_name, CapturedStream** stream) {
 636   if (*stream != NULL) {
 637     GTEST_LOG_(FATAL) << "Only one " << stream_name
 638                       << " capturer can exist at a time.";
 639   }
 640   *stream = new CapturedStream(fd);
 641 }
 642 
 643 // Stops capturing the output stream and returns the captured string.
 644 std::string GetCapturedStream(CapturedStream** captured_stream) {
 645   const std::string content = (*captured_stream)->GetCapturedString();
 646 
 647   delete *captured_stream;
 648   *captured_stream = NULL;
 649 
 650   return content;
 651 }
 652 
 653 // Starts capturing stdout.
 654 void CaptureStdout() {
 655   CaptureStream(kStdOutFileno, "stdout", &g_captured_stdout);
 656 }
 657 
 658 // Starts capturing stderr.
 659 void CaptureStderr() {
 660   CaptureStream(kStdErrFileno, "stderr", &g_captured_stderr);
 661 }
 662 
 663 // Stops capturing stdout and returns the captured string.
 664 std::string GetCapturedStdout() {
 665   return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stdout);
 666 }
 667 
 668 // Stops capturing stderr and returns the captured string.
 669 std::string GetCapturedStderr() {
 670   return GetCapturedStream(&g_captured_stderr);
 671 }
 672 
 673 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_STREAM_REDIRECTION
 674 
 675 #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 676 
 677 // A copy of all command line arguments.  Set by InitGoogleTest().
 678 ::std::vector<testing::internal::string> g_argvs;
 679 
 680 static const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
 681                                         NULL;  // Owned.
 682 
 683 void SetInjectableArgvs(const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>* argvs) {
 684   if (g_injected_test_argvs != argvs)
 685     delete g_injected_test_argvs;
 686   g_injected_test_argvs = argvs;
 687 }
 688 
 689 const ::std::vector<testing::internal::string>& GetInjectableArgvs() {
 690   if (g_injected_test_argvs != NULL) {
 691     return *g_injected_test_argvs;
 692   }
 693   return g_argvs;
 694 }
 695 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 696 
 697 #if GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 698 namespace posix {
 699 void Abort() {
 700   DebugBreak();
 701   TerminateProcess(GetCurrentProcess(), 1);
 702 }
 703 }  // namespace posix
 704 #endif  // GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 705 
 706 // Returns the name of the environment variable corresponding to the
 707 // given flag.  For example, FlagToEnvVar("foo") will return
 708 // "GTEST_FOO" in the open-source version.
 709 static std::string FlagToEnvVar(const char* flag) {
 710   const std::string full_flag =
 711       (Message() << GTEST_FLAG_PREFIX_ << flag).GetString();
 712 
 713   Message env_var;
 714   for (size_t i = 0; i != full_flag.length(); i++) {
 715     env_var << ToUpper(full_flag.c_str()[i]);
 716   }
 717 
 718   return env_var.GetString();
 719 }
 720 
 721 // Parses 'str' for a 32-bit signed integer.  If successful, writes
 722 // the result to *value and returns true; otherwise leaves *value
 723 // unchanged and returns false.
 724 bool ParseInt32(const Message& src_text, const char* str, Int32* value) {
 725   // Parses the environment variable as a decimal integer.
 726   char* end = NULL;
 727   const long long_value = strtol(str, &end, 10);  // NOLINT
 728 
 729   // Has strtol() consumed all characters in the string?
 730   if (*end != '\0') {
 731     // No - an invalid character was encountered.
 732     Message msg;
 733     msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
 734         << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
 735         << " has value \"" << str << "\".\n";
 736     printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
 737     fflush(stdout);
 738     return false;
 739   }
 740 
 741   // Is the parsed value in the range of an Int32?
 742   const Int32 result = static_cast<Int32>(long_value);
 743   if (long_value == LONG_MAX || long_value == LONG_MIN ||
 744       // The parsed value overflows as a long.  (strtol() returns
 745       // LONG_MAX or LONG_MIN when the input overflows.)
 746       result != long_value
 747       // The parsed value overflows as an Int32.
 748       ) {
 749     Message msg;
 750     msg << "WARNING: " << src_text
 751         << " is expected to be a 32-bit integer, but actually"
 752         << " has value " << str << ", which overflows.\n";
 753     printf("%s", msg.GetString().c_str());
 754     fflush(stdout);
 755     return false;
 756   }
 757 
 758   *value = result;
 759   return true;
 760 }
 761 
 762 // Reads and returns the Boolean environment variable corresponding to
 763 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
 764 //
 765 // The value is considered true iff it's not "0".
 766 bool BoolFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, bool default_value) {
 767   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
 768   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
 769   return string_value == NULL ?
 770       default_value : strcmp(string_value, "0") != 0;
 771 }
 772 
 773 // Reads and returns a 32-bit integer stored in the environment
 774 // variable corresponding to the given flag; if it isn't set or
 775 // doesn't represent a valid 32-bit integer, returns default_value.
 776 Int32 Int32FromGTestEnv(const char* flag, Int32 default_value) {
 777   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
 778   const char* const string_value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
 779   if (string_value == NULL) {
 780     // The environment variable is not set.
 781     return default_value;
 782   }
 783 
 784   Int32 result = default_value;
 785   if (!ParseInt32(Message() << "Environment variable " << env_var,
 786                   string_value, &result)) {
 787     printf("The default value %s is used.\n",
 788            (Message() << default_value).GetString().c_str());
 789     fflush(stdout);
 790     return default_value;
 791   }
 792 
 793   return result;
 794 }
 795 
 796 // Reads and returns the string environment variable corresponding to
 797 // the given flag; if it's not set, returns default_value.
 798 const char* StringFromGTestEnv(const char* flag, const char* default_value) {
 799   const std::string env_var = FlagToEnvVar(flag);
 800   const char* const value = posix::GetEnv(env_var.c_str());
 801   return value == NULL ? default_value : value;
 802 }
 803 
 804 }  // namespace internal
 805 }  // namespace testing