1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2009, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 /* @test
  25  * @summary unit tests for java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles
  26  * @library /lib/testlibrary /lib/testlibrary/jsr292
  27  * @compile MethodHandlesTest.java remote/RemoteExample.java
  28  * @run junit/othervm/timeout=2500 -XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions -XX:-VerifyDependencies -esa test.java.lang.invoke.MethodHandlesTest
  29  */
  30 
  31 package test.java.lang.invoke;
  32 
  33 import test.java.lang.invoke.remote.RemoteExample;
  34 import java.lang.invoke.*;
  35 import static java.lang.invoke.MethodType.methodType;
  36 import java.lang.invoke.MethodHandles.Lookup;
  37 import java.lang.reflect.*;
  38 import java.util.*;
  39 import org.junit.*;
  40 import static org.junit.Assert.*;
  41 import com.oracle.testlibrary.jsr292.CodeCacheOverflowProcessor;
  42 
  43 
  44 /**
  45  *
  46  * @author jrose
  47  */
  48 public class MethodHandlesTest {
  49     static final Class<?> THIS_CLASS = MethodHandlesTest.class;
  50     // How much output?
  51     static int verbosity = 0;
  52     static {
  53         String vstr = System.getProperty(THIS_CLASS.getSimpleName()+".verbosity");
  54         if (vstr == null)
  55             vstr = System.getProperty(THIS_CLASS.getName()+".verbosity");
  56         if (vstr != null)  verbosity = Integer.parseInt(vstr);
  57     }
  58 
  59     // Set this true during development if you want to fast-forward to
  60     // a particular new, non-working test.  Tests which are known to
  61     // work (or have recently worked) test this flag and return on true.
  62     static final boolean CAN_SKIP_WORKING;
  63     static {
  64         String vstr = System.getProperty(THIS_CLASS.getSimpleName()+".CAN_SKIP_WORKING");
  65         if (vstr == null)
  66             vstr = System.getProperty(THIS_CLASS.getName()+".CAN_SKIP_WORKING");
  67         CAN_SKIP_WORKING = Boolean.parseBoolean(vstr);
  68     }
  69 
  70     // Set 'true' to do about 15x fewer tests, especially those redundant with RicochetTest.
  71     // This might be useful with -Xcomp stress tests that compile all method handles.
  72     static boolean CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY = Boolean.getBoolean(THIS_CLASS.getName()+".CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY");
  73 
  74     @Test
  75     public void testFirst() throws Throwable {
  76         verbosity += 9; try {
  77             // left blank for debugging
  78         } finally { printCounts(); verbosity -= 9; }
  79     }
  80 
  81     static final int MAX_ARG_INCREASE = 3;
  82 
  83     public MethodHandlesTest() {
  84     }
  85 
  86     String testName;
  87     static int allPosTests, allNegTests;
  88     int posTests, negTests;
  89     @After
  90     public void printCounts() {
  91         if (verbosity >= 2 && (posTests | negTests) != 0) {
  92             System.out.println();
  93             if (posTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+testName+": "+posTests+" positive test cases run");
  94             if (negTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+testName+": "+negTests+" negative test cases run");
  95             allPosTests += posTests;
  96             allNegTests += negTests;
  97             posTests = negTests = 0;
  98         }
  99     }
 100     void countTest(boolean positive) {
 101         if (positive) ++posTests;
 102         else          ++negTests;
 103     }
 104     void countTest() { countTest(true); }
 105     void startTest(String name) {
 106         if (testName != null)  printCounts();
 107         if (verbosity >= 1)
 108             System.out.println(name);
 109         posTests = negTests = 0;
 110         testName = name;
 111     }
 112 
 113     @BeforeClass
 114     public static void setUpClass() throws Exception {
 115         calledLog.clear();
 116         calledLog.add(null);
 117         nextArgVal = INITIAL_ARG_VAL;
 118     }
 119 
 120     @AfterClass
 121     public static void tearDownClass() throws Exception {
 122         int posTests = allPosTests, negTests = allNegTests;
 123         if (verbosity >= 0 && (posTests | negTests) != 0) {
 124             System.out.println();
 125             if (posTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+posTests+" total positive test cases");
 126             if (negTests != 0)  System.out.println("=== "+negTests+" total negative test cases");
 127         }
 128     }
 129 
 130     static List<Object> calledLog = new ArrayList<>();
 131     static Object logEntry(String name, Object... args) {
 132         return Arrays.asList(name, Arrays.asList(args));
 133     }
 134     public static Object called(String name, Object... args) {
 135         Object entry = logEntry(name, args);
 136         calledLog.add(entry);
 137         return entry;
 138     }
 139     static void assertCalled(String name, Object... args) {
 140         Object expected = logEntry(name, args);
 141         Object actual   = calledLog.get(calledLog.size() - 1);
 142         if (expected.equals(actual) && verbosity < 9)  return;
 143         System.out.println("assertCalled "+name+":");
 144         System.out.println("expected:   "+deepToString(expected));
 145         System.out.println("actual:     "+actual);
 146         System.out.println("ex. types:  "+getClasses(expected));
 147         System.out.println("act. types: "+getClasses(actual));
 148         assertEquals("previous method call", expected, actual);
 149     }
 150     static void printCalled(MethodHandle target, String name, Object... args) {
 151         if (verbosity >= 3)
 152             System.out.println("calling MH="+target+" to "+name+deepToString(args));
 153     }
 154     static String deepToString(Object x) {
 155         if (x == null)  return "null";
 156         if (x instanceof Collection)
 157             x = ((Collection)x).toArray();
 158         if (x instanceof Object[]) {
 159             Object[] ax = (Object[]) x;
 160             ax = Arrays.copyOf(ax, ax.length, Object[].class);
 161             for (int i = 0; i < ax.length; i++)
 162                 ax[i] = deepToString(ax[i]);
 163             x = Arrays.deepToString(ax);
 164         }
 165         if (x.getClass().isArray())
 166             try {
 167                 x = Arrays.class.getMethod("toString", x.getClass()).invoke(null, x);
 168             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) { throw new Error(ex); }
 169         assert(!(x instanceof Object[]));
 170         return x.toString();
 171     }
 172 
 173     static Object castToWrapper(Object value, Class<?> dst) {
 174         Object wrap = null;
 175         if (value instanceof Number)
 176             wrap = castToWrapperOrNull(((Number)value).longValue(), dst);
 177         if (value instanceof Character)
 178             wrap = castToWrapperOrNull((char)(Character)value, dst);
 179         if (wrap != null)  return wrap;
 180         return dst.cast(value);
 181     }
 182 
 183     @SuppressWarnings("cast")  // primitive cast to (long) is part of the pattern
 184     static Object castToWrapperOrNull(long value, Class<?> dst) {
 185         if (dst == int.class || dst == Integer.class)
 186             return (int)(value);
 187         if (dst == long.class || dst == Long.class)
 188             return (long)(value);
 189         if (dst == char.class || dst == Character.class)
 190             return (char)(value);
 191         if (dst == short.class || dst == Short.class)
 192             return (short)(value);
 193         if (dst == float.class || dst == Float.class)
 194             return (float)(value);
 195         if (dst == double.class || dst == Double.class)
 196             return (double)(value);
 197         if (dst == byte.class || dst == Byte.class)
 198             return (byte)(value);
 199         if (dst == boolean.class || dst == boolean.class)
 200             return ((value % 29) & 1) == 0;
 201         return null;
 202     }
 203 
 204     static final int ONE_MILLION = (1000*1000),  // first int value
 205                      TEN_BILLION = (10*1000*1000*1000),  // scale factor to reach upper 32 bits
 206                      INITIAL_ARG_VAL = ONE_MILLION << 1;  // <<1 makes space for sign bit;
 207     static long nextArgVal;
 208     static long nextArg(boolean moreBits) {
 209         long val = nextArgVal++;
 210         long sign = -(val & 1); // alternate signs
 211         val >>= 1;
 212         if (moreBits)
 213             // Guarantee some bits in the high word.
 214             // In any case keep the decimal representation simple-looking,
 215             // with lots of zeroes, so as not to make the printed decimal
 216             // strings unnecessarily noisy.
 217             val += (val % ONE_MILLION) * TEN_BILLION;
 218         return val ^ sign;
 219     }
 220     static int nextArg() {
 221         // Produce a 32-bit result something like ONE_MILLION+(smallint).
 222         // Example: 1_000_042.
 223         return (int) nextArg(false);
 224     }
 225     static long nextArg(Class<?> kind) {
 226         if (kind == long.class   || kind == Long.class ||
 227             kind == double.class || kind == Double.class)
 228             // produce a 64-bit result something like
 229             // ((TEN_BILLION+1) * (ONE_MILLION+(smallint)))
 230             // Example: 10_000_420_001_000_042.
 231             return nextArg(true);
 232         return (long) nextArg();
 233     }
 234 
 235     static Object randomArg(Class<?> param) {
 236         Object wrap = castToWrapperOrNull(nextArg(param), param);
 237         if (wrap != null) {
 238             return wrap;
 239         }
 240 //        import sun.invoke.util.Wrapper;
 241 //        Wrapper wrap = Wrapper.forBasicType(dst);
 242 //        if (wrap == Wrapper.OBJECT && Wrapper.isWrapperType(dst))
 243 //            wrap = Wrapper.forWrapperType(dst);
 244 //        if (wrap != Wrapper.OBJECT)
 245 //            return wrap.wrap(nextArg++);
 246         if (param.isInterface()) {
 247             for (Class<?> c : param.getClasses()) {
 248                 if (param.isAssignableFrom(c) && !c.isInterface())
 249                     { param = c; break; }
 250             }
 251         }
 252         if (param.isArray()) {
 253             Class<?> ctype = param.getComponentType();
 254             Object arg = Array.newInstance(ctype, 2);
 255             Array.set(arg, 0, randomArg(ctype));
 256             return arg;
 257         }
 258         if (param.isInterface() && param.isAssignableFrom(List.class))
 259             return Arrays.asList("#"+nextArg());
 260         if (param.isInterface() || param.isAssignableFrom(String.class))
 261             return "#"+nextArg();
 262         else
 263             try {
 264                 return param.newInstance();
 265             } catch (InstantiationException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
 266             }
 267         return null;  // random class not Object, String, Integer, etc.
 268     }
 269     static Object[] randomArgs(Class<?>... params) {
 270         Object[] args = new Object[params.length];
 271         for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
 272             args[i] = randomArg(params[i]);
 273         return args;
 274     }
 275     static Object[] randomArgs(int nargs, Class<?> param) {
 276         Object[] args = new Object[nargs];
 277         for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
 278             args[i] = randomArg(param);
 279         return args;
 280     }
 281     static Object[] randomArgs(List<Class<?>> params) {
 282         return randomArgs(params.toArray(new Class<?>[params.size()]));
 283     }
 284 
 285     @SafeVarargs @SuppressWarnings("varargs")
 286     static <T, E extends T> T[] array(Class<T[]> atype, E... a) {
 287         return Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length, atype);
 288     }
 289     @SafeVarargs @SuppressWarnings("varargs")
 290     static <T> T[] cat(T[] a, T... b) {
 291         int alen = a.length, blen = b.length;
 292         if (blen == 0)  return a;
 293         T[] c = Arrays.copyOf(a, alen + blen);
 294         System.arraycopy(b, 0, c, alen, blen);
 295         return c;
 296     }
 297     static Integer[] boxAll(int... vx) {
 298         Integer[] res = new Integer[vx.length];
 299         for (int i = 0; i < res.length; i++) {
 300             res[i] = vx[i];
 301         }
 302         return res;
 303     }
 304     static Object getClasses(Object x) {
 305         if (x == null)  return x;
 306         if (x instanceof String)  return x;  // keep the name
 307         if (x instanceof List) {
 308             // recursively report classes of the list elements
 309             Object[] xa = ((List)x).toArray();
 310             for (int i = 0; i < xa.length; i++)
 311                 xa[i] = getClasses(xa[i]);
 312             return Arrays.asList(xa);
 313         }
 314         return x.getClass().getSimpleName();
 315     }
 316 
 317     /** Return lambda(arg...[arity]) { new Object[]{ arg... } } */
 318     static MethodHandle varargsList(int arity) {
 319         return ValueConversions.varargsList(arity);
 320     }
 321     /** Return lambda(arg...[arity]) { Arrays.asList(arg...) } */
 322     static MethodHandle varargsArray(int arity) {
 323         return ValueConversions.varargsArray(arity);
 324     }
 325     static MethodHandle varargsArray(Class<?> arrayType, int arity) {
 326         return ValueConversions.varargsArray(arrayType, arity);
 327     }
 328     /** Variation of varargsList, but with the given rtype. */
 329     static MethodHandle varargsList(int arity, Class<?> rtype) {
 330         MethodHandle list = varargsList(arity);
 331         MethodType listType = list.type().changeReturnType(rtype);
 332         if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(rtype) || rtype == void.class || rtype == Object.class) {
 333             // OK
 334         } else if (rtype.isAssignableFrom(String.class)) {
 335             if (LIST_TO_STRING == null)
 336                 try {
 337                     LIST_TO_STRING = PRIVATE.findStatic(PRIVATE.lookupClass(), "listToString",
 338                                                         MethodType.methodType(String.class, List.class));
 339                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); }
 340             list = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(list, LIST_TO_STRING);
 341         } else if (rtype.isPrimitive()) {
 342             if (LIST_TO_INT == null)
 343                 try {
 344                     LIST_TO_INT = PRIVATE.findStatic(PRIVATE.lookupClass(), "listToInt",
 345                                                      MethodType.methodType(int.class, List.class));
 346                 } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); }
 347             list = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(list, LIST_TO_INT);
 348             list = MethodHandles.explicitCastArguments(list, listType);
 349         } else {
 350             throw new RuntimeException("varargsList: "+rtype);
 351         }
 352         return list.asType(listType);
 353     }
 354     /** Variation of varargsList, but with the given ptypes and rtype. */
 355     static MethodHandle varargsList(List<Class<?>> ptypes, Class<?> rtype) {
 356         MethodHandle list = varargsList(ptypes.size(), rtype);
 357         return list.asType(MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes));
 358     }
 359     private static MethodHandle LIST_TO_STRING, LIST_TO_INT;
 360     private static String listToString(List<?> x) { return x.toString(); }
 361     private static int listToInt(List<?> x) { return x.toString().hashCode(); }
 362 
 363     static MethodHandle changeArgTypes(MethodHandle target, Class<?> argType) {
 364         return changeArgTypes(target, 0, 999, argType);
 365     }
 366     static MethodHandle changeArgTypes(MethodHandle target,
 367             int beg, int end, Class<?> argType) {
 368         MethodType targetType = target.type();
 369         end = Math.min(end, targetType.parameterCount());
 370         ArrayList<Class<?>> argTypes = new ArrayList<>(targetType.parameterList());
 371         Collections.fill(argTypes.subList(beg, end), argType);
 372         MethodType ttype2 = MethodType.methodType(targetType.returnType(), argTypes);
 373         return target.asType(ttype2);
 374     }
 375     static MethodHandle addTrailingArgs(MethodHandle target, int nargs, Class<?> argClass) {
 376         int targetLen = target.type().parameterCount();
 377         int extra = (nargs - targetLen);
 378         if (extra <= 0)  return target;
 379         List<Class<?>> fakeArgs = Collections.<Class<?>>nCopies(extra, argClass);
 380         return MethodHandles.dropArguments(target, targetLen, fakeArgs);
 381     }
 382 
 383     // This lookup is good for all members in and under MethodHandlesTest.
 384     static final Lookup PRIVATE = MethodHandles.lookup();
 385     // This lookup is good for package-private members but not private ones.
 386     static final Lookup PACKAGE = PackageSibling.lookup();
 387     // This lookup is good for public members and protected members of PubExample
 388     static final Lookup SUBCLASS = RemoteExample.lookup();
 389     // This lookup is good only for public members in exported packages.
 390     static final Lookup PUBLIC  = MethodHandles.publicLookup();
 391 
 392     // Subject methods...
 393     static class Example implements IntExample {
 394         final String name;
 395         public Example() { name = "Example#"+nextArg(); }
 396         protected Example(String name) { this.name = name; }
 397         @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 398         protected Example(int x) { this(); called("protected <init>", this, x); }
 399         //Example(Void x) { does not exist; lookup elicts NoSuchMethodException }
 400         @Override public String toString() { return name; }
 401 
 402         public void            v0()     { called("v0", this); }
 403         protected void         pro_v0() { called("pro_v0", this); }
 404         void                   pkg_v0() { called("pkg_v0", this); }
 405         private void           pri_v0() { called("pri_v0", this); }
 406         public static void     s0()     { called("s0"); }
 407         protected static void  pro_s0() { called("pro_s0"); }
 408         static void            pkg_s0() { called("pkg_s0"); }
 409         private static void    pri_s0() { called("pri_s0"); }
 410 
 411         public Object          v1(Object x) { return called("v1", this, x); }
 412         public Object          v2(Object x, Object y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
 413         public Object          v2(Object x, int    y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
 414         public Object          v2(int    x, Object y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
 415         public Object          v2(int    x, int    y) { return called("v2", this, x, y); }
 416         public static Object   s1(Object x) { return called("s1", x); }
 417         public static Object   s2(int x)    { return called("s2", x); }
 418         public static Object   s3(long x)   { return called("s3", x); }
 419         public static Object   s4(int x, int y) { return called("s4", x, y); }
 420         public static Object   s5(long x, int y) { return called("s5", x, y); }
 421         public static Object   s6(int x, long y) { return called("s6", x, y); }
 422         public static Object   s7(float x, double y) { return called("s7", x, y); }
 423 
 424         // for testing findConstructor:
 425         public Example(String x, int y) { this.name = x+y; called("Example.<init>", x, y); }
 426         public Example(int x, String y) { this.name = x+y; called("Example.<init>", x, y); }
 427         public Example(int x, int    y) { this.name = x+""+y; called("Example.<init>", x, y); }
 428         public Example(int x, long   y) { this.name = x+""+y; called("Example.<init>", x, y); }
 429         public Example(int x, float  y) { this.name = x+""+y; called("Example.<init>", x, y); }
 430         public Example(int x, double y) { this.name = x+""+y; called("Example.<init>", x, y); }
 431         public Example(int x, int    y, int z) { this.name = x+""+y+""+z; called("Example.<init>", x, y, z); }
 432         public Example(int x, int    y, int z, int a) { this.name = x+""+y+""+z+""+a; called("Example.<init>", x, y, z, a); }
 433 
 434         static final Lookup EXAMPLE = MethodHandles.lookup();  // for testing findSpecial
 435     }
 436     static final Lookup EXAMPLE = Example.EXAMPLE;
 437     public static class PubExample extends Example {
 438         public PubExample() { this("PubExample"); }
 439         protected PubExample(String prefix) { super(prefix+"#"+nextArg()); }
 440         protected void         pro_v0() { called("Pub/pro_v0", this); }
 441         protected static void  pro_s0() { called("Pub/pro_s0"); }
 442     }
 443     static class SubExample extends Example {
 444         @Override public void  v0()     { called("Sub/v0", this); }
 445         @Override void         pkg_v0() { called("Sub/pkg_v0", this); }
 446         @SuppressWarnings("LeakingThisInConstructor")
 447         private      SubExample(int x)  { called("<init>", this, x); }
 448         public SubExample() { super("SubExample#"+nextArg()); }
 449     }
 450     public static interface IntExample {
 451         public void            v0();
 452         public default void    vd() { called("vd", this); }
 453         public static class Impl implements IntExample {
 454             public void        v0()     { called("Int/v0", this); }
 455             final String name;
 456             public Impl() { name = "Impl#"+nextArg(); }
 457             @Override public String toString() { return name; }
 458         }
 459     }
 460     static interface SubIntExample extends IntExample { }
 461 
 462     static final Object[][][] ACCESS_CASES = {
 463         { { false, PUBLIC }, { false, SUBCLASS }, { false, PACKAGE }, { false, PRIVATE }, { false, EXAMPLE } }, //[0]: all false
 464         { { false, PUBLIC }, { false, SUBCLASS }, { false, PACKAGE }, { true,  PRIVATE }, { true,  EXAMPLE } }, //[1]: only PRIVATE
 465         { { false, PUBLIC }, { false, SUBCLASS }, { true,  PACKAGE }, { true,  PRIVATE }, { true,  EXAMPLE } }, //[2]: PUBLIC false
 466         { { false, PUBLIC }, { true,  SUBCLASS }, { true,  PACKAGE }, { true,  PRIVATE }, { true,  EXAMPLE } }, //[3]: subclass OK
 467         { { true,  PUBLIC }, { true,  SUBCLASS }, { true,  PACKAGE }, { true,  PRIVATE }, { true,  EXAMPLE } }, //[4]: all true
 468     };
 469 
 470     static Object[][] accessCases(Class<?> defc, String name, boolean isSpecial) {
 471         Object[][] cases;
 472         if (name.contains("pri_") || isSpecial) {
 473             cases = ACCESS_CASES[1]; // PRIVATE only
 474         } else if (name.contains("pkg_") || !Modifier.isPublic(defc.getModifiers())) {
 475             cases = ACCESS_CASES[2]; // not PUBLIC
 476         } else if (name.contains("pro_")) {
 477             cases = ACCESS_CASES[3]; // PUBLIC class, protected member
 478         } else {
 479             assertTrue(name.indexOf('_') < 0 || name.contains("fin_"));
 480             boolean pubc = Modifier.isPublic(defc.getModifiers());
 481             if (pubc)
 482                 cases = ACCESS_CASES[4]; // all access levels
 483             else
 484                 cases = ACCESS_CASES[2]; // PACKAGE but not PUBLIC
 485         }
 486         if (defc != Example.class && cases[cases.length-1][1] == EXAMPLE)
 487             cases = Arrays.copyOfRange(cases, 0, cases.length-1);
 488         return cases;
 489     }
 490     static Object[][] accessCases(Class<?> defc, String name) {
 491         return accessCases(defc, name, false);
 492     }
 493 
 494     static Lookup maybeMoveIn(Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc) {
 495         if (lookup == PUBLIC || lookup == SUBCLASS || lookup == PACKAGE)
 496             // external views stay external
 497             return lookup;
 498         return lookup.in(defc);
 499     }
 500 
 501     /** Is findVirtual (etc.) of "&lt;init&lt;" supposed to elicit a NoSuchMethodException? */
 502     static final boolean INIT_REF_CAUSES_NSME = true;
 503 
 504     @Test
 505     public void testFindStatic() throws Throwable {
 506         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindStatic0);
 507     }
 508 
 509     public void testFindStatic0() throws Throwable {
 510         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
 511         startTest("findStatic");
 512         testFindStatic(PubExample.class, void.class, "s0");
 513         testFindStatic(Example.class, void.class, "s0");
 514         testFindStatic(Example.class, void.class, "pkg_s0");
 515         testFindStatic(Example.class, void.class, "pri_s0");
 516         testFindStatic(Example.class, void.class, "pro_s0");
 517         testFindStatic(PubExample.class, void.class, "Pub/pro_s0");
 518 
 519         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s1", Object.class);
 520         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s2", int.class);
 521         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s3", long.class);
 522         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s4", int.class, int.class);
 523         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s5", long.class, int.class);
 524         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s6", int.class, long.class);
 525         testFindStatic(Example.class, Object.class, "s7", float.class, double.class);
 526 
 527         testFindStatic(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
 528         testFindStatic(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", int.class);
 529         testFindStatic(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", Void.class);
 530         testFindStatic(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "v0");
 531     }
 532 
 533     void testFindStatic(Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 534         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
 535             testFindStatic((Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, ret, name, params);
 536         }
 537     }
 538     void testFindStatic(Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 539         testFindStatic(true, lookup, defc, ret, name, params);
 540     }
 541     void testFindStatic(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 542         countTest(positive);
 543         String methodName = name.substring(1 + name.indexOf('/'));  // foo/bar => foo
 544         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
 545         MethodHandle target = null;
 546         Exception noAccess = null;
 547         try {
 548             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
 549             target = maybeMoveIn(lookup, defc).findStatic(defc, methodName, type);
 550         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
 551             noAccess = ex;
 552             assertExceptionClass(
 553                 (name.contains("bogus") || INIT_REF_CAUSES_NSME && name.contains("<init>"))
 554                 ?   NoSuchMethodException.class
 555                 :   IllegalAccessException.class,
 556                 noAccess);
 557             if (verbosity >= 5)  ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
 558         }
 559         if (verbosity >= 3)
 560             System.out.println("findStatic "+lookup+": "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
 561                     +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
 562         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
 563         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
 564         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
 565         assertEquals(type, target.type());
 566         assertNameStringContains(target, methodName);
 567         Object[] args = randomArgs(params);
 568         printCalled(target, name, args);
 569         target.invokeWithArguments(args);
 570         assertCalled(name, args);
 571         if (verbosity >= 1)
 572             System.out.print(':');
 573     }
 574 
 575     static void assertExceptionClass(Class<? extends Throwable> expected,
 576                                      Throwable actual) {
 577         if (expected.isInstance(actual))  return;
 578         actual.printStackTrace();
 579         assertEquals(expected, actual.getClass());
 580     }
 581 
 582     static final boolean DEBUG_METHOD_HANDLE_NAMES = Boolean.getBoolean("java.lang.invoke.MethodHandle.DEBUG_NAMES");
 583 
 584     // rough check of name string
 585     static void assertNameStringContains(MethodHandle x, String s) {
 586         if (!DEBUG_METHOD_HANDLE_NAMES) {
 587             // ignore s
 588             assertEquals("MethodHandle"+x.type(), x.toString());
 589             return;
 590         }
 591         if (x.toString().contains(s))  return;
 592         assertEquals(s, x);
 593     }
 594 
 595     @Test
 596     public void testFindVirtual() throws Throwable {
 597         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindVirtual0);
 598     }
 599 
 600     public void testFindVirtual0() throws Throwable {
 601         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
 602         startTest("findVirtual");
 603         testFindVirtual(Example.class, void.class, "v0");
 604         testFindVirtual(Example.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
 605         testFindVirtual(Example.class, void.class, "pri_v0");
 606         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v1", Object.class);
 607         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, Object.class);
 608         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, int.class);
 609         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, Object.class);
 610         testFindVirtual(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
 611         testFindVirtual(Example.class, void.class, "pro_v0");
 612         testFindVirtual(PubExample.class, void.class, "Pub/pro_v0");
 613 
 614         testFindVirtual(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
 615         testFindVirtual(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", int.class);
 616         testFindVirtual(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", Void.class);
 617         testFindVirtual(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, Example.class, void.class, "s0");
 618 
 619         // test dispatch
 620         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,      SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
 621         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,         Example.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
 622         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,      IntExample.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
 623         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,      SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/pkg_v0");
 624         testFindVirtual(SubExample.class,         Example.class, void.class, "Sub/pkg_v0");
 625         testFindVirtual(Example.class,         IntExample.class, void.class, "v0");
 626         testFindVirtual(IntExample.Impl.class, IntExample.class, void.class, "Int/v0");
 627     }
 628 
 629     @Test
 630     public void testFindVirtualClone() throws Throwable {
 631         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindVirtualClone0);
 632     }
 633 
 634     public void testFindVirtualClone0() throws Throwable {
 635         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
 636         // test some ad hoc system methods
 637         testFindVirtual(false, PUBLIC, Object.class, Object.class, "clone");
 638 
 639         // ##### FIXME - disable tests for clone until we figure out how they should work with modules
 640 
 641         /*
 642         testFindVirtual(true, PUBLIC, Object[].class, Object.class, "clone");
 643         testFindVirtual(true, PUBLIC, int[].class, Object.class, "clone");
 644         for (Class<?> cls : new Class<?>[]{ boolean[].class, long[].class, float[].class, char[].class })
 645             testFindVirtual(true, PUBLIC, cls, Object.class, "clone");
 646          */
 647     }
 648 
 649     void testFindVirtual(Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 650         Class<?> rcvc = defc;
 651         testFindVirtual(rcvc, defc, ret, name, params);
 652     }
 653     void testFindVirtual(Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 654         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
 655             testFindVirtual((Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], rcvc, defc, ret, name, params);
 656         }
 657     }
 658     void testFindVirtual(Lookup lookup, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 659         testFindVirtual(true, lookup, rcvc, defc, ret, name, params);
 660     }
 661     void testFindVirtual(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 662         testFindVirtual(positive, lookup, defc, defc, ret, name, params);
 663     }
 664     void testFindVirtual(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 665         countTest(positive);
 666         String methodName = name.substring(1 + name.indexOf('/'));  // foo/bar => foo
 667         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
 668         MethodHandle target = null;
 669         Exception noAccess = null;
 670         try {
 671             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
 672             target = maybeMoveIn(lookup, defc).findVirtual(defc, methodName, type);
 673         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
 674             noAccess = ex;
 675             assertExceptionClass(
 676                 (name.contains("bogus") || INIT_REF_CAUSES_NSME && name.contains("<init>"))
 677                 ?   NoSuchMethodException.class
 678                 :   IllegalAccessException.class,
 679                 noAccess);
 680             if (verbosity >= 5)  ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
 681         }
 682         if (verbosity >= 3)
 683             System.out.println("findVirtual "+lookup+": "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
 684                     +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
 685         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
 686         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
 687         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
 688         Class<?> selfc = defc;
 689         // predict receiver type narrowing:
 690         if (lookup == SUBCLASS &&
 691                 name.contains("pro_") &&
 692                 selfc.isAssignableFrom(lookup.lookupClass())) {
 693             selfc = lookup.lookupClass();
 694             if (name.startsWith("Pub/"))  name = "Rem/"+name.substring(4);
 695         }
 696         Class<?>[] paramsWithSelf = cat(array(Class[].class, (Class)selfc), params);
 697         MethodType typeWithSelf = MethodType.methodType(ret, paramsWithSelf);
 698         assertEquals(typeWithSelf, target.type());
 699         assertNameStringContains(target, methodName);
 700         Object[] argsWithSelf = randomArgs(paramsWithSelf);
 701         if (selfc.isAssignableFrom(rcvc) && rcvc != selfc)  argsWithSelf[0] = randomArg(rcvc);
 702         printCalled(target, name, argsWithSelf);
 703         Object res = target.invokeWithArguments(argsWithSelf);
 704         if (Example.class.isAssignableFrom(defc) || IntExample.class.isAssignableFrom(defc)) {
 705             assertCalled(name, argsWithSelf);
 706         } else if (name.equals("clone")) {
 707             // Ad hoc method call outside Example.  For Object[].clone.
 708             printCalled(target, name, argsWithSelf);
 709             assertEquals(MethodType.methodType(Object.class, rcvc), target.type());
 710             Object orig = argsWithSelf[0];
 711             assertEquals(orig.getClass(), res.getClass());
 712             if (res instanceof Object[])
 713                 assertArrayEquals((Object[])res, (Object[])argsWithSelf[0]);
 714             assert(Arrays.deepEquals(new Object[]{res}, new Object[]{argsWithSelf[0]}));
 715         } else {
 716             assert(false) : Arrays.asList(positive, lookup, rcvc, defc, ret, name, deepToString(params));
 717         }
 718         if (verbosity >= 1)
 719             System.out.print(':');
 720     }
 721 
 722     @Test
 723     public void testFindSpecial() throws Throwable {
 724         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindSpecial0);
 725     }
 726 
 727     public void testFindSpecial0() throws Throwable {
 728         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
 729         startTest("findSpecial");
 730         testFindSpecial(SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, false, "v0");
 731         testFindSpecial(SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, false, "pkg_v0");
 732         testFindSpecial(RemoteExample.class, PubExample.class, void.class, false, "Pub/pro_v0");
 733         testFindSpecial(Example.class, IntExample.class, void.class, true, "vd");
 734         // Do some negative testing:
 735         for (Lookup lookup : new Lookup[]{ PRIVATE, EXAMPLE, PACKAGE, PUBLIC }) {
 736             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, Object.class, Example.class, void.class, "v0");
 737             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
 738             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", int.class);
 739             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", Void.class);
 740             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, SubExample.class, Example.class, void.class, "s0");
 741             testFindSpecial(false, lookup, Example.class, IntExample.class, void.class, "v0");
 742         }
 743     }
 744 
 745     void testFindSpecial(Class<?> specialCaller,
 746                          Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, boolean dflt, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 747         if (specialCaller == RemoteExample.class) {
 748             testFindSpecial(false, EXAMPLE,  specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 749             testFindSpecial(false, PRIVATE,  specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 750             testFindSpecial(false, PACKAGE,  specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 751             testFindSpecial(true,  SUBCLASS, specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 752             testFindSpecial(false, PUBLIC,   specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 753             return;
 754         }
 755         testFindSpecial(true,          EXAMPLE,  specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 756         testFindSpecial(true,          PRIVATE,  specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 757         testFindSpecial(false || dflt, PACKAGE,  specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 758         testFindSpecial(false,         SUBCLASS, specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 759         testFindSpecial(false,         PUBLIC,   specialCaller, defc, ret, name, params);
 760     }
 761     void testFindSpecial(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> specialCaller,
 762                          Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 763         countTest(positive);
 764         String methodName = name.substring(1 + name.indexOf('/'));  // foo/bar => foo
 765         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
 766         Lookup specialLookup = maybeMoveIn(lookup, specialCaller);
 767         boolean specialAccessOK = (specialLookup.lookupClass() == specialCaller &&
 768                                    (specialLookup.lookupModes() & Lookup.PRIVATE) != 0);
 769         MethodHandle target = null;
 770         Exception noAccess = null;
 771         try {
 772             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
 773             if (verbosity >= 5)  System.out.println("  lookup => "+specialLookup);
 774             target = specialLookup.findSpecial(defc, methodName, type, specialCaller);
 775         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
 776             noAccess = ex;
 777             assertExceptionClass(
 778                 (!specialAccessOK)  // this check should happen first
 779                 ?   IllegalAccessException.class
 780                 : (name.contains("bogus") || INIT_REF_CAUSES_NSME && name.contains("<init>"))
 781                 ?   NoSuchMethodException.class
 782                 : IllegalAccessException.class,
 783                 noAccess);
 784             if (verbosity >= 5)  ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
 785         }
 786         if (verbosity >= 3)
 787             System.out.println("findSpecial from "+specialCaller.getName()+" to "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
 788                                +(target == null ? "" : target.type())
 789                                +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
 790         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
 791         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
 792         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
 793         assertEquals(specialCaller, target.type().parameterType(0));
 794         assertEquals(type,          target.type().dropParameterTypes(0,1));
 795         Class<?>[] paramsWithSelf = cat(array(Class[].class, (Class)specialCaller), params);
 796         MethodType typeWithSelf = MethodType.methodType(ret, paramsWithSelf);
 797         assertNameStringContains(target, methodName);
 798         Object[] args = randomArgs(paramsWithSelf);
 799         printCalled(target, name, args);
 800         target.invokeWithArguments(args);
 801         assertCalled(name, args);
 802     }
 803 
 804     @Test
 805     public void testFindConstructor() throws Throwable {
 806         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindConstructor0);
 807     }
 808 
 809     public void testFindConstructor0() throws Throwable {
 810         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
 811         startTest("findConstructor");
 812         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class);
 813         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, int.class);
 814         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, int.class, int.class);
 815         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, int.class, long.class);
 816         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, int.class, float.class);
 817         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, int.class, double.class);
 818         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, String.class);
 819         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 820         testFindConstructor(true, EXAMPLE, Example.class, int.class, int.class, int.class, int.class);
 821     }
 822     void testFindConstructor(boolean positive, Lookup lookup,
 823                              Class<?> defc, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 824         countTest(positive);
 825         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(void.class, params);
 826         MethodHandle target = null;
 827         Exception noAccess = null;
 828         try {
 829             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" <init>"+type);
 830             target = lookup.findConstructor(defc, type);
 831         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
 832             noAccess = ex;
 833             assertTrue(noAccess.getClass().getName(), noAccess instanceof IllegalAccessException);
 834         }
 835         if (verbosity >= 3)
 836             System.out.println("findConstructor "+defc.getName()+".<init>/"+type+" => "+target
 837                                +(target == null ? "" : target.type())
 838                                +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
 839         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
 840         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
 841         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
 842         assertEquals(type.changeReturnType(defc), target.type());
 843         Object[] args = randomArgs(params);
 844         printCalled(target, defc.getSimpleName(), args);
 845         Object obj = target.invokeWithArguments(args);
 846         if (!(defc == Example.class && params.length < 2))
 847             assertCalled(defc.getSimpleName()+".<init>", args);
 848         assertTrue("instance of "+defc.getName(), defc.isInstance(obj));
 849     }
 850 
 851     @Test
 852     public void testBind() throws Throwable {
 853         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testBind0);
 854     }
 855 
 856     public void testBind0() throws Throwable {
 857         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
 858         startTest("bind");
 859         testBind(Example.class, void.class, "v0");
 860         testBind(Example.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
 861         testBind(Example.class, void.class, "pri_v0");
 862         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v1", Object.class);
 863         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, Object.class);
 864         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, int.class);
 865         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, Object.class);
 866         testBind(Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
 867         testBind(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "bogus");
 868         testBind(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", int.class);
 869         testBind(false, PRIVATE, Example.class, void.class, "<init>", Void.class);
 870         testBind(SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/v0");
 871         testBind(SubExample.class, void.class, "Sub/pkg_v0");
 872         testBind(IntExample.Impl.class, void.class, "Int/v0");
 873     }
 874 
 875     void testBind(Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 876         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
 877             testBind((Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, ret, name, params);
 878         }
 879     }
 880 
 881     void testBind(boolean positive, Lookup lookup, Class<?> defc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 882         countTest(positive);
 883         String methodName = name.substring(1 + name.indexOf('/'));  // foo/bar => foo
 884         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
 885         Object receiver = randomArg(defc);
 886         MethodHandle target = null;
 887         Exception noAccess = null;
 888         try {
 889             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
 890             target = maybeMoveIn(lookup, defc).bind(receiver, methodName, type);
 891         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
 892             noAccess = ex;
 893             assertExceptionClass(
 894                 (name.contains("bogus") || INIT_REF_CAUSES_NSME && name.contains("<init>"))
 895                 ?   NoSuchMethodException.class
 896                 :   IllegalAccessException.class,
 897                 noAccess);
 898             if (verbosity >= 5)  ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
 899         }
 900         if (verbosity >= 3)
 901             System.out.println("bind "+receiver+"."+name+"/"+type+" => "+target
 902                     +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
 903         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
 904         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
 905         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
 906         assertEquals(type, target.type());
 907         Object[] args = randomArgs(params);
 908         printCalled(target, name, args);
 909         target.invokeWithArguments(args);
 910         Object[] argsWithReceiver = cat(array(Object[].class, receiver), args);
 911         assertCalled(name, argsWithReceiver);
 912         if (verbosity >= 1)
 913             System.out.print(':');
 914     }
 915 
 916     @Test
 917     public void testUnreflect() throws Throwable {
 918         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testUnreflect0);
 919     }
 920 
 921     public void testUnreflect0() throws Throwable {
 922         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
 923         startTest("unreflect");
 924         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, void.class, "s0");
 925         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, void.class, "pro_s0");
 926         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, void.class, "pkg_s0");
 927         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, void.class, "pri_s0");
 928 
 929         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s1", Object.class);
 930         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s2", int.class);
 931         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s3", long.class);
 932         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s4", int.class, int.class);
 933         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s5", long.class, int.class);
 934         testUnreflect(Example.class, true, Object.class, "s6", int.class, long.class);
 935 
 936         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, void.class, "v0");
 937         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, void.class, "pkg_v0");
 938         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, void.class, "pri_v0");
 939         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v1", Object.class);
 940         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, Object.class);
 941         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", Object.class, int.class);
 942         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", int.class, Object.class);
 943         testUnreflect(Example.class, false, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
 944 
 945         // Test a public final member in another package:
 946         testUnreflect(RemoteExample.class, false, void.class, "Rem/fin_v0");
 947     }
 948 
 949     void testUnreflect(Class<?> defc, boolean isStatic, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 950         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
 951             testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(null, (Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, (isStatic ? null : defc), ret, name, params);
 952         }
 953     }
 954     void testUnreflect(Class<?> defc, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 955         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name)) {
 956             testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(null, (Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, rcvc, ret, name, params);
 957         }
 958     }
 959     void testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(Class<?> specialCaller,
 960                                    boolean positive, Lookup lookup,
 961                                    Class<?> defc, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
 962         countTest(positive);
 963         String methodName = name.substring(1 + name.indexOf('/'));  // foo/bar => foo
 964         MethodType type = MethodType.methodType(ret, params);
 965         Lookup specialLookup = (specialCaller != null ? maybeMoveIn(lookup, specialCaller) : null);
 966         boolean specialAccessOK = (specialCaller != null &&
 967                                    specialLookup.lookupClass() == specialCaller &&
 968                                    (specialLookup.lookupModes() & Lookup.PRIVATE) != 0);
 969         Method rmethod = defc.getDeclaredMethod(methodName, params);
 970         MethodHandle target = null;
 971         Exception noAccess = null;
 972         boolean isStatic = (rcvc == null);
 973         boolean isSpecial = (specialCaller != null);
 974         try {
 975             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("lookup via "+lookup+" of "+defc+" "+name+type);
 976             if (isSpecial)
 977                 target = specialLookup.unreflectSpecial(rmethod, specialCaller);
 978             else
 979                 target = maybeMoveIn(lookup, defc).unreflect(rmethod);
 980         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
 981             noAccess = ex;
 982             assertExceptionClass(
 983                 IllegalAccessException.class,  // NSME is impossible, since it was already reflected
 984                 noAccess);
 985             if (verbosity >= 5)  ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
 986         }
 987         if (verbosity >= 3)
 988             System.out.println("unreflect"+(isSpecial?"Special":"")+" "+defc.getName()+"."+name+"/"+type
 989                                +(!isSpecial ? "" : " specialCaller="+specialCaller)
 990                                +( isStatic  ? "" : " receiver="+rcvc)
 991                                +" => "+target
 992                                +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
 993         if (positive && noAccess != null)  throw noAccess;
 994         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
 995         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
 996         assertEquals(isStatic, Modifier.isStatic(rmethod.getModifiers()));
 997         Class<?>[] paramsMaybeWithSelf = params;
 998         if (!isStatic) {
 999             paramsMaybeWithSelf = cat(array(Class[].class, (Class)rcvc), params);
1000         }
1001         MethodType typeMaybeWithSelf = MethodType.methodType(ret, paramsMaybeWithSelf);
1002         if (isStatic) {
1003             assertEquals(typeMaybeWithSelf, target.type());
1004         } else {
1005             if (isSpecial)
1006                 assertEquals(specialCaller, target.type().parameterType(0));
1007             else
1008                 assertEquals(defc, target.type().parameterType(0));
1009             assertEquals(typeMaybeWithSelf, target.type().changeParameterType(0, rcvc));
1010         }
1011         Object[] argsMaybeWithSelf = randomArgs(paramsMaybeWithSelf);
1012         printCalled(target, name, argsMaybeWithSelf);
1013         target.invokeWithArguments(argsMaybeWithSelf);
1014         assertCalled(name, argsMaybeWithSelf);
1015         if (verbosity >= 1)
1016             System.out.print(':');
1017     }
1018 
1019     void testUnreflectSpecial(Class<?> defc, Class<?> rcvc, Class<?> ret, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
1020         for (Object[] ac : accessCases(defc, name, true)) {
1021             Class<?> specialCaller = rcvc;
1022             testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(specialCaller, (Boolean)ac[0], (Lookup)ac[1], defc, rcvc, ret, name, params);
1023         }
1024     }
1025 
1026     @Test
1027     public void testUnreflectSpecial() throws Throwable {
1028         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testUnreflectSpecial0);
1029     }
1030 
1031     public void testUnreflectSpecial0() throws Throwable {
1032         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1033         startTest("unreflectSpecial");
1034         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class,    Example.class, void.class, "v0");
1035         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class, SubExample.class, void.class, "v0");
1036         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class,    Example.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
1037         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class, SubExample.class, void.class, "pkg_v0");
1038         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class,    Example.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
1039         testUnreflectSpecial(Example.class, SubExample.class, Object.class, "v2", int.class, int.class);
1040         testUnreflectMaybeSpecial(Example.class, false, PRIVATE, Example.class, Example.class, void.class, "s0");
1041     }
1042 
1043     public static class HasFields {
1044         boolean fZ = false;
1045         byte fB = (byte)'B';
1046         short fS = (short)'S';
1047         char fC = 'C';
1048         int fI = 'I';
1049         long fJ = 'J';
1050         float fF = 'F';
1051         double fD = 'D';
1052         static boolean sZ = true;
1053         static byte sB = 1+(byte)'B';
1054         static short sS = 1+(short)'S';
1055         static char sC = 1+'C';
1056         static int sI = 1+'I';
1057         static long sJ = 1+'J';
1058         static float sF = 1+'F';
1059         static double sD = 1+'D';
1060 
1061         Object fL = 'L';
1062         String fR = "R";
1063         static Object sL = 'M';
1064         static String sR = "S";
1065 
1066         static final Object[][] CASES;
1067         static {
1068             ArrayList<Object[]> cases = new ArrayList<>();
1069             Object types[][] = {
1070                 {'L',Object.class}, {'R',String.class},
1071                 {'I',int.class}, {'J',long.class},
1072                 {'F',float.class}, {'D',double.class},
1073                 {'Z',boolean.class}, {'B',byte.class},
1074                 {'S',short.class}, {'C',char.class},
1075             };
1076             HasFields fields = new HasFields();
1077             for (Object[] t : types) {
1078                 for (int kind = 0; kind <= 1; kind++) {
1079                     boolean isStatic = (kind != 0);
1080                     char btc = (Character)t[0];
1081                     String name = (isStatic ? "s" : "f") + btc;
1082                     Class<?> type = (Class<?>) t[1];
1083                     Object value;
1084                     Field field;
1085                         try {
1086                         field = HasFields.class.getDeclaredField(name);
1087                     } catch (NoSuchFieldException | SecurityException ex) {
1088                         throw new InternalError("no field HasFields."+name);
1089                     }
1090                     try {
1091                         value = field.get(fields);
1092                     } catch (IllegalArgumentException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
1093                         throw new InternalError("cannot fetch field HasFields."+name);
1094                     }
1095                     if (type == float.class) {
1096                         float v = 'F';
1097                         if (isStatic)  v++;
1098                         assertTrue(value.equals(v));
1099                     }
1100                     assertTrue(name.equals(field.getName()));
1101                     assertTrue(type.equals(field.getType()));
1102                     assertTrue(isStatic == (Modifier.isStatic(field.getModifiers())));
1103                     cases.add(new Object[]{ field, value });
1104                 }
1105             }
1106             cases.add(new Object[]{ new Object[]{ false, HasFields.class, "bogus_fD", double.class }, Error.class });
1107             cases.add(new Object[]{ new Object[]{ true,  HasFields.class, "bogus_sL", Object.class }, Error.class });
1108             CASES = cases.toArray(new Object[0][]);
1109         }
1110     }
1111 
1112     static final int TEST_UNREFLECT = 1, TEST_FIND_FIELD = 2, TEST_FIND_STATIC = 3, TEST_SETTER = 0x10, TEST_BOUND = 0x20, TEST_NPE = 0x40;
1113     static boolean testModeMatches(int testMode, boolean isStatic) {
1114         switch (testMode) {
1115         case TEST_FIND_STATIC:          return isStatic;
1116         case TEST_FIND_FIELD:           return !isStatic;
1117         case TEST_UNREFLECT:            return true;  // unreflect matches both
1118         }
1119         throw new InternalError("testMode="+testMode);
1120     }
1121 
1122     @Test
1123     public void testUnreflectGetter() throws Throwable {
1124         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testUnreflectGetter0);
1125     }
1126 
1127     public void testUnreflectGetter0() throws Throwable {
1128         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1129         startTest("unreflectGetter");
1130         testGetter(TEST_UNREFLECT);
1131     }
1132 
1133     @Test
1134     public void testFindGetter() throws Throwable {
1135         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindGetter0);
1136     }
1137 
1138     public void testFindGetter0() throws Throwable {
1139         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1140         startTest("findGetter");
1141         testGetter(TEST_FIND_FIELD);
1142         testGetter(TEST_FIND_FIELD | TEST_BOUND);
1143     }
1144 
1145     @Test
1146     public void testFindStaticGetter() throws Throwable {
1147         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindStaticGetter0);
1148     }
1149 
1150     public void testFindStaticGetter0() throws Throwable {
1151         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1152         startTest("findStaticGetter");
1153         testGetter(TEST_FIND_STATIC);
1154     }
1155 
1156     public void testGetter(int testMode) throws Throwable {
1157         Lookup lookup = PRIVATE;  // FIXME: test more lookups than this one
1158         for (Object[] c : HasFields.CASES) {
1159             boolean positive = (c[1] != Error.class);
1160             testGetter(positive, lookup, c[0], c[1], testMode);
1161             if (positive)
1162                 testGetter(positive, lookup, c[0], c[1], testMode | TEST_NPE);
1163         }
1164         testGetter(true, lookup,
1165                    new Object[]{ true,  System.class, "out", java.io.PrintStream.class },
1166                    System.out, testMode);
1167         for (int isStaticN = 0; isStaticN <= 1; isStaticN++) {
1168             testGetter(false, lookup,
1169                        new Object[]{ (isStaticN != 0), System.class, "bogus", char.class },
1170                        null, testMode);
1171         }
1172     }
1173     public void testGetter(boolean positive, MethodHandles.Lookup lookup,
1174                            Object fieldRef, Object value, int testMode) throws Throwable {
1175         testAccessor(positive, lookup, fieldRef, value, testMode);
1176     }
1177 
1178     public void testAccessor(boolean positive0, MethodHandles.Lookup lookup,
1179                              Object fieldRef, Object value, int testMode0) throws Throwable {
1180         if (verbosity >= 4)
1181             System.out.println("testAccessor"+Arrays.deepToString(new Object[]{positive0, lookup, fieldRef, value, testMode0}));
1182         boolean isGetter = ((testMode0 & TEST_SETTER) == 0);
1183         boolean doBound  = ((testMode0 & TEST_BOUND) != 0);
1184         boolean testNPE  = ((testMode0 & TEST_NPE) != 0);
1185         int testMode = testMode0 & ~(TEST_SETTER | TEST_BOUND | TEST_NPE);
1186         boolean positive = positive0 && !testNPE;
1187         boolean isStatic;
1188         Class<?> fclass;
1189         String   fname;
1190         Class<?> ftype;
1191         Field f = (fieldRef instanceof Field ? (Field)fieldRef : null);
1192         if (f != null) {
1193             isStatic = Modifier.isStatic(f.getModifiers());
1194             fclass   = f.getDeclaringClass();
1195             fname    = f.getName();
1196             ftype    = f.getType();
1197         } else {
1198             Object[] scnt = (Object[]) fieldRef;
1199             isStatic = (Boolean)  scnt[0];
1200             fclass   = (Class<?>) scnt[1];
1201             fname    = (String)   scnt[2];
1202             ftype    = (Class<?>) scnt[3];
1203             try {
1204                 f = fclass.getDeclaredField(fname);
1205             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
1206                 f = null;
1207             }
1208         }
1209         if (!testModeMatches(testMode, isStatic))  return;
1210         if (f == null && testMode == TEST_UNREFLECT)  return;
1211         if (testNPE && isStatic)  return;
1212         countTest(positive);
1213         MethodType expType;
1214         if (isGetter)
1215             expType = MethodType.methodType(ftype, HasFields.class);
1216         else
1217             expType = MethodType.methodType(void.class, HasFields.class, ftype);
1218         if (isStatic)  expType = expType.dropParameterTypes(0, 1);
1219         Exception noAccess = null;
1220         MethodHandle mh;
1221         try {
1222             switch (testMode0 & ~(TEST_BOUND | TEST_NPE)) {
1223             case TEST_UNREFLECT:   mh = lookup.unreflectGetter(f);                      break;
1224             case TEST_FIND_FIELD:  mh = lookup.findGetter(fclass, fname, ftype);        break;
1225             case TEST_FIND_STATIC: mh = lookup.findStaticGetter(fclass, fname, ftype);  break;
1226             case TEST_SETTER|
1227                  TEST_UNREFLECT:   mh = lookup.unreflectSetter(f);                      break;
1228             case TEST_SETTER|
1229                  TEST_FIND_FIELD:  mh = lookup.findSetter(fclass, fname, ftype);        break;
1230             case TEST_SETTER|
1231                  TEST_FIND_STATIC: mh = lookup.findStaticSetter(fclass, fname, ftype);  break;
1232             default:
1233                 throw new InternalError("testMode="+testMode);
1234             }
1235         } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
1236             mh = null;
1237             noAccess = ex;
1238             assertExceptionClass(
1239                 (fname.contains("bogus"))
1240                 ?   NoSuchFieldException.class
1241                 :   IllegalAccessException.class,
1242                 noAccess);
1243             if (verbosity >= 5)  ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
1244         }
1245         if (verbosity >= 3)
1246             System.out.println("find"+(isStatic?"Static":"")+(isGetter?"Getter":"Setter")+" "+fclass.getName()+"."+fname+"/"+ftype
1247                                +" => "+mh
1248                                +(noAccess == null ? "" : " !! "+noAccess));
1249         if (positive && !testNPE && noAccess != null)  throw new RuntimeException(noAccess);
1250         assertEquals(positive0 ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive0, mh != null);
1251         if (!positive && !testNPE)  return; // negative access test failed as expected
1252         assertEquals((isStatic ? 0 : 1)+(isGetter ? 0 : 1), mh.type().parameterCount());
1253 
1254 
1255         assertSame(mh.type(), expType);
1256         //assertNameStringContains(mh, fname);  // This does not hold anymore with LFs
1257         HasFields fields = new HasFields();
1258         HasFields fieldsForMH = fields;
1259         if (testNPE)  fieldsForMH = null;  // perturb MH argument to elicit expected error
1260         if (doBound)
1261             mh = mh.bindTo(fieldsForMH);
1262         Object sawValue;
1263         Class<?> vtype = ftype;
1264         if (ftype != int.class)  vtype = Object.class;
1265         if (isGetter) {
1266             mh = mh.asType(mh.type().generic()
1267                            .changeReturnType(vtype));
1268         } else {
1269             int last = mh.type().parameterCount() - 1;
1270             mh = mh.asType(mh.type().generic()
1271                            .changeReturnType(void.class)
1272                            .changeParameterType(last, vtype));
1273         }
1274         if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class) {
1275             assertEquals(f.get(fields), value);  // clean to start with
1276         }
1277         Throwable caughtEx = null;
1278         if (isGetter) {
1279             Object expValue = value;
1280             for (int i = 0; i <= 1; i++) {
1281                 sawValue = null;  // make DA rules happy under try/catch
1282                 try {
1283                     if (isStatic || doBound) {
1284                         if (ftype == int.class)
1285                             sawValue = (int) mh.invokeExact();  // do these exactly
1286                         else
1287                             sawValue = mh.invokeExact();
1288                     } else {
1289                         if (ftype == int.class)
1290                             sawValue = (int) mh.invokeExact((Object) fieldsForMH);
1291                         else
1292                             sawValue = mh.invokeExact((Object) fieldsForMH);
1293                     }
1294                 } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
1295                     if (ex instanceof NullPointerException && testNPE) {
1296                         caughtEx = ex;
1297                         break;
1298                     }
1299                 }
1300                 assertEquals(sawValue, expValue);
1301                 if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class
1302                     && !Modifier.isFinal(f.getModifiers())) {
1303                     Object random = randomArg(ftype);
1304                     f.set(fields, random);
1305                     expValue = random;
1306                 } else {
1307                     break;
1308                 }
1309             }
1310         } else {
1311             for (int i = 0; i <= 1; i++) {
1312                 Object putValue = randomArg(ftype);
1313                 try {
1314                     if (isStatic || doBound) {
1315                         if (ftype == int.class)
1316                             mh.invokeExact((int)putValue);  // do these exactly
1317                         else
1318                             mh.invokeExact(putValue);
1319                     } else {
1320                         if (ftype == int.class)
1321                             mh.invokeExact((Object) fieldsForMH, (int)putValue);
1322                         else
1323                             mh.invokeExact((Object) fieldsForMH, putValue);
1324                     }
1325                 } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
1326                     if (ex instanceof NullPointerException && testNPE) {
1327                         caughtEx = ex;
1328                         break;
1329                     }
1330                 }
1331                 if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class) {
1332                     assertEquals(f.get(fields), putValue);
1333                 }
1334             }
1335         }
1336         if (f != null && f.getDeclaringClass() == HasFields.class) {
1337             f.set(fields, value);  // put it back
1338         }
1339         if (testNPE) {
1340             if (caughtEx == null || !(caughtEx instanceof NullPointerException))
1341                 throw new RuntimeException("failed to catch NPE exception"+(caughtEx == null ? " (caughtEx=null)" : ""), caughtEx);
1342             caughtEx = null;  // nullify expected exception
1343         }
1344         if (caughtEx != null) {
1345             throw new RuntimeException("unexpected exception", caughtEx);
1346         }
1347     }
1348 
1349     @Test
1350     public void testUnreflectSetter() throws Throwable {
1351         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testUnreflectSetter0);
1352     }
1353 
1354     public void testUnreflectSetter0() throws Throwable {
1355         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1356         startTest("unreflectSetter");
1357         testSetter(TEST_UNREFLECT);
1358     }
1359 
1360     @Test
1361     public void testFindSetter() throws Throwable {
1362         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindSetter0);
1363     }
1364 
1365     public void testFindSetter0() throws Throwable {
1366         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1367         startTest("findSetter");
1368         testSetter(TEST_FIND_FIELD);
1369         testSetter(TEST_FIND_FIELD | TEST_BOUND);
1370     }
1371 
1372     @Test
1373     public void testFindStaticSetter() throws Throwable {
1374         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFindStaticSetter0);
1375     }
1376 
1377     public void testFindStaticSetter0() throws Throwable {
1378         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1379         startTest("findStaticSetter");
1380         testSetter(TEST_FIND_STATIC);
1381     }
1382 
1383     public void testSetter(int testMode) throws Throwable {
1384         Lookup lookup = PRIVATE;  // FIXME: test more lookups than this one
1385         startTest("unreflectSetter");
1386         for (Object[] c : HasFields.CASES) {
1387             boolean positive = (c[1] != Error.class);
1388             testSetter(positive, lookup, c[0], c[1], testMode);
1389             if (positive)
1390                 testSetter(positive, lookup, c[0], c[1], testMode | TEST_NPE);
1391         }
1392         for (int isStaticN = 0; isStaticN <= 1; isStaticN++) {
1393             testSetter(false, lookup,
1394                        new Object[]{ (isStaticN != 0), System.class, "bogus", char.class },
1395                        null, testMode);
1396         }
1397     }
1398     public void testSetter(boolean positive, MethodHandles.Lookup lookup,
1399                            Object fieldRef, Object value, int testMode) throws Throwable {
1400         testAccessor(positive, lookup, fieldRef, value, testMode | TEST_SETTER);
1401     }
1402 
1403     @Test
1404     public void testArrayElementGetter() throws Throwable {
1405         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testArrayElementGetter0);
1406     }
1407 
1408     public void testArrayElementGetter0() throws Throwable {
1409         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1410         startTest("arrayElementGetter");
1411         testArrayElementGetterSetter(false);
1412     }
1413 
1414     @Test
1415     public void testArrayElementSetter() throws Throwable {
1416         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testArrayElementSetter0);
1417     }
1418 
1419     public void testArrayElementSetter0() throws Throwable {
1420         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1421         startTest("arrayElementSetter");
1422         testArrayElementGetterSetter(true);
1423     }
1424 
1425     private static final int TEST_ARRAY_NONE = 0, TEST_ARRAY_NPE = 1, TEST_ARRAY_OOB = 2, TEST_ARRAY_ASE = 3;
1426 
1427     public void testArrayElementGetterSetter(boolean testSetter) throws Throwable {
1428         testArrayElementGetterSetter(testSetter, TEST_ARRAY_NONE);
1429     }
1430 
1431     @Test
1432     public void testArrayElementErrors() throws Throwable {
1433         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testArrayElementErrors0);
1434     }
1435 
1436     public void testArrayElementErrors0() throws Throwable {
1437         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1438         startTest("arrayElementErrors");
1439         testArrayElementGetterSetter(false, TEST_ARRAY_NPE);
1440         testArrayElementGetterSetter(true, TEST_ARRAY_NPE);
1441         testArrayElementGetterSetter(false, TEST_ARRAY_OOB);
1442         testArrayElementGetterSetter(true, TEST_ARRAY_OOB);
1443         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new Object[10], true, TEST_ARRAY_ASE);
1444         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new Example[10], true, TEST_ARRAY_ASE);
1445         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new IntExample[10], true, TEST_ARRAY_ASE);
1446     }
1447 
1448     public void testArrayElementGetterSetter(boolean testSetter, int negTest) throws Throwable {
1449         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new String[10], testSetter, negTest);
1450         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new Iterable<?>[10], testSetter, negTest);
1451         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new Example[10], testSetter, negTest);
1452         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new IntExample[10], testSetter, negTest);
1453         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new Object[10], testSetter, negTest);
1454         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new boolean[10], testSetter, negTest);
1455         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new byte[10], testSetter, negTest);
1456         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new char[10], testSetter, negTest);
1457         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new short[10], testSetter, negTest);
1458         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new int[10], testSetter, negTest);
1459         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new float[10], testSetter, negTest);
1460         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new long[10], testSetter, negTest);
1461         testArrayElementGetterSetter(new double[10], testSetter, negTest);
1462     }
1463 
1464     public void testArrayElementGetterSetter(Object array, boolean testSetter, int negTest) throws Throwable {
1465         boolean positive = (negTest == TEST_ARRAY_NONE);
1466         int length = java.lang.reflect.Array.getLength(array);
1467         Class<?> arrayType = array.getClass();
1468         Class<?> elemType = arrayType.getComponentType();
1469         Object arrayToMH = array;
1470         // this stanza allows negative tests to make argument perturbations:
1471         switch (negTest) {
1472         case TEST_ARRAY_NPE:
1473             arrayToMH = null;
1474             break;
1475         case TEST_ARRAY_OOB:
1476             assert(length > 0);
1477             arrayToMH = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(elemType, 0);
1478             break;
1479         case TEST_ARRAY_ASE:
1480             assert(testSetter && !elemType.isPrimitive());
1481             if (elemType == Object.class)
1482                 arrayToMH = new StringBuffer[length];  // very random subclass of Object!
1483             else if (elemType == Example.class)
1484                 arrayToMH = new SubExample[length];
1485             else if (elemType == IntExample.class)
1486                 arrayToMH = new SubIntExample[length];
1487             else
1488                 return;  // can't make an ArrayStoreException test
1489             assert(arrayType.isInstance(arrayToMH))
1490                 : Arrays.asList(arrayType, arrayToMH.getClass(), testSetter, negTest);
1491             break;
1492         }
1493         countTest(positive);
1494         if (verbosity > 2)  System.out.println("array type = "+array.getClass().getComponentType().getName()+"["+length+"]"+(positive ? "" : " negative test #"+negTest+" using "+Arrays.deepToString(new Object[]{arrayToMH})));
1495         MethodType expType = !testSetter
1496                 ? MethodType.methodType(elemType,   arrayType, int.class)
1497                 : MethodType.methodType(void.class, arrayType, int.class, elemType);
1498         MethodHandle mh = !testSetter
1499                 ? MethodHandles.arrayElementGetter(arrayType)
1500                 : MethodHandles.arrayElementSetter(arrayType);
1501         assertSame(mh.type(), expType);
1502         if (elemType != int.class && elemType != boolean.class) {
1503             MethodType gtype = mh.type().generic().changeParameterType(1, int.class);
1504             if (testSetter)  gtype = gtype.changeReturnType(void.class);
1505             mh = mh.asType(gtype);
1506         }
1507         Object sawValue, expValue;
1508         List<Object> model = array2list(array);
1509         Throwable caughtEx = null;
1510         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++) {
1511             // update array element
1512             Object random = randomArg(elemType);
1513             model.set(i, random);
1514             if (testSetter) {
1515                 try {
1516                     if (elemType == int.class)
1517                         mh.invokeExact((int[]) arrayToMH, i, (int)random);
1518                     else if (elemType == boolean.class)
1519                         mh.invokeExact((boolean[]) arrayToMH, i, (boolean)random);
1520                     else
1521                         mh.invokeExact(arrayToMH, i, random);
1522                 } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
1523                     caughtEx = ex;
1524                     break;
1525                 }
1526                 assertEquals(model, array2list(array));
1527             } else {
1528                 Array.set(array, i, random);
1529             }
1530             if (verbosity >= 5) {
1531                 List<Object> array2list = array2list(array);
1532                 System.out.println("a["+i+"]="+random+" => "+array2list);
1533                 if (!array2list.equals(model))
1534                     System.out.println("***   != "+model);
1535             }
1536             // observe array element
1537             sawValue = Array.get(array, i);
1538             if (!testSetter) {
1539                 expValue = sawValue;
1540                 try {
1541                     if (elemType == int.class)
1542                         sawValue = (int) mh.invokeExact((int[]) arrayToMH, i);
1543                     else if (elemType == boolean.class)
1544                         sawValue = (boolean) mh.invokeExact((boolean[]) arrayToMH, i);
1545                     else
1546                         sawValue = mh.invokeExact(arrayToMH, i);
1547                 } catch (RuntimeException ex) {
1548                     caughtEx = ex;
1549                     break;
1550                 }
1551                 assertEquals(sawValue, expValue);
1552                 assertEquals(model, array2list(array));
1553             }
1554         }
1555         if (!positive) {
1556             if (caughtEx == null)
1557                 throw new RuntimeException("failed to catch exception for negTest="+negTest);
1558             // test the kind of exception
1559             Class<?> reqType = null;
1560             switch (negTest) {
1561             case TEST_ARRAY_ASE:  reqType = ArrayStoreException.class; break;
1562             case TEST_ARRAY_OOB:  reqType = ArrayIndexOutOfBoundsException.class; break;
1563             case TEST_ARRAY_NPE:  reqType = NullPointerException.class; break;
1564             default:              assert(false);
1565             }
1566             if (reqType.isInstance(caughtEx)) {
1567                 caughtEx = null;  // nullify expected exception
1568             }
1569         }
1570         if (caughtEx != null) {
1571             throw new RuntimeException("unexpected exception", caughtEx);
1572         }
1573     }
1574 
1575     List<Object> array2list(Object array) {
1576         int length = Array.getLength(array);
1577         ArrayList<Object> model = new ArrayList<>(length);
1578         for (int i = 0; i < length; i++)
1579             model.add(Array.get(array, i));
1580         return model;
1581     }
1582 
1583     static class Callee {
1584         static Object id() { return called("id"); }
1585         static Object id(Object x) { return called("id", x); }
1586         static Object id(Object x, Object y) { return called("id", x, y); }
1587         static Object id(Object x, Object y, Object z) { return called("id", x, y, z); }
1588         static Object id(Object... vx) { return called("id", vx); }
1589         static MethodHandle ofType(int n) {
1590             return ofType(Object.class, n);
1591         }
1592         static MethodHandle ofType(Class<?> rtype, int n) {
1593             if (n == -1)
1594                 return ofType(MethodType.methodType(rtype, Object[].class));
1595             return ofType(MethodType.genericMethodType(n).changeReturnType(rtype));
1596         }
1597         static MethodHandle ofType(Class<?> rtype, Class<?>... ptypes) {
1598             return ofType(MethodType.methodType(rtype, ptypes));
1599         }
1600         static MethodHandle ofType(MethodType type) {
1601             Class<?> rtype = type.returnType();
1602             String pfx = "";
1603             if (rtype != Object.class)
1604                 pfx = rtype.getSimpleName().substring(0, 1).toLowerCase();
1605             String name = pfx+"id";
1606             try {
1607                 return PRIVATE.findStatic(Callee.class, name, type);
1608             } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
1609                 throw new RuntimeException(ex);
1610             }
1611         }
1612     }
1613 
1614     @Test
1615     public void testConvertArguments() throws Throwable {
1616         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testConvertArguments0);
1617     }
1618 
1619     public void testConvertArguments0() throws Throwable {
1620         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1621         startTest("convertArguments");
1622         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", int.class);
1623         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", String.class);
1624         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", Integer.class);
1625         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", short.class);
1626         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", char.class);
1627         testConvert(Callee.ofType(1), null, "id", byte.class);
1628     }
1629 
1630     void testConvert(MethodHandle id, Class<?> rtype, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
1631         testConvert(true, id, rtype, name, params);
1632     }
1633 
1634     void testConvert(boolean positive,
1635                      MethodHandle id, Class<?> rtype, String name, Class<?>... params) throws Throwable {
1636         countTest(positive);
1637         MethodType idType = id.type();
1638         if (rtype == null)  rtype = idType.returnType();
1639         for (int i = 0; i < params.length; i++) {
1640             if (params[i] == null)  params[i] = idType.parameterType(i);
1641         }
1642         // simulate the pairwise conversion
1643         MethodType newType = MethodType.methodType(rtype, params);
1644         Object[] args = randomArgs(newType.parameterArray());
1645         Object[] convArgs = args.clone();
1646         for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++) {
1647             Class<?> src = newType.parameterType(i);
1648             Class<?> dst = idType.parameterType(i);
1649             if (src != dst)
1650                 convArgs[i] = castToWrapper(convArgs[i], dst);
1651         }
1652         Object convResult = id.invokeWithArguments(convArgs);
1653         {
1654             Class<?> dst = newType.returnType();
1655             Class<?> src = idType.returnType();
1656             if (src != dst)
1657                 convResult = castToWrapper(convResult, dst);
1658         }
1659         MethodHandle target = null;
1660         RuntimeException error = null;
1661         try {
1662             target = id.asType(newType);
1663         } catch (WrongMethodTypeException ex) {
1664             error = ex;
1665         }
1666         if (verbosity >= 3)
1667             System.out.println("convert "+id+ " to "+newType+" => "+target
1668                     +(error == null ? "" : " !! "+error));
1669         if (positive && error != null)  throw error;
1670         assertEquals(positive ? "positive test" : "negative test erroneously passed", positive, target != null);
1671         if (!positive)  return; // negative test failed as expected
1672         assertEquals(newType, target.type());
1673         printCalled(target, id.toString(), args);
1674         Object result = target.invokeWithArguments(args);
1675         assertCalled(name, convArgs);
1676         assertEquals(convResult, result);
1677         if (verbosity >= 1)
1678             System.out.print(':');
1679     }
1680 
1681     @Test
1682     public void testVarargsCollector() throws Throwable {
1683         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testVarargsCollector0);
1684     }
1685 
1686     public void testVarargsCollector0() throws Throwable {
1687         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1688         startTest("varargsCollector");
1689         MethodHandle vac0 = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "called",
1690                                MethodType.methodType(Object.class, String.class, Object[].class));
1691         vac0 = vac0.bindTo("vac");
1692         MethodHandle vac = vac0.asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
1693         testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(0)), null, "vac");
1694         testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(0)), null, "vac");
1695         for (Class<?> at : new Class<?>[] { Object.class, String.class, Integer.class }) {
1696             testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1)), null, "vac", at);
1697             testConvert(true, vac.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(2)), null, "vac", at, at);
1698         }
1699     }
1700 
1701     @Test // SLOW
1702     public void testPermuteArguments() throws Throwable {
1703         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testPermuteArguments0);
1704     }
1705 
1706     public void testPermuteArguments0() throws Throwable {
1707         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1708         startTest("permuteArguments");
1709         testPermuteArguments(4, Integer.class,  2, long.class,    6);
1710         if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY)  return;
1711         testPermuteArguments(4, Integer.class,  2, String.class,  0);
1712         testPermuteArguments(6, Integer.class,  0, null,         30);
1713     }
1714     public void testPermuteArguments(int max, Class<?> type1, int t2c, Class<?> type2, int dilution) throws Throwable {
1715         if (verbosity >= 2)
1716             System.out.println("permuteArguments "+max+"*"+type1.getName()
1717                     +(t2c==0?"":"/"+t2c+"*"+type2.getName())
1718                     +(dilution > 0 ? " with dilution "+dilution : ""));
1719         int t2pos = t2c == 0 ? 0 : 1;
1720         for (int inargs = t2pos+1; inargs <= max; inargs++) {
1721             Class<?>[] types = new Class<?>[inargs];
1722             Arrays.fill(types, type1);
1723             if (t2c != 0) {
1724                 // Fill in a middle range with type2:
1725                 Arrays.fill(types, t2pos, Math.min(t2pos+t2c, inargs), type2);
1726             }
1727             Object[] args = randomArgs(types);
1728             int numcases = 1;
1729             for (int outargs = 0; outargs <= max; outargs++) {
1730                 if (outargs - inargs >= MAX_ARG_INCREASE)  continue;
1731                 int casStep = dilution + 1;
1732                 // Avoid some common factors:
1733                 while ((casStep > 2 && casStep % 2 == 0 && inargs % 2 == 0) ||
1734                        (casStep > 3 && casStep % 3 == 0 && inargs % 3 == 0))
1735                     casStep++;
1736                 testPermuteArguments(args, types, outargs, numcases, casStep);
1737                 numcases *= inargs;
1738                 if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && outargs < max-2)  continue;
1739                 if (dilution > 10 && outargs >= 4) {
1740                     if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY)  continue;
1741                     int[] reorder = new int[outargs];
1742                     // Do some special patterns, which we probably missed.
1743                     // Replication of a single argument or argument pair.
1744                     for (int i = 0; i < inargs; i++) {
1745                         Arrays.fill(reorder, i);
1746                         testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1747                         for (int d = 1; d <= 2; d++) {
1748                             if (i + d >= inargs)  continue;
1749                             for (int j = 1; j < outargs; j += 2)
1750                                 reorder[j] += 1;
1751                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1752                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reverse(reorder));
1753                         }
1754                     }
1755                     // Repetition of a sequence of 3 or more arguments.
1756                     for (int i = 1; i < inargs; i++) {
1757                         for (int len = 3; len <= inargs; len++) {
1758                             for (int j = 0; j < outargs; j++)
1759                                 reorder[j] = (i + (j % len)) % inargs;
1760                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1761                             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reverse(reorder));
1762                         }
1763                     }
1764                 }
1765             }
1766         }
1767     }
1768 
1769     public void testPermuteArguments(Object[] args, Class<?>[] types,
1770                                      int outargs, int numcases, int casStep) throws Throwable {
1771         int inargs = args.length;
1772         int[] reorder = new int[outargs];
1773         for (int cas = 0; cas < numcases; cas += casStep) {
1774             for (int i = 0, c = cas; i < outargs; i++) {
1775                 reorder[i] = c % inargs;
1776                 c /= inargs;
1777             }
1778             if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && outargs >= 3 && (reorder[0] == reorder[1] || reorder[1] == reorder[2]))  continue;
1779             testPermuteArguments(args, types, reorder);
1780         }
1781     }
1782 
1783     static int[] reverse(int[] reorder) {
1784         reorder = reorder.clone();
1785         for (int i = 0, imax = reorder.length / 2; i < imax; i++) {
1786             int j = reorder.length - 1 - i;
1787             int tem = reorder[i];
1788             reorder[i] = reorder[j];
1789             reorder[j] = tem;
1790         }
1791         return reorder;
1792     }
1793 
1794     void testPermuteArguments(Object[] args, Class<?>[] types, int[] reorder) throws Throwable {
1795         countTest();
1796         if (args == null && types == null) {
1797             int max = 0;
1798             for (int j : reorder) {
1799                 if (max < j)  max = j;
1800             }
1801             args = randomArgs(max+1, Integer.class);
1802         }
1803         if (args == null) {
1804             args = randomArgs(types);
1805         }
1806         if (types == null) {
1807             types = new Class<?>[args.length];
1808             for (int i = 0; i < args.length; i++)
1809                 types[i] = args[i].getClass();
1810         }
1811         int inargs = args.length, outargs = reorder.length;
1812         assertTrue(inargs == types.length);
1813         if (verbosity >= 3)
1814             System.out.println("permuteArguments "+Arrays.toString(reorder));
1815         Object[] permArgs = new Object[outargs];
1816         Class<?>[] permTypes = new Class<?>[outargs];
1817         for (int i = 0; i < outargs; i++) {
1818             permArgs[i] = args[reorder[i]];
1819             permTypes[i] = types[reorder[i]];
1820         }
1821         if (verbosity >= 4) {
1822             System.out.println("in args:   "+Arrays.asList(args));
1823             System.out.println("out args:  "+Arrays.asList(permArgs));
1824             System.out.println("in types:  "+Arrays.asList(types));
1825             System.out.println("out types: "+Arrays.asList(permTypes));
1826         }
1827         MethodType inType  = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, types);
1828         MethodType outType = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, permTypes);
1829         MethodHandle target = varargsList(outargs).asType(outType);
1830         MethodHandle newTarget = MethodHandles.permuteArguments(target, inType, reorder);
1831         if (verbosity >= 5)  System.out.println("newTarget = "+newTarget);
1832         Object result = newTarget.invokeWithArguments(args);
1833         Object expected = Arrays.asList(permArgs);
1834         if (!expected.equals(result)) {
1835             System.out.println("*** failed permuteArguments "+Arrays.toString(reorder)+" types="+Arrays.asList(types));
1836             System.out.println("in args:   "+Arrays.asList(args));
1837             System.out.println("out args:  "+expected);
1838             System.out.println("bad args:  "+result);
1839         }
1840         assertEquals(expected, result);
1841     }
1842 
1843 
1844     @Test // SLOW
1845     public void testSpreadArguments() throws Throwable {
1846         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testSpreadArguments0);
1847         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testSpreadArguments1);
1848     }
1849 
1850     public void testSpreadArguments0() throws Throwable {
1851         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1852         startTest("spreadArguments");
1853         for (Class<?> argType : new Class<?>[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
1854             if (verbosity >= 3)
1855                 System.out.println("spreadArguments "+argType);
1856             Class<?> arrayType = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(argType, 0).getClass();
1857             for (int nargs = 0; nargs < 50; nargs++) {
1858                 if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && nargs > 11)  break;
1859                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
1860                     if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && pos > 2 && pos < nargs-2)  continue;
1861                     if (nargs > 10 && pos > 4 && pos < nargs-4 && pos % 10 != 3)
1862                         continue;
1863                     testSpreadArguments(argType, arrayType, pos, nargs);
1864                 }
1865             }
1866         }
1867     }
1868     public void testSpreadArguments(Class<?> argType, Class<?> arrayType, int pos, int nargs) throws Throwable {
1869         countTest();
1870         MethodHandle target2 = varargsArray(arrayType, nargs);
1871         MethodHandle target = target2.asType(target2.type().generic());
1872         if (verbosity >= 3)
1873             System.out.println("spread into "+target2+" ["+pos+".."+nargs+"]");
1874         Object[] args = randomArgs(target2.type().parameterArray());
1875         // make sure the target does what we think it does:
1876         checkTarget(argType, pos, nargs, target, args);
1877         List<Class<?>> newParams = new ArrayList<>(target2.type().parameterList());
1878         {   // modify newParams in place
1879             List<Class<?>> spreadParams = newParams.subList(pos, nargs);
1880             spreadParams.clear(); spreadParams.add(arrayType);
1881         }
1882         MethodType newType = MethodType.methodType(arrayType, newParams);
1883         MethodHandle result = target2.asSpreader(arrayType, nargs-pos);
1884         assert(result.type() == newType) : Arrays.asList(result, newType);
1885         result = result.asType(newType.generic());
1886         Object returnValue;
1887         if (pos == 0) {
1888             Object args2 = ValueConversions.changeArrayType(arrayType, Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, args.length));
1889             returnValue = result.invokeExact(args2);
1890         } else {
1891             Object[] args1 = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 0, pos+1);
1892             args1[pos] = ValueConversions.changeArrayType(arrayType, Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, args.length));
1893             returnValue = result.invokeWithArguments(args1);
1894         }
1895         checkReturnValue(argType, args, result, returnValue);
1896     }
1897     public void testSpreadArguments1() throws Throwable {
1898         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
1899         startTest("spreadArguments/pos");
1900         for (Class<?> argType : new Class<?>[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
1901             if (verbosity >= 3)
1902                 System.out.println("spreadArguments "+argType);
1903             Class<?> arrayType = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(argType, 0).getClass();
1904             for (int nargs = 0; nargs < 50; nargs++) {
1905                 if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && nargs > 11)  break;
1906                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
1907                     if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && pos > 2 && pos < nargs-2)  continue;
1908                     if (nargs > 10 && pos > 4 && pos < nargs-4 && pos % 10 != 3)
1909                         continue;
1910                     for (int spr = 1; spr < nargs - pos; ++spr) {
1911                         if (spr > 4 && spr != 7 && spr != 11 && spr != 20 && spr < nargs - pos - 4) continue;
1912                         testSpreadArguments(argType, arrayType, pos, spr, nargs);
1913                     }
1914                 }
1915             }
1916         }
1917     }
1918     public void testSpreadArguments(Class<?> argType, Class<?> arrayType, int pos, int spread, int nargs) throws Throwable {
1919         countTest();
1920         MethodHandle target2 = varargsArray(arrayType, nargs);
1921         MethodHandle target = target2.asType(target2.type().generic());
1922         if (verbosity >= 3)
1923             System.out.println("spread into " + target2 + " [" + pos + ".." + (pos + spread) + "[");
1924         Object[] args = randomArgs(target2.type().parameterArray());
1925         // make sure the target does what we think it does:
1926         checkTarget(argType, pos, nargs, target, args);
1927         List<Class<?>> newParams = new ArrayList<>(target2.type().parameterList());
1928         {   // modify newParams in place
1929             List<Class<?>> spreadParams = newParams.subList(pos, pos + spread);
1930             spreadParams.clear();
1931             spreadParams.add(arrayType);
1932         }
1933         MethodType newType = MethodType.methodType(arrayType, newParams);
1934         MethodHandle result = target2.asSpreader(pos, arrayType, spread);
1935         assert (result.type() == newType) : Arrays.asList(result, newType);
1936         result = result.asType(newType.generic());
1937         // args1 has nargs-spread entries, plus one for the to-be-spread array
1938         int args1Length = nargs - (spread - 1);
1939         Object[] args1 = new Object[args1Length];
1940         System.arraycopy(args, 0, args1, 0, pos);
1941         args1[pos] = ValueConversions.changeArrayType(arrayType, Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, pos + spread));
1942         System.arraycopy(args, pos + spread, args1, pos + 1, nargs - spread - pos);
1943         Object returnValue = result.invokeWithArguments(args1);
1944         checkReturnValue(argType, args, result, returnValue);
1945     }
1946     private static void checkTarget(Class<?> argType, int pos, int nargs, MethodHandle target, Object[] args) throws Throwable {
1947         if (pos == 0 && nargs < 5 && !argType.isPrimitive()) {
1948             Object[] check = (Object[]) target.invokeWithArguments(args);
1949             assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1950             switch (nargs) {
1951                 case 0:
1952                     check = (Object[]) (Object) target.invokeExact();
1953                     assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1954                     break;
1955                 case 1:
1956                     check = (Object[]) (Object) target.invokeExact(args[0]);
1957                     assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1958                     break;
1959                 case 2:
1960                     check = (Object[]) (Object) target.invokeExact(args[0], args[1]);
1961                     assertArrayEquals(args, check);
1962                     break;
1963             }
1964         }
1965     }
1966     private static void checkReturnValue(Class<?> argType, Object[] args, MethodHandle result, Object returnValue) {
1967         String argstr = Arrays.toString(args);
1968         if (!argType.isPrimitive()) {
1969             Object[] rv = (Object[]) returnValue;
1970             String rvs = Arrays.toString(rv);
1971             if (!Arrays.equals(args, rv)) {
1972                 System.out.println("method:   "+result);
1973                 System.out.println("expected: "+argstr);
1974                 System.out.println("returned: "+rvs);
1975                 assertArrayEquals(args, rv);
1976             }
1977         } else if (argType == int.class) {
1978             String rvs = Arrays.toString((int[]) returnValue);
1979             if (!argstr.equals(rvs)) {
1980                 System.out.println("method:   "+result);
1981                 System.out.println("expected: "+argstr);
1982                 System.out.println("returned: "+rvs);
1983                 assertEquals(argstr, rvs);
1984             }
1985         } else if (argType == long.class) {
1986             String rvs = Arrays.toString((long[]) returnValue);
1987             if (!argstr.equals(rvs)) {
1988                 System.out.println("method:   "+result);
1989                 System.out.println("expected: "+argstr);
1990                 System.out.println("returned: "+rvs);
1991                 assertEquals(argstr, rvs);
1992             }
1993         } else {
1994             // cannot test...
1995         }
1996     }
1997 
1998     @Test // SLOW
1999     public void testAsCollector() throws Throwable {
2000         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testAsCollector0);
2001         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testAsCollector1);
2002     }
2003 
2004     public void testAsCollector0() throws Throwable {
2005         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2006         startTest("asCollector");
2007         for (Class<?> argType : new Class<?>[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
2008             if (verbosity >= 3)
2009                 System.out.println("asCollector "+argType);
2010             for (int nargs = 0; nargs < 50; nargs++) {
2011                 if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && nargs > 11)  break;
2012                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
2013                     if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && pos > 2 && pos < nargs-2)  continue;
2014                     if (nargs > 10 && pos > 4 && pos < nargs-4 && pos % 10 != 3)
2015                         continue;
2016                     testAsCollector(argType, pos, nargs);
2017                 }
2018             }
2019         }
2020     }
2021     public void testAsCollector(Class<?> argType, int pos, int nargs) throws Throwable {
2022         countTest();
2023         // fake up a MH with the same type as the desired adapter:
2024         MethodHandle fake = varargsArray(nargs);
2025         fake = changeArgTypes(fake, argType);
2026         MethodType newType = fake.type();
2027         Object[] args = randomArgs(newType.parameterArray());
2028         // here is what should happen:
2029         Object[] collectedArgs = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 0, pos+1);
2030         collectedArgs[pos] = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, args.length);
2031         // here is the MH which will witness the collected argument tail:
2032         MethodHandle target = varargsArray(pos+1);
2033         target = changeArgTypes(target, 0, pos, argType);
2034         target = changeArgTypes(target, pos, pos+1, Object[].class);
2035         if (verbosity >= 3)
2036             System.out.println("collect from "+Arrays.asList(args)+" ["+pos+".."+nargs+"]");
2037         MethodHandle result = target.asCollector(Object[].class, nargs-pos).asType(newType);
2038         Object[] returnValue = (Object[]) result.invokeWithArguments(args);
2039 //        assertTrue(returnValue.length == pos+1 && returnValue[pos] instanceof Object[]);
2040 //        returnValue[pos] = Arrays.asList((Object[]) returnValue[pos]);
2041 //        collectedArgs[pos] = Arrays.asList((Object[]) collectedArgs[pos]);
2042         assertArrayEquals(collectedArgs, returnValue);
2043     }
2044     public void testAsCollector1() throws Throwable {
2045         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2046         startTest("asCollector/pos");
2047         for (Class<?> argType : new Class<?>[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
2048             if (verbosity >= 3)
2049                 System.out.println("asCollector/pos "+argType);
2050             for (int nargs = 0; nargs < 50; nargs++) {
2051                 if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && nargs > 11)  break;
2052                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
2053                     if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && pos > 2 && pos < nargs-2)  continue;
2054                     if (nargs > 10 && pos > 4 && pos < nargs-4 && pos % 10 != 3)
2055                         continue;
2056                     for (int coll = 1; coll < nargs - pos; ++coll) {
2057                         if (coll > 4 && coll != 7 && coll != 11 && coll != 20 && coll < nargs - pos - 4) continue;
2058                         testAsCollector(argType, pos, coll, nargs);
2059                     }
2060                 }
2061             }
2062         }
2063     }
2064     public void testAsCollector(Class<?> argType, int pos, int collect, int nargs) throws Throwable {
2065         countTest();
2066         // fake up a MH with the same type as the desired adapter:
2067         MethodHandle fake = varargsArray(nargs);
2068         fake = changeArgTypes(fake, argType);
2069         MethodType newType = fake.type();
2070         Object[] args = randomArgs(newType.parameterArray());
2071         // here is what should happen:
2072         // new arg list has "collect" less arguments, but one extra for collected arguments array
2073         int collectedLength = nargs-(collect-1);
2074         Object[] collectedArgs = new Object[collectedLength];
2075         System.arraycopy(args, 0, collectedArgs, 0, pos);
2076         collectedArgs[pos] = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, pos, pos+collect);
2077         System.arraycopy(args, pos+collect, collectedArgs, pos+1, args.length-(pos+collect));
2078         // here is the MH which will witness the collected argument part (not tail!):
2079         MethodHandle target = varargsArray(collectedLength);
2080         target = changeArgTypes(target, 0, pos, argType);
2081         target = changeArgTypes(target, pos, pos+1, Object[].class);
2082         target = changeArgTypes(target, pos+1, collectedLength, argType);
2083         if (verbosity >= 3)
2084             System.out.println("collect "+collect+" from "+Arrays.asList(args)+" ["+pos+".."+(pos+collect)+"[");
2085         MethodHandle result = target.asCollector(pos, Object[].class, collect).asType(newType);
2086         Object[] returnValue = (Object[]) result.invokeWithArguments(args);
2087         assertArrayEquals(collectedArgs, returnValue);
2088     }
2089 
2090     @Test // SLOW
2091     public void testInsertArguments() throws Throwable {
2092         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testInsertArguments0);
2093     }
2094 
2095     public void testInsertArguments0() throws Throwable {
2096         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2097         startTest("insertArguments");
2098         for (int nargs = 0; nargs < 50; nargs++) {
2099             if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && nargs > 11)  break;
2100             for (int ins = 0; ins <= nargs; ins++) {
2101                 if (nargs > 10 && ins > 4 && ins < nargs-4 && ins % 10 != 3)
2102                     continue;
2103                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
2104                     if (nargs > 10 && pos > 4 && pos < nargs-4 && pos % 10 != 3)
2105                         continue;
2106                     if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && pos > 2 && pos < nargs-2)  continue;
2107                     testInsertArguments(nargs, pos, ins);
2108                 }
2109             }
2110         }
2111     }
2112 
2113     void testInsertArguments(int nargs, int pos, int ins) throws Throwable {
2114         countTest();
2115         MethodHandle target = varargsArray(nargs + ins);
2116         Object[] args = randomArgs(target.type().parameterArray());
2117         List<Object> resList = Arrays.asList(args);
2118         List<Object> argsToPass = new ArrayList<>(resList);
2119         List<Object> argsToInsert = argsToPass.subList(pos, pos + ins);
2120         if (verbosity >= 3)
2121             System.out.println("insert: "+argsToInsert+" @"+pos+" into "+target);
2122         @SuppressWarnings("cast")  // cast to spread Object... is helpful
2123         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.insertArguments(target, pos,
2124                 (Object[]/*...*/) argsToInsert.toArray());
2125         argsToInsert.clear();  // remove from argsToInsert
2126         Object res2 = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
2127         Object res2List = Arrays.asList((Object[])res2);
2128         if (verbosity >= 3)
2129             System.out.println("result: "+res2List);
2130         //if (!resList.equals(res2List))
2131         //    System.out.println("*** fail at n/p/i = "+nargs+"/"+pos+"/"+ins+": "+resList+" => "+res2List);
2132         assertEquals(resList, res2List);
2133     }
2134 
2135     @Test
2136     public void testFilterReturnValue() throws Throwable {
2137         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFilterReturnValue0);
2138     }
2139 
2140     public void testFilterReturnValue0() throws Throwable {
2141         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2142         startTest("filterReturnValue");
2143         Class<?> classOfVCList = varargsList(1).invokeWithArguments(0).getClass();
2144         assertTrue(List.class.isAssignableFrom(classOfVCList));
2145         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 3; nargs++) {
2146             for (Class<?> rtype : new Class<?>[] { Object.class,
2147                                                 List.class,
2148                                                 int.class,
2149                                                 byte.class,
2150                                                 long.class,
2151                                                 CharSequence.class,
2152                                                 String.class }) {
2153                 testFilterReturnValue(nargs, rtype);
2154             }
2155         }
2156     }
2157 
2158     void testFilterReturnValue(int nargs, Class<?> rtype) throws Throwable {
2159         countTest();
2160         MethodHandle target = varargsList(nargs, rtype);
2161         MethodHandle filter;
2162         if (List.class.isAssignableFrom(rtype) || rtype.isAssignableFrom(List.class))
2163             filter = varargsList(1);  // add another layer of list-ness
2164         else
2165             filter = MethodHandles.identity(rtype);
2166         filter = filter.asType(MethodType.methodType(target.type().returnType(), rtype));
2167         Object[] argsToPass = randomArgs(nargs, Object.class);
2168         if (verbosity >= 3)
2169             System.out.println("filter "+target+" to "+rtype.getSimpleName()+" with "+filter);
2170         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(target, filter);
2171         if (verbosity >= 4)
2172             System.out.println("filtered target: "+target2);
2173         // Simulate expected effect of filter on return value:
2174         Object unfiltered = target.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
2175         Object expected = filter.invokeWithArguments(unfiltered);
2176         if (verbosity >= 4)
2177             System.out.println("unfiltered: "+unfiltered+" : "+unfiltered.getClass().getSimpleName());
2178         if (verbosity >= 4)
2179             System.out.println("expected: "+expected+" : "+expected.getClass().getSimpleName());
2180         Object result = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
2181         if (verbosity >= 3)
2182             System.out.println("result: "+result+" : "+result.getClass().getSimpleName());
2183         if (!expected.equals(result))
2184             System.out.println("*** fail at n/rt = "+nargs+"/"+rtype.getSimpleName()+": "+Arrays.asList(argsToPass)+" => "+result+" != "+expected);
2185         assertEquals(expected, result);
2186     }
2187 
2188     @Test
2189     public void testFilterArguments() throws Throwable {
2190         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFilterArguments0);
2191     }
2192 
2193     public void testFilterArguments0() throws Throwable {
2194         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2195         startTest("filterArguments");
2196         for (int nargs = 1; nargs <= 6; nargs++) {
2197             for (int pos = 0; pos < nargs; pos++) {
2198                 testFilterArguments(nargs, pos);
2199             }
2200         }
2201     }
2202 
2203     void testFilterArguments(int nargs, int pos) throws Throwable {
2204         countTest();
2205         MethodHandle target = varargsList(nargs);
2206         MethodHandle filter = varargsList(1);
2207         filter = filter.asType(filter.type().generic());
2208         Object[] argsToPass = randomArgs(nargs, Object.class);
2209         if (verbosity >= 3)
2210             System.out.println("filter "+target+" at "+pos+" with "+filter);
2211         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.filterArguments(target, pos, filter);
2212         // Simulate expected effect of filter on arglist:
2213         Object[] filteredArgs = argsToPass.clone();
2214         filteredArgs[pos] = filter.invokeExact(filteredArgs[pos]);
2215         List<Object> expected = Arrays.asList(filteredArgs);
2216         Object result = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
2217         if (verbosity >= 3)
2218             System.out.println("result: "+result);
2219         if (!expected.equals(result))
2220             System.out.println("*** fail at n/p = "+nargs+"/"+pos+": "+Arrays.asList(argsToPass)+" => "+result+" != "+expected);
2221         assertEquals(expected, result);
2222     }
2223 
2224     @Test
2225     public void testCollectArguments() throws Throwable {
2226         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testCollectArguments0);
2227     }
2228 
2229     public void testCollectArguments0() throws Throwable {
2230         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2231         startTest("collectArguments");
2232         testFoldOrCollectArguments(true, false);
2233     }
2234 
2235     @Test
2236     public void testFoldArguments() throws Throwable {
2237         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFoldArguments0);
2238         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testFoldArguments1);
2239     }
2240 
2241     public void testFoldArguments0() throws Throwable {
2242         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2243         startTest("foldArguments");
2244         testFoldOrCollectArguments(false, false);
2245     }
2246 
2247     public void testFoldArguments1() throws Throwable {
2248         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING) return;
2249         startTest("foldArguments/pos");
2250         testFoldOrCollectArguments(false, true);
2251     }
2252 
2253     void testFoldOrCollectArguments(boolean isCollect, boolean withFoldPos) throws Throwable {
2254         assert !(isCollect && withFoldPos); // exclude illegal argument combination
2255         for (Class<?> lastType : new Class<?>[]{ Object.class, String.class, int.class }) {
2256             for (Class<?> collectType : new Class<?>[]{ Object.class, String.class, int.class, void.class }) {
2257                 int maxArity = 10;
2258                 if (collectType != String.class)  maxArity = 5;
2259                 if (lastType != Object.class)  maxArity = 4;
2260                 for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= maxArity; nargs++) {
2261                     ArrayList<Class<?>> argTypes = new ArrayList<>(Collections.nCopies(nargs, Object.class));
2262                     int maxMix = 20;
2263                     if (collectType != Object.class)  maxMix = 0;
2264                     Map<Object,Integer> argTypesSeen = new HashMap<>();
2265                     for (int mix = 0; mix <= maxMix; mix++) {
2266                         if (!mixArgs(argTypes, mix, argTypesSeen))  continue;
2267                         for (int collect = 0; collect <= nargs; collect++) {
2268                             for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs - collect; pos++) {
2269                                 testFoldOrCollectArguments(argTypes, pos, collect, collectType, lastType, isCollect, withFoldPos);
2270                             }
2271                         }
2272                     }
2273                 }
2274             }
2275         }
2276     }
2277 
2278     boolean mixArgs(List<Class<?>> argTypes, int mix, Map<Object,Integer> argTypesSeen) {
2279         assert(mix >= 0);
2280         if (mix == 0)  return true;  // no change
2281         if ((mix >>> argTypes.size()) != 0)  return false;
2282         for (int i = 0; i < argTypes.size(); i++) {
2283             if (i >= 31)  break;
2284             boolean bit = (mix & (1 << i)) != 0;
2285             if (bit) {
2286                 Class<?> type = argTypes.get(i);
2287                 if (type == Object.class)
2288                     type = String.class;
2289                 else if (type == String.class)
2290                     type = int.class;
2291                 else
2292                     type = Object.class;
2293                 argTypes.set(i, type);
2294             }
2295         }
2296         Integer prev = argTypesSeen.put(new ArrayList<>(argTypes), mix);
2297         if (prev != null) {
2298             if (verbosity >= 4)  System.out.println("mix "+prev+" repeated "+mix+": "+argTypes);
2299             return false;
2300         }
2301         if (verbosity >= 3)  System.out.println("mix "+mix+" = "+argTypes);
2302         return true;
2303     }
2304 
2305     void testFoldOrCollectArguments(List<Class<?>> argTypes,  // argument types minus the inserted combineType
2306                                     int pos, int fold, // position and length of the folded arguments
2307                                     Class<?> combineType, // type returned from the combiner
2308                                     Class<?> lastType,  // type returned from the target
2309                                     boolean isCollect,
2310                                     boolean withFoldPos) throws Throwable {
2311         int nargs = argTypes.size();
2312         if (pos != 0 && !isCollect && !withFoldPos)  return;  // test MethodHandles.foldArguments(MH,MH) only for pos=0
2313         countTest();
2314         List<Class<?>> combineArgTypes = argTypes.subList(pos, pos + fold);
2315         List<Class<?>> targetArgTypes = new ArrayList<>(argTypes);
2316         if (isCollect)  // does target see arg[pos..pos+cc-1]?
2317             targetArgTypes.subList(pos, pos + fold).clear();
2318         if (combineType != void.class)
2319             targetArgTypes.add(pos, combineType);
2320         MethodHandle target = varargsList(targetArgTypes, lastType);
2321         MethodHandle combine = varargsList(combineArgTypes, combineType);
2322         List<Object> argsToPass = Arrays.asList(randomArgs(argTypes));
2323         if (verbosity >= 3)
2324             System.out.println((isCollect ? "collect" : "fold")+" "+target+" with "+combine);
2325         MethodHandle target2;
2326         if (isCollect)
2327             target2 = MethodHandles.collectArguments(target, pos, combine);
2328         else
2329             target2 = withFoldPos ? MethodHandles.foldArguments(target, pos, combine) : MethodHandles.foldArguments(target, combine);
2330         // Simulate expected effect of combiner on arglist:
2331         List<Object> expectedList = new ArrayList<>(argsToPass);
2332         List<Object> argsToFold = expectedList.subList(pos, pos + fold);
2333         if (verbosity >= 3)
2334             System.out.println((isCollect ? "collect" : "fold")+": "+argsToFold+" into "+target2);
2335         Object foldedArgs = combine.invokeWithArguments(argsToFold);
2336         if (isCollect)
2337             argsToFold.clear();
2338         if (combineType != void.class)
2339             argsToFold.add(0, foldedArgs);
2340         Object result = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToPass);
2341         if (verbosity >= 3)
2342             System.out.println("result: "+result);
2343         Object expected = target.invokeWithArguments(expectedList);
2344         if (!expected.equals(result))
2345             System.out.println("*** fail at n/p/f = "+nargs+"/"+pos+"/"+fold+": "+argsToPass+" => "+result+" != "+expected);
2346         assertEquals(expected, result);
2347     }
2348 
2349     @Test
2350     public void testDropArguments() throws Throwable {
2351         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testDropArguments0);
2352     }
2353 
2354     public void testDropArguments0() throws Throwable {
2355         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2356         startTest("dropArguments");
2357         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 4; nargs++) {
2358             for (int drop = 1; drop <= 4; drop++) {
2359                 for (int pos = 0; pos <= nargs; pos++) {
2360                     testDropArguments(nargs, pos, drop);
2361                 }
2362             }
2363         }
2364     }
2365 
2366     void testDropArguments(int nargs, int pos, int drop) throws Throwable {
2367         countTest();
2368         MethodHandle target = varargsArray(nargs);
2369         Object[] args = randomArgs(target.type().parameterArray());
2370         MethodHandle target2 = MethodHandles.dropArguments(target, pos,
2371                 Collections.nCopies(drop, Object.class).toArray(new Class<?>[0]));
2372         List<Object> resList = Arrays.asList(args);
2373         List<Object> argsToDrop = new ArrayList<>(resList);
2374         for (int i = drop; i > 0; i--) {
2375             argsToDrop.add(pos, "blort#"+i);
2376         }
2377         Object res2 = target2.invokeWithArguments(argsToDrop);
2378         Object res2List = Arrays.asList((Object[])res2);
2379         //if (!resList.equals(res2List))
2380         //    System.out.println("*** fail at n/p/d = "+nargs+"/"+pos+"/"+drop+": "+argsToDrop+" => "+res2List);
2381         assertEquals(resList, res2List);
2382     }
2383 
2384     @Test  // SLOW
2385     public void testInvokers() throws Throwable {
2386         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testInvokers0);
2387     }
2388 
2389     public void testInvokers0() throws Throwable {
2390         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2391         startTest("exactInvoker, genericInvoker, varargsInvoker, dynamicInvoker");
2392         // exactInvoker, genericInvoker, varargsInvoker[0..N], dynamicInvoker
2393         Set<MethodType> done = new HashSet<>();
2394         for (int i = 0; i <= 6; i++) {
2395             if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && i > 3)  break;
2396             MethodType gtype = MethodType.genericMethodType(i);
2397             for (Class<?> argType : new Class<?>[]{Object.class, Integer.class, int.class}) {
2398                 for (int j = -1; j < i; j++) {
2399                     MethodType type = gtype;
2400                     if (j < 0)
2401                         type = type.changeReturnType(argType);
2402                     else if (argType == void.class)
2403                         continue;
2404                     else
2405                         type = type.changeParameterType(j, argType);
2406                     if (done.add(type))
2407                         testInvokersWithCatch(type);
2408                     MethodType vtype = type.changeReturnType(void.class);
2409                     if (done.add(vtype))
2410                         testInvokersWithCatch(vtype);
2411                 }
2412             }
2413         }
2414     }
2415 
2416     public void testInvokersWithCatch(MethodType type) throws Throwable {
2417         try {
2418             testInvokers(type);
2419         } catch (Throwable ex) {
2420             System.out.println("*** testInvokers on "+type+" => ");
2421             ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
2422         }
2423     }
2424     public void testInvokers(MethodType type) throws Throwable {
2425         if (verbosity >= 3)
2426             System.out.println("test invokers for "+type);
2427         int nargs = type.parameterCount();
2428         boolean testRetCode = type.returnType() != void.class;
2429         MethodHandle target = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "invokee",
2430                                 MethodType.genericMethodType(0, true));
2431         assertTrue(target.isVarargsCollector());
2432         target = target.asType(type);
2433         Object[] args = randomArgs(type.parameterArray());
2434         List<Object> targetPlusArgs = new ArrayList<>(Arrays.asList(args));
2435         targetPlusArgs.add(0, target);
2436         int code = (Integer) invokee(args);
2437         Object log = logEntry("invokee", args);
2438         assertEquals(log.hashCode(), code);
2439         assertCalled("invokee", args);
2440         MethodHandle inv;
2441         Object result;
2442         // exact invoker
2443         countTest();
2444         calledLog.clear();
2445         inv = MethodHandles.exactInvoker(type);
2446         result = inv.invokeWithArguments(targetPlusArgs);
2447         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2448         assertCalled("invokee", args);
2449         // generic invoker
2450         countTest();
2451         inv = MethodHandles.invoker(type);
2452         if (nargs <= 3 && type == type.generic()) {
2453             calledLog.clear();
2454             switch (nargs) {
2455             case 0:
2456                 result = inv.invokeExact(target);
2457                 break;
2458             case 1:
2459                 result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0]);
2460                 break;
2461             case 2:
2462                 result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1]);
2463                 break;
2464             case 3:
2465                 result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1], args[2]);
2466                 break;
2467             }
2468             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2469             assertCalled("invokee", args);
2470         }
2471         calledLog.clear();
2472         result = inv.invokeWithArguments(targetPlusArgs);
2473         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2474         assertCalled("invokee", args);
2475         // varargs invoker #0
2476         calledLog.clear();
2477         inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 0);
2478         if (type.returnType() == Object.class) {
2479             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args);
2480         } else if (type.returnType() == void.class) {
2481             result = null; inv.invokeExact(target, args);
2482         } else {
2483             result = inv.invokeWithArguments(target, (Object) args);
2484         }
2485         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2486         assertCalled("invokee", args);
2487         if (nargs >= 1 && type == type.generic()) {
2488             // varargs invoker #1
2489             calledLog.clear();
2490             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 1);
2491             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 1, nargs));
2492             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2493             assertCalled("invokee", args);
2494         }
2495         if (nargs >= 2 && type == type.generic()) {
2496             // varargs invoker #2
2497             calledLog.clear();
2498             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 2);
2499             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1], Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 2, nargs));
2500             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2501             assertCalled("invokee", args);
2502         }
2503         if (nargs >= 3 && type == type.generic()) {
2504             // varargs invoker #3
2505             calledLog.clear();
2506             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, 3);
2507             result = inv.invokeExact(target, args[0], args[1], args[2], Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 3, nargs));
2508             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2509             assertCalled("invokee", args);
2510         }
2511         for (int k = 0; k <= nargs; k++) {
2512             // varargs invoker #0..N
2513             if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && (k > 1 || k < nargs - 1))  continue;
2514             countTest();
2515             calledLog.clear();
2516             inv = MethodHandles.spreadInvoker(type, k);
2517             MethodType expType = (type.dropParameterTypes(k, nargs)
2518                                   .appendParameterTypes(Object[].class)
2519                                   .insertParameterTypes(0, MethodHandle.class));
2520             assertEquals(expType, inv.type());
2521             List<Object> targetPlusVarArgs = new ArrayList<>(targetPlusArgs);
2522             List<Object> tailList = targetPlusVarArgs.subList(1+k, 1+nargs);
2523             Object[] tail = tailList.toArray();
2524             tailList.clear(); tailList.add(tail);
2525             result = inv.invokeWithArguments(targetPlusVarArgs);
2526             if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2527             assertCalled("invokee", args);
2528         }
2529 
2530         // dynamic invoker
2531         countTest();
2532         CallSite site = new MutableCallSite(type);
2533         inv = site.dynamicInvoker();
2534 
2535         // see if we get the result of the original target:
2536         try {
2537             result = inv.invokeWithArguments(args);
2538             assertTrue("should not reach here", false);
2539         } catch (IllegalStateException ex) {
2540             String msg = ex.getMessage();
2541             assertTrue(msg, msg.contains("site"));
2542         }
2543 
2544         // set new target after invoker is created, to make sure we track target
2545         site.setTarget(target);
2546         calledLog.clear();
2547         result = inv.invokeWithArguments(args);
2548         if (testRetCode)  assertEquals(code, result);
2549         assertCalled("invokee", args);
2550     }
2551 
2552     static Object invokee(Object... args) {
2553         return called("invokee", args).hashCode();
2554     }
2555 
2556     private static final String MISSING_ARG = "missingArg";
2557     private static final String MISSING_ARG_2 = "missingArg#2";
2558     static Object targetIfEquals() {
2559         return called("targetIfEquals");
2560     }
2561     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals() {
2562         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals");
2563     }
2564     static Object targetIfEquals(Object x) {
2565         assertEquals(x, MISSING_ARG);
2566         return called("targetIfEquals", x);
2567     }
2568     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals(Object x) {
2569         assertFalse(x.toString(), x.equals(MISSING_ARG));
2570         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals", x);
2571     }
2572     static Object targetIfEquals(Object x, Object y) {
2573         assertEquals(x, y);
2574         return called("targetIfEquals", x, y);
2575     }
2576     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals(Object x, Object y) {
2577         assertFalse(x.toString(), x.equals(y));
2578         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals", x, y);
2579     }
2580     static Object targetIfEquals(Object x, Object y, Object z) {
2581         assertEquals(x, y);
2582         return called("targetIfEquals", x, y, z);
2583     }
2584     static Object fallbackIfNotEquals(Object x, Object y, Object z) {
2585         assertFalse(x.toString(), x.equals(y));
2586         return called("fallbackIfNotEquals", x, y, z);
2587     }
2588 
2589     @Test
2590     public void testGuardWithTest() throws Throwable {
2591         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testGuardWithTest0);
2592     }
2593 
2594     public void testGuardWithTest0() throws Throwable {
2595         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2596         startTest("guardWithTest");
2597         for (int nargs = 0; nargs <= 50; nargs++) {
2598             if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY && nargs > 7)  break;
2599             testGuardWithTest(nargs, Object.class);
2600             testGuardWithTest(nargs, String.class);
2601         }
2602     }
2603     void testGuardWithTest(int nargs, Class<?> argClass) throws Throwable {
2604         testGuardWithTest(nargs, 0, argClass);
2605         if (nargs <= 5 || nargs % 10 == 3) {
2606             for (int testDrops = 1; testDrops <= nargs; testDrops++)
2607                 testGuardWithTest(nargs, testDrops, argClass);
2608         }
2609     }
2610     void testGuardWithTest(int nargs, int testDrops, Class<?> argClass) throws Throwable {
2611         countTest();
2612         int nargs1 = Math.min(3, nargs);
2613         MethodHandle test = PRIVATE.findVirtual(Object.class, "equals", MethodType.methodType(boolean.class, Object.class));
2614         MethodHandle target = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "targetIfEquals", MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs1));
2615         MethodHandle fallback = PRIVATE.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "fallbackIfNotEquals", MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs1));
2616         while (test.type().parameterCount() > nargs)
2617             // 0: test = constant(MISSING_ARG.equals(MISSING_ARG))
2618             // 1: test = lambda (_) MISSING_ARG.equals(_)
2619             test = MethodHandles.insertArguments(test, 0, MISSING_ARG);
2620         if (argClass != Object.class) {
2621             test = changeArgTypes(test, argClass);
2622             target = changeArgTypes(target, argClass);
2623             fallback = changeArgTypes(fallback, argClass);
2624         }
2625         int testArgs = nargs - testDrops;
2626         assert(testArgs >= 0);
2627         test = addTrailingArgs(test, Math.min(testArgs, nargs), argClass);
2628         target = addTrailingArgs(target, nargs, argClass);
2629         fallback = addTrailingArgs(fallback, nargs, argClass);
2630         Object[][] argLists = {
2631             { },
2632             { "foo" }, { MISSING_ARG },
2633             { "foo", "foo" }, { "foo", "bar" },
2634             { "foo", "foo", "baz" }, { "foo", "bar", "baz" }
2635         };
2636         for (Object[] argList : argLists) {
2637             Object[] argList1 = argList;
2638             if (argList.length != nargs) {
2639                 if (argList.length != nargs1)  continue;
2640                 argList1 = Arrays.copyOf(argList, nargs);
2641                 Arrays.fill(argList1, nargs1, nargs, MISSING_ARG_2);
2642             }
2643             MethodHandle test1 = test;
2644             if (test1.type().parameterCount() > testArgs) {
2645                 int pc = test1.type().parameterCount();
2646                 test1 = MethodHandles.insertArguments(test, testArgs, Arrays.copyOfRange(argList1, testArgs, pc));
2647             }
2648             MethodHandle mh = MethodHandles.guardWithTest(test1, target, fallback);
2649             assertEquals(target.type(), mh.type());
2650             boolean equals;
2651             switch (nargs) {
2652             case 0:   equals = true; break;
2653             case 1:   equals = MISSING_ARG.equals(argList[0]); break;
2654             default:  equals = argList[0].equals(argList[1]); break;
2655             }
2656             String willCall = (equals ? "targetIfEquals" : "fallbackIfNotEquals");
2657             if (verbosity >= 3)
2658                 System.out.println(logEntry(willCall, argList));
2659             Object result = mh.invokeWithArguments(argList1);
2660             assertCalled(willCall, argList);
2661         }
2662     }
2663 
2664     @Test
2665     public void testGenericLoopCombinator() throws Throwable {
2666         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testGenericLoopCombinator0);
2667     }
2668     public void testGenericLoopCombinator0() throws Throwable {
2669         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING) return;
2670         startTest("loop");
2671         // Test as follows:
2672         // * Have an increasing number of loop-local state. Local state type diversity grows with the number.
2673         // * Initializers set the starting value of loop-local state from the corresponding loop argument.
2674         // * For each local state element, there is a predicate - for all state combinations, exercise all predicates.
2675         // * Steps modify each local state element in each iteration.
2676         // * Finalizers group all local state elements into a resulting array. Verify end values.
2677         // * Exercise both pre- and post-checked loops.
2678         // Local state types, start values, predicates, and steps:
2679         // * int a, 0, a < 7, a = a + 1
2680         // * double b, 7.0, b > 0.5, b = b / 2.0
2681         // * String c, "start", c.length <= 9, c = c + a
2682         final Class<?>[] argTypes = new Class<?>[] {int.class, double.class, String.class};
2683         final Object[][] args = new Object[][] {
2684             new Object[]{0              },
2685             new Object[]{0, 7.0         },
2686             new Object[]{0, 7.0, "start"}
2687         };
2688         // These are the expected final state tuples for argument type tuple / predicate combinations, for pre- and
2689         // post-checked loops:
2690         final Object[][] preCheckedResults = new Object[][] {
2691             new Object[]{7                           }, // (int) / int
2692             new Object[]{7, 0.0546875                }, // (int,double) / int
2693             new Object[]{5, 0.4375                   }, // (int,double) / double
2694             new Object[]{7, 0.0546875, "start1234567"}, // (int,double,String) / int
2695             new Object[]{5, 0.4375,    "start1234"   }, // (int,double,String) / double
2696             new Object[]{6, 0.109375,  "start12345"  }  // (int,double,String) / String
2697         };
2698         final Object[][] postCheckedResults = new Object[][] {
2699             new Object[]{7                         }, // (int) / int
2700             new Object[]{7, 0.109375               }, // (int,double) / int
2701             new Object[]{4, 0.4375                 }, // (int,double) / double
2702             new Object[]{7, 0.109375, "start123456"}, // (int,double,String) / int
2703             new Object[]{4, 0.4375,   "start123"   }, // (int,double,String) / double
2704             new Object[]{5, 0.21875,  "start12345" }  // (int,double,String) / String
2705         };
2706         final Lookup l = MethodHandles.lookup();
2707         final Class<?> MHT = MethodHandlesTest.class;
2708         final Class<?> B = boolean.class;
2709         final Class<?> I = int.class;
2710         final Class<?> D = double.class;
2711         final Class<?> S = String.class;
2712         final MethodHandle hip = l.findStatic(MHT, "loopIntPred", methodType(B, I));
2713         final MethodHandle hdp = l.findStatic(MHT, "loopDoublePred", methodType(B, I, D));
2714         final MethodHandle hsp = l.findStatic(MHT, "loopStringPred", methodType(B, I, D, S));
2715         final MethodHandle his = l.findStatic(MHT, "loopIntStep", methodType(I, I));
2716         final MethodHandle hds = l.findStatic(MHT, "loopDoubleStep", methodType(D, I, D));
2717         final MethodHandle hss = l.findStatic(MHT, "loopStringStep", methodType(S, I, D, S));
2718         final MethodHandle[] preds = new MethodHandle[] {hip, hdp, hsp};
2719         final MethodHandle[] steps = new MethodHandle[] {his, hds, hss};
2720         for (int nargs = 1, useResultsStart = 0; nargs <= argTypes.length; useResultsStart += nargs++) {
2721             Class<?>[] useArgTypes = Arrays.copyOf(argTypes, nargs, Class[].class);
2722             MethodHandle[] usePreds = Arrays.copyOf(preds, nargs, MethodHandle[].class);
2723             MethodHandle[] useSteps = Arrays.copyOf(steps, nargs, MethodHandle[].class);
2724             Object[] useArgs = args[nargs - 1];
2725             Object[][] usePreCheckedResults = new Object[nargs][];
2726             Object[][] usePostCheckedResults = new Object[nargs][];
2727             System.arraycopy(preCheckedResults, useResultsStart, usePreCheckedResults, 0, nargs);
2728             System.arraycopy(postCheckedResults, useResultsStart, usePostCheckedResults, 0, nargs);
2729             testGenericLoopCombinator(nargs, useArgTypes, usePreds, useSteps, useArgs, usePreCheckedResults,
2730                     usePostCheckedResults);
2731         }
2732     }
2733     void testGenericLoopCombinator(int nargs, Class<?>[] argTypes, MethodHandle[] preds, MethodHandle[] steps,
2734                                    Object[] args, Object[][] preCheckedResults, Object[][] postCheckedResults)
2735             throws Throwable {
2736         List<Class<?>> lArgTypes = Arrays.asList(argTypes);
2737         // Predicate and step handles are passed in as arguments, initializer and finalizer handles are constructed here
2738         // from the available information.
2739         MethodHandle[] inits = new MethodHandle[nargs];
2740         for (int i = 0; i < nargs; ++i) {
2741             MethodHandle h;
2742             // Initializers are meant to return whatever they are passed at a given argument position. This means that
2743             // additional arguments may have to be appended and prepended.
2744             h = MethodHandles.identity(argTypes[i]);
2745             if (i < nargs - 1) {
2746                 h = MethodHandles.dropArguments(h, 1, lArgTypes.subList(i + 1, nargs));
2747             }
2748             if (i > 0) {
2749                 h = MethodHandles.dropArguments(h, 0, lArgTypes.subList(0, i));
2750             }
2751             inits[i] = h;
2752         }
2753         // Finalizers are all meant to collect all of the loop-local state in a single array and return that. Local
2754         // state is passed before the loop args. Construct such a finalizer by first taking a varargsArray collector for
2755         // the number of local state arguments, and then appending the loop args as to-be-dropped arguments.
2756         MethodHandle[] finis = new MethodHandle[nargs];
2757         MethodHandle genericFini = MethodHandles.dropArguments(
2758                 varargsArray(nargs).asType(methodType(Object[].class, lArgTypes)), nargs, lArgTypes);
2759         Arrays.fill(finis, genericFini);
2760         // The predicate and step handles' signatures need to be extended. They currently just accept local state args;
2761         // append possibly missing local state args and loop args using dropArguments.
2762         for (int i = 0; i < nargs; ++i) {
2763             List<Class<?>> additionalLocalStateArgTypes = lArgTypes.subList(i + 1, nargs);
2764             preds[i] = MethodHandles.dropArguments(
2765                     MethodHandles.dropArguments(preds[i], i + 1, additionalLocalStateArgTypes), nargs, lArgTypes);
2766             steps[i] = MethodHandles.dropArguments(
2767                     MethodHandles.dropArguments(steps[i], i + 1, additionalLocalStateArgTypes), nargs, lArgTypes);
2768         }
2769         // Iterate over all of the predicates, using only one of them at a time.
2770         for (int i = 0; i < nargs; ++i) {
2771             MethodHandle[] usePreds;
2772             if (nargs == 1) {
2773                 usePreds = preds;
2774             } else {
2775                 // Create an all-null preds array, and only use one predicate in this iteration. The null entries will
2776                 // be substituted with true predicates by the loop combinator.
2777                 usePreds = new MethodHandle[nargs];
2778                 usePreds[i] = preds[i];
2779             }
2780             // Go for it.
2781             if (verbosity >= 3) {
2782                 System.out.println("calling loop for argument types " + lArgTypes + " with predicate at index " + i);
2783                 if (verbosity >= 5) {
2784                     System.out.println("predicates: " + Arrays.asList(usePreds));
2785                 }
2786             }
2787             MethodHandle[] preInits = new MethodHandle[nargs + 1];
2788             MethodHandle[] prePreds = new MethodHandle[nargs + 1];
2789             MethodHandle[] preSteps = new MethodHandle[nargs + 1];
2790             MethodHandle[] preFinis = new MethodHandle[nargs + 1];
2791             System.arraycopy(inits, 0, preInits, 1, nargs);
2792             System.arraycopy(usePreds, 0, prePreds, 0, nargs); // preds are offset by 1 for pre-checked loops
2793             System.arraycopy(steps, 0, preSteps, 1, nargs);
2794             System.arraycopy(finis, 0, preFinis, 0, nargs); // finis are also offset by 1 for pre-checked loops
2795             // Convert to clause-major form.
2796             MethodHandle[][] preClauses = new MethodHandle[nargs + 1][4];
2797             MethodHandle[][] postClauses = new MethodHandle[nargs][4];
2798             toClauseMajor(preClauses, preInits, preSteps, prePreds, preFinis);
2799             toClauseMajor(postClauses, inits, steps, usePreds, finis);
2800             MethodHandle pre = MethodHandles.loop(preClauses);
2801             MethodHandle post = MethodHandles.loop(postClauses);
2802             if (verbosity >= 6) {
2803                 System.out.println("pre-handle: " + pre);
2804             }
2805             Object[] preResults = (Object[]) pre.invokeWithArguments(args);
2806             if (verbosity >= 4) {
2807                 System.out.println("pre-checked: expected " + Arrays.asList(preCheckedResults[i]) + ", actual " +
2808                         Arrays.asList(preResults));
2809             }
2810             if (verbosity >= 6) {
2811                 System.out.println("post-handle: " + post);
2812             }
2813             Object[] postResults = (Object[]) post.invokeWithArguments(args);
2814             if (verbosity >= 4) {
2815                 System.out.println("post-checked: expected " + Arrays.asList(postCheckedResults[i]) + ", actual " +
2816                         Arrays.asList(postResults));
2817             }
2818             assertArrayEquals(preCheckedResults[i], preResults);
2819             assertArrayEquals(postCheckedResults[i], postResults);
2820         }
2821     }
2822     static void toClauseMajor(MethodHandle[][] clauses, MethodHandle[] init, MethodHandle[] step, MethodHandle[] pred, MethodHandle[] fini) {
2823         for (int i = 0; i < clauses.length; ++i) {
2824             clauses[i][0] = init[i];
2825             clauses[i][1] = step[i];
2826             clauses[i][2] = pred[i];
2827             clauses[i][3] = fini[i];
2828         }
2829     }
2830     static boolean loopIntPred(int a) {
2831         if (verbosity >= 5) {
2832             System.out.println("int pred " + a + " -> " + (a < 7));
2833         }
2834         return a < 7;
2835     }
2836     static boolean loopDoublePred(int a, double b) {
2837         if (verbosity >= 5) {
2838             System.out.println("double pred (a=" + a + ") " + b + " -> " + (b > 0.5));
2839         }
2840         return b > 0.5;
2841     }
2842     static boolean loopStringPred(int a, double b, String c) {
2843         if (verbosity >= 5) {
2844             System.out.println("String pred (a=" + a + ",b=" + b + ") " + c + " -> " + (c.length() <= 9));
2845         }
2846         return c.length() <= 9;
2847     }
2848     static int loopIntStep(int a) {
2849         if (verbosity >= 5) {
2850             System.out.println("int step " + a + " -> " + (a + 1));
2851         }
2852         return a + 1;
2853     }
2854     static double loopDoubleStep(int a, double b) {
2855         if (verbosity >= 5) {
2856             System.out.println("double step (a=" + a + ") " + b + " -> " + (b / 2.0));
2857         }
2858         return b / 2.0;
2859     }
2860     static String loopStringStep(int a, double b, String c) {
2861         if (verbosity >= 5) {
2862             System.out.println("String step (a=" + a + ",b=" + b + ") " + c + " -> " + (c + a));
2863         }
2864         return c + a;
2865     }
2866 
2867     @Test
2868     public void testThrowException() throws Throwable {
2869         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testThrowException0);
2870     }
2871 
2872     public void testThrowException0() throws Throwable {
2873         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
2874         startTest("throwException");
2875         testThrowException(int.class, new ClassCastException("testing"));
2876         testThrowException(void.class, new java.io.IOException("testing"));
2877         testThrowException(String.class, new LinkageError("testing"));
2878     }
2879 
2880     void testThrowException(Class<?> returnType, Throwable thrown) throws Throwable {
2881         countTest();
2882         Class<? extends Throwable> exType = thrown.getClass();
2883         MethodHandle target = MethodHandles.throwException(returnType, exType);
2884         //System.out.println("throwing with "+target+" : "+thrown);
2885         MethodType expectedType = MethodType.methodType(returnType, exType);
2886         assertEquals(expectedType, target.type());
2887         target = target.asType(target.type().generic());
2888         Throwable caught = null;
2889         try {
2890             Object res = target.invokeExact((Object) thrown);
2891             fail("got "+res+" instead of throwing "+thrown);
2892         } catch (Throwable ex) {
2893             if (ex != thrown) {
2894                 if (ex instanceof Error)  throw (Error)ex;
2895                 if (ex instanceof RuntimeException)  throw (RuntimeException)ex;
2896             }
2897             caught = ex;
2898         }
2899         assertSame(thrown, caught);
2900     }
2901 
2902     @Test
2903     public void testTryFinally() throws Throwable {
2904         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testTryFinally0);
2905     }
2906     public void testTryFinally0() throws Throwable {
2907         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING) return;
2908         startTest("tryFinally");
2909         String inputMessage = "returned";
2910         String augmentedMessage = "augmented";
2911         String thrownMessage = "thrown";
2912         String rethrownMessage = "rethrown";
2913         // Test these cases:
2914         // * target returns, cleanup passes through
2915         // * target returns, cleanup augments
2916         // * target throws, cleanup augments and returns
2917         // * target throws, cleanup augments and rethrows
2918         MethodHandle target = MethodHandles.identity(String.class);
2919         MethodHandle targetThrow = MethodHandles.dropArguments(
2920                 MethodHandles.throwException(String.class, Exception.class).bindTo(new Exception(thrownMessage)), 0, String.class);
2921         MethodHandle cleanupPassThrough = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.identity(String.class), 0,
2922                 Throwable.class, String.class);
2923         MethodHandle cleanupAugment = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, augmentedMessage),
2924                 0, Throwable.class, String.class, String.class);
2925         MethodHandle cleanupCatch = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.constant(String.class, thrownMessage), 0,
2926                 Throwable.class, String.class, String.class);
2927         MethodHandle cleanupThrow = MethodHandles.dropArguments(MethodHandles.throwException(String.class, Exception.class).
2928                 bindTo(new Exception(rethrownMessage)), 0, Throwable.class, String.class, String.class);
2929         testTryFinally(target, cleanupPassThrough, inputMessage, inputMessage, false);
2930         testTryFinally(target, cleanupAugment, inputMessage, augmentedMessage, false);
2931         testTryFinally(targetThrow, cleanupCatch, inputMessage, thrownMessage, true);
2932         testTryFinally(targetThrow, cleanupThrow, inputMessage, rethrownMessage, true);
2933         // Test the same cases as above for void targets and cleanups.
2934         MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
2935         Class<?> C = this.getClass();
2936         MethodType targetType = methodType(void.class, String[].class);
2937         MethodType cleanupType = methodType(void.class, Throwable.class, String[].class);
2938         MethodHandle vtarget = lookup.findStatic(C, "vtarget", targetType);
2939         MethodHandle vtargetThrow = lookup.findStatic(C, "vtargetThrow", targetType);
2940         MethodHandle vcleanupPassThrough = lookup.findStatic(C, "vcleanupPassThrough", cleanupType);
2941         MethodHandle vcleanupAugment = lookup.findStatic(C, "vcleanupAugment", cleanupType);
2942         MethodHandle vcleanupCatch = lookup.findStatic(C, "vcleanupCatch", cleanupType);
2943         MethodHandle vcleanupThrow = lookup.findStatic(C, "vcleanupThrow", cleanupType);
2944         testTryFinally(vtarget, vcleanupPassThrough, inputMessage, inputMessage, false);
2945         testTryFinally(vtarget, vcleanupAugment, inputMessage, augmentedMessage, false);
2946         testTryFinally(vtargetThrow, vcleanupCatch, inputMessage, thrownMessage, true);
2947         testTryFinally(vtargetThrow, vcleanupThrow, inputMessage, rethrownMessage, true);
2948     }
2949     void testTryFinally(MethodHandle target, MethodHandle cleanup, String input, String msg, boolean mustCatch)
2950             throws Throwable {
2951         countTest();
2952         MethodHandle tf = MethodHandles.tryFinally(target, cleanup);
2953         String result = null;
2954         boolean isVoid = target.type().returnType() == void.class;
2955         String[] argArray = new String[]{input};
2956         try {
2957             if (isVoid) {
2958                 tf.invoke(argArray);
2959             } else {
2960                 result = (String) tf.invoke(input);
2961             }
2962         } catch (Throwable t) {
2963             assertTrue(mustCatch);
2964             assertEquals(msg, t.getMessage());
2965             return;
2966         }
2967         assertFalse(mustCatch);
2968         if (isVoid) {
2969             assertEquals(msg, argArray[0]);
2970         } else {
2971             assertEquals(msg, result);
2972         }
2973     }
2974     static void vtarget(String[] a) {
2975         // naught, akin to identity
2976     }
2977     static void vtargetThrow(String[] a) throws Exception {
2978         throw new Exception("thrown");
2979     }
2980     static void vcleanupPassThrough(Throwable t, String[] a) {
2981         assertNull(t);
2982         // naught, akin to identity
2983     }
2984     static void vcleanupAugment(Throwable t, String[] a) {
2985         assertNull(t);
2986         a[0] = "augmented";
2987     }
2988     static void vcleanupCatch(Throwable t, String[] a) {
2989         assertNotNull(t);
2990         a[0] = "caught";
2991     }
2992     static void vcleanupThrow(Throwable t, String[] a) throws Exception {
2993         assertNotNull(t);
2994         throw new Exception("rethrown");
2995     }
2996 
2997     @Test
2998     public void testInterfaceCast() throws Throwable {
2999         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testInterfaceCast0);
3000     }
3001 
3002     public void testInterfaceCast0() throws Throwable {
3003         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
3004         startTest("interfaceCast");
3005         assert( (((Object)"foo") instanceof CharSequence));
3006         assert(!(((Object)"foo") instanceof Iterable));
3007         for (MethodHandle mh : new MethodHandle[]{
3008             MethodHandles.identity(String.class),
3009             MethodHandles.identity(CharSequence.class),
3010             MethodHandles.identity(Iterable.class)
3011         }) {
3012             if (verbosity > 0)  System.out.println("-- mh = "+mh);
3013             for (Class<?> ctype : new Class<?>[]{
3014                 Object.class, String.class, CharSequence.class,
3015                 Number.class, Iterable.class
3016             }) {
3017                 if (verbosity > 0)  System.out.println("---- ctype = "+ctype.getName());
3018                 //                           doret  docast
3019                 testInterfaceCast(mh, ctype, false, false);
3020                 testInterfaceCast(mh, ctype, true,  false);
3021                 testInterfaceCast(mh, ctype, false, true);
3022                 testInterfaceCast(mh, ctype, true,  true);
3023             }
3024         }
3025     }
3026     private static Class<?> i2o(Class<?> c) {
3027         return (c.isInterface() ? Object.class : c);
3028     }
3029     public void testInterfaceCast(MethodHandle mh, Class<?> ctype,
3030                                                    boolean doret, boolean docast) throws Throwable {
3031         MethodHandle mh0 = mh;
3032         if (verbosity > 1)
3033             System.out.println("mh="+mh+", ctype="+ctype.getName()+", doret="+doret+", docast="+docast);
3034         String normalRetVal = "normal return value";
3035         MethodType mt = mh.type();
3036         MethodType mt0 = mt;
3037         if (doret)  mt = mt.changeReturnType(ctype);
3038         else        mt = mt.changeParameterType(0, ctype);
3039         if (docast) mh = MethodHandles.explicitCastArguments(mh, mt);
3040         else        mh = mh.asType(mt);
3041         assertEquals(mt, mh.type());
3042         MethodType mt1 = mt;
3043         // this bit is needed to make the interface types disappear for invokeWithArguments:
3044         mh = MethodHandles.explicitCastArguments(mh, mt.generic());
3045         Class<?>[] step = {
3046             mt1.parameterType(0),  // param as passed to mh at first
3047             mt0.parameterType(0),  // param after incoming cast
3048             mt0.returnType(),      // return value before cast
3049             mt1.returnType(),      // return value after outgoing cast
3050         };
3051         // where might a checkCast occur?
3052         boolean[] checkCast = new boolean[step.length];
3053         // the string value must pass each step without causing an exception
3054         if (!docast) {
3055             if (!doret) {
3056                 if (step[0] != step[1])
3057                     checkCast[1] = true;  // incoming value is cast
3058             } else {
3059                 if (step[2] != step[3])
3060                     checkCast[3] = true;  // outgoing value is cast
3061             }
3062         }
3063         boolean expectFail = false;
3064         for (int i = 0; i < step.length; i++) {
3065             Class<?> c = step[i];
3066             if (!checkCast[i])  c = i2o(c);
3067             if (!c.isInstance(normalRetVal)) {
3068                 if (verbosity > 3)
3069                     System.out.println("expect failure at step "+i+" in "+Arrays.toString(step)+Arrays.toString(checkCast));
3070                 expectFail = true;
3071                 break;
3072             }
3073         }
3074         countTest(!expectFail);
3075         if (verbosity > 2)
3076             System.out.println("expectFail="+expectFail+", mt="+mt);
3077         Object res;
3078         try {
3079             res = mh.invokeWithArguments(normalRetVal);
3080         } catch (Exception ex) {
3081             res = ex;
3082         }
3083         boolean sawFail = !(res instanceof String);
3084         if (sawFail != expectFail) {
3085             System.out.println("*** testInterfaceCast: mh0 = "+mh0);
3086             System.out.println("  retype using "+(docast ? "explicitCastArguments" : "asType")+" to "+mt+" => "+mh);
3087             System.out.println("  call returned "+res);
3088             System.out.println("  expected "+(expectFail ? "an exception" : normalRetVal));
3089         }
3090         if (!expectFail) {
3091             assertFalse(res.toString(), sawFail);
3092             assertEquals(normalRetVal, res);
3093         } else {
3094             assertTrue(res.toString(), sawFail);
3095         }
3096     }
3097 
3098     @Test  // SLOW
3099     public void testCastFailure() throws Throwable {
3100         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testCastFailure0);
3101     }
3102 
3103     public void testCastFailure0() throws Throwable {
3104         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
3105         startTest("testCastFailure");
3106         testCastFailure("cast/argument", 11000);
3107         if (CAN_TEST_LIGHTLY)  return;
3108         testCastFailure("unbox/argument", 11000);
3109         testCastFailure("cast/return", 11000);
3110         testCastFailure("unbox/return", 11000);
3111     }
3112 
3113     static class Surprise {
3114         public MethodHandle asMethodHandle() {
3115             return VALUE.bindTo(this);
3116         }
3117         Object value(Object x) {
3118             trace("value", x);
3119             if (boo != null)  return boo;
3120             return x;
3121         }
3122         Object boo;
3123         void boo(Object x) { boo = x; }
3124 
3125         static void trace(String x, Object y) {
3126             if (verbosity > 8) System.out.println(x+"="+y);
3127         }
3128         static Object  refIdentity(Object x)  { trace("ref.x", x); return x; }
3129         static Integer boxIdentity(Integer x) { trace("box.x", x); return x; }
3130         static int     intIdentity(int x)     { trace("int.x", x); return x; }
3131         static MethodHandle VALUE, REF_IDENTITY, BOX_IDENTITY, INT_IDENTITY;
3132         static {
3133             try {
3134                 VALUE = PRIVATE.findVirtual(
3135                     Surprise.class, "value",
3136                         MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class));
3137                 REF_IDENTITY = PRIVATE.findStatic(
3138                     Surprise.class, "refIdentity",
3139                         MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class));
3140                 BOX_IDENTITY = PRIVATE.findStatic(
3141                     Surprise.class, "boxIdentity",
3142                         MethodType.methodType(Integer.class, Integer.class));
3143                 INT_IDENTITY = PRIVATE.findStatic(
3144                     Surprise.class, "intIdentity",
3145                         MethodType.methodType(int.class, int.class));
3146             } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
3147                 throw new RuntimeException(ex);
3148             }
3149         }
3150     }
3151 
3152     @SuppressWarnings("ConvertToStringSwitch")
3153     void testCastFailure(String mode, int okCount) throws Throwable {
3154         countTest(false);
3155         if (verbosity > 2)  System.out.println("mode="+mode);
3156         Surprise boo = new Surprise();
3157         MethodHandle identity = Surprise.REF_IDENTITY, surprise0 = boo.asMethodHandle(), surprise = surprise0;
3158         if (mode.endsWith("/return")) {
3159             if (mode.equals("unbox/return")) {
3160                 // fail on return to ((Integer)surprise).intValue
3161                 surprise = surprise.asType(MethodType.methodType(int.class, Object.class));
3162                 identity = identity.asType(MethodType.methodType(int.class, Object.class));
3163             } else if (mode.equals("cast/return")) {
3164                 // fail on return to (Integer)surprise
3165                 surprise = surprise.asType(MethodType.methodType(Integer.class, Object.class));
3166                 identity = identity.asType(MethodType.methodType(Integer.class, Object.class));
3167             }
3168         } else if (mode.endsWith("/argument")) {
3169             MethodHandle callee = null;
3170             if (mode.equals("unbox/argument")) {
3171                 // fail on handing surprise to int argument
3172                 callee = Surprise.INT_IDENTITY;
3173             } else if (mode.equals("cast/argument")) {
3174                 // fail on handing surprise to Integer argument
3175                 callee = Surprise.BOX_IDENTITY;
3176             }
3177             if (callee != null) {
3178                 callee = callee.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1));
3179                 surprise = MethodHandles.filterArguments(callee, 0, surprise);
3180                 identity = MethodHandles.filterArguments(callee, 0, identity);
3181             }
3182         }
3183         assertNotSame(mode, surprise, surprise0);
3184         identity = identity.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1));
3185         surprise = surprise.asType(MethodType.genericMethodType(1));
3186         Object x = 42;
3187         for (int i = 0; i < okCount; i++) {
3188             Object y = identity.invokeExact(x);
3189             assertEquals(x, y);
3190             Object z = surprise.invokeExact(x);
3191             assertEquals(x, z);
3192         }
3193         boo.boo("Boo!");
3194         Object y = identity.invokeExact(x);
3195         assertEquals(x, y);
3196         try {
3197             Object z = surprise.invokeExact(x);
3198             System.out.println("Failed to throw; got z="+z);
3199             assertTrue(false);
3200         } catch (ClassCastException ex) {
3201             if (verbosity > 2)
3202                 System.out.println("caught "+ex);
3203             if (verbosity > 3)
3204                 ex.printStackTrace(System.out);
3205             assertTrue(true);  // all is well
3206         }
3207     }
3208 
3209     static Example userMethod(Object o, String s, int i) {
3210         called("userMethod", o, s, i);
3211         return null;
3212     }
3213 
3214     @Test
3215     public void testUserClassInSignature() throws Throwable {
3216         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testUserClassInSignature0);
3217     }
3218 
3219     public void testUserClassInSignature0() throws Throwable {
3220         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
3221         startTest("testUserClassInSignature");
3222         Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
3223         String name; MethodType mt; MethodHandle mh;
3224         Object[] args;
3225 
3226         // Try a static method.
3227         name = "userMethod";
3228         mt = MethodType.methodType(Example.class, Object.class, String.class, int.class);
3229         mh = lookup.findStatic(lookup.lookupClass(), name, mt);
3230         assertEquals(mt, mh.type());
3231         assertEquals(Example.class, mh.type().returnType());
3232         args = randomArgs(mh.type().parameterArray());
3233         mh.invokeWithArguments(args);
3234         assertCalled(name, args);
3235 
3236         // Try a virtual method.
3237         name = "v2";
3238         mt = MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Object.class, int.class);
3239         mh = lookup.findVirtual(Example.class, name, mt);
3240         assertEquals(mt, mh.type().dropParameterTypes(0,1));
3241         assertTrue(mh.type().parameterList().contains(Example.class));
3242         args = randomArgs(mh.type().parameterArray());
3243         mh.invokeWithArguments(args);
3244         assertCalled(name, args);
3245     }
3246 
3247     static void runForRunnable() {
3248         called("runForRunnable");
3249     }
3250     public interface Fooable {
3251         // overloads:
3252         Object  foo(Object x, String y);
3253         List<?> foo(String x, int y);
3254         Object  foo(String x);
3255     }
3256     static Object fooForFooable(String x, Object... y) {
3257         return called("fooForFooable/"+x, y);
3258     }
3259     @SuppressWarnings("serial")  // not really a public API, just a test case
3260     public static class MyCheckedException extends Exception {
3261     }
3262     public interface WillThrow {
3263         void willThrow() throws MyCheckedException;
3264     }
3265     /*non-public*/ interface PrivateRunnable {
3266         public void run();
3267     }
3268 
3269     @Test
3270     public void testAsInterfaceInstance() throws Throwable {
3271         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testAsInterfaceInstance0);
3272     }
3273 
3274     public void testAsInterfaceInstance0() throws Throwable {
3275         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
3276         startTest("asInterfaceInstance");
3277         Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
3278         // test typical case:  Runnable.run
3279         {
3280             countTest();
3281             if (verbosity >= 2)  System.out.println("Runnable");
3282             MethodType mt = MethodType.methodType(void.class);
3283             MethodHandle mh = lookup.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "runForRunnable", mt);
3284             Runnable proxy = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(Runnable.class, mh);
3285             proxy.run();
3286             assertCalled("runForRunnable");
3287         }
3288         // well known single-name overloaded interface:  Appendable.append
3289         {
3290             countTest();
3291             if (verbosity >= 2)  System.out.println("Appendable");
3292             ArrayList<List<?>> appendResults = new ArrayList<>();
3293             MethodHandle append = lookup.bind(appendResults, "add", MethodType.methodType(boolean.class, Object.class));
3294             append = append.asType(MethodType.methodType(void.class, List.class)); // specialize the type
3295             MethodHandle asList = lookup.findStatic(Arrays.class, "asList", MethodType.methodType(List.class, Object[].class));
3296             MethodHandle mh = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(asList, append).asVarargsCollector(Object[].class);
3297             Appendable proxy = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(Appendable.class, mh);
3298             proxy.append("one");
3299             proxy.append("two", 3, 4);
3300             proxy.append('5');
3301             assertEquals(Arrays.asList(Arrays.asList("one"),
3302                                        Arrays.asList("two", 3, 4),
3303                                        Arrays.asList('5')),
3304                          appendResults);
3305             if (verbosity >= 3)  System.out.println("appendResults="+appendResults);
3306             appendResults.clear();
3307             Formatter formatter = new Formatter(proxy);
3308             String fmt = "foo str=%s char='%c' num=%d";
3309             Object[] fmtArgs = { "str!", 'C', 42 };
3310             String expect = String.format(fmt, fmtArgs);
3311             formatter.format(fmt, fmtArgs);
3312             String actual = "";
3313             if (verbosity >= 3)  System.out.println("appendResults="+appendResults);
3314             for (List<?> l : appendResults) {
3315                 Object x = l.get(0);
3316                 switch (l.size()) {
3317                 case 1:  actual += x; continue;
3318                 case 3:  actual += ((String)x).substring((int)(Object)l.get(1), (int)(Object)l.get(2)); continue;
3319                 }
3320                 actual += l;
3321             }
3322             if (verbosity >= 3)  System.out.println("expect="+expect);
3323             if (verbosity >= 3)  System.out.println("actual="+actual);
3324             assertEquals(expect, actual);
3325         }
3326         // test case of an single name which is overloaded:  Fooable.foo(...)
3327         {
3328             if (verbosity >= 2)  System.out.println("Fooable");
3329             MethodHandle mh = lookup.findStatic(MethodHandlesTest.class, "fooForFooable",
3330                                                 MethodType.methodType(Object.class, String.class, Object[].class));
3331             Fooable proxy = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(Fooable.class, mh);
3332             for (Method m : Fooable.class.getDeclaredMethods()) {
3333                 countTest();
3334                 assertSame("foo", m.getName());
3335                 if (verbosity > 3)
3336                     System.out.println("calling "+m);
3337                 MethodHandle invoker = lookup.unreflect(m);
3338                 MethodType mt = invoker.type();
3339                 Class<?>[] types = mt.parameterArray();
3340                 types[0] = int.class;  // placeholder
3341                 Object[] args = randomArgs(types);
3342                 args[0] = proxy;
3343                 if (verbosity > 3)
3344                     System.out.println("calling "+m+" on "+Arrays.asList(args));
3345                 Object result = invoker.invokeWithArguments(args);
3346                 if (verbosity > 4)
3347                     System.out.println("result = "+result);
3348                 String name = "fooForFooable/"+args[1];
3349                 Object[] argTail = Arrays.copyOfRange(args, 2, args.length);
3350                 assertCalled(name, argTail);
3351                 assertEquals(result, logEntry(name, argTail));
3352             }
3353         }
3354         // test processing of thrown exceptions:
3355         for (Throwable ex : new Throwable[] { new NullPointerException("ok"),
3356                                               new InternalError("ok"),
3357                                               new Throwable("fail"),
3358                                               new Exception("fail"),
3359                                               new MyCheckedException()
3360                                             }) {
3361             MethodHandle mh = MethodHandles.throwException(void.class, Throwable.class);
3362             mh = MethodHandles.insertArguments(mh, 0, ex);
3363             WillThrow proxy = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(WillThrow.class, mh);
3364             try {
3365                 countTest();
3366                 proxy.willThrow();
3367                 System.out.println("Failed to throw: "+ex);
3368                 assertTrue(false);
3369             } catch (Throwable ex1) {
3370                 if (verbosity > 3) {
3371                     System.out.println("throw "+ex);
3372                     System.out.println("catch "+(ex == ex1 ? "UNWRAPPED" : ex1));
3373                 }
3374                 if (ex instanceof RuntimeException ||
3375                     ex instanceof Error) {
3376                     assertSame("must pass unchecked exception out without wrapping", ex, ex1);
3377                 } else if (ex instanceof MyCheckedException) {
3378                     assertSame("must pass declared exception out without wrapping", ex, ex1);
3379                 } else {
3380                     assertNotSame("must pass undeclared checked exception with wrapping", ex, ex1);
3381                     if (!(ex1 instanceof UndeclaredThrowableException) || ex1.getCause() != ex) {
3382                         ex1.printStackTrace(System.out);
3383                     }
3384                     assertSame(ex, ex1.getCause());
3385                     UndeclaredThrowableException utex = (UndeclaredThrowableException) ex1;
3386                 }
3387             }
3388         }
3389         // Test error checking on bad interfaces:
3390         for (Class<?> nonSMI : new Class<?>[] { Object.class,
3391                                              String.class,
3392                                              CharSequence.class,
3393                                              java.io.Serializable.class,
3394                                              PrivateRunnable.class,
3395                                              Example.class }) {
3396             if (verbosity > 2)  System.out.println(nonSMI.getName());
3397             try {
3398                 countTest(false);
3399                 MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(nonSMI, varargsArray(0));
3400                 assertTrue("Failed to throw on "+nonSMI.getName(), false);
3401             } catch (IllegalArgumentException ex) {
3402                 if (verbosity > 2)  System.out.println(nonSMI.getSimpleName()+": "+ex);
3403                 // Object: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
3404                 //     not a public interface: java.lang.Object
3405                 // String: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
3406                 //     not a public interface: java.lang.String
3407                 // CharSequence: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
3408                 //     not a single-method interface: java.lang.CharSequence
3409                 // Serializable: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
3410                 //     not a single-method interface: java.io.Serializable
3411                 // PrivateRunnable: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
3412                 //     not a public interface: test.java.lang.invoke.MethodHandlesTest$PrivateRunnable
3413                 // Example: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException:
3414                 //     not a public interface: test.java.lang.invoke.MethodHandlesTest$Example
3415             }
3416         }
3417         // Test error checking on interfaces with the wrong method type:
3418         for (Class<?> intfc : new Class<?>[] { Runnable.class /*arity 0*/,
3419                                             Fooable.class /*arity 1 & 2*/ }) {
3420             int badArity = 1;  // known to be incompatible
3421             if (verbosity > 2)  System.out.println(intfc.getName());
3422             try {
3423                 countTest(false);
3424                 MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(intfc, varargsArray(badArity));
3425                 assertTrue("Failed to throw on "+intfc.getName(), false);
3426             } catch (WrongMethodTypeException ex) {
3427                 if (verbosity > 2)  System.out.println(intfc.getSimpleName()+": "+ex);
3428                 // Runnable: java.lang.invoke.WrongMethodTypeException:
3429                 //     cannot convert MethodHandle(Object)Object[] to ()void
3430                 // Fooable: java.lang.invoke.WrongMethodTypeException:
3431                 //     cannot convert MethodHandle(Object)Object[] to (Object,String)Object
3432             }
3433         }
3434     }
3435 
3436     @Test
3437     public void testRunnableProxy() throws Throwable {
3438         CodeCacheOverflowProcessor.runMHTest(this::testRunnableProxy0);
3439     }
3440 
3441     public void testRunnableProxy0() throws Throwable {
3442         if (CAN_SKIP_WORKING)  return;
3443         startTest("testRunnableProxy");
3444         MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = MethodHandles.lookup();
3445         MethodHandle run = lookup.findStatic(lookup.lookupClass(), "runForRunnable", MethodType.methodType(void.class));
3446         Runnable r = MethodHandleProxies.asInterfaceInstance(Runnable.class, run);
3447         testRunnableProxy(r);
3448         assertCalled("runForRunnable");
3449     }
3450     private static void testRunnableProxy(Runnable r) {
3451         //7058630: JSR 292 method handle proxy violates contract for Object methods
3452         r.run();
3453         Object o = r;
3454         r = null;
3455         boolean eq = (o == o);
3456         int     hc = System.identityHashCode(o);
3457         String  st = o.getClass().getName() + "@" + Integer.toHexString(hc);
3458         Object expect = Arrays.asList(st, eq, hc);
3459         if (verbosity >= 2)  System.out.println("expect st/eq/hc = "+expect);
3460         Object actual = Arrays.asList(o.toString(), o.equals(o), o.hashCode());
3461         if (verbosity >= 2)  System.out.println("actual st/eq/hc = "+actual);
3462         assertEquals(expect, actual);
3463     }
3464 }
3465 // Local abbreviated copy of sun.invoke.util.ValueConversions
3466 // This guy tests access from outside the same package member, but inside
3467 // the package itself.
3468 class ValueConversions {
3469     private static final Lookup IMPL_LOOKUP = MethodHandles.lookup();
3470     private static final Object[] NO_ARGS_ARRAY = {};
3471     private static Object[] makeArray(Object... args) { return args; }
3472     private static Object[] array() { return NO_ARGS_ARRAY; }
3473     private static Object[] array(Object a0)
3474                 { return makeArray(a0); }
3475     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1)
3476                 { return makeArray(a0, a1); }
3477     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2)
3478                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2); }
3479     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3)
3480                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3); }
3481     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3482                                   Object a4)
3483                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4); }
3484     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3485                                   Object a4, Object a5)
3486                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5); }
3487     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3488                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6)
3489                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6); }
3490     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3491                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7)
3492                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7); }
3493     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3494                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
3495                                   Object a8)
3496                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8); }
3497     private static Object[] array(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3498                                   Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
3499                                   Object a8, Object a9)
3500                 { return makeArray(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9); }
3501     static MethodHandle[] makeArrays() {
3502         ArrayList<MethodHandle> arrays = new ArrayList<>();
3503         MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = IMPL_LOOKUP;
3504         for (;;) {
3505             int nargs = arrays.size();
3506             MethodType type = MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs).changeReturnType(Object[].class);
3507             String name = "array";
3508             MethodHandle array = null;
3509             try {
3510                 array = lookup.findStatic(ValueConversions.class, name, type);
3511             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
3512                 // break from loop!
3513             }
3514             if (array == null)  break;
3515             arrays.add(array);
3516         }
3517         assertTrue(arrays.size() == 11);  // current number of methods
3518         return arrays.toArray(new MethodHandle[0]);
3519     }
3520     static final MethodHandle[] ARRAYS = makeArrays();
3521 
3522     /** Return a method handle that takes the indicated number of Object
3523      *  arguments and returns an Object array of them, as if for varargs.
3524      */
3525     public static MethodHandle varargsArray(int nargs) {
3526         if (nargs < ARRAYS.length)
3527             return ARRAYS[nargs];
3528         return MethodHandles.identity(Object[].class).asCollector(Object[].class, nargs);
3529     }
3530     public static MethodHandle varargsArray(Class<?> arrayType, int nargs) {
3531         Class<?> elemType = arrayType.getComponentType();
3532         MethodType vaType = MethodType.methodType(arrayType, Collections.<Class<?>>nCopies(nargs, elemType));
3533         MethodHandle mh = varargsArray(nargs);
3534         if (arrayType != Object[].class)
3535             mh = MethodHandles.filterReturnValue(mh, CHANGE_ARRAY_TYPE.bindTo(arrayType));
3536         return mh.asType(vaType);
3537     }
3538     static Object changeArrayType(Class<?> arrayType, Object[] a) {
3539         Class<?> elemType = arrayType.getComponentType();
3540         if (!elemType.isPrimitive())
3541             return Arrays.copyOf(a, a.length, arrayType.asSubclass(Object[].class));
3542         Object b = java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(elemType, a.length);
3543         for (int i = 0; i < a.length; i++)
3544             java.lang.reflect.Array.set(b, i, a[i]);
3545         return b;
3546     }
3547     private static final MethodHandle CHANGE_ARRAY_TYPE;
3548     static {
3549         try {
3550             CHANGE_ARRAY_TYPE = IMPL_LOOKUP.findStatic(ValueConversions.class, "changeArrayType",
3551                                                        MethodType.methodType(Object.class, Class.class, Object[].class));
3552         } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException ex) {
3553             Error err = new InternalError("uncaught exception");
3554             err.initCause(ex);
3555             throw err;
3556         }
3557     }
3558 
3559     private static final List<Object> NO_ARGS_LIST = Arrays.asList(NO_ARGS_ARRAY);
3560     private static List<Object> makeList(Object... args) { return Arrays.asList(args); }
3561     private static List<Object> list() { return NO_ARGS_LIST; }
3562     private static List<Object> list(Object a0)
3563                 { return makeList(a0); }
3564     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1)
3565                 { return makeList(a0, a1); }
3566     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2)
3567                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2); }
3568     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3)
3569                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3); }
3570     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3571                                      Object a4)
3572                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4); }
3573     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3574                                      Object a4, Object a5)
3575                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5); }
3576     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3577                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6)
3578                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6); }
3579     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3580                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7)
3581                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7); }
3582     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3583                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
3584                                      Object a8)
3585                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8); }
3586     private static List<Object> list(Object a0, Object a1, Object a2, Object a3,
3587                                      Object a4, Object a5, Object a6, Object a7,
3588                                      Object a8, Object a9)
3589                 { return makeList(a0, a1, a2, a3, a4, a5, a6, a7, a8, a9); }
3590     static MethodHandle[] makeLists() {
3591         ArrayList<MethodHandle> lists = new ArrayList<>();
3592         MethodHandles.Lookup lookup = IMPL_LOOKUP;
3593         for (;;) {
3594             int nargs = lists.size();
3595             MethodType type = MethodType.genericMethodType(nargs).changeReturnType(List.class);
3596             String name = "list";
3597             MethodHandle list = null;
3598             try {
3599                 list = lookup.findStatic(ValueConversions.class, name, type);
3600             } catch (ReflectiveOperationException ex) {
3601                 // break from loop!
3602             }
3603             if (list == null)  break;
3604             lists.add(list);
3605         }
3606         assertTrue(lists.size() == 11);  // current number of methods
3607         return lists.toArray(new MethodHandle[0]);
3608     }
3609     static final MethodHandle[] LISTS = makeLists();
3610     static final MethodHandle AS_LIST;
3611     static {
3612         try {
3613             AS_LIST = IMPL_LOOKUP.findStatic(Arrays.class, "asList", MethodType.methodType(List.class, Object[].class));
3614         } catch (NoSuchMethodException | IllegalAccessException ex) { throw new RuntimeException(ex); }
3615     }
3616 
3617     /** Return a method handle that takes the indicated number of Object
3618      *  arguments and returns List.
3619      */
3620     public static MethodHandle varargsList(int nargs) {
3621         if (nargs < LISTS.length)
3622             return LISTS[nargs];
3623         return AS_LIST.asCollector(Object[].class, nargs);
3624     }
3625 }
3626 // This guy tests access from outside the same package member, but inside
3627 // the package itself.
3628 class PackageSibling {
3629     static Lookup lookup() {
3630         return MethodHandles.lookup();
3631     }
3632 }