/*
 * Copyright (c) 1997, 2011, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
 * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
 *
 * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
 * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
 * published by the Free Software Foundation.
 *
 * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
 * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
 * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
 * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
 * accompanied this code).
 *
 * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
 * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
 * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
 *
 * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
 * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
 * questions.
 *
 */

#include "precompiled.hpp"
#include "code/codeCache.hpp"
#include "code/nmethod.hpp"
#include "compiler/compileBroker.hpp"
#include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
#include "oops/methodOop.hpp"
#include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
#include "runtime/compilationPolicy.hpp"
#include "runtime/mutexLocker.hpp"
#include "runtime/os.hpp"
#include "runtime/sweeper.hpp"
#include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
#include "utilities/events.hpp"
#include "utilities/xmlstream.hpp"

long      NMethodSweeper::_traversals = 0;   // No. of stack traversals performed
nmethod*  NMethodSweeper::_current = NULL;   // Current nmethod
int       NMethodSweeper::_seen = 0 ;        // No. of nmethods we have currently processed in current pass of CodeCache

volatile int NMethodSweeper::_invocations = 0;   // No. of invocations left until we are completed with this pass
volatile int NMethodSweeper::_sweep_started = 0; // Whether a sweep is in progress.

jint      NMethodSweeper::_locked_seen = 0;
jint      NMethodSweeper::_not_entrant_seen_on_stack = 0;
bool      NMethodSweeper::_rescan = false;
bool      NMethodSweeper::_do_sweep = false;
bool      NMethodSweeper::_was_full = false;
jint      NMethodSweeper::_advise_to_sweep = 0;
jlong     NMethodSweeper::_last_was_full = 0;
uint      NMethodSweeper::_highest_marked = 0;
long      NMethodSweeper::_was_full_traversal = 0;

class MarkActivationClosure: public CodeBlobClosure {
public:
  virtual void do_code_blob(CodeBlob* cb) {
    // If we see an activation belonging to a non_entrant nmethod, we mark it.
    if (cb->is_nmethod() && ((nmethod*)cb)->is_not_entrant()) {
      ((nmethod*)cb)->mark_as_seen_on_stack();
    }
  }
};
static MarkActivationClosure mark_activation_closure;

void NMethodSweeper::scan_stacks() {
  assert(SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "must be executed at a safepoint");
  if (!MethodFlushing) return;
  _do_sweep = true;

  // No need to synchronize access, since this is always executed at a
  // safepoint.  If we aren't in the middle of scan and a rescan
  // hasn't been requested then just return. If UseCodeCacheFlushing is on and
  // code cache flushing is in progress, don't skip sweeping to help make progress
  // clearing space in the code cache.
  if ((_current == NULL && !_rescan) && !(UseCodeCacheFlushing && !CompileBroker::should_compile_new_jobs())) {
    _do_sweep = false;
    return;
  }

  // Make sure CompiledIC_lock in unlocked, since we might update some
  // inline caches. If it is, we just bail-out and try later.
  if (CompiledIC_lock->is_locked() || Patching_lock->is_locked()) return;

  // Check for restart
  assert(CodeCache::find_blob_unsafe(_current) == _current, "Sweeper nmethod cached state invalid");
  if (_current == NULL) {
    _seen        = 0;
    _invocations = NmethodSweepFraction;
    _current     = CodeCache::first_nmethod();
    _traversals  += 1;
    if (PrintMethodFlushing) {
      tty->print_cr("### Sweep: stack traversal %d", _traversals);
    }
    Threads::nmethods_do(&mark_activation_closure);

    // reset the flags since we started a scan from the beginning.
    _rescan = false;
    _locked_seen = 0;
    _not_entrant_seen_on_stack = 0;
  }

  if (UseCodeCacheFlushing) {
    if (!CodeCache::needs_flushing()) {
      // scan_stacks() runs during a safepoint, no race with setters
      _advise_to_sweep = 0;
    }

    if (was_full()) {
      // There was some progress so attempt to restart the compiler
      jlong now           = os::javaTimeMillis();
      jlong max_interval  = (jlong)MinCodeCacheFlushingInterval * (jlong)1000;
      jlong curr_interval = now - _last_was_full;
      if ((!CodeCache::needs_flushing()) && (curr_interval > max_interval)) {
        CompileBroker::set_should_compile_new_jobs(CompileBroker::run_compilation);
        set_was_full(false);

        // Update the _last_was_full time so we can tell how fast the
        // code cache is filling up
        _last_was_full = os::javaTimeMillis();

        log_sweep("restart_compiler");
      }
    }
  }
}

void NMethodSweeper::possibly_sweep() {
  assert(JavaThread::current()->thread_state() == _thread_in_vm, "must run in vm mode");
  if ((!MethodFlushing) || (!_do_sweep)) return;

  if (_invocations > 0) {
    // Only one thread at a time will sweep
    jint old = Atomic::cmpxchg( 1, &_sweep_started, 0 );
    if (old != 0) {
      return;
    }
    if (_invocations > 0) {
      sweep_code_cache();
      _invocations--;
    }
    _sweep_started = 0;
  }
}

void NMethodSweeper::sweep_code_cache() {
#ifdef ASSERT
  jlong sweep_start;
  if (PrintMethodFlushing) {
    sweep_start = os::javaTimeMillis();
  }
#endif
  if (PrintMethodFlushing && Verbose) {
    tty->print_cr("### Sweep at %d out of %d. Invocations left: %d", _seen, CodeCache::nof_nmethods(), _invocations);
  }

  // We want to visit all nmethods after NmethodSweepFraction
  // invocations so divide the remaining number of nmethods by the
  // remaining number of invocations.  This is only an estimate since
  // the number of nmethods changes during the sweep so the final
  // stage must iterate until it there are no more nmethods.
  int todo = (CodeCache::nof_nmethods() - _seen) / _invocations;

  assert(!SafepointSynchronize::is_at_safepoint(), "should not be in safepoint when we get here");
  assert(!CodeCache_lock->owned_by_self(), "just checking");

  {
    MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);

    // The last invocation iterates until there are no more nmethods
    for (int i = 0; (i < todo || _invocations == 1) && _current != NULL; i++) {

      // Since we will give up the CodeCache_lock, always skip ahead
      // to the next nmethod.  Other blobs can be deleted by other
      // threads but nmethods are only reclaimed by the sweeper.
      nmethod* next = CodeCache::next_nmethod(_current);

      // Now ready to process nmethod and give up CodeCache_lock
      {
        MutexUnlockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
        process_nmethod(_current);
      }
      _seen++;
      _current = next;
    }
  }

  assert(_invocations > 1 || _current == NULL, "must have scanned the whole cache");

  if (_current == NULL && !_rescan && (_locked_seen || _not_entrant_seen_on_stack)) {
    // we've completed a scan without making progress but there were
    // nmethods we were unable to process either because they were
    // locked or were still on stack.  We don't have to aggresively
    // clean them up so just stop scanning.  We could scan once more
    // but that complicates the control logic and it's unlikely to
    // matter much.
    if (PrintMethodFlushing) {
      tty->print_cr("### Couldn't make progress on some nmethods so stopping sweep");
    }
  }

#ifdef ASSERT
  if(PrintMethodFlushing) {
    jlong sweep_end             = os::javaTimeMillis();
    tty->print_cr("### sweeper:      sweep time(%d): " INT64_FORMAT, _invocations, sweep_end - sweep_start);
  }
#endif

  if (_invocations == 1) {
    log_sweep("finished");
  }
}


void NMethodSweeper::process_nmethod(nmethod *nm) {
  assert(!CodeCache_lock->owned_by_self(), "just checking");

  // Skip methods that are currently referenced by the VM
  if (nm->is_locked_by_vm()) {
    // But still remember to clean-up inline caches for alive nmethods
    if (nm->is_alive()) {
      // Clean-up all inline caches that points to zombie/non-reentrant methods
      MutexLocker cl(CompiledIC_lock);
      nm->cleanup_inline_caches();
    } else {
      _locked_seen++;
    }
    return;
  }

  if (nm->is_zombie()) {
    // If it is first time, we see nmethod then we mark it. Otherwise,
    // we reclame it. When we have seen a zombie method twice, we know that
    // there are no inline caches that refer to it.
    if (nm->is_marked_for_reclamation()) {
      assert(!nm->is_locked_by_vm(), "must not flush locked nmethods");
      if (PrintMethodFlushing && Verbose) {
        tty->print_cr("### Nmethod %3d/" PTR_FORMAT " (marked for reclamation) being flushed", nm->compile_id(), nm);
      }
      MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
      nm->flush();
    } else {
      if (PrintMethodFlushing && Verbose) {
        tty->print_cr("### Nmethod %3d/" PTR_FORMAT " (zombie) being marked for reclamation", nm->compile_id(), nm);
      }
      nm->mark_for_reclamation();
      _rescan = true;
    }
  } else if (nm->is_not_entrant()) {
    // If there is no current activations of this method on the
    // stack we can safely convert it to a zombie method
    if (nm->can_not_entrant_be_converted()) {
      if (PrintMethodFlushing && Verbose) {
        tty->print_cr("### Nmethod %3d/" PTR_FORMAT " (not entrant) being made zombie", nm->compile_id(), nm);
      }
      nm->make_zombie();
      _rescan = true;
    } else {
      // Still alive, clean up its inline caches
      MutexLocker cl(CompiledIC_lock);
      nm->cleanup_inline_caches();
      // we coudn't transition this nmethod so don't immediately
      // request a rescan.  If this method stays on the stack for a
      // long time we don't want to keep rescanning the code cache.
      _not_entrant_seen_on_stack++;
    }
  } else if (nm->is_unloaded()) {
    // Unloaded code, just make it a zombie
    if (PrintMethodFlushing && Verbose)
      tty->print_cr("### Nmethod %3d/" PTR_FORMAT " (unloaded) being made zombie", nm->compile_id(), nm);
    if (nm->is_osr_method()) {
      // No inline caches will ever point to osr methods, so we can just remove it
      MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
      nm->flush();
    } else {
      nm->make_zombie();
      _rescan = true;
    }
  } else {
    assert(nm->is_alive(), "should be alive");

    if (UseCodeCacheFlushing) {
      if ((nm->method()->code() != nm) && !(nm->is_locked_by_vm()) && !(nm->is_osr_method()) &&
          (_traversals > _was_full_traversal+2) && (((uint)nm->compile_id()) < _highest_marked) &&
          CodeCache::needs_flushing()) {
        // This method has not been called since the forced cleanup happened
        nm->make_not_entrant();
      }
    }

    // Clean-up all inline caches that points to zombie/non-reentrant methods
    MutexLocker cl(CompiledIC_lock);
    nm->cleanup_inline_caches();
  }
}

// Code cache unloading: when compilers notice the code cache is getting full,
// they will call a vm op that comes here. This code attempts to speculatively
// unload the oldest half of the nmethods (based on the compile job id) by
// saving the old code in a list in the CodeCache. Then
// execution resumes. If a method so marked is not called by the second sweeper
// stack traversal after the current one, the nmethod will be marked non-entrant and
// got rid of by normal sweeping. If the method is called, the methodOop's
// _code field is restored and the methodOop/nmethod
// go back to their normal state.
void NMethodSweeper::handle_full_code_cache(bool is_full) {
  // Only the first one to notice can advise us to start early cleaning
  if (!is_full){
    jint old = Atomic::cmpxchg( 1, &_advise_to_sweep, 0 );
    if (old != 0) {
      return;
    }
  }

  if (is_full) {
    // Since code cache is full, immediately stop new compiles
    bool did_set = CompileBroker::set_should_compile_new_jobs(CompileBroker::stop_compilation);
    if (!did_set) {
      // only the first to notice can start the cleaning,
      // others will go back and block
      return;
    }
    set_was_full(true);

    // If we run out within MinCodeCacheFlushingInterval of the last unload time, give up
    jlong now = os::javaTimeMillis();
    jlong max_interval = (jlong)MinCodeCacheFlushingInterval * (jlong)1000;
    jlong curr_interval = now - _last_was_full;
    if (curr_interval < max_interval) {
      _rescan = true;
      log_sweep("disable_compiler", "flushing_interval='" UINT64_FORMAT "'",
                           curr_interval/1000);
      return;
    }
  }

  VM_HandleFullCodeCache op(is_full);
  VMThread::execute(&op);

  // rescan again as soon as possible
  _rescan = true;
}

void NMethodSweeper::speculative_disconnect_nmethods(bool is_full) {
  // If there was a race in detecting full code cache, only run
  // one vm op for it or keep the compiler shut off

  debug_only(jlong start = os::javaTimeMillis();)

  if ((!was_full()) && (is_full)) {
    if (!CodeCache::needs_flushing()) {
      log_sweep("restart_compiler");
      CompileBroker::set_should_compile_new_jobs(CompileBroker::run_compilation);
      return;
    }
  }

  // Traverse the code cache trying to dump the oldest nmethods
  uint curr_max_comp_id = CompileBroker::get_compilation_id();
  uint flush_target = ((curr_max_comp_id - _highest_marked) >> 1) + _highest_marked;
  log_sweep("start_cleaning");

  nmethod* nm = CodeCache::alive_nmethod(CodeCache::first());
  jint disconnected = 0;
  jint made_not_entrant  = 0;
  while ((nm != NULL)){
    uint curr_comp_id = nm->compile_id();

    // OSR methods cannot be flushed like this. Also, don't flush native methods
    // since they are part of the JDK in most cases
    if (nm->is_in_use() && (!nm->is_osr_method()) && (!nm->is_locked_by_vm()) &&
        (!nm->is_native_method()) && ((curr_comp_id < flush_target))) {

      if ((nm->method()->code() == nm)) {
        // This method has not been previously considered for
        // unloading or it was restored already
        CodeCache::speculatively_disconnect(nm);
        disconnected++;
      } else if (nm->is_speculatively_disconnected()) {
        // This method was previously considered for preemptive unloading and was not called since then
        CompilationPolicy::policy()->delay_compilation(nm->method());
        nm->make_not_entrant();
        made_not_entrant++;
      }

      if (curr_comp_id > _highest_marked) {
        _highest_marked = curr_comp_id;
      }
    }
    nm = CodeCache::alive_nmethod(CodeCache::next(nm));
  }

  log_sweep("stop_cleaning",
                       "disconnected='" UINT32_FORMAT "' made_not_entrant='" UINT32_FORMAT "'",
                       disconnected, made_not_entrant);

  // Shut off compiler. Sweeper will start over with a new stack scan and
  // traversal cycle and turn it back on if it clears enough space.
  if (was_full()) {
    _last_was_full = os::javaTimeMillis();
    CompileBroker::set_should_compile_new_jobs(CompileBroker::stop_compilation);
  }

  // After two more traversals the sweeper will get rid of unrestored nmethods
  _was_full_traversal = _traversals;
#ifdef ASSERT
  jlong end = os::javaTimeMillis();
  if(PrintMethodFlushing && Verbose) {
    tty->print_cr("### sweeper: unload time: " INT64_FORMAT, end-start);
  }
#endif
}


// Print out some state information about the current sweep and the
// state of the code cache if it's requested.
void NMethodSweeper::log_sweep(const char* msg, const char* format, ...) {
  if (PrintMethodFlushing) {
    stringStream s;
    // Dump code cache state into a buffer before locking the tty,
    // because log_state() will use locks causing lock conflicts.
    CodeCache::log_state(&s);

    ttyLocker ttyl;
    tty->print("### sweeper: %s ", msg);
    if (format != NULL) {
      va_list ap;
      va_start(ap, format);
      tty->vprint(format, ap);
      va_end(ap);
    }
    tty->print_cr(s.as_string());
  }

  if (LogCompilation && (xtty != NULL)) {
    stringStream s;
    // Dump code cache state into a buffer before locking the tty,
    // because log_state() will use locks causing lock conflicts.
    CodeCache::log_state(&s);

    ttyLocker ttyl;
    xtty->begin_elem("sweeper state='%s' traversals='" INTX_FORMAT "' ", msg, (intx)traversal_count());
    if (format != NULL) {
      va_list ap;
      va_start(ap, format);
      xtty->vprint(format, ap);
      va_end(ap);
    }
    xtty->print(s.as_string());
    xtty->stamp();
    xtty->end_elem();
  }
}