--- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/String.java 2017-08-18 15:03:09.666748390 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/String.java 2017-08-18 15:03:09.450738941 -0700 @@ -2488,12 +2488,8 @@ * * (all) * - * capiotacapchi - * capthetacapupsil - * capsigma - * iotachi - * thetaupsilon - * sigma + * ΙΧΘΥΣ + * ιχθυσ * lowercased all chars in String * * --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html 2017-08-18 15:03:10.246773760 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/ValueBased.html 2017-08-18 15:03:10.034764487 -0700 @@ -1,4 +1,4 @@ - + Value-based Classes --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/threadPrimitiveDeprecation.html 2017-08-18 15:03:10.766796505 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/threadPrimitiveDeprecation.html 2017-08-18 15:03:10.558787407 -0700 @@ -1,3 +1,4 @@ + - Java Thread Primitive Deprecation @@ -30,7 +30,7 @@

Java Thread Primitive Deprecation

-
+

Why is Thread.stop deprecated?

Because it is inherently unsafe. Stopping a thread causes it to unlock all the monitors that it has locked. (The monitors are @@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ no warning that his program may be corrupted. The corruption can manifest itself at any time after the actual damage occurs, even hours or days in the future.

-
+

Couldn't I just catch the ThreadDeath exception and fix the damaged object?

In theory, perhaps, but it would vastly complicate the @@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ it succeeded. The code to ensure this would be quite complex. In sum, it just isn't practical. -


+

What about Thread.stop(Throwable)?

In addition to all of the problems noted above, this method may be used to generate exceptions that its target thread is unprepared @@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ Thread.currentThread().stop(t); } -


+

What should I use instead of Thread.stop?

Most uses of stop should be replaced by code that simply modifies some variable to indicate that the target thread @@ -84,7 +84,7 @@ regularly, and return from its run method in an orderly fashion if the variable indicates that it is to stop running. To ensure prompt communication of the stop-request, the variable must be -volatile (or access to the variable must be +volatile (or access to the variable must be synchronized).

For example, suppose your applet contains the following start, stop and run @@ -131,7 +131,7 @@ } } -


+

How do I stop a thread that waits for long periods (e.g., for input)?

That's what the Thread.interrupt method is for. The @@ -159,7 +159,7 @@ This ensures that the Thread will reraise the InterruptedException as soon as it is able. -


+

What if a thread doesn't respond to Thread.interrupt?

In some cases, you can use application specific tricks. For @@ -172,7 +172,7 @@ cases include deliberate denial-of-service attacks, and I/O operations for which thread.stop and thread.interrupt do not work properly.

-
+

Why are Thread.suspend and Thread.resume deprecated?

Thread.suspend is inherently deadlock-prone. If the @@ -182,7 +182,7 @@ would resume the target thread attempts to lock this monitor prior to calling resume, deadlock results. Such deadlocks typically manifest themselves as "frozen" processes.

-
+

What should I use instead of Thread.suspend and Thread.resume?

As with Thread.stop, the prudent approach is to @@ -274,7 +274,7 @@ }

In the absence of explicit synchronization, -threadSuspended must be made volatile to ensure +threadSuspended must be made volatile to ensure prompt communication of the suspend-request.

The resulting run method is:
@@ -302,17 +302,17 @@
 be safely "stopped" or "suspended"?
 Yes, it's reasonably straightforward. The one subtlety is that the
 target thread may already be suspended at the time that another
-thread tries to stop it. If the stop method merely sets
-the state variable (blinker) to null, the target thread
+thread tries to stop it. If the stop method merely sets
+the state variable (blinker) to null, the target thread
 will remain suspended (waiting on the monitor), rather than exiting
 gracefully as it should. If the applet is restarted, multiple
 threads could end up waiting on the monitor at the same time,
 resulting in erratic behavior.
-

To rectify this situation, the stop method must ensure +

To rectify this situation, the stop method must ensure that the target thread resumes immediately if it is suspended. Once the target thread resumes, it must recognize immediately that it has been stopped, and exit gracefully. Here's how the resulting -run and stop methods look:

+run and stop methods look:

     public void run() {
         Thread thisThread = Thread.currentThread();
@@ -335,18 +335,18 @@
         notify();
     }
 
-If the stop method calls Thread.interrupt, as -described above, it needn't call notify as well, but it +If the stop method calls Thread.interrupt, as +described above, it needn't call notify as well, but it still must be synchronized. This ensures that the target thread won't miss an interrupt due to a race condition. -
+

What about Thread.destroy?

Thread.destroy was never implemented and has been deprecated. If it were implemented, it would be deadlock-prone in the manner of Thread.suspend. (In fact, it is roughly equivalent to Thread.suspend without the possibility of a subsequent Thread.resume.) -
+

Why is Runtime.runFinalizersOnExit deprecated?

Because it is inherently unsafe. It may result in finalizers being --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.java 2017-08-18 15:03:11.314820476 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/time/format/DateTimeFormatter.java 2017-08-18 15:03:11.094810852 -0700 @@ -223,7 +223,7 @@ * * {@link #ISO_OFFSET_DATE_TIME} * Date Time with Offset - * 2011-12-03T10:15:30+01:00' + * '2011-12-03T10:15:30+01:00' * * * {@link #ISO_ZONED_DATE_TIME} @@ -243,7 +243,7 @@ * * {@link #ISO_WEEK_DATE} * Year and Week - * 2012-W48-6' + * '2012-W48-6' * * {@link #ISO_INSTANT} * Date and Time of an Instant --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Deque.java 2017-08-18 15:03:11.882845321 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Deque.java 2017-08-18 15:03:11.666835873 -0700 @@ -56,41 +56,44 @@ *

The twelve methods described above are summarized in the * following table: * - * + *
* + * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * * + * + * * - * + * * * * * * * - * + * * * * * * * - * + * * * * * * + * *
Summary of Deque methods
First Element (Head) Last Element (Tail) First Element (Head) Last Element (Tail)
Throws exceptionSpecial valueThrows exceptionSpecial valueThrows exceptionSpecial valueThrows exceptionSpecial value
InsertInsert{@link #addFirst(Object) addFirst(e)}{@link #offerFirst(Object) offerFirst(e)}{@link #addLast(Object) addLast(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)}
RemoveRemove{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}{@link #pollFirst() pollFirst()}{@link #removeLast() removeLast()}{@link #pollLast() pollLast()}
ExamineExamine{@link #getFirst() getFirst()}{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}{@link #getLast() getLast()}{@link #peekLast() peekLast()}
* *

This interface extends the {@link Queue} interface. When a deque is @@ -99,36 +102,40 @@ * inherited from the {@code Queue} interface are precisely equivalent to * {@code Deque} methods as indicated in the following table: * - * + *
* + * * - * - * + * + * * + * + * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * + * *
Comparison of Queue and Deque methods
{@code Queue} Method Equivalent {@code Deque} Method {@code Queue} Method Equivalent {@code Deque} Method
{@link #add(Object) add(e)}{@link #add(Object) add(e)}{@link #addLast(Object) addLast(e)}
{@link #offer(Object) offer(e)}{@link #offer(Object) offer(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)}
{@link #remove() remove()}{@link #remove() remove()}{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}
{@link #poll() poll()}{@link #poll() poll()}{@link #pollFirst() pollFirst()}
{@link #element() element()}{@link #element() element()}{@link #getFirst() getFirst()}
{@link #peek() peek()}{@link #peek() peek()}{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}
* *

Deques can also be used as LIFO (Last-In-First-Out) stacks. This @@ -137,24 +144,28 @@ * beginning of the deque. Stack methods are precisely equivalent to * {@code Deque} methods as indicated in the table below: * - * + *
* + * * - * - * + * + * * + * + * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * + * *
Comparison of Stack and Deque methods
Stack Method Equivalent {@code Deque} Method Stack Method Equivalent {@code Deque} Method
{@link #push(Object) push(e)}{@link #push(Object) push(e)}{@link #addFirst(Object) addFirst(e)}
{@link #pop() pop()}{@link #pop() pop()}{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}
{@link #peek() peek()}{@link #peek() peek()}{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}
* *

Note that the {@link #peek peek} method works equally well when --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Queue.java 2017-08-18 15:03:12.446869991 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/Queue.java 2017-08-18 15:03:12.218860018 -0700 @@ -46,28 +46,32 @@ * use with capacity-restricted {@code Queue} implementations; in most * implementations, insert operations cannot fail. * - * + *
* + * * * - * - * + * + * * + * + * * - * + * * * * * - * + * * * * * - * + * * * * + * *
Summary of Queue methods
Throws exceptionReturns special valueThrows exceptionReturns special value
InsertInsert{@link #add(Object) add(e)}{@link #offer(Object) offer(e)}
RemoveRemove{@link #remove() remove()}{@link #poll() poll()}
ExamineExamine{@link #element() element()}{@link #peek() peek()}
* *

Queues typically, but do not necessarily, order elements in a --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ResourceBundle.java 2017-08-18 15:03:12.986893612 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/ResourceBundle.java 2017-08-18 15:03:12.766883988 -0700 @@ -1210,15 +1210,15 @@ * Example: *

* The following class and property files are provided: - *

-     *     MyResources.class
-     *     MyResources.properties
-     *     MyResources_fr.properties
-     *     MyResources_fr_CH.class
-     *     MyResources_fr_CH.properties
-     *     MyResources_en.properties
-     *     MyResources_es_ES.class
-     * 
+ * * * The contents of all files are valid (that is, public non-abstract * subclasses of ResourceBundle for the ".class" files, @@ -1228,14 +1228,17 @@ *

Calling getBundle with the locale arguments below will * instantiate resource bundles as follows: * - * + *
* + * + * + * * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * * *
getBundle() locale to resource bundle mapping
LocaleResource bundle
Locale("fr", "CH")MyResources_fr_CH.class, parent MyResources_fr.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("fr", "FR")MyResources_fr.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("de", "DE")MyResources_en.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("en", "US")MyResources_en.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("es", "ES")MyResources_es_ES.class, parent MyResources.class
Locale("fr", "CH")MyResources_fr_CH.class, parent MyResources_fr.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("fr", "FR")MyResources_fr.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("de", "DE")MyResources_en.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("en", "US")MyResources_en.properties, parent MyResources.class
Locale("es", "ES")MyResources_es_ES.class, parent MyResources.class
* @@ -1324,42 +1327,41 @@ * locale-format combinations for newBundle * * - * Locale
- * - * format
- * + * Index + * Locale + * format * * * * - * Locale("de", "DE")
- * - * java.class
- * + * 1 + * Locale("de", "DE") + * java.class * * - * Locale("de", "DE") - * java.properties
- * + * 2 + * Locale("de", "DE") + * java.properties * * - * Locale("de") - * java.class + * 3 + * Locale("de") + * java.class * * - * Locale("de") - * java.properties + * 4 + * Locale("de") + * java.properties * * - * Locale("")
- * - * java.class + * 5 + * Locale("") + * java.class * * - * Locale("") - * java.properties + * 6 + * Locale("") + * java.properties * * * @@ -3453,15 +3455,15 @@ } /** - * Converts the given bundleName to the form required + * Converts the given {@code bundleName} to the form required * by the {@link ClassLoader#getResource ClassLoader.getResource} - * method by replacing all occurrences of '.' in - * bundleName with '/' and appending a - * '.' and the given file suffix. For - * example, if bundleName is - * "foo.bar.MyResources_ja_JP" and suffix - * is "properties", then - * "foo/bar/MyResources_ja_JP.properties" is returned. + * method by replacing all occurrences of {@code '.'} in + * {@code bundleName} with {@code '/'} and appending a + * {@code '.'} and the given file {@code suffix}. For + * example, if {@code bundleName} is + * {@code "foo.bar.MyResources_ja_JP"} and {@code suffix} + * is {@code "properties"}, then + * {@code "foo/bar/MyResources_ja_JP.properties"} is returned. * * @param bundleName * the bundle name @@ -3469,8 +3471,8 @@ * the file type suffix * @return the converted resource name * @exception NullPointerException - * if bundleName or suffix - * is null + * if {@code bundleName} or {@code suffix} + * is {@code null} */ public final String toResourceName(String bundleName, String suffix) { StringBuilder sb = new StringBuilder(bundleName.length() + 1 + suffix.length()); --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/BlockingDeque.java 2017-08-18 15:03:13.618921256 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/BlockingDeque.java 2017-08-18 15:03:13.398911633 -0700 @@ -56,66 +56,66 @@ * * * - * + * * * * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * * * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * * * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * * * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * * * - * + * * * * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * * *
Summary of BlockingDeque methods
First Element (Head) First Element (Head)
Throws exceptionSpecial valueBlocksTimes outThrows exceptionSpecial valueBlocksTimes out
Insert{@link #addFirst(Object) addFirst(e)}{@link #offerFirst(Object) offerFirst(e)}{@link #putFirst(Object) putFirst(e)}{@link #offerFirst(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerFirst(e, time, unit)}Insert{@link #addFirst(Object) addFirst(e)}{@link #offerFirst(Object) offerFirst(e)}{@link #putFirst(Object) putFirst(e)}{@link #offerFirst(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerFirst(e, time, unit)}
Remove{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}{@link #pollFirst() pollFirst()}{@link #takeFirst() takeFirst()}{@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit) pollFirst(time, unit)}Remove{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}{@link #pollFirst() pollFirst()}{@link #takeFirst() takeFirst()}{@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit) pollFirst(time, unit)}
Examine{@link #getFirst() getFirst()}{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}not applicablenot applicableExamine{@link #getFirst() getFirst()}{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}not applicablenot applicable
Last Element (Tail) Last Element (Tail)
Throws exceptionSpecial valueBlocksTimes out
Insert{@link #addLast(Object) addLast(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)}{@link #putLast(Object) putLast(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerLast(e, time, unit)}
Remove{@link #removeLast() removeLast()}{@link #pollLast() pollLast()}{@link #takeLast() takeLast()}{@link #pollLast(long, TimeUnit) pollLast(time, unit)}
Examine{@link #getLast() getLast()}{@link #peekLast() peekLast()}not applicablenot applicableThrows exceptionSpecial valueBlocksTimes out
Insert{@link #addLast(Object) addLast(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)}{@link #putLast(Object) putLast(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerLast(e, time, unit)}
Remove{@link #removeLast() removeLast()}{@link #pollLast() pollLast()}{@link #takeLast() takeLast()}{@link #pollLast(long, TimeUnit) pollLast(time, unit)}
Examine{@link #getLast() getLast()}{@link #peekLast() peekLast()}not applicablenot applicable
* @@ -131,57 +131,52 @@ * * * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * * * - * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * * * - * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * * *
Comparison of BlockingQueue and BlockingDeque methods
{@code BlockingQueue} Method Equivalent {@code BlockingDeque} Method
Insert
{@link #add(Object) add(e)}{@link #addLast(Object) addLast(e)}
{@link #offer(Object) offer(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)} {@code BlockingQueue} Method Equivalent {@code BlockingDeque} Method
{@link #put(Object) put(e)}{@link #putLast(Object) putLast(e)}Insert{@link #add(Object) add(e)}{@link #addLast(Object) addLast(e)}
{@link #offer(Object, long, TimeUnit) offer(e, time, unit)}{@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerLast(e, time, unit)}{@link #offer(Object) offer(e)}{@link #offerLast(Object) offerLast(e)}
Remove{@link #put(Object) put(e)}{@link #putLast(Object) putLast(e)}
{@link #remove() remove()}{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}{@link #offer(Object, long, TimeUnit) offer(e, time, unit)}{@link #offerLast(Object, long, TimeUnit) offerLast(e, time, unit)}
{@link #poll() poll()}{@link #pollFirst() pollFirst()}Remove{@link #remove() remove()}{@link #removeFirst() removeFirst()}
{@link #take() take()}{@link #takeFirst() takeFirst()}{@link #poll() poll()}{@link #pollFirst() pollFirst()}
{@link #poll(long, TimeUnit) poll(time, unit)}{@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit) pollFirst(time, unit)}{@link #take() take()}{@link #takeFirst() takeFirst()}
Examine{@link #poll(long, TimeUnit) poll(time, unit)}{@link #pollFirst(long, TimeUnit) pollFirst(time, unit)}
{@link #element() element()}{@link #getFirst() getFirst()}Examine{@link #element() element()}{@link #getFirst() getFirst()}
{@link #peek() peek()}{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}{@link #peek() peek()}{@link #peekFirst() peekFirst()}
* --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/BlockingQueue.java 2017-08-18 15:03:14.158944876 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/BlockingQueue.java 2017-08-18 15:03:13.946935603 -0700 @@ -56,31 +56,31 @@ * Summary of BlockingQueue methods * * - * Throws exception - * Special value - * Blocks - * Times out + * Throws exception + * Special value + * Blocks + * Times out * * - * Insert + * Insert * {@link #add(Object) add(e)} * {@link #offer(Object) offer(e)} * {@link #put(Object) put(e)} * {@link #offer(Object, long, TimeUnit) offer(e, time, unit)} * * - * Remove + * Remove * {@link #remove() remove()} * {@link #poll() poll()} * {@link #take() take()} * {@link #poll(long, TimeUnit) poll(time, unit)} * * - * Examine + * Examine * {@link #element() element()} * {@link #peek() peek()} - * not applicable - * not applicable + * not applicable + * not applicable * * * --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinPool.java 2017-08-18 15:03:14.690968147 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/concurrent/ForkJoinPool.java 2017-08-18 15:03:14.470958524 -0700 @@ -113,21 +113,21 @@ * Summary of task execution methods * * - * Call from non-fork/join clients - * Call from within fork/join computations + * Call from non-fork/join clients + * Call from within fork/join computations * * - * Arrange async execution + * Arrange async execution * {@link #execute(ForkJoinTask)} * {@link ForkJoinTask#fork} * * - * Await and obtain result + * Await and obtain result * {@link #invoke(ForkJoinTask)} * {@link ForkJoinTask#invoke} * * - * Arrange exec and obtain Future + * Arrange exec and obtain Future * {@link #submit(ForkJoinTask)} * {@link ForkJoinTask#fork} (ForkJoinTasks are Futures) * --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-designfaq.html 2017-08-18 15:03:15.274993692 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-designfaq.html 2017-08-18 15:03:15.062984419 -0700 @@ -1,7 +1,4 @@ - - - + - - + Java Collections API Design FAQ +

Java Collections API Design FAQ

-
+
This document answers frequently asked questions concerning the design of the Java collections framework. It is derived from the large volume of traffic on the collections-comments alias. It @@ -105,10 +101,10 @@ collections that send out Events when they're modified? -
+

Core Interfaces - General Questions

    -
  1. Why don't you support immutability +
  2. Why don't you support immutability directly in the core collection interfaces so that you can do away with optional operations (and UnsupportedOperationException)? @@ -168,7 +164,7 @@ very small set of core interfaces that can throw a runtime exception.

  3. -
  4. Won't programmers have to surround any +
  5. Won't programmers have to surround any code that calls optional operations with a try-catch clause in case they throw an UnsupportedOperationException?

    It was never our intention that programs should catch these @@ -176,7 +172,7 @@ should only arise as a result of programming errors, in which case, your program will halt due to the uncaught exception.

  6. -
  7. Why isn't there a core interface for +
  8. Why isn't there a core interface for "bags" (AKA multisets)?

    The Collection interface provides this functionality. We are not providing any public implementations of this interface, as we think @@ -185,7 +181,7 @@ atop AbstractCollection (for example, the Collection returned by Map.values).

  9. -
  10. Why didn't you use "Beans-style +
  11. Why didn't you use "Beans-style names" for consistency?

    While the names of the new collections methods do not adhere to the "Beans naming conventions", we believe that they are @@ -207,10 +203,10 @@ case. Thus, we adopted the "traditional" JDK style rather than the Beans style.

-
+

Collection Interface

    -
  1. Why doesn't Collection extend Cloneable +
  2. Why doesn't Collection extend Cloneable and Serializable?

    Many Collection implementations (including all of the ones provided by the JDK) will have a public clone method, but it would @@ -224,7 +220,7 @@ this type, and use the addAll method to copy the elements of the original collection into the new one.

  3. -
  4. Why don't you provide an "apply" method +
  5. Why don't you provide an "apply" method in Collection to apply a given method ("upcall") to all the elements of the Collection?

    This is what is referred to as an "Internal Iterator" in the @@ -235,7 +231,7 @@ this functionality is increased by the fact that it requires a public interface to describe upcalls.

  6. -
  7. Why didn't you provide a "Predicate" +
  8. Why didn't you provide a "Predicate" interface, and related methods (e.g., a method to find the first element in the Collection satisfying the predicate)?

    It's easy to implement this functionality atop Iterators, and @@ -244,14 +240,14 @@ weight. It could be added to the Collections class at a later date (implemented atop Iterator), if it's deemed useful.

  9. -
  10. Why don't you provide a form of the +
  11. Why don't you provide a form of the addAll method that takes an Enumeration (or an Iterator)?

    Because we don't believe in using Enumerations (or Iterators) as "poor man's collections." This was occasionally done in prior releases, but now that we have the Collection interface, it is the preferred way to pass around abstract collections of objects.

  12. -
  13. Why don't the concrete implementations +
  14. Why don't the concrete implementations in the JDK have Enumeration (or Iterator) constructors?

    Again, this is an instance of an Enumeration serving as a "poor man's collection" and we're trying to discourage that. Note @@ -259,7 +255,7 @@ should have constructors that take a Collection (and create a new Collection with the same elements).

  15. -
  16. Why don't you provide an Iterator.add +
  17. Why don't you provide an Iterator.add method?

    The semantics are unclear, given that the contract for Iterator makes no guarantees about the order of iteration. Note, however, @@ -267,10 +263,10 @@ guarantee the order of the iteration.

-
+

List Interface

    -
  1. Why don't you rename the List +
  2. Why don't you rename the List interface to Sequence; doesn't "list" generally suggest "linked list"? Also, doesn't it conflict with java.awt.List?

    People were evenly divided as to whether List suggests linked @@ -285,16 +281,16 @@ import java.awt.*; import java.util.List; // Dictates interpretation of "List"

-
  • Why don't you rename List's set +
  • Why don't you rename List's set method to replace, to avoid confusion with Set.

    It was decided that the "set/get" naming convention was strongly enough enshrined in the language that we'd stick with it.

  • -
    +

    Map Interface

      -
    1. Why doesn't Map extend +
    2. Why doesn't Map extend Collection?

      This was by design. We feel that mappings are not collections and collections are not mappings. Thus, it makes little sense for @@ -317,10 +313,10 @@ Lists.

    -
    +

    Iterator Interface

      -
    1. Why doesn't Iterator extend +
    2. Why doesn't Iterator extend Enumeration?

      We view the method names for Enumeration as unfortunate. They're very long, and very frequently used. Given that we were adding a @@ -329,7 +325,7 @@ names. Of course we could support the new and old names in Iterator, but it doesn't seem worthwhile.

    3. -
    4. Why don't you provide an +
    5. Why don't you provide an Iterator.peek method that allows you to look at the next element in an iteration without advancing the iterator?

      It can be implemented atop the current Iterators (a similar @@ -338,10 +334,10 @@ that everyone has to implement.

    -
    +

    Miscellaneous

      -
    1. Why did you write a new collections +
    2. Why did you write a new collections framework instead of adopting JGL (a preexisting collections package from ObjectSpace, Inc.) into the JDK?

      If you examine the goals for our Collections framework (in the @@ -363,7 +359,7 @@ as we can to keep them small and manageable, so that Java continues to be an easy, fun language to learn and to use.

    3. -
    4. Why don't you eliminate all of the +
    5. Why don't you eliminate all of the methods and classes that return "views" (Collections backed by other collection-like objects). This would greatly reduce aliasing. @@ -380,7 +376,7 @@ taking List on input do not have to write secondary forms taking an offset and a length (as they do for arrays).

    6. -
    7. Why don't you provide for +
    8. Why don't you provide for "observable" collections that send out Events when they're modified?

      Primarily, resource constraints. If we're going to commit to @@ -390,9 +386,9 @@ facility on top of the public APIs.

    -
    +

    -Copyright © 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 500 Oracle Parkway
    +Copyright © 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 500 Oracle Parkway
    Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. All rights reserved.

    --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-index.html 2017-08-18 15:03:15.831018013 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-index.html 2017-08-18 15:03:15.615008564 -0700 @@ -1,6 +1,4 @@ - - + - + The Collections Framework @@ -71,7 +68,7 @@ frequently asked questions (FAQ) about the design of the collections framework. -
    +

    Copyright © 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 500 Oracle Parkway
    Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. All rights reserved.

    --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-overview.html 2017-08-18 15:03:16.351040758 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-overview.html 2017-08-18 15:03:16.135031310 -0700 @@ -1,7 +1,4 @@ - - - + - - + + Collections Framework Overview +

    Collections Framework Overview

    @@ -73,7 +88,7 @@
  • General-purpose implementations. Primary implementations of the collection interfaces.
  • Legacy implementations. The collection classes -from earlier releases, Vector and Hashtable, were +from earlier releases, Vector and Hashtable, were retrofitted to implement the collection interfaces.
  • Special-purpose implementations. Implementations designed for use in special situations. These @@ -101,57 +116,57 @@

    Collection Interfaces

    The collection interfaces are divided into two groups. -The most basic interface, java.util.Collection, +The most basic interface, java.util.Collection, has the following descendants:

    -

    The other collection interfaces are based on java.util.Map and are +

    The other collection interfaces are based on java.util.Map and are not true collections. However, these interfaces contain collection-view operations, which enable them to be -manipulated as collections. Map has the following +manipulated as collections. Map has the following offspring:

    Many of the modification methods in the collection interfaces are labeled optional. Implementations are permitted to not perform one or more of these operations, throwing a runtime -exception (UnsupportedOperationException) if they are +exception (UnsupportedOperationException) if they are attempted. The documentation for each implementation must specify which optional operations are supported. Several terms are introduced to aid in this specification:

    • Collections that do not support modification operations (such -as add, remove and clear) are referred +as add, remove and clear) are referred to as unmodifiable. Collections that are not unmodifiable are modifiable.
    • Collections that additionally guarantee that no change in the -Collection object will be visible are referred to as +Collection object will be visible are referred to as immutable. Collections that are not immutable are mutable.
    • Lists that guarantee that their size remains constant even @@ -161,15 +176,15 @@
    • Lists that support fast (generally constant time) indexed element access are known as random access lists. Lists that do not support fast indexed element access are known as -sequential access lists. The RandomAccess +sequential access lists. The RandomAccess marker interface enables lists to advertise the fact that they support random access. This enables generic algorithms to change their behavior to provide good performance when applied to either random or sequential access lists.

    Some implementations restrict what elements (or in the case of -Maps, keys and values) can be stored. Possible +Maps, keys and values) can be stored. Possible restrictions include requiring elements to:

    • Be of a particular type.
    • @@ -178,77 +193,70 @@

    Attempting to add an element that violates an implementation's restrictions results in a runtime exception, typically a -ClassCastException, an IllegalArgumentException, -or a NullPointerException. Attempting to remove or test +ClassCastException, an IllegalArgumentException, +or a NullPointerException. Attempting to remove or test for the presence of an element that violates an implementation's restrictions can result in an exception. Some restricted collections permit this usage.

    -
    +

    Collection Implementations

    Classes that implement the collection interfaces typically have names in the form of <Implementation-style><Interface>. The general purpose implementations are summarized in the following table:

    - +
    + - - - - - - + + + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - - - - - - + + + + + + - +
    General purpose implementations
    InterfaceHash TableResizable ArrayBalanced TreeLinked ListHash Table + Linked ListInterfaceHash TableResizable ArrayBalanced TreeLinked ListHash Table + Linked List
    SetHashSet TreeSet LinkedHashSetSetHashSet TreeSet LinkedHashSet
    List ArrayList LinkedList List ArrayList LinkedList 
    Deque ArrayDeque LinkedList Deque ArrayDeque LinkedList 
    MapHashMap TreeMap LinkedHashMapMapHashMap TreeMap LinkedHashMap

    The general-purpose implementations support all of the optional operations in the collection interfaces and have no restrictions on the elements they may contain. They are -unsynchronized, but the Collections class contains static +unsynchronized, but the Collections class contains static factories called synchronization wrappers that can be used to add @@ -256,15 +264,15 @@ implementations have fail-fast iterators, which detect invalid concurrent modification, and fail quickly and cleanly (rather than behaving erratically).

    -

    The AbstractCollection, AbstractSet, -AbstractList, AbstractSequentialList and -AbstractMap classes provide basic implementations of the +

    The AbstractCollection, AbstractSet, +AbstractList, AbstractSequentialList and +AbstractMap classes provide basic implementations of the core collection interfaces, to minimize the effort required to implement them. The API documentation for these classes describes precisely how each method is implemented so the implementer knows which methods must be overridden, given the performance of the basic operations of a specific implementation.

    -
    +

    Concurrent Collections

    Applications that use collections from more than one thread must be carefully programmed. In general, this is known as concurrent @@ -279,47 +287,47 @@ in concurrent programming.

    These concurrent-aware interfaces are available:

    The following concurrent-aware implementation classes are available. See the API documentation for the correct usage of these implementations.

    -
    +

    Design Goals

    The main design goal was to produce an API that was small in size and, more importantly, in "conceptual weight." It @@ -332,7 +340,7 @@ not attempt to capture such subtle distinctions as mutability, modifiability, and resizability. Instead, certain calls in the core interfaces are optional, enabling implementations to throw -an UnsupportedOperationException to indicate that they do +an UnsupportedOperationException to indicate that they do not support a specified optional operation. Collection implementers must clearly document which optional operations are supported by an implementation.

    @@ -346,13 +354,13 @@

    It was critical that all reasonable representations of collections interoperate well. This included arrays, which cannot -be made to implement the Collection interface directly +be made to implement the Collection interface directly without changing the language. Thus, the framework includes methods to enable collections to be moved into arrays, arrays to be viewed as collections, and maps to be viewed as collections.

    -
    +

    -Copyright © 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 500 Oracle Parkway
    +Copyright © 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 500 Oracle Parkway
    Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. All rights reserved.

    --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-reference.html 2017-08-18 15:03:16.899064729 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/doc-files/coll-reference.html 2017-08-18 15:03:16.687055455 -0700 @@ -1,7 +1,4 @@ - - - + - + Outline of the Collections Framework +

    Outline of the Collections Framework

    @@ -48,21 +45,21 @@
  • Set - The familiar set abstraction. No duplicate elements permitted. May or -may not be ordered. Extends the Collection interface.
  • +may not be ordered. Extends the Collection interface.
  • List - Ordered collection, also known as a sequence. Duplicates are generally permitted. Allows positional access. Extends the -Collection interface.
  • +Collection interface.
  • Queue - A collection designed for holding elements before processing. Besides -basic Collection operations, queues provide additional +basic Collection operations, queues provide additional insertion, extraction, and inspection operations.
  • Deque - A double ended queue, supporting element insertion and -removal at both ends. Extends the Queue interface.
  • +removal at both ends. Extends the Queue interface.
  • Map - A mapping from keys to values. Each key can map to one value.
  • @@ -70,62 +67,62 @@ "../SortedSet.html">SortedSet - A set whose elements are automatically sorted, either in their natural ordering (see the Comparable +"../../lang/Comparable.html">Comparable interface) or by a Comparator -object provided when a SortedSet instance is created. -Extends the Set interface. +"../Comparator.html">Comparator +object provided when a SortedSet instance is created. +Extends the Set interface.
  • SortedMap - A map whose mappings are automatically sorted by key, either using the natural ordering of the keys or by a comparator -provided when a SortedMap instance is created. Extends the -Map interface.
  • +provided when a SortedMap instance is created. Extends the +Map interface.
  • NavigableSet -- A SortedSet extended with navigation methods reporting -closest matches for given search targets. A NavigableSet +- A SortedSet extended with navigation methods reporting +closest matches for given search targets. A NavigableSet may be accessed and traversed in either ascending or descending order.
  • NavigableMap -- A SortedMap extended with navigation methods returning +- A SortedMap extended with navigation methods returning the closest matches for given search targets. A -NavigableMap can be accessed and traversed in either +NavigableMap can be accessed and traversed in either ascending or descending key order.
  • BlockingQueue -- A Queue with operations that wait for the queue to +- A Queue with operations that wait for the queue to become nonempty when retrieving an element and that wait for space to become available in the queue when storing an element. (This -interface is part of the java.util.concurrent +interface is part of the java.util.concurrent package.)
  • TransferQueue -- A BlockingQueue in which producers can wait for +- A BlockingQueue in which producers can wait for consumers to receive elements. (This interface is part of the -java.util.concurrent +java.util.concurrent package.)
  • BlockingDeque -- A Deque with operations that wait for the deque to +- A Deque with operations that wait for the deque to become nonempty when retrieving an element and wait for space to become available in the deque when storing an element. Extends both -the Deque and BlockingQueue interfaces. (This -interface is part of the java.util.concurrent +the Deque and BlockingQueue interfaces. (This +interface is part of the java.util.concurrent package.)
  • ConcurrentMap -- A Map with atomic putIfAbsent, remove, -and replace methods. (This interface is part of the -java.util.concurrent package.)
  • +- A Map with atomic putIfAbsent, remove, +and replace methods. (This interface is part of the +java.util.concurrent package.)
  • -ConcurrentNavigableMap - A ConcurrentMap that -is also a NavigableMap.
  • +ConcurrentNavigableMap - A ConcurrentMap that +is also a NavigableMap.
  • General-purpose implementations - The primary @@ -133,52 +130,52 @@
    • HashSet - Hash -table implementation of the Set interface. The best -all-around implementation of the Set interface.
    • +table implementation of the Set interface. The best +all-around implementation of the Set interface.
    • TreeSet -- Red-black tree implementation of the NavigableSet +- Red-black tree implementation of the NavigableSet interface.
    • LinkedHashSet -- Hash table and linked list implementation of the Set -interface. An insertion-ordered Set implementation that -runs nearly as fast as HashSet.
    • +- Hash table and linked list implementation of the Set +interface. An insertion-ordered Set implementation that +runs nearly as fast as HashSet.
    • ArrayList - -Resizable array implementation of the List interface (an -unsynchronized Vector). The best all-around implementation -of the List interface.
    • +Resizable array implementation of the List interface (an +unsynchronized Vector). The best all-around implementation +of the List interface.
    • ArrayDeque - -Efficient, resizable array implementation of the Deque +Efficient, resizable array implementation of the Deque interface.
    • LinkedList -- Doubly-linked list implementation of the List interface. -Provides better performance than the ArrayList +- Doubly-linked list implementation of the List interface. +Provides better performance than the ArrayList implementation if elements are frequently inserted or deleted -within the list. Also implements the Deque interface. When -accessed through the Queue interface, LinkedList +within the list. Also implements the Deque interface. When +accessed through the Queue interface, LinkedList acts as a FIFO queue.
    • PriorityQueue - Heap implementation of an unbounded priority queue.
    • HashMap - Hash -table implementation of the Map interface (an -unsynchronized Hashtable that supports null keys -and values). The best all-around implementation of the Map +table implementation of the Map interface (an +unsynchronized Hashtable that supports null keys +and values). The best all-around implementation of the Map interface.
    • TreeMap -Red-black tree implementation of the NavigableMap +Red-black tree implementation of the NavigableMap interface.
    • LinkedHashMap -- Hash table and linked list implementation of the Map -interface. An insertion-ordered Map implementation that -runs nearly as fast as HashMap. Also useful for building +- Hash table and linked list implementation of the Map +interface. An insertion-ordered Map implementation that +runs nearly as fast as HashMap. Also useful for building caches (see removeEldestEntry(Map.Entry) ).
    • @@ -192,9 +189,9 @@ "../Collections.html#unmodifiableCollection-java.util.Collection-"> Collections.unmodifiableInterface - Returns an unmodifiable view of a specified collection that throws -an UnsupportedOperationException if the user attempts to +an UnsupportedOperationException if the user attempts to modify it. -
    • Collections.synchronizedInterface @@ -206,7 +203,7 @@ "../Collections.html#checkedCollection-java.util.Collection-java.lang.Class-"> Collections.checkedInterface - Returns a dynamically type-safe view of the specified collection, which -throws a ClassCastException if a client attempts to add an +throws a ClassCastException if a client attempts to add an element of the wrong type. The generics mechanism in the language provides compile-time (static) type checking, but it is possible to bypass this mechanism. Dynamically type-safe views eliminate this @@ -219,12 +216,12 @@
    • newSetFromMap(Map) - Creates a general-purpose -Set implementation from a general-purpose Map +Set implementation from a general-purpose Map implementation.
    • asLifoQueue(Deque) - Returns a view of a -Deque as a Last In First Out (LIFO) Queue.
    • +Deque as a Last In First Out (LIFO) Queue.
  • Convenience implementations - High-performance @@ -259,12 +256,12 @@
    • Vector - -Synchronized resizable array implementation of the List +Synchronized resizable array implementation of the List interface with additional legacy methods.
    • Hashtable -- Synchronized hash table implementation of the Map -interface that does not allow null keys or values, plus +- Synchronized hash table implementation of the Map +interface that does not allow null keys or values, plus additional legacy methods.
  • @@ -272,18 +269,18 @@
    • WeakHashMap -- An implementation of the Map interface that stores only +- An implementation of the Map interface that stores only weak references to its keys. Storing only weak references enables key-value pairs to be garbage collected when the key is no -longer referenced outside of the WeakHashMap. This class +longer referenced outside of the WeakHashMap. This class is the easiest way to use the power of weak references. It is useful for implementing registry-like data structures, where the utility of an entry vanishes when its key is no longer reachable by any thread.
    • IdentityHashMap -- Identity-based Map implementation based on a hash table. +- Identity-based Map implementation based on a hash table. This class is useful for topology-preserving object graph transformations (such as serialization or deep copying). To perform these transformations, you must maintain an identity-based "node @@ -292,43 +289,43 @@ object-to-meta-information mappings in dynamic debuggers and similar systems. Finally, identity-based maps are useful in preventing "spoof attacks" resulting from intentionally perverse -equals methods. (IdentityHashMap never invokes the equals +equals methods. (IdentityHashMap never invokes the equals method on its keys.) An added benefit of this implementation is that it is fast.
    • CopyOnWriteArrayList -- A List implementation backed by an copy-on-write array. -All mutative operations (such as add, set, and -remove) are implemented by making a new copy of the array. +- A List implementation backed by an copy-on-write array. +All mutative operations (such as add, set, and +remove) are implemented by making a new copy of the array. No synchronization is necessary, even during iteration, and iterators are guaranteed never to throw -ConcurrentModificationException. This implementation is +ConcurrentModificationException. This implementation is well-suited to maintaining event-handler lists (where change is infrequent, and traversal is frequent and potentially time-consuming).
    • CopyOnWriteArraySet -- A Set implementation backed by a copy-on-write array. -This implementation is similar to CopyOnWriteArrayList. -Unlike most Set implementations, the add, -remove, and contains methods require time +- A Set implementation backed by a copy-on-write array. +This implementation is similar to CopyOnWriteArrayList. +Unlike most Set implementations, the add, +remove, and contains methods require time proportional to the size of the set. This implementation is well suited to maintaining event-handler lists that must prevent duplicates.
    • EnumSet - A -high-performance Set implementation backed by a bit -vector. All elements of each EnumSet instance must be +high-performance Set implementation backed by a bit +vector. All elements of each EnumSet instance must be elements of a single enum type.
    • EnumMap - A -high-performance Map implementation backed by an array. -All keys in each EnumMap instance must be elements of a +high-performance Map implementation backed by an array. +All keys in each EnumMap instance must be elements of a single enum type.
  • Concurrent implementations - These -implementations are part of java.util.concurrent. +implementations are part of java.util.concurrent.
    • ConcurrentLinkedQueue @@ -352,7 +349,7 @@
    • SynchronousQueue - A simple rendezvous mechanism that uses the -BlockingQueue interface.
    • +BlockingQueue interface.
    • LinkedBlockingDeque - An optionally bounded FIFO @@ -360,25 +357,25 @@
    • LinkedTransferQueue - An unbounded -TransferQueue backed by linked nodes.
    • +TransferQueue backed by linked nodes.
    • ConcurrentHashMap -- A highly concurrent, high-performance ConcurrentMap +- A highly concurrent, high-performance ConcurrentMap implementation based on a hash table. This implementation never blocks when performing retrievals and enables the client to select the concurrency level for updates. It is intended as a drop-in -replacement for Hashtable. In -addition to implementing ConcurrentMap, it supports all of -the legacy methods of Hashtable.
    • +replacement for Hashtable. In +addition to implementing ConcurrentMap, it supports all of +the legacy methods of Hashtable.
    • ConcurrentSkipListSet - Skips list implementation of -the NavigableSet interface.
    • +the NavigableSet interface.
    • ConcurrentSkipListMap - Skips list implementation of -the ConcurrentNavigableMap interface.
    • +the ConcurrentNavigableMap interface.
  • Abstract implementations - Skeletal @@ -387,25 +384,25 @@
    • AbstractCollection -- Skeletal Collection implementation that is neither a set +- Skeletal Collection implementation that is neither a set nor a list (such as a "bag" or multiset).
    • AbstractSet -- Skeletal Set implementation.
    • +- Skeletal Set implementation.
    • AbstractList -- Skeletal List implementation backed by a random access +- Skeletal List implementation backed by a random access data store (such as an array).
    • AbstractSequentialList -- Skeletal List implementation backed by a sequential +- Skeletal List implementation backed by a sequential access data store (such as a linked list).
    • AbstractQueue -- Skeletal Queue implementation.
    • +- Skeletal Queue implementation.
    • AbstractMap -- Skeletal Map implementation.
    • +- Skeletal Map implementation.
  • Algorithms - The
  • Iterator -- In addition to the functionality of the Enumeration +- In addition to the functionality of the Enumeration interface, enables the user to remove elements from the backing collection with well-defined, useful semantics.
  • ListIterator - Iterator for use with lists. In addition to the functionality of -the Iterator interface, supports bidirectional iteration, +the Iterator interface, supports bidirectional iteration, element replacement, element insertion, and index retrieval.
  • @@ -514,7 +511,7 @@ - Represents an order relation, which can be used to sort a list or maintain order in a sorted set or map. Can override a type's natural ordering or order objects of a type that does not implement -the Comparable interface. +the Comparable interface.
  • Runtime exceptions @@ -536,7 +533,7 @@
    • RandomAccess -- Marker interface that lets List implementations indicate +- Marker interface that lets List implementations indicate that they support fast (generally constant time) random access. This lets generic algorithms change their behavior to provide good performance when applied to either random or sequential access @@ -550,14 +547,14 @@
    • Arrays - Contains static methods to sort, search, compare, hash, copy, -resize, convert to String, and fill arrays of primitives +resize, convert to String, and fill arrays of primitives and objects.
  • -
    +

    -Copyright © 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 500 Oracle Parkway
    +Copyright © 1998, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. 500 Oracle Parkway
    Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA. All rights reserved.

    --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/regex/Pattern.java 2017-08-18 15:03:17.459089224 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/regex/Pattern.java 2017-08-18 15:03:17.243079776 -0700 @@ -81,309 +81,296 @@ * * * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * * * - * + * * - * - * + * * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * - * - * + * - * - * + * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * - * - * + * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * - * - * + * - * * - * + * * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * - * - * + * + * + * + * * - * - * - * - * + * * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * * - * - * + * + * * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * * - * - * + * * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * * * - * - * + * * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * - * - * + * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * + * * * *
    Regular expression constructs, and what they match
    ConstructMatches
    ConstructMatches
     
    Characters
    Characters
    xThe character x
    {@code \\}The backslash character
    {@code \0}nThe character with octal value {@code 0}n + *
    xThe character x
    {@code \\}The backslash character
    {@code \0}nThe character with octal value {@code 0}n * (0 {@code <=} n {@code <=} 7)
    {@code \0}nnThe character with octal value {@code 0}nn + *
    {@code \0}nnThe character with octal value {@code 0}nn * (0 {@code <=} n {@code <=} 7)
    {@code \0}mnnThe character with octal value {@code 0}mnn + *
    {@code \0}mnnThe character with octal value {@code 0}mnn * (0 {@code <=} m {@code <=} 3, * 0 {@code <=} n {@code <=} 7)
    {@code \x}hhThe character with hexadecimal value {@code 0x}hh
    \uhhhhThe character with hexadecimal value {@code 0x}hhhh
    \x{h...h}The character with hexadecimal value {@code 0x}h...h + *
    {@code \x}hhThe character with hexadecimal value {@code 0x}hh
    \uhhhhThe character with hexadecimal value {@code 0x}hhhh
    \x{h...h}The character with hexadecimal value {@code 0x}h...h * ({@link java.lang.Character#MIN_CODE_POINT Character.MIN_CODE_POINT} *  <= {@code 0x}h...h <=  * {@link java.lang.Character#MAX_CODE_POINT Character.MAX_CODE_POINT})
    \N{name}The character with Unicode character name 'name'
    {@code \t}The tab character ('\u0009')
    {@code \n}The newline (line feed) character ('\u000A')
    {@code \r}The carriage-return character ('\u000D')
    {@code \f}The form-feed character ('\u000C')
    {@code \a}The alert (bell) character ('\u0007')
    {@code \e}The escape character ('\u001B')
    {@code \c}xThe control character corresponding to x
     
    Character classes
    {@code [abc]}{@code a}, {@code b}, or {@code c} (simple class)
    {@code [^abc]}Any character except {@code a}, {@code b}, or {@code c} (negation)
    {@code [a-zA-Z]}{@code a} through {@code z} + *
    \N{name}The character with Unicode character name 'name'
    {@code \t}The tab character ('\u0009')
    {@code \n}The newline (line feed) character ('\u000A')
    {@code \r}The carriage-return character ('\u000D')
    {@code \f}The form-feed character ('\u000C')
    {@code \a}The alert (bell) character ('\u0007')
    {@code \e}The escape character ('\u001B')
    {@code \c}xThe control character corresponding to x
    Character classes
    {@code [abc]}{@code a}, {@code b}, or {@code c} (simple class)
    {@code [^abc]}Any character except {@code a}, {@code b}, or {@code c} (negation)
    {@code [a-zA-Z]}{@code a} through {@code z} * or {@code A} through {@code Z}, inclusive (range)
    {@code [a-d[m-p]]}{@code a} through {@code d}, + *
    {@code [a-d[m-p]]}{@code a} through {@code d}, * or {@code m} through {@code p}: {@code [a-dm-p]} (union)
    {@code [a-z&&[def]]}{@code d}, {@code e}, or {@code f} (intersection)
    {@code [a-z&&[^bc]]}{@code a} through {@code z}, + *
    {@code [a-z&&[def]]}{@code d}, {@code e}, or {@code f} (intersection)
    {@code [a-z&&[^bc]]}{@code a} through {@code z}, * except for {@code b} and {@code c}: {@code [ad-z]} (subtraction)
    {@code [a-z&&[^m-p]]}{@code a} through {@code z}, + *
    {@code [a-z&&[^m-p]]}{@code a} through {@code z}, * and not {@code m} through {@code p}: {@code [a-lq-z]}(subtraction)
     
    Predefined character classes
    Predefined character classes
    {@code .}Any character (may or may not match line terminators)
    {@code \d}A digit: {@code [0-9]}
    {@code \D}A non-digit: {@code [^0-9]}
    {@code \h}A horizontal whitespace character: + *
    {@code .}Any character (may or may not match line terminators)
    {@code \d}A digit: {@code [0-9]}
    {@code \D}A non-digit: {@code [^0-9]}
    {@code \h}A horizontal whitespace character: * [ \t\xA0\u1680\u180e\u2000-\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000]
    {@code \H}A non-horizontal whitespace character: {@code [^\h]}
    {@code \s}A whitespace character: {@code [ \t\n\x0B\f\r]}
    {@code \S}A non-whitespace character: {@code [^\s]}
    {@code \v}A vertical whitespace character: [\n\x0B\f\r\x85\u2028\u2029] + *
    {@code \H}A non-horizontal whitespace character: {@code [^\h]}
    {@code \s}A whitespace character: {@code [ \t\n\x0B\f\r]}
    {@code \S}A non-whitespace character: {@code [^\s]}
    {@code \v}A vertical whitespace character: [\n\x0B\f\r\x85\u2028\u2029] *
    {@code \V}A non-vertical whitespace character: {@code [^\v]}
    {@code \w}A word character: {@code [a-zA-Z_0-9]}
    {@code \W}A non-word character: {@code [^\w]}
     
    POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only)
    {@code \p{Lower}}A lower-case alphabetic character: {@code [a-z]}
    {@code \p{Upper}}An upper-case alphabetic character:{@code [A-Z]}
    {@code \p{ASCII}}All ASCII:{@code [\x00-\x7F]}
    {@code \p{Alpha}}An alphabetic character:{@code [\p{Lower}\p{Upper}]}
    {@code \p{Digit}}A decimal digit: {@code [0-9]}
    {@code \p{Alnum}}An alphanumeric character:{@code [\p{Alpha}\p{Digit}]}
    {@code \p{Punct}}Punctuation: One of {@code !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~}
    {@code \V}A non-vertical whitespace character: {@code [^\v]}
    {@code \w}A word character: {@code [a-zA-Z_0-9]}
    {@code \W}A non-word character: {@code [^\w]}
    POSIX character classes (US-ASCII only)
    {@code \p{Lower}}A lower-case alphabetic character: {@code [a-z]}
    {@code \p{Upper}}An upper-case alphabetic character:{@code [A-Z]}
    {@code \p{ASCII}}All ASCII:{@code [\x00-\x7F]}
    {@code \p{Alpha}}An alphabetic character:{@code [\p{Lower}\p{Upper}]}
    {@code \p{Digit}}A decimal digit: {@code [0-9]}
    {@code \p{Alnum}}An alphanumeric character:{@code [\p{Alpha}\p{Digit}]}
    {@code \p{Punct}}Punctuation: One of {@code !"#$%&'()*+,-./:;<=>?@[\]^_`{|}~}
    {@code \p{Graph}}A visible character: {@code [\p{Alnum}\p{Punct}]}
    {@code \p{Print}}A printable character: {@code [\p{Graph}\x20]}
    {@code \p{Blank}}A space or a tab: {@code [ \t]}
    {@code \p{Cntrl}}A control character: {@code [\x00-\x1F\x7F]}
    {@code \p{XDigit}}A hexadecimal digit: {@code [0-9a-fA-F]}
    {@code \p{Space}}A whitespace character: {@code [ \t\n\x0B\f\r]}
     
    java.lang.Character classes (simple java character type)
    {@code \p{javaLowerCase}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isLowerCase()
    {@code \p{javaUpperCase}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isUpperCase()
    {@code \p{javaWhitespace}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isWhitespace()
    {@code \p{javaMirrored}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isMirrored()
     
    Classes for Unicode scripts, blocks, categories and binary properties
    {@code \p{IsLatin}}A Latin script character (script)
    {@code \p{InGreek}}A character in the Greek block (block)
    {@code \p{Lu}}An uppercase letter (category)
    {@code \p{IsAlphabetic}}An alphabetic character (binary property)
    {@code \p{Sc}}A currency symbol
    {@code \P{InGreek}}Any character except one in the Greek block (negation)
    {@code [\p{L}&&[^\p{Lu}]]}Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction)
     
    Boundary matchers
    {@code ^}The beginning of a line
    {@code $}The end of a line
    {@code \b}A word boundary
    {@code \b{g}}A Unicode extended grapheme cluster boundary
    {@code \B}A non-word boundary
    {@code \A}The beginning of the input
    {@code \G}The end of the previous match
    {@code \Z}The end of the input but for the final + *
    {@code \p{Graph}}A visible character: {@code [\p{Alnum}\p{Punct}]}
    {@code \p{Print}}A printable character: {@code [\p{Graph}\x20]}
    {@code \p{Blank}}A space or a tab: {@code [ \t]}
    {@code \p{Cntrl}}A control character: {@code [\x00-\x1F\x7F]}
    {@code \p{XDigit}}A hexadecimal digit: {@code [0-9a-fA-F]}
    {@code \p{Space}}A whitespace character: {@code [ \t\n\x0B\f\r]}
    java.lang.Character classes (simple java character type)
    {@code \p{javaLowerCase}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isLowerCase()
    {@code \p{javaUpperCase}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isUpperCase()
    {@code \p{javaWhitespace}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isWhitespace()
    {@code \p{javaMirrored}}Equivalent to java.lang.Character.isMirrored()
    Classes for Unicode scripts, blocks, categories and binary properties
    {@code \p{IsLatin}}A Latin script character (script)
    {@code \p{InGreek}}A character in the Greek block (block)
    {@code \p{Lu}}An uppercase letter (category)
    {@code \p{IsAlphabetic}}An alphabetic character (binary property)
    {@code \p{Sc}}A currency symbol
    {@code \P{InGreek}}Any character except one in the Greek block (negation)
    {@code [\p{L}&&[^\p{Lu}]]}Any letter except an uppercase letter (subtraction)
    Boundary matchers
    {@code ^}The beginning of a line
    {@code $}The end of a line
    {@code \b}A word boundary
    {@code \b{g}}A Unicode extended grapheme cluster boundary
    {@code \B}A non-word boundary
    {@code \A}The beginning of the input
    {@code \G}The end of the previous match
    {@code \Z}The end of the input but for the final * terminator, if any
    {@code \z}The end of the input
    {@code \z}The end of the input
    Linebreak matcher
     
    Linebreak matcher
    {@code \R}Any Unicode linebreak sequence, is equivalent to + *
    {@code \R}Any Unicode linebreak sequence, is equivalent to * \u000D\u000A|[\u000A\u000B\u000C\u000D\u0085\u2028\u2029] *
     
    Unicode Extended Grapheme matcher
    {@code \X}Any Unicode extended grapheme cluster
     
    Greedy quantifiers
    X{@code ?}X, once or not at all
    X{@code *}X, zero or more times
    X{@code +}X, one or more times
    X{n}X, exactly n times
    X{n{@code ,}}X, at least n times
    X{n{@code ,}m}X, at least n but not more than m times
     
    Reluctant quantifiers
    X{@code ??}X, once or not at all
    X{@code *?}X, zero or more times
    X{@code +?}X, one or more times
    X{n}?X, exactly n times
    X{n,}?X, at least n times
    X{n{@code ,}m}?X, at least n but not more than m times
     
    Possessive quantifiers
    X{@code ?+}X, once or not at all
    X{@code *+}X, zero or more times
    X{@code ++}X, one or more times
    X{n}+X, exactly n times
    X{n,}+X, at least n times
    X{n{@code ,}m}+X, at least n but not more than m times
     
    Logical operators
    XYX followed by Y
    X{@code |}YEither X or Y
    {@code (}X{@code )}X, as a capturing group
    Unicode Extended Grapheme matcher
     
    Back references
    {@code \X}Any Unicode extended grapheme cluster
    {@code \}nWhatever the nth - * capturing group matched
    Greedy quantifiers
    X{@code ?}X, once or not at all
    X{@code *}X, zero or more times
    X{@code +}X, one or more times
    X{n}X, exactly n times
    X{n{@code ,}}X, at least n times
    X{n{@code ,}m}X, at least n but not more than m times
    Reluctant quantifiers
    X{@code ??}X, once or not at all
    X{@code *?}X, zero or more times
    X{@code +?}X, one or more times
    X{n}?X, exactly n times
    X{n,}?X, at least n times
    X{n{@code ,}m}?X, at least n but not more than m times
    Possessive quantifiers
    X{@code ?+}X, once or not at all
    X{@code *+}X, zero or more times
    X{@code ++}X, one or more times
    X{n}+X, exactly n times
    X{n,}+X, at least n times
    X{n{@code ,}m}+X, at least n but not more than m times
    Logical operators
    XYX followed by Y
    X{@code |}YEither X or Y
    {@code (}X{@code )}X, as a capturing group
    {@code \}k<name>Whatever the + *
    Back references
    {@code \}nWhatever the nth + * capturing group matched
    {@code \}k<name>Whatever the * named-capturing group "name" matched
     
    Quotation
    Quotation
    {@code \}Nothing, but quotes the following character
    {@code \Q}Nothing, but quotes all characters until {@code \E}
    {@code \E}Nothing, but ends quoting started by {@code \Q}
    {@code \}Nothing, but quotes the following character
    {@code \Q}Nothing, but quotes all characters until {@code \E}
    {@code \E}Nothing, but ends quoting started by {@code \Q}
     
    Special constructs (named-capturing and non-capturing)
    Special constructs (named-capturing and non-capturing)
    (?<name>X{@code )}X, as a named-capturing group
    {@code (?:}X{@code )}X, as a non-capturing group
    (?idmsuxU-idmsuxU) Nothing, but turns match flags i + *
    (?<name>X{@code )}X, as a named-capturing group
    {@code (?:}X{@code )}X, as a non-capturing group
    (?idmsuxU-idmsuxU) Nothing, but turns match flags i * d m s * u x U * on - off
    (?idmsux-idmsux:X{@code )}  X, as a non-capturing group with the + *
    (?idmsux-idmsux:X{@code )}  X, as a non-capturing group with the * given flags i d * m s u * x on - off
    {@code (?=}X{@code )}X, via zero-width positive lookahead
    {@code (?!}X{@code )}X, via zero-width negative lookahead
    {@code (?<=}X{@code )}X, via zero-width positive lookbehind
    {@code (?X{@code )}X, via zero-width negative lookbehind
    {@code (?>}X{@code )}X, as an independent, non-capturing group
    {@code (?=}X{@code )}X, via zero-width positive lookahead
    {@code (?!}X{@code )}X, via zero-width negative lookahead
    {@code (?<=}X{@code )}X, via zero-width positive lookbehind
    {@code (?X{@code )}X, via zero-width negative lookbehind
    {@code (?>}X{@code )}X, as an independent, non-capturing group
    @@ -432,26 +419,29 @@ *

    The precedence of character-class operators is as follows, from * highest to lowest: * - *

    + *
    * + * + * * - * + * * * - * + * * * - * + * * * - * + * * * - * + * * * * - *
    Precedence of character class operators.
    PrecedenceNameExample + *
    1    
    1Literal escape    {@code \x}
    2    
    2Grouping{@code [...]}
    3    
    3Range{@code a-z}
    4    
    4Union{@code [a-e][i-u]}
    5    
    5Intersection{@code [a-z&&[aeiou]]}
    + * * *

    Note that a different set of metacharacters are in effect inside * a character class than outside a character class. For instance, the @@ -467,18 +457,18 @@ * *

      * - *
    • A newline (line feed) character ({@code '\n'}), + *
    • A newline (line feed) character ({@code '\n'}), * *
    • A carriage-return character followed immediately by a newline - * character ({@code "\r\n"}), + * character ({@code "\r\n"}), * - *
    • A standalone carriage-return character ({@code '\r'}), + *
    • A standalone carriage-return character ({@code '\r'}), * - *
    • A next-line character ('\u0085'), + *
    • A next-line character ('\u0085'), * - *
    • A line-separator character ('\u2028'), or + *
    • A line-separator character ('\u2028'), or * - *
    • A paragraph-separator character ('\u2029'). + *
    • A paragraph-separator character ('\u2029'). * *
    *

    If {@link #UNIX_LINES} mode is activated, then the only line terminators @@ -501,19 +491,12 @@ * left to right. In the expression {@code ((A)(B(C)))}, for example, there * are four such groups:

    * - *
    - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - * - *
    Capturing group numberings
    1    {@code ((A)(B(C)))}
    2    {@code (A)}
    3    {@code (B(C))}
    4    {@code (C)}
    + *
      + *
    1. {@code ((A)(B(C)))} + *
    2. {@code (A)} + *
    3. {@code (B(C))} + *
    4. {@code (C)} + *
    * *

    Group zero always stands for the entire expression. * @@ -649,52 +632,52 @@ * of Unicode Regular Expression * , when {@link #UNICODE_CHARACTER_CLASS} flag is specified. * - * + *
    * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * - * + * * * *
    predefined and posix character classes in Unicode mode
    ClassesMatches
    ClassesMatches
    {@code \p{Lower}}
    {@code \p{Lower}}A lowercase character:{@code \p{IsLowercase}}
    {@code \p{Upper}}
    {@code \p{Upper}}An uppercase character:{@code \p{IsUppercase}}
    {@code \p{ASCII}}
    {@code \p{ASCII}}All ASCII:{@code [\x00-\x7F]}
    {@code \p{Alpha}}
    {@code \p{Alpha}}An alphabetic character:{@code \p{IsAlphabetic}}
    {@code \p{Digit}}
    {@code \p{Digit}}A decimal digit character:{@code \p{IsDigit}}
    {@code \p{Alnum}}
    {@code \p{Alnum}}An alphanumeric character:{@code [\p{IsAlphabetic}\p{IsDigit}]}
    {@code \p{Punct}}
    {@code \p{Punct}}A punctuation character:{@code \p{IsPunctuation}}
    {@code \p{Graph}}
    {@code \p{Graph}}A visible character: {@code [^\p{IsWhite_Space}\p{gc=Cc}\p{gc=Cs}\p{gc=Cn}]}
    {@code \p{Print}}
    {@code \p{Print}}A printable character: {@code [\p{Graph}\p{Blank}&&[^\p{Cntrl}]]}
    {@code \p{Blank}}
    {@code \p{Blank}}A space or a tab: {@code [\p{IsWhite_Space}&&[^\p{gc=Zl}\p{gc=Zp}\x0a\x0b\x0c\x0d\x85]]}
    {@code \p{Cntrl}}
    {@code \p{Cntrl}}A control character: {@code \p{gc=Cc}}
    {@code \p{XDigit}}
    {@code \p{XDigit}}A hexadecimal digit: {@code [\p{gc=Nd}\p{IsHex_Digit}]}
    {@code \p{Space}}
    {@code \p{Space}}A whitespace character:{@code \p{IsWhite_Space}}
    {@code \d}
    {@code \d}A digit: {@code \p{IsDigit}}
    {@code \D}
    {@code \D}A non-digit: {@code [^\d]}
    {@code \s}
    {@code \s}A whitespace character: {@code \p{IsWhite_Space}}
    {@code \S}
    {@code \S}A non-whitespace character: {@code [^\s]}
    {@code \w}
    {@code \w}A word character: {@code [\p{Alpha}\p{gc=Mn}\p{gc=Me}\p{gc=Mc}\p{Digit}\p{gc=Pc}\p{IsJoin_Control}]}
    {@code \W}
    {@code \W}A non-word character: {@code [^\w]}
    @@ -1219,34 +1202,36 @@ *

    The input {@code "boo:and:foo"}, for example, yields the following * results with these parameters: * - *

    - * + *
    Split examples showing regex, limit, and result
    + * * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * + * * * - * - * + * + * * - * - * + * + * * - * - * + * + * * - * - * + * + * * - * - * + * + * * - * - * + * + * * * - *
    Split example showing regex, limit, and result
    Regex    Limit    Result    
    RegexLimitResult
    :2
    :2{@code { "boo", "and:foo" }}
    :5
    5{@code { "boo", "and", "foo" }}
    :-2
    -2{@code { "boo", "and", "foo" }}
    o5
    o5{@code { "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }}
    o-2
    -2{@code { "b", "", ":and:f", "", "" }}
    o0
    0{@code { "b", "", ":and:f" }}
    + * * * @param input * The character sequence to be split @@ -1310,19 +1295,21 @@ *

    The input {@code "boo:and:foo"}, for example, yields the following * results with these expressions: * - *

    + *
    * * - * - * + * + * + * + * * * - * + * * - * + * * * - *
    Split examples showing regex and result
    Regex    Result
    RegexResult
    :
    :{@code { "boo", "and", "foo" }}
    o
    o{@code { "b", "", ":and:f" }}
    + * * * * @param input --- old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/spi/CalendarNameProvider.java 2017-08-18 15:03:18.187121068 -0700 +++ new/src/java.base/share/classes/java/util/spi/CalendarNameProvider.java 2017-08-18 15:03:17.975111794 -0700 @@ -46,18 +46,18 @@ * Calendar}. The following are calendar-common fields and their values to be * supported for each calendar system. * - * + *
    * * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * * * - * + * * * * * - * + * * * * * - * + * * * * @@ -86,81 +86,81 @@ * * * - * - * - * - * + * + * + * + * * * * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * - * + * + * * * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * * - * + * * * * - * - * - * + * + * + * * * * - * + * * * * Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/capchi.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/capiota.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/capsigma.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/captheta.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/capupsil.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/chi.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/iota.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/javalang.doc.anc21.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/javalang.doc.anc38.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/javalang.doc.anc40.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/javalang.doc.anc41.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/sigma1.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/theta.gif and /dev/null differ Binary files old/src/java.base/share/classes/java/lang/doc-files/upsilon.gif and /dev/null differ
    Field values
    FieldValueDescriptionFieldValueDescription
    {@link Calendar#MONTH}{@link Calendar#MONTH}{@link Calendar#JANUARY} to {@link Calendar#UNDECIMBER}Month numbering is 0-based (e.g., 0 - January, ..., 11 - * December). Some calendar systems have 13 months. Month @@ -67,13 +67,13 @@ * in both of the forms.
    {@link Calendar#DAY_OF_WEEK}{@link Calendar#DAY_OF_WEEK}{@link Calendar#SUNDAY} to {@link Calendar#SATURDAY}Day-of-week numbering is 1-based starting from Sunday (i.e., 1 - Sunday, * ..., 7 - Saturday).
    {@link Calendar#AM_PM}{@link Calendar#AM_PM}{@link Calendar#AM} to {@link Calendar#PM}0 - AM, 1 - PM
    Calendar type and field values
    Calendar TypeFieldValueDescriptionCalendar TypeFieldValueDescription
    {@code "gregory"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0{@code "gregory"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0{@link java.util.GregorianCalendar#BC} (BCE)
    11{@link java.util.GregorianCalendar#AD} (CE)
    {@code "buddhist"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0{@code "buddhist"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0BC (BCE)
    11B.E. (Buddhist Era)
    {@code "japanese"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0{@code "japanese"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0Seireki (Before Meiji)
    11Meiji
    22Taisho
    33Showa
    44Heisei
    {@link Calendar#YEAR}1{@link Calendar#YEAR}1the first year in each era. It should be returned when a long * style ({@link Calendar#LONG_FORMAT} or {@link Calendar#LONG_STANDALONE}) is * specified. See also the * Year representation in {@code SimpleDateFormat}.
    {@code "roc"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0{@code "roc"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0Before R.O.C.
    11R.O.C.
    {@code "islamic"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0{@code "islamic"}{@link Calendar#ERA}0Before AH
    11Anno Hijrah (AH)