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src/java.base/share/classes/java/net/URLEncoder.java

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   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1995, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.net;
  27 
  28 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
  29 import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
  30 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
  31 import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
  32 import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException ;
  33 import java.util.BitSet;

  34 import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
  35 
  36 /**
  37  * Utility class for HTML form encoding. This class contains static methods
  38  * for converting a String to the <CODE>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</CODE> MIME
  39  * format. For more information about HTML form encoding, consult the HTML
  40  * <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/">specification</A>.
  41  *
  42  * <p>
  43  * When encoding a String, the following rules apply:
  44  *
  45  * <ul>
  46  * <li>The alphanumeric characters &quot;{@code a}&quot; through
  47  *     &quot;{@code z}&quot;, &quot;{@code A}&quot; through
  48  *     &quot;{@code Z}&quot; and &quot;{@code 0}&quot;
  49  *     through &quot;{@code 9}&quot; remain the same.
  50  * <li>The special characters &quot;{@code .}&quot;,
  51  *     &quot;{@code -}&quot;, &quot;{@code *}&quot;, and
  52  *     &quot;{@code _}&quot; remain the same.
  53  * <li>The space character &quot; &nbsp; &quot; is


 151      *             default encoding. Instead, use the encode(String,String)
 152      *             method to specify the encoding.
 153      * @return  the translated {@code String}.
 154      */
 155     @Deprecated
 156     public static String encode(String s) {
 157 
 158         String str = null;
 159 
 160         try {
 161             str = encode(s, dfltEncName);
 162         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
 163             // The system should always have the platform default
 164         }
 165 
 166         return str;
 167     }
 168 
 169     /**
 170      * Translates a string into {@code application/x-www-form-urlencoded}
 171      * format using a specific encoding scheme. This method uses the
 172      * supplied encoding scheme to obtain the bytes for unsafe
 173      * characters.
 174      * <p>
 175      * <em><strong>Note:</strong> The <a href=
 176      * "http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/appendix/notes.html#non-ascii-chars">
 177      * World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation</a> states that
 178      * UTF-8 should be used. Not doing so may introduce
 179      * incompatibilities.</em>
 180      *
 181      * @param   s   {@code String} to be translated.
 182      * @param   enc   The name of a supported
 183      *    <a href="../lang/package-summary.html#charenc">character
 184      *    encoding</a>.
 185      * @return  the translated {@code String}.
 186      * @exception  UnsupportedEncodingException
 187      *             If the named encoding is not supported
 188      * @see URLDecoder#decode(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
 189      * @since 1.4
 190      */
 191     public static String encode(String s, String enc)
 192         throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
 193 
 194         boolean needToChange = false;
 195         StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(s.length());
 196         Charset charset;
 197         CharArrayWriter charArrayWriter = new CharArrayWriter();
 198 
 199         if (enc == null)
 200             throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");

 201 
 202         try {
 203             charset = Charset.forName(enc);
 204         } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException e) {
 205             throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc);
 206         } catch (UnsupportedCharsetException e) {
 207             throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc);
 208         }


























 209 
 210         for (int i = 0; i < s.length();) {
 211             int c = (int) s.charAt(i);
 212             //System.out.println("Examining character: " + c);
 213             if (dontNeedEncoding.get(c)) {
 214                 if (c == ' ') {
 215                     c = '+';
 216                     needToChange = true;
 217                 }
 218                 //System.out.println("Storing: " + c);
 219                 out.append((char)c);
 220                 i++;
 221             } else {
 222                 // convert to external encoding before hex conversion
 223                 do {
 224                     charArrayWriter.write(c);
 225                     /*
 226                      * If this character represents the start of a Unicode
 227                      * surrogate pair, then pass in two characters. It's not
 228                      * clear what should be done if a byte reserved in the


   1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1995, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package java.net;
  27 
  28 import java.io.UnsupportedEncodingException;
  29 import java.io.CharArrayWriter;
  30 import java.nio.charset.Charset;
  31 import java.nio.charset.IllegalCharsetNameException;
  32 import java.nio.charset.UnsupportedCharsetException ;
  33 import java.util.BitSet;
  34 import java.util.Objects;
  35 import sun.security.action.GetPropertyAction;
  36 
  37 /**
  38  * Utility class for HTML form encoding. This class contains static methods
  39  * for converting a String to the <CODE>application/x-www-form-urlencoded</CODE> MIME
  40  * format. For more information about HTML form encoding, consult the HTML
  41  * <A HREF="http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/">specification</A>.
  42  *
  43  * <p>
  44  * When encoding a String, the following rules apply:
  45  *
  46  * <ul>
  47  * <li>The alphanumeric characters &quot;{@code a}&quot; through
  48  *     &quot;{@code z}&quot;, &quot;{@code A}&quot; through
  49  *     &quot;{@code Z}&quot; and &quot;{@code 0}&quot;
  50  *     through &quot;{@code 9}&quot; remain the same.
  51  * <li>The special characters &quot;{@code .}&quot;,
  52  *     &quot;{@code -}&quot;, &quot;{@code *}&quot;, and
  53  *     &quot;{@code _}&quot; remain the same.
  54  * <li>The space character &quot; &nbsp; &quot; is


 152      *             default encoding. Instead, use the encode(String,String)
 153      *             method to specify the encoding.
 154      * @return  the translated {@code String}.
 155      */
 156     @Deprecated
 157     public static String encode(String s) {
 158 
 159         String str = null;
 160 
 161         try {
 162             str = encode(s, dfltEncName);
 163         } catch (UnsupportedEncodingException e) {
 164             // The system should always have the platform default
 165         }
 166 
 167         return str;
 168     }
 169 
 170     /**
 171      * Translates a string into {@code application/x-www-form-urlencoded}
 172      * format using a specific encoding scheme.


 173      * <p>
 174      * This method behaves the same as {@linkplain encode(String s, Charset charset)}
 175      * except that it will {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset#forName look up the charset}
 176      * using the given encoding name.


 177      *
 178      * @param   s   {@code String} to be translated.
 179      * @param   enc   The name of a supported
 180      *    <a href="../lang/package-summary.html#charenc">character
 181      *    encoding</a>.
 182      * @return  the translated {@code String}.
 183      * @throws  UnsupportedEncodingException
 184      *             If the named encoding is not supported
 185      * @see URLDecoder#decode(java.lang.String, java.lang.String)
 186      * @since 1.4
 187      */
 188     public static String encode(String s, String enc)
 189         throws UnsupportedEncodingException {
 190         if (enc == null) {






 191             throw new NullPointerException("charsetName");
 192         }
 193 
 194         try {
 195             Charset charset = Charset.forName(enc);
 196             return encode(s, charset);
 197         } catch (IllegalCharsetNameException | UnsupportedCharsetException e) {

 198             throw new UnsupportedEncodingException(enc);
 199         }
 200     }
 201 
 202     /**
 203      * Translates a string into {@code application/x-www-form-urlencoded}
 204      * format using a specific {@linkplain java.nio.charset.Charset Charset}.
 205      * This method uses the supplied charset to obtain the bytes for unsafe
 206      * characters.
 207      * <p>
 208      * <em><strong>Note:</strong> The <a href=
 209      * "http://www.w3.org/TR/html40/appendix/notes.html#non-ascii-chars">
 210      * World Wide Web Consortium Recommendation</a> states that
 211      * UTF-8 should be used. Not doing so may introduce incompatibilities.</em>
 212      *
 213      * @param   s   {@code String} to be translated.
 214      * @param charset the given charset
 215      * @return  the translated {@code String}.
 216      * @throws NullPointerException if {@code s} or {@code charset} is {@code null}.
 217      * @see URLDecoder#decode(java.lang.String, java.nio.charset.Charset)
 218      * @since 10
 219      */
 220     public static String encode(String s, Charset charset) {
 221         Objects.requireNonNull(charset, "charset");
 222 
 223         boolean needToChange = false;
 224         StringBuilder out = new StringBuilder(s.length());
 225         CharArrayWriter charArrayWriter = new CharArrayWriter();
 226 
 227         for (int i = 0; i < s.length();) {
 228             int c = (int) s.charAt(i);
 229             //System.out.println("Examining character: " + c);
 230             if (dontNeedEncoding.get(c)) {
 231                 if (c == ' ') {
 232                     c = '+';
 233                     needToChange = true;
 234                 }
 235                 //System.out.println("Storing: " + c);
 236                 out.append((char)c);
 237                 i++;
 238             } else {
 239                 // convert to external encoding before hex conversion
 240                 do {
 241                     charArrayWriter.write(c);
 242                     /*
 243                      * If this character represents the start of a Unicode
 244                      * surrogate pair, then pass in two characters. It's not
 245                      * clear what should be done if a byte reserved in the


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