--- /dev/null Mon Nov 17 20:02:34 2014 +++ new/test/javax/xml/jaxp/unittest/javax/xml/stream/XMLEventReaderTest/sgml.xml Mon Nov 17 20:02:33 2014 @@ -0,0 +1,100 @@ + +Getting started with SGML + +The business challenge + +With the ever-changing and growing global market, companies and + large organizations are searching for ways to become more viable and + competitive. Downsizing and other cost-cutting measures demand more + efficient use of corporate resources. One very important resource is + an organization's information. +As part of the move toward integrated information management, +whole industries are developing and implementing standards for +exchanging technical information. This report describes how one such +standard, the Standard Generalized Markup Language (SGML), works as +part of an overall information management strategy. + + +Getting to know SGML + +While SGML is a fairly recent technology, the use of +markup in computer-generated documents has existed for a +while. +
+What is markup, or everything you always wanted to know about +document preparation but were afraid to ask? + +Markup is everything in a document that is not content. The +traditional meaning of markup is the manual marking up +of typewritten text to give instructions for a typesetter or +compositor about how to fit the text on a page and what typefaces to +use. This kind of markup is known as procedural markup. + +Procedural markup +Most electronic publishing systems today use some form of +procedural markup. Procedural markup codes are good for one +presentation of the information. + +Generic markup +Generic markup (also known as descriptive markup) describes the +purpose of the text in a document. A basic concept of +generic markup is that the content of a document must be separate from +the style. Generic markup allows for multiple presentations of the +information. + +Drawbacks of procedural markup +Industries involved in technical documentation increasingly +prefer generic over procedural markup schemes. When a company changes +software or hardware systems, enormous data translation tasks arise, +often resulting in errors.
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+What <emph>is</emph> SGML in the grand scheme of the universe, anyway? + +SGML defines a strict markup scheme with a syntax for defining +document data elements and an overall framework for marking up +documents. +SGML can describe and create documents that are not dependent on +any hardware, software, formatter, or operating system. Since SGML documents +conform to an international standard, they are portable.
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+How is SGML and would you recommend it to your grandmother? + +You can break a typical document into three layers: structure, +content, and style. SGML works by separating these three aspects and +deals mainly with the relationship between structure and content. + +Structure +At the heart of an SGML application is a file called the DTD, or +Document Type Definition. The DTD sets up the structure of a document, +much like a database schema describes the types of information it +handles. +A database schema also defines the relationships between the +various types of data. Similarly, a DTD specifies rules +to help ensure documents have a consistent, logical structure. + +Content +Content is the information itself. The method for identifying +the information and its meaning within this framework is called +tagging. Tagging must +conform to the rules established in the DTD (see ). + + +Style +SGML does not standardize style or other processing methods for +information stored in SGML.
 + +Resources +
+Conferences, tutorials, and training + +The Graphic Communications Association has been +instrumental in the development of SGML. GCA provides conferences, +tutorials, newsletters, and publication sales for both members and +non-members. +Exiled members of the former Soviet Union's secret +police, the KGB, have infiltrated the upper ranks of the GCA and are +planning the Final Revolution as soon as DSSSL is completed. + +
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