1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  28 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
  29 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  30 #include "memory/cardTableRS.hpp"
  31 #include "memory/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  32 #include "memory/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  33 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  34 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  35 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  36 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  37 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  38 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  39 #include "services/management.hpp"
  40 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  41 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  42 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  43 #include "utilities/taskqueue.hpp"
  44 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux
  45 # include "os_linux.inline.hpp"
  46 #endif
  47 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris
  48 # include "os_solaris.inline.hpp"
  49 #endif
  50 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows
  51 # include "os_windows.inline.hpp"
  52 #endif
  53 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd
  54 # include "os_bsd.inline.hpp"
  55 #endif
  56 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  57 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
  58 #include "gc_implementation/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "gc_implementation/parallelScavenge/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  60 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  61 
  62 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  63 #define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  64 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  65 
  66 // Disable options not supported in this release, with a warning if they
  67 // were explicitly requested on the command-line
  68 #define UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(opt, description)                    \
  69 do {                                                            \
  70   if (opt) {                                                    \
  71     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(opt)) {                                 \
  72       warning(description " is disabled in this release.");     \
  73     }                                                           \
  74     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(opt, false);                               \
  75   }                                                             \
  76 } while(0)
  77 
  78 #define UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(gc)                                     \
  79 do {                                                                  \
  80   if (gc) {                                                           \
  81     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(gc)) {                                        \
  82       warning(#gc " is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC."); \
  83     }                                                                 \
  84     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(gc, false);                                      \
  85   }                                                                   \
  86 } while(0)
  87 
  88 char**  Arguments::_jvm_flags_array             = NULL;
  89 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_flags               = 0;
  90 char**  Arguments::_jvm_args_array              = NULL;
  91 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_args                = 0;
  92 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  93 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  94 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  95 bool   Arguments::_has_profile                  = false;
  96 size_t Arguments::_conservative_max_heap_alignment = 0;
  97 uintx  Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
  98 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  99 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
 100 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
 101 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
 102 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
 103 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
 104 bool   Arguments::_created_by_gamma_launcher    = false;
 105 
 106 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args(JavaVMInitArgs*)
 107 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
 108 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
 109 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
 110 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
 111 
 112 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
 113 
 114 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
 115 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
 116 
 117 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
 118 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
 119 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
 120 
 121 
 122 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_ext_dirs = NULL;
 123 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_endorsed_dirs = NULL;
 124 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
 125 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
 126 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 127 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 128 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_class_path = NULL;
 129 
 130 char* Arguments::_meta_index_path = NULL;
 131 char* Arguments::_meta_index_dir = NULL;
 132 
 133 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' remaining part of option string
 134 
 135 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 136                          const char** tail) {
 137   int len = (int)strlen(name);
 138   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 139     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 140     return true;
 141   } else {
 142     return false;
 143   }
 144 }
 145 
 146 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 147   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 148     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 149   }
 150 }
 151 
 152 // Process java launcher properties.
 153 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 154   // See if sun.java.launcher or sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 155   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 156   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 157   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 158     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 159     const char* tail;
 160 
 161     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 162       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 163       continue;
 164     }
 165     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 166       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 167       continue;
 168     }
 169   }
 170 }
 171 
 172 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 173 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 174 
 175   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 176                                                                  "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 177   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 178   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 179   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 180 
 181   // following are JVMTI agent writeable properties.
 182   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 183   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 184   _java_ext_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.ext.dirs", NULL,  true);
 185   _java_endorsed_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.endorsed.dirs", NULL,  true);
 186   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 187   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 188   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 189   _sun_boot_class_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.class.path", NULL,  true);
 190 
 191   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 192 
 193   // Add to System Property list.
 194   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_ext_dirs);
 195   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_endorsed_dirs);
 196   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 197   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 198   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 199   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 200   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_class_path);
 201 
 202   // Set OS specific system properties values
 203   os::init_system_properties_values();
 204 }
 205 
 206 
 207   // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 208 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 209   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 210   char buffer[bufsz];
 211   const char* spec_vendor = "Sun Microsystems Inc.";
 212   uint32_t spec_version = 0;
 213 
 214   if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
 215     spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 216     spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 217   }
 218   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, "1." UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 219 
 220   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 221       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 222   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 223       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 224   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 225       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 226 }
 227 
 228 /**
 229  * Provide a slightly more user-friendly way of eliminating -XX flags.
 230  * When a flag is eliminated, it can be added to this list in order to
 231  * continue accepting this flag on the command-line, while issuing a warning
 232  * and ignoring the value.  Once the JDK version reaches the 'accept_until'
 233  * limit, we flatly refuse to admit the existence of the flag.  This allows
 234  * a flag to die correctly over JDK releases using HSX.
 235  */
 236 typedef struct {
 237   const char* name;
 238   JDK_Version obsoleted_in; // when the flag went away
 239   JDK_Version accept_until; // which version to start denying the existence
 240 } ObsoleteFlag;
 241 
 242 static ObsoleteFlag obsolete_jvm_flags[] = {
 243   { "UseTrainGC",                    JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 244   { "UseSpecialLargeObjectHandling", JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 245   { "UseOversizedCarHandling",       JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 246   { "TraceCarAllocation",            JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 247   { "PrintTrainGCProcessingStats",   JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 248   { "LogOfCarSpaceSize",             JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 249   { "OversizedCarThreshold",         JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 250   { "MinTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 251   { "DefaultTickInterval",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 252   { "MaxTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 253   { "DelayTickAdjustment",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 254   { "ProcessingToTenuringRatio",     JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 255   { "MinTrainLength",                JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 256   { "AppendRatio",         JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,10), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 257   { "DefaultMaxRAM",       JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 258   { "DefaultInitialRAMFraction",
 259                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 260   { "UseDepthFirstScavengeOrder",
 261                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,22), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 262   { "HandlePromotionFailure",
 263                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 264   { "MaxLiveObjectEvacuationRatio",
 265                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 266   { "ForceSharedSpaces",   JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,25), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 267   { "UseParallelOldGCCompacting",
 268                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 269   { "UseParallelDensePrefixUpdate",
 270                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 271   { "UseParallelOldGCDensePrefix",
 272                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 273   { "AllowTransitionalJSR292",       JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 274   { "UseCompressedStrings",          JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 275   { "CMSPermGenPrecleaningEnabled", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 276   { "CMSTriggerPermRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 277   { "CMSInitiatingPermOccupancyFraction", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 278   { "AdaptivePermSizeWeight", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 279   { "PermGenPadding", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 280   { "PermMarkSweepDeadRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 281   { "PermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 282   { "MaxPermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 283   { "MinPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 284   { "MaxPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 285   { "CMSRevisitStackSize",           JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 286   { "PrintRevisitStats",             JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 287   { "UseVectoredExceptions",         JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 288   { "UseSplitVerifier",              JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 289   { "UseISM",                        JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 290   { "UsePermISM",                    JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 291   { "UseMPSS",                       JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 292   { "UseStringCache",                JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 293 #ifdef PRODUCT
 294   { "DesiredMethodLimit",
 295                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7, 2), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 296 #endif // PRODUCT
 297   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 298 };
 299 
 300 // Returns true if the flag is obsolete and fits into the range specified
 301 // for being ignored.  In the case that the flag is ignored, the 'version'
 302 // value is filled in with the version number when the flag became
 303 // obsolete so that that value can be displayed to the user.
 304 bool Arguments::is_newly_obsolete(const char *s, JDK_Version* version) {
 305   int i = 0;
 306   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 307   while (obsolete_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL) {
 308     const ObsoleteFlag& flag_status = obsolete_jvm_flags[i];
 309     // <flag>=xxx form
 310     // [-|+]<flag> form
 311     if ((strncmp(flag_status.name, s, strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0) ||
 312         ((s[0] == '+' || s[0] == '-') &&
 313         (strncmp(flag_status.name, &s[1], strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0))) {
 314       if (JDK_Version::current().compare(flag_status.accept_until) == -1) {
 315           *version = flag_status.obsoleted_in;
 316           return true;
 317       }
 318     }
 319     i++;
 320   }
 321   return false;
 322 }
 323 
 324 // Constructs the system class path (aka boot class path) from the following
 325 // components, in order:
 326 //
 327 //     prefix           // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 328 //     endorsed         // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 329 //     base             // from os::get_system_properties() or -Xbootclasspath=
 330 //     suffix           // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 331 //
 332 // java.endorsed.dirs is a list of directories; any jar or zip files in the
 333 // directories are added to the sysclasspath just before the base.
 334 //
 335 // This could be AllStatic, but it isn't needed after argument processing is
 336 // complete.
 337 class SysClassPath: public StackObj {
 338 public:
 339   SysClassPath(const char* base);
 340   ~SysClassPath();
 341 
 342   inline void set_base(const char* base);
 343   inline void add_prefix(const char* prefix);
 344   inline void add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix);
 345   inline void add_suffix(const char* suffix);
 346   inline void reset_path(const char* base);
 347 
 348   // Expand the jar/zip files in each directory listed by the java.endorsed.dirs
 349   // property.  Must be called after all command-line arguments have been
 350   // processed (in particular, -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...) and before calling
 351   // combined_path().
 352   void expand_endorsed();
 353 
 354   inline const char* get_base()     const { return _items[_scp_base]; }
 355   inline const char* get_prefix()   const { return _items[_scp_prefix]; }
 356   inline const char* get_suffix()   const { return _items[_scp_suffix]; }
 357   inline const char* get_endorsed() const { return _items[_scp_endorsed]; }
 358 
 359   // Combine all the components into a single c-heap-allocated string; caller
 360   // must free the string if/when no longer needed.
 361   char* combined_path();
 362 
 363 private:
 364   // Utility routines.
 365   static char* add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend);
 366   static char* add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory);
 367 
 368   inline void reset_item_at(int index);
 369 
 370   // Array indices for the items that make up the sysclasspath.  All except the
 371   // base are allocated in the C heap and freed by this class.
 372   enum {
 373     _scp_prefix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 374     _scp_endorsed,      // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 375     _scp_base,          // the default sysclasspath
 376     _scp_suffix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 377     _scp_nitems         // the number of items, must be last.
 378   };
 379 
 380   const char* _items[_scp_nitems];
 381   DEBUG_ONLY(bool _expansion_done;)
 382 };
 383 
 384 SysClassPath::SysClassPath(const char* base) {
 385   memset(_items, 0, sizeof(_items));
 386   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 387   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 388 }
 389 
 390 SysClassPath::~SysClassPath() {
 391   // Free everything except the base.
 392   for (int i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 393     if (i != _scp_base) reset_item_at(i);
 394   }
 395   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 396 }
 397 
 398 inline void SysClassPath::set_base(const char* base) {
 399   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 400 }
 401 
 402 inline void SysClassPath::add_prefix(const char* prefix) {
 403   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], prefix, true);
 404 }
 405 
 406 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix) {
 407   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], suffix, false);
 408 }
 409 
 410 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix(const char* suffix) {
 411   _items[_scp_suffix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_suffix], suffix, false);
 412 }
 413 
 414 inline void SysClassPath::reset_item_at(int index) {
 415   assert(index < _scp_nitems && index != _scp_base, "just checking");
 416   if (_items[index] != NULL) {
 417     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _items[index], mtInternal);
 418     _items[index] = NULL;
 419   }
 420 }
 421 
 422 inline void SysClassPath::reset_path(const char* base) {
 423   // Clear the prefix and suffix.
 424   reset_item_at(_scp_prefix);
 425   reset_item_at(_scp_suffix);
 426   set_base(base);
 427 }
 428 
 429 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 430 
 431 void SysClassPath::expand_endorsed() {
 432   assert(_items[_scp_endorsed] == NULL, "can only be called once.");
 433 
 434   const char* path = Arguments::get_property("java.endorsed.dirs");
 435   if (path == NULL) {
 436     path = Arguments::get_endorsed_dir();
 437     assert(path != NULL, "no default for java.endorsed.dirs");
 438   }
 439 
 440   char* expanded_path = NULL;
 441   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 442   const char* const end = path + strlen(path);
 443   while (path < end) {
 444     const char* tmp_end = strchr(path, separator);
 445     if (tmp_end == NULL) {
 446       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, path);
 447       path = end;
 448     } else {
 449       char* dirpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, tmp_end - path + 1, mtInternal);
 450       memcpy(dirpath, path, tmp_end - path);
 451       dirpath[tmp_end - path] = '\0';
 452       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, dirpath);
 453       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dirpath, mtInternal);
 454       path = tmp_end + 1;
 455     }
 456   }
 457   _items[_scp_endorsed] = expanded_path;
 458   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = true;)
 459 }
 460 
 461 // Combine the bootclasspath elements, some of which may be null, into a single
 462 // c-heap-allocated string.
 463 char* SysClassPath::combined_path() {
 464   assert(_items[_scp_base] != NULL, "empty default sysclasspath");
 465   assert(_expansion_done, "must call expand_endorsed() first.");
 466 
 467   size_t lengths[_scp_nitems];
 468   size_t total_len = 0;
 469 
 470   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 471 
 472   // Get the lengths.
 473   int i;
 474   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 475     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 476       lengths[i] = strlen(_items[i]);
 477       // Include space for the separator char (or a NULL for the last item).
 478       total_len += lengths[i] + 1;
 479     }
 480   }
 481   assert(total_len > 0, "empty sysclasspath not allowed");
 482 
 483   // Copy the _items to a single string.
 484   char* cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, total_len, mtInternal);
 485   char* cp_tmp = cp;
 486   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 487     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 488       memcpy(cp_tmp, _items[i], lengths[i]);
 489       cp_tmp += lengths[i];
 490       *cp_tmp++ = separator;
 491     }
 492   }
 493   *--cp_tmp = '\0';     // Replace the extra separator.
 494   return cp;
 495 }
 496 
 497 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 498 char*
 499 SysClassPath::add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend) {
 500   char *cp;
 501 
 502   assert(str != NULL, "just checking");
 503   if (path == NULL) {
 504     size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
 505     cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 506     memcpy(cp, str, len);                       // copy the trailing null
 507   } else {
 508     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 509     size_t old_len = strlen(path);
 510     size_t str_len = strlen(str);
 511     size_t len = old_len + str_len + 2;
 512 
 513     if (prepend) {
 514       cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 515       char* cp_tmp = cp;
 516       memcpy(cp_tmp, str, str_len);
 517       cp_tmp += str_len;
 518       *cp_tmp = separator;
 519       memcpy(++cp_tmp, path, old_len + 1);      // copy the trailing null
 520       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, mtInternal);
 521     } else {
 522       cp = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, len, mtInternal);
 523       char* cp_tmp = cp + old_len;
 524       *cp_tmp = separator;
 525       memcpy(++cp_tmp, str, str_len + 1);       // copy the trailing null
 526     }
 527   }
 528   return cp;
 529 }
 530 
 531 // Scan the directory and append any jar or zip files found to path.
 532 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 533 char* SysClassPath::add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory) {
 534   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
 535   if (dir == NULL) return path;
 536 
 537   char dir_sep[2] = { '\0', '\0' };
 538   size_t directory_len = strlen(directory);
 539   const char fileSep = *os::file_separator();
 540   if (directory[directory_len - 1] != fileSep) dir_sep[0] = fileSep;
 541 
 542   /* Scan the directory for jars/zips, appending them to path. */
 543   struct dirent *entry;
 544   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtInternal);
 545   while ((entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
 546     const char* name = entry->d_name;
 547     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
 548     bool isJarOrZip = ext > name &&
 549       (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0 ||
 550        os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".zip") == 0);
 551     if (isJarOrZip) {
 552       char* jarpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, directory_len + 2 + strlen(name), mtInternal);
 553       sprintf(jarpath, "%s%s%s", directory, dir_sep, name);
 554       path = add_to_path(path, jarpath, false);
 555       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jarpath, mtInternal);
 556     }
 557   }
 558   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf, mtInternal);
 559   os::closedir(dir);
 560   return path;
 561 }
 562 
 563 // Parses a memory size specification string.
 564 static bool atomull(const char *s, julong* result) {
 565   julong n = 0;
 566   int args_read = sscanf(s, JULONG_FORMAT, &n);
 567   if (args_read != 1) {
 568     return false;
 569   }
 570   while (*s != '\0' && isdigit(*s)) {
 571     s++;
 572   }
 573   // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
 574   if (strlen(s) > 1) {
 575     return false;
 576   }
 577   switch (*s) {
 578     case 'T': case 't':
 579       *result = n * G * K;
 580       // Check for overflow.
 581       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 582       return true;
 583     case 'G': case 'g':
 584       *result = n * G;
 585       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 586       return true;
 587     case 'M': case 'm':
 588       *result = n * M;
 589       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 590       return true;
 591     case 'K': case 'k':
 592       *result = n * K;
 593       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 594       return true;
 595     case '\0':
 596       *result = n;
 597       return true;
 598     default:
 599       return false;
 600   }
 601 }
 602 
 603 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size) {
 604   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 605   // Check that size will fit in a size_t (only relevant on 32-bit)
 606   if (size > max_uintx) return arg_too_big;
 607   return arg_in_range;
 608 }
 609 
 610 // Describe an argument out of range error
 611 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 612   switch(errcode) {
 613   case arg_too_big:
 614     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 615                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 616                 "representable size.\n");
 617     break;
 618   case arg_too_small:
 619   case arg_unreadable:
 620   case arg_in_range:
 621     // do nothing for now
 622     break;
 623   default:
 624     ShouldNotReachHere();
 625   }
 626 }
 627 
 628 static bool set_bool_flag(char* name, bool value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 629   return CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 630 }
 631 
 632 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 633   double v;
 634   if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &v) != 1) {
 635     return false;
 636   }
 637 
 638   if (CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin)) {
 639     return true;
 640   }
 641   return false;
 642 }
 643 
 644 static bool set_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 645   julong v;
 646   intx intx_v;
 647   bool is_neg = false;
 648   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
 649   if (*value == '-') {
 650     if (!CommandLineFlags::intxAt(name, &intx_v)) {
 651       return false;
 652     }
 653     value++;
 654     is_neg = true;
 655   }
 656   if (!atomull(value, &v)) {
 657     return false;
 658   }
 659   intx_v = (intx) v;
 660   if (is_neg) {
 661     intx_v = -intx_v;
 662   }
 663   if (CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut(name, &intx_v, origin)) {
 664     return true;
 665   }
 666   uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 667   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut(name, &uintx_v, origin)) {
 668     return true;
 669   }
 670   uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 671   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut(name, &uint64_t_v, origin)) {
 672     return true;
 673   }
 674   return false;
 675 }
 676 
 677 static bool set_string_flag(char* name, const char* value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 678   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin))  return false;
 679   // Contract:  CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 680   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 681   return true;
 682 }
 683 
 684 static bool append_to_string_flag(char* name, const char* new_value, Flag::Flags origin) {
 685   const char* old_value = "";
 686   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt(name, &old_value))  return false;
 687   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 688   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 689   const char* value;
 690   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 691   if (old_len == 0) {
 692     value = new_value;
 693   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 694     value = old_value;
 695   } else {
 696     char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, old_len + 1 + new_len + 1, mtInternal);
 697     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 698     sprintf(buf, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 699     value = buf;
 700     free_this_too = buf;
 701   }
 702   (void) CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 703   // CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 704   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 705   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 706     // CommandLineFlags made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 707     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too, mtInternal);
 708   }
 709   return true;
 710 }
 711 
 712 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, Flag::Flags origin) {
 713 
 714   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
 715 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
 716 #define BUFLEN 255
 717   char name[BUFLEN+1];
 718   char dummy;
 719 
 720   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 721     return set_bool_flag(name, false, origin);
 722   }
 723   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 724     return set_bool_flag(name, true, origin);
 725   }
 726 
 727   char punct;
 728   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 729     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 730     Flag* flag = Flag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 731     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
 732       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 733         return append_to_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 734       } else {
 735         if (value[0] == '\0') {
 736           value = NULL;
 737         }
 738         return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 739       }
 740     }
 741   }
 742 
 743   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 744     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 745     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 746     if (value[0] == '\0') {
 747       value = NULL;
 748     }
 749     return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 750   }
 751 
 752 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.]"
 753 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
 754 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789]"
 755   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
 756   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
 757   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
 758     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
 759     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 760       return set_fp_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 761     }
 762   }
 763 
 764 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtKMGT0123456789]"
 765   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 766     return set_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 767   }
 768 
 769   return false;
 770 }
 771 
 772 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 773   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
 774 
 775   if (arg == NULL) {
 776     return;
 777   }
 778 
 779   int new_count = *count + 1;
 780 
 781   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 782   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
 783     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, new_count, mtInternal);
 784   } else {
 785     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, new_count, mtInternal);
 786   }
 787   (*bldarray)[*count] = strdup(arg);
 788   *count = new_count;
 789 }
 790 
 791 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
 792   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
 793 }
 794 
 795 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
 796   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
 797 }
 798 
 799 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
 800 // strings in a given char** array
 801 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
 802   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
 803     return NULL;
 804   }
 805   size_t length = strlen(args[0]) + 1; // add 1 for the null terminator
 806   for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
 807     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space
 808   }
 809   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
 810   strcpy(s, args[0]);
 811   for (int j = 1; j < count; j++) {
 812     strcat(s, " ");
 813     strcat(s, args[j]);
 814   }
 815   return (const char*) s;
 816 }
 817 
 818 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
 819   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
 820   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
 821     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
 822   }
 823   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
 824     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
 825   }
 826   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
 827   if (_java_class_path != NULL) {
 828     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
 829     st->print_cr("java_class_path (initial): %s", strlen(path) == 0 ? "<not set>" : path );
 830   }
 831   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
 832 }
 833 
 834 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
 835   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
 836     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
 837       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
 838     }
 839     st->print_cr("");
 840   }
 841 }
 842 
 843 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
 844   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
 845     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
 846       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
 847     }
 848     st->print_cr("");
 849   }
 850 }
 851 
 852 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
 853     jboolean ignore_unrecognized, Flag::Flags origin) {
 854 
 855   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 856 
 857   if (parse_argument(arg, origin) || ignore_unrecognized) {
 858     return true;
 859   }
 860 
 861   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
 862   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
 863   if (is_newly_obsolete(arg, &since)) {
 864     char version[256];
 865     since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 866     warning("ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", argname, version);
 867     return true;
 868   }
 869 
 870   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
 871   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
 872 
 873   size_t arg_len;
 874   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
 875   if (equal_sign == NULL) {
 876     arg_len = strlen(argname);
 877   } else {
 878     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
 879   }
 880 
 881   Flag* found_flag = Flag::find_flag((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
 882   if (found_flag != NULL) {
 883     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
 884     found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
 885     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
 886       if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
 887         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 888           "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 889       } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
 890         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 891           "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 892       } else {
 893         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 894           "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 895       }
 896     } else {
 897       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
 898     }
 899   } else {
 900     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 901                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 902     Flag* fuzzy_matched = Flag::fuzzy_match((const char*)argname, arg_len, true);
 903     if (fuzzy_matched != NULL) {
 904       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 905                   "Did you mean '%s%s%s'?\n",
 906                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "(+/-)" : "",
 907                   fuzzy_matched->_name,
 908                   (fuzzy_matched->is_bool()) ? "" : "=<value>");
 909     }
 910   }
 911 
 912   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
 913   return arg[0] == '#';
 914 }
 915 
 916 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
 917   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
 918   if (stream == NULL) {
 919     if (should_exist) {
 920       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 921                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
 922       return false;
 923     } else {
 924       return true;
 925     }
 926   }
 927 
 928   char token[1024];
 929   int  pos = 0;
 930 
 931   bool in_white_space = true;
 932   bool in_comment     = false;
 933   bool in_quote       = false;
 934   char quote_c        = 0;
 935   bool result         = true;
 936 
 937   int c = getc(stream);
 938   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
 939     if (in_white_space) {
 940       if (in_comment) {
 941         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
 942       } else {
 943         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
 944         else if (!isspace(c)) {
 945           in_white_space = false;
 946           token[pos++] = c;
 947         }
 948       }
 949     } else {
 950       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
 951         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
 952         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
 953         token[pos] = '\0';
 954         logOption(token);
 955         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
 956         build_jvm_flags(token);
 957         pos = 0;
 958         in_white_space = true;
 959         in_quote = false;
 960       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 961         in_quote = true;
 962         quote_c = c;
 963       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
 964         in_quote = false;
 965       } else {
 966         token[pos++] = c;
 967       }
 968     }
 969     c = getc(stream);
 970   }
 971   if (pos > 0) {
 972     token[pos] = '\0';
 973     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, Flag::CONFIG_FILE);
 974     build_jvm_flags(token);
 975   }
 976   fclose(stream);
 977   return result;
 978 }
 979 
 980 //=============================================================================================================
 981 // Parsing of properties (-D)
 982 
 983 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
 984   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
 985 }
 986 
 987 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop) {
 988   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
 989   char* key;
 990   // ns must be static--its address may be stored in a SystemProperty object.
 991   const static char ns[1] = {0};
 992   char* value = (char *)ns;
 993 
 994   size_t key_len = (eq == NULL) ? strlen(prop) : (eq - prop);
 995   key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtInternal);
 996   strncpy(key, prop, key_len);
 997   key[key_len] = '\0';
 998 
 999   if (eq != NULL) {
1000     size_t value_len = strlen(prop) - key_len - 1;
1001     value = AllocateHeap(value_len + 1, mtInternal);
1002     strncpy(value, &prop[key_len + 1], value_len + 1);
1003   }
1004 
1005   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
1006     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
1007     FreeHeap(key);
1008     if (eq != NULL) {
1009       FreeHeap(value);
1010     }
1011     return true;
1012   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
1013     _java_command = value;
1014 
1015     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
1016   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
1017     // launcher.pid property is private and is processed
1018     // in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
1019     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
1020     FreeHeap(key);
1021     if (eq != NULL) {
1022       FreeHeap(value);
1023     }
1024     return true;
1025   } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
1026     // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
1027     // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
1028     _java_vendor_url_bug = value;
1029   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
1030     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, true);
1031     return true;
1032   }
1033   // Create new property and add at the end of the list
1034   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value);
1035   return true;
1036 }
1037 
1038 //===========================================================================================================
1039 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1040 
1041 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1042   // Set up default values for all flags.
1043   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1044   // add a default value for it here.
1045   set_java_compiler(false);
1046   _mode                      = mode;
1047 
1048   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1049   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1050   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1051                           (char*)VM_Version::vm_info_string(), false);
1052 
1053   UseInterpreter             = true;
1054   UseCompiler                = true;
1055   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1056 
1057 #ifndef ZERO
1058   // Turn these off for mixed and comp.  Leave them on for Zero.
1059   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastAccessorMethods)) {
1060     UseFastAccessorMethods = (mode == _int);
1061   }
1062   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastEmptyMethods)) {
1063     UseFastEmptyMethods = (mode == _int);
1064   }
1065 #endif
1066 
1067   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1068   // use the saved values
1069   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1070   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1071   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1072   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1073 
1074   // Change from defaults based on mode
1075   switch (mode) {
1076   default:
1077     ShouldNotReachHere();
1078     break;
1079   case _int:
1080     UseCompiler              = false;
1081     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1082     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1083     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1084     break;
1085   case _mixed:
1086     // same as default
1087     break;
1088   case _comp:
1089     UseInterpreter           = false;
1090     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1091     ClipInlining             = false;
1092     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1093     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1094     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1095     if (TieredCompilation) {
1096       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1097       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1098     }
1099     break;
1100   }
1101 }
1102 
1103 #if defined(COMPILER2) || defined(_LP64) || !INCLUDE_CDS
1104 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1105 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1106 
1107 static void no_shared_spaces() {
1108   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1109     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1110       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1111     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", NULL);
1112   } else {
1113     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1114   }
1115 }
1116 #endif
1117 
1118 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1119   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1120   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1121     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1122   }
1123   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1124     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1125       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1126   }
1127   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1128   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1129     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 5);
1130   }
1131   if (!UseInterpreter) { // -Xcomp
1132     Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1133     Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1134   }
1135 }
1136 
1137 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1138 static void disable_adaptive_size_policy(const char* collector_name) {
1139   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1140     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy)) {
1141       warning("disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with %s.",
1142               collector_name);
1143     }
1144     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy, false);
1145   }
1146 }
1147 
1148 void Arguments::set_parnew_gc_flags() {
1149   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC && !UseG1GC,
1150          "control point invariant");
1151   assert(UseParNewGC, "Error");
1152 
1153   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy for parnew until it is complete.
1154   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseParNewGC");
1155 
1156   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads)) {
1157     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1158     assert(ParallelGCThreads > 0, "We should always have at least one thread by default");
1159   } else if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1160     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1161         "The ParNew GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1162     vm_exit(1);
1163   }
1164 
1165   // By default YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize are set to 4096 and 1024 respectively,
1166   // these settings are default for Parallel Scavenger. For ParNew+Tenured configuration
1167   // we set them to 1024 and 1024.
1168   // See CR 6362902.
1169   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize)) {
1170     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1171   }
1172   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1173     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1174   }
1175 
1176   // AlwaysTenure flag should make ParNew promote all at first collection.
1177   // See CR 6362902.
1178   if (AlwaysTenure) {
1179     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0);
1180   }
1181   // When using compressed oops, we use local overflow stacks,
1182   // rather than using a global overflow list chained through
1183   // the klass word of the object's pre-image.
1184   if (UseCompressedOops && !ParGCUseLocalOverflow) {
1185     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow)) {
1186       warning("Forcing +ParGCUseLocalOverflow: needed if using compressed references");
1187     }
1188     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow, true);
1189   }
1190   assert(ParGCUseLocalOverflow || !UseCompressedOops, "Error");
1191 }
1192 
1193 // Adjust some sizes to suit CMS and/or ParNew needs; these work well on
1194 // sparc/solaris for certain applications, but would gain from
1195 // further optimization and tuning efforts, and would almost
1196 // certainly gain from analysis of platform and environment.
1197 void Arguments::set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags() {
1198   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC, "Error");
1199   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1200 
1201   // If we are using CMS, we prefer to UseParNewGC,
1202   // unless explicitly forbidden.
1203   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC)) {
1204     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParNewGC, true);
1205   }
1206 
1207   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy by default for cms until it is complete.
1208   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseConcMarkSweepGC");
1209 
1210   // In either case, adjust ParallelGCThreads and/or UseParNewGC
1211   // as needed.
1212   if (UseParNewGC) {
1213     set_parnew_gc_flags();
1214   }
1215 
1216   size_t max_heap = align_size_down(MaxHeapSize,
1217                                     CardTableRS::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
1218 
1219   // Now make adjustments for CMS
1220   intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;
1221   size_t young_gen_per_worker = CMSYoungGenPerWorker;
1222 
1223   // Preferred young gen size for "short" pauses:
1224   // upper bound depends on # of threads and NewRatio.
1225   const uintx parallel_gc_threads =
1226     (ParallelGCThreads == 0 ? 1 : ParallelGCThreads);
1227   const size_t preferred_max_new_size_unaligned =
1228     MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * parallel_gc_threads));
1229   size_t preferred_max_new_size =
1230     align_size_up(preferred_max_new_size_unaligned, os::vm_page_size());
1231 
1232   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size young gen
1233   // for "short" pauses ~ CMSYoungGenPerWorker*ParallelGCThreads
1234 
1235   // If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
1236   // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
1237   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {
1238 
1239     // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
1240     // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
1241     // preferred_max_new_size.
1242     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
1243       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
1244     } else {
1245       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
1246     }
1247     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1248       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1249       tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
1250     }
1251 
1252     // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
1253     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1254       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1255       tty->print_cr("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT
1256            " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT
1257            " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
1258            min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
1259     }
1260     size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
1261     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
1262       min_new = NewSize;
1263     }
1264     if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
1265       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
1266       // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
1267       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1268         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
1269         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
1270         if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1271           // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1272           tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
1273         }
1274       }
1275       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
1276       // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
1277       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
1278         if (max_heap > NewSize) {
1279           FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
1280           if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1281             // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1282             tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
1283           }
1284         }
1285       }
1286     }
1287   }
1288   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
1289   // promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
1290   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
1291       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1292     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
1293   }
1294   // If we decided above (or user explicitly requested)
1295   // `promote all' (via MaxTenuringThreshold := 0),
1296   // prefer minuscule survivor spaces so as not to waste
1297   // space for (non-existent) survivors
1298   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio) && MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
1299     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, SurvivorRatio, MAX2((uintx)1024, SurvivorRatio));
1300   }
1301   // If OldPLABSize is set and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is not,
1302   // set CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim equal to OldPLABSize.
1303   // This is done in order to make ParNew+CMS configuration to work
1304   // with YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize options.
1305   // See CR 6362902.
1306   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1307     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1308       // OldPLABSize is not the default value but CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim
1309       // is.  In this situtation let CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim follow
1310       // the value (either from the command line or ergonomics) of
1311       // OldPLABSize.  Following OldPLABSize is an ergonomics decision.
1312       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, OldPLABSize);
1313     } else {
1314       // OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim are both set.
1315       // CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is a collector-specific flag, so
1316       // we'll let it to take precedence.
1317       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1318                   "Both OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim"
1319                   " options are specified for the CMS collector."
1320                   " CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim will take precedence.\n");
1321     }
1322   }
1323   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ResizeOldPLAB) && !ResizeOldPLAB) {
1324     // OldPLAB sizing manually turned off: Use a larger default setting,
1325     // unless it was manually specified. This is because a too-low value
1326     // will slow down scavenges.
1327     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1328       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, 50); // default value before 6631166
1329     }
1330   }
1331   // Overwrite OldPLABSize which is the variable we will internally use everywhere.
1332   FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldPLABSize, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim);
1333   // If either of the static initialization defaults have changed, note this
1334   // modification.
1335   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABWeight)) {
1336     CFLS_LAB::modify_initialization(OldPLABSize, OldPLABWeight);
1337   }
1338   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1339     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1340       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1341     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1342   }
1343 }
1344 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1345 
1346 void set_object_alignment() {
1347   // Object alignment.
1348   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1349   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1350   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1351   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1352   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1353   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1354 
1355   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1356   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1357 
1358   // Oop encoding heap max
1359   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1360 
1361 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1362   // Set CMS global values
1363   CompactibleFreeListSpace::set_cms_values();
1364 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1365 }
1366 
1367 bool verify_object_alignment() {
1368   // Object alignment.
1369   if (!is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes)) {
1370     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1371                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be power of 2\n",
1372                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1373     return false;
1374   }
1375   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes < BytesPerLong) {
1376     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1377                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be greater or equal %d\n",
1378                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, BytesPerLong);
1379     return false;
1380   }
1381   // It does not make sense to have big object alignment
1382   // since a space lost due to alignment will be greater
1383   // then a saved space from compressed oops.
1384   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes > 256) {
1385     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1386                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must not be greater than 256\n",
1387                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1388     return false;
1389   }
1390   // In case page size is very small.
1391   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes >= os::vm_page_size()) {
1392     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1393                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be less than page size %d\n",
1394                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, os::vm_page_size());
1395     return false;
1396   }
1397   return true;
1398 }
1399 
1400 uintx Arguments::max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1401   // Avoid sign flip.
1402   assert(OopEncodingHeapMax > (uint64_t)os::vm_page_size(), "Unusual page size");
1403   // We need to fit both the NULL page and the heap into the memory budget, while
1404   // keeping alignment constraints of the heap. To guarantee the latter, as the
1405   // NULL page is located before the heap, we pad the NULL page to the conservative
1406   // maximum alignment that the GC may ever impose upon the heap.
1407   size_t displacement_due_to_null_page = align_size_up_(os::vm_page_size(),
1408                                                         _conservative_max_heap_alignment);
1409 
1410   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - displacement_due_to_null_page);
1411   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1412 }
1413 
1414 bool Arguments::should_auto_select_low_pause_collector() {
1415   if (UseAutoGCSelectPolicy &&
1416       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis) &&
1417       (MaxGCPauseMillis <= AutoGCSelectPauseMillis)) {
1418     if (PrintGCDetails) {
1419       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1420       tty->print_cr("Automatic selection of the low pause collector"
1421        " based on pause goal of %d (ms)", MaxGCPauseMillis);
1422     }
1423     return true;
1424   }
1425   return false;
1426 }
1427 
1428 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1429 #ifndef ZERO
1430 #ifdef _LP64
1431   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1432   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1433   // to use UseCompressedOops is InitialHeapSize.
1434   size_t max_heap_size = MAX2(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize);
1435 
1436   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1437 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1438     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1439       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1440     }
1441 #endif
1442 #ifdef _WIN64
1443     if (UseLargePages && UseCompressedOops) {
1444       // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed addressing
1445       // mode, when large pages are specified on windows.
1446       // This flag could be switched ON if narrow oop base address is set to 0,
1447       // see code in Universe::initialize_heap().
1448       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
1449     }
1450 #endif //  _WIN64
1451   } else {
1452     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1453       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1454       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1455       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1456     }
1457   }
1458 #endif // _LP64
1459 #endif // ZERO
1460 }
1461 
1462 
1463 // NOTE: set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1464 // set_use_compressed_oops().
1465 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() {
1466 #ifndef ZERO
1467 #ifdef _LP64
1468   // UseCompressedOops must be on for UseCompressedClassPointers to be on.
1469   if (!UseCompressedOops) {
1470     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1471       warning("UseCompressedClassPointers requires UseCompressedOops");
1472     }
1473     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1474   } else {
1475     // Turn on UseCompressedClassPointers too
1476     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers)) {
1477       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedClassPointers, true);
1478     }
1479     // Check the CompressedClassSpaceSize to make sure we use compressed klass ptrs.
1480     if (UseCompressedClassPointers) {
1481       if (CompressedClassSpaceSize > KlassEncodingMetaspaceMax) {
1482         warning("CompressedClassSpaceSize is too large for UseCompressedClassPointers");
1483         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false);
1484       }
1485     }
1486   }
1487 #endif // _LP64
1488 #endif // !ZERO
1489 }
1490 
1491 void Arguments::set_conservative_max_heap_alignment() {
1492   // The conservative maximum required alignment for the heap is the maximum of
1493   // the alignments imposed by several sources: any requirements from the heap
1494   // itself, the collector policy and the maximum page size we may run the VM
1495   // with.
1496   size_t heap_alignment = GenCollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1497 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1498   if (UseParallelGC) {
1499     heap_alignment = ParallelScavengeHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1500   } else if (UseG1GC) {
1501     heap_alignment = G1CollectedHeap::conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1502   }
1503 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1504   _conservative_max_heap_alignment = MAX3(heap_alignment, os::max_page_size(),
1505     CollectorPolicy::compute_heap_alignment());
1506 }
1507 
1508 void Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1509 
1510   if (os::is_server_class_machine()) {
1511     // If no other collector is requested explicitly,
1512     // let the VM select the collector based on
1513     // machine class and automatic selection policy.
1514     if (!UseSerialGC &&
1515         !UseConcMarkSweepGC &&
1516         !UseG1GC &&
1517         !UseParNewGC &&
1518         FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC)) {
1519       if (should_auto_select_low_pause_collector()) {
1520         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
1521       } else {
1522         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
1523       }
1524     }
1525   }
1526 #ifdef COMPILER2
1527   // Shared spaces work fine with other GCs but causes bytecode rewriting
1528   // to be disabled, which hurts interpreter performance and decreases
1529   // server performance.  When -server is specified, keep the default off
1530   // unless it is asked for.  Future work: either add bytecode rewriting
1531   // at link time, or rewrite bytecodes in non-shared methods.
1532   if (!DumpSharedSpaces && !RequireSharedSpaces &&
1533       (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces) || !UseSharedSpaces)) {
1534     no_shared_spaces();
1535   }
1536 #endif
1537 
1538   set_conservative_max_heap_alignment();
1539 
1540 #ifndef ZERO
1541 #ifdef _LP64
1542   set_use_compressed_oops();
1543 
1544   // set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs() must be called after calling
1545   // set_use_compressed_oops().
1546   set_use_compressed_klass_ptrs();
1547 
1548   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1549   // in vm_version initialization code.
1550 #endif // _LP64
1551 #endif // !ZERO
1552 }
1553 
1554 void Arguments::set_parallel_gc_flags() {
1555   assert(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC, "Error");
1556   // Enable ParallelOld unless it was explicitly disabled (cmd line or rc file).
1557   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC)) {
1558     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, true);
1559   }
1560   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, true);
1561 
1562   // If no heap maximum was requested explicitly, use some reasonable fraction
1563   // of the physical memory, up to a maximum of 1GB.
1564   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1565                    Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1566   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1567     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1568         "The Parallel GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1569     vm_exit(1);
1570   }
1571 
1572 
1573   // If InitialSurvivorRatio or MinSurvivorRatio were not specified, but the
1574   // SurvivorRatio has been set, reset their default values to SurvivorRatio +
1575   // 2.  By doing this we make SurvivorRatio also work for Parallel Scavenger.
1576   // See CR 6362902 for details.
1577   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1578     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio)) {
1579        FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1580     }
1581     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio)) {
1582       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1583     }
1584   }
1585 
1586   if (UseParallelOldGC) {
1587     // Par compact uses lower default values since they are treated as
1588     // minimums.  These are different defaults because of the different
1589     // interpretation and are not ergonomically set.
1590     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1591       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio, 1);
1592     }
1593   }
1594 }
1595 
1596 void Arguments::set_g1_gc_flags() {
1597   assert(UseG1GC, "Error");
1598 #ifdef COMPILER1
1599   FastTLABRefill = false;
1600 #endif
1601   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1602                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1603   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1604     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1605                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1606   }
1607 
1608   // MarkStackSize will be set (if it hasn't been set by the user)
1609   // when concurrent marking is initialized.
1610   // Its value will be based upon the number of parallel marking threads.
1611   // But we do set the maximum mark stack size here.
1612   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax)) {
1613     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax, 128 * TASKQUEUE_SIZE);
1614   }
1615 
1616   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio) || GCTimeRatio == 0) {
1617     // In G1, we want the default GC overhead goal to be higher than
1618     // say in PS. So we set it here to 10%. Otherwise the heap might
1619     // be expanded more aggressively than we would like it to. In
1620     // fact, even 10% seems to not be high enough in some cases
1621     // (especially small GC stress tests that the main thing they do
1622     // is allocation). We might consider increase it further.
1623     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio, 9);
1624   }
1625 
1626   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1627     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1628       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1629     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1630   }
1631 }
1632 
1633 julong Arguments::limit_by_allocatable_memory(julong limit) {
1634   julong max_allocatable;
1635   julong result = limit;
1636   if (os::has_allocatable_memory_limit(&max_allocatable)) {
1637     result = MIN2(result, max_allocatable / MaxVirtMemFraction);
1638   }
1639   return result;
1640 }
1641 
1642 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1643   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
1644     // Deprecated flag
1645     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxRAMFraction, DefaultMaxRAMFraction);
1646   }
1647 
1648   const julong phys_mem =
1649     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1650                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
1651 
1652   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1653   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1654   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1655   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1656     julong reasonable_max = phys_mem / MaxRAMFraction;
1657 
1658     if (phys_mem <= MaxHeapSize * MinRAMFraction) {
1659       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1660       reasonable_max = phys_mem / MinRAMFraction;
1661     } else {
1662       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1663       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1664       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1665     }
1666     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1667       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1668       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1669     }
1670     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1671       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1672       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1673       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1674         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1675         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1676         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1677       }
1678       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1679     }
1680     reasonable_max = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_max);
1681 
1682     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1683       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1684       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1685       // after call to limit_by_allocatable_memory because that
1686       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1687       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1688     }
1689 
1690     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1691       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1692       tty->print_cr("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, reasonable_max);
1693     }
1694     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_max);
1695   }
1696 
1697   // If the minimum or initial heap_size have not been set or requested to be set
1698   // ergonomically, set them accordingly.
1699   if (InitialHeapSize == 0 || min_heap_size() == 0) {
1700     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1701 
1702     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1703 
1704     reasonable_minimum = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1705 
1706     if (InitialHeapSize == 0) {
1707       julong reasonable_initial = phys_mem / InitialRAMFraction;
1708 
1709       reasonable_initial = MAX3(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum, (julong)min_heap_size());
1710       reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1711 
1712       reasonable_initial = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_initial);
1713 
1714       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1715         // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1716         tty->print_cr("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1717       }
1718       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1719     }
1720     // If the minimum heap size has not been set (via -Xms),
1721     // synchronize with InitialHeapSize to avoid errors with the default value.
1722     if (min_heap_size() == 0) {
1723       set_min_heap_size(MIN2((uintx)reasonable_minimum, InitialHeapSize));
1724       if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1725         // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1726         tty->print_cr("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, min_heap_size());
1727       }
1728     }
1729   }
1730 }
1731 
1732 // This must be called after ergonomics because we want bytecode rewriting
1733 // if the server compiler is used, or if UseSharedSpaces is disabled.
1734 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1735   // Better not attempt to store into a read-only space.
1736   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
1737     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteBytecodes, false);
1738     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1739   }
1740 
1741   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1742     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1743   }
1744 }
1745 
1746 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
1747 void Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1748 #ifdef COMPILER2
1749   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
1750     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1751       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1752     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
1753       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
1754       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1755     }
1756     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
1757       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
1758     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
1759       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
1760       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1761     }
1762   }
1763   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1764     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1765       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1766     }
1767     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1768       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
1769     }
1770 
1771     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1772     char buffer[1024];
1773     sprintf(buffer, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
1774     add_property(buffer);
1775   }
1776   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
1777     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
1778   }
1779 #endif
1780 
1781   if (AggressiveOpts) {
1782 // Sample flag setting code
1783 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
1784 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
1785 //    }
1786   }
1787 }
1788 
1789 //===========================================================================================================
1790 // Parsing of java.compiler property
1791 
1792 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(char* arg) {
1793   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
1794   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
1795   // is also specified.
1796   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
1797     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
1798   }
1799 }
1800 
1801 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1802   _sun_java_launcher = strdup(launcher);
1803   if (strcmp("gamma", _sun_java_launcher) == 0) {
1804     _created_by_gamma_launcher = true;
1805   }
1806 }
1807 
1808 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1809   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
1810   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1811 }
1812 
1813 bool Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() {
1814   return _created_by_gamma_launcher;
1815 }
1816 
1817 //===========================================================================================================
1818 // Parsing of main arguments
1819 
1820 bool Arguments::verify_interval(uintx val, uintx min,
1821                                 uintx max, const char* name) {
1822   // Returns true iff value is in the inclusive interval [min..max]
1823   // false, otherwise.
1824   if (val >= min && val <= max) {
1825     return true;
1826   }
1827   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1828               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between " UINTX_FORMAT
1829               " and " UINTX_FORMAT "\n",
1830               name, val, min, max);
1831   return false;
1832 }
1833 
1834 bool Arguments::verify_min_value(intx val, intx min, const char* name) {
1835   // Returns true if given value is at least specified min threshold
1836   // false, otherwise.
1837   if (val >= min ) {
1838       return true;
1839   }
1840   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1841               "%s of " INTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be at least " INTX_FORMAT "\n",
1842               name, val, min);
1843   return false;
1844 }
1845 
1846 bool Arguments::verify_percentage(uintx value, const char* name) {
1847   if (value <= 100) {
1848     return true;
1849   }
1850   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1851               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between 0 and 100\n",
1852               name, value);
1853   return false;
1854 }
1855 
1856 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1857 #ifdef ASSERT
1858 static bool verify_serial_gc_flags() {
1859   return (UseSerialGC &&
1860         !(UseParNewGC || (UseConcMarkSweepGC || CMSIncrementalMode) || UseG1GC ||
1861           UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC));
1862 }
1863 #endif // ASSERT
1864 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1865 
1866 // check if do gclog rotation
1867 // +UseGCLogFileRotation is a must,
1868 // no gc log rotation when log file not supplied or
1869 // NumberOfGCLogFiles is 0, or GCLogFileSize is 0
1870 void check_gclog_consistency() {
1871   if (UseGCLogFileRotation) {
1872     if ((Arguments::gc_log_filename() == NULL) ||
1873         (NumberOfGCLogFiles == 0)  ||
1874         (GCLogFileSize == 0)) {
1875       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1876                   "To enable GC log rotation, use -Xloggc:<filename> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=<num_of_files> -XX:GCLogFileSize=<num_of_size>[k|K|m|M|g|G]\n"
1877                   "where num_of_file > 0 and num_of_size > 0\n"
1878                   "GC log rotation is turned off\n");
1879       UseGCLogFileRotation = false;
1880     }
1881   }
1882 
1883   if (UseGCLogFileRotation && GCLogFileSize < 8*K) {
1884         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, GCLogFileSize, 8*K);
1885         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1886                     "GCLogFileSize changed to minimum 8K\n");
1887   }
1888 }
1889 
1890 // This function is called for -Xloggc:<filename>, it can be used
1891 // to check if a given file name(or string) conforms to the following
1892 // specification:
1893 // A valid string only contains "[A-Z][a-z][0-9].-_%[p|t]"
1894 // %p and %t only allowed once. We only limit usage of filename not path
1895 bool is_filename_valid(const char *file_name) {
1896   const char* p = file_name;
1897   char file_sep = os::file_separator()[0];
1898   const char* cp;
1899   // skip prefix path
1900   for (cp = file_name; *cp != '\0'; cp++) {
1901     if (*cp == '/' || *cp == file_sep) {
1902       p = cp + 1;
1903     }
1904   }
1905 
1906   int count_p = 0;
1907   int count_t = 0;
1908   while (*p != '\0') {
1909     if ((*p >= '0' && *p <= '9') ||
1910         (*p >= 'A' && *p <= 'Z') ||
1911         (*p >= 'a' && *p <= 'z') ||
1912          *p == '-'               ||
1913          *p == '_'               ||
1914          *p == '.') {
1915        p++;
1916        continue;
1917     }
1918     if (*p == '%') {
1919       if(*(p + 1) == 'p') {
1920         p += 2;
1921         count_p ++;
1922         continue;
1923       }
1924       if (*(p + 1) == 't') {
1925         p += 2;
1926         count_t ++;
1927         continue;
1928       }
1929     }
1930     return false;
1931   }
1932   return count_p < 2 && count_t < 2;
1933 }
1934 
1935 // Check consistency of GC selection
1936 bool Arguments::check_gc_consistency() {
1937   check_gclog_consistency();
1938   bool status = true;
1939   // Ensure that the user has not selected conflicting sets
1940   // of collectors. [Note: this check is merely a user convenience;
1941   // collectors over-ride each other so that only a non-conflicting
1942   // set is selected; however what the user gets is not what they
1943   // may have expected from the combination they asked for. It's
1944   // better to reduce user confusion by not allowing them to
1945   // select conflicting combinations.
1946   uint i = 0;
1947   if (UseSerialGC)                       i++;
1948   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseParNewGC) i++;
1949   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) i++;
1950   if (UseG1GC)                           i++;
1951   if (i > 1) {
1952     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1953                 "Conflicting collector combinations in option list; "
1954                 "please refer to the release notes for the combinations "
1955                 "allowed\n");
1956     status = false;
1957   }
1958   return status;
1959 }
1960 
1961 void Arguments::check_deprecated_gcs() {
1962   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && !UseParNewGC) {
1963     warning("Using the DefNew young collector with the CMS collector is deprecated "
1964         "and will likely be removed in a future release");
1965   }
1966 
1967   if (UseParNewGC && !UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1968     // !UseConcMarkSweepGC means that we are using serial old gc. Unfortunately we don't
1969     // set up UseSerialGC properly, so that can't be used in the check here.
1970     warning("Using the ParNew young collector with the Serial old collector is deprecated "
1971         "and will likely be removed in a future release");
1972   }
1973 
1974   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
1975     warning("Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release");
1976   }
1977 }
1978 
1979 void Arguments::check_deprecated_gc_flags() {
1980   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxGCMinorPauseMillis)) {
1981     warning("Using MaxGCMinorPauseMillis as minor pause goal is deprecated"
1982             "and will likely be removed in future release");
1983   }
1984   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
1985     warning("DefaultMaxRAMFraction is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release. "
1986         "Use MaxRAMFraction instead.");
1987   }
1988   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection)) {
1989     warning("UseCMSCompactAtFullCollection is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release.");
1990   }
1991   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction)) {
1992     warning("CMSFullGCsBeforeCompaction is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release.");
1993   }
1994   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseCMSCollectionPassing)) {
1995     warning("UseCMSCollectionPassing is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release.");
1996   }
1997 }
1998 
1999 // Check stack pages settings
2000 bool Arguments::check_stack_pages()
2001 {
2002   bool status = true;
2003   status = status && verify_min_value(StackYellowPages, 1, "StackYellowPages");
2004   status = status && verify_min_value(StackRedPages, 1, "StackRedPages");
2005   // greater stack shadow pages can't generate instruction to bang stack
2006   status = status && verify_interval(StackShadowPages, 1, 50, "StackShadowPages");
2007   return status;
2008 }
2009 
2010 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
2011 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
2012   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
2013   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
2014   // before returning an error.
2015   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
2016   bool status = true;
2017 
2018   // Allow both -XX:-UseStackBanging and -XX:-UseBoundThreads in non-product
2019   // builds so the cost of stack banging can be measured.
2020 #if (defined(PRODUCT) && defined(SOLARIS))
2021   if (!UseBoundThreads && !UseStackBanging) {
2022     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2023                 "-UseStackBanging conflicts with -UseBoundThreads\n");
2024 
2025      status = false;
2026   }
2027 #endif
2028 
2029   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
2030     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2031                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
2032                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
2033                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
2034     status = false;
2035   }
2036 
2037   status = status && verify_interval(AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight, 0, 100,
2038                               "AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight");
2039   status = status && verify_percentage(ThresholdTolerance, "ThresholdTolerance");
2040   status = status && verify_percentage(MinHeapFreeRatio, "MinHeapFreeRatio");
2041   status = status && verify_percentage(MaxHeapFreeRatio, "MaxHeapFreeRatio");
2042 
2043   // Divide by bucket size to prevent a large size from causing rollover when
2044   // calculating amount of memory needed to be allocated for the String table.
2045   status = status && verify_interval(StringTableSize, minimumStringTableSize,
2046     (max_uintx / StringTable::bucket_size()), "StringTable size");
2047 
2048   status = status && verify_interval(SymbolTableSize, minimumSymbolTableSize,
2049     (max_uintx / SymbolTable::bucket_size()), "SymbolTable size");
2050 
2051   if (MinHeapFreeRatio > MaxHeapFreeRatio) {
2052     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2053                 "MinHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
2054                 "equal to MaxHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ")\n",
2055                 MinHeapFreeRatio, MaxHeapFreeRatio);
2056     status = false;
2057   }
2058   // Keeping the heap 100% free is hard ;-) so limit it to 99%.
2059   MinHeapFreeRatio = MIN2(MinHeapFreeRatio, (uintx) 99);
2060 
2061   // Min/MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio
2062   status = status && verify_percentage(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio, "MinMetaspaceFreeRatio");
2063   status = status && verify_percentage(MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio, "MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio");
2064 
2065   if (MinMetaspaceFreeRatio > MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio) {
2066     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2067                 "MinMetaspaceFreeRatio (%s" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
2068                 "equal to MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio (%s" UINTX_FORMAT ")\n",
2069                 FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio) ? "Default: " : "",
2070                 MinMetaspaceFreeRatio,
2071                 FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio) ? "Default: " : "",
2072                 MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio);
2073     status = false;
2074   }
2075 
2076   // Trying to keep 100% free is not practical
2077   MinMetaspaceFreeRatio = MIN2(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio, (uintx) 99);
2078 
2079   if (FullGCALot && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount)) {
2080     MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount = 1;  // Move objects every gc.
2081   }
2082 
2083   if (UseParallelOldGC && ParallelOldGCSplitALot) {
2084     // Settings to encourage splitting.
2085     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewRatio)) {
2086       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewRatio, 2);
2087     }
2088     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
2089       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2090     }
2091   }
2092 
2093   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
2094   status = status && verify_percentage(GCTimeLimit, "GCTimeLimit");
2095   if (GCTimeLimit == 100) {
2096     // Turn off gc-overhead-limit-exceeded checks
2097     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
2098   }
2099 
2100   status = status && check_gc_consistency();
2101   status = status && check_stack_pages();
2102 
2103   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
2104     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
2105       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2106                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
2107                   "The CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC) must be "
2108                   "selected in order\nto use CMSIncrementalMode.\n");
2109       status = false;
2110     } else {
2111       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycle,
2112                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycle");
2113       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin,
2114                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin");
2115       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor,
2116                                   "CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor");
2117       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalOffset,
2118                                   "CMSIncrementalOffset");
2119       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSExpAvgFactor,
2120                                   "CMSExpAvgFactor");
2121       // If it was not set on the command line, set
2122       // CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction to 1 so icms can initiate cycles early.
2123       if (CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction < 0) {
2124         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction, 1);
2125       }
2126     }
2127   }
2128 
2129   // CMS space iteration, which FLSVerifyAllHeapreferences entails,
2130   // insists that we hold the requisite locks so that the iteration is
2131   // MT-safe. For the verification at start-up and shut-down, we don't
2132   // yet have a good way of acquiring and releasing these locks,
2133   // which are not visible at the CollectedHeap level. We want to
2134   // be able to acquire these locks and then do the iteration rather
2135   // than just disable the lock verification. This will be fixed under
2136   // bug 4788986.
2137   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences) {
2138     if (VerifyDuringStartup) {
2139       warning("Heap verification at start-up disabled "
2140               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2141       VerifyDuringStartup = false; // Disable verification at start-up
2142     }
2143 
2144     if (VerifyBeforeExit) {
2145       warning("Heap verification at shutdown disabled "
2146               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2147       VerifyBeforeExit = false; // Disable verification at shutdown
2148     }
2149   }
2150 
2151   // Note: only executed in non-PRODUCT mode
2152   if (!UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC &&
2153       (ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent ||
2154        ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses)) {
2155     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2156                 "error: +ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent[AndUnloadsClasses] conflicts"
2157                 " with -UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC");
2158     status = false;
2159   }
2160 
2161   status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCArrayScanChunk, 1, "ParGCArrayScanChunk");
2162 
2163 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
2164   if (UseG1GC) {
2165     status = status && verify_percentage(G1NewSizePercent, "G1NewSizePercent");
2166     status = status && verify_percentage(G1MaxNewSizePercent, "G1MaxNewSizePercent");
2167     status = status && verify_interval(G1NewSizePercent, 0, G1MaxNewSizePercent, "G1NewSizePercent");
2168 
2169     status = status && verify_percentage(InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent,
2170                                          "InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent");
2171     status = status && verify_min_value(G1RefProcDrainInterval, 1,
2172                                         "G1RefProcDrainInterval");
2173     status = status && verify_min_value((intx)G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis, 1,
2174                                         "G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis");
2175     status = status && verify_interval(G1ConcRSHotCardLimit, 0, max_jubyte,
2176                                        "G1ConcRSHotCardLimit");
2177     status = status && verify_interval(G1ConcRSLogCacheSize, 0, 31,
2178                                        "G1ConcRSLogCacheSize");
2179   }
2180   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
2181     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSOldPLABNumRefills, 1, "CMSOldPLABNumRefills");
2182     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSOldPLABToleranceFactor, 1, "CMSOldPLABToleranceFactor");
2183     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSOldPLABMax, 1, "CMSOldPLABMax");
2184     status = status && verify_interval(CMSOldPLABMin, 1, CMSOldPLABMax, "CMSOldPLABMin");
2185 
2186     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSYoungGenPerWorker, 1, "CMSYoungGenPerWorker");
2187 
2188     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSSamplingGrain, 1, "CMSSamplingGrain");
2189     status = status && verify_interval(CMS_SweepWeight, 0, 100, "CMS_SweepWeight");
2190     status = status && verify_interval(CMS_FLSWeight, 0, 100, "CMS_FLSWeight");
2191 
2192     status = status && verify_interval(FLSCoalescePolicy, 0, 4, "FLSCoalescePolicy");
2193 
2194     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSRescanMultiple, 1, "CMSRescanMultiple");
2195     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSConcMarkMultiple, 1, "CMSConcMarkMultiple");
2196 
2197     status = status && verify_interval(CMSPrecleanIter, 0, 9, "CMSPrecleanIter");
2198     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSPrecleanDenominator, 1, "CMSPrecleanDenominator");
2199     status = status && verify_interval(CMSPrecleanNumerator, 0, CMSPrecleanDenominator - 1, "CMSPrecleanNumerator");
2200 
2201     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSBootstrapOccupancy, "CMSBootstrapOccupancy");
2202 
2203     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSPrecleanThreshold, 100, "CMSPrecleanThreshold");
2204 
2205     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSScheduleRemarkEdenPenetration, "CMSScheduleRemarkEdenPenetration");
2206     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSScheduleRemarkSamplingRatio, 1, "CMSScheduleRemarkSamplingRatio");
2207     status = status && verify_min_value(CMSBitMapYieldQuantum, 1, "CMSBitMapYieldQuantum");
2208     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSTriggerRatio, "CMSTriggerRatio");
2209     status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIsTooFullPercentage, "CMSIsTooFullPercentage");
2210   }
2211 
2212   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
2213     status = status && verify_interval(ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterMean, 0, 100, "ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterMean");
2214     status = status && verify_interval(ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterStdDev, 0, 100, "ParallelOldDeadWoodLimiterStdDev");
2215 
2216     status = status && verify_percentage(YoungGenerationSizeIncrement, "YoungGenerationSizeIncrement");
2217     status = status && verify_percentage(TenuredGenerationSizeIncrement, "TenuredGenerationSizeIncrement");
2218 
2219     status = status && verify_min_value(YoungGenerationSizeSupplementDecay, 1, "YoungGenerationSizeSupplementDecay");
2220     status = status && verify_min_value(TenuredGenerationSizeSupplementDecay, 1, "TenuredGenerationSizeSupplementDecay");
2221 
2222     status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCCardsPerStrideChunk, 1, "ParGCCardsPerStrideChunk");
2223 
2224     status = status && verify_min_value(ParallelOldGCSplitInterval, 0, "ParallelOldGCSplitInterval");
2225   }
2226 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
2227 
2228   status = status && verify_interval(RefDiscoveryPolicy,
2229                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMin,
2230                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMax,
2231                                      "RefDiscoveryPolicy");
2232 
2233   // Limit the lower bound of this flag to 1 as it is used in a division
2234   // expression.
2235   status = status && verify_interval(TLABWasteTargetPercent,
2236                                      1, 100, "TLABWasteTargetPercent");
2237 
2238   status = status && verify_object_alignment();
2239 
2240   status = status && verify_interval(CompressedClassSpaceSize, 1*M, 3*G,
2241                                       "CompressedClassSpaceSize");
2242 
2243   status = status && verify_interval(MarkStackSizeMax,
2244                                   1, (max_jint - 1), "MarkStackSizeMax");
2245   status = status && verify_interval(NUMAChunkResizeWeight, 0, 100, "NUMAChunkResizeWeight");
2246 
2247   status = status && verify_min_value(LogEventsBufferEntries, 1, "LogEventsBufferEntries");
2248 
2249   status = status && verify_min_value(HeapSizePerGCThread, (uintx) os::vm_page_size(), "HeapSizePerGCThread");
2250 
2251   status = status && verify_min_value(GCTaskTimeStampEntries, 1, "GCTaskTimeStampEntries");
2252 
2253   status = status && verify_percentage(ParallelGCBufferWastePct, "ParallelGCBufferWastePct");
2254   status = status && verify_interval(TargetPLABWastePct, 1, 100, "TargetPLABWastePct");
2255 
2256   status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCStridesPerThread, 1, "ParGCStridesPerThread");
2257 
2258   status = status && verify_min_value(MinRAMFraction, 1, "MinRAMFraction");
2259   status = status && verify_min_value(InitialRAMFraction, 1, "InitialRAMFraction");
2260   status = status && verify_min_value(MaxRAMFraction, 1, "MaxRAMFraction");
2261   status = status && verify_min_value(DefaultMaxRAMFraction, 1, "DefaultMaxRAMFraction");
2262 
2263   status = status && verify_interval(AdaptiveTimeWeight, 0, 100, "AdaptiveTimeWeight");
2264   status = status && verify_min_value(AdaptiveSizeDecrementScaleFactor, 1, "AdaptiveSizeDecrementScaleFactor");
2265 
2266   status = status && verify_interval(TLABAllocationWeight, 0, 100, "TLABAllocationWeight");
2267   status = status && verify_min_value(MinTLABSize, 1, "MinTLABSize");
2268   status = status && verify_min_value(TLABRefillWasteFraction, 1, "TLABRefillWasteFraction");
2269 
2270   status = status && verify_percentage(YoungGenerationSizeSupplement, "YoungGenerationSizeSupplement");
2271   status = status && verify_percentage(TenuredGenerationSizeSupplement, "TenuredGenerationSizeSupplement");
2272 
2273   // the "age" field in the oop header is 4 bits; do not want to pull in markOop.hpp
2274   // just for that, so hardcode here.
2275   status = status && verify_interval(MaxTenuringThreshold, 0, 15, "MaxTenuringThreshold");
2276   status = status && verify_interval(InitialTenuringThreshold, 0, MaxTenuringThreshold, "MaxTenuringThreshold");
2277   status = status && verify_percentage(TargetSurvivorRatio, "TargetSurvivorRatio");
2278   status = status && verify_percentage(MarkSweepDeadRatio, "MarkSweepDeadRatio");
2279 
2280   status = status && verify_min_value(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount, 1, "MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount");
2281 
2282   if (PrintNMTStatistics) {
2283 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2284     if (MemTracker::tracking_level() == MemTracker::NMT_off) {
2285 #endif // INCLUDE_NMT
2286       warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2287       PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2288 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2289     }
2290 #endif
2291   }
2292 
2293   // Need to limit the extent of the padding to reasonable size.
2294   // 8K is well beyond the reasonable HW cache line size, even with the
2295   // aggressive prefetching, while still leaving the room for segregating
2296   // among the distinct pages.
2297   if (ContendedPaddingWidth < 0 || ContendedPaddingWidth > 8192) {
2298     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2299                 "ContendedPaddingWidth=" INTX_FORMAT " must be in between %d and %d\n",
2300                 ContendedPaddingWidth, 0, 8192);
2301     status = false;
2302   }
2303 
2304   // Need to enforce the padding not to break the existing field alignments.
2305   // It is sufficient to check against the largest type size.
2306   if ((ContendedPaddingWidth % BytesPerLong) != 0) {
2307     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2308                 "ContendedPaddingWidth=" INTX_FORMAT " must be a multiple of %d\n",
2309                 ContendedPaddingWidth, BytesPerLong);
2310     status = false;
2311   }
2312 
2313   // Check lower bounds of the code cache
2314   // Template Interpreter code is approximately 3X larger in debug builds.
2315   uint min_code_cache_size = (CodeCacheMinimumUseSpace DEBUG_ONLY(* 3)) + CodeCacheMinimumFreeSpace;
2316   if (InitialCodeCacheSize < (uintx)os::vm_page_size()) {
2317     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2318                 "Invalid InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %dK.\n", InitialCodeCacheSize/K,
2319                 os::vm_page_size()/K);
2320     status = false;
2321   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < InitialCodeCacheSize) {
2322     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2323                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize: %dK. Must be at least InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK.\n",
2324                 ReservedCodeCacheSize/K, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2325     status = false;
2326   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize < min_code_cache_size) {
2327     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2328                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dK. Must be at least %uK.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/K,
2329                 min_code_cache_size/K);
2330     status = false;
2331   } else if (ReservedCodeCacheSize > 2*G) {
2332     // Code cache size larger than MAXINT is not supported.
2333     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2334                 "Invalid ReservedCodeCacheSize=%dM. Must be at most %uM.\n", ReservedCodeCacheSize/M,
2335                 (2*G)/M);
2336     status = false;
2337   }
2338 
2339   status &= verify_interval(NmethodSweepFraction, 1, ReservedCodeCacheSize/K, "NmethodSweepFraction");
2340   status &= verify_interval(NmethodSweepActivity, 0, 2000, "NmethodSweepActivity");
2341 
2342   return status;
2343 }
2344 
2345 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2346   const char* option_type) {
2347   if (ignore) return false;
2348 
2349   const char* spacer = " ";
2350   if (option_type == NULL) {
2351     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2352   }
2353 
2354   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2355     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2356                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2357       option->optionString);
2358     return false;
2359   } else {
2360     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2361                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2362       option->optionString);
2363     return true;
2364   }
2365 }
2366 
2367 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2368   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2369 };
2370 
2371 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2372   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2373 };
2374 
2375 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
2376 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
2377 // the option must match exactly.
2378 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
2379   bool tail_allowed) {
2380   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
2381     if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
2382       if (**tail == '\0' || tail_allowed && **tail == ':') {
2383         return true;
2384       }
2385     }
2386   }
2387   return false;
2388 }
2389 
2390 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2391                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2392                             uintx min_size) {
2393 
2394   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
2395   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2396 
2397   if (value_is_positive) {
2398     julong n;
2399     bool good_return = atomull(value, &n);
2400     if (good_return) {
2401       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2402       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2403 
2404       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2405         *uintx_arg = n;
2406         return true;
2407       }
2408     }
2409   }
2410   return false;
2411 }
2412 
2413 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2414                                                   julong* long_arg,
2415                                                   julong min_size) {
2416   if (!atomull(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2417   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size);
2418 }
2419 
2420 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2421 
2422 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
2423   // For components of the system classpath.
2424   SysClassPath scp(Arguments::get_sysclasspath());
2425   bool scp_assembly_required = false;
2426 
2427   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2428   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2429   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2430   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2431   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2432 
2433   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2434   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2435 
2436   // Parse JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable (if present)
2437   jint result = parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2438   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2439     return result;
2440   }
2441 
2442   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in
2443   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required, Flag::COMMAND_LINE);
2444   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2445     return result;
2446   }
2447 
2448   // Parse _JAVA_OPTIONS environment variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2449   result = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2450   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2451     return result;
2452   }
2453 
2454   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2455   result = finalize_vm_init_args(&scp, scp_assembly_required);
2456   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2457     return result;
2458   }
2459 
2460   return JNI_OK;
2461 }
2462 
2463 // Checks if name in command-line argument -agent{lib,path}:name[=options]
2464 // represents a valid HPROF of JDWP agent.  is_path==true denotes that we
2465 // are dealing with -agentpath (case where name is a path), otherwise with
2466 // -agentlib
2467 bool valid_hprof_or_jdwp_agent(char *name, bool is_path) {
2468   char *_name;
2469   const char *_hprof = "hprof", *_jdwp = "jdwp";
2470   size_t _len_hprof, _len_jdwp, _len_prefix;
2471 
2472   if (is_path) {
2473     if ((_name = strrchr(name, (int) *os::file_separator())) == NULL) {
2474       return false;
2475     }
2476 
2477     _name++;  // skip past last path separator
2478     _len_prefix = strlen(JNI_LIB_PREFIX);
2479 
2480     if (strncmp(_name, JNI_LIB_PREFIX, _len_prefix) != 0) {
2481       return false;
2482     }
2483 
2484     _name += _len_prefix;
2485     _len_hprof = strlen(_hprof);
2486     _len_jdwp = strlen(_jdwp);
2487 
2488     if (strncmp(_name, _hprof, _len_hprof) == 0) {
2489       _name += _len_hprof;
2490     }
2491     else if (strncmp(_name, _jdwp, _len_jdwp) == 0) {
2492       _name += _len_jdwp;
2493     }
2494     else {
2495       return false;
2496     }
2497 
2498     if (strcmp(_name, JNI_LIB_SUFFIX) != 0) {
2499       return false;
2500     }
2501 
2502     return true;
2503   }
2504 
2505   if (strcmp(name, _hprof) == 0 || strcmp(name, _jdwp) == 0) {
2506     return true;
2507   }
2508 
2509   return false;
2510 }
2511 
2512 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
2513                                        SysClassPath* scp_p,
2514                                        bool* scp_assembly_required_p,
2515                                        Flag::Flags origin) {
2516   // Remaining part of option string
2517   const char* tail;
2518 
2519   // iterate over arguments
2520   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2521     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2522 
2523     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2524 
2525     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2526         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2527         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2528 
2529         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2530         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2531         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2532         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2533         // string constant object.
2534         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2535     }
2536 
2537     // -verbose:[class/gc/jni]
2538     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2539       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2540         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassLoading, true);
2541         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassUnloading, true);
2542       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2543         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2544       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2545         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true);
2546       }
2547     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2548     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2549     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2550     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2551       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2552       if (*tail == '\0') {
2553         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2554       } else {
2555         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2556         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2557       }
2558     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2559     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2560       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2561       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2562     // -bootclasspath:
2563     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2564       scp_p->reset_path(tail);
2565       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2566     // -bootclasspath/a:
2567     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2568       scp_p->add_suffix(tail);
2569       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2570     // -bootclasspath/p:
2571     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2572       scp_p->add_prefix(tail);
2573       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2574     // -Xrun
2575     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2576       if (tail != NULL) {
2577         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2578         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2579         char* name = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2580         name[len] = '\0';
2581 
2582         char *options = NULL;
2583         if(pos != NULL) {
2584           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2585           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtInternal), pos+1, len2);
2586         }
2587 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2588         if ((strcmp(name, "hprof") == 0) || (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0)) {
2589           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2590             "Profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2591           return JNI_ERR;
2592         }
2593 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2594         add_init_library(name, options);
2595       }
2596     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2597     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2598           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2599       if(tail != NULL) {
2600         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2601         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2602         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2603         name[len] = '\0';
2604 
2605         char *options = NULL;
2606         if(pos != NULL) {
2607           options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(pos + 1) + 1, mtInternal), pos + 1);
2608         }
2609 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2610         if (valid_hprof_or_jdwp_agent(name, is_absolute_path)) {
2611           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2612             "Profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2613           return JNI_ERR;
2614         }
2615 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2616         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2617       }
2618     // -javaagent
2619     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2620 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2621       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2622         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2623       return JNI_ERR;
2624 #else
2625       if(tail != NULL) {
2626         char *options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(tail) + 1, mtInternal), tail);
2627         add_init_agent("instrument", options, false);
2628       }
2629 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2630     // -Xnoclassgc
2631     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc", &tail)) {
2632       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false);
2633     // -Xincgc: i-CMS
2634     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xincgc", &tail)) {
2635       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2636       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, true);
2637     // -Xnoincgc: no i-CMS
2638     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoincgc", &tail)) {
2639       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2640       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, false);
2641     // -Xconcgc
2642     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc", &tail)) {
2643       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2644     // -Xnoconcgc
2645     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc", &tail)) {
2646       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2647     // -Xbatch
2648     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch", &tail)) {
2649       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2650     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2651     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2652       julong long_initial_young_size = 0;
2653       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_young_size, 1);
2654       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2655         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2656                     "Invalid initial young generation size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2657         describe_range_error(errcode);
2658         return JNI_EINVAL;
2659       }
2660       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, (uintx)long_initial_young_size);
2661       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize, (uintx)long_initial_young_size);
2662     // -Xms
2663     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2664       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2665       // an initial heap size of 0 means automatically determine
2666       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 0);
2667       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2668         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2669                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2670         describe_range_error(errcode);
2671         return JNI_EINVAL;
2672       }
2673       set_min_heap_size((uintx)long_initial_heap_size);
2674       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2675       // Can be overridden with -XX:InitialHeapSize.
2676       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)long_initial_heap_size);
2677     // -Xmx
2678     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail) || match_option(option, "-XX:MaxHeapSize=", &tail)) {
2679       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2680       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2681       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2682         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2683                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2684         describe_range_error(errcode);
2685         return JNI_EINVAL;
2686       }
2687       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)long_max_heap_size);
2688     // Xmaxf
2689     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2690       char* err;
2691       int maxf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2692       if (*err != '\0' || maxf < 0 || maxf > 100) {
2693         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2694                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2695                     option->optionString);
2696         return JNI_EINVAL;
2697       } else {
2698         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf);
2699       }
2700     // Xminf
2701     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2702       char* err;
2703       int minf = (int)(strtod(tail, &err) * 100);
2704       if (*err != '\0' || minf < 0 || minf > 100) {
2705         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2706                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2707                     option->optionString);
2708         return JNI_EINVAL;
2709       } else {
2710         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf);
2711       }
2712     // -Xss
2713     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2714       julong long_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2715       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ThreadStackSize, 1000);
2716       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2717         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2718                     "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2719         describe_range_error(errcode);
2720         return JNI_EINVAL;
2721       }
2722       // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2723       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize,
2724                               round_to((int)long_ThreadStackSize, K) / K);
2725     // -Xoss
2726     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoss", &tail)) {
2727           // HotSpot does not have separate native and Java stacks, ignore silently for compatibility
2728     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CodeCacheExpansionSize=", &tail)) {
2729       julong long_CodeCacheExpansionSize = 0;
2730       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_CodeCacheExpansionSize, os::vm_page_size());
2731       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2732         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2733                    "Invalid argument: %s. Must be at least %luK.\n", option->optionString,
2734                    os::vm_page_size()/K);
2735         return JNI_EINVAL;
2736       }
2737       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CodeCacheExpansionSize, (uintx)long_CodeCacheExpansionSize);
2738     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2739                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2740       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2741 
2742       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize, 1);
2743       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2744         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2745                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s.\n", option->optionString);
2746         return JNI_EINVAL;
2747       }
2748       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize);
2749       //-XX:IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt=
2750       } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt=", &tail)) {
2751         uintx uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt = 0;
2752         if (!parse_uintx(tail, &uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt, 0) || uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt > 99) {
2753           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2754                       "Invalid value for IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt: %s. Should be between 0 and 99.\n",
2755                       option->optionString);
2756           return JNI_EINVAL;
2757         }
2758         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt, (uintx)uint_IncreaseFirstTierCompileThresholdAt);
2759     // -green
2760     } else if (match_option(option, "-green", &tail)) {
2761       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2762                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2763           return JNI_EINVAL;
2764     // -native
2765     } else if (match_option(option, "-native", &tail)) {
2766           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2767     // -Xsqnopause
2768     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xsqnopause", &tail)) {
2769           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2770     // -Xrs
2771     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs", &tail)) {
2772           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2773       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true);
2774     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xusealtsigs", &tail)) {
2775           // change default internal VM signals used - lower case for back compat
2776       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseAltSigs, true);
2777     // -Xoptimize
2778     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoptimize", &tail)) {
2779           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2780     // -Xprof
2781     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof", &tail)) {
2782 #if INCLUDE_FPROF
2783       _has_profile = true;
2784 #else // INCLUDE_FPROF
2785       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2786         "Flat profiling is not supported in this VM.\n");
2787       return JNI_ERR;
2788 #endif // INCLUDE_FPROF
2789     // -Xconcurrentio
2790     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio", &tail)) {
2791       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true);
2792       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2793       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, DeferThrSuspendLoopCount, 1);
2794       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2795       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K);  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
2796 
2797       // -Xinternalversion
2798     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion", &tail)) {
2799       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2800                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2801       vm_exit(0);
2802 #ifndef PRODUCT
2803     // -Xprintflags
2804     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags", &tail)) {
2805       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
2806       vm_exit(0);
2807 #endif
2808     // -D
2809     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2810       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2811         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2812       }
2813       // Out of the box management support
2814       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2815 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2816         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true);
2817 #else
2818         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2819           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
2820         return JNI_ERR;
2821 #endif
2822       }
2823     // -Xint
2824     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint", &tail)) {
2825           set_mode_flags(_int);
2826     // -Xmixed
2827     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed", &tail)) {
2828           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2829     // -Xcomp
2830     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp", &tail)) {
2831       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2832           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2833     // -Xshare:dump
2834     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump", &tail)) {
2835       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true);
2836       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2837     // -Xshare:on
2838     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on", &tail)) {
2839       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2840       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true);
2841     // -Xshare:auto
2842     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto", &tail)) {
2843       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2844       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2845     // -Xshare:off
2846     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off", &tail)) {
2847       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false);
2848       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2849     // -Xverify
2850     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2851       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2852         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true);
2853         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2854       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2855         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2856         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2857       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
2858         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2859         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false);
2860       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2861         return JNI_EINVAL;
2862       }
2863     // -Xdebug
2864     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug", &tail)) {
2865       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
2866       set_xdebug_mode(true);
2867     // -Xnoagent
2868     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent", &tail)) {
2869       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
2870     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xboundthreads", &tail)) {
2871       // Bind user level threads to kernel threads (Solaris only)
2872       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseBoundThreads, true);
2873     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2874       // Redirect GC output to the file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2875       // ostream_init_log(), when called will use this filename
2876       // to initialize a fileStream.
2877       _gc_log_filename = strdup(tail);
2878      if (!is_filename_valid(_gc_log_filename)) {
2879        jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2880                   "Invalid file name for use with -Xloggc: Filename can only contain the "
2881                   "characters [A-Z][a-z][0-9]-_.%%[p|t] but it has been %s\n"
2882                   "Note %%p or %%t can only be used once\n", _gc_log_filename);
2883         return JNI_EINVAL;
2884       }
2885       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2886       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGCTimeStamps, true);
2887 
2888     // JNI hooks
2889     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2890       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2891 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2892         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
2893 #else
2894         CheckJNICalls = true;
2895 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2896       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2897                                      "check")) {
2898         return JNI_EINVAL;
2899       }
2900     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf", &tail)) {
2901       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2902     } else if (match_option(option, "exit", &tail)) {
2903       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2904     } else if (match_option(option, "abort", &tail)) {
2905       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2906     // -XX:+AggressiveHeap
2907     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AggressiveHeap", &tail)) {
2908 
2909       // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
2910       // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
2911       // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
2912       // amounts of cpu and memory.
2913 
2914       // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
2915       // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
2916       // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
2917       // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
2918       // calculations.
2919       julong initHeapSize;
2920       julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
2921 
2922       if (total_memory < (julong)256*M) {
2923         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2924                     "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
2925         vm_exit(1);
2926       }
2927 
2928       // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
2929       // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
2930       // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
2931       // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
2932 
2933       initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong)2,
2934                           total_memory - (julong)160*M);
2935 
2936       initHeapSize = limit_by_allocatable_memory(initHeapSize);
2937 
2938       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2939          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2940          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2941          // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2942          set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2943       }
2944       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2945          // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2946          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize,
2947                                 ((julong)MaxHeapSize / (julong)8) * (julong)3);
2948          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, NewSize);
2949       }
2950 
2951 #ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
2952       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
2953 #endif
2954 
2955       // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
2956       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize);
2957       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
2958       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, 256*K);
2959 
2960       // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
2961       // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
2962       // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
2963       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, 256*K);      // Note: this is in words
2964 
2965       // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
2966       // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
2967       // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
2968       // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
2969       // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
2970       // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
2971       // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
2972       // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
2973       // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
2974       // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
2975       // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
2976       // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
2977       // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
2978       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, 8*K);  // Note: this is in words
2979 
2980       // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
2981       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
2982       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
2983                        Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
2984 
2985       // Encourage steady state memory management
2986       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100);
2987 
2988       // This appears to improve mutator locality
2989       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2990 
2991       // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
2992       // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
2993       // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
2994       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true);
2995 
2996     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure", &tail)) {
2997       // The last option must always win.
2998       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false);
2999       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true);
3000     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure", &tail)) {
3001       // The last option must always win.
3002       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false);
3003       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true);
3004     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail) ||
3005                match_option(option, "-XX:-CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail)) {
3006       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3007         "Please use CMSClassUnloadingEnabled in place of "
3008         "CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled in the future\n");
3009     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
3010       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, true);
3011       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3012         "Please use -XX:+UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
3013         "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
3014     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
3015       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
3016       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3017         "Please use -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
3018         "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
3019     // The TLE options are for compatibility with 1.3 and will be
3020     // removed without notice in a future release.  These options
3021     // are not to be documented.
3022     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTLERatio=", &tail)) {
3023       // No longer used.
3024     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
3025       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, true);
3026     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
3027       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
3028     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintTLE", &tail)) {
3029       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, true);
3030     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintTLE", &tail)) {
3031       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, false);
3032     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEFragmentationRatio=", &tail)) {
3033       // No longer used.
3034     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLESize=", &tail)) {
3035       julong long_tlab_size = 0;
3036       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_tlab_size, 1);
3037       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3038         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3039                     "Invalid TLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3040         describe_range_error(errcode);
3041         return JNI_EINVAL;
3042       }
3043       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, long_tlab_size);
3044     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEThreadRatio=", &tail)) {
3045       // No longer used.
3046     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseTLE", &tail)) {
3047       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, true);
3048     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseTLE", &tail)) {
3049       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
3050     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr", &tail)) {
3051       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false);
3052       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true);
3053     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout", &tail)) {
3054       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false);
3055       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true);
3056     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes", &tail)) {
3057 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3058       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true);
3059       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true);
3060       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true);
3061       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true);
3062 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3063       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3064                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
3065       return JNI_EINVAL;
3066 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
3067 #ifdef ASSERT
3068     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot", &tail)) {
3069       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true);
3070       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
3071       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
3072 #endif
3073     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
3074       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
3075       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
3076       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3077         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
3078         "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
3079     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
3080       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
3081       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
3082       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3083         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
3084         "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
3085     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
3086       julong old_plab_size = 0;
3087       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &old_plab_size, 1);
3088       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3089         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3090                     "Invalid old PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3091         describe_range_error(errcode);
3092         return JNI_EINVAL;
3093       }
3094       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, old_plab_size);
3095       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3096                   "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
3097                   "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
3098     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
3099       julong young_plab_size = 0;
3100       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &young_plab_size, 1);
3101       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3102         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3103                     "Invalid young PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3104         describe_range_error(errcode);
3105         return JNI_EINVAL;
3106       }
3107       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, young_plab_size);
3108       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3109                   "Please use -XX:YoungPLABSize in place of "
3110                   "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
3111     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSize=", &tail) ||
3112                match_option(option, "-XX:G1MarkStackSize=", &tail)) {
3113       julong stack_size = 0;
3114       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &stack_size, 1);
3115       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3116         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3117                     "Invalid mark stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
3118         describe_range_error(errcode);
3119         return JNI_EINVAL;
3120       }
3121       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSize, stack_size);
3122     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSizeMax=", &tail)) {
3123       julong max_stack_size = 0;
3124       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_stack_size, 1);
3125       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3126         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3127                     "Invalid maximum mark stack size: %s\n",
3128                     option->optionString);
3129         describe_range_error(errcode);
3130         return JNI_EINVAL;
3131       }
3132       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSizeMax, max_stack_size);
3133     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelMarkingThreads=", &tail) ||
3134                match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelCMSThreads=", &tail)) {
3135       uintx conc_threads = 0;
3136       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &conc_threads, 1)) {
3137         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3138                     "Invalid concurrent threads: %s\n", option->optionString);
3139         return JNI_EINVAL;
3140       }
3141       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ConcGCThreads, conc_threads);
3142     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=", &tail)) {
3143       julong max_direct_memory_size = 0;
3144       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_direct_memory_size, 0);
3145       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
3146         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3147                     "Invalid maximum direct memory size: %s\n",
3148                     option->optionString);
3149         describe_range_error(errcode);
3150         return JNI_EINVAL;
3151       }
3152       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxDirectMemorySize, max_direct_memory_size);
3153     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO", &tail)) {
3154       // NOTE! In JDK 9, the UseVMInterruptibleIO flag will completely go
3155       //       away and will cause VM initialization failures!
3156       warning("-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO is obsolete and will be removed in a future release.");
3157       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseVMInterruptibleIO, true);
3158 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3159     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer", &tail)) {
3160         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3161           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
3162         return JNI_ERR;
3163 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
3164     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
3165       // Skip -XX:Flags= since that case has already been handled
3166       if (strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) {
3167         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
3168           return JNI_EINVAL;
3169         }
3170       }
3171     // Unknown option
3172     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3173       return JNI_ERR;
3174     }
3175   }
3176 
3177   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
3178   // when working with older JDKs.
3179 #ifdef LINUX
3180  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
3181       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
3182     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
3183   }
3184 #endif // LINUX
3185   return JNI_OK;
3186 }
3187 
3188 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool scp_assembly_required) {
3189   // This must be done after all -D arguments have been processed.
3190   scp_p->expand_endorsed();
3191 
3192   if (scp_assembly_required || scp_p->get_endorsed() != NULL) {
3193     // Assemble the bootclasspath elements into the final path.
3194     Arguments::set_sysclasspath(scp_p->combined_path());
3195   }
3196 
3197   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
3198   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
3199   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
3200     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
3201     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
3202     // not specified.
3203     set_mode_flags(_int);
3204   }
3205   if (CompileThreshold == 0) {
3206     set_mode_flags(_int);
3207   }
3208 
3209   // eventually fix up InitialTenuringThreshold if only MaxTenuringThreshold is set
3210   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialTenuringThreshold) && (InitialTenuringThreshold > MaxTenuringThreshold)) {
3211     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialTenuringThreshold, MaxTenuringThreshold);
3212   }
3213 
3214 #ifndef COMPILER2
3215   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
3216   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
3217       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
3218     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
3219     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
3220     // Java heap and the code cache.
3221     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
3222   }
3223 
3224 #else
3225   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
3226     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
3227   }
3228 #endif
3229 
3230 #ifndef TIERED
3231   // Tiered compilation is undefined.
3232   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(TieredCompilation, "TieredCompilation");
3233 #endif
3234 
3235   // If we are running in a headless jre, force java.awt.headless property
3236   // to be true unless the property has already been set.
3237   // Also allow the OS environment variable JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS to set headless state.
3238   if (os::is_headless_jre()) {
3239     const char* headless = Arguments::get_property("java.awt.headless");
3240     if (headless == NULL) {
3241       char envbuffer[128];
3242       if (!os::getenv("JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS", envbuffer, sizeof(envbuffer))) {
3243         if (!add_property("java.awt.headless=true")) {
3244           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3245         }
3246       } else {
3247         char buffer[256];
3248         strcpy(buffer, "java.awt.headless=");
3249         strcat(buffer, envbuffer);
3250         if (!add_property(buffer)) {
3251           return JNI_ENOMEM;
3252         }
3253       }
3254     }
3255   }
3256 
3257   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
3258     return JNI_ERR;
3259   }
3260 
3261   return JNI_OK;
3262 }
3263 
3264 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
3265   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", scp_p,
3266                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
3267 }
3268 
3269 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
3270   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", scp_p,
3271                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
3272 }
3273 
3274 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name, SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
3275   const int N_MAX_OPTIONS = 64;
3276   const int OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
3277   char buffer[OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE];
3278 
3279   // The variable will be ignored if it exceeds the length of the buffer.
3280   // Don't check this variable if user has special privileges
3281   // (e.g. unix su command).
3282   if (os::getenv(name, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) &&
3283       !os::have_special_privileges()) {
3284     JavaVMOption options[N_MAX_OPTIONS];      // Construct option array
3285     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3286                 "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
3287     char* rd = buffer;                        // pointer to the input string (rd)
3288     int i;
3289     for (i = 0; i < N_MAX_OPTIONS;) {         // repeat for all options in the input string
3290       while (isspace(*rd)) rd++;              // skip whitespace
3291       if (*rd == 0) break;                    // we re done when the input string is read completely
3292 
3293       // The output, option string, overwrites the input string.
3294       // Because of quoting, the pointer to the option string (wrt) may lag the pointer to
3295       // input string (rd).
3296       char* wrt = rd;
3297 
3298       options[i++].optionString = wrt;        // Fill in option
3299       while (*rd != 0 && !isspace(*rd)) {     // unquoted strings terminate with a space or NULL
3300         if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3301           int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3302           rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3303           while (*rd != quote) {              // include everything (even spaces) up until quote
3304             if (*rd == 0) {                   // string termination means unmatched string
3305               jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3306                           "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3307               return JNI_ERR;
3308             }
3309             *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3310           }
3311           rd++;                               // don't copy close quote
3312         } else {
3313           *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3314         }
3315       }
3316       // Need to check if we're done before writing a NULL,
3317       // because the write could be to the byte that rd is pointing to.
3318       if (*rd++ == 0) {
3319         *wrt = 0;
3320         break;
3321       }
3322       *wrt = 0;                               // Zero terminate option
3323     }
3324     // Construct JavaVMInitArgs structure and parse as if it was part of the command line
3325     JavaVMInitArgs vm_args;
3326     vm_args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
3327     vm_args.options = options;
3328     vm_args.nOptions = i;
3329     vm_args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
3330 
3331     if (PrintVMOptions) {
3332       const char* tail;
3333       for (int i = 0; i < vm_args.nOptions; i++) {
3334         const JavaVMOption *option = vm_args.options + i;
3335         if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3336           logOption(tail);
3337         }
3338       }
3339     }
3340 
3341     return(parse_each_vm_init_arg(&vm_args, scp_p, scp_assembly_required_p, Flag::ENVIRON_VAR));
3342   }
3343   return JNI_OK;
3344 }
3345 
3346 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
3347   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
3348     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
3349       warning("cannot dump shared archive while using shared archive");
3350     }
3351     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3352 #ifdef _LP64
3353     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3354       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3355         "Cannot dump shared archive when UseCompressedOops or UseCompressedClassPointers is off.", NULL);
3356     }
3357   } else {
3358     // UseCompressedOops and UseCompressedClassPointers must be on for UseSharedSpaces.
3359     if (!UseCompressedOops || !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3360       no_shared_spaces();
3361     }
3362 #endif
3363   }
3364 }
3365 
3366 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3367 static void force_serial_gc() {
3368   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSerialGC, true);
3369   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSIncrementalMode, false);  // special CMS suboption
3370   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseG1GC);
3371   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelGC);
3372   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelOldGC);
3373   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseConcMarkSweepGC);
3374   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParNewGC);
3375 }
3376 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3377 
3378 // Sharing support
3379 // Construct the path to the archive
3380 static char* get_shared_archive_path() {
3381   char *shared_archive_path;
3382   if (SharedArchiveFile == NULL) {
3383     char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3384     os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3385     char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3386     if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3387     size_t jvm_path_len = strlen(jvm_path);
3388     size_t file_sep_len = strlen(os::file_separator());
3389     shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jvm_path_len +
3390         file_sep_len + 20, mtInternal);
3391     if (shared_archive_path != NULL) {
3392       strncpy(shared_archive_path, jvm_path, jvm_path_len + 1);
3393       strncat(shared_archive_path, os::file_separator(), file_sep_len);
3394       strncat(shared_archive_path, "classes.jsa", 11);
3395     }
3396   } else {
3397     shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(SharedArchiveFile) + 1, mtInternal);
3398     if (shared_archive_path != NULL) {
3399       strncpy(shared_archive_path, SharedArchiveFile, strlen(SharedArchiveFile) + 1);
3400     }
3401   }
3402   return shared_archive_path;
3403 }
3404 
3405 #ifndef PRODUCT
3406 // Determine whether LogVMOutput should be implicitly turned on.
3407 static bool use_vm_log() {
3408   if (LogCompilation || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogFile) ||
3409       PrintCompilation || PrintInlining || PrintDependencies || PrintNativeNMethods ||
3410       PrintDebugInfo || PrintRelocations || PrintNMethods || PrintExceptionHandlers ||
3411       PrintAssembly || TraceDeoptimization || TraceDependencies ||
3412       (VerifyDependencies && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(VerifyDependencies))) {
3413     return true;
3414   }
3415 
3416 #ifdef COMPILER1
3417   if (PrintC1Statistics) {
3418     return true;
3419   }
3420 #endif // COMPILER1
3421 
3422 #ifdef COMPILER2
3423   if (PrintOptoAssembly || PrintOptoStatistics) {
3424     return true;
3425   }
3426 #endif // COMPILER2
3427 
3428   return false;
3429 }
3430 #endif // PRODUCT
3431 
3432 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3433 
3434 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3435 
3436   // Remaining part of option string
3437   const char* tail;
3438 
3439   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3440   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3441   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3442   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3443 
3444   const char* flags_file;
3445   int index;
3446   for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3447     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3448     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3449       flags_file = tail;
3450       settings_file_specified = true;
3451     }
3452     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3453       PrintVMOptions = true;
3454     }
3455     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3456       PrintVMOptions = false;
3457     }
3458     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3459       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3460     }
3461     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3462       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3463     }
3464     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial", &tail)) {
3465       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
3466       vm_exit(0);
3467     }
3468     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
3469 #if INCLUDE_NMT
3470       MemTracker::init_tracking_options(tail);
3471 #else
3472       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3473         "Native Memory Tracking is not supported in this VM\n");
3474       return JNI_ERR;
3475 #endif
3476     }
3477 
3478 
3479 #ifndef PRODUCT
3480     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments", &tail)) {
3481       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, true);
3482       vm_exit(0);
3483     }
3484 #endif
3485   }
3486 
3487   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3488     // uncast const to modify the flag args->ignoreUnrecognized
3489     *(jboolean*)(&args->ignoreUnrecognized) = true;
3490   }
3491 
3492   // Parse specified settings file
3493   if (settings_file_specified) {
3494     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3495       return JNI_EINVAL;
3496     }
3497   } else {
3498 #ifdef ASSERT
3499     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3500     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3501       return JNI_EINVAL;
3502     }
3503 #else
3504     struct stat buf;
3505     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3506       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3507     }
3508 #endif
3509   }
3510 
3511   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3512     for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3513       const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3514       if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3515         logOption(tail);
3516       }
3517     }
3518   }
3519 
3520   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
3521   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(args);
3522   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3523     return result;
3524   }
3525 
3526   // Call get_shared_archive_path() here, after possible SharedArchiveFile option got parsed.
3527   SharedArchivePath = get_shared_archive_path();
3528   if (SharedArchivePath == NULL) {
3529     return JNI_ENOMEM;
3530   }
3531 
3532   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3533   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3534   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3535     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3536             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3537             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3538   }
3539 
3540 #ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
3541   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages, "-XX:+UseLargePages");
3542 #endif
3543 
3544 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3545   #if (defined JAVASE_EMBEDDED || defined ARM)
3546     UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseG1GC, "G1 GC");
3547   #endif
3548 #endif
3549 
3550 #ifndef PRODUCT
3551   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3552     TraceBytecodes = true;
3553   }
3554   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
3555     if (UseCounterDecay) {
3556       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
3557       UseCounterDecay = false;
3558     }
3559   }
3560 #endif // PRODUCT
3561 
3562   // JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7
3563   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
3564     if (EnableInvokeDynamic) {
3565       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableInvokeDynamic)) {
3566         warning("JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7.  Disabling support.");
3567       }
3568       EnableInvokeDynamic = false;
3569     }
3570   }
3571 
3572   if (EnableInvokeDynamic && ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3573     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3574       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because EnableInvokeDynamic is true");
3575     }
3576     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3577   }
3578 
3579   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3580     // Turn on -verbose:gc options as well
3581     PrintGC = true;
3582   }
3583 
3584   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk18x_version()) {
3585     // To avoid changing the log format for 7 updates this flag is only
3586     // true by default in JDK8 and above.
3587     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause)) {
3588       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause, false);
3589     }
3590   }
3591 
3592   // Set object alignment values.
3593   set_object_alignment();
3594 
3595 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3596   force_serial_gc();
3597 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3598 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
3599   if (DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces) {
3600     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3601       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
3602     return JNI_ERR;
3603   }
3604   if ((UseSharedSpaces && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseSharedSpaces)) || PrintSharedSpaces) {
3605     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
3606     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
3607     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintSharedSpaces, false);
3608   }
3609   no_shared_spaces();
3610 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
3611 
3612   return JNI_OK;
3613 }
3614 
3615 jint Arguments::apply_ergo() {
3616 
3617   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3618   set_ergonomics_flags();
3619 
3620   set_shared_spaces_flags();
3621 
3622   // Check the GC selections again.
3623   if (!check_gc_consistency()) {
3624     return JNI_EINVAL;
3625   }
3626 
3627   if (TieredCompilation) {
3628     set_tiered_flags();
3629   } else {
3630     // Check if the policy is valid. Policies 0 and 1 are valid for non-tiered setup.
3631     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= 2) {
3632       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3633         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
3634     }
3635   }
3636   // Set NmethodSweepFraction after the size of the code cache is adapted (in case of tiered)
3637   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction)) {
3638     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction, 1 + ReservedCodeCacheSize / (16 * M));
3639   }
3640 
3641 
3642   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3643   set_heap_size();
3644 
3645 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3646   // Set per-collector flags
3647   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3648     set_parallel_gc_flags();
3649   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) { // should be done before ParNew check below
3650     set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags();
3651   } else if (UseParNewGC) {  // skipped if CMS is set above
3652     set_parnew_gc_flags();
3653   } else if (UseG1GC) {
3654     set_g1_gc_flags();
3655   }
3656   check_deprecated_gcs();
3657   check_deprecated_gc_flags();
3658   if (AssumeMP && !UseSerialGC) {
3659     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads) && ParallelGCThreads == 1) {
3660       warning("If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then"
3661               " you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately"
3662               " using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N");
3663     }
3664   }
3665 #else // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3666   assert(verify_serial_gc_flags(), "SerialGC unset");
3667 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3668 
3669   // Initialize Metaspace flags and alignments.
3670   Metaspace::ergo_initialize();
3671 
3672   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3673   set_bytecode_flags();
3674 
3675   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled.
3676   set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3677 
3678   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
3679   // which are subtlely different from each other but neither works with
3680   // biased locking.
3681   if (UseHeavyMonitors
3682 #ifdef COMPILER1
3683       || !UseFastLocking
3684 #endif // COMPILER1
3685     ) {
3686     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
3687       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
3688       // can't enable biased locking here
3689       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
3690               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
3691     }
3692     UseBiasedLocking = false;
3693   }
3694 
3695 #ifdef CC_INTERP
3696   // Clear flags not supported by the C++ interpreter
3697   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3698   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
3699   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
3700   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedClassPointers, false));
3701 #endif // CC_INTERP
3702 
3703 #ifdef COMPILER2
3704   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
3705     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
3706   }
3707   if (!EliminateLocks) {
3708     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
3709   }
3710   if (!Inline) {
3711     IncrementalInline = false;
3712   }
3713 #ifndef PRODUCT
3714   if (!IncrementalInline) {
3715     AlwaysIncrementalInline = false;
3716   }
3717 #endif
3718   if (IncrementalInline && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit)) {
3719     // incremental inlining: bump MaxNodeLimit
3720     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit, (intx)75000);
3721   }
3722   if (!UseTypeSpeculation && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel)) {
3723     // nothing to use the profiling, turn if off
3724     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(TypeProfileLevel, 0);
3725   }
3726   if (UseTypeSpeculation && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReplaceInParentMaps)) {
3727     // Doing the replace in parent maps helps speculation
3728     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReplaceInParentMaps, true);
3729   }
3730 #endif
3731 
3732   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3733     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3734     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3735   }
3736 
3737   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(CompressedClassSpaceSize) && !UseCompressedClassPointers) {
3738     warning("Setting CompressedClassSpaceSize has no effect when compressed class pointers are not used");
3739   }
3740 
3741 #ifndef PRODUCT
3742   if (CompileTheWorld) {
3743     // Force NmethodSweeper to sweep whole CodeCache each time.
3744     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction)) {
3745       NmethodSweepFraction = 1;
3746     }
3747   }
3748 
3749   if (!LogVMOutput && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(LogVMOutput)) {
3750     if (use_vm_log()) {
3751       LogVMOutput = true;
3752     }
3753   }
3754 #endif // PRODUCT
3755 
3756   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3757     CommandLineFlags::printSetFlags(tty);
3758   }
3759 
3760   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
3761   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
3762     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
3763         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
3764       UseBiasedLocking = false;
3765     }
3766   }
3767 
3768   // set PauseAtExit if the gamma launcher was used and a debugger is attached
3769   // but only if not already set on the commandline
3770   if (Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() && os::is_debugger_attached()) {
3771     bool set = false;
3772     CommandLineFlags::wasSetOnCmdline("PauseAtExit", &set);
3773     if (!set) {
3774       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PauseAtExit, true);
3775     }
3776   }
3777 
3778   return JNI_OK;
3779 }
3780 
3781 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
3782 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3783   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3784     if (UseNUMA) {
3785       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
3786         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
3787       }
3788       // For those collectors or operating systems (eg, Windows) that do
3789       // not support full UseNUMA, we will map to UseNUMAInterleaving for now
3790       UseNUMAInterleaving = true;
3791     }
3792   }
3793 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3794   return JNI_OK;
3795 }
3796 
3797 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3798   int count = 0;
3799   while(pl != NULL) {
3800     count++;
3801     pl = pl->next();
3802   }
3803   return count;
3804 }
3805 
3806 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3807   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
3808   SystemProperty* prop;
3809   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3810     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
3811   }
3812   return NULL;
3813 }
3814 
3815 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
3816   int count = 0;
3817   const char* ret_val = NULL;
3818 
3819   while(pl != NULL) {
3820     if(count >= index) {
3821       ret_val = pl->key();
3822       break;
3823     }
3824     count++;
3825     pl = pl->next();
3826   }
3827 
3828   return ret_val;
3829 }
3830 
3831 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
3832   int count = 0;
3833   char* ret_val = NULL;
3834 
3835   while(pl != NULL) {
3836     if(count >= index) {
3837       ret_val = pl->value();
3838       break;
3839     }
3840     count++;
3841     pl = pl->next();
3842   }
3843 
3844   return ret_val;
3845 }
3846 
3847 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
3848   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
3849   if (p == NULL) {
3850     *plist = new_p;
3851   } else {
3852     while (p->next() != NULL) {
3853       p = p->next();
3854     }
3855     p->set_next(new_p);
3856   }
3857 }
3858 
3859 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v) {
3860   if (plist == NULL)
3861     return;
3862 
3863   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, true);
3864   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
3865 }
3866 
3867 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
3868 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v, jboolean append) {
3869   if (plist == NULL)
3870     return;
3871 
3872   // If property key exist then update with new value.
3873   SystemProperty* prop;
3874   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3875     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
3876       if (append) {
3877         prop->append_value(v);
3878       } else {
3879         prop->set_value(v);
3880       }
3881       return;
3882     }
3883   }
3884 
3885   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v);
3886 }
3887 
3888 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
3889 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
3890 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
3891 // Notes:
3892 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
3893 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
3894 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
3895 // expanded one.
3896 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
3897 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
3898                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
3899   const char* p = src;
3900   char* b = buf;
3901   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
3902   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
3903 
3904   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
3905     if (*p == '%') {
3906       switch (*(++p)) {
3907       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
3908         *b++ = *p++;
3909         break;
3910       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
3911         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
3912         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
3913         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
3914         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
3915 
3916         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
3917         // the expanded pid, returns false.
3918         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
3919           return false;
3920         } else {
3921           b += ret;
3922           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
3923           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
3924             // reach the end of the buffer.
3925             return true;
3926           }
3927         }
3928         p++;
3929         break;
3930       }
3931       default :
3932         *b++ = '%';
3933       }
3934     } else {
3935       *b++ = *p++;
3936     }
3937   }
3938   *b = '\0';
3939   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
3940 }