1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2012, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  */
  23 
  24 
  25 package org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements;
  26 
  27 import static jdk.vm.ci.meta.DeoptimizationAction.None;
  28 import static jdk.vm.ci.meta.DeoptimizationReason.RuntimeConstraint;
  29 import static org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.GraalOptions.GeneratePIC;
  30 import static org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.GraalOptions.MinimalBulkZeroingSize;
  31 import static org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.calc.UnsignedMath.belowThan;
  32 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.GraalHotSpotVMConfigBase.INJECTED_OPTIONVALUES;
  33 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.GraalHotSpotVMConfigBase.INJECTED_VMCONFIG;
  34 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.HotSpotBackend.NEW_ARRAY;
  35 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.HotSpotBackend.NEW_ARRAY_OR_NULL;
  36 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.HotSpotBackend.NEW_INSTANCE;
  37 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.HotSpotBackend.NEW_INSTANCE_OR_NULL;
  38 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.HotSpotBackend.NEW_MULTI_ARRAY;
  39 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.HotSpotBackend.NEW_MULTI_ARRAY_OR_NULL;
  40 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.CLASS_ARRAY_KLASS_LOCATION;
  41 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.HUB_WRITE_LOCATION;
  42 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.MARK_WORD_LOCATION;
  43 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.PROTOTYPE_MARK_WORD_LOCATION;
  44 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.TLAB_END_LOCATION;
  45 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.TLAB_TOP_LOCATION;
  46 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.allocateInstancePrefetchLines;
  47 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.allocatePrefetchDistance;
  48 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.allocatePrefetchLines;
  49 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.allocatePrefetchStepSize;
  50 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.allocatePrefetchStyle;
  51 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.arrayAllocationSize;
  52 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.arrayKlassOffset;
  53 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.arrayLengthOffset;
  54 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.initializeObjectHeader;
  55 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.instanceHeaderSize;
  56 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.isInstanceKlassFullyInitialized;
  57 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.layoutHelperHeaderSizeMask;
  58 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.layoutHelperHeaderSizeShift;
  59 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.layoutHelperLog2ElementSizeMask;
  60 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.layoutHelperLog2ElementSizeShift;
  61 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.loadKlassFromObject;
  62 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.prototypeMarkWordOffset;
  63 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.readLayoutHelper;
  64 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.readTlabEnd;
  65 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.readTlabTop;
  66 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.registerAsWord;
  67 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.useBiasedLocking;
  68 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.useTLAB;
  69 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.verifyOop;
  70 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotSpotReplacementsUtil.writeTlabTop;
  71 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotspotSnippetsOptions.ProfileAllocations;
  72 import static org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.replacements.HotspotSnippetsOptions.ProfileAllocationsContext;
  73 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.PiArrayNode.piArrayCastToSnippetReplaceeStamp;
  74 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.PiNode.piCastToSnippetReplaceeStamp;
  75 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.BranchProbabilityNode.FAST_PATH_PROBABILITY;
  76 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.BranchProbabilityNode.FREQUENT_PROBABILITY;
  77 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.BranchProbabilityNode.SLOW_PATH_PROBABILITY;
  78 import static org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.BranchProbabilityNode.probability;
  79 import static org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.ReplacementsUtil.REPLACEMENTS_ASSERTIONS_ENABLED;
  80 import static org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.ReplacementsUtil.runtimeAssert;
  81 import static org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.ReplacementsUtil.staticAssert;
  82 import static org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetTemplate.DEFAULT_REPLACER;
  83 import static org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.nodes.CStringConstant.cstring;
  84 import static org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.nodes.ExplodeLoopNode.explodeLoop;
  85 
  86 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.replacements.Fold;
  87 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.replacements.Fold.InjectedParameter;
  88 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.replacements.Snippet;
  89 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.replacements.Snippet.ConstantParameter;
  90 import org.graalvm.compiler.api.replacements.Snippet.VarargsParameter;
  91 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.spi.ForeignCallDescriptor;
  92 import org.graalvm.compiler.core.common.type.StampFactory;
  93 import org.graalvm.compiler.debug.DebugHandlersFactory;
  94 import org.graalvm.compiler.debug.GraalError;
  95 import org.graalvm.compiler.graph.Node.ConstantNodeParameter;
  96 import org.graalvm.compiler.graph.Node.NodeIntrinsic;
  97 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.GraalHotSpotVMConfig;
  98 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.meta.HotSpotProviders;
  99 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.meta.HotSpotRegistersProvider;
 100 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.nodes.DimensionsNode;
 101 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.nodes.aot.LoadConstantIndirectlyFixedNode;
 102 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.nodes.aot.LoadConstantIndirectlyNode;
 103 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.nodes.type.KlassPointerStamp;
 104 import org.graalvm.compiler.hotspot.word.KlassPointer;
 105 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.ConstantNode;
 106 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.DeoptimizeNode;
 107 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.PiNode;
 108 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.PrefetchAllocateNode;
 109 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.SnippetAnchorNode;
 110 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.StructuredGraph;
 111 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.ValueNode;
 112 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.debug.DynamicCounterNode;
 113 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.debug.VerifyHeapNode;
 114 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.ForeignCallNode;
 115 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.extended.MembarNode;
 116 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.DynamicNewArrayNode;
 117 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.DynamicNewInstanceNode;
 118 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.NewArrayNode;
 119 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.NewInstanceNode;
 120 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.java.NewMultiArrayNode;
 121 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.memory.address.OffsetAddressNode;
 122 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.spi.LoweringTool;
 123 import org.graalvm.compiler.nodes.util.GraphUtil;
 124 import org.graalvm.compiler.options.OptionValues;
 125 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.ReplacementsUtil;
 126 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetCounter;
 127 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetCounter.Group;
 128 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetTemplate;
 129 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetTemplate.AbstractTemplates;
 130 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetTemplate.Arguments;
 131 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.SnippetTemplate.SnippetInfo;
 132 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.Snippets;
 133 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.nodes.ExplodeLoopNode;
 134 import org.graalvm.compiler.replacements.nodes.ZeroMemoryNode;
 135 import org.graalvm.compiler.word.Word;
 136 import jdk.internal.vm.compiler.word.LocationIdentity;
 137 import jdk.internal.vm.compiler.word.WordFactory;
 138 
 139 import jdk.vm.ci.code.CodeUtil;
 140 import jdk.vm.ci.code.MemoryBarriers;
 141 import jdk.vm.ci.code.Register;
 142 import jdk.vm.ci.code.TargetDescription;
 143 import jdk.vm.ci.hotspot.HotSpotResolvedObjectType;
 144 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.JavaKind;
 145 import jdk.vm.ci.meta.ResolvedJavaType;
 146 
 147 /**
 148  * Snippets used for implementing NEW, ANEWARRAY and NEWARRAY.
 149  */
 150 public class NewObjectSnippets implements Snippets {
 151 
 152     enum ProfileContext {
 153         AllocatingMethod,
 154         InstanceOrArray,
 155         AllocatedType,
 156         AllocatedTypesInMethod,
 157         Total
 158     }
 159 
 160     @Fold
 161     static String createName(@Fold.InjectedParameter OptionValues options, String path, String typeContext) {
 162         switch (ProfileAllocationsContext.getValue(options)) {
 163             case AllocatingMethod:
 164                 return "";
 165             case InstanceOrArray:
 166                 return path;
 167             case AllocatedType:
 168             case AllocatedTypesInMethod:
 169                 return typeContext;
 170             case Total:
 171                 return "bytes";
 172             default:
 173                 throw GraalError.shouldNotReachHere();
 174         }
 175     }
 176 
 177     @Fold
 178     static boolean doProfile(@Fold.InjectedParameter OptionValues options) {
 179         return ProfileAllocations.getValue(options);
 180     }
 181 
 182     @Fold
 183     static boolean withContext(@Fold.InjectedParameter OptionValues options) {
 184         ProfileContext context = ProfileAllocationsContext.getValue(options);
 185         return context == ProfileContext.AllocatingMethod || context == ProfileContext.AllocatedTypesInMethod;
 186     }
 187 
 188     protected static void profileAllocation(String path, long size, String typeContext) {
 189         if (doProfile(INJECTED_OPTIONVALUES)) {
 190             String name = createName(INJECTED_OPTIONVALUES, path, typeContext);
 191 
 192             boolean context = withContext(INJECTED_OPTIONVALUES);
 193             DynamicCounterNode.counter("number of bytes allocated", name, size, context);
 194             DynamicCounterNode.counter("number of allocations", name, 1, context);
 195         }
 196     }
 197 
 198     public static void emitPrefetchAllocate(Word address, boolean isArray) {
 199         if (allocatePrefetchStyle(INJECTED_VMCONFIG) > 0) {
 200             // Insert a prefetch for each allocation only on the fast-path
 201             // Generate several prefetch instructions.
 202             int lines = isArray ? allocatePrefetchLines(INJECTED_VMCONFIG) : allocateInstancePrefetchLines(INJECTED_VMCONFIG);
 203             int stepSize = allocatePrefetchStepSize(INJECTED_VMCONFIG);
 204             int distance = allocatePrefetchDistance(INJECTED_VMCONFIG);
 205             ExplodeLoopNode.explodeLoop();
 206             for (int i = 0; i < lines; i++) {
 207                 PrefetchAllocateNode.prefetch(OffsetAddressNode.address(address, distance));
 208                 distance += stepSize;
 209             }
 210         }
 211     }
 212 
 213     @Snippet
 214     public static Object allocateInstance(@ConstantParameter long size, KlassPointer hub, Word prototypeMarkWord, @ConstantParameter boolean fillContents,
 215                     @ConstantParameter Register threadRegister, @ConstantParameter boolean constantSize, @ConstantParameter String typeContext,
 216                     @ConstantParameter Counters counters) {
 217         return piCastToSnippetReplaceeStamp(allocateInstanceHelper(size, hub, prototypeMarkWord, fillContents, threadRegister, constantSize, typeContext, counters));
 218     }
 219 
 220     public static Object allocateInstanceHelper(long size, KlassPointer hub, Word prototypeMarkWord, boolean fillContents,
 221                     Register threadRegister, boolean constantSize, String typeContext, Counters counters) {
 222         Object result;
 223         Word thread = registerAsWord(threadRegister);
 224         Word top = readTlabTop(thread);
 225         Word end = readTlabEnd(thread);
 226         Word newTop = top.add(WordFactory.unsigned(size));
 227         if (useTLAB(INJECTED_VMCONFIG) && probability(FAST_PATH_PROBABILITY, newTop.belowOrEqual(end))) {
 228             writeTlabTop(thread, newTop);
 229             emitPrefetchAllocate(newTop, false);
 230             result = formatObject(hub, size, top, prototypeMarkWord, fillContents, constantSize, counters);
 231         } else {
 232             Counters theCounters = counters;
 233             if (theCounters != null && theCounters.stub != null) {
 234                 theCounters.stub.inc();
 235             }
 236             result = newInstanceStub(hub);
 237         }
 238         profileAllocation("instance", size, typeContext);
 239         return verifyOop(result);
 240     }
 241 
 242     public static Object newInstanceStub(KlassPointer hub) {
 243         if (useNullAllocationStubs(INJECTED_VMCONFIG)) {
 244             return nonNullOrDeopt(newInstanceOrNull(NEW_INSTANCE_OR_NULL, hub));
 245         } else {
 246             return newInstance(NEW_INSTANCE, hub);
 247         }
 248     }
 249 
 250     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = true)
 251     private static native Object newInstance(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, KlassPointer hub);
 252 
 253     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = false)
 254     private static native Object newInstanceOrNull(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, KlassPointer hub);
 255 
 256     @Snippet
 257     public static Object allocateInstancePIC(@ConstantParameter long size, KlassPointer hub, Word prototypeMarkWord, @ConstantParameter boolean fillContents,
 258                     @ConstantParameter Register threadRegister, @ConstantParameter boolean constantSize, @ConstantParameter String typeContext,
 259                     @ConstantParameter Counters counters) {
 260         // Klass must be initialized by the time the first instance is allocated, therefore we can
 261         // just load it from the corresponding cell and avoid the resolution check. We have to use a
 262         // fixed load though, to prevent it from floating above the initialization.
 263         KlassPointer picHub = LoadConstantIndirectlyFixedNode.loadKlass(hub);
 264         return piCastToSnippetReplaceeStamp(allocateInstanceHelper(size, picHub, prototypeMarkWord, fillContents, threadRegister, constantSize, typeContext, counters));
 265     }
 266 
 267     @Snippet
 268     public static Object allocateInstanceDynamic(Class<?> type, Class<?> classClass, @ConstantParameter boolean fillContents, @ConstantParameter Register threadRegister,
 269                     @ConstantParameter Counters counters) {
 270         if (probability(SLOW_PATH_PROBABILITY, type == null)) {
 271             DeoptimizeNode.deopt(None, RuntimeConstraint);
 272         }
 273         Class<?> nonNullType = PiNode.piCastNonNullClass(type, SnippetAnchorNode.anchor());
 274 
 275         if (probability(SLOW_PATH_PROBABILITY, DynamicNewInstanceNode.throwsInstantiationException(type, classClass))) {
 276             DeoptimizeNode.deopt(None, RuntimeConstraint);
 277         }
 278 
 279         return PiNode.piCastToSnippetReplaceeStamp(allocateInstanceDynamicHelper(type, fillContents, threadRegister, counters, nonNullType));
 280     }
 281 
 282     private static Object allocateInstanceDynamicHelper(Class<?> type, boolean fillContents, Register threadRegister, Counters counters, Class<?> nonNullType) {
 283         KlassPointer hub = ClassGetHubNode.readClass(nonNullType);
 284         if (probability(FAST_PATH_PROBABILITY, !hub.isNull())) {
 285             KlassPointer nonNullHub = ClassGetHubNode.piCastNonNull(hub, SnippetAnchorNode.anchor());
 286 
 287             if (probability(FAST_PATH_PROBABILITY, isInstanceKlassFullyInitialized(nonNullHub))) {
 288                 int layoutHelper = readLayoutHelper(nonNullHub);
 289                 /*
 290                  * src/share/vm/oops/klass.hpp: For instances, layout helper is a positive number,
 291                  * the instance size. This size is already passed through align_object_size and
 292                  * scaled to bytes. The low order bit is set if instances of this class cannot be
 293                  * allocated using the fastpath.
 294                  */
 295                 if (probability(FAST_PATH_PROBABILITY, (layoutHelper & 1) == 0)) {
 296                     Word prototypeMarkWord = nonNullHub.readWord(prototypeMarkWordOffset(INJECTED_VMCONFIG), PROTOTYPE_MARK_WORD_LOCATION);
 297                     /*
 298                      * FIXME(je,ds): we should actually pass typeContext instead of "" but late
 299                      * binding of parameters is not yet supported by the GraphBuilderPlugin system.
 300                      */
 301                     return allocateInstanceHelper(layoutHelper, nonNullHub, prototypeMarkWord, fillContents, threadRegister, false, "", counters);
 302                 }
 303             } else {
 304                 DeoptimizeNode.deopt(None, RuntimeConstraint);
 305             }
 306         }
 307         return dynamicNewInstanceStub(type);
 308     }
 309 
 310     /**
 311      * Maximum array length for which fast path allocation is used.
 312      */
 313     public static final int MAX_ARRAY_FAST_PATH_ALLOCATION_LENGTH = 0x00FFFFFF;
 314 
 315     @Snippet
 316     public static Object allocatePrimitiveArrayPIC(KlassPointer hub,
 317                     int length,
 318                     Word prototypeMarkWord,
 319                     @ConstantParameter int headerSize,
 320                     @ConstantParameter int log2ElementSize,
 321                     @ConstantParameter boolean fillContents,
 322                     @ConstantParameter Register threadRegister,
 323                     @ConstantParameter boolean maybeUnroll,
 324                     @ConstantParameter String typeContext,
 325                     @ConstantParameter boolean useBulkZeroing,
 326                     @ConstantParameter Counters counters) {
 327         // Primitive array types are eagerly pre-resolved. We can use a floating load.
 328         KlassPointer picHub = LoadConstantIndirectlyNode.loadKlass(hub);
 329         return allocateArrayImpl(picHub, length, prototypeMarkWord, headerSize, log2ElementSize, fillContents,
 330                         threadRegister, maybeUnroll, typeContext, useBulkZeroing, counters);
 331     }
 332 
 333     @Snippet
 334     public static Object allocateArrayPIC(KlassPointer hub,
 335                     int length,
 336                     Word prototypeMarkWord,
 337                     @ConstantParameter int headerSize,
 338                     @ConstantParameter int log2ElementSize,
 339                     @ConstantParameter boolean fillContents,
 340                     @ConstantParameter Register threadRegister,
 341                     @ConstantParameter boolean maybeUnroll,
 342                     @ConstantParameter String typeContext,
 343                     @ConstantParameter boolean useBulkZeroing,
 344                     @ConstantParameter Counters counters) {
 345         // Array type would be resolved by dominating resolution.
 346         KlassPointer picHub = LoadConstantIndirectlyFixedNode.loadKlass(hub);
 347         return allocateArrayImpl(picHub, length, prototypeMarkWord, headerSize, log2ElementSize, fillContents,
 348                         threadRegister, maybeUnroll, typeContext, useBulkZeroing, counters);
 349     }
 350 
 351     @Snippet
 352     public static Object allocateArray(KlassPointer hub,
 353                     int length,
 354                     Word prototypeMarkWord,
 355                     @ConstantParameter int headerSize,
 356                     @ConstantParameter int log2ElementSize,
 357                     @ConstantParameter boolean fillContents,
 358                     @ConstantParameter Register threadRegister,
 359                     @ConstantParameter boolean maybeUnroll,
 360                     @ConstantParameter String typeContext,
 361                     @ConstantParameter boolean useBulkZeroing,
 362                     @ConstantParameter Counters counters) {
 363         Object result = allocateArrayImpl(hub,
 364                         length,
 365                         prototypeMarkWord,
 366                         headerSize,
 367                         log2ElementSize,
 368                         fillContents,
 369                         threadRegister,
 370                         maybeUnroll,
 371                         typeContext,
 372                         useBulkZeroing,
 373                         counters);
 374         return piArrayCastToSnippetReplaceeStamp(verifyOop(result), length);
 375     }
 376 
 377     /**
 378      * When allocating on the slow path, determines whether to use a version of the runtime call
 379      * that returns {@code null} on a failed allocation instead of raising an OutOfMemoryError.
 380      */
 381     @Fold
 382     static boolean useNullAllocationStubs(@InjectedParameter GraalHotSpotVMConfig config) {
 383         return config.areNullAllocationStubsAvailable();
 384     }
 385 
 386     private static Object allocateArrayImpl(KlassPointer hub, int length, Word prototypeMarkWord, int headerSize, int log2ElementSize, boolean fillContents, Register threadRegister,
 387                     boolean maybeUnroll, String typeContext, boolean useBulkZeroing, Counters counters) {
 388         Object result;
 389         long allocationSize = arrayAllocationSize(length, headerSize, log2ElementSize);
 390         Word thread = registerAsWord(threadRegister);
 391         Word top = readTlabTop(thread);
 392         Word end = readTlabEnd(thread);
 393         Word newTop = top.add(WordFactory.unsigned(allocationSize));
 394         if (probability(FREQUENT_PROBABILITY, belowThan(length, MAX_ARRAY_FAST_PATH_ALLOCATION_LENGTH)) && useTLAB(INJECTED_VMCONFIG) &&
 395                         probability(FAST_PATH_PROBABILITY, newTop.belowOrEqual(end))) {
 396             writeTlabTop(thread, newTop);
 397             emitPrefetchAllocate(newTop, true);
 398             Counters theCounters = counters;
 399             if (theCounters != null && theCounters.arrayLoopInit != null) {
 400                 theCounters.arrayLoopInit.inc();
 401             }
 402             result = formatArray(hub, allocationSize, length, headerSize, top, prototypeMarkWord, fillContents, maybeUnroll, useBulkZeroing, counters);
 403         } else {
 404             result = newArrayStub(hub, length);
 405         }
 406         profileAllocation("array", allocationSize, typeContext);
 407         return result;
 408     }
 409 
 410     public static Object newArrayStub(KlassPointer hub, int length) {
 411         if (useNullAllocationStubs(INJECTED_VMCONFIG)) {
 412             return nonNullOrDeopt(newArrayOrNull(NEW_ARRAY_OR_NULL, hub, length));
 413         } else {
 414             return newArray(NEW_ARRAY, hub, length);
 415         }
 416     }
 417 
 418     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = true)
 419     private static native Object newArray(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, KlassPointer hub, int length);
 420 
 421     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = false)
 422     private static native Object newArrayOrNull(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, KlassPointer hub, int length);
 423 
 424     /**
 425      * New dynamic array stub that throws an {@link OutOfMemoryError} on allocation failure.
 426      */
 427     public static final ForeignCallDescriptor DYNAMIC_NEW_INSTANCE = new ForeignCallDescriptor("dynamic_new_instance", Object.class, Class.class);
 428 
 429     /**
 430      * New dynamic array stub that returns null on allocation failure.
 431      */
 432     public static final ForeignCallDescriptor DYNAMIC_NEW_INSTANCE_OR_NULL = new ForeignCallDescriptor("dynamic_new_instance_or_null", Object.class, Class.class);
 433 
 434     public static Object dynamicNewInstanceStub(Class<?> elementType) {
 435         if (useNullAllocationStubs(INJECTED_VMCONFIG)) {
 436             return nonNullOrDeopt(dynamicNewInstanceOrNull(DYNAMIC_NEW_INSTANCE_OR_NULL, elementType));
 437         } else {
 438             return dynamicNewInstance(DYNAMIC_NEW_INSTANCE, elementType);
 439         }
 440     }
 441 
 442     /**
 443      * Deoptimizes if {@code obj == null} otherwise returns {@code obj}.
 444      */
 445     private static Object nonNullOrDeopt(Object obj) {
 446         if (obj == null) {
 447             DeoptimizeNode.deopt(None, RuntimeConstraint);
 448         }
 449         return obj;
 450     }
 451 
 452     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = true)
 453     public static native Object dynamicNewInstance(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, Class<?> elementType);
 454 
 455     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = false)
 456     public static native Object dynamicNewInstanceOrNull(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, Class<?> elementType);
 457 
 458     @Snippet
 459     public static Object allocateArrayDynamic(Class<?> elementType,
 460                     Class<?> voidClass,
 461                     int length,
 462                     @ConstantParameter boolean fillContents,
 463                     @ConstantParameter Register threadRegister,
 464                     @ConstantParameter JavaKind knownElementKind,
 465                     @ConstantParameter int knownLayoutHelper,
 466                     @ConstantParameter boolean useBulkZeroing,
 467                     Word prototypeMarkWord,
 468                     @ConstantParameter Counters counters) {
 469         Object result = allocateArrayDynamicImpl(elementType, voidClass, length, fillContents, threadRegister, knownElementKind,
 470                         knownLayoutHelper, useBulkZeroing, prototypeMarkWord, counters);
 471         return result;
 472     }
 473 
 474     private static Object allocateArrayDynamicImpl(Class<?> elementType, Class<?> voidClass, int length, boolean fillContents, Register threadRegister, JavaKind knownElementKind,
 475                     int knownLayoutHelper, boolean useBulkZeroing, Word prototypeMarkWord, Counters counters) {
 476         /*
 477          * We only need the dynamic check for void when we have no static information from
 478          * knownElementKind.
 479          */
 480         staticAssert(knownElementKind != JavaKind.Void, "unsupported knownElementKind");
 481         if (knownElementKind == JavaKind.Illegal && probability(SLOW_PATH_PROBABILITY, elementType == null || DynamicNewArrayNode.throwsIllegalArgumentException(elementType, voidClass))) {
 482             DeoptimizeNode.deopt(None, RuntimeConstraint);
 483         }
 484 
 485         KlassPointer klass = loadKlassFromObject(elementType, arrayKlassOffset(INJECTED_VMCONFIG), CLASS_ARRAY_KLASS_LOCATION);
 486         if (klass.isNull()) {
 487             DeoptimizeNode.deopt(None, RuntimeConstraint);
 488         }
 489         KlassPointer nonNullKlass = ClassGetHubNode.piCastNonNull(klass, SnippetAnchorNode.anchor());
 490 
 491         if (length < 0) {
 492             DeoptimizeNode.deopt(None, RuntimeConstraint);
 493         }
 494         int layoutHelper;
 495         if (knownElementKind == JavaKind.Illegal) {
 496             layoutHelper = readLayoutHelper(nonNullKlass);
 497         } else {
 498             runtimeAssert(knownLayoutHelper == readLayoutHelper(nonNullKlass), "layout mismatch");
 499             layoutHelper = knownLayoutHelper;
 500         }
 501         //@formatter:off
 502         // from src/share/vm/oops/klass.hpp:
 503         //
 504         // For arrays, layout helper is a negative number, containing four
 505         // distinct bytes, as follows:
 506         //    MSB:[tag, hsz, ebt, log2(esz)]:LSB
 507         // where:
 508         //    tag is 0x80 if the elements are oops, 0xC0 if non-oops
 509         //    hsz is array header size in bytes (i.e., offset of first element)
 510         //    ebt is the BasicType of the elements
 511         //    esz is the element size in bytes
 512         //@formatter:on
 513 
 514         int headerSize = (layoutHelper >> layoutHelperHeaderSizeShift(INJECTED_VMCONFIG)) & layoutHelperHeaderSizeMask(INJECTED_VMCONFIG);
 515         int log2ElementSize = (layoutHelper >> layoutHelperLog2ElementSizeShift(INJECTED_VMCONFIG)) & layoutHelperLog2ElementSizeMask(INJECTED_VMCONFIG);
 516 
 517         Object result = allocateArrayImpl(nonNullKlass, length, prototypeMarkWord, headerSize, log2ElementSize, fillContents,
 518                         threadRegister, false, "dynamic type", useBulkZeroing, counters);
 519         return piArrayCastToSnippetReplaceeStamp(verifyOop(result), length);
 520     }
 521 
 522     /**
 523      * Calls the runtime stub for implementing MULTIANEWARRAY.
 524      */
 525     @Snippet
 526     private static Object newmultiarray(KlassPointer hub, @ConstantParameter int rank, @VarargsParameter int[] dimensions) {
 527         Word dims = DimensionsNode.allocaDimsArray(rank);
 528         ExplodeLoopNode.explodeLoop();
 529         for (int i = 0; i < rank; i++) {
 530             dims.writeInt(i * 4, dimensions[i], LocationIdentity.init());
 531         }
 532         return newMultiArrayStub(hub, rank, dims);
 533     }
 534 
 535     private static Object newMultiArrayStub(KlassPointer hub, int rank, Word dims) {
 536         if (useNullAllocationStubs(INJECTED_VMCONFIG)) {
 537             return nonNullOrDeopt(newMultiArrayOrNull(NEW_MULTI_ARRAY_OR_NULL, hub, rank, dims));
 538         } else {
 539             return newMultiArray(NEW_MULTI_ARRAY, hub, rank, dims);
 540         }
 541     }
 542 
 543     @Snippet
 544     private static Object newmultiarrayPIC(KlassPointer hub, @ConstantParameter int rank, @VarargsParameter int[] dimensions) {
 545         // Array type would be resolved by dominating resolution.
 546         KlassPointer picHub = LoadConstantIndirectlyFixedNode.loadKlass(hub);
 547         return newmultiarray(picHub, rank, dimensions);
 548     }
 549 
 550     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = true)
 551     private static native Object newMultiArray(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, KlassPointer hub, int rank, Word dims);
 552 
 553     @NodeIntrinsic(value = ForeignCallNode.class, injectedStampIsNonNull = false)
 554     private static native Object newMultiArrayOrNull(@ConstantNodeParameter ForeignCallDescriptor descriptor, KlassPointer hub, int rank, Word dims);
 555 
 556     /**
 557      * Maximum number of long stores to emit when zeroing an object with a constant size. Larger
 558      * objects have their bodies initialized in a loop.
 559      */
 560     private static final int MAX_UNROLLED_OBJECT_ZEROING_STORES = 8;
 561 
 562     /**
 563      * Zero uninitialized memory in a newly allocated object, unrolling as necessary and ensuring
 564      * that stores are aligned.
 565      *
 566      * @param size number of bytes to zero
 567      * @param memory beginning of object which is being zeroed
 568      * @param constantSize is {@code size} known to be constant in the snippet
 569      * @param startOffset offset to begin zeroing. May not be word aligned.
 570      * @param manualUnroll maximally unroll zeroing
 571      * @param useBulkZeroing apply bulk zeroing
 572      */
 573     private static void zeroMemory(long size, Word memory, boolean constantSize, int startOffset, boolean manualUnroll,
 574                     boolean useBulkZeroing, Counters counters) {
 575         fillMemory(0, size, memory, constantSize, startOffset, manualUnroll, useBulkZeroing, counters);
 576     }
 577 
 578     private static void fillMemory(long value, long size, Word memory, boolean constantSize, int startOffset, boolean manualUnroll,
 579                     boolean useBulkZeroing, Counters counters) {
 580         ReplacementsUtil.runtimeAssert((size & 0x7) == 0, "unaligned object size");
 581         int offset = startOffset;
 582         if ((offset & 0x7) != 0) {
 583             memory.writeInt(offset, (int) value, LocationIdentity.init());
 584             offset += 4;
 585         }
 586         ReplacementsUtil.runtimeAssert((offset & 0x7) == 0, "unaligned offset");
 587         Counters theCounters = counters;
 588         if (manualUnroll && ((size - offset) / 8) <= MAX_UNROLLED_OBJECT_ZEROING_STORES) {
 589             ReplacementsUtil.staticAssert(!constantSize, "size shouldn't be constant at instantiation time");
 590             // This case handles arrays of constant length. Instead of having a snippet variant for
 591             // each length, generate a chain of stores of maximum length. Once it's inlined the
 592             // break statement will trim excess stores.
 593             if (theCounters != null && theCounters.instanceSeqInit != null) {
 594                 theCounters.instanceSeqInit.inc();
 595             }
 596 
 597             explodeLoop();
 598             for (int i = 0; i < MAX_UNROLLED_OBJECT_ZEROING_STORES; i++, offset += 8) {
 599                 if (offset == size) {
 600                     break;
 601                 }
 602                 memory.initializeLong(offset, value, LocationIdentity.init());
 603             }
 604         } else {
 605             // Use Word instead of int to avoid extension to long in generated code
 606             Word off = WordFactory.signed(offset);
 607             if (useBulkZeroing && probability(SLOW_PATH_PROBABILITY, size >= getMinimalBulkZeroingSize(INJECTED_OPTIONVALUES))) {
 608                 if (theCounters != null && theCounters.instanceBulkInit != null) {
 609                     theCounters.instanceBulkInit.inc();
 610                 }
 611                 ZeroMemoryNode.zero(memory.add(off), size - offset, LocationIdentity.init());
 612             } else {
 613                 if (constantSize && ((size - offset) / 8) <= MAX_UNROLLED_OBJECT_ZEROING_STORES) {
 614                     if (theCounters != null && theCounters.instanceSeqInit != null) {
 615                         theCounters.instanceSeqInit.inc();
 616                     }
 617                     explodeLoop();
 618                 } else {
 619                     if (theCounters != null && theCounters.instanceLoopInit != null) {
 620                         theCounters.instanceLoopInit.inc();
 621                     }
 622                 }
 623                 for (; off.rawValue() < size; off = off.add(8)) {
 624                     memory.initializeLong(off, value, LocationIdentity.init());
 625                 }
 626 
 627             }
 628         }
 629     }
 630 
 631     @Fold
 632     static int getMinimalBulkZeroingSize(@InjectedParameter OptionValues optionValues) {
 633         return MinimalBulkZeroingSize.getValue(optionValues);
 634     }
 635 
 636     /**
 637      * Fill uninitialized memory with garbage value in a newly allocated object, unrolling as
 638      * necessary and ensuring that stores are aligned.
 639      *
 640      * @param size number of bytes to zero
 641      * @param memory beginning of object which is being zeroed
 642      * @param constantSize is {@code  size} known to be constant in the snippet
 643      * @param startOffset offset to begin zeroing. May not be word aligned.
 644      * @param manualUnroll maximally unroll zeroing
 645      */
 646     private static void fillWithGarbage(long size, Word memory, boolean constantSize, int startOffset, boolean manualUnroll, Counters counters) {
 647         fillMemory(0xfefefefefefefefeL, size, memory, constantSize, startOffset, manualUnroll, false, counters);
 648     }
 649 
 650     /**
 651      * Formats some allocated memory with an object header and zeroes out the rest.
 652      */
 653     private static Object formatObject(KlassPointer hub, long size, Word memory, Word compileTimePrototypeMarkWord, boolean fillContents, boolean constantSize, Counters counters) {
 654         Word prototypeMarkWord = useBiasedLocking(INJECTED_VMCONFIG) ? hub.readWord(prototypeMarkWordOffset(INJECTED_VMCONFIG), PROTOTYPE_MARK_WORD_LOCATION) : compileTimePrototypeMarkWord;
 655         initializeObjectHeader(memory, prototypeMarkWord, hub);
 656         if (fillContents) {
 657             zeroMemory(size, memory, constantSize, instanceHeaderSize(INJECTED_VMCONFIG), false, false, counters);
 658         } else if (REPLACEMENTS_ASSERTIONS_ENABLED) {
 659             fillWithGarbage(size, memory, constantSize, instanceHeaderSize(INJECTED_VMCONFIG), false, counters);
 660         }
 661         MembarNode.memoryBarrier(MemoryBarriers.STORE_STORE, LocationIdentity.init());
 662         return memory.toObjectNonNull();
 663     }
 664 
 665     @Snippet
 666     private static void verifyHeap(@ConstantParameter Register threadRegister) {
 667         Word thread = registerAsWord(threadRegister);
 668         Word topValue = readTlabTop(thread);
 669         if (!topValue.equal(WordFactory.zero())) {
 670             Word topValueContents = topValue.readWord(0, MARK_WORD_LOCATION);
 671             if (topValueContents.equal(WordFactory.zero())) {
 672                 AssertionSnippets.vmMessageC(AssertionSnippets.ASSERTION_VM_MESSAGE_C, true, cstring("overzeroing of TLAB detected"), 0L, 0L, 0L);
 673             }
 674         }
 675     }
 676 
 677     /**
 678      * Formats some allocated memory with an object header and zeroes out the rest.
 679      */
 680     private static Object formatArray(KlassPointer hub, long allocationSize, int length, int headerSize, Word memory, Word prototypeMarkWord, boolean fillContents, boolean maybeUnroll,
 681                     boolean useBulkZeroing, Counters counters) {
 682         memory.writeInt(arrayLengthOffset(INJECTED_VMCONFIG), length, LocationIdentity.init());
 683         /*
 684          * store hub last as the concurrent garbage collectors assume length is valid if hub field
 685          * is not null
 686          */
 687         initializeObjectHeader(memory, prototypeMarkWord, hub);
 688         if (fillContents) {
 689             zeroMemory(allocationSize, memory, false, headerSize, maybeUnroll, useBulkZeroing, counters);
 690         } else if (REPLACEMENTS_ASSERTIONS_ENABLED) {
 691             fillWithGarbage(allocationSize, memory, false, headerSize, maybeUnroll, counters);
 692         }
 693         MembarNode.memoryBarrier(MemoryBarriers.STORE_STORE, LocationIdentity.init());
 694         return memory.toObjectNonNull();
 695     }
 696 
 697     static class Counters {
 698         Counters(SnippetCounter.Group.Factory factory) {
 699             Group newInstance = factory.createSnippetCounterGroup("NewInstance");
 700             Group newArray = factory.createSnippetCounterGroup("NewArray");
 701             instanceSeqInit = new SnippetCounter(newInstance, "tlabSeqInit", "TLAB alloc with unrolled zeroing");
 702             instanceLoopInit = new SnippetCounter(newInstance, "tlabLoopInit", "TLAB alloc with zeroing in a loop");
 703             instanceBulkInit = new SnippetCounter(newArray, "tlabBulkInit", "TLAB alloc with bulk zeroing");
 704             arrayLoopInit = new SnippetCounter(newArray, "tlabLoopInit", "TLAB alloc with zeroing in a loop");
 705             stub = new SnippetCounter(newInstance, "stub", "alloc and zeroing via stub");
 706         }
 707 
 708         final SnippetCounter instanceSeqInit;
 709         final SnippetCounter instanceLoopInit;
 710         final SnippetCounter instanceBulkInit;
 711         final SnippetCounter arrayLoopInit;
 712         final SnippetCounter stub;
 713     }
 714 
 715     public static class Templates extends AbstractTemplates {
 716 
 717         private final SnippetInfo allocateInstance = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "allocateInstance", MARK_WORD_LOCATION, HUB_WRITE_LOCATION, TLAB_TOP_LOCATION, TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 718         private final SnippetInfo allocateInstancePIC = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "allocateInstancePIC", MARK_WORD_LOCATION, HUB_WRITE_LOCATION, TLAB_TOP_LOCATION,
 719                         TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 720         private final SnippetInfo allocateArray = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "allocateArray", MARK_WORD_LOCATION, HUB_WRITE_LOCATION, TLAB_TOP_LOCATION, TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 721         private final SnippetInfo allocateArrayPIC = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "allocateArrayPIC", MARK_WORD_LOCATION, HUB_WRITE_LOCATION, TLAB_TOP_LOCATION, TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 722         private final SnippetInfo allocatePrimitiveArrayPIC = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "allocatePrimitiveArrayPIC", MARK_WORD_LOCATION, HUB_WRITE_LOCATION, TLAB_TOP_LOCATION,
 723                         TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 724         private final SnippetInfo allocateArrayDynamic = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "allocateArrayDynamic", MARK_WORD_LOCATION, HUB_WRITE_LOCATION, TLAB_TOP_LOCATION,
 725                         TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 726         private final SnippetInfo allocateInstanceDynamic = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "allocateInstanceDynamic", MARK_WORD_LOCATION, HUB_WRITE_LOCATION, TLAB_TOP_LOCATION,
 727                         TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 728         private final SnippetInfo newmultiarray = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "newmultiarray", TLAB_TOP_LOCATION, TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 729         private final SnippetInfo newmultiarrayPIC = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "newmultiarrayPIC", TLAB_TOP_LOCATION, TLAB_END_LOCATION);
 730         private final SnippetInfo verifyHeap = snippet(NewObjectSnippets.class, "verifyHeap");
 731         private final GraalHotSpotVMConfig config;
 732         private final Counters counters;
 733 
 734         public Templates(OptionValues options, Iterable<DebugHandlersFactory> factories, SnippetCounter.Group.Factory factory, HotSpotProviders providers, TargetDescription target,
 735                         GraalHotSpotVMConfig config) {
 736             super(options, factories, providers, providers.getSnippetReflection(), target);
 737             this.config = config;
 738             counters = new Counters(factory);
 739         }
 740 
 741         /**
 742          * Lowers a {@link NewInstanceNode}.
 743          */
 744         public void lower(NewInstanceNode newInstanceNode, HotSpotRegistersProvider registers, LoweringTool tool) {
 745             StructuredGraph graph = newInstanceNode.graph();
 746             HotSpotResolvedObjectType type = (HotSpotResolvedObjectType) newInstanceNode.instanceClass();
 747             assert !type.isArray();
 748             ConstantNode hub = ConstantNode.forConstant(KlassPointerStamp.klassNonNull(), type.klass(), providers.getMetaAccess(), graph);
 749             long size = instanceSize(type);
 750 
 751             OptionValues localOptions = graph.getOptions();
 752             SnippetInfo snippet = GeneratePIC.getValue(localOptions) ? allocateInstancePIC : allocateInstance;
 753             Arguments args = new Arguments(snippet, graph.getGuardsStage(), tool.getLoweringStage());
 754             args.addConst("size", size);
 755             args.add("hub", hub);
 756             args.add("prototypeMarkWord", type.prototypeMarkWord());
 757             args.addConst("fillContents", newInstanceNode.fillContents());
 758             args.addConst("threadRegister", registers.getThreadRegister());
 759             args.addConst("constantSize", true);
 760             args.addConst("typeContext", ProfileAllocations.getValue(localOptions) ? type.toJavaName(false) : "");
 761             args.addConst("counters", counters);
 762 
 763             SnippetTemplate template = template(newInstanceNode, args);
 764             graph.getDebug().log("Lowering allocateInstance in %s: node=%s, template=%s, arguments=%s", graph, newInstanceNode, template, args);
 765             template.instantiate(providers.getMetaAccess(), newInstanceNode, DEFAULT_REPLACER, args);
 766         }
 767 
 768         /**
 769          * Lowers a {@link NewArrayNode}.
 770          */
 771         public void lower(NewArrayNode newArrayNode, HotSpotRegistersProvider registers, LoweringTool tool) {
 772             StructuredGraph graph = newArrayNode.graph();
 773             ResolvedJavaType elementType = newArrayNode.elementType();
 774             HotSpotResolvedObjectType arrayType = (HotSpotResolvedObjectType) elementType.getArrayClass();
 775             JavaKind elementKind = elementType.getJavaKind();
 776             ConstantNode hub = ConstantNode.forConstant(KlassPointerStamp.klassNonNull(), arrayType.klass(), providers.getMetaAccess(), graph);
 777             final int headerSize = tool.getMetaAccess().getArrayBaseOffset(elementKind);
 778             int log2ElementSize = CodeUtil.log2(tool.getMetaAccess().getArrayIndexScale(elementKind));
 779 
 780             OptionValues localOptions = graph.getOptions();
 781             SnippetInfo snippet;
 782             if (GeneratePIC.getValue(localOptions)) {
 783                 if (elementType.isPrimitive()) {
 784                     snippet = allocatePrimitiveArrayPIC;
 785                 } else {
 786                     snippet = allocateArrayPIC;
 787                 }
 788             } else {
 789                 snippet = allocateArray;
 790             }
 791 
 792             Arguments args = new Arguments(snippet, graph.getGuardsStage(), tool.getLoweringStage());
 793             args.add("hub", hub);
 794             ValueNode length = newArrayNode.length();
 795             args.add("length", length.isAlive() ? length : graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(length));
 796             assert arrayType.prototypeMarkWord() == lookupArrayClass(tool, JavaKind.Object).prototypeMarkWord() : "all array types are assumed to have the same prototypeMarkWord";
 797             args.add("prototypeMarkWord", arrayType.prototypeMarkWord());
 798             args.addConst("headerSize", headerSize);
 799             args.addConst("log2ElementSize", log2ElementSize);
 800             args.addConst("fillContents", newArrayNode.fillContents());
 801             args.addConst("threadRegister", registers.getThreadRegister());
 802             args.addConst("maybeUnroll", length.isConstant());
 803             args.addConst("typeContext", ProfileAllocations.getValue(localOptions) ? arrayType.toJavaName(false) : "");
 804             args.addConst("useBulkZeroing", tool.getLowerer().supportBulkZeroing());
 805             args.addConst("counters", counters);
 806             SnippetTemplate template = template(newArrayNode, args);
 807             graph.getDebug().log("Lowering allocateArray in %s: node=%s, template=%s, arguments=%s", graph, newArrayNode, template, args);
 808             template.instantiate(providers.getMetaAccess(), newArrayNode, DEFAULT_REPLACER, args);
 809         }
 810 
 811         public void lower(DynamicNewInstanceNode newInstanceNode, HotSpotRegistersProvider registers, LoweringTool tool) {
 812             Arguments args = new Arguments(allocateInstanceDynamic, newInstanceNode.graph().getGuardsStage(), tool.getLoweringStage());
 813             args.add("type", newInstanceNode.getInstanceType());
 814             ValueNode classClass = newInstanceNode.getClassClass();
 815             assert classClass != null;
 816             args.add("classClass", classClass);
 817             args.addConst("fillContents", newInstanceNode.fillContents());
 818             args.addConst("threadRegister", registers.getThreadRegister());
 819             args.addConst("counters", counters);
 820 
 821             SnippetTemplate template = template(newInstanceNode, args);
 822             template.instantiate(providers.getMetaAccess(), newInstanceNode, DEFAULT_REPLACER, args);
 823         }
 824 
 825         public void lower(DynamicNewArrayNode newArrayNode, HotSpotRegistersProvider registers, LoweringTool tool) {
 826             StructuredGraph graph = newArrayNode.graph();
 827             Arguments args = new Arguments(allocateArrayDynamic, graph.getGuardsStage(), tool.getLoweringStage());
 828             args.add("elementType", newArrayNode.getElementType());
 829             ValueNode voidClass = newArrayNode.getVoidClass();
 830             assert voidClass != null;
 831             args.add("voidClass", voidClass);
 832             ValueNode length = newArrayNode.length();
 833             args.add("length", length.isAlive() ? length : graph.addOrUniqueWithInputs(length));
 834             args.addConst("fillContents", newArrayNode.fillContents());
 835             args.addConst("threadRegister", registers.getThreadRegister());
 836             /*
 837              * We use Kind.Illegal as a marker value instead of null because constant snippet
 838              * parameters cannot be null.
 839              */
 840             args.addConst("knownElementKind", newArrayNode.getKnownElementKind() == null ? JavaKind.Illegal : newArrayNode.getKnownElementKind());
 841             if (newArrayNode.getKnownElementKind() != null) {
 842                 args.addConst("knownLayoutHelper", lookupArrayClass(tool, newArrayNode.getKnownElementKind()).layoutHelper());
 843             } else {
 844                 args.addConst("knownLayoutHelper", 0);
 845             }
 846             args.addConst("useBulkZeroing", tool.getLowerer().supportBulkZeroing());
 847             args.add("prototypeMarkWord", lookupArrayClass(tool, JavaKind.Object).prototypeMarkWord());
 848             args.addConst("counters", counters);
 849             SnippetTemplate template = template(newArrayNode, args);
 850             template.instantiate(providers.getMetaAccess(), newArrayNode, DEFAULT_REPLACER, args);
 851         }
 852 
 853         private static HotSpotResolvedObjectType lookupArrayClass(LoweringTool tool, JavaKind kind) {
 854             return (HotSpotResolvedObjectType) tool.getMetaAccess().lookupJavaType(kind == JavaKind.Object ? Object.class : kind.toJavaClass()).getArrayClass();
 855         }
 856 
 857         public void lower(NewMultiArrayNode newmultiarrayNode, LoweringTool tool) {
 858             StructuredGraph graph = newmultiarrayNode.graph();
 859             OptionValues localOptions = graph.getOptions();
 860             int rank = newmultiarrayNode.dimensionCount();
 861             ValueNode[] dims = new ValueNode[rank];
 862             for (int i = 0; i < newmultiarrayNode.dimensionCount(); i++) {
 863                 dims[i] = newmultiarrayNode.dimension(i);
 864             }
 865             HotSpotResolvedObjectType type = (HotSpotResolvedObjectType) newmultiarrayNode.type();
 866             ConstantNode hub = ConstantNode.forConstant(KlassPointerStamp.klassNonNull(), type.klass(), providers.getMetaAccess(), graph);
 867 
 868             SnippetInfo snippet = GeneratePIC.getValue(localOptions) ? newmultiarrayPIC : newmultiarray;
 869             Arguments args = new Arguments(snippet, graph.getGuardsStage(), tool.getLoweringStage());
 870             args.add("hub", hub);
 871             args.addConst("rank", rank);
 872             args.addVarargs("dimensions", int.class, StampFactory.forKind(JavaKind.Int), dims);
 873             template(newmultiarrayNode, args).instantiate(providers.getMetaAccess(), newmultiarrayNode, DEFAULT_REPLACER, args);
 874         }
 875 
 876         private static long instanceSize(HotSpotResolvedObjectType type) {
 877             long size = type.instanceSize();
 878             assert size >= 0;
 879             return size;
 880         }
 881 
 882         public void lower(VerifyHeapNode verifyHeapNode, HotSpotRegistersProvider registers, LoweringTool tool) {
 883             if (config.cAssertions) {
 884                 Arguments args = new Arguments(verifyHeap, verifyHeapNode.graph().getGuardsStage(), tool.getLoweringStage());
 885                 args.addConst("threadRegister", registers.getThreadRegister());
 886 
 887                 SnippetTemplate template = template(verifyHeapNode, args);
 888                 template.instantiate(providers.getMetaAccess(), verifyHeapNode, DEFAULT_REPLACER, args);
 889             } else {
 890                 GraphUtil.removeFixedWithUnusedInputs(verifyHeapNode);
 891             }
 892         }
 893     }
 894 }