1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2016, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  32 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  33 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  34 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  41 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  42 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  43 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  44 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  50 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  51 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  52 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  58 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  59 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  60 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  61 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/fprofiler.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  72 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  73 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  74 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  75 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  79 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  80 #include "gc/cms/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  81 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  82 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
  83 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  84 #include "gc/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  85 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  86 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  87 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  88 #endif
  89 
  90 // Known objects
  91 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  92 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  93 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  94 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
  95 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
  96 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  97 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  98 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  99 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 100 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 101 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
 102 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 103 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 104 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 105 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 108 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 110 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 111 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 112 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 113 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 114 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 115 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 116 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 117 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 118 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 119 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 120 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 121 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = NULL;
 122 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 123 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 124 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 125 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 126 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 127 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 128 oop Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message   = NULL;
 129 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 130 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 131 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 132 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 133 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 134 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 135 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 136 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 137 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj    = NULL;
 138 oop Universe::_reference_pending_list                 = NULL;
 139 
 140 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 141 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 142 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 143 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 144 
 145 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 146 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 147 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 148 
 149 // Heap
 150 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 151 
 152 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 153 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 154 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 155 
 156 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 157 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 158 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 159 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 160 
 161 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 162 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 163 
 164 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 165 
 166 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 167 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 168 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 169 
 170 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 171   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 172   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 173   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 174   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 175   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 176   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 177   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 178   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 179 }
 180 
 181 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 182 
 183   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 184   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 185   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 186   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 187   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 188   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 189   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 190   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 192 
 193   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 194     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 195   }
 196   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 197 
 198   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 199   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 200   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 201   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 202   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 203   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 204   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message);
 208   f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 209   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 210   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 211   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 212   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 213   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 214   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 215   f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
 216   f->do_oop((oop*)&_reference_pending_list);
 217   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 218 }
 219 
 220 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 221 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 222 
 223   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 224   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 225   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 226   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 227   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 228   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 229   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 230   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 231   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 232 
 233   {
 234     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 235       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 236         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 237         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 238       } else if (do_all) {
 239         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 240       }
 241     }
 242   }
 243 
 244   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 245   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 246   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 247   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 248   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 249   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 250   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 251   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 252   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 253   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 254 }
 255 
 256 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 257   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 258     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 259       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 260   }
 261 }
 262 
 263 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 264   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 265   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 266     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 267     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 268     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 269   } else {
 270     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 271   }
 272   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 273 }
 274 
 275 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 276   ResourceMark rm;
 277 
 278   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 279 
 280     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 281 
 282       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 283       compute_base_vtable_size();
 284 
 285       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 286         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 287         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 288         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 289         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 290         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 291         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 292         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 293         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 294 
 295         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 296         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 297         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 298         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 299         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 300         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 301         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 302         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 303 
 304         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 305 
 306         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 307         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 308         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 309         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 310         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 311       }
 312     }
 313 
 314     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 315 
 316     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 317 
 318     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 319 
 320     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 321     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 322 
 323     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 324       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 325       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 326              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 327       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 328              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 329       MetaspaceShared::fixup_shared_string_regions();
 330     } else {
 331       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 332       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 333       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 334     }
 335 
 336     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 337     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 338     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 339     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 340     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 341     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 342     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 343     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 344   } // end of core bootstrapping
 345 
 346   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 347   // during the bootstrapping.
 348 
 349   // OLD
 350   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 351   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 352   // ---
 353   // NEW
 354   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 355   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 356   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 357   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 358   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 359     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 360   // OLD
 361   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 362   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 363   // ---
 364   // New
 365   // Have already been initialized.
 366   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 367 
 368   #ifdef ASSERT
 369   if (FullGCALot) {
 370     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 371     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 372     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 373     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 374     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 375     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 376     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 377     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 378     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 379     int size;
 380     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 381       log_warning(gc)("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc will not force all objects to relocate");
 382       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 383     } else {
 384       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 385     }
 386     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 387     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 388     int i = 0;
 389     while (i < size) {
 390         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 391       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 392       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 393     }
 394     {
 395       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 396       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 397       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 398       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 399       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 400         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 401       }
 402     }
 403     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 404   }
 405   #endif
 406 
 407   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 408   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 409 
 410 }
 411 
 412 // CDS support for patching vtables in metadata in the shared archive.
 413 // All types inherited from Metadata have vtables, but not types inherited
 414 // from MetaspaceObj, because the latter does not have virtual functions.
 415 // If the metadata type has a vtable, it cannot be shared in the read-only
 416 // section of the CDS archive, because the vtable pointer is patched.
 417 static inline void add_vtable(void** list, int* n, void* o, int count) {
 418   guarantee((*n) < count, "vtable list too small");
 419   void* vtable = dereference_vptr(o);
 420   assert(*(void**)(vtable) != NULL, "invalid vtable");
 421   list[(*n)++] = vtable;
 422 }
 423 
 424 void Universe::init_self_patching_vtbl_list(void** list, int count) {
 425   int n = 0;
 426   { InstanceKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 427   { InstanceClassLoaderKlass o; add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 428   { InstanceMirrorKlass o;    add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 429   { InstanceRefKlass o;       add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 430   { TypeArrayKlass o;         add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 431   { ObjArrayKlass o;          add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 432   { Method o;                 add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 433   { ConstantPool o;           add_vtable(list, &n, &o, count); }
 434 }
 435 
 436 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 437     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 438     _int_mirror     =
 439       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 440     _float_mirror   =
 441       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 442     _double_mirror  =
 443       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 444     _byte_mirror    =
 445       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 446     _bool_mirror    =
 447       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 448     _char_mirror    =
 449       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 450     _long_mirror    =
 451       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 452     _short_mirror   =
 453       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 454     _void_mirror    =
 455       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 456 
 457     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 458     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 459     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 460     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 461     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 462     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 463     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 464     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 465     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 466   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 467   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 468 }
 469 
 470 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 471   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 472   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 473   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 474   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 475   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 476   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 477   // Cache the start of the static fields
 478   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 479 
 480   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 481   int list_length = list->length();
 482   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 483     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 484     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 485     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 486     KlassHandle kh(THREAD, k);
 487     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(kh, CATCH);
 488 }
 489   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 490   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 491 }
 492 
 493 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
 494   assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
 495 
 496 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
 497 
 498 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
 499   assert_pll_ownership();
 500   return _reference_pending_list;
 501 }
 502 
 503 void Universe::set_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 504   assert_pll_ownership();
 505   _reference_pending_list = list;
 506 }
 507 
 508 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
 509   assert_pll_ownership();
 510   return _reference_pending_list != NULL;
 511 }
 512 
 513 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 514   assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 515   return (oop)Atomic::xchg_ptr(list, &_reference_pending_list);
 516 }
 517 
 518 #undef assert_pll_locked
 519 #undef assert_pll_ownership
 520 
 521 
 522 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 523 
 524 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 525   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 526   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 527 
 528   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 529   log_trace(ref)("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 530   {
 531     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 532     KlassHandle finalizer_klass(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass());
 533     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 534     JavaCalls::call_static(
 535       &result,
 536       finalizer_klass,
 537       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 538       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 539       THREAD
 540     );
 541     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 542     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 543   }
 544 }
 545 
 546 
 547 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 548 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 549 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 550 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 551 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(KlassHandle k_h, TRAPS) {
 552   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 553   Klass* ko = k_h();
 554   klassVtable* vt = ko->vtable();
 555   if (vt) vt->initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 556   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 557     for (KlassHandle s_h(THREAD, ko->subklass());
 558          s_h() != NULL;
 559          s_h = KlassHandle(THREAD, s_h()->next_sibling())) {
 560       reinitialize_vtable_of(s_h, CHECK);
 561     }
 562   }
 563 }
 564 
 565 
 566 void initialize_itable_for_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 567   InstanceKlass::cast(k)->itable()->initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 568 }
 569 
 570 
 571 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 572   SystemDictionary::classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 573 
 574 }
 575 
 576 
 577 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 578   return ((uintptr_t) addr) % os::vm_page_size() == 0;
 579 }
 580 
 581 
 582 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 583   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 584   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 585   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 586   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 587   // to allocate the backtrace.
 588   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 589           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 590           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 591           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 592           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
 593           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
 594 }
 595 
 596 
 597 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 598   // generate an out of memory error:
 599   // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
 600   //   (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
 601   //   error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
 602   //   provided by the default error.
 603   // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
 604   int next;
 605   if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
 606       SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
 607     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 608     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 609   } else {
 610     next = -1;
 611   }
 612   if (next < 0) {
 613     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 614     // return default
 615     return default_err;
 616   } else {
 617     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 618     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 619     oop exc = preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next);
 620     assert(exc != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 621     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 622 
 623     // use the message from the default error
 624     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err);
 625     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 626     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc, msg);
 627 
 628     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 629     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 630     return exc;
 631   }
 632 }
 633 
 634 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 635 
 636 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 637   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 638   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 639   //
 640   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 641   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 642   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 643   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 644   //
 645   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 646   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 647 
 648   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 649     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 650   }
 651 
 652   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 653 }
 654 
 655 jint universe_init() {
 656   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 657   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 658          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 659   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 660   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 661             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 662 
 663   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 664 
 665   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 666 
 667   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 668   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 669     return status;
 670   }
 671 
 672   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 673 
 674   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 675   if (!CommandLineFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(CommandLineFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 676     return JNI_EINVAL;
 677   }
 678 
 679   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 680   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 681   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 682 
 683   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 684   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 685   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 686   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 687   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 688   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 689   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 690 
 691   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 692     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 693     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 694     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 695     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 696     // currently mapped regions.
 697     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 698     StringTable::create_table();
 699   } else {
 700     SymbolTable::create_table();
 701     StringTable::create_table();
 702 
 703     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 704       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 705     }
 706   }
 707   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 708     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 709   }
 710 
 711   return JNI_OK;
 712 }
 713 
 714 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 715   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 716 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 717   if (UseParallelGC) {
 718     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 719   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 720     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in this VM.");
 721   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 722     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 723 #else
 724   if (UseParallelGC) {
 725     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<ParallelScavengeHeap, GenerationSizer>();
 726   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 727     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<G1CollectedHeap, G1CollectorPolicy>();
 728   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 729     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy>();
 730 #endif
 731   } else if (UseSerialGC) {
 732     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, MarkSweepPolicy>();
 733   }
 734 
 735   ShouldNotReachHere();
 736   return NULL;
 737 }
 738 
 739 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 740 // when compressed oops are used:
 741 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 742 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 743 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 744 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 745 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 746 
 747 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 748   jint status = JNI_ERR;
 749 
 750   _collectedHeap = create_heap_ext();
 751   if (_collectedHeap == NULL) {
 752     _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 753   }
 754 
 755   status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 756   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 757     return status;
 758   }
 759   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 760 
 761   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 762 
 763 #ifdef _LP64
 764   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 765     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 766     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 767     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 768     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 769     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 770     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 771     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 772       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 773       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 774     }
 775     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 776       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 777       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 778     }
 779 
 780     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 781 
 782     if (log_is_enabled(Info, gc, heap, coops)) {
 783       ResourceMark rm;
 784       outputStream* logst = Log(gc, heap, coops)::info_stream();
 785       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(logst);
 786     }
 787 
 788     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 789     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 790                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 791                                                    false));
 792   }
 793   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 794   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 795          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 796          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 797   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 798          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 799 #endif
 800 
 801   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 802   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 803 
 804   if (UseTLAB) {
 805     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 806            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 807     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 808   }
 809   return JNI_OK;
 810 }
 811 
 812 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 813   st->print("Heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 814             p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 815 
 816   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 817 
 818   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 819     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 820   }
 821 
 822   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 823     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 824   }
 825 
 826   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 827     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 828   }
 829   st->cr();
 830 }
 831 
 832 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 833 
 834   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 835          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 836          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 837 
 838   size_t total_reserved = align_size_up(heap_size, alignment);
 839   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 840       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 841 
 842   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_size_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 843   assert(!UseLargePages
 844       || UseParallelGC
 845       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 846 
 847   // Now create the space.
 848   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages);
 849 
 850   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 851     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 852            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 853     // We are good.
 854 
 855     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 856       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 857       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 858       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 859       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 860     }
 861 
 862     return total_rs;
 863   }
 864 
 865   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 866     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 867             total_reserved/K));
 868 
 869   // satisfy compiler
 870   ShouldNotReachHere();
 871   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 872 }
 873 
 874 
 875 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 876 // (if required).
 877 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 878   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 879   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 880 }
 881 
 882 
 883 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 884   switch (mode) {
 885     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 886       return "32-bit";
 887     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 888       return "Zero based";
 889     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 890       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 891     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 892       return "Non-zero based";
 893   }
 894 
 895   ShouldNotReachHere();
 896   return "";
 897 }
 898 
 899 
 900 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 901   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 902     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 903   }
 904 
 905   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 906     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 907   }
 908 
 909   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 910     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 911   }
 912 
 913   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 914 }
 915 
 916 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 917                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 918                              const char* method,
 919                              Symbol* signature,
 920                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 921 {
 922   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method, CHECK);
 923   Method* m = NULL;
 924   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 925   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 926       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == NULL) ||
 927       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 928     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 929     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 930     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 931     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 932                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 933   }
 934   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 935 }
 936 
 937 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 938   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 939   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 940                           SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(),
 941                           "register",
 942                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 943 
 944   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 945                           SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 946                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 947                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 948 
 949   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 950   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 951                           SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(),
 952                           "addClass",
 953                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 954 
 955   // Set up method for checking protection domain
 956   initialize_known_method(_pd_implies_cache,
 957                           SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),
 958                           "impliesCreateAccessControlContext",
 959                           vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(), false, CHECK);
 960 
 961   // Set up method for stack walking
 962   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 963                           SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 964                           "doStackWalk",
 965                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
 966 }
 967 
 968 void universe2_init() {
 969   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 970   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 971 }
 972 
 973 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
 974 void universe_post_module_init() {
 975   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
 976 }
 977 
 978 bool universe_post_init() {
 979   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 980   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 981   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 982   { ResourceMark rm;
 983     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 984     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 985       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 986       KlassHandle ok_h(THREAD, SystemDictionary::Object_klass());
 987       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok_h, CHECK_false);
 988       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
 989     }
 990   }
 991 
 992   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 993   Klass* k;
 994   instanceKlassHandle k_h;
 995   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
 996   Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
 997 
 998   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
 999   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
1000   k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
1001   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1002   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1003   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1004   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1005   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
1006     k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1007   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1008 
1009   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
1010   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
1011     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message =
1012       java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
1013   }
1014 
1015   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
1016   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1017   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
1018   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1019   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
1020   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1021   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
1022   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1023   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1024   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1025     vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1026   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1027   if (!linked) {
1028     tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1029     return false; // initialization failed
1030   }
1031   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1032     InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1033 
1034   Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1035 
1036   if (!DumpSharedSpaces) {
1037     // These are the only Java fields that are currently set during shared space dumping.
1038     // We prefer to not handle this generally, so we always reinitialize these detail messages.
1039     Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1040     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1041 
1042     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1043     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1044     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1045     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1046 
1047     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1048     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1049 
1050     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1051     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1052 
1053     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1054     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1055 
1056     msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1057     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1058 
1059     // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1060     k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1061     assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1062     k_h = instanceKlassHandle(THREAD, k);
1063 
1064     int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1065     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(k_h(), len, CHECK_false);
1066     for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1067       oop err = k_h->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1068       Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1069       java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1070       Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1071     }
1072     Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1073   }
1074 
1075   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1076 
1077   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1078   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1079   {
1080     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1081     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1082   }
1083 
1084   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1085   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1086 
1087   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1088   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1089   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1090 
1091   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1092 
1093   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1094 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1095   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1096 #endif
1097   return true;
1098 }
1099 
1100 
1101 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1102   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1103 }
1104 
1105 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1106   GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1107   st->print_cr("Heap");
1108   heap()->print_on(st);
1109 }
1110 
1111 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1112   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1113     print_on(tty);
1114     tty->cr();
1115     tty->flush();
1116   }
1117 }
1118 
1119 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc() {
1120   Log(gc, heap) log;
1121   if (log.is_debug()) {
1122     log.debug("Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1123     ResourceMark rm;
1124     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1125   }
1126 }
1127 
1128 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc() {
1129   Log(gc, heap) log;
1130   if (log.is_debug()) {
1131     log.debug("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1132     ResourceMark rm;
1133     heap()->print_on(log.debug_stream());
1134   }
1135 }
1136 
1137 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1138   verify_flags = 0;
1139   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1140 
1141   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1142   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1143   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1144 
1145   char* token = strtok(subset_list, delimiter);
1146   while (token != NULL) {
1147     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1148       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1149     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1150       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1151     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1152       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1153     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1154       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1155     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1156       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1157     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1158       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1159     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1160       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1161     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1162       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceAux;
1163     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1164       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1165     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1166       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1167     } else {
1168       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1169     }
1170     token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
1171   }
1172   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1173 }
1174 
1175 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1176   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1177     return true;
1178   }
1179   return false;
1180 }
1181 
1182 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1183   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1184   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1185   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1186   // straight forward.
1187   _verify_in_progress = true;
1188 
1189   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1190     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1191          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1192          "(of thread stacks below)");
1193   )
1194 
1195   ResourceMark rm;
1196   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1197   _verify_count++;
1198 
1199   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1200   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1201   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1202     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1203     Threads::verify();
1204   }
1205   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1206     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1207     heap()->verify(option);
1208   }
1209   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1210     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1211     SymbolTable::verify();
1212   }
1213   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1214     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1215     StringTable::verify();
1216   }
1217   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1218   {
1219     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1220     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1221     CodeCache::verify();
1222   }
1223   }
1224   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1225     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1226     SystemDictionary::verify();
1227   }
1228 #ifndef PRODUCT
1229   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1230     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1231     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1232   }
1233 #endif
1234   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceAux)) {
1235     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceAux");
1236     MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1237   }
1238   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1239     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1240     JNIHandles::verify();
1241   }
1242   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1243     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1244     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1245   }
1246 
1247   _verify_in_progress = false;
1248 }
1249 
1250 
1251 #ifndef PRODUCT
1252 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1253   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1254 
1255   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1256   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1257   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1258 
1259   // make an inclusive limit:
1260   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1261   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1262   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1263   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1264 
1265   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1266   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1267   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1268     mask <<= 1;
1269   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1270   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1271   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1272   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1273 
1274   // require address alignment, too:
1275   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1276 
1277   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1278     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1279   }
1280   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1281   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1282 }
1283 
1284 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1285 
1286 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1287   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1288   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1289   return _verify_oop_mask;
1290 }
1291 
1292 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1293   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1294   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1295   return _verify_oop_bits;
1296 }
1297 
1298 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1299   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1300 }
1301 
1302 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1303   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1304   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1305   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1306   return bits;
1307 }
1308 #endif // PRODUCT
1309 
1310 
1311 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1312   verify_oop_mask();
1313   verify_oop_bits();
1314   verify_mark_mask();
1315   verify_mark_bits();
1316 }
1317 
1318 
1319 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1320   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1321     _klass = k;
1322   }
1323 #ifndef PRODUCT
1324   else {
1325     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1326     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1327   }
1328 #endif
1329 
1330   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1331   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1332 }
1333 
1334 
1335 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1336   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1337   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1338   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1339   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1340   return m;
1341 }
1342 
1343 
1344 #ifdef ASSERT
1345 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1346 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1347   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1348   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1349     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1350       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1351       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1352       return false;
1353     }
1354     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1355       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1356       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1357     }
1358     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1359     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1360   }
1361   return true;
1362 }
1363 
1364 #endif // ASSERT