1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "aot/aotLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  34 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/cardTableModRefBS.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.inline.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/genCollectedHeap.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  42 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  43 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  44 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  45 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  50 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  51 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  52 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  53 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  54 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  61 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
  62 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  63 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  75 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  76 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  77 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  79 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  80 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
  81 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  82 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  83 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  84 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  85 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  86 #include "gc/cms/cmsCollectorPolicy.hpp"
  87 #include "gc/cms/cmsHeap.hpp"
  88 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  89 #include "gc/g1/g1CollectorPolicy.hpp"
  90 #include "gc/parallel/parallelScavengeHeap.hpp"
  91 #include "gc/shared/adaptiveSizePolicy.hpp"
  92 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  93 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  94 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  95 #endif
  96 
  97 // Known objects
  98 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  99 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
 100 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
 101 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
 102 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
 103 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
 104 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 105 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 106 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 107 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 108 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 110 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 111 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 112 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 114 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 115 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 116 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 117 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 118 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 119 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 120 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 121 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 122 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 123 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 124 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 125 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 126 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 127 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 128 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = NULL;
 129 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 130 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 131 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 132 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 133 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 134 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 135 oop Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message   = NULL;
 136 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 137 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 138 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 139 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 140 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 141 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 142 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 143 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 144 oop Universe::_allocation_context_notification_obj    = NULL;
 145 oop Universe::_reference_pending_list                 = NULL;
 146 
 147 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 148 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 149 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 150 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 151 
 152 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 153 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 154 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 155 
 156 // Heap
 157 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 158 
 159 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 160 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 161 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 162 
 163 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 164 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 165 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 166 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 167 
 168 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 169 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 170 
 171 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 172 
 173 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 174 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 175 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 176 
 177 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 178   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 179   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 180   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 181   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 182   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 183   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 184   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 185   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 186 }
 187 
 188 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 189 
 190   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 192   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 193   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 194   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 195   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 196   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 197   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 198   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 199 
 200   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 201     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 202   }
 203   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 204 
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 208   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 209   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 210   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 211   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 212   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 213   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 214   f->do_oop((oop*)&_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message);
 215   f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 216   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 217   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 218   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 219   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 220   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 221   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 222   f->do_oop((oop*)&_allocation_context_notification_obj);
 223   f->do_oop((oop*)&_reference_pending_list);
 224   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 225 }
 226 
 227 void LatestMethodCache::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 228   it->push(&_klass);
 229 }
 230 
 231 void Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 232   it->push(&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 233   it->push(&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 234   it->push(&_charArrayKlassObj);
 235   it->push(&_intArrayKlassObj);
 236   it->push(&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 237   it->push(&_longArrayKlassObj);
 238   it->push(&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 239   it->push(&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 240   for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 241     it->push(&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 242   }
 243   it->push(&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 244 
 245   it->push(&_the_empty_int_array);
 246   it->push(&_the_empty_short_array);
 247   it->push(&_the_empty_klass_array);
 248   it->push(&_the_empty_method_array);
 249   it->push(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 250 
 251   _finalizer_register_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 252   _loader_addClass_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 253   _pd_implies_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 254   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 255   _do_stack_walk_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 256 }
 257 
 258 // Serialize metadata in and out of CDS archive, not oops.
 259 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 260 
 261   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 262   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 263   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 264   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 265   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 266   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 267   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 268   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 269   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 270 
 271   {
 272     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 273       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 274         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 275         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 276       } else if (do_all) {
 277         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 278       }
 279     }
 280   }
 281 
 282   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 283   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 284   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 285   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 286   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 287   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 288   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 289   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 290   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 291   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 292 }
 293 
 294 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 295   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 296     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 297       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 298   }
 299 }
 300 
 301 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 302   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 303 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 304   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 305     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 306     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 307     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 308   } else
 309 #endif
 310   {
 311     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 312   }
 313   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 314 }
 315 
 316 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 317   ResourceMark rm;
 318 
 319   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 320 
 321     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 322 
 323       java_lang_Class::allocate_fixup_lists();
 324 
 325       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 326       compute_base_vtable_size();
 327 
 328       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 329         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 330         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 331         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 332         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 333         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 334         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 335         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 336         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 337 
 338         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 339         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 340         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 341         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 342         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 343         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 344         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 345         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 346 
 347         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 348 
 349         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 350         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 351         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 352         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 353         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 354       }
 355     }
 356 
 357     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 358 
 359     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 360 
 361     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 362 
 363     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 364     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 365 
 366 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 367     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 368       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 369       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 370              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 371       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 372              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 373       MetaspaceShared::fixup_mapped_heap_regions();
 374     } else
 375 #endif
 376     {
 377       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 378       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 379       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 380     }
 381 
 382     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 383     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 384     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 385     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 386     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 387     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 388     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 389     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 390   } // end of core bootstrapping
 391 
 392   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 393   // during the bootstrapping.
 394 
 395   // OLD
 396   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 397   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 398   // ---
 399   // NEW
 400   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 401   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 402   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 403   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 404   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 405     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 406   // OLD
 407   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 408   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 409   // ---
 410   // New
 411   // Have already been initialized.
 412   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 413 
 414   #ifdef ASSERT
 415   if (FullGCALot) {
 416     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 417     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 418     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 419     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 420     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 421     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 422     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 423     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 424     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 425     int size;
 426     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 427       log_warning(gc)("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc will not force all objects to relocate");
 428       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 429     } else {
 430       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 431     }
 432     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 433     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 434     int i = 0;
 435     while (i < size) {
 436         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 437       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 438       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 439     }
 440     {
 441       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 442       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 443       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 444       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 445       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 446         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 447       }
 448     }
 449     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 450   }
 451   #endif
 452 
 453   // Initialize dependency array for null class loader
 454   ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data()->init_dependencies(CHECK);
 455 
 456 }
 457 
 458 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 459     assert(_int_mirror==NULL, "basic type mirrors already initialized");
 460     _int_mirror     =
 461       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 462     _float_mirror   =
 463       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 464     _double_mirror  =
 465       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 466     _byte_mirror    =
 467       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 468     _bool_mirror    =
 469       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 470     _char_mirror    =
 471       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 472     _long_mirror    =
 473       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 474     _short_mirror   =
 475       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 476     _void_mirror    =
 477       java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 478 
 479     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 480     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 481     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 482     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 483     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 484     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 485     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 486     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 487     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 488   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 489   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 490 }
 491 
 492 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 493   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 494   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 495   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 496   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 497   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 498   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 499   // Cache the start of the static fields
 500   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 501 
 502   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 503   int list_length = list->length();
 504   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 505     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 506     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 507     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 508     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
 509   }
 510   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 511   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 512 }
 513 
 514 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
 515   assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
 516 
 517 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
 518 
 519 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
 520   if (Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()) {
 521     assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 522   } else {
 523     assert_pll_ownership();
 524   }
 525   return _reference_pending_list;
 526 }
 527 
 528 void Universe::set_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 529   assert_pll_ownership();
 530   _reference_pending_list = list;
 531 }
 532 
 533 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
 534   assert_pll_ownership();
 535   return _reference_pending_list != NULL;
 536 }
 537 
 538 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 539   assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 540   return Atomic::xchg(list, &_reference_pending_list);
 541 }
 542 
 543 #undef assert_pll_locked
 544 #undef assert_pll_ownership
 545 
 546 
 547 static bool has_run_finalizers_on_exit = false;
 548 
 549 void Universe::run_finalizers_on_exit() {
 550   if (has_run_finalizers_on_exit) return;
 551   has_run_finalizers_on_exit = true;
 552 
 553   // Called on VM exit. This ought to be run in a separate thread.
 554   log_trace(ref)("Callback to run finalizers on exit");
 555   {
 556     PRESERVE_EXCEPTION_MARK;
 557     Klass* finalizer_klass = SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass();
 558     JavaValue result(T_VOID);
 559     JavaCalls::call_static(
 560       &result,
 561       finalizer_klass,
 562       vmSymbols::run_finalizers_on_exit_name(),
 563       vmSymbols::void_method_signature(),
 564       THREAD
 565     );
 566     // Ignore any pending exceptions
 567     CLEAR_PENDING_EXCEPTION;
 568   }
 569 }
 570 
 571 
 572 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 573 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 574 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 575 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 576 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(Klass* ko, TRAPS) {
 577   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 578   ko->vtable().initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 579   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 580     for (Klass* sk = ko->subklass();
 581          sk != NULL;
 582          sk = sk->next_sibling()) {
 583       reinitialize_vtable_of(sk, CHECK);
 584     }
 585   }
 586 }
 587 
 588 
 589 void initialize_itable_for_klass(InstanceKlass* k, TRAPS) {
 590   k->itable().initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 591 }
 592 
 593 
 594 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 595   ClassLoaderDataGraph::dictionary_classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 596 }
 597 
 598 
 599 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 600   return is_aligned(addr, os::vm_page_size());
 601 }
 602 
 603 
 604 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 605   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 606   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 607   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 608   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 609   // to allocate the backtrace.
 610   return ((throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap) &&
 611           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace)  &&
 612           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace)  &&
 613           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size) &&
 614           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit) &&
 615           (throwable() != Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects));
 616 }
 617 
 618 
 619 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 620   // generate an out of memory error:
 621   // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
 622   //   (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
 623   //   error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
 624   //   provided by the default error.
 625   // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
 626   int next;
 627   if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
 628       SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
 629     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 630     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 631   } else {
 632     next = -1;
 633   }
 634   if (next < 0) {
 635     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 636     // return default
 637     return default_err;
 638   } else {
 639     Thread* THREAD = Thread::current();
 640     Handle default_err_h(THREAD, default_err);
 641     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 642     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 643     Handle exc(THREAD, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
 644     assert(exc() != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 645     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 646 
 647     // use the message from the default error
 648     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
 649     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 650     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
 651 
 652     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 653     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 654     return exc();
 655   }
 656 }
 657 
 658 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 659 
 660 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 661   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 662   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 663   //
 664   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 665   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 666   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 667   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 668   //
 669   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 670   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 671 
 672   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 673     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 674   }
 675 
 676   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 677 }
 678 
 679 jint universe_init() {
 680   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 681   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 682          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 683   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 684   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 685             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 686 
 687   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 688 
 689   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 690 
 691   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 692   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 693     return status;
 694   }
 695 
 696   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 697 
 698   AOTLoader::universe_init();
 699 
 700   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 701   if (!CommandLineFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(CommandLineFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 702     return JNI_EINVAL;
 703   }
 704 
 705   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 706   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 707   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 708 
 709   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 710   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 711   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 712   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 713   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 714   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 715   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 716 
 717 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 718   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 719     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 720     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 721     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 722     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 723     // currently mapped regions.
 724     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 725     StringTable::create_table();
 726   } else
 727 #endif
 728   {
 729     SymbolTable::create_table();
 730     StringTable::create_table();
 731 
 732 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 733     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 734       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 735     }
 736 #endif
 737   }
 738   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 739     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 740   }
 741 
 742   ResolvedMethodTable::create_table();
 743 
 744   return JNI_OK;
 745 }
 746 
 747 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 748   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 749 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
 750   if (UseParallelGC) {
 751     fatal("UseParallelGC not supported in this VM.");
 752   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 753     fatal("UseG1GC not supported in this VM.");
 754   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 755     fatal("UseConcMarkSweepGC not supported in this VM.");
 756 #else
 757   if (UseParallelGC) {
 758     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<ParallelScavengeHeap, GenerationSizer>();
 759   } else if (UseG1GC) {
 760     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<G1CollectedHeap, G1CollectorPolicy>();
 761   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 762     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<CMSHeap, ConcurrentMarkSweepPolicy>();
 763 #endif
 764   } else if (UseSerialGC) {
 765     return Universe::create_heap_with_policy<GenCollectedHeap, MarkSweepPolicy>();
 766   }
 767 
 768   ShouldNotReachHere();
 769   return NULL;
 770 }
 771 
 772 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 773 // when compressed oops are used:
 774 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 775 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 776 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 777 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 778 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 779 
 780 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 781   jint status = JNI_ERR;
 782 
 783   _collectedHeap = create_heap_ext();
 784   if (_collectedHeap == NULL) {
 785     _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 786   }
 787 
 788   status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 789   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 790     return status;
 791   }
 792   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 793 
 794   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 795 
 796 #ifdef _LP64
 797   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 798     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 799     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 800     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 801     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 802     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 803     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 804     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 805       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 806       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 807     }
 808     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 809       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 810       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 811     }
 812 
 813     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 814 
 815     LogTarget(Info, gc, heap, coops) lt;
 816     if (lt.is_enabled()) {
 817       ResourceMark rm;
 818       LogStream ls(lt);
 819       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(&ls);
 820     }
 821 
 822     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 823     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 824                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 825                                                    false));
 826   }
 827   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 828   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 829          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 830          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 831   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 832          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 833 #endif
 834 
 835   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 836   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 837 
 838   if (UseTLAB) {
 839     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 840            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 841     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 842   }
 843   return JNI_OK;
 844 }
 845 
 846 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 847   st->print("Heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 848             p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 849 
 850   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 851 
 852   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 853     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 854   }
 855 
 856   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 857     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 858   }
 859 
 860   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 861     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 862   }
 863   st->cr();
 864 }
 865 
 866 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 867 
 868   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 869          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 870          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 871 
 872   size_t total_reserved = align_up(heap_size, alignment);
 873   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 874       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 875 
 876   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 877   assert(!UseLargePages
 878       || UseParallelGC
 879       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 880 
 881   // Now create the space.
 882   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages);
 883 
 884   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 885     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 886            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 887     // We are good.
 888 
 889     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 890       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 891       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 892       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 893       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 894     }
 895 
 896     return total_rs;
 897   }
 898 
 899   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 900     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 901             total_reserved/K));
 902 
 903   // satisfy compiler
 904   ShouldNotReachHere();
 905   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 906 }
 907 
 908 
 909 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 910 // (if required).
 911 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 912   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 913   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 914 }
 915 
 916 
 917 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 918   switch (mode) {
 919     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 920       return "32-bit";
 921     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 922       return "Zero based";
 923     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 924       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 925     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 926       return "Non-zero based";
 927     default:
 928       ShouldNotReachHere();
 929       return "";
 930   }
 931 }
 932 
 933 
 934 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 935   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 936     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 937   }
 938 
 939   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 940     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 941   }
 942 
 943   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 944     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 945   }
 946 
 947   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 948 }
 949 
 950 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 951                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 952                              const char* method,
 953                              Symbol* signature,
 954                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 955 {
 956   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method, CHECK);
 957   Method* m = NULL;
 958   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 959   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 960       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == NULL) ||
 961       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 962     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 963     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 964     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 965     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 966                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 967   }
 968   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 969 }
 970 
 971 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 972   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 973   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 974                           SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(),
 975                           "register",
 976                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 977 
 978   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 979                           SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 980                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 981                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 982 
 983   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 984   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 985                           SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(),
 986                           "addClass",
 987                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 988 
 989   // Set up method for checking protection domain
 990   initialize_known_method(_pd_implies_cache,
 991                           SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),
 992                           "impliesCreateAccessControlContext",
 993                           vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(), false, CHECK);
 994 
 995   // Set up method for stack walking
 996   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 997                           SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 998                           "doStackWalk",
 999                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
1000 }
1001 
1002 void universe2_init() {
1003   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1004   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
1005 }
1006 
1007 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
1008 void universe_post_module_init() {
1009   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
1010 }
1011 
1012 bool universe_post_init() {
1013   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
1014   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
1015   EXCEPTION_MARK;
1016   { ResourceMark rm;
1017     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
1018     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1019       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1020       Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
1021       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok, CHECK_false);
1022       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
1023     }
1024   }
1025 
1026   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1027   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
1028   Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
1029 
1030   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
1031   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
1032   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1033   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1034   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1035   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1036   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1037   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
1038     ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1039   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1040 
1041   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
1042   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
1043     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message =
1044       java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
1045   }
1046 
1047   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
1048   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1049   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
1050   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1051   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
1052   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1053   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
1054   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1055   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1056   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1057     vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1058   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1059   if (!linked) {
1060      tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1061      return false; // initialization failed
1062   }
1063   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1064     InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1065 
1066   Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1067 
1068   Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1069   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1070 
1071   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1072   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1073   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1074   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1075 
1076   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1077   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1078 
1079   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1080   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1081 
1082   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1083   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1084 
1085   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1086   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1087 
1088   // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1089   k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1090   assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1091   ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1092 
1093   int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1094   Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK_false);
1095   for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1096     oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1097     Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1098     java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1099     Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1100   }
1101   Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1102 
1103   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1104 
1105   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1106   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1107   {
1108     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1109     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1110   }
1111 
1112   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1113   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1114 
1115   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
1116   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1117   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
1118 
1119   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1120 
1121   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1122 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1123   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1124 #endif
1125   return true;
1126 }
1127 
1128 
1129 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1130   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1131 }
1132 
1133 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1134   GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1135   st->print_cr("Heap");
1136   heap()->print_on(st);
1137 }
1138 
1139 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1140   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1141     print_on(tty);
1142     tty->cr();
1143     tty->flush();
1144   }
1145 }
1146 
1147 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc() {
1148   LogTarget(Debug, gc, heap) lt;
1149   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1150     LogStream ls(lt);
1151     ls.print("Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1152     ResourceMark rm;
1153     heap()->print_on(&ls);
1154   }
1155 }
1156 
1157 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc() {
1158   LogTarget(Debug, gc, heap) lt;
1159   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1160     LogStream ls(lt);
1161     ls.print("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1162     ResourceMark rm;
1163     heap()->print_on(&ls);
1164   }
1165 }
1166 
1167 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1168   verify_flags = 0;
1169   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1170 
1171   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1172   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1173   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1174 
1175   char* token = strtok(subset_list, delimiter);
1176   while (token != NULL) {
1177     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1178       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1179     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1180       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1181     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1182       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1183     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1184       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1185     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1186       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1187     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1188       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1189     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1190       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1191     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1192       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceAux;
1193     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1194       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1195     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1196       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1197     } else {
1198       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1199     }
1200     token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
1201   }
1202   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1203 }
1204 
1205 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1206   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1207     return true;
1208   }
1209   return false;
1210 }
1211 
1212 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1213   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1214   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1215   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1216   // straight forward.
1217   _verify_in_progress = true;
1218 
1219   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1220     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1221          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1222          "(of thread stacks below)");
1223   )
1224 
1225   ResourceMark rm;
1226   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1227   _verify_count++;
1228 
1229   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1230   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1231   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1232     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1233     Threads::verify();
1234   }
1235   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1236     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1237     heap()->verify(option);
1238   }
1239   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1240     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1241     SymbolTable::verify();
1242   }
1243   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1244     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1245     StringTable::verify();
1246   }
1247   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1248   {
1249     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1250     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1251     CodeCache::verify();
1252   }
1253   }
1254   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1255     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1256     SystemDictionary::verify();
1257   }
1258 #ifndef PRODUCT
1259   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1260     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1261     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1262   }
1263 #endif
1264   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceAux)) {
1265     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceAux");
1266     MetaspaceAux::verify_free_chunks();
1267   }
1268   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1269     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1270     JNIHandles::verify();
1271   }
1272   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1273     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1274     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1275   }
1276 
1277   _verify_in_progress = false;
1278 }
1279 
1280 
1281 #ifndef PRODUCT
1282 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1283   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1284 
1285   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1286   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1287   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1288 
1289   // make an inclusive limit:
1290   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1291   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1292   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1293   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1294 
1295   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1296   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1297   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1298     mask <<= 1;
1299   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1300   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1301   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1302   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1303 
1304   // require address alignment, too:
1305   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1306 
1307   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1308     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1309   }
1310   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1311   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1312 }
1313 
1314 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1315 
1316 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1317   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1318   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1319   return _verify_oop_mask;
1320 }
1321 
1322 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1323   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1324   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1325   return _verify_oop_bits;
1326 }
1327 
1328 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1329   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1330 }
1331 
1332 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1333   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1334   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1335   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1336   return bits;
1337 }
1338 #endif // PRODUCT
1339 
1340 
1341 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1342   verify_oop_mask();
1343   verify_oop_bits();
1344   verify_mark_mask();
1345   verify_mark_bits();
1346 }
1347 
1348 
1349 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1350   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1351     _klass = k;
1352   }
1353 #ifndef PRODUCT
1354   else {
1355     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1356     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1357   }
1358 #endif
1359 
1360   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1361   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1362 }
1363 
1364 
1365 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1366   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1367   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1368   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1369   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1370   return m;
1371 }
1372 
1373 
1374 #ifdef ASSERT
1375 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1376 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1377   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1378   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1379     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1380       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1381       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1382       return false;
1383     }
1384     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1385       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1386       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1387     }
1388     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1389     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1390   }
1391   return true;
1392 }
1393 
1394 #endif // ASSERT