1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/symbolTable.hpp"
  28 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
  29 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  30 #include "memory/cardTableRS.hpp"
  31 #include "memory/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  32 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  34 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  35 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  36 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  37 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  38 #include "services/management.hpp"
  39 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  40 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  41 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  42 #include "utilities/taskqueue.hpp"
  43 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux
  44 # include "os_linux.inline.hpp"
  45 #endif
  46 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris
  47 # include "os_solaris.inline.hpp"
  48 #endif
  49 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows
  50 # include "os_windows.inline.hpp"
  51 #endif
  52 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd
  53 # include "os_bsd.inline.hpp"
  54 #endif
  55 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  56 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
  57 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
  58 
  59 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  60 #define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  61 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  62 
  63 char**  Arguments::_jvm_flags_array             = NULL;
  64 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_flags               = 0;
  65 char**  Arguments::_jvm_args_array              = NULL;
  66 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_args                = 0;
  67 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  68 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  69 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  70 bool   Arguments::_has_profile                  = false;
  71 bool   Arguments::_has_alloc_profile            = false;
  72 uintx  Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
  73 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  74 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
  75 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
  76 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
  77 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  78 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
  79 bool   Arguments::_created_by_gamma_launcher    = false;
  80 
  81 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args(JavaVMInitArgs*)
  82 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
  83 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
  84 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
  85 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
  86 
  87 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
  88 
  89 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
  90 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
  91 
  92 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
  93 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
  94 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
  95 
  96 
  97 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_ext_dirs = NULL;
  98 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_endorsed_dirs = NULL;
  99 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
 100 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
 101 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 102 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 103 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_class_path = NULL;
 104 
 105 char* Arguments::_meta_index_path = NULL;
 106 char* Arguments::_meta_index_dir = NULL;
 107 
 108 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' remaining part of option string
 109 
 110 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 111                          const char** tail) {
 112   int len = (int)strlen(name);
 113   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 114     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 115     return true;
 116   } else {
 117     return false;
 118   }
 119 }
 120 
 121 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 122   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 123     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 124   }
 125 }
 126 
 127 // Process java launcher properties.
 128 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 129   // See if sun.java.launcher or sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 130   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 131   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 132   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 133     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 134     const char* tail;
 135 
 136     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 137       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 138       continue;
 139     }
 140     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 141       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 142       continue;
 143     }
 144   }
 145 }
 146 
 147 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 148 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 149 
 150   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 151                                                                  "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 152   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 153   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 154   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 155 
 156   // following are JVMTI agent writeable properties.
 157   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 158   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 159   _java_ext_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.ext.dirs", NULL,  true);
 160   _java_endorsed_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.endorsed.dirs", NULL,  true);
 161   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 162   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 163   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 164   _sun_boot_class_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.class.path", NULL,  true);
 165 
 166   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 167 
 168   // Add to System Property list.
 169   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_ext_dirs);
 170   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_endorsed_dirs);
 171   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 172   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 173   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 174   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 175   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_class_path);
 176 
 177   // Set OS specific system properties values
 178   os::init_system_properties_values();
 179 }
 180 
 181 
 182   // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 183 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 184   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 185   char buffer[bufsz];
 186   const char* spec_vendor = "Sun Microsystems Inc.";
 187   uint32_t spec_version = 0;
 188 
 189   if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
 190     spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 191     spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 192   }
 193   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, "1." UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 194 
 195   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 196       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 197   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 198       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 199   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 200       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 201 }
 202 
 203 /**
 204  * Provide a slightly more user-friendly way of eliminating -XX flags.
 205  * When a flag is eliminated, it can be added to this list in order to
 206  * continue accepting this flag on the command-line, while issuing a warning
 207  * and ignoring the value.  Once the JDK version reaches the 'accept_until'
 208  * limit, we flatly refuse to admit the existence of the flag.  This allows
 209  * a flag to die correctly over JDK releases using HSX.
 210  */
 211 typedef struct {
 212   const char* name;
 213   JDK_Version obsoleted_in; // when the flag went away
 214   JDK_Version accept_until; // which version to start denying the existence
 215 } ObsoleteFlag;
 216 
 217 static ObsoleteFlag obsolete_jvm_flags[] = {
 218   { "UseTrainGC",                    JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 219   { "UseSpecialLargeObjectHandling", JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 220   { "UseOversizedCarHandling",       JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 221   { "TraceCarAllocation",            JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 222   { "PrintTrainGCProcessingStats",   JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 223   { "LogOfCarSpaceSize",             JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 224   { "OversizedCarThreshold",         JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 225   { "MinTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 226   { "DefaultTickInterval",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 227   { "MaxTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 228   { "DelayTickAdjustment",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 229   { "ProcessingToTenuringRatio",     JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 230   { "MinTrainLength",                JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 231   { "AppendRatio",         JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,10), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 232   { "DefaultMaxRAM",       JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 233   { "DefaultInitialRAMFraction",
 234                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 235   { "UseDepthFirstScavengeOrder",
 236                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,22), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 237   { "HandlePromotionFailure",
 238                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 239   { "MaxLiveObjectEvacuationRatio",
 240                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 241   { "ForceSharedSpaces",   JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,25), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 242   { "UseParallelOldGCCompacting",
 243                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 244   { "UseParallelDensePrefixUpdate",
 245                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 246   { "UseParallelOldGCDensePrefix",
 247                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 248   { "AllowTransitionalJSR292",       JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 249   { "UseCompressedStrings",          JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 250   { "CMSPermGenPrecleaningEnabled", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 251   { "CMSTriggerPermRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 252   { "CMSInitiatingPermOccupancyFraction", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 253   { "AdaptivePermSizeWeight", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 254   { "PermGenPadding", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 255   { "PermMarkSweepDeadRatio", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 256   { "PermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 257   { "MaxPermSize", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 258   { "MinPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 259   { "MaxPermHeapExpansion", JDK_Version::jdk(8),  JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 260   { "CMSRevisitStackSize",           JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 261   { "PrintRevisitStats",             JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 262   { "UseVectoredExceptions",         JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 263   { "UseSplitVerifier",              JDK_Version::jdk(8), JDK_Version::jdk(9) },
 264 #ifdef PRODUCT
 265   { "DesiredMethodLimit",
 266                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7, 2), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 267 #endif // PRODUCT
 268   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 269 };
 270 
 271 // Returns true if the flag is obsolete and fits into the range specified
 272 // for being ignored.  In the case that the flag is ignored, the 'version'
 273 // value is filled in with the version number when the flag became
 274 // obsolete so that that value can be displayed to the user.
 275 bool Arguments::is_newly_obsolete(const char *s, JDK_Version* version) {
 276   int i = 0;
 277   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 278   while (obsolete_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL) {
 279     const ObsoleteFlag& flag_status = obsolete_jvm_flags[i];
 280     // <flag>=xxx form
 281     // [-|+]<flag> form
 282     if ((strncmp(flag_status.name, s, strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0) ||
 283         ((s[0] == '+' || s[0] == '-') &&
 284         (strncmp(flag_status.name, &s[1], strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0))) {
 285       if (JDK_Version::current().compare(flag_status.accept_until) == -1) {
 286           *version = flag_status.obsoleted_in;
 287           return true;
 288       }
 289     }
 290     i++;
 291   }
 292   return false;
 293 }
 294 
 295 // Constructs the system class path (aka boot class path) from the following
 296 // components, in order:
 297 //
 298 //     prefix           // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 299 //     endorsed         // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 300 //     base             // from os::get_system_properties() or -Xbootclasspath=
 301 //     suffix           // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 302 //
 303 // java.endorsed.dirs is a list of directories; any jar or zip files in the
 304 // directories are added to the sysclasspath just before the base.
 305 //
 306 // This could be AllStatic, but it isn't needed after argument processing is
 307 // complete.
 308 class SysClassPath: public StackObj {
 309 public:
 310   SysClassPath(const char* base);
 311   ~SysClassPath();
 312 
 313   inline void set_base(const char* base);
 314   inline void add_prefix(const char* prefix);
 315   inline void add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix);
 316   inline void add_suffix(const char* suffix);
 317   inline void reset_path(const char* base);
 318 
 319   // Expand the jar/zip files in each directory listed by the java.endorsed.dirs
 320   // property.  Must be called after all command-line arguments have been
 321   // processed (in particular, -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...) and before calling
 322   // combined_path().
 323   void expand_endorsed();
 324 
 325   inline const char* get_base()     const { return _items[_scp_base]; }
 326   inline const char* get_prefix()   const { return _items[_scp_prefix]; }
 327   inline const char* get_suffix()   const { return _items[_scp_suffix]; }
 328   inline const char* get_endorsed() const { return _items[_scp_endorsed]; }
 329 
 330   // Combine all the components into a single c-heap-allocated string; caller
 331   // must free the string if/when no longer needed.
 332   char* combined_path();
 333 
 334 private:
 335   // Utility routines.
 336   static char* add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend);
 337   static char* add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory);
 338 
 339   inline void reset_item_at(int index);
 340 
 341   // Array indices for the items that make up the sysclasspath.  All except the
 342   // base are allocated in the C heap and freed by this class.
 343   enum {
 344     _scp_prefix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 345     _scp_endorsed,      // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 346     _scp_base,          // the default sysclasspath
 347     _scp_suffix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 348     _scp_nitems         // the number of items, must be last.
 349   };
 350 
 351   const char* _items[_scp_nitems];
 352   DEBUG_ONLY(bool _expansion_done;)
 353 };
 354 
 355 SysClassPath::SysClassPath(const char* base) {
 356   memset(_items, 0, sizeof(_items));
 357   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 358   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 359 }
 360 
 361 SysClassPath::~SysClassPath() {
 362   // Free everything except the base.
 363   for (int i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 364     if (i != _scp_base) reset_item_at(i);
 365   }
 366   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 367 }
 368 
 369 inline void SysClassPath::set_base(const char* base) {
 370   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 371 }
 372 
 373 inline void SysClassPath::add_prefix(const char* prefix) {
 374   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], prefix, true);
 375 }
 376 
 377 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix) {
 378   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], suffix, false);
 379 }
 380 
 381 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix(const char* suffix) {
 382   _items[_scp_suffix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_suffix], suffix, false);
 383 }
 384 
 385 inline void SysClassPath::reset_item_at(int index) {
 386   assert(index < _scp_nitems && index != _scp_base, "just checking");
 387   if (_items[index] != NULL) {
 388     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _items[index], mtInternal);
 389     _items[index] = NULL;
 390   }
 391 }
 392 
 393 inline void SysClassPath::reset_path(const char* base) {
 394   // Clear the prefix and suffix.
 395   reset_item_at(_scp_prefix);
 396   reset_item_at(_scp_suffix);
 397   set_base(base);
 398 }
 399 
 400 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 401 
 402 void SysClassPath::expand_endorsed() {
 403   assert(_items[_scp_endorsed] == NULL, "can only be called once.");
 404 
 405   const char* path = Arguments::get_property("java.endorsed.dirs");
 406   if (path == NULL) {
 407     path = Arguments::get_endorsed_dir();
 408     assert(path != NULL, "no default for java.endorsed.dirs");
 409   }
 410 
 411   char* expanded_path = NULL;
 412   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 413   const char* const end = path + strlen(path);
 414   while (path < end) {
 415     const char* tmp_end = strchr(path, separator);
 416     if (tmp_end == NULL) {
 417       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, path);
 418       path = end;
 419     } else {
 420       char* dirpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, tmp_end - path + 1, mtInternal);
 421       memcpy(dirpath, path, tmp_end - path);
 422       dirpath[tmp_end - path] = '\0';
 423       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, dirpath);
 424       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dirpath, mtInternal);
 425       path = tmp_end + 1;
 426     }
 427   }
 428   _items[_scp_endorsed] = expanded_path;
 429   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = true;)
 430 }
 431 
 432 // Combine the bootclasspath elements, some of which may be null, into a single
 433 // c-heap-allocated string.
 434 char* SysClassPath::combined_path() {
 435   assert(_items[_scp_base] != NULL, "empty default sysclasspath");
 436   assert(_expansion_done, "must call expand_endorsed() first.");
 437 
 438   size_t lengths[_scp_nitems];
 439   size_t total_len = 0;
 440 
 441   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 442 
 443   // Get the lengths.
 444   int i;
 445   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 446     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 447       lengths[i] = strlen(_items[i]);
 448       // Include space for the separator char (or a NULL for the last item).
 449       total_len += lengths[i] + 1;
 450     }
 451   }
 452   assert(total_len > 0, "empty sysclasspath not allowed");
 453 
 454   // Copy the _items to a single string.
 455   char* cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, total_len, mtInternal);
 456   char* cp_tmp = cp;
 457   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 458     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 459       memcpy(cp_tmp, _items[i], lengths[i]);
 460       cp_tmp += lengths[i];
 461       *cp_tmp++ = separator;
 462     }
 463   }
 464   *--cp_tmp = '\0';     // Replace the extra separator.
 465   return cp;
 466 }
 467 
 468 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 469 char*
 470 SysClassPath::add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend) {
 471   char *cp;
 472 
 473   assert(str != NULL, "just checking");
 474   if (path == NULL) {
 475     size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
 476     cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 477     memcpy(cp, str, len);                       // copy the trailing null
 478   } else {
 479     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 480     size_t old_len = strlen(path);
 481     size_t str_len = strlen(str);
 482     size_t len = old_len + str_len + 2;
 483 
 484     if (prepend) {
 485       cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 486       char* cp_tmp = cp;
 487       memcpy(cp_tmp, str, str_len);
 488       cp_tmp += str_len;
 489       *cp_tmp = separator;
 490       memcpy(++cp_tmp, path, old_len + 1);      // copy the trailing null
 491       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, mtInternal);
 492     } else {
 493       cp = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, len, mtInternal);
 494       char* cp_tmp = cp + old_len;
 495       *cp_tmp = separator;
 496       memcpy(++cp_tmp, str, str_len + 1);       // copy the trailing null
 497     }
 498   }
 499   return cp;
 500 }
 501 
 502 // Scan the directory and append any jar or zip files found to path.
 503 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 504 char* SysClassPath::add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory) {
 505   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
 506   if (dir == NULL) return path;
 507 
 508   char dir_sep[2] = { '\0', '\0' };
 509   size_t directory_len = strlen(directory);
 510   const char fileSep = *os::file_separator();
 511   if (directory[directory_len - 1] != fileSep) dir_sep[0] = fileSep;
 512 
 513   /* Scan the directory for jars/zips, appending them to path. */
 514   struct dirent *entry;
 515   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtInternal);
 516   while ((entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
 517     const char* name = entry->d_name;
 518     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
 519     bool isJarOrZip = ext > name &&
 520       (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0 ||
 521        os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".zip") == 0);
 522     if (isJarOrZip) {
 523       char* jarpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, directory_len + 2 + strlen(name), mtInternal);
 524       sprintf(jarpath, "%s%s%s", directory, dir_sep, name);
 525       path = add_to_path(path, jarpath, false);
 526       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jarpath, mtInternal);
 527     }
 528   }
 529   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf, mtInternal);
 530   os::closedir(dir);
 531   return path;
 532 }
 533 
 534 // Parses a memory size specification string.
 535 static bool atomull(const char *s, julong* result) {
 536   julong n = 0;
 537   int args_read = sscanf(s, JULONG_FORMAT, &n);
 538   if (args_read != 1) {
 539     return false;
 540   }
 541   while (*s != '\0' && isdigit(*s)) {
 542     s++;
 543   }
 544   // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
 545   if (strlen(s) > 1) {
 546     return false;
 547   }
 548   switch (*s) {
 549     case 'T': case 't':
 550       *result = n * G * K;
 551       // Check for overflow.
 552       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 553       return true;
 554     case 'G': case 'g':
 555       *result = n * G;
 556       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 557       return true;
 558     case 'M': case 'm':
 559       *result = n * M;
 560       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 561       return true;
 562     case 'K': case 'k':
 563       *result = n * K;
 564       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 565       return true;
 566     case '\0':
 567       *result = n;
 568       return true;
 569     default:
 570       return false;
 571   }
 572 }
 573 
 574 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size) {
 575   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 576   // Check that size will fit in a size_t (only relevant on 32-bit)
 577   if (size > max_uintx) return arg_too_big;
 578   return arg_in_range;
 579 }
 580 
 581 // Describe an argument out of range error
 582 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 583   switch(errcode) {
 584   case arg_too_big:
 585     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 586                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 587                 "representable size.\n");
 588     break;
 589   case arg_too_small:
 590   case arg_unreadable:
 591   case arg_in_range:
 592     // do nothing for now
 593     break;
 594   default:
 595     ShouldNotReachHere();
 596   }
 597 }
 598 
 599 static bool set_bool_flag(char* name, bool value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 600   return CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 601 }
 602 
 603 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 604   double v;
 605   if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &v) != 1) {
 606     return false;
 607   }
 608 
 609   if (CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin)) {
 610     return true;
 611   }
 612   return false;
 613 }
 614 
 615 static bool set_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 616   julong v;
 617   intx intx_v;
 618   bool is_neg = false;
 619   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
 620   if (*value == '-') {
 621     if (!CommandLineFlags::intxAt(name, &intx_v)) {
 622       return false;
 623     }
 624     value++;
 625     is_neg = true;
 626   }
 627   if (!atomull(value, &v)) {
 628     return false;
 629   }
 630   intx_v = (intx) v;
 631   if (is_neg) {
 632     intx_v = -intx_v;
 633   }
 634   if (CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut(name, &intx_v, origin)) {
 635     return true;
 636   }
 637   uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 638   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut(name, &uintx_v, origin)) {
 639     return true;
 640   }
 641   uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 642   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut(name, &uint64_t_v, origin)) {
 643     return true;
 644   }
 645   return false;
 646 }
 647 
 648 static bool set_string_flag(char* name, const char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 649   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin))  return false;
 650   // Contract:  CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 651   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 652   return true;
 653 }
 654 
 655 static bool append_to_string_flag(char* name, const char* new_value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 656   const char* old_value = "";
 657   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt(name, &old_value))  return false;
 658   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 659   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 660   const char* value;
 661   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 662   if (old_len == 0) {
 663     value = new_value;
 664   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 665     value = old_value;
 666   } else {
 667     char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, old_len + 1 + new_len + 1, mtInternal);
 668     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 669     sprintf(buf, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 670     value = buf;
 671     free_this_too = buf;
 672   }
 673   (void) CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 674   // CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 675   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 676   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 677     // CommandLineFlags made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 678     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too, mtInternal);
 679   }
 680   return true;
 681 }
 682 
 683 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 684 
 685   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
 686 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
 687 #define BUFLEN 255
 688   char name[BUFLEN+1];
 689   char dummy;
 690 
 691   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 692     return set_bool_flag(name, false, origin);
 693   }
 694   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 695     return set_bool_flag(name, true, origin);
 696   }
 697 
 698   char punct;
 699   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 700     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 701     Flag* flag = Flag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 702     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
 703       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 704         return append_to_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 705       } else {
 706         if (value[0] == '\0') {
 707           value = NULL;
 708         }
 709         return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 710       }
 711     }
 712   }
 713 
 714   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 715     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 716     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 717     if (value[0] == '\0') {
 718       value = NULL;
 719     }
 720     return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 721   }
 722 
 723 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.]"
 724 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
 725 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789]"
 726   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
 727   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
 728   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
 729     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
 730     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 731       return set_fp_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 732     }
 733   }
 734 
 735 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtKMGT0123456789]"
 736   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 737     return set_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 738   }
 739 
 740   return false;
 741 }
 742 
 743 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 744   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
 745 
 746   if (arg == NULL) {
 747     return;
 748   }
 749 
 750   int index = *count;
 751 
 752   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 753   (*count)++;
 754   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
 755     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *count, mtInternal);
 756   } else {
 757     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, *count, mtInternal);
 758   }
 759   (*bldarray)[index] = strdup(arg);
 760 }
 761 
 762 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
 763   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
 764 }
 765 
 766 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
 767   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
 768 }
 769 
 770 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
 771 // strings in a given char** array
 772 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
 773   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
 774     return NULL;
 775   }
 776   size_t length = strlen(args[0]) + 1; // add 1 for the null terminator
 777   for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
 778     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space
 779   }
 780   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
 781   strcpy(s, args[0]);
 782   for (int j = 1; j < count; j++) {
 783     strcat(s, " ");
 784     strcat(s, args[j]);
 785   }
 786   return (const char*) s;
 787 }
 788 
 789 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
 790   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
 791   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
 792     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
 793   }
 794   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
 795     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
 796   }
 797   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
 798   if (_java_class_path != NULL) {
 799     char* path = _java_class_path->value();
 800     st->print_cr("java_class_path (initial): %s", strlen(path) == 0 ? "<not set>" : path );
 801   }
 802   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
 803 }
 804 
 805 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
 806   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
 807     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
 808       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
 809     }
 810     st->print_cr("");
 811   }
 812 }
 813 
 814 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
 815   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
 816     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
 817       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
 818     }
 819     st->print_cr("");
 820   }
 821 }
 822 
 823 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
 824     jboolean ignore_unrecognized, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 825 
 826   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 827 
 828   if (parse_argument(arg, origin) || ignore_unrecognized) {
 829     return true;
 830   }
 831 
 832   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
 833   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
 834   if (is_newly_obsolete(arg, &since)) {
 835     char version[256];
 836     since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 837     warning("ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", argname, version);
 838     return true;
 839   }
 840 
 841   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
 842   // Otherwise, report the standard unrecognized VM option.
 843 
 844   size_t arg_len;
 845   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
 846   if (equal_sign == NULL) {
 847     arg_len = strlen(argname);
 848   } else {
 849     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
 850   }
 851 
 852   Flag* found_flag = Flag::find_flag((char*)argname, arg_len, true);
 853   if (found_flag != NULL) {
 854     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
 855     found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
 856     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
 857       if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
 858         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 859           "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 860       } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
 861         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 862           "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 863       } else {
 864         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 865           "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 866       }
 867     } else {
 868       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
 869     }
 870   } else {
 871     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 872                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 873   }
 874 
 875   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
 876   return arg[0] == '#';
 877 }
 878 
 879 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
 880   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
 881   if (stream == NULL) {
 882     if (should_exist) {
 883       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 884                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
 885       return false;
 886     } else {
 887       return true;
 888     }
 889   }
 890 
 891   char token[1024];
 892   int  pos = 0;
 893 
 894   bool in_white_space = true;
 895   bool in_comment     = false;
 896   bool in_quote       = false;
 897   char quote_c        = 0;
 898   bool result         = true;
 899 
 900   int c = getc(stream);
 901   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
 902     if (in_white_space) {
 903       if (in_comment) {
 904         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
 905       } else {
 906         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
 907         else if (!isspace(c)) {
 908           in_white_space = false;
 909           token[pos++] = c;
 910         }
 911       }
 912     } else {
 913       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
 914         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
 915         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
 916         token[pos] = '\0';
 917         logOption(token);
 918         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, CONFIG_FILE);
 919         build_jvm_flags(token);
 920         pos = 0;
 921         in_white_space = true;
 922         in_quote = false;
 923       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 924         in_quote = true;
 925         quote_c = c;
 926       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
 927         in_quote = false;
 928       } else {
 929         token[pos++] = c;
 930       }
 931     }
 932     c = getc(stream);
 933   }
 934   if (pos > 0) {
 935     token[pos] = '\0';
 936     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, CONFIG_FILE);
 937     build_jvm_flags(token);
 938   }
 939   fclose(stream);
 940   return result;
 941 }
 942 
 943 //=============================================================================================================
 944 // Parsing of properties (-D)
 945 
 946 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
 947   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
 948 }
 949 
 950 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop) {
 951   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
 952   char* key;
 953   // ns must be static--its address may be stored in a SystemProperty object.
 954   const static char ns[1] = {0};
 955   char* value = (char *)ns;
 956 
 957   size_t key_len = (eq == NULL) ? strlen(prop) : (eq - prop);
 958   key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtInternal);
 959   strncpy(key, prop, key_len);
 960   key[key_len] = '\0';
 961 
 962   if (eq != NULL) {
 963     size_t value_len = strlen(prop) - key_len - 1;
 964     value = AllocateHeap(value_len + 1, mtInternal);
 965     strncpy(value, &prop[key_len + 1], value_len + 1);
 966   }
 967 
 968   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
 969     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
 970     FreeHeap(key);
 971     if (eq != NULL) {
 972       FreeHeap(value);
 973     }
 974     return true;
 975   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
 976     _java_command = value;
 977 
 978     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
 979   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
 980     // launcher.pid property is private and is processed
 981     // in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
 982     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
 983     FreeHeap(key);
 984     if (eq != NULL) {
 985       FreeHeap(value);
 986     }
 987     return true;
 988   } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
 989     // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
 990     // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
 991     _java_vendor_url_bug = value;
 992   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
 993     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, true);
 994     return true;
 995   }
 996   // Create new property and add at the end of the list
 997   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value);
 998   return true;
 999 }
1000 
1001 //===========================================================================================================
1002 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1003 
1004 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1005   // Set up default values for all flags.
1006   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1007   // add a default value for it here.
1008   set_java_compiler(false);
1009   _mode                      = mode;
1010 
1011   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1012   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1013   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1014                           (char*)VM_Version::vm_info_string(), false);
1015 
1016   UseInterpreter             = true;
1017   UseCompiler                = true;
1018   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1019 
1020 #ifndef ZERO
1021   // Turn these off for mixed and comp.  Leave them on for Zero.
1022   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastAccessorMethods)) {
1023     UseFastAccessorMethods = (mode == _int);
1024   }
1025   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastEmptyMethods)) {
1026     UseFastEmptyMethods = (mode == _int);
1027   }
1028 #endif
1029 
1030   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1031   // use the saved values
1032   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1033   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1034   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1035   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1036 
1037   // Change from defaults based on mode
1038   switch (mode) {
1039   default:
1040     ShouldNotReachHere();
1041     break;
1042   case _int:
1043     UseCompiler              = false;
1044     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1045     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1046     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1047     break;
1048   case _mixed:
1049     // same as default
1050     break;
1051   case _comp:
1052     UseInterpreter           = false;
1053     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1054     ClipInlining             = false;
1055     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1056     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1057     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1058     if (TieredCompilation) {
1059       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1060       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1061     }
1062     break;
1063   }
1064 }
1065 
1066 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1067 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1068 
1069 static void no_shared_spaces() {
1070   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1071     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1072       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1073     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", NULL);
1074   } else {
1075     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1076   }
1077 }
1078 
1079 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1080   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1081   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1082     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1083   }
1084   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1085     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1086       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1087   }
1088   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1089   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1090     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 5);
1091   }
1092   if (!UseInterpreter) { // -Xcomp
1093     Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1094     Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1095   }
1096 }
1097 
1098 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1099 static void disable_adaptive_size_policy(const char* collector_name) {
1100   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1101     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy)) {
1102       warning("disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with %s.",
1103               collector_name);
1104     }
1105     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy, false);
1106   }
1107 }
1108 
1109 void Arguments::set_parnew_gc_flags() {
1110   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC && !UseG1GC,
1111          "control point invariant");
1112   assert(UseParNewGC, "Error");
1113 
1114   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy for parnew until it is complete.
1115   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseParNewGC");
1116 
1117   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads)) {
1118     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1119     assert(ParallelGCThreads > 0, "We should always have at least one thread by default");
1120   } else if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1121     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1122         "The ParNew GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1123     vm_exit(1);
1124   }
1125 
1126   // By default YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize are set to 4096 and 1024 respectively,
1127   // these settings are default for Parallel Scavenger. For ParNew+Tenured configuration
1128   // we set them to 1024 and 1024.
1129   // See CR 6362902.
1130   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize)) {
1131     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1132   }
1133   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1134     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1135   }
1136 
1137   // AlwaysTenure flag should make ParNew promote all at first collection.
1138   // See CR 6362902.
1139   if (AlwaysTenure) {
1140     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0);
1141   }
1142   // When using compressed oops, we use local overflow stacks,
1143   // rather than using a global overflow list chained through
1144   // the klass word of the object's pre-image.
1145   if (UseCompressedOops && !ParGCUseLocalOverflow) {
1146     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow)) {
1147       warning("Forcing +ParGCUseLocalOverflow: needed if using compressed references");
1148     }
1149     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow, true);
1150   }
1151   assert(ParGCUseLocalOverflow || !UseCompressedOops, "Error");
1152 }
1153 
1154 // Adjust some sizes to suit CMS and/or ParNew needs; these work well on
1155 // sparc/solaris for certain applications, but would gain from
1156 // further optimization and tuning efforts, and would almost
1157 // certainly gain from analysis of platform and environment.
1158 void Arguments::set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags() {
1159   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC, "Error");
1160   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1161 
1162   // If we are using CMS, we prefer to UseParNewGC,
1163   // unless explicitly forbidden.
1164   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC)) {
1165     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParNewGC, true);
1166   }
1167 
1168   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy by default for cms until it is complete.
1169   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseConcMarkSweepGC");
1170 
1171   // In either case, adjust ParallelGCThreads and/or UseParNewGC
1172   // as needed.
1173   if (UseParNewGC) {
1174     set_parnew_gc_flags();
1175   }
1176 
1177   size_t max_heap = align_size_down(MaxHeapSize,
1178                                     CardTableRS::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
1179 
1180   // Now make adjustments for CMS
1181   intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;
1182   size_t young_gen_per_worker = CMSYoungGenPerWorker;
1183 
1184   // Preferred young gen size for "short" pauses:
1185   // upper bound depends on # of threads and NewRatio.
1186   const uintx parallel_gc_threads =
1187     (ParallelGCThreads == 0 ? 1 : ParallelGCThreads);
1188   const size_t preferred_max_new_size_unaligned =
1189     MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * parallel_gc_threads));
1190   size_t preferred_max_new_size =
1191     align_size_up(preferred_max_new_size_unaligned, os::vm_page_size());
1192 
1193   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size young gen
1194   // for "short" pauses ~ CMSYoungGenPerWorker*ParallelGCThreads
1195 
1196   // If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
1197   // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
1198   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {
1199 
1200     // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
1201     // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
1202     // preferred_max_new_size.
1203     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
1204       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
1205     } else {
1206       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
1207     }
1208     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1209       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1210       tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
1211     }
1212 
1213     // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
1214     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1215       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1216       tty->print_cr("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT
1217            " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT
1218            " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
1219            min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
1220     }
1221     size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
1222     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
1223       min_new = NewSize;
1224     }
1225     if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
1226       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
1227       // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
1228       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1229         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
1230         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
1231         if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1232           // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1233           tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
1234         }
1235       }
1236       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
1237       // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
1238       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
1239         if (max_heap > NewSize) {
1240           FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
1241           if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1242             // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1243             tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
1244           }
1245         }
1246       }
1247     }
1248   }
1249   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
1250   // promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
1251   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
1252       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1253     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
1254   }
1255   // If we decided above (or user explicitly requested)
1256   // `promote all' (via MaxTenuringThreshold := 0),
1257   // prefer minuscule survivor spaces so as not to waste
1258   // space for (non-existent) survivors
1259   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio) && MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
1260     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, SurvivorRatio, MAX2((uintx)1024, SurvivorRatio));
1261   }
1262   // If OldPLABSize is set and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is not,
1263   // set CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim equal to OldPLABSize.
1264   // This is done in order to make ParNew+CMS configuration to work
1265   // with YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize options.
1266   // See CR 6362902.
1267   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1268     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1269       // OldPLABSize is not the default value but CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim
1270       // is.  In this situtation let CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim follow
1271       // the value (either from the command line or ergonomics) of
1272       // OldPLABSize.  Following OldPLABSize is an ergonomics decision.
1273       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, OldPLABSize);
1274     } else {
1275       // OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim are both set.
1276       // CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is a collector-specific flag, so
1277       // we'll let it to take precedence.
1278       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1279                   "Both OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim"
1280                   " options are specified for the CMS collector."
1281                   " CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim will take precedence.\n");
1282     }
1283   }
1284   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ResizeOldPLAB) && !ResizeOldPLAB) {
1285     // OldPLAB sizing manually turned off: Use a larger default setting,
1286     // unless it was manually specified. This is because a too-low value
1287     // will slow down scavenges.
1288     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1289       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, 50); // default value before 6631166
1290     }
1291   }
1292   // Overwrite OldPLABSize which is the variable we will internally use everywhere.
1293   FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldPLABSize, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim);
1294   // If either of the static initialization defaults have changed, note this
1295   // modification.
1296   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABWeight)) {
1297     CFLS_LAB::modify_initialization(OldPLABSize, OldPLABWeight);
1298   }
1299   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1300     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1301       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1302     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1303   }
1304 }
1305 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1306 
1307 void set_object_alignment() {
1308   // Object alignment.
1309   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1310   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1311   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1312   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1313   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1314   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1315 
1316   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1317   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1318 
1319   // Oop encoding heap max
1320   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1321 
1322 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1323   // Set CMS global values
1324   CompactibleFreeListSpace::set_cms_values();
1325 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1326 }
1327 
1328 bool verify_object_alignment() {
1329   // Object alignment.
1330   if (!is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes)) {
1331     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1332                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be power of 2\n",
1333                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1334     return false;
1335   }
1336   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes < BytesPerLong) {
1337     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1338                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be greater or equal %d\n",
1339                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, BytesPerLong);
1340     return false;
1341   }
1342   // It does not make sense to have big object alignment
1343   // since a space lost due to alignment will be greater
1344   // then a saved space from compressed oops.
1345   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes > 256) {
1346     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1347                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must not be greater than 256\n",
1348                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1349     return false;
1350   }
1351   // In case page size is very small.
1352   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes >= os::vm_page_size()) {
1353     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1354                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be less than page size %d\n",
1355                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, os::vm_page_size());
1356     return false;
1357   }
1358   return true;
1359 }
1360 
1361 inline uintx max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1362   // Avoid sign flip.
1363   if (OopEncodingHeapMax < ClassMetaspaceSize + os::vm_page_size()) {
1364     return 0;
1365   }
1366   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - ClassMetaspaceSize - os::vm_page_size());
1367   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1368 }
1369 
1370 bool Arguments::should_auto_select_low_pause_collector() {
1371   if (UseAutoGCSelectPolicy &&
1372       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis) &&
1373       (MaxGCPauseMillis <= AutoGCSelectPauseMillis)) {
1374     if (PrintGCDetails) {
1375       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1376       tty->print_cr("Automatic selection of the low pause collector"
1377        " based on pause goal of %d (ms)", MaxGCPauseMillis);
1378     }
1379     return true;
1380   }
1381   return false;
1382 }
1383 
1384 void Arguments::set_use_compressed_oops() {
1385 #ifndef ZERO
1386 #ifdef _LP64
1387   // MaxHeapSize is not set up properly at this point, but
1388   // the only value that can override MaxHeapSize if we are
1389   // to use UseCompressedOops is InitialHeapSize.
1390   size_t max_heap_size = MAX2(MaxHeapSize, InitialHeapSize);
1391 
1392   if (max_heap_size <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1393 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1394     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1395       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1396     }
1397 #endif
1398 #ifdef _WIN64
1399     if (UseLargePages && UseCompressedOops) {
1400       // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed addressing
1401       // mode, when large pages are specified on windows.
1402       // This flag could be switched ON if narrow oop base address is set to 0,
1403       // see code in Universe::initialize_heap().
1404       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
1405     }
1406 #endif //  _WIN64
1407   } else {
1408     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1409       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1410       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1411       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers, false);
1412     }
1413   }
1414 #endif // _LP64
1415 #endif // ZERO
1416 }
1417 
1418 void Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1419 
1420   if (os::is_server_class_machine()) {
1421     // If no other collector is requested explicitly,
1422     // let the VM select the collector based on
1423     // machine class and automatic selection policy.
1424     if (!UseSerialGC &&
1425         !UseConcMarkSweepGC &&
1426         !UseG1GC &&
1427         !UseParNewGC &&
1428         FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC)) {
1429       if (should_auto_select_low_pause_collector()) {
1430         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
1431       } else {
1432         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
1433       }
1434     }
1435     // Shared spaces work fine with other GCs but causes bytecode rewriting
1436     // to be disabled, which hurts interpreter performance and decreases
1437     // server performance.   On server class machines, keep the default
1438     // off unless it is asked for.  Future work: either add bytecode rewriting
1439     // at link time, or rewrite bytecodes in non-shared methods.
1440     if (!DumpSharedSpaces && !RequireSharedSpaces) {
1441       no_shared_spaces();
1442     }
1443   }
1444 
1445 #ifndef ZERO
1446 #ifdef _LP64
1447   set_use_compressed_oops();
1448   // UseCompressedOops must be on for UseCompressedKlassPointers to be on.
1449   if (!UseCompressedOops) {
1450     if (UseCompressedKlassPointers) {
1451       warning("UseCompressedKlassPointers requires UseCompressedOops");
1452     }
1453     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers, false);
1454   } else {
1455     // Turn on UseCompressedKlassPointers too
1456     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers)) {
1457       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedKlassPointers, true);
1458     }
1459     // Set the ClassMetaspaceSize to something that will not need to be
1460     // expanded, since it cannot be expanded.
1461     if (UseCompressedKlassPointers) {
1462       if (ClassMetaspaceSize > KlassEncodingMetaspaceMax) {
1463         warning("Class metaspace size is too large for UseCompressedKlassPointers");
1464         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers, false);
1465       } else if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ClassMetaspaceSize)) {
1466         // 100,000 classes seems like a good size, so 100M assumes around 1K
1467         // per klass.   The vtable and oopMap is embedded so we don't have a fixed
1468         // size per klass.   Eventually, this will be parameterized because it
1469         // would also be useful to determine the optimal size of the
1470         // systemDictionary.
1471         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, ClassMetaspaceSize, 100*M);
1472       }
1473     }
1474   }
1475   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1476   // in vm_version initialization code.
1477 #endif // _LP64
1478 #endif // !ZERO
1479 }
1480 
1481 void Arguments::set_parallel_gc_flags() {
1482   assert(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC, "Error");
1483   // Enable ParallelOld unless it was explicitly disabled (cmd line or rc file).
1484   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC)) {
1485     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, true);
1486   }
1487   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, true);
1488 
1489   // If no heap maximum was requested explicitly, use some reasonable fraction
1490   // of the physical memory, up to a maximum of 1GB.
1491   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1492                    Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1493   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1494     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1495         "The Parallel GC can not be combined with -XX:ParallelGCThreads=0\n");
1496     vm_exit(1);
1497   }
1498 
1499 
1500   // If InitialSurvivorRatio or MinSurvivorRatio were not specified, but the
1501   // SurvivorRatio has been set, reset their default values to SurvivorRatio +
1502   // 2.  By doing this we make SurvivorRatio also work for Parallel Scavenger.
1503   // See CR 6362902 for details.
1504   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1505     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio)) {
1506        FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1507     }
1508     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio)) {
1509       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1510     }
1511   }
1512 
1513   if (UseParallelOldGC) {
1514     // Par compact uses lower default values since they are treated as
1515     // minimums.  These are different defaults because of the different
1516     // interpretation and are not ergonomically set.
1517     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1518       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio, 1);
1519     }
1520   }
1521 }
1522 
1523 void Arguments::set_g1_gc_flags() {
1524   assert(UseG1GC, "Error");
1525 #ifdef COMPILER1
1526   FastTLABRefill = false;
1527 #endif
1528   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1529                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1530   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1531     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1532                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1533   }
1534 
1535   // MarkStackSize will be set (if it hasn't been set by the user)
1536   // when concurrent marking is initialized.
1537   // Its value will be based upon the number of parallel marking threads.
1538   // But we do set the maximum mark stack size here.
1539   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax)) {
1540     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkStackSizeMax, 128 * TASKQUEUE_SIZE);
1541   }
1542 
1543   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio) || GCTimeRatio == 0) {
1544     // In G1, we want the default GC overhead goal to be higher than
1545     // say in PS. So we set it here to 10%. Otherwise the heap might
1546     // be expanded more aggressively than we would like it to. In
1547     // fact, even 10% seems to not be high enough in some cases
1548     // (especially small GC stress tests that the main thing they do
1549     // is allocation). We might consider increase it further.
1550     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio, 9);
1551   }
1552 
1553   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1554     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1555       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1556     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1557   }
1558 }
1559 
1560 julong Arguments::limit_by_allocatable_memory(julong limit) {
1561   julong max_allocatable;
1562   julong result = limit;
1563   if (os::has_allocatable_memory_limit(&max_allocatable)) {
1564     result = MIN2(result, max_allocatable / MaxVirtMemFraction);
1565   }
1566   return result;
1567 }
1568 
1569 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1570   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
1571     // Deprecated flag
1572     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxRAMFraction, DefaultMaxRAMFraction);
1573   }
1574 
1575   const julong phys_mem =
1576     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1577                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
1578 
1579   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1580   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1581   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1582   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1583     julong reasonable_max = phys_mem / MaxRAMFraction;
1584 
1585     if (phys_mem <= MaxHeapSize * MinRAMFraction) {
1586       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1587       reasonable_max = phys_mem / MinRAMFraction;
1588     } else {
1589       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1590       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1591       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1592     }
1593     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1594       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1595       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1596     }
1597     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1598       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1599       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1600       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1601         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1602         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1603         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1604       }
1605       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1606     }
1607     reasonable_max = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_max);
1608 
1609     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1610       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1611       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1612       // after call to limit_by_allocatable_memory because that
1613       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1614       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1615     }
1616 
1617     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1618       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1619       tty->print_cr("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, reasonable_max);
1620     }
1621     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_max);
1622   }
1623 
1624   // If the initial_heap_size has not been set with InitialHeapSize
1625   // or -Xms, then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1626   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1627   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1628     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1629 
1630     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1631 
1632     reasonable_minimum = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1633 
1634     julong reasonable_initial = phys_mem / InitialRAMFraction;
1635 
1636     reasonable_initial = MAX2(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum);
1637     reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1638 
1639     reasonable_initial = limit_by_allocatable_memory(reasonable_initial);
1640 
1641     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1642       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1643       tty->print_cr("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1644       tty->print_cr("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_minimum);
1645     }
1646     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1647     set_min_heap_size((uintx)reasonable_minimum);
1648   }
1649 }
1650 
1651 // This must be called after ergonomics because we want bytecode rewriting
1652 // if the server compiler is used, or if UseSharedSpaces is disabled.
1653 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1654   // Better not attempt to store into a read-only space.
1655   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
1656     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteBytecodes, false);
1657     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1658   }
1659 
1660   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1661     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1662   }
1663 }
1664 
1665 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
1666 void Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1667 #ifdef COMPILER2
1668   if (AggressiveUnboxing) {
1669     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1670       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1671     } else if (!EliminateAutoBox) {
1672       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because EliminateAutoBox is disabled");
1673       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1674     }
1675     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis)) {
1676       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DoEscapeAnalysis, true);
1677     } else if (!DoEscapeAnalysis) {
1678       // warning("AggressiveUnboxing is disabled because DoEscapeAnalysis is disabled");
1679       AggressiveUnboxing = false;
1680     }
1681   }
1682   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1683     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1684       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1685     }
1686     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1687       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
1688     }
1689 
1690     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1691     char buffer[1024];
1692     sprintf(buffer, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
1693     add_property(buffer);
1694   }
1695   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
1696     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
1697   }
1698 #endif
1699 
1700   if (AggressiveOpts) {
1701 // Sample flag setting code
1702 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
1703 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
1704 //    }
1705   }
1706 }
1707 
1708 //===========================================================================================================
1709 // Parsing of java.compiler property
1710 
1711 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(char* arg) {
1712   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
1713   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
1714   // is also specified.
1715   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
1716     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
1717   }
1718 }
1719 
1720 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1721   _sun_java_launcher = strdup(launcher);
1722   if (strcmp("gamma", _sun_java_launcher) == 0) {
1723     _created_by_gamma_launcher = true;
1724   }
1725 }
1726 
1727 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1728   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
1729   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1730 }
1731 
1732 bool Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() {
1733   return _created_by_gamma_launcher;
1734 }
1735 
1736 //===========================================================================================================
1737 // Parsing of main arguments
1738 
1739 bool Arguments::verify_interval(uintx val, uintx min,
1740                                 uintx max, const char* name) {
1741   // Returns true iff value is in the inclusive interval [min..max]
1742   // false, otherwise.
1743   if (val >= min && val <= max) {
1744     return true;
1745   }
1746   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1747               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between " UINTX_FORMAT
1748               " and " UINTX_FORMAT "\n",
1749               name, val, min, max);
1750   return false;
1751 }
1752 
1753 bool Arguments::verify_min_value(intx val, intx min, const char* name) {
1754   // Returns true if given value is at least specified min threshold
1755   // false, otherwise.
1756   if (val >= min ) {
1757       return true;
1758   }
1759   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1760               "%s of " INTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be at least " INTX_FORMAT "\n",
1761               name, val, min);
1762   return false;
1763 }
1764 
1765 bool Arguments::verify_percentage(uintx value, const char* name) {
1766   if (value <= 100) {
1767     return true;
1768   }
1769   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1770               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between 0 and 100\n",
1771               name, value);
1772   return false;
1773 }
1774 
1775 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1776 #ifdef ASSERT
1777 static bool verify_serial_gc_flags() {
1778   return (UseSerialGC &&
1779         !(UseParNewGC || (UseConcMarkSweepGC || CMSIncrementalMode) || UseG1GC ||
1780           UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC));
1781 }
1782 #endif // ASSERT
1783 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
1784 
1785 // check if do gclog rotation
1786 // +UseGCLogFileRotation is a must,
1787 // no gc log rotation when log file not supplied or
1788 // NumberOfGCLogFiles is 0, or GCLogFileSize is 0
1789 void check_gclog_consistency() {
1790   if (UseGCLogFileRotation) {
1791     if ((Arguments::gc_log_filename() == NULL) ||
1792         (NumberOfGCLogFiles == 0)  ||
1793         (GCLogFileSize == 0)) {
1794       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1795                   "To enable GC log rotation, use -Xloggc:<filename> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=<num_of_files> -XX:GCLogFileSize=<num_of_size>\n"
1796                   "where num_of_file > 0 and num_of_size > 0\n"
1797                   "GC log rotation is turned off\n");
1798       UseGCLogFileRotation = false;
1799     }
1800   }
1801 
1802   if (UseGCLogFileRotation && GCLogFileSize < 8*K) {
1803         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, GCLogFileSize, 8*K);
1804         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1805                     "GCLogFileSize changed to minimum 8K\n");
1806   }
1807 }
1808 
1809 // Check consistency of GC selection
1810 bool Arguments::check_gc_consistency() {
1811   check_gclog_consistency();
1812   bool status = true;
1813   // Ensure that the user has not selected conflicting sets
1814   // of collectors. [Note: this check is merely a user convenience;
1815   // collectors over-ride each other so that only a non-conflicting
1816   // set is selected; however what the user gets is not what they
1817   // may have expected from the combination they asked for. It's
1818   // better to reduce user confusion by not allowing them to
1819   // select conflicting combinations.
1820   uint i = 0;
1821   if (UseSerialGC)                       i++;
1822   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseParNewGC) i++;
1823   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) i++;
1824   if (UseG1GC)                           i++;
1825   if (i > 1) {
1826     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1827                 "Conflicting collector combinations in option list; "
1828                 "please refer to the release notes for the combinations "
1829                 "allowed\n");
1830     status = false;
1831   }
1832 
1833   return status;
1834 }
1835 
1836 void Arguments::check_deprecated_gcs() {
1837   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && !UseParNewGC) {
1838     warning("Using the DefNew young collector with the CMS collector is deprecated "
1839         "and will likely be removed in a future release");
1840   }
1841 
1842   if (UseParNewGC && !UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1843     // !UseConcMarkSweepGC means that we are using serial old gc. Unfortunately we don't
1844     // set up UseSerialGC properly, so that can't be used in the check here.
1845     warning("Using the ParNew young collector with the Serial old collector is deprecated "
1846         "and will likely be removed in a future release");
1847   }
1848 
1849   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
1850     warning("Using incremental CMS is deprecated and will likely be removed in a future release");
1851   }
1852 }
1853 
1854 void Arguments::check_deprecated_gc_flags() {
1855   if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(MaxGCMinorPauseMillis)) {
1856     warning("Using MaxGCMinorPauseMillis as minor pause goal is deprecated"
1857             "and will likely be removed in future release");
1858   }
1859 }
1860 
1861 // Check stack pages settings
1862 bool Arguments::check_stack_pages()
1863 {
1864   bool status = true;
1865   status = status && verify_min_value(StackYellowPages, 1, "StackYellowPages");
1866   status = status && verify_min_value(StackRedPages, 1, "StackRedPages");
1867   // greater stack shadow pages can't generate instruction to bang stack
1868   status = status && verify_interval(StackShadowPages, 1, 50, "StackShadowPages");
1869   return status;
1870 }
1871 
1872 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
1873 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
1874   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
1875   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
1876   // before returning an error.
1877   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
1878   bool status = true;
1879 
1880 #if ( (defined(COMPILER2) && defined(SPARC)))
1881   // NOTE: The call to VM_Version_init depends on the fact that VM_Version_init
1882   // on sparc doesn't require generation of a stub as is the case on, e.g.,
1883   // x86.  Normally, VM_Version_init must be called from init_globals in
1884   // init.cpp, which is called by the initial java thread *after* arguments
1885   // have been parsed.  VM_Version_init gets called twice on sparc.
1886   extern void VM_Version_init();
1887   VM_Version_init();
1888   if (!VM_Version::has_v9()) {
1889     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1890                 "V8 Machine detected, Server requires V9\n");
1891     status = false;
1892   }
1893 #endif /* COMPILER2 && SPARC */
1894 
1895   // Allow both -XX:-UseStackBanging and -XX:-UseBoundThreads in non-product
1896   // builds so the cost of stack banging can be measured.
1897 #if (defined(PRODUCT) && defined(SOLARIS))
1898   if (!UseBoundThreads && !UseStackBanging) {
1899     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1900                 "-UseStackBanging conflicts with -UseBoundThreads\n");
1901 
1902      status = false;
1903   }
1904 #endif
1905 
1906   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
1907     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1908                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
1909                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
1910                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
1911     status = false;
1912   }
1913 
1914   status = status && verify_percentage(AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight,
1915                               "AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight");
1916   status = status && verify_percentage(ThresholdTolerance, "ThresholdTolerance");
1917   status = status && verify_percentage(MinHeapFreeRatio, "MinHeapFreeRatio");
1918   status = status && verify_percentage(MaxHeapFreeRatio, "MaxHeapFreeRatio");
1919 
1920   // Divide by bucket size to prevent a large size from causing rollover when
1921   // calculating amount of memory needed to be allocated for the String table.
1922   status = status && verify_interval(StringTableSize, defaultStringTableSize,
1923     (max_uintx / StringTable::bucket_size()), "StringTable size");
1924 
1925   if (MinHeapFreeRatio > MaxHeapFreeRatio) {
1926     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1927                 "MinHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
1928                 "equal to MaxHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ")\n",
1929                 MinHeapFreeRatio, MaxHeapFreeRatio);
1930     status = false;
1931   }
1932   // Keeping the heap 100% free is hard ;-) so limit it to 99%.
1933   MinHeapFreeRatio = MIN2(MinHeapFreeRatio, (uintx) 99);
1934 
1935   // Min/MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio
1936   status = status && verify_percentage(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio, "MinMetaspaceFreeRatio");
1937   status = status && verify_percentage(MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio, "MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio");
1938 
1939   if (MinMetaspaceFreeRatio > MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio) {
1940     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1941                 "MinMetaspaceFreeRatio (%s" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
1942                 "equal to MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio (%s" UINTX_FORMAT ")\n",
1943                 FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio) ? "Default: " : "",
1944                 MinMetaspaceFreeRatio,
1945                 FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio) ? "Default: " : "",
1946                 MaxMetaspaceFreeRatio);
1947     status = false;
1948   }
1949 
1950   // Trying to keep 100% free is not practical
1951   MinMetaspaceFreeRatio = MIN2(MinMetaspaceFreeRatio, (uintx) 99);
1952 
1953   if (FullGCALot && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount)) {
1954     MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount = 1;  // Move objects every gc.
1955   }
1956 
1957   if (UseParallelOldGC && ParallelOldGCSplitALot) {
1958     // Settings to encourage splitting.
1959     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewRatio)) {
1960       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewRatio, 2);
1961     }
1962     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
1963       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
1964     }
1965   }
1966 
1967   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
1968   status = status && verify_percentage(GCTimeLimit, "GCTimeLimit");
1969   if (GCTimeLimit == 100) {
1970     // Turn off gc-overhead-limit-exceeded checks
1971     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
1972   }
1973 
1974   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
1975 
1976   status = status && check_gc_consistency();
1977   status = status && check_stack_pages();
1978 
1979   if (_has_alloc_profile) {
1980     if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
1981       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1982                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1983                   "Allocation profiling (-Xaprof) cannot be used together with "
1984                   "Parallel GC (-XX:+UseParallelGC or -XX:+UseParallelOldGC).\n");
1985       status = false;
1986     }
1987     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1988       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1989                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1990                   "Allocation profiling (-Xaprof) cannot be used together with "
1991                   "the CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC).\n");
1992       status = false;
1993     }
1994   }
1995 
1996   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
1997     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1998       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1999                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
2000                   "The CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC) must be "
2001                   "selected in order\nto use CMSIncrementalMode.\n");
2002       status = false;
2003     } else {
2004       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycle,
2005                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycle");
2006       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin,
2007                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin");
2008       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor,
2009                                   "CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor");
2010       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalOffset,
2011                                   "CMSIncrementalOffset");
2012       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSExpAvgFactor,
2013                                   "CMSExpAvgFactor");
2014       // If it was not set on the command line, set
2015       // CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction to 1 so icms can initiate cycles early.
2016       if (CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction < 0) {
2017         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction, 1);
2018       }
2019     }
2020   }
2021 
2022   // CMS space iteration, which FLSVerifyAllHeapreferences entails,
2023   // insists that we hold the requisite locks so that the iteration is
2024   // MT-safe. For the verification at start-up and shut-down, we don't
2025   // yet have a good way of acquiring and releasing these locks,
2026   // which are not visible at the CollectedHeap level. We want to
2027   // be able to acquire these locks and then do the iteration rather
2028   // than just disable the lock verification. This will be fixed under
2029   // bug 4788986.
2030   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences) {
2031     if (VerifyDuringStartup) {
2032       warning("Heap verification at start-up disabled "
2033               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2034       VerifyDuringStartup = false; // Disable verification at start-up
2035     }
2036 
2037     if (VerifyBeforeExit) {
2038       warning("Heap verification at shutdown disabled "
2039               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
2040       VerifyBeforeExit = false; // Disable verification at shutdown
2041     }
2042   }
2043 
2044   // Note: only executed in non-PRODUCT mode
2045   if (!UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC &&
2046       (ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent ||
2047        ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses)) {
2048     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2049                 "error: +ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent[AndUnloadsClasses] conflicts"
2050                 " with -UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC");
2051     status = false;
2052   }
2053 
2054   status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCArrayScanChunk, 1, "ParGCArrayScanChunk");
2055 
2056 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
2057   if (UseG1GC) {
2058     status = status && verify_percentage(InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent,
2059                                          "InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent");
2060     status = status && verify_min_value(G1RefProcDrainInterval, 1,
2061                                         "G1RefProcDrainInterval");
2062     status = status && verify_min_value((intx)G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis, 1,
2063                                         "G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis");
2064   }
2065 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
2066 
2067   status = status && verify_interval(RefDiscoveryPolicy,
2068                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMin,
2069                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMax,
2070                                      "RefDiscoveryPolicy");
2071 
2072   // Limit the lower bound of this flag to 1 as it is used in a division
2073   // expression.
2074   status = status && verify_interval(TLABWasteTargetPercent,
2075                                      1, 100, "TLABWasteTargetPercent");
2076 
2077   status = status && verify_object_alignment();
2078 
2079   status = status && verify_min_value(ClassMetaspaceSize, 1*M,
2080                                       "ClassMetaspaceSize");
2081 
2082   status = status && verify_interval(MarkStackSizeMax,
2083                                   1, (max_jint - 1), "MarkStackSizeMax");
2084 
2085 #ifdef SPARC
2086   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseG1GC) {
2087     // Issue a stern warning if the user has explicitly set
2088     // UseMemSetInBOT (it is known to cause issues), but allow
2089     // use for experimentation and debugging.
2090     if (VM_Version::is_sun4v() && UseMemSetInBOT) {
2091       assert(!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseMemSetInBOT), "Error");
2092       warning("Experimental flag -XX:+UseMemSetInBOT is known to cause instability"
2093           " on sun4v; please understand that you are using at your own risk!");
2094     }
2095   }
2096 #endif // SPARC
2097 
2098   if (PrintNMTStatistics) {
2099 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2100     if (MemTracker::tracking_level() == MemTracker::NMT_off) {
2101 #endif // INCLUDE_NMT
2102       warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2103       PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2104 #if INCLUDE_NMT
2105     }
2106 #endif
2107   }
2108 
2109   return status;
2110 }
2111 
2112 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2113   const char* option_type) {
2114   if (ignore) return false;
2115 
2116   const char* spacer = " ";
2117   if (option_type == NULL) {
2118     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2119   }
2120 
2121   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2122     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2123                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2124       option->optionString);
2125     return false;
2126   } else {
2127     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2128                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2129       option->optionString);
2130     return true;
2131   }
2132 }
2133 
2134 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2135   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2136 };
2137 
2138 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2139   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2140 };
2141 
2142 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
2143 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
2144 // the option must match exactly.
2145 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
2146   bool tail_allowed) {
2147   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
2148     if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
2149       if (**tail == '\0' || tail_allowed && **tail == ':') {
2150         return true;
2151       }
2152     }
2153   }
2154   return false;
2155 }
2156 
2157 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2158                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2159                             uintx min_size) {
2160 
2161   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
2162   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2163 
2164   if (value_is_positive) {
2165     julong n;
2166     bool good_return = atomull(value, &n);
2167     if (good_return) {
2168       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2169       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2170 
2171       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2172         *uintx_arg = n;
2173         return true;
2174       }
2175     }
2176   }
2177   return false;
2178 }
2179 
2180 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2181                                                   julong* long_arg,
2182                                                   julong min_size) {
2183   if (!atomull(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2184   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size);
2185 }
2186 
2187 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2188 
2189 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
2190   // For components of the system classpath.
2191   SysClassPath scp(Arguments::get_sysclasspath());
2192   bool scp_assembly_required = false;
2193 
2194   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2195   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2196   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2197   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2198   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2199 
2200   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2201   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2202 
2203   // Parse JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable (if present)
2204   jint result = parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2205   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2206     return result;
2207   }
2208 
2209   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in
2210   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required, COMMAND_LINE);
2211   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2212     return result;
2213   }
2214 
2215   if (AggressiveOpts) {
2216     // Insert alt-rt.jar between user-specified bootclasspath
2217     // prefix and the default bootclasspath.  os::set_boot_path()
2218     // uses meta_index_dir as the default bootclasspath directory.
2219     const char* altclasses_jar = "alt-rt.jar";
2220     size_t altclasses_path_len = strlen(get_meta_index_dir()) + 1 +
2221                                  strlen(altclasses_jar);
2222     char* altclasses_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, altclasses_path_len, mtInternal);
2223     strcpy(altclasses_path, get_meta_index_dir());
2224     strcat(altclasses_path, altclasses_jar);
2225     scp.add_suffix_to_prefix(altclasses_path);
2226     scp_assembly_required = true;
2227     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, altclasses_path, mtInternal);
2228   }
2229 
2230   // Parse _JAVA_OPTIONS environment variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2231   result = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2232   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2233     return result;
2234   }
2235 
2236   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2237   result = finalize_vm_init_args(&scp, scp_assembly_required);
2238   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2239     return result;
2240   }
2241 
2242   return JNI_OK;
2243 }
2244 
2245 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
2246                                        SysClassPath* scp_p,
2247                                        bool* scp_assembly_required_p,
2248                                        FlagValueOrigin origin) {
2249   // Remaining part of option string
2250   const char* tail;
2251 
2252   // iterate over arguments
2253   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2254     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2255 
2256     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2257 
2258     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2259         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2260         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2261 
2262         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2263         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2264         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2265         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2266         // string constant object.
2267         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2268     }
2269 
2270     // -verbose:[class/gc/jni]
2271     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2272       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2273         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassLoading, true);
2274         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassUnloading, true);
2275       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2276         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2277       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2278         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true);
2279       }
2280     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2281     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2282     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2283     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2284       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2285       if (*tail == '\0') {
2286         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2287       } else {
2288         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2289         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2290       }
2291     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2292     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2293       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2294       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2295     // -bootclasspath:
2296     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2297       scp_p->reset_path(tail);
2298       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2299     // -bootclasspath/a:
2300     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2301       scp_p->add_suffix(tail);
2302       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2303     // -bootclasspath/p:
2304     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2305       scp_p->add_prefix(tail);
2306       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2307     // -Xrun
2308     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2309       if (tail != NULL) {
2310         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2311         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2312         char* name = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2313         name[len] = '\0';
2314 
2315         char *options = NULL;
2316         if(pos != NULL) {
2317           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2318           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtInternal), pos+1, len2);
2319         }
2320 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2321         if ((strcmp(name, "hprof") == 0) || (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0)) {
2322           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2323             "Profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2324           return JNI_ERR;
2325         }
2326 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2327         add_init_library(name, options);
2328       }
2329     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2330     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2331           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2332       if(tail != NULL) {
2333         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2334         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2335         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2336         name[len] = '\0';
2337 
2338         char *options = NULL;
2339         if(pos != NULL) {
2340           options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(pos + 1) + 1, mtInternal), pos + 1);
2341         }
2342 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2343         if ((strcmp(name, "hprof") == 0) || (strcmp(name, "jdwp") == 0)) {
2344           jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2345             "Profiling and debugging agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2346           return JNI_ERR;
2347         }
2348 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2349         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2350       }
2351     // -javaagent
2352     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2353 #if !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2354       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2355         "Instrumentation agents are not supported in this VM\n");
2356       return JNI_ERR;
2357 #else
2358       if(tail != NULL) {
2359         char *options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(tail) + 1, mtInternal), tail);
2360         add_init_agent("instrument", options, false);
2361       }
2362 #endif // !INCLUDE_JVMTI
2363     // -Xnoclassgc
2364     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc", &tail)) {
2365       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false);
2366     // -Xincgc: i-CMS
2367     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xincgc", &tail)) {
2368       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2369       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, true);
2370     // -Xnoincgc: no i-CMS
2371     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoincgc", &tail)) {
2372       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2373       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, false);
2374     // -Xconcgc
2375     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc", &tail)) {
2376       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2377     // -Xnoconcgc
2378     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc", &tail)) {
2379       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2380     // -Xbatch
2381     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch", &tail)) {
2382       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2383     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2384     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2385       julong long_initial_eden_size = 0;
2386       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_eden_size, 1);
2387       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2388         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2389                     "Invalid initial eden size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2390         describe_range_error(errcode);
2391         return JNI_EINVAL;
2392       }
2393       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, (uintx)long_initial_eden_size);
2394       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize, (uintx)long_initial_eden_size);
2395     // -Xms
2396     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2397       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2398       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 1);
2399       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2400         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2401                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2402         describe_range_error(errcode);
2403         return JNI_EINVAL;
2404       }
2405       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)long_initial_heap_size);
2406       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2407       set_min_heap_size(InitialHeapSize);
2408     // -Xmx
2409     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail)) {
2410       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2411       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2412       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2413         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2414                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2415         describe_range_error(errcode);
2416         return JNI_EINVAL;
2417       }
2418       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)long_max_heap_size);
2419     // Xmaxf
2420     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2421       int maxf = (int)(atof(tail) * 100);
2422       if (maxf < 0 || maxf > 100) {
2423         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2424                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2425                     option->optionString);
2426         return JNI_EINVAL;
2427       } else {
2428         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf);
2429       }
2430     // Xminf
2431     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2432       int minf = (int)(atof(tail) * 100);
2433       if (minf < 0 || minf > 100) {
2434         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2435                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2436                     option->optionString);
2437         return JNI_EINVAL;
2438       } else {
2439         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf);
2440       }
2441     // -Xss
2442     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2443       julong long_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2444       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ThreadStackSize, 1000);
2445       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2446         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2447                     "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2448         describe_range_error(errcode);
2449         return JNI_EINVAL;
2450       }
2451       // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2452       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize,
2453                               round_to((int)long_ThreadStackSize, K) / K);
2454     // -Xoss
2455     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoss", &tail)) {
2456           // HotSpot does not have separate native and Java stacks, ignore silently for compatibility
2457     // -Xmaxjitcodesize
2458     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2459                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2460       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2461       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize,
2462                                             (size_t)InitialCodeCacheSize);
2463       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2464         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2465                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s. Should be greater than InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK\n",
2466                     option->optionString, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2467         describe_range_error(errcode);
2468         return JNI_EINVAL;
2469       }
2470       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize);
2471     // -green
2472     } else if (match_option(option, "-green", &tail)) {
2473       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2474                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2475           return JNI_EINVAL;
2476     // -native
2477     } else if (match_option(option, "-native", &tail)) {
2478           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2479     // -Xsqnopause
2480     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xsqnopause", &tail)) {
2481           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2482     // -Xrs
2483     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs", &tail)) {
2484           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2485       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true);
2486     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xusealtsigs", &tail)) {
2487           // change default internal VM signals used - lower case for back compat
2488       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseAltSigs, true);
2489     // -Xoptimize
2490     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoptimize", &tail)) {
2491           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2492     // -Xprof
2493     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof", &tail)) {
2494 #if INCLUDE_FPROF
2495       _has_profile = true;
2496 #else // INCLUDE_FPROF
2497       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2498         "Flat profiling is not supported in this VM.\n");
2499       return JNI_ERR;
2500 #endif // INCLUDE_FPROF
2501     // -Xaprof
2502     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xaprof", &tail)) {
2503       _has_alloc_profile = true;
2504     // -Xconcurrentio
2505     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio", &tail)) {
2506       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true);
2507       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2508       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, DeferThrSuspendLoopCount, 1);
2509       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2510       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K);  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
2511 
2512       // -Xinternalversion
2513     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion", &tail)) {
2514       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2515                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2516       vm_exit(0);
2517 #ifndef PRODUCT
2518     // -Xprintflags
2519     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags", &tail)) {
2520       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
2521       vm_exit(0);
2522 #endif
2523     // -D
2524     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2525       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2526         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2527       }
2528       // Out of the box management support
2529       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2530 #if INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2531         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true);
2532 #else
2533         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
2534           "-Dcom.sun.management is not supported in this VM.\n");
2535         return JNI_ERR;
2536 #endif
2537       }
2538     // -Xint
2539     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint", &tail)) {
2540           set_mode_flags(_int);
2541     // -Xmixed
2542     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed", &tail)) {
2543           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2544     // -Xcomp
2545     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp", &tail)) {
2546       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2547           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2548     // -Xshare:dump
2549     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump", &tail)) {
2550       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true);
2551       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2552     // -Xshare:on
2553     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on", &tail)) {
2554       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2555       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true);
2556     // -Xshare:auto
2557     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto", &tail)) {
2558       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2559       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2560     // -Xshare:off
2561     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off", &tail)) {
2562       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false);
2563       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2564     // -Xverify
2565     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2566       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2567         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true);
2568         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2569       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2570         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2571         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2572       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
2573         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2574         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false);
2575       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2576         return JNI_EINVAL;
2577       }
2578     // -Xdebug
2579     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug", &tail)) {
2580       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
2581       set_xdebug_mode(true);
2582     // -Xnoagent
2583     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent", &tail)) {
2584       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
2585     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xboundthreads", &tail)) {
2586       // Bind user level threads to kernel threads (Solaris only)
2587       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseBoundThreads, true);
2588     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2589       // Redirect GC output to the file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2590       // ostream_init_log(), when called will use this filename
2591       // to initialize a fileStream.
2592       _gc_log_filename = strdup(tail);
2593       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2594       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGCTimeStamps, true);
2595 
2596     // JNI hooks
2597     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2598       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2599 #if !INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2600         warning("JNI CHECKING is not supported in this VM");
2601 #else
2602         CheckJNICalls = true;
2603 #endif // INCLUDE_JNI_CHECK
2604       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2605                                      "check")) {
2606         return JNI_EINVAL;
2607       }
2608     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf", &tail)) {
2609       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2610     } else if (match_option(option, "exit", &tail)) {
2611       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2612     } else if (match_option(option, "abort", &tail)) {
2613       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2614     // -XX:+AggressiveHeap
2615     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AggressiveHeap", &tail)) {
2616 
2617       // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
2618       // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
2619       // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
2620       // amounts of cpu and memory.
2621 
2622       // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
2623       // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
2624       // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
2625       // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
2626       // calculations.
2627       julong initHeapSize;
2628       julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
2629 
2630       if (total_memory < (julong)256*M) {
2631         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2632                     "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
2633         vm_exit(1);
2634       }
2635 
2636       // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
2637       // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
2638       // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
2639       // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
2640 
2641       initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong)2,
2642                           total_memory - (julong)160*M);
2643 
2644       initHeapSize = limit_by_allocatable_memory(initHeapSize);
2645 
2646       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2647          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2648          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2649          // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2650          set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2651       }
2652       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2653          // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2654          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize,
2655                                 ((julong)MaxHeapSize / (julong)8) * (julong)3);
2656          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, NewSize);
2657       }
2658 
2659 #ifndef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
2660       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
2661 #endif
2662 
2663       // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
2664       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize);
2665       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
2666       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, 256*K);
2667 
2668       // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
2669       // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
2670       // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
2671       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, 256*K);      // Note: this is in words
2672 
2673       // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
2674       // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
2675       // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
2676       // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
2677       // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
2678       // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
2679       // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
2680       // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
2681       // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
2682       // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
2683       // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
2684       // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
2685       // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
2686       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, 8*K);  // Note: this is in words
2687 
2688       // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
2689       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
2690       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
2691                        Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
2692 
2693       // Encourage steady state memory management
2694       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100);
2695 
2696       // This appears to improve mutator locality
2697       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2698 
2699       // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
2700       // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
2701       // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
2702       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true);
2703 
2704     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure", &tail)) {
2705       // The last option must always win.
2706       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false);
2707       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true);
2708     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure", &tail)) {
2709       // The last option must always win.
2710       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false);
2711       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true);
2712     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail) ||
2713                match_option(option, "-XX:-CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail)) {
2714       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2715         "Please use CMSClassUnloadingEnabled in place of "
2716         "CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled in the future\n");
2717     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
2718       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, true);
2719       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2720         "Please use -XX:+UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
2721         "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
2722     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
2723       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
2724       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2725         "Please use -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
2726         "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
2727     // The TLE options are for compatibility with 1.3 and will be
2728     // removed without notice in a future release.  These options
2729     // are not to be documented.
2730     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTLERatio=", &tail)) {
2731       // No longer used.
2732     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
2733       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, true);
2734     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
2735       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
2736     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintTLE", &tail)) {
2737       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, true);
2738     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintTLE", &tail)) {
2739       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, false);
2740     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEFragmentationRatio=", &tail)) {
2741       // No longer used.
2742     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLESize=", &tail)) {
2743       julong long_tlab_size = 0;
2744       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_tlab_size, 1);
2745       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2746         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2747                     "Invalid TLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2748         describe_range_error(errcode);
2749         return JNI_EINVAL;
2750       }
2751       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, long_tlab_size);
2752     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEThreadRatio=", &tail)) {
2753       // No longer used.
2754     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseTLE", &tail)) {
2755       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, true);
2756     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseTLE", &tail)) {
2757       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2758 SOLARIS_ONLY(
2759     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UsePermISM", &tail)) {
2760       warning("-XX:+UsePermISM is obsolete.");
2761       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseISM, true);
2762     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UsePermISM", &tail)) {
2763       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseISM, false);
2764 )
2765     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr", &tail)) {
2766       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false);
2767       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true);
2768     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout", &tail)) {
2769       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false);
2770       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true);
2771     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes", &tail)) {
2772 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2773       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true);
2774       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true);
2775       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true);
2776       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true);
2777 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2778       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2779                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2780       return JNI_EINVAL;
2781 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2782 #ifdef ASSERT
2783     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot", &tail)) {
2784       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true);
2785       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
2786       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2787 #endif
2788     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
2789       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
2790       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
2791       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2792         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2793         "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
2794     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
2795       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
2796       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
2797       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2798         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2799         "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
2800     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
2801       julong old_plab_size = 0;
2802       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &old_plab_size, 1);
2803       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2804         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2805                     "Invalid old PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2806         describe_range_error(errcode);
2807         return JNI_EINVAL;
2808       }
2809       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, old_plab_size);
2810       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2811                   "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2812                   "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
2813     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
2814       julong young_plab_size = 0;
2815       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &young_plab_size, 1);
2816       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2817         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2818                     "Invalid young PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2819         describe_range_error(errcode);
2820         return JNI_EINVAL;
2821       }
2822       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, young_plab_size);
2823       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2824                   "Please use -XX:YoungPLABSize in place of "
2825                   "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
2826     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSize=", &tail) ||
2827                match_option(option, "-XX:G1MarkStackSize=", &tail)) {
2828       julong stack_size = 0;
2829       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &stack_size, 1);
2830       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2831         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2832                     "Invalid mark stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2833         describe_range_error(errcode);
2834         return JNI_EINVAL;
2835       }
2836       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSize, stack_size);
2837     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSizeMax=", &tail)) {
2838       julong max_stack_size = 0;
2839       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_stack_size, 1);
2840       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2841         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2842                     "Invalid maximum mark stack size: %s\n",
2843                     option->optionString);
2844         describe_range_error(errcode);
2845         return JNI_EINVAL;
2846       }
2847       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSizeMax, max_stack_size);
2848     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelMarkingThreads=", &tail) ||
2849                match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelCMSThreads=", &tail)) {
2850       uintx conc_threads = 0;
2851       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &conc_threads, 1)) {
2852         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2853                     "Invalid concurrent threads: %s\n", option->optionString);
2854         return JNI_EINVAL;
2855       }
2856       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ConcGCThreads, conc_threads);
2857     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=", &tail)) {
2858       julong max_direct_memory_size = 0;
2859       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_direct_memory_size, 0);
2860       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2861         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2862                     "Invalid maximum direct memory size: %s\n",
2863                     option->optionString);
2864         describe_range_error(errcode);
2865         return JNI_EINVAL;
2866       }
2867       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxDirectMemorySize, max_direct_memory_size);
2868     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO", &tail)) {
2869       // NOTE! In JDK 9, the UseVMInterruptibleIO flag will completely go
2870       //       away and will cause VM initialization failures!
2871       warning("-XX:+UseVMInterruptibleIO is obsolete and will be removed in a future release.");
2872       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseVMInterruptibleIO, true);
2873 #if !INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2874     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ManagementServer", &tail)) {
2875         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2876           "ManagementServer is not supported in this VM.\n");
2877         return JNI_ERR;
2878 #endif // INCLUDE_MANAGEMENT
2879     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
2880       // Skip -XX:Flags= since that case has already been handled
2881       if (strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) {
2882         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
2883           return JNI_EINVAL;
2884         }
2885       }
2886     // Unknown option
2887     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
2888       return JNI_ERR;
2889     }
2890   }
2891 
2892   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
2893   // when working with older JDKs.
2894 #ifdef LINUX
2895  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
2896       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
2897     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
2898   }
2899 #endif // LINUX
2900   return JNI_OK;
2901 }
2902 
2903 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool scp_assembly_required) {
2904   // This must be done after all -D arguments have been processed.
2905   scp_p->expand_endorsed();
2906 
2907   if (scp_assembly_required || scp_p->get_endorsed() != NULL) {
2908     // Assemble the bootclasspath elements into the final path.
2909     Arguments::set_sysclasspath(scp_p->combined_path());
2910   }
2911 
2912   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
2913   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
2914   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
2915     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
2916     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
2917     // not specified.
2918     set_mode_flags(_int);
2919   }
2920   if (CompileThreshold == 0) {
2921     set_mode_flags(_int);
2922   }
2923 
2924 #ifndef COMPILER2
2925   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
2926   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
2927       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
2928     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
2929     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
2930     // Java heap and the code cache.
2931     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
2932     SOLARIS_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseMPSS, false));
2933     SOLARIS_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseISM, false));
2934   }
2935 
2936   // Tiered compilation is undefined with C1.
2937   TieredCompilation = false;
2938 #else
2939   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
2940     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
2941   }
2942 #endif
2943 
2944   // If we are running in a headless jre, force java.awt.headless property
2945   // to be true unless the property has already been set.
2946   // Also allow the OS environment variable JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS to set headless state.
2947   if (os::is_headless_jre()) {
2948     const char* headless = Arguments::get_property("java.awt.headless");
2949     if (headless == NULL) {
2950       char envbuffer[128];
2951       if (!os::getenv("JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS", envbuffer, sizeof(envbuffer))) {
2952         if (!add_property("java.awt.headless=true")) {
2953           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2954         }
2955       } else {
2956         char buffer[256];
2957         strcpy(buffer, "java.awt.headless=");
2958         strcat(buffer, envbuffer);
2959         if (!add_property(buffer)) {
2960           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2961         }
2962       }
2963     }
2964   }
2965 
2966   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
2967     return JNI_ERR;
2968   }
2969 
2970   return JNI_OK;
2971 }
2972 
2973 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2974   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", scp_p,
2975                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
2976 }
2977 
2978 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2979   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", scp_p,
2980                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
2981 }
2982 
2983 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name, SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2984   const int N_MAX_OPTIONS = 64;
2985   const int OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
2986   char buffer[OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE];
2987 
2988   // The variable will be ignored if it exceeds the length of the buffer.
2989   // Don't check this variable if user has special privileges
2990   // (e.g. unix su command).
2991   if (os::getenv(name, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) &&
2992       !os::have_special_privileges()) {
2993     JavaVMOption options[N_MAX_OPTIONS];      // Construct option array
2994     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2995                 "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
2996     char* rd = buffer;                        // pointer to the input string (rd)
2997     int i;
2998     for (i = 0; i < N_MAX_OPTIONS;) {         // repeat for all options in the input string
2999       while (isspace(*rd)) rd++;              // skip whitespace
3000       if (*rd == 0) break;                    // we re done when the input string is read completely
3001 
3002       // The output, option string, overwrites the input string.
3003       // Because of quoting, the pointer to the option string (wrt) may lag the pointer to
3004       // input string (rd).
3005       char* wrt = rd;
3006 
3007       options[i++].optionString = wrt;        // Fill in option
3008       while (*rd != 0 && !isspace(*rd)) {     // unquoted strings terminate with a space or NULL
3009         if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
3010           int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
3011           rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
3012           while (*rd != quote) {              // include everything (even spaces) up until quote
3013             if (*rd == 0) {                   // string termination means unmatched string
3014               jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3015                           "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
3016               return JNI_ERR;
3017             }
3018             *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
3019           }
3020           rd++;                               // don't copy close quote
3021         } else {
3022           *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
3023         }
3024       }
3025       // Need to check if we're done before writing a NULL,
3026       // because the write could be to the byte that rd is pointing to.
3027       if (*rd++ == 0) {
3028         *wrt = 0;
3029         break;
3030       }
3031       *wrt = 0;                               // Zero terminate option
3032     }
3033     // Construct JavaVMInitArgs structure and parse as if it was part of the command line
3034     JavaVMInitArgs vm_args;
3035     vm_args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
3036     vm_args.options = options;
3037     vm_args.nOptions = i;
3038     vm_args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
3039 
3040     if (PrintVMOptions) {
3041       const char* tail;
3042       for (int i = 0; i < vm_args.nOptions; i++) {
3043         const JavaVMOption *option = vm_args.options + i;
3044         if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3045           logOption(tail);
3046         }
3047       }
3048     }
3049 
3050     return(parse_each_vm_init_arg(&vm_args, scp_p, scp_assembly_required_p, ENVIRON_VAR));
3051   }
3052   return JNI_OK;
3053 }
3054 
3055 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
3056   const bool must_share = DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces;
3057   const bool might_share = must_share || UseSharedSpaces;
3058 
3059   // CompressedOops cannot be used with CDS.  The offsets of oopmaps and
3060   // static fields are incorrect in the archive.  With some more clever
3061   // initialization, this restriction can probably be lifted.
3062   // ??? UseLargePages might be okay now
3063   const bool cannot_share = UseCompressedOops ||
3064                             (UseLargePages && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseLargePages));
3065   if (cannot_share) {
3066     if (must_share) {
3067         warning("disabling large pages %s"
3068                 "because of %s", "" LP64_ONLY("and compressed oops "),
3069                 DumpSharedSpaces ? "-Xshare:dump" : "-Xshare:on");
3070         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLargePages, false);
3071         LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseCompressedOops, false));
3072         LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseCompressedKlassPointers, false));
3073     } else {
3074       // Prefer compressed oops and large pages to class data sharing
3075       if (UseSharedSpaces && Verbose) {
3076         warning("turning off use of shared archive because of large pages%s",
3077                  "" LP64_ONLY(" and/or compressed oops"));
3078       }
3079       no_shared_spaces();
3080     }
3081   } else if (UseLargePages && might_share) {
3082     // Disable large pages to allow shared spaces.  This is sub-optimal, since
3083     // there may not even be a shared archive to use.
3084     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
3085   }
3086 
3087   if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
3088     if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
3089       warning("cannot dump shared archive while using shared archive");
3090     }
3091     UseSharedSpaces = false;
3092   }
3093 }
3094 
3095 // Disable options not supported in this release, with a warning if they
3096 // were explicitly requested on the command-line
3097 #define UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(opt, description)                    \
3098 do {                                                            \
3099   if (opt) {                                                    \
3100     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(opt)) {                                 \
3101       warning(description " is disabled in this release.");     \
3102     }                                                           \
3103     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(opt, false);                               \
3104   }                                                             \
3105 } while(0)
3106 
3107 
3108 #define UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(gc)                                     \
3109 do {                                                                  \
3110   if (gc) {                                                           \
3111     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(gc)) {                                        \
3112       warning(#gc " is not supported in this VM.  Using Serial GC."); \
3113     }                                                                 \
3114     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(gc, false);                                      \
3115   }                                                                   \
3116 } while(0)
3117 
3118 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3119 static void force_serial_gc() {
3120   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSerialGC, true);
3121   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSIncrementalMode, false);  // special CMS suboption
3122   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseG1GC);
3123   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelGC);
3124   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParallelOldGC);
3125   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseConcMarkSweepGC);
3126   UNSUPPORTED_GC_OPTION(UseParNewGC);
3127 }
3128 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3129 
3130 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
3131 
3132 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3133 
3134   // Sharing support
3135   // Construct the path to the archive
3136   char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3137   os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3138   char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3139   if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3140   char *shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(jvm_path) +
3141       strlen(os::file_separator()) + 20, mtInternal);
3142   if (shared_archive_path == NULL) return JNI_ENOMEM;
3143   strcpy(shared_archive_path, jvm_path);
3144   strcat(shared_archive_path, os::file_separator());
3145   strcat(shared_archive_path, "classes");
3146   strcat(shared_archive_path, ".jsa");
3147   SharedArchivePath = shared_archive_path;
3148 
3149   // Remaining part of option string
3150   const char* tail;
3151 
3152   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3153   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3154   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3155   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3156 
3157   const char* flags_file;
3158   int index;
3159   for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3160     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3161     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3162       flags_file = tail;
3163       settings_file_specified = true;
3164     }
3165     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3166       PrintVMOptions = true;
3167     }
3168     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3169       PrintVMOptions = false;
3170     }
3171     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3172       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3173     }
3174     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3175       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3176     }
3177     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial", &tail)) {
3178       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
3179       vm_exit(0);
3180     }
3181     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
3182 #if INCLUDE_NMT
3183       MemTracker::init_tracking_options(tail);
3184 #else
3185       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3186         "Native Memory Tracking is not supported in this VM\n");
3187       return JNI_ERR;
3188 #endif
3189     }
3190 
3191 
3192 #ifndef PRODUCT
3193     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments", &tail)) {
3194       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, true);
3195       vm_exit(0);
3196     }
3197 #endif
3198   }
3199 
3200   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3201     // uncast const to modify the flag args->ignoreUnrecognized
3202     *(jboolean*)(&args->ignoreUnrecognized) = true;
3203   }
3204 
3205   // Parse specified settings file
3206   if (settings_file_specified) {
3207     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3208       return JNI_EINVAL;
3209     }
3210   } else {
3211 #ifdef ASSERT
3212     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3213     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3214       return JNI_EINVAL;
3215     }
3216 #else
3217     struct stat buf;
3218     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3219       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3220     }
3221 #endif
3222   }
3223 
3224   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3225     for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3226       const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3227       if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3228         logOption(tail);
3229       }
3230     }
3231   }
3232 
3233   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
3234   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(args);
3235   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3236     return result;
3237   }
3238 
3239   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3240   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3241   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3242     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3243             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3244             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3245   }
3246 
3247 #ifdef _ALLBSD_SOURCE  // UseLargePages is not yet supported on BSD.
3248   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseLargePages, "-XX:+UseLargePages");
3249 #endif
3250 
3251 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3252   #if (defined JAVASE_EMBEDDED || defined ARM)
3253     UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseG1GC, "G1 GC");
3254   #endif
3255 #endif
3256 
3257 #ifndef PRODUCT
3258   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3259     TraceBytecodes = true;
3260   }
3261   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
3262     if (UseCounterDecay) {
3263       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
3264       UseCounterDecay = false;
3265     }
3266   }
3267 #endif // PRODUCT
3268 
3269   // JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7
3270   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
3271     if (EnableInvokeDynamic) {
3272       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableInvokeDynamic)) {
3273         warning("JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7.  Disabling support.");
3274       }
3275       EnableInvokeDynamic = false;
3276     }
3277   }
3278 
3279   if (EnableInvokeDynamic && ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3280     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3281       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because EnableInvokeDynamic is true");
3282     }
3283     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3284   }
3285 
3286   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3287     // Turn on -verbose:gc options as well
3288     PrintGC = true;
3289   }
3290 
3291   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk18x_version()) {
3292     // To avoid changing the log format for 7 updates this flag is only
3293     // true by default in JDK8 and above.
3294     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause)) {
3295       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause, false);
3296     }
3297   }
3298 
3299   // Set object alignment values.
3300   set_object_alignment();
3301 
3302 #if !INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3303   force_serial_gc();
3304 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3305 #if !INCLUDE_CDS
3306   if (DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces) {
3307     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
3308       "Shared spaces are not supported in this VM\n");
3309     return JNI_ERR;
3310   }
3311   if ((UseSharedSpaces && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseSharedSpaces)) || PrintSharedSpaces) {
3312     warning("Shared spaces are not supported in this VM");
3313     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
3314     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintSharedSpaces, false);
3315   }
3316   no_shared_spaces();
3317 #endif // INCLUDE_CDS
3318 
3319   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3320   set_ergonomics_flags();
3321 
3322   set_shared_spaces_flags();
3323 
3324   // Check the GC selections again.
3325   if (!check_gc_consistency()) {
3326     return JNI_EINVAL;
3327   }
3328 
3329   if (TieredCompilation) {
3330     set_tiered_flags();
3331   } else {
3332     // Check if the policy is valid. Policies 0 and 1 are valid for non-tiered setup.
3333     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= 2) {
3334       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3335         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
3336     }
3337   }
3338 
3339   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3340   set_heap_size();
3341 
3342 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3343   // Set per-collector flags
3344   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3345     set_parallel_gc_flags();
3346   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) { // should be done before ParNew check below
3347     set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags();
3348   } else if (UseParNewGC) {  // skipped if CMS is set above
3349     set_parnew_gc_flags();
3350   } else if (UseG1GC) {
3351     set_g1_gc_flags();
3352   }
3353   check_deprecated_gcs();
3354   check_deprecated_gc_flags();
3355   if (AssumeMP && !UseSerialGC) {
3356     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads) && ParallelGCThreads == 1) {
3357       warning("If the number of processors is expected to increase from one, then"
3358               " you should configure the number of parallel GC threads appropriately"
3359               " using -XX:ParallelGCThreads=N");
3360     }
3361   }
3362 #else // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3363   assert(verify_serial_gc_flags(), "SerialGC unset");
3364 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3365 
3366   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3367   set_bytecode_flags();
3368 
3369   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled.
3370   set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3371 
3372   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
3373   // which are subtlely different from each other but neither works with
3374   // biased locking.
3375   if (UseHeavyMonitors
3376 #ifdef COMPILER1
3377       || !UseFastLocking
3378 #endif // COMPILER1
3379     ) {
3380     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
3381       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
3382       // can't enable biased locking here
3383       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
3384               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
3385     }
3386     UseBiasedLocking = false;
3387   }
3388 
3389 #ifdef CC_INTERP
3390   // Clear flags not supported by the C++ interpreter
3391   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3392   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
3393   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
3394   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedKlassPointers, false));
3395 #endif // CC_INTERP
3396 
3397 #ifdef COMPILER2
3398   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
3399     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
3400   }
3401   if (!EliminateLocks) {
3402     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
3403   }
3404   if (!Inline) {
3405     IncrementalInline = false;
3406   }
3407 #ifndef PRODUCT
3408   if (!IncrementalInline) {
3409     AlwaysIncrementalInline = false;
3410   }
3411 #endif
3412   if (IncrementalInline && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit)) {
3413     // incremental inlining: bump MaxNodeLimit
3414     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit, (intx)75000);
3415   }
3416 #endif
3417 
3418   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3419     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3420     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3421   }
3422 
3423 #ifndef PRODUCT
3424   if (CompileTheWorld) {
3425     // Force NmethodSweeper to sweep whole CodeCache each time.
3426     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction)) {
3427       NmethodSweepFraction = 1;
3428     }
3429   }
3430 #endif
3431 
3432   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3433     CommandLineFlags::printSetFlags(tty);
3434   }
3435 
3436   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
3437   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
3438     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
3439         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
3440       UseBiasedLocking = false;
3441     }
3442   }
3443 
3444   // set PauseAtExit if the gamma launcher was used and a debugger is attached
3445   // but only if not already set on the commandline
3446   if (Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() && os::is_debugger_attached()) {
3447     bool set = false;
3448     CommandLineFlags::wasSetOnCmdline("PauseAtExit", &set);
3449     if (!set) {
3450       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PauseAtExit, true);
3451     }
3452   }
3453 
3454   return JNI_OK;
3455 }
3456 
3457 jint Arguments::adjust_after_os() {
3458 #if INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3459   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3460     if (UseNUMA) {
3461       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
3462         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
3463       }
3464       // For those collectors or operating systems (eg, Windows) that do
3465       // not support full UseNUMA, we will map to UseNUMAInterleaving for now
3466       UseNUMAInterleaving = true;
3467     }
3468   }
3469 #endif // INCLUDE_ALL_GCS
3470   return JNI_OK;
3471 }
3472 
3473 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3474   int count = 0;
3475   while(pl != NULL) {
3476     count++;
3477     pl = pl->next();
3478   }
3479   return count;
3480 }
3481 
3482 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3483   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
3484   SystemProperty* prop;
3485   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3486     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
3487   }
3488   return NULL;
3489 }
3490 
3491 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
3492   int count = 0;
3493   const char* ret_val = NULL;
3494 
3495   while(pl != NULL) {
3496     if(count >= index) {
3497       ret_val = pl->key();
3498       break;
3499     }
3500     count++;
3501     pl = pl->next();
3502   }
3503 
3504   return ret_val;
3505 }
3506 
3507 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
3508   int count = 0;
3509   char* ret_val = NULL;
3510 
3511   while(pl != NULL) {
3512     if(count >= index) {
3513       ret_val = pl->value();
3514       break;
3515     }
3516     count++;
3517     pl = pl->next();
3518   }
3519 
3520   return ret_val;
3521 }
3522 
3523 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
3524   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
3525   if (p == NULL) {
3526     *plist = new_p;
3527   } else {
3528     while (p->next() != NULL) {
3529       p = p->next();
3530     }
3531     p->set_next(new_p);
3532   }
3533 }
3534 
3535 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v) {
3536   if (plist == NULL)
3537     return;
3538 
3539   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, true);
3540   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
3541 }
3542 
3543 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
3544 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v, jboolean append) {
3545   if (plist == NULL)
3546     return;
3547 
3548   // If property key exist then update with new value.
3549   SystemProperty* prop;
3550   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3551     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
3552       if (append) {
3553         prop->append_value(v);
3554       } else {
3555         prop->set_value(v);
3556       }
3557       return;
3558     }
3559   }
3560 
3561   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v);
3562 }
3563 
3564 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
3565 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
3566 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
3567 // Notes:
3568 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
3569 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
3570 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
3571 // expanded one.
3572 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
3573 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
3574                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
3575   const char* p = src;
3576   char* b = buf;
3577   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
3578   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
3579 
3580   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
3581     if (*p == '%') {
3582       switch (*(++p)) {
3583       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
3584         *b++ = *p++;
3585         break;
3586       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
3587         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
3588         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
3589         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
3590         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
3591 
3592         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
3593         // the expanded pid, returns false.
3594         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
3595           return false;
3596         } else {
3597           b += ret;
3598           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
3599           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
3600             // reach the end of the buffer.
3601             return true;
3602           }
3603         }
3604         p++;
3605         break;
3606       }
3607       default :
3608         *b++ = '%';
3609       }
3610     } else {
3611       *b++ = *p++;
3612     }
3613   }
3614   *b = '\0';
3615   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
3616 }