1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "classfile/javaAssertions.hpp"
  27 #include "compiler/compilerOracle.hpp"
  28 #include "memory/allocation.inline.hpp"
  29 #include "memory/cardTableRS.hpp"
  30 #include "memory/referenceProcessor.hpp"
  31 #include "memory/universe.inline.hpp"
  32 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  33 #include "prims/jvmtiExport.hpp"
  34 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  35 #include "runtime/globals_extension.hpp"
  36 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  37 #include "services/management.hpp"
  38 #include "services/memTracker.hpp"
  39 #include "utilities/defaultStream.hpp"
  40 #include "utilities/taskqueue.hpp"
  41 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_linux
  42 # include "os_linux.inline.hpp"
  43 #endif
  44 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_solaris
  45 # include "os_solaris.inline.hpp"
  46 #endif
  47 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_windows
  48 # include "os_windows.inline.hpp"
  49 #endif
  50 #ifdef TARGET_OS_FAMILY_bsd
  51 # include "os_bsd.inline.hpp"
  52 #endif
  53 #ifndef SERIALGC
  54 #include "gc_implementation/concurrentMarkSweep/compactibleFreeListSpace.hpp"
  55 #endif
  56 
  57 // Note: This is a special bug reporting site for the JVM
  58 #define DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG "http://bugreport.sun.com/bugreport/crash.jsp"
  59 #define DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER  "generic"
  60 
  61 char**  Arguments::_jvm_flags_array             = NULL;
  62 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_flags               = 0;
  63 char**  Arguments::_jvm_args_array              = NULL;
  64 int     Arguments::_num_jvm_args                = 0;
  65 char*  Arguments::_java_command                 = NULL;
  66 SystemProperty* Arguments::_system_properties   = NULL;
  67 const char*  Arguments::_gc_log_filename        = NULL;
  68 bool   Arguments::_has_profile                  = false;
  69 bool   Arguments::_has_alloc_profile            = false;
  70 uintx  Arguments::_min_heap_size                = 0;
  71 Arguments::Mode Arguments::_mode                = _mixed;
  72 bool   Arguments::_java_compiler                = false;
  73 bool   Arguments::_xdebug_mode                  = false;
  74 const char*  Arguments::_java_vendor_url_bug    = DEFAULT_VENDOR_URL_BUG;
  75 const char*  Arguments::_sun_java_launcher      = DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER;
  76 int    Arguments::_sun_java_launcher_pid        = -1;
  77 bool   Arguments::_created_by_gamma_launcher    = false;
  78 
  79 // These parameters are reset in method parse_vm_init_args(JavaVMInitArgs*)
  80 bool   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods     = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
  81 bool   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement        = UseOnStackReplacement;
  82 bool   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation        = BackgroundCompilation;
  83 bool   Arguments::_ClipInlining                 = ClipInlining;
  84 
  85 char*  Arguments::SharedArchivePath             = NULL;
  86 
  87 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_libraryList;
  88 AgentLibraryList Arguments::_agentList;
  89 
  90 abort_hook_t     Arguments::_abort_hook         = NULL;
  91 exit_hook_t      Arguments::_exit_hook          = NULL;
  92 vfprintf_hook_t  Arguments::_vfprintf_hook      = NULL;
  93 
  94 
  95 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_ext_dirs = NULL;
  96 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_endorsed_dirs = NULL;
  97 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_library_path = NULL;
  98 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_library_path = NULL;
  99 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_home = NULL;
 100 SystemProperty *Arguments::_java_class_path = NULL;
 101 SystemProperty *Arguments::_sun_boot_class_path = NULL;
 102 
 103 char* Arguments::_meta_index_path = NULL;
 104 char* Arguments::_meta_index_dir = NULL;
 105 
 106 // Check if head of 'option' matches 'name', and sets 'tail' remaining part of option string
 107 
 108 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption *option, const char* name,
 109                          const char** tail) {
 110   int len = (int)strlen(name);
 111   if (strncmp(option->optionString, name, len) == 0) {
 112     *tail = option->optionString + len;
 113     return true;
 114   } else {
 115     return false;
 116   }
 117 }
 118 
 119 static void logOption(const char* opt) {
 120   if (PrintVMOptions) {
 121     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "VM option '%s'\n", opt);
 122   }
 123 }
 124 
 125 // Process java launcher properties.
 126 void Arguments::process_sun_java_launcher_properties(JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
 127   // See if sun.java.launcher or sun.java.launcher.pid is defined.
 128   // Must do this before setting up other system properties,
 129   // as some of them may depend on launcher type.
 130   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
 131     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
 132     const char* tail;
 133 
 134     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher=", &tail)) {
 135       process_java_launcher_argument(tail, option->extraInfo);
 136       continue;
 137     }
 138     if (match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher.pid=", &tail)) {
 139       _sun_java_launcher_pid = atoi(tail);
 140       continue;
 141     }
 142   }
 143 }
 144 
 145 // Initialize system properties key and value.
 146 void Arguments::init_system_properties() {
 147 
 148   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.name",
 149                                                                  "Java Virtual Machine Specification",  false));
 150   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.version", VM_Version::vm_release(),  false));
 151   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.name", VM_Version::vm_name(),  false));
 152   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, new SystemProperty("java.vm.info", VM_Version::vm_info_string(),  true));
 153 
 154   // following are JVMTI agent writeable properties.
 155   // Properties values are set to NULL and they are
 156   // os specific they are initialized in os::init_system_properties_values().
 157   _java_ext_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.ext.dirs", NULL,  true);
 158   _java_endorsed_dirs = new SystemProperty("java.endorsed.dirs", NULL,  true);
 159   _sun_boot_library_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.library.path", NULL,  true);
 160   _java_library_path = new SystemProperty("java.library.path", NULL,  true);
 161   _java_home =  new SystemProperty("java.home", NULL,  true);
 162   _sun_boot_class_path = new SystemProperty("sun.boot.class.path", NULL,  true);
 163 
 164   _java_class_path = new SystemProperty("java.class.path", "",  true);
 165 
 166   // Add to System Property list.
 167   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_ext_dirs);
 168   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_endorsed_dirs);
 169   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_library_path);
 170   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_library_path);
 171   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_home);
 172   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _java_class_path);
 173   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties, _sun_boot_class_path);
 174 
 175   // Set OS specific system properties values
 176   os::init_system_properties_values();
 177 }
 178 
 179 
 180   // Update/Initialize System properties after JDK version number is known
 181 void Arguments::init_version_specific_system_properties() {
 182   enum { bufsz = 16 };
 183   char buffer[bufsz];
 184   const char* spec_vendor = "Sun Microsystems Inc.";
 185   uint32_t spec_version = 0;
 186 
 187   if (JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
 188     spec_vendor = "Oracle Corporation";
 189     spec_version = JDK_Version::current().major_version();
 190   }
 191   jio_snprintf(buffer, bufsz, "1." UINT32_FORMAT, spec_version);
 192 
 193   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 194       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.vendor",  spec_vendor, false));
 195   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 196       new SystemProperty("java.vm.specification.version", buffer, false));
 197   PropertyList_add(&_system_properties,
 198       new SystemProperty("java.vm.vendor", VM_Version::vm_vendor(),  false));
 199 }
 200 
 201 /**
 202  * Provide a slightly more user-friendly way of eliminating -XX flags.
 203  * When a flag is eliminated, it can be added to this list in order to
 204  * continue accepting this flag on the command-line, while issuing a warning
 205  * and ignoring the value.  Once the JDK version reaches the 'accept_until'
 206  * limit, we flatly refuse to admit the existence of the flag.  This allows
 207  * a flag to die correctly over JDK releases using HSX.
 208  */
 209 typedef struct {
 210   const char* name;
 211   JDK_Version obsoleted_in; // when the flag went away
 212   JDK_Version accept_until; // which version to start denying the existence
 213 } ObsoleteFlag;
 214 
 215 static ObsoleteFlag obsolete_jvm_flags[] = {
 216   { "UseTrainGC",                    JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 217   { "UseSpecialLargeObjectHandling", JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 218   { "UseOversizedCarHandling",       JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 219   { "TraceCarAllocation",            JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 220   { "PrintTrainGCProcessingStats",   JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 221   { "LogOfCarSpaceSize",             JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 222   { "OversizedCarThreshold",         JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 223   { "MinTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 224   { "DefaultTickInterval",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 225   { "MaxTickInterval",               JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 226   { "DelayTickAdjustment",           JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 227   { "ProcessingToTenuringRatio",     JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 228   { "MinTrainLength",                JDK_Version::jdk(5), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 229   { "AppendRatio",         JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,10), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 230   { "DefaultMaxRAM",       JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 231   { "DefaultInitialRAMFraction",
 232                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,18), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 233   { "UseDepthFirstScavengeOrder",
 234                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,22), JDK_Version::jdk(7) },
 235   { "HandlePromotionFailure",
 236                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 237   { "MaxLiveObjectEvacuationRatio",
 238                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,24), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 239   { "ForceSharedSpaces",   JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,25), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 240   { "UseParallelOldGCCompacting",
 241                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 242   { "UseParallelDensePrefixUpdate",
 243                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 244   { "UseParallelOldGCDensePrefix",
 245                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(6,27), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 246   { "AllowTransitionalJSR292",       JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 247   { "UseCompressedStrings",          JDK_Version::jdk(7), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 248   { "AlwaysInflate",       JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 249   { "AnonymousClasses",    JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 250   { "CMSOldPLABReactivityCeiling",
 251                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 252   { "EventLogLength",      JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 253   { "GCOverheadReporting", JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 254   { "GCOverheadReportingPeriodMS",
 255                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 256   { "HPILibPath",          JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 257   { "PreSpinYield",        JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 258   { "PreBlockSpin",        JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 259   { "PostSpinYield",       JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 260   { "PreserveMarkStackSize",
 261                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 262   { "ReadSpinIterations",  JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 263   { "StressTieredRuntime", JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 264   { "Tier1Inline",         JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 265   { "Tier1FreqInlineSize", JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 266   { "Tier1MaxInlineSize",  JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 267   { "Tier1LoopOptsCount",  JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 268   { "UseSpinning",         JDK_Version::jdk_update(7,40), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 269 #ifdef PRODUCT
 270   { "DesiredMethodLimit",
 271                            JDK_Version::jdk_update(7, 2), JDK_Version::jdk(8) },
 272 #endif // PRODUCT
 273   { NULL, JDK_Version(0), JDK_Version(0) }
 274 };
 275 
 276 // Returns true if the flag is obsolete and fits into the range specified
 277 // for being ignored.  In the case that the flag is ignored, the 'version'
 278 // value is filled in with the version number when the flag became
 279 // obsolete so that that value can be displayed to the user.
 280 bool Arguments::is_newly_obsolete(const char *s, JDK_Version* version) {
 281   int i = 0;
 282   assert(version != NULL, "Must provide a version buffer");
 283   while (obsolete_jvm_flags[i].name != NULL) {
 284     const ObsoleteFlag& flag_status = obsolete_jvm_flags[i];
 285     // <flag>=xxx form
 286     // [-|+]<flag> form
 287     if ((strncmp(flag_status.name, s, strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0) ||
 288         ((s[0] == '+' || s[0] == '-') &&
 289         (strncmp(flag_status.name, &s[1], strlen(flag_status.name)) == 0))) {
 290       if (JDK_Version::current().compare(flag_status.accept_until) == -1) {
 291           *version = flag_status.obsoleted_in;
 292           return true;
 293       }
 294     }
 295     i++;
 296   }
 297   return false;
 298 }
 299 
 300 // Constructs the system class path (aka boot class path) from the following
 301 // components, in order:
 302 //
 303 //     prefix           // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 304 //     endorsed         // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 305 //     base             // from os::get_system_properties() or -Xbootclasspath=
 306 //     suffix           // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 307 //
 308 // java.endorsed.dirs is a list of directories; any jar or zip files in the
 309 // directories are added to the sysclasspath just before the base.
 310 //
 311 // This could be AllStatic, but it isn't needed after argument processing is
 312 // complete.
 313 class SysClassPath: public StackObj {
 314 public:
 315   SysClassPath(const char* base);
 316   ~SysClassPath();
 317 
 318   inline void set_base(const char* base);
 319   inline void add_prefix(const char* prefix);
 320   inline void add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix);
 321   inline void add_suffix(const char* suffix);
 322   inline void reset_path(const char* base);
 323 
 324   // Expand the jar/zip files in each directory listed by the java.endorsed.dirs
 325   // property.  Must be called after all command-line arguments have been
 326   // processed (in particular, -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...) and before calling
 327   // combined_path().
 328   void expand_endorsed();
 329 
 330   inline const char* get_base()     const { return _items[_scp_base]; }
 331   inline const char* get_prefix()   const { return _items[_scp_prefix]; }
 332   inline const char* get_suffix()   const { return _items[_scp_suffix]; }
 333   inline const char* get_endorsed() const { return _items[_scp_endorsed]; }
 334 
 335   // Combine all the components into a single c-heap-allocated string; caller
 336   // must free the string if/when no longer needed.
 337   char* combined_path();
 338 
 339 private:
 340   // Utility routines.
 341   static char* add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend);
 342   static char* add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory);
 343 
 344   inline void reset_item_at(int index);
 345 
 346   // Array indices for the items that make up the sysclasspath.  All except the
 347   // base are allocated in the C heap and freed by this class.
 348   enum {
 349     _scp_prefix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/p:...
 350     _scp_endorsed,      // the expansion of -Djava.endorsed.dirs=...
 351     _scp_base,          // the default sysclasspath
 352     _scp_suffix,        // from -Xbootclasspath/a:...
 353     _scp_nitems         // the number of items, must be last.
 354   };
 355 
 356   const char* _items[_scp_nitems];
 357   DEBUG_ONLY(bool _expansion_done;)
 358 };
 359 
 360 SysClassPath::SysClassPath(const char* base) {
 361   memset(_items, 0, sizeof(_items));
 362   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 363   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 364 }
 365 
 366 SysClassPath::~SysClassPath() {
 367   // Free everything except the base.
 368   for (int i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 369     if (i != _scp_base) reset_item_at(i);
 370   }
 371   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = false;)
 372 }
 373 
 374 inline void SysClassPath::set_base(const char* base) {
 375   _items[_scp_base] = base;
 376 }
 377 
 378 inline void SysClassPath::add_prefix(const char* prefix) {
 379   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], prefix, true);
 380 }
 381 
 382 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix_to_prefix(const char* suffix) {
 383   _items[_scp_prefix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_prefix], suffix, false);
 384 }
 385 
 386 inline void SysClassPath::add_suffix(const char* suffix) {
 387   _items[_scp_suffix] = add_to_path(_items[_scp_suffix], suffix, false);
 388 }
 389 
 390 inline void SysClassPath::reset_item_at(int index) {
 391   assert(index < _scp_nitems && index != _scp_base, "just checking");
 392   if (_items[index] != NULL) {
 393     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, _items[index], mtInternal);
 394     _items[index] = NULL;
 395   }
 396 }
 397 
 398 inline void SysClassPath::reset_path(const char* base) {
 399   // Clear the prefix and suffix.
 400   reset_item_at(_scp_prefix);
 401   reset_item_at(_scp_suffix);
 402   set_base(base);
 403 }
 404 
 405 //------------------------------------------------------------------------------
 406 
 407 void SysClassPath::expand_endorsed() {
 408   assert(_items[_scp_endorsed] == NULL, "can only be called once.");
 409 
 410   const char* path = Arguments::get_property("java.endorsed.dirs");
 411   if (path == NULL) {
 412     path = Arguments::get_endorsed_dir();
 413     assert(path != NULL, "no default for java.endorsed.dirs");
 414   }
 415 
 416   char* expanded_path = NULL;
 417   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 418   const char* const end = path + strlen(path);
 419   while (path < end) {
 420     const char* tmp_end = strchr(path, separator);
 421     if (tmp_end == NULL) {
 422       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, path);
 423       path = end;
 424     } else {
 425       char* dirpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, tmp_end - path + 1, mtInternal);
 426       memcpy(dirpath, path, tmp_end - path);
 427       dirpath[tmp_end - path] = '\0';
 428       expanded_path = add_jars_to_path(expanded_path, dirpath);
 429       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dirpath, mtInternal);
 430       path = tmp_end + 1;
 431     }
 432   }
 433   _items[_scp_endorsed] = expanded_path;
 434   DEBUG_ONLY(_expansion_done = true;)
 435 }
 436 
 437 // Combine the bootclasspath elements, some of which may be null, into a single
 438 // c-heap-allocated string.
 439 char* SysClassPath::combined_path() {
 440   assert(_items[_scp_base] != NULL, "empty default sysclasspath");
 441   assert(_expansion_done, "must call expand_endorsed() first.");
 442 
 443   size_t lengths[_scp_nitems];
 444   size_t total_len = 0;
 445 
 446   const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 447 
 448   // Get the lengths.
 449   int i;
 450   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 451     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 452       lengths[i] = strlen(_items[i]);
 453       // Include space for the separator char (or a NULL for the last item).
 454       total_len += lengths[i] + 1;
 455     }
 456   }
 457   assert(total_len > 0, "empty sysclasspath not allowed");
 458 
 459   // Copy the _items to a single string.
 460   char* cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, total_len, mtInternal);
 461   char* cp_tmp = cp;
 462   for (i = 0; i < _scp_nitems; ++i) {
 463     if (_items[i] != NULL) {
 464       memcpy(cp_tmp, _items[i], lengths[i]);
 465       cp_tmp += lengths[i];
 466       *cp_tmp++ = separator;
 467     }
 468   }
 469   *--cp_tmp = '\0';     // Replace the extra separator.
 470   return cp;
 471 }
 472 
 473 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 474 char*
 475 SysClassPath::add_to_path(const char* path, const char* str, bool prepend) {
 476   char *cp;
 477 
 478   assert(str != NULL, "just checking");
 479   if (path == NULL) {
 480     size_t len = strlen(str) + 1;
 481     cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 482     memcpy(cp, str, len);                       // copy the trailing null
 483   } else {
 484     const char separator = *os::path_separator();
 485     size_t old_len = strlen(path);
 486     size_t str_len = strlen(str);
 487     size_t len = old_len + str_len + 2;
 488 
 489     if (prepend) {
 490       cp = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len, mtInternal);
 491       char* cp_tmp = cp;
 492       memcpy(cp_tmp, str, str_len);
 493       cp_tmp += str_len;
 494       *cp_tmp = separator;
 495       memcpy(++cp_tmp, path, old_len + 1);      // copy the trailing null
 496       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, mtInternal);
 497     } else {
 498       cp = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, path, len, mtInternal);
 499       char* cp_tmp = cp + old_len;
 500       *cp_tmp = separator;
 501       memcpy(++cp_tmp, str, str_len + 1);       // copy the trailing null
 502     }
 503   }
 504   return cp;
 505 }
 506 
 507 // Scan the directory and append any jar or zip files found to path.
 508 // Note:  path must be c-heap-allocated (or NULL); it is freed if non-null.
 509 char* SysClassPath::add_jars_to_path(char* path, const char* directory) {
 510   DIR* dir = os::opendir(directory);
 511   if (dir == NULL) return path;
 512 
 513   char dir_sep[2] = { '\0', '\0' };
 514   size_t directory_len = strlen(directory);
 515   const char fileSep = *os::file_separator();
 516   if (directory[directory_len - 1] != fileSep) dir_sep[0] = fileSep;
 517 
 518   /* Scan the directory for jars/zips, appending them to path. */
 519   struct dirent *entry;
 520   char *dbuf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, os::readdir_buf_size(directory), mtInternal);
 521   while ((entry = os::readdir(dir, (dirent *) dbuf)) != NULL) {
 522     const char* name = entry->d_name;
 523     const char* ext = name + strlen(name) - 4;
 524     bool isJarOrZip = ext > name &&
 525       (os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".jar") == 0 ||
 526        os::file_name_strcmp(ext, ".zip") == 0);
 527     if (isJarOrZip) {
 528       char* jarpath = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, directory_len + 2 + strlen(name), mtInternal);
 529       sprintf(jarpath, "%s%s%s", directory, dir_sep, name);
 530       path = add_to_path(path, jarpath, false);
 531       FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, jarpath, mtInternal);
 532     }
 533   }
 534   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, dbuf, mtInternal);
 535   os::closedir(dir);
 536   return path;
 537 }
 538 
 539 // Parses a memory size specification string.
 540 static bool atomull(const char *s, julong* result) {
 541   julong n = 0;
 542   int args_read = sscanf(s, os::julong_format_specifier(), &n);
 543   if (args_read != 1) {
 544     return false;
 545   }
 546   while (*s != '\0' && isdigit(*s)) {
 547     s++;
 548   }
 549   // 4705540: illegal if more characters are found after the first non-digit
 550   if (strlen(s) > 1) {
 551     return false;
 552   }
 553   switch (*s) {
 554     case 'T': case 't':
 555       *result = n * G * K;
 556       // Check for overflow.
 557       if (*result/((julong)G * K) != n) return false;
 558       return true;
 559     case 'G': case 'g':
 560       *result = n * G;
 561       if (*result/G != n) return false;
 562       return true;
 563     case 'M': case 'm':
 564       *result = n * M;
 565       if (*result/M != n) return false;
 566       return true;
 567     case 'K': case 'k':
 568       *result = n * K;
 569       if (*result/K != n) return false;
 570       return true;
 571     case '\0':
 572       *result = n;
 573       return true;
 574     default:
 575       return false;
 576   }
 577 }
 578 
 579 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::check_memory_size(julong size, julong min_size) {
 580   if (size < min_size) return arg_too_small;
 581   // Check that size will fit in a size_t (only relevant on 32-bit)
 582   if (size > max_uintx) return arg_too_big;
 583   return arg_in_range;
 584 }
 585 
 586 // Describe an argument out of range error
 587 void Arguments::describe_range_error(ArgsRange errcode) {
 588   switch(errcode) {
 589   case arg_too_big:
 590     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 591                 "The specified size exceeds the maximum "
 592                 "representable size.\n");
 593     break;
 594   case arg_too_small:
 595   case arg_unreadable:
 596   case arg_in_range:
 597     // do nothing for now
 598     break;
 599   default:
 600     ShouldNotReachHere();
 601   }
 602 }
 603 
 604 static bool set_bool_flag(char* name, bool value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 605   return CommandLineFlags::boolAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 606 }
 607 
 608 static bool set_fp_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 609   double v;
 610   if (sscanf(value, "%lf", &v) != 1) {
 611     return false;
 612   }
 613 
 614   if (CommandLineFlags::doubleAtPut(name, &v, origin)) {
 615     return true;
 616   }
 617   return false;
 618 }
 619 
 620 static bool set_numeric_flag(char* name, char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 621   julong v;
 622   intx intx_v;
 623   bool is_neg = false;
 624   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
 625   if (*value == '-') {
 626     if (!CommandLineFlags::intxAt(name, &intx_v)) {
 627       return false;
 628     }
 629     value++;
 630     is_neg = true;
 631   }
 632   if (!atomull(value, &v)) {
 633     return false;
 634   }
 635   intx_v = (intx) v;
 636   if (is_neg) {
 637     intx_v = -intx_v;
 638   }
 639   if (CommandLineFlags::intxAtPut(name, &intx_v, origin)) {
 640     return true;
 641   }
 642   uintx uintx_v = (uintx) v;
 643   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uintxAtPut(name, &uintx_v, origin)) {
 644     return true;
 645   }
 646   uint64_t uint64_t_v = (uint64_t) v;
 647   if (!is_neg && CommandLineFlags::uint64_tAtPut(name, &uint64_t_v, origin)) {
 648     return true;
 649   }
 650   return false;
 651 }
 652 
 653 static bool set_string_flag(char* name, const char* value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 654   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin))  return false;
 655   // Contract:  CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 656   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 657   return true;
 658 }
 659 
 660 static bool append_to_string_flag(char* name, const char* new_value, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 661   const char* old_value = "";
 662   if (!CommandLineFlags::ccstrAt(name, &old_value))  return false;
 663   size_t old_len = old_value != NULL ? strlen(old_value) : 0;
 664   size_t new_len = strlen(new_value);
 665   const char* value;
 666   char* free_this_too = NULL;
 667   if (old_len == 0) {
 668     value = new_value;
 669   } else if (new_len == 0) {
 670     value = old_value;
 671   } else {
 672     char* buf = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, old_len + 1 + new_len + 1, mtInternal);
 673     // each new setting adds another LINE to the switch:
 674     sprintf(buf, "%s\n%s", old_value, new_value);
 675     value = buf;
 676     free_this_too = buf;
 677   }
 678   (void) CommandLineFlags::ccstrAtPut(name, &value, origin);
 679   // CommandLineFlags always returns a pointer that needs freeing.
 680   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, value, mtInternal);
 681   if (free_this_too != NULL) {
 682     // CommandLineFlags made its own copy, so I must delete my own temp. buffer.
 683     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, free_this_too, mtInternal);
 684   }
 685   return true;
 686 }
 687 
 688 bool Arguments::parse_argument(const char* arg, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 689 
 690   // range of acceptable characters spelled out for portability reasons
 691 #define NAME_RANGE  "[abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ0123456789_]"
 692 #define BUFLEN 255
 693   char name[BUFLEN+1];
 694   char dummy;
 695 
 696   if (sscanf(arg, "-%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 697     return set_bool_flag(name, false, origin);
 698   }
 699   if (sscanf(arg, "+%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &dummy) == 1) {
 700     return set_bool_flag(name, true, origin);
 701   }
 702 
 703   char punct;
 704   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 705     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 706     Flag* flag = Flag::find_flag(name, strlen(name));
 707     if (flag != NULL && flag->is_ccstr()) {
 708       if (flag->ccstr_accumulates()) {
 709         return append_to_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 710       } else {
 711         if (value[0] == '\0') {
 712           value = NULL;
 713         }
 714         return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 715       }
 716     }
 717   }
 718 
 719   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE ":%c", name, &punct) == 2 && punct == '=') {
 720     const char* value = strchr(arg, '=') + 1;
 721     // -XX:Foo:=xxx will reset the string flag to the given value.
 722     if (value[0] == '\0') {
 723       value = NULL;
 724     }
 725     return set_string_flag(name, value, origin);
 726   }
 727 
 728 #define SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "[-0123456789.]"
 729 #define SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE    "[-0123456789]"
 730 #define        NUMBER_RANGE    "[0123456789]"
 731   char value[BUFLEN + 1];
 732   char value2[BUFLEN + 1];
 733   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_NUMBER_RANGE "." "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, value2, &dummy) == 3) {
 734     // Looks like a floating-point number -- try again with more lenient format string
 735     if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) SIGNED_FP_NUMBER_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 736       return set_fp_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 737     }
 738   }
 739 
 740 #define VALUE_RANGE "[-kmgtKMGT0123456789]"
 741   if (sscanf(arg, "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) NAME_RANGE "=" "%" XSTR(BUFLEN) VALUE_RANGE "%c", name, value, &dummy) == 2) {
 742     return set_numeric_flag(name, value, origin);
 743   }
 744 
 745   return false;
 746 }
 747 
 748 void Arguments::add_string(char*** bldarray, int* count, const char* arg) {
 749   assert(bldarray != NULL, "illegal argument");
 750 
 751   if (arg == NULL) {
 752     return;
 753   }
 754 
 755   int index = *count;
 756 
 757   // expand the array and add arg to the last element
 758   (*count)++;
 759   if (*bldarray == NULL) {
 760     *bldarray = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *count, mtInternal);
 761   } else {
 762     *bldarray = REALLOC_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char*, *bldarray, *count, mtInternal);
 763   }
 764   (*bldarray)[index] = strdup(arg);
 765 }
 766 
 767 void Arguments::build_jvm_args(const char* arg) {
 768   add_string(&_jvm_args_array, &_num_jvm_args, arg);
 769 }
 770 
 771 void Arguments::build_jvm_flags(const char* arg) {
 772   add_string(&_jvm_flags_array, &_num_jvm_flags, arg);
 773 }
 774 
 775 // utility function to return a string that concatenates all
 776 // strings in a given char** array
 777 const char* Arguments::build_resource_string(char** args, int count) {
 778   if (args == NULL || count == 0) {
 779     return NULL;
 780   }
 781   size_t length = strlen(args[0]) + 1; // add 1 for the null terminator
 782   for (int i = 1; i < count; i++) {
 783     length += strlen(args[i]) + 1; // add 1 for a space
 784   }
 785   char* s = NEW_RESOURCE_ARRAY(char, length);
 786   strcpy(s, args[0]);
 787   for (int j = 1; j < count; j++) {
 788     strcat(s, " ");
 789     strcat(s, args[j]);
 790   }
 791   return (const char*) s;
 792 }
 793 
 794 void Arguments::print_on(outputStream* st) {
 795   st->print_cr("VM Arguments:");
 796   if (num_jvm_flags() > 0) {
 797     st->print("jvm_flags: "); print_jvm_flags_on(st);
 798   }
 799   if (num_jvm_args() > 0) {
 800     st->print("jvm_args: "); print_jvm_args_on(st);
 801   }
 802   st->print_cr("java_command: %s", java_command() ? java_command() : "<unknown>");
 803   st->print_cr("Launcher Type: %s", _sun_java_launcher);
 804 }
 805 
 806 void Arguments::print_jvm_flags_on(outputStream* st) {
 807   if (_num_jvm_flags > 0) {
 808     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_flags; i++) {
 809       st->print("%s ", _jvm_flags_array[i]);
 810     }
 811     st->print_cr("");
 812   }
 813 }
 814 
 815 void Arguments::print_jvm_args_on(outputStream* st) {
 816   if (_num_jvm_args > 0) {
 817     for (int i=0; i < _num_jvm_args; i++) {
 818       st->print("%s ", _jvm_args_array[i]);
 819     }
 820     st->print_cr("");
 821   }
 822 }
 823 
 824 bool Arguments::process_argument(const char* arg,
 825     jboolean ignore_unrecognized, FlagValueOrigin origin) {
 826 
 827   JDK_Version since = JDK_Version();
 828 
 829   if (parse_argument(arg, origin) || ignore_unrecognized) {
 830     return true;
 831   }
 832 
 833   bool has_plus_minus = (*arg == '+' || *arg == '-');
 834   const char* const argname = has_plus_minus ? arg + 1 : arg;
 835   if (is_newly_obsolete(arg, &since)) {
 836     char version[256];
 837     since.to_string(version, sizeof(version));
 838     warning("ignoring option %s; support was removed in %s", argname, version);
 839     return true;
 840   }
 841 
 842   // For locked flags, report a custom error message if available.
 843   // Otherwise, report a standard VM option message.
 844 
 845   size_t arg_len;
 846   const char* equal_sign = strchr(argname, '=');
 847   if (equal_sign == NULL) {
 848     arg_len = strlen(argname);
 849   } else {
 850     arg_len = equal_sign - argname;
 851   }
 852 
 853   Flag* found_flag = Flag::find_flag((char*)argname, arg_len, true);
 854   if (found_flag != NULL) {
 855     char locked_message_buf[BUFLEN];
 856     found_flag->get_locked_message(locked_message_buf, BUFLEN);
 857     if (strlen(locked_message_buf) == 0) {
 858      if (found_flag->is_bool() && !has_plus_minus) {
 859         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 860                     "Missing +/- setting for VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 861       } else if (!found_flag->is_bool() && has_plus_minus) {
 862         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 863                     "Unexpected +/- setting in VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 864       } else {
 865         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 866                     "Improperly specified VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 867       }
 868     } else {
 869       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(), "%s", locked_message_buf);
 870     }
 871   } else {
 872     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 873                 "Unrecognized VM option '%s'\n", argname);
 874   }
 875 
 876   // allow for commandline "commenting out" options like -XX:#+Verbose
 877   return arg[0] == '#';
 878 }
 879 
 880 bool Arguments::process_settings_file(const char* file_name, bool should_exist, jboolean ignore_unrecognized) {
 881   FILE* stream = fopen(file_name, "rb");
 882   if (stream == NULL) {
 883     if (should_exist) {
 884       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
 885                   "Could not open settings file %s\n", file_name);
 886       return false;
 887     } else {
 888       return true;
 889     }
 890   }
 891 
 892   char token[1024];
 893   int  pos = 0;
 894 
 895   bool in_white_space = true;
 896   bool in_comment     = false;
 897   bool in_quote       = false;
 898   char quote_c        = 0;
 899   bool result         = true;
 900 
 901   int c = getc(stream);
 902   while(c != EOF && pos < (int)(sizeof(token)-1)) {
 903     if (in_white_space) {
 904       if (in_comment) {
 905         if (c == '\n') in_comment = false;
 906       } else {
 907         if (c == '#') in_comment = true;
 908         else if (!isspace(c)) {
 909           in_white_space = false;
 910           token[pos++] = c;
 911         }
 912       }
 913     } else {
 914       if (c == '\n' || (!in_quote && isspace(c))) {
 915         // token ends at newline, or at unquoted whitespace
 916         // this allows a way to include spaces in string-valued options
 917         token[pos] = '\0';
 918         logOption(token);
 919         result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, CONFIG_FILE);
 920         build_jvm_flags(token);
 921         pos = 0;
 922         in_white_space = true;
 923         in_quote = false;
 924       } else if (!in_quote && (c == '\'' || c == '"')) {
 925         in_quote = true;
 926         quote_c = c;
 927       } else if (in_quote && (c == quote_c)) {
 928         in_quote = false;
 929       } else {
 930         token[pos++] = c;
 931       }
 932     }
 933     c = getc(stream);
 934   }
 935   if (pos > 0) {
 936     token[pos] = '\0';
 937     result &= process_argument(token, ignore_unrecognized, CONFIG_FILE);
 938     build_jvm_flags(token);
 939   }
 940   fclose(stream);
 941   return result;
 942 }
 943 
 944 //=============================================================================================================
 945 // Parsing of properties (-D)
 946 
 947 const char* Arguments::get_property(const char* key) {
 948   return PropertyList_get_value(system_properties(), key);
 949 }
 950 
 951 bool Arguments::add_property(const char* prop) {
 952   const char* eq = strchr(prop, '=');
 953   char* key;
 954   // ns must be static--its address may be stored in a SystemProperty object.
 955   const static char ns[1] = {0};
 956   char* value = (char *)ns;
 957 
 958   size_t key_len = (eq == NULL) ? strlen(prop) : (eq - prop);
 959   key = AllocateHeap(key_len + 1, mtInternal);
 960   strncpy(key, prop, key_len);
 961   key[key_len] = '\0';
 962 
 963   if (eq != NULL) {
 964     size_t value_len = strlen(prop) - key_len - 1;
 965     value = AllocateHeap(value_len + 1, mtInternal);
 966     strncpy(value, &prop[key_len + 1], value_len + 1);
 967   }
 968 
 969   if (strcmp(key, "java.compiler") == 0) {
 970     process_java_compiler_argument(value);
 971     FreeHeap(key);
 972     if (eq != NULL) {
 973       FreeHeap(value);
 974     }
 975     return true;
 976   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.command") == 0) {
 977     _java_command = value;
 978 
 979     // Record value in Arguments, but let it get passed to Java.
 980   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.java.launcher.pid") == 0) {
 981     // launcher.pid property is private and is processed
 982     // in process_sun_java_launcher_properties();
 983     // the sun.java.launcher property is passed on to the java application
 984     FreeHeap(key);
 985     if (eq != NULL) {
 986       FreeHeap(value);
 987     }
 988     return true;
 989   } else if (strcmp(key, "java.vendor.url.bug") == 0) {
 990     // save it in _java_vendor_url_bug, so JVM fatal error handler can access
 991     // its value without going through the property list or making a Java call.
 992     _java_vendor_url_bug = value;
 993   } else if (strcmp(key, "sun.boot.library.path") == 0) {
 994     PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value, true);
 995     return true;
 996   }
 997   // Create new property and add at the end of the list
 998   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, key, value);
 999   return true;
1000 }
1001 
1002 //===========================================================================================================
1003 // Setting int/mixed/comp mode flags
1004 
1005 void Arguments::set_mode_flags(Mode mode) {
1006   // Set up default values for all flags.
1007   // If you add a flag to any of the branches below,
1008   // add a default value for it here.
1009   set_java_compiler(false);
1010   _mode                      = mode;
1011 
1012   // Ensure Agent_OnLoad has the correct initial values.
1013   // This may not be the final mode; mode may change later in onload phase.
1014   PropertyList_unique_add(&_system_properties, "java.vm.info",
1015                           (char*)VM_Version::vm_info_string(), false);
1016 
1017   UseInterpreter             = true;
1018   UseCompiler                = true;
1019   UseLoopCounter             = true;
1020 
1021 #ifndef ZERO
1022   // Turn these off for mixed and comp.  Leave them on for Zero.
1023   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastAccessorMethods)) {
1024     UseFastAccessorMethods = (mode == _int);
1025   }
1026   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseFastEmptyMethods)) {
1027     UseFastEmptyMethods = (mode == _int);
1028   }
1029 #endif
1030 
1031   // Default values may be platform/compiler dependent -
1032   // use the saved values
1033   ClipInlining               = Arguments::_ClipInlining;
1034   AlwaysCompileLoopMethods   = Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
1035   UseOnStackReplacement      = Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement;
1036   BackgroundCompilation      = Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation;
1037 
1038   // Change from defaults based on mode
1039   switch (mode) {
1040   default:
1041     ShouldNotReachHere();
1042     break;
1043   case _int:
1044     UseCompiler              = false;
1045     UseLoopCounter           = false;
1046     AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = false;
1047     UseOnStackReplacement    = false;
1048     break;
1049   case _mixed:
1050     // same as default
1051     break;
1052   case _comp:
1053     UseInterpreter           = false;
1054     BackgroundCompilation    = false;
1055     ClipInlining             = false;
1056     // Be much more aggressive in tiered mode with -Xcomp and exercise C2 more.
1057     // We will first compile a level 3 version (C1 with full profiling), then do one invocation of it and
1058     // compile a level 4 (C2) and then continue executing it.
1059     if (TieredCompilation) {
1060       Tier3InvokeNotifyFreqLog = 0;
1061       Tier4InvocationThreshold = 0;
1062     }
1063     break;
1064   }
1065 }
1066 
1067 // Conflict: required to use shared spaces (-Xshare:on), but
1068 // incompatible command line options were chosen.
1069 
1070 static void no_shared_spaces() {
1071   if (RequireSharedSpaces) {
1072     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1073       "Class data sharing is inconsistent with other specified options.\n");
1074     vm_exit_during_initialization("Unable to use shared archive.", NULL);
1075   } else {
1076     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
1077   }
1078 }
1079 
1080 void Arguments::set_tiered_flags() {
1081   // With tiered, set default policy to AdvancedThresholdPolicy, which is 3.
1082   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice)) {
1083     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CompilationPolicyChoice, 3);
1084   }
1085   if (CompilationPolicyChoice < 2) {
1086     vm_exit_during_initialization(
1087       "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
1088   }
1089   // Increase the code cache size - tiered compiles a lot more.
1090   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize)) {
1091     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ReservedCodeCacheSize, ReservedCodeCacheSize * 2);
1092   }
1093 }
1094 
1095 static void disable_adaptive_size_policy(const char* collector_name) {
1096   if (UseAdaptiveSizePolicy) {
1097     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy)) {
1098       warning("disabling UseAdaptiveSizePolicy; it is incompatible with %s.",
1099               collector_name);
1100     }
1101     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseAdaptiveSizePolicy, false);
1102   }
1103 }
1104 
1105 // If the user has chosen ParallelGCThreads > 0, we set UseParNewGC
1106 // if it's not explictly set or unset. If the user has chosen
1107 // UseParNewGC and not explicitly set ParallelGCThreads we
1108 // set it, unless this is a single cpu machine.
1109 void Arguments::set_parnew_gc_flags() {
1110   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC && !UseG1GC,
1111          "control point invariant");
1112   assert(UseParNewGC, "Error");
1113 
1114   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy for parnew until it is complete.
1115   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseParNewGC");
1116 
1117   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1118     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1119                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1120     if (ParallelGCThreads == 1) {
1121       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC, false);
1122       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads, 0);
1123     }
1124   }
1125   if (UseParNewGC) {
1126     // CDS doesn't work with ParNew yet
1127     no_shared_spaces();
1128 
1129     // By default YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize are set to 4096 and 1024 respectively,
1130     // these settings are default for Parallel Scavenger. For ParNew+Tenured configuration
1131     // we set them to 1024 and 1024.
1132     // See CR 6362902.
1133     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize)) {
1134       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(YoungPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1135     }
1136     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1137       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize, (intx)1024);
1138     }
1139 
1140     // AlwaysTenure flag should make ParNew promote all at first collection.
1141     // See CR 6362902.
1142     if (AlwaysTenure) {
1143       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, MaxTenuringThreshold, 0);
1144     }
1145     // When using compressed oops, we use local overflow stacks,
1146     // rather than using a global overflow list chained through
1147     // the klass word of the object's pre-image.
1148     if (UseCompressedOops && !ParGCUseLocalOverflow) {
1149       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow)) {
1150         warning("Forcing +ParGCUseLocalOverflow: needed if using compressed references");
1151       }
1152       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParGCUseLocalOverflow, true);
1153     }
1154     assert(ParGCUseLocalOverflow || !UseCompressedOops, "Error");
1155   }
1156 }
1157 
1158 // Adjust some sizes to suit CMS and/or ParNew needs; these work well on
1159 // sparc/solaris for certain applications, but would gain from
1160 // further optimization and tuning efforts, and would almost
1161 // certainly gain from analysis of platform and environment.
1162 void Arguments::set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags() {
1163   assert(!UseSerialGC && !UseParallelOldGC && !UseParallelGC, "Error");
1164   assert(UseConcMarkSweepGC, "CMS is expected to be on here");
1165 
1166   // If we are using CMS, we prefer to UseParNewGC,
1167   // unless explicitly forbidden.
1168   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC)) {
1169     FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParNewGC, true);
1170   }
1171 
1172   // Turn off AdaptiveSizePolicy for CMS until it is complete.
1173   disable_adaptive_size_policy("UseConcMarkSweepGC");
1174 
1175   // In either case, adjust ParallelGCThreads and/or UseParNewGC
1176   // as needed.
1177   if (UseParNewGC) {
1178     set_parnew_gc_flags();
1179   }
1180 
1181   size_t max_heap = align_size_down(MaxHeapSize,
1182                                     CardTableRS::ct_max_alignment_constraint());
1183 
1184   // Now make adjustments for CMS
1185   intx   tenuring_default = (intx)6;
1186   size_t young_gen_per_worker = CMSYoungGenPerWorker;
1187 
1188   // Preferred young gen size for "short" pauses:
1189   // upper bound depends on # of threads and NewRatio.
1190   const uintx parallel_gc_threads =
1191     (ParallelGCThreads == 0 ? 1 : ParallelGCThreads);
1192   const size_t preferred_max_new_size_unaligned =
1193     MIN2(max_heap/(NewRatio+1), ScaleForWordSize(young_gen_per_worker * parallel_gc_threads));
1194   size_t preferred_max_new_size =
1195     align_size_up(preferred_max_new_size_unaligned, os::vm_page_size());
1196 
1197   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size young gen
1198   // for "short" pauses ~ CMSYoungGenPerWorker*ParallelGCThreads
1199 
1200   // If either MaxNewSize or NewRatio is set on the command line,
1201   // assume the user is trying to set the size of the young gen.
1202   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNewSize) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewRatio)) {
1203 
1204     // Set MaxNewSize to our calculated preferred_max_new_size unless
1205     // NewSize was set on the command line and it is larger than
1206     // preferred_max_new_size.
1207     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {   // NewSize explicitly set at command-line
1208       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, MAX2(NewSize, preferred_max_new_size));
1209     } else {
1210       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxNewSize, preferred_max_new_size);
1211     }
1212     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1213       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1214       tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set MaxNewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, MaxNewSize);
1215     }
1216 
1217     // Code along this path potentially sets NewSize and OldSize
1218     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1219       // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1220       tty->print_cr("CMS set min_heap_size: " SIZE_FORMAT
1221            " initial_heap_size:  " SIZE_FORMAT
1222            " max_heap: " SIZE_FORMAT,
1223            min_heap_size(), InitialHeapSize, max_heap);
1224     }
1225     size_t min_new = preferred_max_new_size;
1226     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewSize)) {
1227       min_new = NewSize;
1228     }
1229     if (max_heap > min_new && min_heap_size() > min_new) {
1230       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, make young gen
1231       // at least min_new, and at most preferred_max_new_size.
1232       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
1233         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MAX2(NewSize, min_new));
1234         FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, NewSize, MIN2(preferred_max_new_size, NewSize));
1235         if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1236           // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1237           tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set NewSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, NewSize);
1238         }
1239       }
1240       // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, size old gen
1241       // so it's NewRatio x of NewSize.
1242       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldSize)) {
1243         if (max_heap > NewSize) {
1244           FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldSize, MIN2(NewRatio*NewSize, max_heap - NewSize));
1245           if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1246             // Too early to use gclog_or_tty
1247             tty->print_cr("CMS ergo set OldSize: " SIZE_FORMAT, OldSize);
1248           }
1249         }
1250       }
1251     }
1252   }
1253   // Unless explicitly requested otherwise, definitely
1254   // promote all objects surviving "tenuring_default" scavenges.
1255   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxTenuringThreshold) &&
1256       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1257     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, MaxTenuringThreshold, tenuring_default);
1258   }
1259   // If we decided above (or user explicitly requested)
1260   // `promote all' (via MaxTenuringThreshold := 0),
1261   // prefer minuscule survivor spaces so as not to waste
1262   // space for (non-existent) survivors
1263   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio) && MaxTenuringThreshold == 0) {
1264     FLAG_SET_ERGO(intx, SurvivorRatio, MAX2((intx)1024, SurvivorRatio));
1265   }
1266   // If OldPLABSize is set and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is not,
1267   // set CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim equal to OldPLABSize.
1268   // This is done in order to make ParNew+CMS configuration to work
1269   // with YoungPLABSize and OldPLABSize options.
1270   // See CR 6362902.
1271   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABSize)) {
1272     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1273       // OldPLABSize is not the default value but CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim
1274       // is.  In this situtation let CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim follow
1275       // the value (either from the command line or ergonomics) of
1276       // OldPLABSize.  Following OldPLABSize is an ergonomics decision.
1277       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, OldPLABSize);
1278     } else {
1279       // OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim are both set.
1280       // CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim is a collector-specific flag, so
1281       // we'll let it to take precedence.
1282       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1283                   "Both OldPLABSize and CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim"
1284                   " options are specified for the CMS collector."
1285                   " CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim will take precedence.\n");
1286     }
1287   }
1288   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ResizeOldPLAB) && !ResizeOldPLAB) {
1289     // OldPLAB sizing manually turned off: Use a larger default setting,
1290     // unless it was manually specified. This is because a too-low value
1291     // will slow down scavenges.
1292     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim)) {
1293       FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, 50); // default value before 6631166
1294     }
1295   }
1296   // Overwrite OldPLABSize which is the variable we will internally use everywhere.
1297   FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, OldPLABSize, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim);
1298   // If either of the static initialization defaults have changed, note this
1299   // modification.
1300   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim) || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OldPLABWeight)) {
1301     CFLS_LAB::modify_initialization(OldPLABSize, OldPLABWeight);
1302   }
1303   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1304     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1305       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1306     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1307   }
1308 }
1309 
1310 void set_object_alignment() {
1311   // Object alignment.
1312   assert(is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes), "ObjectAlignmentInBytes must be power of 2");
1313   MinObjAlignmentInBytes     = ObjectAlignmentInBytes;
1314   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes >= HeapWordsPerLong * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is too small");
1315   MinObjAlignment            = MinObjAlignmentInBytes / HeapWordSize;
1316   assert(MinObjAlignmentInBytes == MinObjAlignment * HeapWordSize, "ObjectAlignmentInBytes value is incorrect");
1317   MinObjAlignmentInBytesMask = MinObjAlignmentInBytes - 1;
1318 
1319   LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes  = exact_log2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1320   LogMinObjAlignment         = LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes - LogHeapWordSize;
1321 
1322   // Oop encoding heap max
1323   OopEncodingHeapMax = (uint64_t(max_juint) + 1) << LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1324 
1325   // Set CMS global values
1326   CompactibleFreeListSpace::set_cms_values();
1327 }
1328 
1329 bool verify_object_alignment() {
1330   // Object alignment.
1331   if (!is_power_of_2(ObjectAlignmentInBytes)) {
1332     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1333                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be power of 2\n",
1334                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1335     return false;
1336   }
1337   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes < BytesPerLong) {
1338     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1339                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be greater or equal %d\n",
1340                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, BytesPerLong);
1341     return false;
1342   }
1343   // It does not make sense to have big object alignment
1344   // since a space lost due to alignment will be greater
1345   // then a saved space from compressed oops.
1346   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes > 256) {
1347     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1348                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must not be greater then 256\n",
1349                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes);
1350     return false;
1351   }
1352   // In case page size is very small.
1353   if ((int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes >= os::vm_page_size()) {
1354     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1355                 "error: ObjectAlignmentInBytes=%d must be less then page size %d\n",
1356                 (int)ObjectAlignmentInBytes, os::vm_page_size());
1357     return false;
1358   }
1359   return true;
1360 }
1361 
1362 inline uintx max_heap_for_compressed_oops() {
1363   // Avoid sign flip.
1364   if (OopEncodingHeapMax < MaxPermSize + os::vm_page_size()) {
1365     return 0;
1366   }
1367   LP64_ONLY(return OopEncodingHeapMax - MaxPermSize - os::vm_page_size());
1368   NOT_LP64(ShouldNotReachHere(); return 0);
1369 }
1370 
1371 bool Arguments::should_auto_select_low_pause_collector() {
1372   if (UseAutoGCSelectPolicy &&
1373       !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxGCPauseMillis) &&
1374       (MaxGCPauseMillis <= AutoGCSelectPauseMillis)) {
1375     if (PrintGCDetails) {
1376       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1377       tty->print_cr("Automatic selection of the low pause collector"
1378        " based on pause goal of %d (ms)", MaxGCPauseMillis);
1379     }
1380     return true;
1381   }
1382   return false;
1383 }
1384 
1385 void Arguments::set_ergonomics_flags() {
1386   // Parallel GC is not compatible with sharing. If one specifies
1387   // that they want sharing explicitly, do not set ergonomics flags.
1388   if (DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces) {
1389     return;
1390   }
1391 
1392   if (os::is_server_class_machine()) {
1393     // If no other collector is requested explicitly,
1394     // let the VM select the collector based on
1395     // machine class and automatic selection policy.
1396     if (!UseSerialGC &&
1397         !UseConcMarkSweepGC &&
1398         !UseG1GC &&
1399         !UseParNewGC &&
1400         !DumpSharedSpaces &&
1401         FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC)) {
1402       if (should_auto_select_low_pause_collector()) {
1403         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
1404       } else {
1405         FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
1406       }
1407       no_shared_spaces();
1408     }
1409   }
1410 
1411 #ifndef ZERO
1412 #ifdef _LP64
1413   // Check that UseCompressedOops can be set with the max heap size allocated
1414   // by ergonomics.
1415   if (MaxHeapSize <= max_heap_for_compressed_oops()) {
1416 #if !defined(COMPILER1) || defined(TIERED)
1417     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1418       FLAG_SET_ERGO(bool, UseCompressedOops, true);
1419     }
1420 #endif
1421 #ifdef _WIN64
1422     if (UseLargePages && UseCompressedOops) {
1423       // Cannot allocate guard pages for implicit checks in indexed addressing
1424       // mode, when large pages are specified on windows.
1425       // This flag could be switched ON if narrow oop base address is set to 0,
1426       // see code in Universe::initialize_heap().
1427       Universe::set_narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks(false);
1428     }
1429 #endif //  _WIN64
1430   } else {
1431     if (UseCompressedOops && !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops)) {
1432       warning("Max heap size too large for Compressed Oops");
1433       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false);
1434     }
1435   }
1436   // Also checks that certain machines are slower with compressed oops
1437   // in vm_version initialization code.
1438 #endif // _LP64
1439 #endif // !ZERO
1440 }
1441 
1442 void Arguments::set_parallel_gc_flags() {
1443   assert(UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC, "Error");
1444   // Enable ParallelOld unless it was explicitly disabled (cmd line or rc file).
1445   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC)) {
1446     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, true);
1447   }
1448   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, true);
1449 
1450   // If no heap maximum was requested explicitly, use some reasonable fraction
1451   // of the physical memory, up to a maximum of 1GB.
1452   if (UseParallelGC) {
1453     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1454                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1455 
1456     // If InitialSurvivorRatio or MinSurvivorRatio were not specified, but the
1457     // SurvivorRatio has been set, reset their default values to SurvivorRatio +
1458     // 2.  By doing this we make SurvivorRatio also work for Parallel Scavenger.
1459     // See CR 6362902 for details.
1460     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(SurvivorRatio)) {
1461       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio)) {
1462          FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(InitialSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1463       }
1464       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio)) {
1465         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinSurvivorRatio, SurvivorRatio + 2);
1466       }
1467     }
1468 
1469     if (UseParallelOldGC) {
1470       // Par compact uses lower default values since they are treated as
1471       // minimums.  These are different defaults because of the different
1472       // interpretation and are not ergonomically set.
1473       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1474         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkSweepDeadRatio, 1);
1475       }
1476       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PermMarkSweepDeadRatio)) {
1477         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PermMarkSweepDeadRatio, 5);
1478       }
1479     }
1480   }
1481   if (UseNUMA) {
1482     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes)) {
1483       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MinHeapDeltaBytes, 64*M);
1484     }
1485     // For those collectors or operating systems (eg, Windows) that do
1486     // not support full UseNUMA, we will map to UseNUMAInterleaving for now
1487     UseNUMAInterleaving = true;
1488   }
1489 }
1490 
1491 void Arguments::set_g1_gc_flags() {
1492   assert(UseG1GC, "Error");
1493 #ifdef COMPILER1
1494   FastTLABRefill = false;
1495 #endif
1496   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1497                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1498   if (ParallelGCThreads == 0) {
1499     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
1500                      Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
1501   }
1502   no_shared_spaces();
1503 
1504   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkStackSize)) {
1505     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MarkStackSize, 128 * TASKQUEUE_SIZE);
1506   }
1507   if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1508     tty->print_cr("MarkStackSize: %uk  MarkStackSizeMax: %uk",
1509       MarkStackSize / K, MarkStackSizeMax / K);
1510     tty->print_cr("ConcGCThreads: %u", ConcGCThreads);
1511   }
1512 
1513   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio) || GCTimeRatio == 0) {
1514     // In G1, we want the default GC overhead goal to be higher than
1515     // say in PS. So we set it here to 10%. Otherwise the heap might
1516     // be expanded more aggressively than we would like it to. In
1517     // fact, even 10% seems to not be high enough in some cases
1518     // (especially small GC stress tests that the main thing they do
1519     // is allocation). We might consider increase it further.
1520     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(GCTimeRatio, 9);
1521   }
1522 }
1523 
1524 void Arguments::set_heap_base_min_address() {
1525   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress) && UseG1GC && HeapBaseMinAddress < 1*G) {
1526     // By default HeapBaseMinAddress is 2G on all platforms except Solaris x86.
1527     // G1 currently needs a lot of C-heap, so on Solaris we have to give G1
1528     // some extra space for the C-heap compared to other collectors.
1529     // Use FLAG_SET_DEFAULT here rather than FLAG_SET_ERGO to make sure that
1530     // code that checks for default values work correctly.
1531     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(HeapBaseMinAddress, 1*G);
1532   }
1533 }
1534 
1535 void Arguments::set_heap_size() {
1536   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DefaultMaxRAMFraction)) {
1537     // Deprecated flag
1538     FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxRAMFraction, DefaultMaxRAMFraction);
1539   }
1540 
1541   const julong phys_mem =
1542     FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxRAM) ? MIN2(os::physical_memory(), (julong)MaxRAM)
1543                             : (julong)MaxRAM;
1544 
1545   // If the maximum heap size has not been set with -Xmx,
1546   // then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1547   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1548   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
1549     julong reasonable_max = phys_mem / MaxRAMFraction;
1550 
1551     if (phys_mem <= MaxHeapSize * MinRAMFraction) {
1552       // Small physical memory, so use a minimum fraction of it for the heap
1553       reasonable_max = phys_mem / MinRAMFraction;
1554     } else {
1555       // Not-small physical memory, so require a heap at least
1556       // as large as MaxHeapSize
1557       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1558     }
1559     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ErgoHeapSizeLimit) && ErgoHeapSizeLimit != 0) {
1560       // Limit the heap size to ErgoHeapSizeLimit
1561       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, (julong)ErgoHeapSizeLimit);
1562     }
1563     if (UseCompressedOops) {
1564       // Limit the heap size to the maximum possible when using compressed oops
1565       julong max_coop_heap = (julong)max_heap_for_compressed_oops();
1566       if (HeapBaseMinAddress + MaxHeapSize < max_coop_heap) {
1567         // Heap should be above HeapBaseMinAddress to get zero based compressed oops
1568         // but it should be not less than default MaxHeapSize.
1569         max_coop_heap -= HeapBaseMinAddress;
1570       }
1571       reasonable_max = MIN2(reasonable_max, max_coop_heap);
1572     }
1573     reasonable_max = os::allocatable_physical_memory(reasonable_max);
1574 
1575     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1576       // An initial heap size was specified on the command line,
1577       // so be sure that the maximum size is consistent.  Done
1578       // after call to allocatable_physical_memory because that
1579       // method might reduce the allocation size.
1580       reasonable_max = MAX2(reasonable_max, (julong)InitialHeapSize);
1581     }
1582 
1583     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1584       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1585       tty->print_cr("  Maximum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, reasonable_max);
1586     }
1587     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_max);
1588   }
1589 
1590   // If the initial_heap_size has not been set with InitialHeapSize
1591   // or -Xms, then set it as fraction of the size of physical memory,
1592   // respecting the maximum and minimum sizes of the heap.
1593   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(InitialHeapSize)) {
1594     julong reasonable_minimum = (julong)(OldSize + NewSize);
1595 
1596     reasonable_minimum = MIN2(reasonable_minimum, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1597 
1598     reasonable_minimum = os::allocatable_physical_memory(reasonable_minimum);
1599 
1600     julong reasonable_initial = phys_mem / InitialRAMFraction;
1601 
1602     reasonable_initial = MAX2(reasonable_initial, reasonable_minimum);
1603     reasonable_initial = MIN2(reasonable_initial, (julong)MaxHeapSize);
1604 
1605     reasonable_initial = os::allocatable_physical_memory(reasonable_initial);
1606 
1607     if (PrintGCDetails && Verbose) {
1608       // Cannot use gclog_or_tty yet.
1609       tty->print_cr("  Initial heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1610       tty->print_cr("  Minimum heap size " SIZE_FORMAT, (uintx)reasonable_minimum);
1611     }
1612     FLAG_SET_ERGO(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)reasonable_initial);
1613     set_min_heap_size((uintx)reasonable_minimum);
1614   }
1615 }
1616 
1617 // This must be called after ergonomics because we want bytecode rewriting
1618 // if the server compiler is used, or if UseSharedSpaces is disabled.
1619 void Arguments::set_bytecode_flags() {
1620   // Better not attempt to store into a read-only space.
1621   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
1622     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteBytecodes, false);
1623     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1624   }
1625 
1626   if (!RewriteBytecodes) {
1627     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RewriteFrequentPairs, false);
1628   }
1629 }
1630 
1631 // Aggressive optimization flags  -XX:+AggressiveOpts
1632 void Arguments::set_aggressive_opts_flags() {
1633 #ifdef COMPILER2
1634   if (AggressiveOpts || !FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1635     // EliminateAutoBox code is broken in C2
1636     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox)) {
1637       // FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, true);
1638     }
1639     if (EliminateAutoBox) {
1640       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateAutoBox, false);
1641     }
1642     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax)) {
1643       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(AutoBoxCacheMax, 20000);
1644     }
1645 
1646     // Feed the cache size setting into the JDK
1647     char buffer[1024];
1648     sprintf(buffer, "java.lang.Integer.IntegerCache.high=" INTX_FORMAT, AutoBoxCacheMax);
1649     add_property(buffer);
1650   }
1651   if (AggressiveOpts && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay)) {
1652     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(BiasedLockingStartupDelay, 500);
1653   }
1654 #endif
1655 
1656   if (AggressiveOpts) {
1657 // Sample flag setting code
1658 //    if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing)) {
1659 //      FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(EliminateZeroing, true);
1660 //    }
1661   }
1662 }
1663 
1664 //===========================================================================================================
1665 // Parsing of java.compiler property
1666 
1667 void Arguments::process_java_compiler_argument(char* arg) {
1668   // For backwards compatibility, Djava.compiler=NONE or ""
1669   // causes us to switch to -Xint mode UNLESS -Xdebug
1670   // is also specified.
1671   if (strlen(arg) == 0 || strcasecmp(arg, "NONE") == 0) {
1672     set_java_compiler(true);    // "-Djava.compiler[=...]" most recently seen.
1673   }
1674 }
1675 
1676 void Arguments::process_java_launcher_argument(const char* launcher, void* extra_info) {
1677   _sun_java_launcher = strdup(launcher);
1678   if (strcmp("gamma", _sun_java_launcher) == 0) {
1679     _created_by_gamma_launcher = true;
1680   }
1681 }
1682 
1683 bool Arguments::created_by_java_launcher() {
1684   assert(_sun_java_launcher != NULL, "property must have value");
1685   return strcmp(DEFAULT_JAVA_LAUNCHER, _sun_java_launcher) != 0;
1686 }
1687 
1688 bool Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() {
1689   return _created_by_gamma_launcher;
1690 }
1691 
1692 //===========================================================================================================
1693 // Parsing of main arguments
1694 
1695 bool Arguments::verify_interval(uintx val, uintx min,
1696                                 uintx max, const char* name) {
1697   // Returns true iff value is in the inclusive interval [min..max]
1698   // false, otherwise.
1699   if (val >= min && val <= max) {
1700     return true;
1701   }
1702   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1703               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between " UINTX_FORMAT
1704               " and " UINTX_FORMAT "\n",
1705               name, val, min, max);
1706   return false;
1707 }
1708 
1709 bool Arguments::verify_min_value(intx val, intx min, const char* name) {
1710   // Returns true if given value is at least specified min threshold
1711   // false, otherwise.
1712   if (val >= min ) {
1713       return true;
1714   }
1715   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1716               "%s of " INTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be at least " INTX_FORMAT "\n",
1717               name, val, min);
1718   return false;
1719 }
1720 
1721 bool Arguments::verify_percentage(uintx value, const char* name) {
1722   if (value <= 100) {
1723     return true;
1724   }
1725   jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1726               "%s of " UINTX_FORMAT " is invalid; must be between 0 and 100\n",
1727               name, value);
1728   return false;
1729 }
1730 
1731 static void force_serial_gc() {
1732   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSerialGC, true);
1733   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParNewGC, false);
1734   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
1735   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSIncrementalMode, false);  // special CMS suboption
1736   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelGC, false);
1737   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseParallelOldGC, false);
1738   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseG1GC, false);
1739 }
1740 
1741 static bool verify_serial_gc_flags() {
1742   return (UseSerialGC &&
1743         !(UseParNewGC || (UseConcMarkSweepGC || CMSIncrementalMode) || UseG1GC ||
1744           UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC));
1745 }
1746 
1747 // check if do gclog rotation
1748 // +UseGCLogFileRotation is a must,
1749 // no gc log rotation when log file not supplied or
1750 // NumberOfGCLogFiles is 0, or GCLogFileSize is 0
1751 void check_gclog_consistency() {
1752   if (UseGCLogFileRotation) {
1753     if ((Arguments::gc_log_filename() == NULL) ||
1754         (NumberOfGCLogFiles == 0)  ||
1755         (GCLogFileSize == 0)) {
1756       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1757                   "To enable GC log rotation, use -Xloggc:<filename> -XX:+UseGCLogFileRotation -XX:NumberOfGCLogFiles=<num_of_files> -XX:GCLogFileSize=<num_of_size>\n"
1758                   "where num_of_file > 0 and num_of_size > 0\n"
1759                   "GC log rotation is turned off\n");
1760       UseGCLogFileRotation = false;
1761     }
1762   }
1763 
1764   if (UseGCLogFileRotation && GCLogFileSize < 8*K) {
1765         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, GCLogFileSize, 8*K);
1766         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(),
1767                     "GCLogFileSize changed to minimum 8K\n");
1768   }
1769 }
1770 
1771 // Check consistency of GC selection
1772 bool Arguments::check_gc_consistency() {
1773   check_gclog_consistency();
1774   bool status = true;
1775   // Ensure that the user has not selected conflicting sets
1776   // of collectors. [Note: this check is merely a user convenience;
1777   // collectors over-ride each other so that only a non-conflicting
1778   // set is selected; however what the user gets is not what they
1779   // may have expected from the combination they asked for. It's
1780   // better to reduce user confusion by not allowing them to
1781   // select conflicting combinations.
1782   uint i = 0;
1783   if (UseSerialGC)                       i++;
1784   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseParNewGC) i++;
1785   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) i++;
1786   if (UseG1GC)                           i++;
1787   if (i > 1) {
1788     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1789                 "Conflicting collector combinations in option list; "
1790                 "please refer to the release notes for the combinations "
1791                 "allowed\n");
1792     status = false;
1793   }
1794 
1795   return status;
1796 }
1797 
1798 // Check stack pages settings
1799 bool Arguments::check_stack_pages()
1800 {
1801   bool status = true;
1802   status = status && verify_min_value(StackYellowPages, 1, "StackYellowPages");
1803   status = status && verify_min_value(StackRedPages, 1, "StackRedPages");
1804   // greater stack shadow pages can't generate instruction to bang stack
1805   status = status && verify_interval(StackShadowPages, 1, 50, "StackShadowPages");
1806   return status;
1807 }
1808 
1809 // Check the consistency of vm_init_args
1810 bool Arguments::check_vm_args_consistency() {
1811   // Method for adding checks for flag consistency.
1812   // The intent is to warn the user of all possible conflicts,
1813   // before returning an error.
1814   // Note: Needs platform-dependent factoring.
1815   bool status = true;
1816 
1817 #if ( (defined(COMPILER2) && defined(SPARC)))
1818   // NOTE: The call to VM_Version_init depends on the fact that VM_Version_init
1819   // on sparc doesn't require generation of a stub as is the case on, e.g.,
1820   // x86.  Normally, VM_Version_init must be called from init_globals in
1821   // init.cpp, which is called by the initial java thread *after* arguments
1822   // have been parsed.  VM_Version_init gets called twice on sparc.
1823   extern void VM_Version_init();
1824   VM_Version_init();
1825   if (!VM_Version::has_v9()) {
1826     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1827                 "V8 Machine detected, Server requires V9\n");
1828     status = false;
1829   }
1830 #endif /* COMPILER2 && SPARC */
1831 
1832   // Allow both -XX:-UseStackBanging and -XX:-UseBoundThreads in non-product
1833   // builds so the cost of stack banging can be measured.
1834 #if (defined(PRODUCT) && defined(SOLARIS))
1835   if (!UseBoundThreads && !UseStackBanging) {
1836     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1837                 "-UseStackBanging conflicts with -UseBoundThreads\n");
1838 
1839      status = false;
1840   }
1841 #endif
1842 
1843   if (TLABRefillWasteFraction == 0) {
1844     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1845                 "TLABRefillWasteFraction should be a denominator, "
1846                 "not " SIZE_FORMAT "\n",
1847                 TLABRefillWasteFraction);
1848     status = false;
1849   }
1850 
1851   status = status && verify_percentage(AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight,
1852                               "AdaptiveSizePolicyWeight");
1853   status = status && verify_percentage(AdaptivePermSizeWeight, "AdaptivePermSizeWeight");
1854   status = status && verify_percentage(ThresholdTolerance, "ThresholdTolerance");
1855   status = status && verify_percentage(MinHeapFreeRatio, "MinHeapFreeRatio");
1856   status = status && verify_percentage(MaxHeapFreeRatio, "MaxHeapFreeRatio");
1857 
1858   if (MinHeapFreeRatio > MaxHeapFreeRatio) {
1859     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1860                 "MinHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ") must be less than or "
1861                 "equal to MaxHeapFreeRatio (" UINTX_FORMAT ")\n",
1862                 MinHeapFreeRatio, MaxHeapFreeRatio);
1863     status = false;
1864   }
1865   // Keeping the heap 100% free is hard ;-) so limit it to 99%.
1866   MinHeapFreeRatio = MIN2(MinHeapFreeRatio, (uintx) 99);
1867 
1868   if (FullGCALot && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount)) {
1869     MarkSweepAlwaysCompactCount = 1;  // Move objects every gc.
1870   }
1871 
1872   if (UseParallelOldGC && ParallelOldGCSplitALot) {
1873     // Settings to encourage splitting.
1874     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(NewRatio)) {
1875       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, NewRatio, 2);
1876     }
1877     if (!FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(ScavengeBeforeFullGC)) {
1878       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
1879     }
1880   }
1881 
1882   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
1883   status = status && verify_percentage(GCTimeLimit, "GCTimeLimit");
1884   if (GCTimeLimit == 100) {
1885     // Turn off gc-overhead-limit-exceeded checks
1886     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
1887   }
1888 
1889   status = status && verify_percentage(GCHeapFreeLimit, "GCHeapFreeLimit");
1890 
1891   status = status && check_gc_consistency();
1892   status = status && check_stack_pages();
1893 
1894   if (_has_alloc_profile) {
1895     if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
1896       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1897                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1898                   "Allocation profiling (-Xaprof) cannot be used together with "
1899                   "Parallel GC (-XX:+UseParallelGC or -XX:+UseParallelOldGC).\n");
1900       status = false;
1901     }
1902     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1903       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1904                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1905                   "Allocation profiling (-Xaprof) cannot be used together with "
1906                   "the CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC).\n");
1907       status = false;
1908     }
1909   }
1910 
1911   if (CMSIncrementalMode) {
1912     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1913       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1914                   "error:  invalid argument combination.\n"
1915                   "The CMS collector (-XX:+UseConcMarkSweepGC) must be "
1916                   "selected in order\nto use CMSIncrementalMode.\n");
1917       status = false;
1918     } else {
1919       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycle,
1920                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycle");
1921       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin,
1922                                   "CMSIncrementalDutyCycleMin");
1923       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor,
1924                                   "CMSIncrementalSafetyFactor");
1925       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSIncrementalOffset,
1926                                   "CMSIncrementalOffset");
1927       status = status && verify_percentage(CMSExpAvgFactor,
1928                                   "CMSExpAvgFactor");
1929       // If it was not set on the command line, set
1930       // CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction to 1 so icms can initiate cycles early.
1931       if (CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction < 0) {
1932         FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(CMSInitiatingOccupancyFraction, 1);
1933       }
1934     }
1935   }
1936 
1937   // CMS space iteration, which FLSVerifyAllHeapreferences entails,
1938   // insists that we hold the requisite locks so that the iteration is
1939   // MT-safe. For the verification at start-up and shut-down, we don't
1940   // yet have a good way of acquiring and releasing these locks,
1941   // which are not visible at the CollectedHeap level. We want to
1942   // be able to acquire these locks and then do the iteration rather
1943   // than just disable the lock verification. This will be fixed under
1944   // bug 4788986.
1945   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC && FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences) {
1946     if (VerifyGCStartAt == 0) {
1947       warning("Heap verification at start-up disabled "
1948               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
1949       VerifyGCStartAt = 1;      // Disable verification at start-up
1950     }
1951     if (VerifyBeforeExit) {
1952       warning("Heap verification at shutdown disabled "
1953               "(due to current incompatibility with FLSVerifyAllHeapReferences)");
1954       VerifyBeforeExit = false; // Disable verification at shutdown
1955     }
1956   }
1957 
1958   // Note: only executed in non-PRODUCT mode
1959   if (!UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC &&
1960       (ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent ||
1961        ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrentAndUnloadsClasses)) {
1962     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
1963                 "error: +ExplicitGCInvokesConcurrent[AndUnloadsClasses] conflicts"
1964                 " with -UseAsyncConcMarkSweepGC");
1965     status = false;
1966   }
1967 
1968   status = status && verify_min_value(ParGCArrayScanChunk, 1, "ParGCArrayScanChunk");
1969 
1970 #ifndef SERIALGC
1971   if (UseG1GC) {
1972     status = status && verify_percentage(InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent,
1973                                          "InitiatingHeapOccupancyPercent");
1974     status = status && verify_min_value(G1RefProcDrainInterval, 1,
1975                                         "G1RefProcDrainInterval");
1976     status = status && verify_min_value((intx)G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis, 1,
1977                                         "G1ConcMarkStepDurationMillis");
1978     status = status && verify_interval(G1ConcRSHotCardLimit, 0, max_jubyte,
1979                                        "G1ConcRSHotCardLimit");
1980     status = status && verify_interval(G1ConcRSLogCacheSize, 0, 31,
1981                                        "G1ConcRSLogCacheSize");
1982   }
1983 #endif
1984 
1985   status = status && verify_interval(RefDiscoveryPolicy,
1986                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMin,
1987                                      ReferenceProcessor::DiscoveryPolicyMax,
1988                                      "RefDiscoveryPolicy");
1989 
1990   // Limit the lower bound of this flag to 1 as it is used in a division
1991   // expression.
1992   status = status && verify_interval(TLABWasteTargetPercent,
1993                                      1, 100, "TLABWasteTargetPercent");
1994 
1995   status = status && verify_object_alignment();
1996 
1997 #ifdef SPARC
1998   if (UseConcMarkSweepGC || UseG1GC) {
1999     // Issue a stern warning if the user has explicitly set
2000     // UseMemSetInBOT (it is known to cause issues), but allow
2001     // use for experimentation and debugging.
2002     if (VM_Version::is_sun4v() && UseMemSetInBOT) {
2003       assert(!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseMemSetInBOT), "Error");
2004       warning("Experimental flag -XX:+UseMemSetInBOT is known to cause instability"
2005           " on sun4v; please understand that you are using at your own risk!");
2006     }
2007   }
2008 #endif // SPARC
2009 
2010   // check native memory tracking flags
2011   if (PrintNMTStatistics && MemTracker::tracking_level() == MemTracker::NMT_off) {
2012     warning("PrintNMTStatistics is disabled, because native memory tracking is not enabled");
2013     PrintNMTStatistics = false;
2014   }
2015 
2016   return status;
2017 }
2018 
2019 bool Arguments::is_bad_option(const JavaVMOption* option, jboolean ignore,
2020   const char* option_type) {
2021   if (ignore) return false;
2022 
2023   const char* spacer = " ";
2024   if (option_type == NULL) {
2025     option_type = ++spacer; // Set both to the empty string.
2026   }
2027 
2028   if (os::obsolete_option(option)) {
2029     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2030                 "Obsolete %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2031       option->optionString);
2032     return false;
2033   } else {
2034     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2035                 "Unrecognized %s%soption: %s\n", option_type, spacer,
2036       option->optionString);
2037     return true;
2038   }
2039 }
2040 
2041 static const char* user_assertion_options[] = {
2042   "-da", "-ea", "-disableassertions", "-enableassertions", 0
2043 };
2044 
2045 static const char* system_assertion_options[] = {
2046   "-dsa", "-esa", "-disablesystemassertions", "-enablesystemassertions", 0
2047 };
2048 
2049 // Return true if any of the strings in null-terminated array 'names' matches.
2050 // If tail_allowed is true, then the tail must begin with a colon; otherwise,
2051 // the option must match exactly.
2052 static bool match_option(const JavaVMOption* option, const char** names, const char** tail,
2053   bool tail_allowed) {
2054   for (/* empty */; *names != NULL; ++names) {
2055     if (match_option(option, *names, tail)) {
2056       if (**tail == '\0' || tail_allowed && **tail == ':') {
2057         return true;
2058       }
2059     }
2060   }
2061   return false;
2062 }
2063 
2064 bool Arguments::parse_uintx(const char* value,
2065                             uintx* uintx_arg,
2066                             uintx min_size) {
2067 
2068   // Check the sign first since atomull() parses only unsigned values.
2069   bool value_is_positive = !(*value == '-');
2070 
2071   if (value_is_positive) {
2072     julong n;
2073     bool good_return = atomull(value, &n);
2074     if (good_return) {
2075       bool above_minimum = n >= min_size;
2076       bool value_is_too_large = n > max_uintx;
2077 
2078       if (above_minimum && !value_is_too_large) {
2079         *uintx_arg = n;
2080         return true;
2081       }
2082     }
2083   }
2084   return false;
2085 }
2086 
2087 Arguments::ArgsRange Arguments::parse_memory_size(const char* s,
2088                                                   julong* long_arg,
2089                                                   julong min_size) {
2090   if (!atomull(s, long_arg)) return arg_unreadable;
2091   return check_memory_size(*long_arg, min_size);
2092 }
2093 
2094 // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure
2095 
2096 jint Arguments::parse_vm_init_args(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
2097   // For components of the system classpath.
2098   SysClassPath scp(Arguments::get_sysclasspath());
2099   bool scp_assembly_required = false;
2100 
2101   // Save default settings for some mode flags
2102   Arguments::_AlwaysCompileLoopMethods = AlwaysCompileLoopMethods;
2103   Arguments::_UseOnStackReplacement    = UseOnStackReplacement;
2104   Arguments::_ClipInlining             = ClipInlining;
2105   Arguments::_BackgroundCompilation    = BackgroundCompilation;
2106 
2107   // Setup flags for mixed which is the default
2108   set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2109 
2110   // Parse JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS environment variable (if present)
2111   jint result = parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2112   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2113     return result;
2114   }
2115 
2116   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in
2117   result = parse_each_vm_init_arg(args, &scp, &scp_assembly_required, COMMAND_LINE);
2118   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2119     return result;
2120   }
2121 
2122   if (AggressiveOpts) {
2123     // Insert alt-rt.jar between user-specified bootclasspath
2124     // prefix and the default bootclasspath.  os::set_boot_path()
2125     // uses meta_index_dir as the default bootclasspath directory.
2126     const char* altclasses_jar = "alt-rt.jar";
2127     size_t altclasses_path_len = strlen(get_meta_index_dir()) + 1 +
2128                                  strlen(altclasses_jar);
2129     char* altclasses_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, altclasses_path_len, mtInternal);
2130     strcpy(altclasses_path, get_meta_index_dir());
2131     strcat(altclasses_path, altclasses_jar);
2132     scp.add_suffix_to_prefix(altclasses_path);
2133     scp_assembly_required = true;
2134     FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, altclasses_path, mtInternal);
2135   }
2136 
2137   // Parse _JAVA_OPTIONS environment variable (if present) (mimics classic VM)
2138   result = parse_java_options_environment_variable(&scp, &scp_assembly_required);
2139   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2140     return result;
2141   }
2142 
2143   // Do final processing now that all arguments have been parsed
2144   result = finalize_vm_init_args(&scp, scp_assembly_required);
2145   if (result != JNI_OK) {
2146     return result;
2147   }
2148 
2149   return JNI_OK;
2150 }
2151 
2152 jint Arguments::parse_each_vm_init_arg(const JavaVMInitArgs* args,
2153                                        SysClassPath* scp_p,
2154                                        bool* scp_assembly_required_p,
2155                                        FlagValueOrigin origin) {
2156   // Remaining part of option string
2157   const char* tail;
2158 
2159   // iterate over arguments
2160   for (int index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
2161     bool is_absolute_path = false;  // for -agentpath vs -agentlib
2162 
2163     const JavaVMOption* option = args->options + index;
2164 
2165     if (!match_option(option, "-Djava.class.path", &tail) &&
2166         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.command", &tail) &&
2167         !match_option(option, "-Dsun.java.launcher", &tail)) {
2168 
2169         // add all jvm options to the jvm_args string. This string
2170         // is used later to set the java.vm.args PerfData string constant.
2171         // the -Djava.class.path and the -Dsun.java.command options are
2172         // omitted from jvm_args string as each have their own PerfData
2173         // string constant object.
2174         build_jvm_args(option->optionString);
2175     }
2176 
2177     // -verbose:[class/gc/jni]
2178     if (match_option(option, "-verbose", &tail)) {
2179       if (!strcmp(tail, ":class") || !strcmp(tail, "")) {
2180         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassLoading, true);
2181         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, TraceClassUnloading, true);
2182       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":gc")) {
2183         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2184       } else if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2185         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintJNIResolving, true);
2186       }
2187     // -da / -ea / -disableassertions / -enableassertions
2188     // These accept an optional class/package name separated by a colon, e.g.,
2189     // -da:java.lang.Thread.
2190     } else if (match_option(option, user_assertion_options, &tail, true)) {
2191       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2192       if (*tail == '\0') {
2193         JavaAssertions::setUserClassDefault(enable);
2194       } else {
2195         assert(*tail == ':', "bogus match by match_option()");
2196         JavaAssertions::addOption(tail + 1, enable);
2197       }
2198     // -dsa / -esa / -disablesystemassertions / -enablesystemassertions
2199     } else if (match_option(option, system_assertion_options, &tail, false)) {
2200       bool enable = option->optionString[1] == 'e';     // char after '-' is 'e'
2201       JavaAssertions::setSystemClassDefault(enable);
2202     // -bootclasspath:
2203     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath:", &tail)) {
2204       scp_p->reset_path(tail);
2205       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2206     // -bootclasspath/a:
2207     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/a:", &tail)) {
2208       scp_p->add_suffix(tail);
2209       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2210     // -bootclasspath/p:
2211     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbootclasspath/p:", &tail)) {
2212       scp_p->add_prefix(tail);
2213       *scp_assembly_required_p = true;
2214     // -Xrun
2215     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrun", &tail)) {
2216       if (tail != NULL) {
2217         const char* pos = strchr(tail, ':');
2218         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2219         char* name = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2220         name[len] = '\0';
2221 
2222         char *options = NULL;
2223         if(pos != NULL) {
2224           size_t len2 = strlen(pos+1) + 1; // options start after ':'.  Final zero must be copied.
2225           options = (char*)memcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len2, mtInternal), pos+1, len2);
2226         }
2227         add_init_library(name, options);
2228       }
2229     // -agentlib and -agentpath
2230     } else if (match_option(option, "-agentlib:", &tail) ||
2231           (is_absolute_path = match_option(option, "-agentpath:", &tail))) {
2232       if(tail != NULL) {
2233         const char* pos = strchr(tail, '=');
2234         size_t len = (pos == NULL) ? strlen(tail) : pos - tail;
2235         char* name = strncpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, len + 1, mtInternal), tail, len);
2236         name[len] = '\0';
2237 
2238         char *options = NULL;
2239         if(pos != NULL) {
2240           options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(pos + 1) + 1, mtInternal), pos + 1);
2241         }
2242         add_init_agent(name, options, is_absolute_path);
2243 
2244       }
2245     // -javaagent
2246     } else if (match_option(option, "-javaagent:", &tail)) {
2247       if(tail != NULL) {
2248         char *options = strcpy(NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(tail) + 1, mtInternal), tail);
2249         add_init_agent("instrument", options, false);
2250       }
2251     // -Xnoclassgc
2252     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoclassgc", &tail)) {
2253       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ClassUnloading, false);
2254     // -Xincgc: i-CMS
2255     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xincgc", &tail)) {
2256       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2257       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, true);
2258     // -Xnoincgc: no i-CMS
2259     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoincgc", &tail)) {
2260       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2261       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, CMSIncrementalMode, false);
2262     // -Xconcgc
2263     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcgc", &tail)) {
2264       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, true);
2265     // -Xnoconcgc
2266     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoconcgc", &tail)) {
2267       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseConcMarkSweepGC, false);
2268     // -Xbatch
2269     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xbatch", &tail)) {
2270       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2271     // -Xmn for compatibility with other JVM vendors
2272     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmn", &tail)) {
2273       julong long_initial_eden_size = 0;
2274       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_eden_size, 1);
2275       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2276         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2277                     "Invalid initial eden size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2278         describe_range_error(errcode);
2279         return JNI_EINVAL;
2280       }
2281       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, (uintx)long_initial_eden_size);
2282       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize, (uintx)long_initial_eden_size);
2283     // -Xms
2284     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xms", &tail)) {
2285       julong long_initial_heap_size = 0;
2286       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_initial_heap_size, 1);
2287       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2288         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2289                     "Invalid initial heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2290         describe_range_error(errcode);
2291         return JNI_EINVAL;
2292       }
2293       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, (uintx)long_initial_heap_size);
2294       // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2295       set_min_heap_size(InitialHeapSize);
2296     // -Xmx
2297     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmx", &tail)) {
2298       julong long_max_heap_size = 0;
2299       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_max_heap_size, 1);
2300       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2301         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2302                     "Invalid maximum heap size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2303         describe_range_error(errcode);
2304         return JNI_EINVAL;
2305       }
2306       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, (uintx)long_max_heap_size);
2307     // Xmaxf
2308     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxf", &tail)) {
2309       int maxf = (int)(atof(tail) * 100);
2310       if (maxf < 0 || maxf > 100) {
2311         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2312                     "Bad max heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2313                     option->optionString);
2314         return JNI_EINVAL;
2315       } else {
2316         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapFreeRatio, maxf);
2317       }
2318     // Xminf
2319     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xminf", &tail)) {
2320       int minf = (int)(atof(tail) * 100);
2321       if (minf < 0 || minf > 100) {
2322         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2323                     "Bad min heap free percentage size: %s\n",
2324                     option->optionString);
2325         return JNI_EINVAL;
2326       } else {
2327         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MinHeapFreeRatio, minf);
2328       }
2329     // -Xss
2330     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xss", &tail)) {
2331       julong long_ThreadStackSize = 0;
2332       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ThreadStackSize, 1000);
2333       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2334         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2335                     "Invalid thread stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2336         describe_range_error(errcode);
2337         return JNI_EINVAL;
2338       }
2339       // Internally track ThreadStackSize in units of 1024 bytes.
2340       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, ThreadStackSize,
2341                               round_to((int)long_ThreadStackSize, K) / K);
2342     // -Xoss
2343     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoss", &tail)) {
2344           // HotSpot does not have separate native and Java stacks, ignore silently for compatibility
2345     // -Xmaxjitcodesize
2346     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmaxjitcodesize", &tail) ||
2347                match_option(option, "-XX:ReservedCodeCacheSize=", &tail)) {
2348       julong long_ReservedCodeCacheSize = 0;
2349       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_ReservedCodeCacheSize,
2350                                             (size_t)InitialCodeCacheSize);
2351       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2352         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2353                     "Invalid maximum code cache size: %s. Should be greater than InitialCodeCacheSize=%dK\n",
2354                     option->optionString, InitialCodeCacheSize/K);
2355         describe_range_error(errcode);
2356         return JNI_EINVAL;
2357       }
2358       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ReservedCodeCacheSize, (uintx)long_ReservedCodeCacheSize);
2359     // -green
2360     } else if (match_option(option, "-green", &tail)) {
2361       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2362                   "Green threads support not available\n");
2363           return JNI_EINVAL;
2364     // -native
2365     } else if (match_option(option, "-native", &tail)) {
2366           // HotSpot always uses native threads, ignore silently for compatibility
2367     // -Xsqnopause
2368     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xsqnopause", &tail)) {
2369           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2370     // -Xrs
2371     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xrs", &tail)) {
2372           // Classic/EVM option, new functionality
2373       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ReduceSignalUsage, true);
2374     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xusealtsigs", &tail)) {
2375           // change default internal VM signals used - lower case for back compat
2376       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseAltSigs, true);
2377     // -Xoptimize
2378     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xoptimize", &tail)) {
2379           // EVM option, ignore silently for compatibility
2380     // -Xprof
2381     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprof", &tail)) {
2382       _has_profile = true;
2383     // -Xaprof
2384     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xaprof", &tail)) {
2385       _has_alloc_profile = true;
2386     // -Xconcurrentio
2387     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xconcurrentio", &tail)) {
2388       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLWPSynchronization, true);
2389       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BackgroundCompilation, false);
2390       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(intx, DeferThrSuspendLoopCount, 1);
2391       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2392       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSizeThreadIncrease, 16 * K);  // 20Kb per thread added to new generation
2393 
2394       // -Xinternalversion
2395     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xinternalversion", &tail)) {
2396       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::output_stream(), "%s\n",
2397                   VM_Version::internal_vm_info_string());
2398       vm_exit(0);
2399 #ifndef PRODUCT
2400     // -Xprintflags
2401     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xprintflags", &tail)) {
2402       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
2403       vm_exit(0);
2404 #endif
2405     // -D
2406     } else if (match_option(option, "-D", &tail)) {
2407       if (!add_property(tail)) {
2408         return JNI_ENOMEM;
2409       }
2410       // Out of the box management support
2411       if (match_option(option, "-Dcom.sun.management", &tail)) {
2412         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ManagementServer, true);
2413       }
2414     // -Xint
2415     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xint", &tail)) {
2416           set_mode_flags(_int);
2417     // -Xmixed
2418     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xmixed", &tail)) {
2419           set_mode_flags(_mixed);
2420     // -Xcomp
2421     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcomp", &tail)) {
2422       // for testing the compiler; turn off all flags that inhibit compilation
2423           set_mode_flags(_comp);
2424 
2425     // -Xshare:dump
2426     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:dump", &tail)) {
2427 #ifdef TIERED
2428       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true);
2429       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2430 #elif defined(COMPILER2)
2431       vm_exit_during_initialization(
2432           "Dumping a shared archive is not supported on the Server JVM.", NULL);
2433 #else
2434       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DumpSharedSpaces, true);
2435       set_mode_flags(_int);     // Prevent compilation, which creates objects
2436 #endif
2437     // -Xshare:on
2438     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:on", &tail)) {
2439       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2440       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, true);
2441     // -Xshare:auto
2442     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:auto", &tail)) {
2443       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, true);
2444       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2445     // -Xshare:off
2446     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xshare:off", &tail)) {
2447       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseSharedSpaces, false);
2448       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2449 
2450     // -Xverify
2451     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xverify", &tail)) {
2452       if (strcmp(tail, ":all") == 0 || strcmp(tail, "") == 0) {
2453         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, true);
2454         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2455       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":remote") == 0) {
2456         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2457         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, true);
2458       } else if (strcmp(tail, ":none") == 0) {
2459         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationLocal, false);
2460         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BytecodeVerificationRemote, false);
2461       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized, "verification")) {
2462         return JNI_EINVAL;
2463       }
2464     // -Xdebug
2465     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xdebug", &tail)) {
2466       // note this flag has been used, then ignore
2467       set_xdebug_mode(true);
2468     // -Xnoagent
2469     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xnoagent", &tail)) {
2470       // For compatibility with classic. HotSpot refuses to load the old style agent.dll.
2471     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xboundthreads", &tail)) {
2472       // Bind user level threads to kernel threads (Solaris only)
2473       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseBoundThreads, true);
2474     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xloggc:", &tail)) {
2475       // Redirect GC output to the file. -Xloggc:<filename>
2476       // ostream_init_log(), when called will use this filename
2477       // to initialize a fileStream.
2478       _gc_log_filename = strdup(tail);
2479       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGC, true);
2480       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintGCTimeStamps, true);
2481 
2482     // JNI hooks
2483     } else if (match_option(option, "-Xcheck", &tail)) {
2484       if (!strcmp(tail, ":jni")) {
2485         CheckJNICalls = true;
2486       } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized,
2487                                      "check")) {
2488         return JNI_EINVAL;
2489       }
2490     } else if (match_option(option, "vfprintf", &tail)) {
2491       _vfprintf_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(vfprintf_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2492     } else if (match_option(option, "exit", &tail)) {
2493       _exit_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(exit_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2494     } else if (match_option(option, "abort", &tail)) {
2495       _abort_hook = CAST_TO_FN_PTR(abort_hook_t, option->extraInfo);
2496     // -XX:+AggressiveHeap
2497     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AggressiveHeap", &tail)) {
2498 
2499       // This option inspects the machine and attempts to set various
2500       // parameters to be optimal for long-running, memory allocation
2501       // intensive jobs.  It is intended for machines with large
2502       // amounts of cpu and memory.
2503 
2504       // initHeapSize is needed since _initial_heap_size is 4 bytes on a 32 bit
2505       // VM, but we may not be able to represent the total physical memory
2506       // available (like having 8gb of memory on a box but using a 32bit VM).
2507       // Thus, we need to make sure we're using a julong for intermediate
2508       // calculations.
2509       julong initHeapSize;
2510       julong total_memory = os::physical_memory();
2511 
2512       if (total_memory < (julong)256*M) {
2513         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2514                     "You need at least 256mb of memory to use -XX:+AggressiveHeap\n");
2515         vm_exit(1);
2516       }
2517 
2518       // The heap size is half of available memory, or (at most)
2519       // all of possible memory less 160mb (leaving room for the OS
2520       // when using ISM).  This is the maximum; because adaptive sizing
2521       // is turned on below, the actual space used may be smaller.
2522 
2523       initHeapSize = MIN2(total_memory / (julong)2,
2524                           total_memory - (julong)160*M);
2525 
2526       // Make sure that if we have a lot of memory we cap the 32 bit
2527       // process space.  The 64bit VM version of this function is a nop.
2528       initHeapSize = os::allocatable_physical_memory(initHeapSize);
2529 
2530       // The perm gen is separate but contiguous with the
2531       // object heap (and is reserved with it) so subtract it
2532       // from the heap size.
2533       if (initHeapSize > MaxPermSize) {
2534         initHeapSize = initHeapSize - MaxPermSize;
2535       } else {
2536         warning("AggressiveHeap and MaxPermSize values may conflict");
2537       }
2538 
2539       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxHeapSize)) {
2540          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2541          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, InitialHeapSize, initHeapSize);
2542          // Currently the minimum size and the initial heap sizes are the same.
2543          set_min_heap_size(initHeapSize);
2544       }
2545       if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NewSize)) {
2546          // Make the young generation 3/8ths of the total heap.
2547          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, NewSize,
2548                                 ((julong)MaxHeapSize / (julong)8) * (julong)3);
2549          FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxNewSize, NewSize);
2550       }
2551 
2552       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, true);
2553 
2554       // Increase some data structure sizes for efficiency
2555       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, BaseFootPrintEstimate, MaxHeapSize);
2556       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
2557       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, 256*K);
2558 
2559       // See the OldPLABSize comment below, but replace 'after promotion'
2560       // with 'after copying'.  YoungPLABSize is the size of the survivor
2561       // space per-gc-thread buffers.  The default is 4kw.
2562       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, 256*K);      // Note: this is in words
2563 
2564       // OldPLABSize is the size of the buffers in the old gen that
2565       // UseParallelGC uses to promote live data that doesn't fit in the
2566       // survivor spaces.  At any given time, there's one for each gc thread.
2567       // The default size is 1kw. These buffers are rarely used, since the
2568       // survivor spaces are usually big enough.  For specjbb, however, there
2569       // are occasions when there's lots of live data in the young gen
2570       // and we end up promoting some of it.  We don't have a definite
2571       // explanation for why bumping OldPLABSize helps, but the theory
2572       // is that a bigger PLAB results in retaining something like the
2573       // original allocation order after promotion, which improves mutator
2574       // locality.  A minor effect may be that larger PLABs reduce the
2575       // number of PLAB allocation events during gc.  The value of 8kw
2576       // was arrived at by experimenting with specjbb.
2577       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, 8*K);  // Note: this is in words
2578 
2579       // Enable parallel GC and adaptive generation sizing
2580       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseParallelGC, true);
2581       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ParallelGCThreads,
2582                        Abstract_VM_Version::parallel_worker_threads());
2583 
2584       // Encourage steady state memory management
2585       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ThresholdTolerance, 100);
2586 
2587       // This appears to improve mutator locality
2588       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2589 
2590       // Get around early Solaris scheduling bug
2591       // (affinity vs other jobs on system)
2592       // but disallow DR and offlining (5008695).
2593       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, BindGCTaskThreadsToCPUs, true);
2594 
2595     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+NeverTenure", &tail)) {
2596       // The last option must always win.
2597       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, false);
2598       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, true);
2599     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+AlwaysTenure", &tail)) {
2600       // The last option must always win.
2601       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, NeverTenure, false);
2602       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, AlwaysTenure, true);
2603     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail) ||
2604                match_option(option, "-XX:-CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled", &tail)) {
2605       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2606         "Please use CMSClassUnloadingEnabled in place of "
2607         "CMSPermGenSweepingEnabled in the future\n");
2608     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
2609       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, true);
2610       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2611         "Please use -XX:+UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
2612         "-XX:+UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
2613     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit", &tail)) {
2614       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseGCOverheadLimit, false);
2615       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2616         "Please use -XX:-UseGCOverheadLimit in place of "
2617         "-XX:-UseGCTimeLimit in the future\n");
2618     // The TLE options are for compatibility with 1.3 and will be
2619     // removed without notice in a future release.  These options
2620     // are not to be documented.
2621     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxTLERatio=", &tail)) {
2622       // No longer used.
2623     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
2624       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, true);
2625     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-ResizeTLE", &tail)) {
2626       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ResizeTLAB, false);
2627     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintTLE", &tail)) {
2628       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, true);
2629     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintTLE", &tail)) {
2630       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, PrintTLAB, false);
2631     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEFragmentationRatio=", &tail)) {
2632       // No longer used.
2633     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLESize=", &tail)) {
2634       julong long_tlab_size = 0;
2635       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &long_tlab_size, 1);
2636       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2637         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2638                     "Invalid TLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2639         describe_range_error(errcode);
2640         return JNI_EINVAL;
2641       }
2642       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, TLABSize, long_tlab_size);
2643     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:TLEThreadRatio=", &tail)) {
2644       // No longer used.
2645     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UseTLE", &tail)) {
2646       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, true);
2647     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UseTLE", &tail)) {
2648       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseTLAB, false);
2649 SOLARIS_ONLY(
2650     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+UsePermISM", &tail)) {
2651       warning("-XX:+UsePermISM is obsolete.");
2652       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseISM, true);
2653     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:-UsePermISM", &tail)) {
2654       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseISM, false);
2655 )
2656     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStderr", &tail)) {
2657       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, false);
2658       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, true);
2659     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+DisplayVMOutputToStdout", &tail)) {
2660       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStderr, false);
2661       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DisplayVMOutputToStdout, true);
2662     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+ExtendedDTraceProbes", &tail)) {
2663 #if defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2664       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ExtendedDTraceProbes, true);
2665       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMethodProbes, true);
2666       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceAllocProbes, true);
2667       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, DTraceMonitorProbes, true);
2668 #else // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2669       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2670                   "ExtendedDTraceProbes flag is not applicable for this configuration\n");
2671       return JNI_EINVAL;
2672 #endif // defined(DTRACE_ENABLED)
2673 #ifdef ASSERT
2674     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:+FullGCALot", &tail)) {
2675       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, FullGCALot, true);
2676       // disable scavenge before parallel mark-compact
2677       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, ScavengeBeforeFullGC, false);
2678 #endif
2679     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
2680       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
2681       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
2682       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2683         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2684         "-XX:CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
2685     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim=", &tail)) {
2686       julong cms_blocks_to_claim = (julong)atol(tail);
2687       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, CMSParPromoteBlocksToClaim, cms_blocks_to_claim);
2688       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2689         "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2690         "-XX:ParCMSPromoteBlocksToClaim in the future\n");
2691     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
2692       julong old_plab_size = 0;
2693       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &old_plab_size, 1);
2694       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2695         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2696                     "Invalid old PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2697         describe_range_error(errcode);
2698         return JNI_EINVAL;
2699       }
2700       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, OldPLABSize, old_plab_size);
2701       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2702                   "Please use -XX:OldPLABSize in place of "
2703                   "-XX:ParallelGCOldGenAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
2704     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize=", &tail)) {
2705       julong young_plab_size = 0;
2706       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &young_plab_size, 1);
2707       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2708         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2709                     "Invalid young PLAB size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2710         describe_range_error(errcode);
2711         return JNI_EINVAL;
2712       }
2713       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, YoungPLABSize, young_plab_size);
2714       jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2715                   "Please use -XX:YoungPLABSize in place of "
2716                   "-XX:ParallelGCToSpaceAllocBufferSize in the future\n");
2717     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSize=", &tail) ||
2718                match_option(option, "-XX:G1MarkStackSize=", &tail)) {
2719       julong stack_size = 0;
2720       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &stack_size, 1);
2721       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2722         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2723                     "Invalid mark stack size: %s\n", option->optionString);
2724         describe_range_error(errcode);
2725         return JNI_EINVAL;
2726       }
2727       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSize, stack_size);
2728     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:CMSMarkStackSizeMax=", &tail)) {
2729       julong max_stack_size = 0;
2730       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_stack_size, 1);
2731       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2732         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2733                     "Invalid maximum mark stack size: %s\n",
2734                     option->optionString);
2735         describe_range_error(errcode);
2736         return JNI_EINVAL;
2737       }
2738       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MarkStackSizeMax, max_stack_size);
2739     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelMarkingThreads=", &tail) ||
2740                match_option(option, "-XX:ParallelCMSThreads=", &tail)) {
2741       uintx conc_threads = 0;
2742       if (!parse_uintx(tail, &conc_threads, 1)) {
2743         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2744                     "Invalid concurrent threads: %s\n", option->optionString);
2745         return JNI_EINVAL;
2746       }
2747       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, ConcGCThreads, conc_threads);
2748     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:MaxDirectMemorySize=", &tail)) {
2749       julong max_direct_memory_size = 0;
2750       ArgsRange errcode = parse_memory_size(tail, &max_direct_memory_size, 0);
2751       if (errcode != arg_in_range) {
2752         jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2753                     "Invalid maximum direct memory size: %s\n",
2754                     option->optionString);
2755         describe_range_error(errcode);
2756         return JNI_EINVAL;
2757       }
2758       FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(uintx, MaxDirectMemorySize, max_direct_memory_size);
2759     } else if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) { // -XX:xxxx
2760       // Skip -XX:Flags= since that case has already been handled
2761       if (strncmp(tail, "Flags=", strlen("Flags=")) != 0) {
2762         if (!process_argument(tail, args->ignoreUnrecognized, origin)) {
2763           return JNI_EINVAL;
2764         }
2765       }
2766     // Unknown option
2767     } else if (is_bad_option(option, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
2768       return JNI_ERR;
2769     }
2770   }
2771 
2772   // Change the default value for flags  which have different default values
2773   // when working with older JDKs.
2774   if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
2775       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseVMInterruptibleIO)) {
2776     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseVMInterruptibleIO, true);
2777   }
2778 #ifdef LINUX
2779  if (JDK_Version::current().compare_major(6) <= 0 &&
2780       FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks)) {
2781     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLinuxPosixThreadCPUClocks, false);
2782   }
2783 #endif // LINUX
2784   return JNI_OK;
2785 }
2786 
2787 jint Arguments::finalize_vm_init_args(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool scp_assembly_required) {
2788   // This must be done after all -D arguments have been processed.
2789   scp_p->expand_endorsed();
2790 
2791   if (scp_assembly_required || scp_p->get_endorsed() != NULL) {
2792     // Assemble the bootclasspath elements into the final path.
2793     Arguments::set_sysclasspath(scp_p->combined_path());
2794   }
2795 
2796   // This must be done after all arguments have been processed.
2797   // java_compiler() true means set to "NONE" or empty.
2798   if (java_compiler() && !xdebug_mode()) {
2799     // For backwards compatibility, we switch to interpreted mode if
2800     // -Djava.compiler="NONE" or "" is specified AND "-Xdebug" was
2801     // not specified.
2802     set_mode_flags(_int);
2803   }
2804   if (CompileThreshold == 0) {
2805     set_mode_flags(_int);
2806   }
2807 
2808 #ifndef COMPILER2
2809   // Don't degrade server performance for footprint
2810   if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseLargePages) &&
2811       MaxHeapSize < LargePageHeapSizeThreshold) {
2812     // No need for large granularity pages w/small heaps.
2813     // Note that large pages are enabled/disabled for both the
2814     // Java heap and the code cache.
2815     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
2816     SOLARIS_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseMPSS, false));
2817     SOLARIS_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseISM, false));
2818   }
2819 
2820   // Tiered compilation is undefined with C1.
2821   TieredCompilation = false;
2822 #else
2823   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(OptoLoopAlignment) && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad)) {
2824     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxLoopPad, OptoLoopAlignment-1);
2825   }
2826 #endif
2827 
2828   // If we are running in a headless jre, force java.awt.headless property
2829   // to be true unless the property has already been set.
2830   // Also allow the OS environment variable JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS to set headless state.
2831   if (os::is_headless_jre()) {
2832     const char* headless = Arguments::get_property("java.awt.headless");
2833     if (headless == NULL) {
2834       char envbuffer[128];
2835       if (!os::getenv("JAVA_AWT_HEADLESS", envbuffer, sizeof(envbuffer))) {
2836         if (!add_property("java.awt.headless=true")) {
2837           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2838         }
2839       } else {
2840         char buffer[256];
2841         strcpy(buffer, "java.awt.headless=");
2842         strcat(buffer, envbuffer);
2843         if (!add_property(buffer)) {
2844           return JNI_ENOMEM;
2845         }
2846       }
2847     }
2848   }
2849 
2850   if (!check_vm_args_consistency()) {
2851     return JNI_ERR;
2852   }
2853 
2854   return JNI_OK;
2855 }
2856 
2857 jint Arguments::parse_java_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2858   return parse_options_environment_variable("_JAVA_OPTIONS", scp_p,
2859                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
2860 }
2861 
2862 jint Arguments::parse_java_tool_options_environment_variable(SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2863   return parse_options_environment_variable("JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS", scp_p,
2864                                             scp_assembly_required_p);
2865 }
2866 
2867 jint Arguments::parse_options_environment_variable(const char* name, SysClassPath* scp_p, bool* scp_assembly_required_p) {
2868   const int N_MAX_OPTIONS = 64;
2869   const int OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;
2870   char buffer[OPTION_BUFFER_SIZE];
2871 
2872   // The variable will be ignored if it exceeds the length of the buffer.
2873   // Don't check this variable if user has special privileges
2874   // (e.g. unix su command).
2875   if (os::getenv(name, buffer, sizeof(buffer)) &&
2876       !os::have_special_privileges()) {
2877     JavaVMOption options[N_MAX_OPTIONS];      // Construct option array
2878     jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2879                 "Picked up %s: %s\n", name, buffer);
2880     char* rd = buffer;                        // pointer to the input string (rd)
2881     int i;
2882     for (i = 0; i < N_MAX_OPTIONS;) {         // repeat for all options in the input string
2883       while (isspace(*rd)) rd++;              // skip whitespace
2884       if (*rd == 0) break;                    // we re done when the input string is read completely
2885 
2886       // The output, option string, overwrites the input string.
2887       // Because of quoting, the pointer to the option string (wrt) may lag the pointer to
2888       // input string (rd).
2889       char* wrt = rd;
2890 
2891       options[i++].optionString = wrt;        // Fill in option
2892       while (*rd != 0 && !isspace(*rd)) {     // unquoted strings terminate with a space or NULL
2893         if (*rd == '\'' || *rd == '"') {      // handle a quoted string
2894           int quote = *rd;                    // matching quote to look for
2895           rd++;                               // don't copy open quote
2896           while (*rd != quote) {              // include everything (even spaces) up until quote
2897             if (*rd == 0) {                   // string termination means unmatched string
2898               jio_fprintf(defaultStream::error_stream(),
2899                           "Unmatched quote in %s\n", name);
2900               return JNI_ERR;
2901             }
2902             *wrt++ = *rd++;                   // copy to option string
2903           }
2904           rd++;                               // don't copy close quote
2905         } else {
2906           *wrt++ = *rd++;                     // copy to option string
2907         }
2908       }
2909       // Need to check if we're done before writing a NULL,
2910       // because the write could be to the byte that rd is pointing to.
2911       if (*rd++ == 0) {
2912         *wrt = 0;
2913         break;
2914       }
2915       *wrt = 0;                               // Zero terminate option
2916     }
2917     // Construct JavaVMInitArgs structure and parse as if it was part of the command line
2918     JavaVMInitArgs vm_args;
2919     vm_args.version = JNI_VERSION_1_2;
2920     vm_args.options = options;
2921     vm_args.nOptions = i;
2922     vm_args.ignoreUnrecognized = IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions;
2923 
2924     if (PrintVMOptions) {
2925       const char* tail;
2926       for (int i = 0; i < vm_args.nOptions; i++) {
2927         const JavaVMOption *option = vm_args.options + i;
2928         if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
2929           logOption(tail);
2930         }
2931       }
2932     }
2933 
2934     return(parse_each_vm_init_arg(&vm_args, scp_p, scp_assembly_required_p, ENVIRON_VAR));
2935   }
2936   return JNI_OK;
2937 }
2938 
2939 void Arguments::set_shared_spaces_flags() {
2940   const bool must_share = DumpSharedSpaces || RequireSharedSpaces;
2941   const bool might_share = must_share || UseSharedSpaces;
2942 
2943   // The string table is part of the shared archive so the size must match.
2944   if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(StringTableSize)) {
2945     // Disable sharing.
2946     if (must_share) {
2947       warning("disabling shared archive %s because of non-default "
2948               "StringTableSize", DumpSharedSpaces ? "creation" : "use");
2949     }
2950     if (might_share) {
2951       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(DumpSharedSpaces, false);
2952       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(RequireSharedSpaces, false);
2953       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseSharedSpaces, false);
2954     }
2955     return;
2956   }
2957 
2958   // Check whether class data sharing settings conflict with GC, compressed oops
2959   // or page size, and fix them up.  Explicit sharing options override other
2960   // settings.
2961   const bool cannot_share = UseConcMarkSweepGC || CMSIncrementalMode ||
2962     UseG1GC || UseParNewGC || UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC ||
2963     UseCompressedOops || UseLargePages && FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseLargePages);
2964   if (cannot_share) {
2965     if (must_share) {
2966         warning("selecting serial gc and disabling large pages %s"
2967                 "because of %s", "" LP64_ONLY("and compressed oops "),
2968                 DumpSharedSpaces ? "-Xshare:dump" : "-Xshare:on");
2969         force_serial_gc();
2970         FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseLargePages, false);
2971         LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_CMDLINE(bool, UseCompressedOops, false));
2972     } else {
2973       if (UseSharedSpaces && Verbose) {
2974         warning("turning off use of shared archive because of "
2975                 "choice of garbage collector or large pages");
2976       }
2977       no_shared_spaces();
2978     }
2979   } else if (UseLargePages && might_share) {
2980     // Disable large pages to allow shared spaces.  This is sub-optimal, since
2981     // there may not even be a shared archive to use.
2982     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseLargePages, false);
2983   }
2984 }
2985 
2986 // Disable options not supported in this release, with a warning if they
2987 // were explicitly requested on the command-line
2988 #define UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(opt, description)                    \
2989 do {                                                            \
2990   if (opt) {                                                    \
2991     if (FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(opt)) {                                 \
2992       warning(description " is disabled in this release.");     \
2993     }                                                           \
2994     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(opt, false);                               \
2995   }                                                             \
2996 } while(0)
2997 
2998 // Parse entry point called from JNI_CreateJavaVM
2999 
3000 jint Arguments::parse(const JavaVMInitArgs* args) {
3001 
3002   // Sharing support
3003   // Construct the path to the archive
3004   char jvm_path[JVM_MAXPATHLEN];
3005   os::jvm_path(jvm_path, sizeof(jvm_path));
3006   char *end = strrchr(jvm_path, *os::file_separator());
3007   if (end != NULL) *end = '\0';
3008   char *shared_archive_path = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, strlen(jvm_path) +
3009       strlen(os::file_separator()) + 20, mtInternal);
3010   if (shared_archive_path == NULL) return JNI_ENOMEM;
3011   strcpy(shared_archive_path, jvm_path);
3012   strcat(shared_archive_path, os::file_separator());
3013   strcat(shared_archive_path, "classes");
3014   DEBUG_ONLY(strcat(shared_archive_path, "_g");)
3015   strcat(shared_archive_path, ".jsa");
3016   SharedArchivePath = shared_archive_path;
3017 
3018   // Remaining part of option string
3019   const char* tail;
3020 
3021   // If flag "-XX:Flags=flags-file" is used it will be the first option to be processed.
3022   const char* hotspotrc = ".hotspotrc";
3023   bool settings_file_specified = false;
3024   bool needs_hotspotrc_warning = false;
3025 
3026   const char* flags_file;
3027   int index;
3028   for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3029     const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3030     if (match_option(option, "-XX:Flags=", &tail)) {
3031       flags_file = tail;
3032       settings_file_specified = true;
3033     }
3034     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3035       PrintVMOptions = true;
3036     }
3037     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-PrintVMOptions", &tail)) {
3038       PrintVMOptions = false;
3039     }
3040     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3041       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = true;
3042     }
3043     if (match_option(option, "-XX:-IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions", &tail)) {
3044       IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions = false;
3045     }
3046     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsInitial", &tail)) {
3047       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, false);
3048       vm_exit(0);
3049     }
3050     if (match_option(option, "-XX:NativeMemoryTracking", &tail)) {
3051       MemTracker::init_tracking_options(tail);
3052     }
3053 
3054 
3055 #ifndef PRODUCT
3056     if (match_option(option, "-XX:+PrintFlagsWithComments", &tail)) {
3057       CommandLineFlags::printFlags(tty, true);
3058       vm_exit(0);
3059     }
3060 #endif
3061   }
3062 
3063   if (IgnoreUnrecognizedVMOptions) {
3064     // uncast const to modify the flag args->ignoreUnrecognized
3065     *(jboolean*)(&args->ignoreUnrecognized) = true;
3066   }
3067 
3068   // Parse specified settings file
3069   if (settings_file_specified) {
3070     if (!process_settings_file(flags_file, true, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3071       return JNI_EINVAL;
3072     }
3073   } else {
3074 #ifdef ASSERT
3075     // Parse default .hotspotrc settings file
3076     if (!process_settings_file(".hotspotrc", false, args->ignoreUnrecognized)) {
3077       return JNI_EINVAL;
3078     }
3079 #else
3080     struct stat buf;
3081     if (os::stat(hotspotrc, &buf) == 0) {
3082       needs_hotspotrc_warning = true;
3083     }
3084 #endif
3085   }
3086 
3087   if (PrintVMOptions) {
3088     for (index = 0; index < args->nOptions; index++) {
3089       const JavaVMOption *option = args->options + index;
3090       if (match_option(option, "-XX:", &tail)) {
3091         logOption(tail);
3092       }
3093     }
3094   }
3095 
3096   // Parse JavaVMInitArgs structure passed in, as well as JAVA_TOOL_OPTIONS and _JAVA_OPTIONS
3097   jint result = parse_vm_init_args(args);
3098   if (result != JNI_OK) {
3099     return result;
3100   }
3101 
3102   // Delay warning until here so that we've had a chance to process
3103   // the -XX:-PrintWarnings flag
3104   if (needs_hotspotrc_warning) {
3105     warning("%s file is present but has been ignored.  "
3106             "Run with -XX:Flags=%s to load the file.",
3107             hotspotrc, hotspotrc);
3108   }
3109 
3110 #if (defined JAVASE_EMBEDDED || defined ARM)
3111   UNSUPPORTED_OPTION(UseG1GC, "G1 GC");
3112 #endif
3113 
3114 #ifndef PRODUCT
3115   if (TraceBytecodesAt != 0) {
3116     TraceBytecodes = true;
3117   }
3118   if (CountCompiledCalls) {
3119     if (UseCounterDecay) {
3120       warning("UseCounterDecay disabled because CountCalls is set");
3121       UseCounterDecay = false;
3122     }
3123   }
3124 #endif // PRODUCT
3125 
3126   // JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7
3127   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk17x_version()) {
3128     if (EnableInvokeDynamic) {
3129       if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(EnableInvokeDynamic)) {
3130         warning("JSR 292 is not supported before 1.7.  Disabling support.");
3131       }
3132       EnableInvokeDynamic = false;
3133     }
3134   }
3135 
3136   if (EnableInvokeDynamic && ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3137     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3138       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because EnableInvokeDynamic is true");
3139     }
3140     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3141   }
3142   if (!JavaObjectsInPerm && ScavengeRootsInCode == 0) {
3143     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(ScavengeRootsInCode)) {
3144       warning("forcing ScavengeRootsInCode non-zero because JavaObjectsInPerm is false");
3145     }
3146     ScavengeRootsInCode = 1;
3147   }
3148 
3149   if (PrintGCDetails) {
3150     // Turn on -verbose:gc options as well
3151     PrintGC = true;
3152   }
3153 
3154   if (!JDK_Version::is_gte_jdk18x_version()) {
3155     // To avoid changing the log format for 7 updates this flag is only
3156     // true by default in JDK8 and above.
3157     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause)) {
3158       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PrintGCCause, false);
3159     }
3160   }
3161 
3162   // Set object alignment values.
3163   set_object_alignment();
3164 
3165 #ifdef SERIALGC
3166   force_serial_gc();
3167 #endif // SERIALGC
3168 
3169   // Set flags based on ergonomics.
3170   set_ergonomics_flags();
3171 
3172   set_shared_spaces_flags();
3173 
3174   // Check the GC selections again.
3175   if (!check_gc_consistency()) {
3176     return JNI_EINVAL;
3177   }
3178 
3179   if (TieredCompilation) {
3180     set_tiered_flags();
3181   } else {
3182     // Check if the policy is valid. Policies 0 and 1 are valid for non-tiered setup.
3183     if (CompilationPolicyChoice >= 2) {
3184       vm_exit_during_initialization(
3185         "Incompatible compilation policy selected", NULL);
3186     }
3187   }
3188   set_heap_base_min_address();
3189   // Set heap size based on available physical memory
3190   set_heap_size();
3191   // Set per-collector flags
3192   if (UseParallelGC || UseParallelOldGC) {
3193     set_parallel_gc_flags();
3194   } else if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) { // should be done before ParNew check below
3195     set_cms_and_parnew_gc_flags();
3196   } else if (UseParNewGC) {  // skipped if CMS is set above
3197     set_parnew_gc_flags();
3198   } else if (UseG1GC) {
3199     set_g1_gc_flags();
3200   }
3201 
3202 #ifdef SERIALGC
3203   assert(verify_serial_gc_flags(), "SerialGC unset");
3204 #endif // SERIALGC
3205 
3206   // Set bytecode rewriting flags
3207   set_bytecode_flags();
3208 
3209   // Set flags if Aggressive optimization flags (-XX:+AggressiveOpts) enabled.
3210   set_aggressive_opts_flags();
3211 
3212   // Turn off biased locking for locking debug mode flags,
3213   // which are subtlely different from each other but neither works with
3214   // biased locking.
3215   if (UseHeavyMonitors
3216 #ifdef COMPILER1
3217       || !UseFastLocking
3218 #endif // COMPILER1
3219     ) {
3220     if (!FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking) && UseBiasedLocking) {
3221       // flag set to true on command line; warn the user that they
3222       // can't enable biased locking here
3223       warning("Biased Locking is not supported with locking debug flags"
3224               "; ignoring UseBiasedLocking flag." );
3225     }
3226     UseBiasedLocking = false;
3227   }
3228 
3229 #ifdef CC_INTERP
3230   // Clear flags not supported by the C++ interpreter
3231   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(ProfileInterpreter, false);
3232   FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseBiasedLocking, false);
3233   LP64_ONLY(FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(UseCompressedOops, false));
3234 #endif // CC_INTERP
3235 
3236 #ifdef COMPILER2
3237   if (!UseBiasedLocking || EmitSync != 0) {
3238     UseOptoBiasInlining = false;
3239   }
3240   if (!EliminateLocks) {
3241     EliminateNestedLocks = false;
3242   }
3243   if (!Inline) {
3244     IncrementalInline = false;
3245   }
3246 #ifndef PRODUCT
3247   if (!IncrementalInline) {
3248     AlwaysIncrementalInline = false;
3249   }
3250 #endif
3251   if (IncrementalInline && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit)) {
3252     // incremental inlining: bump MaxNodeLimit
3253     FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(MaxNodeLimit, (intx)75000);
3254   }
3255 #endif
3256 
3257   if (PrintAssembly && FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(DebugNonSafepoints)) {
3258     warning("PrintAssembly is enabled; turning on DebugNonSafepoints to gain additional output");
3259     DebugNonSafepoints = true;
3260   }
3261 
3262 #ifndef PRODUCT
3263   if (CompileTheWorld) {
3264     // Force NmethodSweeper to sweep whole CodeCache each time.
3265     if (FLAG_IS_DEFAULT(NmethodSweepFraction)) {
3266       NmethodSweepFraction = 1;
3267     }
3268   }
3269 #endif
3270 
3271   if (PrintCommandLineFlags) {
3272     CommandLineFlags::printSetFlags(tty);
3273   }
3274 
3275   // Apply CPU specific policy for the BiasedLocking
3276   if (UseBiasedLocking) {
3277     if (!VM_Version::use_biased_locking() &&
3278         !(FLAG_IS_CMDLINE(UseBiasedLocking))) {
3279       UseBiasedLocking = false;
3280     }
3281   }
3282 
3283   // set PauseAtExit if the gamma launcher was used and a debugger is attached
3284   // but only if not already set on the commandline
3285   if (Arguments::created_by_gamma_launcher() && os::is_debugger_attached()) {
3286     bool set = false;
3287     CommandLineFlags::wasSetOnCmdline("PauseAtExit", &set);
3288     if (!set) {
3289       FLAG_SET_DEFAULT(PauseAtExit, true);
3290     }
3291   }
3292 
3293   return JNI_OK;
3294 }
3295 
3296 int Arguments::PropertyList_count(SystemProperty* pl) {
3297   int count = 0;
3298   while(pl != NULL) {
3299     count++;
3300     pl = pl->next();
3301   }
3302   return count;
3303 }
3304 
3305 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value(SystemProperty *pl, const char* key) {
3306   assert(key != NULL, "just checking");
3307   SystemProperty* prop;
3308   for (prop = pl; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3309     if (strcmp(key, prop->key()) == 0) return prop->value();
3310   }
3311   return NULL;
3312 }
3313 
3314 const char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_key_at(SystemProperty *pl, int index) {
3315   int count = 0;
3316   const char* ret_val = NULL;
3317 
3318   while(pl != NULL) {
3319     if(count >= index) {
3320       ret_val = pl->key();
3321       break;
3322     }
3323     count++;
3324     pl = pl->next();
3325   }
3326 
3327   return ret_val;
3328 }
3329 
3330 char* Arguments::PropertyList_get_value_at(SystemProperty* pl, int index) {
3331   int count = 0;
3332   char* ret_val = NULL;
3333 
3334   while(pl != NULL) {
3335     if(count >= index) {
3336       ret_val = pl->value();
3337       break;
3338     }
3339     count++;
3340     pl = pl->next();
3341   }
3342 
3343   return ret_val;
3344 }
3345 
3346 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, SystemProperty *new_p) {
3347   SystemProperty* p = *plist;
3348   if (p == NULL) {
3349     *plist = new_p;
3350   } else {
3351     while (p->next() != NULL) {
3352       p = p->next();
3353     }
3354     p->set_next(new_p);
3355   }
3356 }
3357 
3358 void Arguments::PropertyList_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v) {
3359   if (plist == NULL)
3360     return;
3361 
3362   SystemProperty* new_p = new SystemProperty(k, v, true);
3363   PropertyList_add(plist, new_p);
3364 }
3365 
3366 // This add maintains unique property key in the list.
3367 void Arguments::PropertyList_unique_add(SystemProperty** plist, const char* k, char* v, jboolean append) {
3368   if (plist == NULL)
3369     return;
3370 
3371   // If property key exist then update with new value.
3372   SystemProperty* prop;
3373   for (prop = *plist; prop != NULL; prop = prop->next()) {
3374     if (strcmp(k, prop->key()) == 0) {
3375       if (append) {
3376         prop->append_value(v);
3377       } else {
3378         prop->set_value(v);
3379       }
3380       return;
3381     }
3382   }
3383 
3384   PropertyList_add(plist, k, v);
3385 }
3386 
3387 // Copies src into buf, replacing "%%" with "%" and "%p" with pid
3388 // Returns true if all of the source pointed by src has been copied over to
3389 // the destination buffer pointed by buf. Otherwise, returns false.
3390 // Notes:
3391 // 1. If the length (buflen) of the destination buffer excluding the
3392 // NULL terminator character is not long enough for holding the expanded
3393 // pid characters, it also returns false instead of returning the partially
3394 // expanded one.
3395 // 2. The passed in "buflen" should be large enough to hold the null terminator.
3396 bool Arguments::copy_expand_pid(const char* src, size_t srclen,
3397                                 char* buf, size_t buflen) {
3398   const char* p = src;
3399   char* b = buf;
3400   const char* src_end = &src[srclen];
3401   char* buf_end = &buf[buflen - 1];
3402 
3403   while (p < src_end && b < buf_end) {
3404     if (*p == '%') {
3405       switch (*(++p)) {
3406       case '%':         // "%%" ==> "%"
3407         *b++ = *p++;
3408         break;
3409       case 'p':  {       //  "%p" ==> current process id
3410         // buf_end points to the character before the last character so
3411         // that we could write '\0' to the end of the buffer.
3412         size_t buf_sz = buf_end - b + 1;
3413         int ret = jio_snprintf(b, buf_sz, "%d", os::current_process_id());
3414 
3415         // if jio_snprintf fails or the buffer is not long enough to hold
3416         // the expanded pid, returns false.
3417         if (ret < 0 || ret >= (int)buf_sz) {
3418           return false;
3419         } else {
3420           b += ret;
3421           assert(*b == '\0', "fail in copy_expand_pid");
3422           if (p == src_end && b == buf_end + 1) {
3423             // reach the end of the buffer.
3424             return true;
3425           }
3426         }
3427         p++;
3428         break;
3429       }
3430       default :
3431         *b++ = '%';
3432       }
3433     } else {
3434       *b++ = *p++;
3435     }
3436   }
3437   *b = '\0';
3438   return (p == src_end); // return false if not all of the source was copied
3439 }