1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2018, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #include "precompiled.hpp"
  26 #include "aot/aotLoader.hpp"
  27 #include "classfile/classLoader.hpp"
  28 #include "classfile/classLoaderData.hpp"
  29 #include "classfile/javaClasses.hpp"
  30 #include "classfile/stringTable.hpp"
  31 #include "classfile/systemDictionary.hpp"
  32 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  33 #include "code/codeCache.hpp"
  34 #include "code/dependencies.hpp"
  35 #include "gc/shared/cardTableBarrierSet.hpp"
  36 #include "gc/shared/collectedHeap.inline.hpp"
  37 #include "gc/shared/gcArguments.hpp"
  38 #include "gc/shared/gcConfig.hpp"
  39 #include "gc/shared/gcLocker.hpp"
  40 #include "gc/shared/generation.hpp"
  41 #include "gc/shared/gcTraceTime.inline.hpp"
  42 #include "gc/shared/space.hpp"
  43 #include "interpreter/interpreter.hpp"
  44 #include "logging/log.hpp"
  45 #include "logging/logStream.hpp"
  46 #include "memory/filemap.hpp"
  47 #include "memory/metadataFactory.hpp"
  48 #include "memory/metaspaceClosure.hpp"
  49 #include "memory/metaspaceCounters.hpp"
  50 #include "memory/metaspaceShared.hpp"
  51 #include "memory/oopFactory.hpp"
  52 #include "memory/resourceArea.hpp"
  53 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  54 #include "memory/universe.hpp"
  55 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  56 #include "oops/instanceClassLoaderKlass.hpp"
  57 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  58 #include "oops/instanceMirrorKlass.hpp"
  59 #include "oops/instanceRefKlass.hpp"
  60 #include "oops/objArrayOop.inline.hpp"
  61 #include "oops/oop.inline.hpp"
  62 #include "oops/typeArrayKlass.hpp"
  63 #include "prims/resolvedMethodTable.hpp"
  64 #include "runtime/arguments.hpp"
  65 #include "runtime/atomic.hpp"
  66 #include "runtime/commandLineFlagConstraintList.hpp"
  67 #include "runtime/deoptimization.hpp"
  68 #include "runtime/handles.inline.hpp"
  69 #include "runtime/init.hpp"
  70 #include "runtime/java.hpp"
  71 #include "runtime/javaCalls.hpp"
  72 #include "runtime/sharedRuntime.hpp"
  73 #include "runtime/synchronizer.hpp"
  74 #include "runtime/thread.inline.hpp"
  75 #include "runtime/timerTrace.hpp"
  76 #include "runtime/vm_operations.hpp"
  77 #include "services/memoryService.hpp"
  78 #include "utilities/align.hpp"
  79 #include "utilities/copy.hpp"
  80 #include "utilities/debug.hpp"
  81 #include "utilities/events.hpp"
  82 #include "utilities/formatBuffer.hpp"
  83 #include "utilities/hashtable.inline.hpp"
  84 #include "utilities/macros.hpp"
  85 #include "utilities/ostream.hpp"
  86 #include "utilities/preserveException.hpp"
  87 #if INCLUDE_CDS
  88 #include "classfile/sharedClassUtil.hpp"
  89 #endif
  90 
  91 // Known objects
  92 Klass* Universe::_boolArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  93 Klass* Universe::_byteArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  94 Klass* Universe::_charArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  95 Klass* Universe::_intArrayKlassObj                  = NULL;
  96 Klass* Universe::_shortArrayKlassObj                = NULL;
  97 Klass* Universe::_longArrayKlassObj                 = NULL;
  98 Klass* Universe::_singleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
  99 Klass* Universe::_doubleArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 100 Klass* Universe::_typeArrayKlassObjs[T_VOID+1]      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 101 Klass* Universe::_objectArrayKlassObj               = NULL;
 102 oop Universe::_int_mirror                             = NULL;
 103 oop Universe::_float_mirror                           = NULL;
 104 oop Universe::_double_mirror                          = NULL;
 105 oop Universe::_byte_mirror                            = NULL;
 106 oop Universe::_bool_mirror                            = NULL;
 107 oop Universe::_char_mirror                            = NULL;
 108 oop Universe::_long_mirror                            = NULL;
 109 oop Universe::_short_mirror                           = NULL;
 110 oop Universe::_void_mirror                            = NULL;
 111 oop Universe::_mirrors[T_VOID+1]                      = { NULL /*, NULL...*/ };
 112 oop Universe::_main_thread_group                      = NULL;
 113 oop Universe::_system_thread_group                    = NULL;
 114 objArrayOop Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array    = NULL;
 115 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_array_interfaces_array = NULL;
 116 oop Universe::_the_null_sentinel                      = NULL;
 117 oop Universe::_the_null_string                        = NULL;
 118 oop Universe::_the_min_jint_string                   = NULL;
 119 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = NULL;
 120 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = NULL;
 121 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = NULL;
 122 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = NULL;
 123 LatestMethodCache* Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache     = NULL;
 124 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap          = NULL;
 125 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace          = NULL;
 126 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace    = NULL;
 127 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size         = NULL;
 128 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit  = NULL;
 129 oop Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects    = NULL;
 130 oop Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message   = NULL;
 131 objArrayOop Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = NULL;
 132 volatile jint Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = 0;
 133 bool Universe::_verify_in_progress                    = false;
 134 long Universe::verify_flags                           = Universe::Verify_All;
 135 oop Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance            = NULL;
 136 oop Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance          = NULL;
 137 oop Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance         = NULL;
 138 oop Universe::_vm_exception                           = NULL;
 139 oop Universe::_reference_pending_list                 = NULL;
 140 
 141 Array<int>* Universe::_the_empty_int_array            = NULL;
 142 Array<u2>* Universe::_the_empty_short_array           = NULL;
 143 Array<Klass*>* Universe::_the_empty_klass_array     = NULL;
 144 Array<Method*>* Universe::_the_empty_method_array   = NULL;
 145 
 146 // These variables are guarded by FullGCALot_lock.
 147 debug_only(objArrayOop Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;)
 148 debug_only(int Universe::_fullgc_alot_dummy_next      = 0;)
 149 
 150 // Heap
 151 int             Universe::_verify_count = 0;
 152 
 153 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
 154 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_mask = 0;
 155 uintptr_t       Universe::_verify_oop_bits = (uintptr_t) -1;
 156 
 157 int             Universe::_base_vtable_size = 0;
 158 bool            Universe::_bootstrapping = false;
 159 bool            Universe::_module_initialized = false;
 160 bool            Universe::_fully_initialized = false;
 161 
 162 size_t          Universe::_heap_capacity_at_last_gc;
 163 size_t          Universe::_heap_used_at_last_gc = 0;
 164 
 165 CollectedHeap*  Universe::_collectedHeap = NULL;
 166 
 167 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_oop = { NULL, 0, true };
 168 NarrowPtrStruct Universe::_narrow_klass = { NULL, 0, true };
 169 address Universe::_narrow_ptrs_base;
 170 uint64_t Universe::_narrow_klass_range = (uint64_t(max_juint)+1);
 171 
 172 void Universe::basic_type_classes_do(void f(Klass*)) {
 173   f(boolArrayKlassObj());
 174   f(byteArrayKlassObj());
 175   f(charArrayKlassObj());
 176   f(intArrayKlassObj());
 177   f(shortArrayKlassObj());
 178   f(longArrayKlassObj());
 179   f(singleArrayKlassObj());
 180   f(doubleArrayKlassObj());
 181 }
 182 
 183 void Universe::oops_do(OopClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 184 
 185   f->do_oop((oop*) &_int_mirror);
 186   f->do_oop((oop*) &_float_mirror);
 187   f->do_oop((oop*) &_double_mirror);
 188   f->do_oop((oop*) &_byte_mirror);
 189   f->do_oop((oop*) &_bool_mirror);
 190   f->do_oop((oop*) &_char_mirror);
 191   f->do_oop((oop*) &_long_mirror);
 192   f->do_oop((oop*) &_short_mirror);
 193   f->do_oop((oop*) &_void_mirror);
 194 
 195   for (int i = T_BOOLEAN; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 196     f->do_oop((oop*) &_mirrors[i]);
 197   }
 198   assert(_mirrors[0] == NULL && _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN - 1] == NULL, "checking");
 199 
 200   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_empty_class_klass_array);
 201   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_sentinel);
 202   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_null_string);
 203   f->do_oop((oop*)&_the_min_jint_string);
 204   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_java_heap);
 205   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_metaspace);
 206   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace);
 207   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_array_size);
 208   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit);
 209   f->do_oop((oop*)&_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects);
 210   f->do_oop((oop*)&_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message);
 211   f->do_oop((oop*)&_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array);
 212   f->do_oop((oop*)&_null_ptr_exception_instance);
 213   f->do_oop((oop*)&_arithmetic_exception_instance);
 214   f->do_oop((oop*)&_virtual_machine_error_instance);
 215   f->do_oop((oop*)&_main_thread_group);
 216   f->do_oop((oop*)&_system_thread_group);
 217   f->do_oop((oop*)&_vm_exception);
 218   f->do_oop((oop*)&_reference_pending_list);
 219   debug_only(f->do_oop((oop*)&_fullgc_alot_dummy_array);)
 220 }
 221 
 222 void LatestMethodCache::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 223   it->push(&_klass);
 224 }
 225 
 226 void Universe::metaspace_pointers_do(MetaspaceClosure* it) {
 227   it->push(&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 228   it->push(&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 229   it->push(&_charArrayKlassObj);
 230   it->push(&_intArrayKlassObj);
 231   it->push(&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 232   it->push(&_longArrayKlassObj);
 233   it->push(&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 234   it->push(&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 235   for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 236     it->push(&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 237   }
 238   it->push(&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 239 
 240   it->push(&_the_empty_int_array);
 241   it->push(&_the_empty_short_array);
 242   it->push(&_the_empty_klass_array);
 243   it->push(&_the_empty_method_array);
 244   it->push(&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 245 
 246   _finalizer_register_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 247   _loader_addClass_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 248   _pd_implies_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 249   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 250   _do_stack_walk_cache->metaspace_pointers_do(it);
 251 }
 252 
 253 // Serialize metadata and pointers to primitive type mirrors in and out of CDS archive
 254 void Universe::serialize(SerializeClosure* f, bool do_all) {
 255 
 256   f->do_ptr((void**)&_boolArrayKlassObj);
 257   f->do_ptr((void**)&_byteArrayKlassObj);
 258   f->do_ptr((void**)&_charArrayKlassObj);
 259   f->do_ptr((void**)&_intArrayKlassObj);
 260   f->do_ptr((void**)&_shortArrayKlassObj);
 261   f->do_ptr((void**)&_longArrayKlassObj);
 262   f->do_ptr((void**)&_singleArrayKlassObj);
 263   f->do_ptr((void**)&_doubleArrayKlassObj);
 264   f->do_ptr((void**)&_objectArrayKlassObj);
 265 
 266   {
 267     for (int i = 0; i < T_VOID+1; i++) {
 268       if (_typeArrayKlassObjs[i] != NULL) {
 269         assert(i >= T_BOOLEAN, "checking");
 270         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 271       } else if (do_all) {
 272         f->do_ptr((void**)&_typeArrayKlassObjs[i]);
 273       }
 274     }
 275   }
 276 
 277 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 278   // The mirrors are NULL if MetaspaceShared::is_heap_object_archiving_allowed
 279   // is false.
 280   f->do_oop(&_int_mirror);
 281   f->do_oop(&_float_mirror);
 282   f->do_oop(&_double_mirror);
 283   f->do_oop(&_byte_mirror);
 284   f->do_oop(&_bool_mirror);
 285   f->do_oop(&_char_mirror);
 286   f->do_oop(&_long_mirror);
 287   f->do_oop(&_short_mirror);
 288   f->do_oop(&_void_mirror);
 289 #endif
 290 
 291   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_array_interfaces_array);
 292   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_int_array);
 293   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_short_array);
 294   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_method_array);
 295   f->do_ptr((void**)&_the_empty_klass_array);
 296   _finalizer_register_cache->serialize(f);
 297   _loader_addClass_cache->serialize(f);
 298   _pd_implies_cache->serialize(f);
 299   _throw_illegal_access_error_cache->serialize(f);
 300   _do_stack_walk_cache->serialize(f);
 301 }
 302 
 303 void Universe::check_alignment(uintx size, uintx alignment, const char* name) {
 304   if (size < alignment || size % alignment != 0) {
 305     vm_exit_during_initialization(
 306       err_msg("Size of %s (" UINTX_FORMAT " bytes) must be aligned to " UINTX_FORMAT " bytes", name, size, alignment));
 307   }
 308 }
 309 
 310 void initialize_basic_type_klass(Klass* k, TRAPS) {
 311   Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 312 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 313   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 314     ClassLoaderData* loader_data = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 315     assert(k->super() == ok, "u3");
 316     k->restore_unshareable_info(loader_data, Handle(), CHECK);
 317   } else
 318 #endif
 319   {
 320     k->initialize_supers(ok, CHECK);
 321   }
 322   k->append_to_sibling_list();
 323 }
 324 
 325 void Universe::genesis(TRAPS) {
 326   ResourceMark rm;
 327 
 328   { FlagSetting fs(_bootstrapping, true);
 329 
 330     { MutexLocker mc(Compile_lock);
 331 
 332       java_lang_Class::allocate_fixup_lists();
 333 
 334       // determine base vtable size; without that we cannot create the array klasses
 335       compute_base_vtable_size();
 336 
 337       if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 338         _boolArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BOOLEAN, sizeof(jboolean), CHECK);
 339         _charArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_CHAR,    sizeof(jchar),    CHECK);
 340         _singleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_FLOAT,   sizeof(jfloat),   CHECK);
 341         _doubleArrayKlassObj    = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_DOUBLE,  sizeof(jdouble),  CHECK);
 342         _byteArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_BYTE,    sizeof(jbyte),    CHECK);
 343         _shortArrayKlassObj     = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_SHORT,   sizeof(jshort),   CHECK);
 344         _intArrayKlassObj       = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_INT,     sizeof(jint),     CHECK);
 345         _longArrayKlassObj      = TypeArrayKlass::create_klass(T_LONG,    sizeof(jlong),    CHECK);
 346 
 347         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BOOLEAN] = _boolArrayKlassObj;
 348         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_CHAR]    = _charArrayKlassObj;
 349         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_FLOAT]   = _singleArrayKlassObj;
 350         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_DOUBLE]  = _doubleArrayKlassObj;
 351         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_BYTE]    = _byteArrayKlassObj;
 352         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_SHORT]   = _shortArrayKlassObj;
 353         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_INT]     = _intArrayKlassObj;
 354         _typeArrayKlassObjs[T_LONG]    = _longArrayKlassObj;
 355 
 356         ClassLoaderData* null_cld = ClassLoaderData::the_null_class_loader_data();
 357 
 358         _the_array_interfaces_array = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 2, NULL, CHECK);
 359         _the_empty_int_array        = MetadataFactory::new_array<int>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 360         _the_empty_short_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<u2>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 361         _the_empty_method_array     = MetadataFactory::new_array<Method*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 362         _the_empty_klass_array      = MetadataFactory::new_array<Klass*>(null_cld, 0, CHECK);
 363       }
 364     }
 365 
 366     vmSymbols::initialize(CHECK);
 367 
 368     SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK);
 369 
 370     Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
 371 
 372     _the_null_string            = StringTable::intern("null", CHECK);
 373     _the_min_jint_string       = StringTable::intern("-2147483648", CHECK);
 374 
 375 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 376     if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 377       // Verify shared interfaces array.
 378       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(0) ==
 379              SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass(), "u3");
 380       assert(_the_array_interfaces_array->at(1) ==
 381              SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass(), "u3");
 382       MetaspaceShared::fixup_mapped_heap_regions();
 383     } else
 384 #endif
 385     {
 386       // Set up shared interfaces array.  (Do this before supers are set up.)
 387       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(0, SystemDictionary::Cloneable_klass());
 388       _the_array_interfaces_array->at_put(1, SystemDictionary::Serializable_klass());
 389     }
 390 
 391     initialize_basic_type_klass(boolArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 392     initialize_basic_type_klass(charArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 393     initialize_basic_type_klass(singleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 394     initialize_basic_type_klass(doubleArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 395     initialize_basic_type_klass(byteArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 396     initialize_basic_type_klass(shortArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 397     initialize_basic_type_klass(intArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 398     initialize_basic_type_klass(longArrayKlassObj(), CHECK);
 399   } // end of core bootstrapping
 400 
 401   {
 402     Handle tns = java_lang_String::create_from_str("<null_sentinel>", CHECK);
 403     _the_null_sentinel = tns();
 404   }
 405 
 406   // Maybe this could be lifted up now that object array can be initialized
 407   // during the bootstrapping.
 408 
 409   // OLD
 410   // Initialize _objectArrayKlass after core bootstraping to make
 411   // sure the super class is set up properly for _objectArrayKlass.
 412   // ---
 413   // NEW
 414   // Since some of the old system object arrays have been converted to
 415   // ordinary object arrays, _objectArrayKlass will be loaded when
 416   // SystemDictionary::initialize(CHECK); is run. See the extra check
 417   // for Object_klass_loaded in objArrayKlassKlass::allocate_objArray_klass_impl.
 418   _objectArrayKlassObj = InstanceKlass::
 419     cast(SystemDictionary::Object_klass())->array_klass(1, CHECK);
 420   // OLD
 421   // Add the class to the class hierarchy manually to make sure that
 422   // its vtable is initialized after core bootstrapping is completed.
 423   // ---
 424   // New
 425   // Have already been initialized.
 426   _objectArrayKlassObj->append_to_sibling_list();
 427 
 428   #ifdef ASSERT
 429   if (FullGCALot) {
 430     // Allocate an array of dummy objects.
 431     // We'd like these to be at the bottom of the old generation,
 432     // so that when we free one and then collect,
 433     // (almost) the whole heap moves
 434     // and we find out if we actually update all the oops correctly.
 435     // But we can't allocate directly in the old generation,
 436     // so we allocate wherever, and hope that the first collection
 437     // moves these objects to the bottom of the old generation.
 438     // We can allocate directly in the permanent generation, so we do.
 439     int size;
 440     if (UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
 441       log_warning(gc)("Using +FullGCALot with concurrent mark sweep gc will not force all objects to relocate");
 442       size = FullGCALotDummies;
 443     } else {
 444       size = FullGCALotDummies * 2;
 445     }
 446     objArrayOop    naked_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Object_klass(), size, CHECK);
 447     objArrayHandle dummy_array(THREAD, naked_array);
 448     int i = 0;
 449     while (i < size) {
 450         // Allocate dummy in old generation
 451       oop dummy = SystemDictionary::Object_klass()->allocate_instance(CHECK);
 452       dummy_array->obj_at_put(i++, dummy);
 453     }
 454     {
 455       // Only modify the global variable inside the mutex.
 456       // If we had a race to here, the other dummy_array instances
 457       // and their elements just get dropped on the floor, which is fine.
 458       MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
 459       if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array == NULL) {
 460         _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = dummy_array();
 461       }
 462     }
 463     assert(i == _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length(), "just checking");
 464   }
 465   #endif
 466 }
 467 
 468 void Universe::initialize_basic_type_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 469 #if INCLUDE_CDS_JAVA_HEAP
 470     if (UseSharedSpaces &&
 471         MetaspaceShared::open_archive_heap_region_mapped() &&
 472         _int_mirror != NULL) {
 473       assert(MetaspaceShared::is_heap_object_archiving_allowed(), "Sanity");
 474       assert(_float_mirror != NULL && _double_mirror != NULL &&
 475              _byte_mirror  != NULL && _byte_mirror   != NULL &&
 476              _bool_mirror  != NULL && _char_mirror   != NULL &&
 477              _long_mirror  != NULL && _short_mirror  != NULL &&
 478              _void_mirror  != NULL, "Sanity");
 479     } else
 480 #endif
 481     {
 482       _int_mirror     =
 483         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("int",    T_INT, CHECK);
 484       _float_mirror   =
 485         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("float",  T_FLOAT,   CHECK);
 486       _double_mirror  =
 487         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("double", T_DOUBLE,  CHECK);
 488       _byte_mirror    =
 489         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("byte",   T_BYTE, CHECK);
 490       _bool_mirror    =
 491         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("boolean",T_BOOLEAN, CHECK);
 492       _char_mirror    =
 493         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("char",   T_CHAR, CHECK);
 494       _long_mirror    =
 495         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("long",   T_LONG, CHECK);
 496       _short_mirror   =
 497         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("short",  T_SHORT,   CHECK);
 498       _void_mirror    =
 499         java_lang_Class::create_basic_type_mirror("void",   T_VOID, CHECK);
 500     }
 501 
 502     _mirrors[T_INT]     = _int_mirror;
 503     _mirrors[T_FLOAT]   = _float_mirror;
 504     _mirrors[T_DOUBLE]  = _double_mirror;
 505     _mirrors[T_BYTE]    = _byte_mirror;
 506     _mirrors[T_BOOLEAN] = _bool_mirror;
 507     _mirrors[T_CHAR]    = _char_mirror;
 508     _mirrors[T_LONG]    = _long_mirror;
 509     _mirrors[T_SHORT]   = _short_mirror;
 510     _mirrors[T_VOID]    = _void_mirror;
 511   //_mirrors[T_OBJECT]  = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 512   //_mirrors[T_ARRAY]   = _object_klass->java_mirror();
 513 }
 514 
 515 void Universe::fixup_mirrors(TRAPS) {
 516   // Bootstrap problem: all classes gets a mirror (java.lang.Class instance) assigned eagerly,
 517   // but we cannot do that for classes created before java.lang.Class is loaded. Here we simply
 518   // walk over permanent objects created so far (mostly classes) and fixup their mirrors. Note
 519   // that the number of objects allocated at this point is very small.
 520   assert(SystemDictionary::Class_klass_loaded(), "java.lang.Class should be loaded");
 521   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
 522   // Cache the start of the static fields
 523   InstanceMirrorKlass::init_offset_of_static_fields();
 524 
 525   GrowableArray <Klass*>* list = java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 526   int list_length = list->length();
 527   for (int i = 0; i < list_length; i++) {
 528     Klass* k = list->at(i);
 529     assert(k->is_klass(), "List should only hold classes");
 530     EXCEPTION_MARK;
 531     java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror(k, CATCH);
 532   }
 533   delete java_lang_Class::fixup_mirror_list();
 534   java_lang_Class::set_fixup_mirror_list(NULL);
 535 }
 536 
 537 #define assert_pll_locked(test) \
 538   assert(Heap_lock->test(), "Reference pending list access requires lock")
 539 
 540 #define assert_pll_ownership() assert_pll_locked(owned_by_self)
 541 
 542 oop Universe::reference_pending_list() {
 543   if (Thread::current()->is_VM_thread()) {
 544     assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 545   } else {
 546     assert_pll_ownership();
 547   }
 548   return _reference_pending_list;
 549 }
 550 
 551 void Universe::set_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 552   assert_pll_ownership();
 553   _reference_pending_list = list;
 554 }
 555 
 556 bool Universe::has_reference_pending_list() {
 557   assert_pll_ownership();
 558   return _reference_pending_list != NULL;
 559 }
 560 
 561 oop Universe::swap_reference_pending_list(oop list) {
 562   assert_pll_locked(is_locked);
 563   return Atomic::xchg(list, &_reference_pending_list);
 564 }
 565 
 566 #undef assert_pll_locked
 567 #undef assert_pll_ownership
 568 
 569 // initialize_vtable could cause gc if
 570 // 1) we specified true to initialize_vtable and
 571 // 2) this ran after gc was enabled
 572 // In case those ever change we use handles for oops
 573 void Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(Klass* ko, TRAPS) {
 574   // init vtable of k and all subclasses
 575   ko->vtable().initialize_vtable(false, CHECK);
 576   if (ko->is_instance_klass()) {
 577     for (Klass* sk = ko->subklass();
 578          sk != NULL;
 579          sk = sk->next_sibling()) {
 580       reinitialize_vtable_of(sk, CHECK);
 581     }
 582   }
 583 }
 584 
 585 
 586 void initialize_itable_for_klass(InstanceKlass* k, TRAPS) {
 587   k->itable().initialize_itable(false, CHECK);
 588 }
 589 
 590 
 591 void Universe::reinitialize_itables(TRAPS) {
 592   ClassLoaderDataGraph::dictionary_classes_do(initialize_itable_for_klass, CHECK);
 593 }
 594 
 595 
 596 bool Universe::on_page_boundary(void* addr) {
 597   return is_aligned(addr, os::vm_page_size());
 598 }
 599 
 600 
 601 bool Universe::should_fill_in_stack_trace(Handle throwable) {
 602   // never attempt to fill in the stack trace of preallocated errors that do not have
 603   // backtrace. These errors are kept alive forever and may be "re-used" when all
 604   // preallocated errors with backtrace have been consumed. Also need to avoid
 605   // a potential loop which could happen if an out of memory occurs when attempting
 606   // to allocate the backtrace.
 607   return ((!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap)) &&
 608           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace))  &&
 609           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace))  &&
 610           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size)) &&
 611           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit)) &&
 612           (!oopDesc::equals(throwable(), Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects)));
 613 }
 614 
 615 
 616 oop Universe::gen_out_of_memory_error(oop default_err) {
 617   // generate an out of memory error:
 618   // - if there is a preallocated error and stack traces are available
 619   //   (j.l.Throwable is initialized), then return the preallocated
 620   //   error with a filled in stack trace, and with the message
 621   //   provided by the default error.
 622   // - otherwise, return the default error, without a stack trace.
 623   int next;
 624   if ((_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count > 0) &&
 625       SystemDictionary::Throwable_klass()->is_initialized()) {
 626     next = (int)Atomic::add(-1, &_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count);
 627     assert(next < (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount, "avail count is corrupt");
 628   } else {
 629     next = -1;
 630   }
 631   if (next < 0) {
 632     // all preallocated errors have been used.
 633     // return default
 634     return default_err;
 635   } else {
 636     Thread* THREAD = Thread::current();
 637     Handle default_err_h(THREAD, default_err);
 638     // get the error object at the slot and set set it to NULL so that the
 639     // array isn't keeping it alive anymore.
 640     Handle exc(THREAD, preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at(next));
 641     assert(exc() != NULL, "slot has been used already");
 642     preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(next, NULL);
 643 
 644     // use the message from the default error
 645     oop msg = java_lang_Throwable::message(default_err_h());
 646     assert(msg != NULL, "no message");
 647     java_lang_Throwable::set_message(exc(), msg);
 648 
 649     // populate the stack trace and return it.
 650     java_lang_Throwable::fill_in_stack_trace_of_preallocated_backtrace(exc);
 651     return exc();
 652   }
 653 }
 654 
 655 intptr_t Universe::_non_oop_bits = 0;
 656 
 657 void* Universe::non_oop_word() {
 658   // Neither the high bits nor the low bits of this value is allowed
 659   // to look like (respectively) the high or low bits of a real oop.
 660   //
 661   // High and low are CPU-specific notions, but low always includes
 662   // the low-order bit.  Since oops are always aligned at least mod 4,
 663   // setting the low-order bit will ensure that the low half of the
 664   // word will never look like that of a real oop.
 665   //
 666   // Using the OS-supplied non-memory-address word (usually 0 or -1)
 667   // will take care of the high bits, however many there are.
 668 
 669   if (_non_oop_bits == 0) {
 670     _non_oop_bits = (intptr_t)os::non_memory_address_word() | 1;
 671   }
 672 
 673   return (void*)_non_oop_bits;
 674 }
 675 
 676 jint universe_init() {
 677   assert(!Universe::_fully_initialized, "called after initialize_vtables");
 678   guarantee(1 << LogHeapWordSize == sizeof(HeapWord),
 679          "LogHeapWordSize is incorrect.");
 680   guarantee(sizeof(oop) >= sizeof(HeapWord), "HeapWord larger than oop?");
 681   guarantee(sizeof(oop) % sizeof(HeapWord) == 0,
 682             "oop size is not not a multiple of HeapWord size");
 683 
 684   TraceTime timer("Genesis", TRACETIME_LOG(Info, startuptime));
 685 
 686   JavaClasses::compute_hard_coded_offsets();
 687 
 688   jint status = Universe::initialize_heap();
 689   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 690     return status;
 691   }
 692 
 693   SystemDictionary::initialize_oop_storage();
 694 
 695   Metaspace::global_initialize();
 696 
 697   // Initialize performance counters for metaspaces
 698   MetaspaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
 699   CompressedClassSpaceCounters::initialize_performance_counters();
 700 
 701   AOTLoader::universe_init();
 702 
 703   // Checks 'AfterMemoryInit' constraints.
 704   if (!CommandLineFlagConstraintList::check_constraints(CommandLineFlagConstraint::AfterMemoryInit)) {
 705     return JNI_EINVAL;
 706   }
 707 
 708   // Create memory for metadata.  Must be after initializing heap for
 709   // DumpSharedSpaces.
 710   ClassLoaderData::init_null_class_loader_data();
 711 
 712   // We have a heap so create the Method* caches before
 713   // Metaspace::initialize_shared_spaces() tries to populate them.
 714   Universe::_finalizer_register_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 715   Universe::_loader_addClass_cache    = new LatestMethodCache();
 716   Universe::_pd_implies_cache         = new LatestMethodCache();
 717   Universe::_throw_illegal_access_error_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 718   Universe::_do_stack_walk_cache = new LatestMethodCache();
 719 
 720 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 721   if (UseSharedSpaces) {
 722     // Read the data structures supporting the shared spaces (shared
 723     // system dictionary, symbol table, etc.).  After that, access to
 724     // the file (other than the mapped regions) is no longer needed, and
 725     // the file is closed. Closing the file does not affect the
 726     // currently mapped regions.
 727     MetaspaceShared::initialize_shared_spaces();
 728     StringTable::create_table();
 729   } else
 730 #endif
 731   {
 732     SymbolTable::create_table();
 733     StringTable::create_table();
 734 
 735 #if INCLUDE_CDS
 736     if (DumpSharedSpaces) {
 737       MetaspaceShared::prepare_for_dumping();
 738     }
 739 #endif
 740   }
 741   if (strlen(VerifySubSet) > 0) {
 742     Universe::initialize_verify_flags();
 743   }
 744 
 745   ResolvedMethodTable::create_table();
 746 
 747   return JNI_OK;
 748 }
 749 
 750 CollectedHeap* Universe::create_heap() {
 751   assert(_collectedHeap == NULL, "Heap already created");
 752   return GCConfig::arguments()->create_heap();
 753 }
 754 
 755 // Choose the heap base address and oop encoding mode
 756 // when compressed oops are used:
 757 // Unscaled  - Use 32-bits oops without encoding when
 758 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 4Gb
 759 // ZeroBased - Use zero based compressed oops with encoding when
 760 //     NarrowOopHeapBaseMin + heap_size < 32Gb
 761 // HeapBased - Use compressed oops with heap base + encoding.
 762 
 763 jint Universe::initialize_heap() {
 764   _collectedHeap = create_heap();
 765   jint status = _collectedHeap->initialize();
 766   if (status != JNI_OK) {
 767     return status;
 768   }
 769   log_info(gc)("Using %s", _collectedHeap->name());
 770 
 771   ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::set_max_size(Universe::heap()->max_tlab_size());
 772 
 773 #ifdef _LP64
 774   if (UseCompressedOops) {
 775     // Subtract a page because something can get allocated at heap base.
 776     // This also makes implicit null checking work, because the
 777     // memory+1 page below heap_base needs to cause a signal.
 778     // See needs_explicit_null_check.
 779     // Only set the heap base for compressed oops because it indicates
 780     // compressed oops for pstack code.
 781     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() > UnscaledOopHeapMax) {
 782       // Didn't reserve heap below 4Gb.  Must shift.
 783       Universe::set_narrow_oop_shift(LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes);
 784     }
 785     if ((uint64_t)Universe::heap()->reserved_region().end() <= OopEncodingHeapMax) {
 786       // Did reserve heap below 32Gb. Can use base == 0;
 787       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base(0);
 788     }
 789 
 790     Universe::set_narrow_ptrs_base(Universe::narrow_oop_base());
 791 
 792     LogTarget(Info, gc, heap, coops) lt;
 793     if (lt.is_enabled()) {
 794       ResourceMark rm;
 795       LogStream ls(lt);
 796       Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(&ls);
 797     }
 798 
 799     // Tell tests in which mode we run.
 800     Arguments::PropertyList_add(new SystemProperty("java.vm.compressedOopsMode",
 801                                                    narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()),
 802                                                    false));
 803   }
 804   // Universe::narrow_oop_base() is one page below the heap.
 805   assert((intptr_t)Universe::narrow_oop_base() <= (intptr_t)(Universe::heap()->base() -
 806          os::vm_page_size()) ||
 807          Universe::narrow_oop_base() == NULL, "invalid value");
 808   assert(Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == LogMinObjAlignmentInBytes ||
 809          Universe::narrow_oop_shift() == 0, "invalid value");
 810 #endif
 811 
 812   // We will never reach the CATCH below since Exceptions::_throw will cause
 813   // the VM to exit if an exception is thrown during initialization
 814 
 815   if (UseTLAB) {
 816     assert(Universe::heap()->supports_tlab_allocation(),
 817            "Should support thread-local allocation buffers");
 818     ThreadLocalAllocBuffer::startup_initialization();
 819   }
 820   return JNI_OK;
 821 }
 822 
 823 void Universe::print_compressed_oops_mode(outputStream* st) {
 824   st->print("Heap address: " PTR_FORMAT ", size: " SIZE_FORMAT " MB",
 825             p2i(Universe::heap()->base()), Universe::heap()->reserved_region().byte_size()/M);
 826 
 827   st->print(", Compressed Oops mode: %s", narrow_oop_mode_to_string(narrow_oop_mode()));
 828 
 829   if (Universe::narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 830     st->print(": " PTR_FORMAT, p2i(Universe::narrow_oop_base()));
 831   }
 832 
 833   if (Universe::narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 834     st->print(", Oop shift amount: %d", Universe::narrow_oop_shift());
 835   }
 836 
 837   if (!Universe::narrow_oop_use_implicit_null_checks()) {
 838     st->print(", no protected page in front of the heap");
 839   }
 840   st->cr();
 841 }
 842 
 843 ReservedSpace Universe::reserve_heap(size_t heap_size, size_t alignment) {
 844 
 845   assert(alignment <= Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment(),
 846          "actual alignment " SIZE_FORMAT " must be within maximum heap alignment " SIZE_FORMAT,
 847          alignment, Arguments::conservative_max_heap_alignment());
 848 
 849   size_t total_reserved = align_up(heap_size, alignment);
 850   assert(!UseCompressedOops || (total_reserved <= (OopEncodingHeapMax - os::vm_page_size())),
 851       "heap size is too big for compressed oops");
 852 
 853   bool use_large_pages = UseLargePages && is_aligned(alignment, os::large_page_size());
 854   assert(!UseLargePages
 855       || UseParallelGC
 856       || use_large_pages, "Wrong alignment to use large pages");
 857 
 858   // Now create the space.
 859   ReservedHeapSpace total_rs(total_reserved, alignment, use_large_pages, AllocateHeapAt);
 860 
 861   if (total_rs.is_reserved()) {
 862     assert((total_reserved == total_rs.size()) && ((uintptr_t)total_rs.base() % alignment == 0),
 863            "must be exactly of required size and alignment");
 864     // We are good.
 865 
 866     if (UseCompressedOops) {
 867       // Universe::initialize_heap() will reset this to NULL if unscaled
 868       // or zero-based narrow oops are actually used.
 869       // Else heap start and base MUST differ, so that NULL can be encoded nonambigous.
 870       Universe::set_narrow_oop_base((address)total_rs.compressed_oop_base());
 871     }
 872 
 873     if (AllocateHeapAt != NULL) {
 874       log_info(gc,heap)("Successfully allocated Java heap at location %s", AllocateHeapAt);
 875     }
 876     return total_rs;
 877   }
 878 
 879   vm_exit_during_initialization(
 880     err_msg("Could not reserve enough space for " SIZE_FORMAT "KB object heap",
 881             total_reserved/K));
 882 
 883   // satisfy compiler
 884   ShouldNotReachHere();
 885   return ReservedHeapSpace(0, 0, false);
 886 }
 887 
 888 
 889 // It's the caller's responsibility to ensure glitch-freedom
 890 // (if required).
 891 void Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc() {
 892   _heap_capacity_at_last_gc = heap()->capacity();
 893   _heap_used_at_last_gc     = heap()->used();
 894 }
 895 
 896 
 897 const char* Universe::narrow_oop_mode_to_string(Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE mode) {
 898   switch (mode) {
 899     case UnscaledNarrowOop:
 900       return "32-bit";
 901     case ZeroBasedNarrowOop:
 902       return "Zero based";
 903     case DisjointBaseNarrowOop:
 904       return "Non-zero disjoint base";
 905     case HeapBasedNarrowOop:
 906       return "Non-zero based";
 907     default:
 908       ShouldNotReachHere();
 909       return "";
 910   }
 911 }
 912 
 913 
 914 Universe::NARROW_OOP_MODE Universe::narrow_oop_mode() {
 915   if (narrow_oop_base_disjoint()) {
 916     return DisjointBaseNarrowOop;
 917   }
 918 
 919   if (narrow_oop_base() != 0) {
 920     return HeapBasedNarrowOop;
 921   }
 922 
 923   if (narrow_oop_shift() != 0) {
 924     return ZeroBasedNarrowOop;
 925   }
 926 
 927   return UnscaledNarrowOop;
 928 }
 929 
 930 void initialize_known_method(LatestMethodCache* method_cache,
 931                              InstanceKlass* ik,
 932                              const char* method,
 933                              Symbol* signature,
 934                              bool is_static, TRAPS)
 935 {
 936   TempNewSymbol name = SymbolTable::new_symbol(method, CHECK);
 937   Method* m = NULL;
 938   // The klass must be linked before looking up the method.
 939   if (!ik->link_class_or_fail(THREAD) ||
 940       ((m = ik->find_method(name, signature)) == NULL) ||
 941       is_static != m->is_static()) {
 942     ResourceMark rm(THREAD);
 943     // NoSuchMethodException doesn't actually work because it tries to run the
 944     // <init> function before java_lang_Class is linked. Print error and exit.
 945     vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("Unable to link/verify %s.%s method",
 946                                  ik->name()->as_C_string(), method));
 947   }
 948   method_cache->init(ik, m);
 949 }
 950 
 951 void Universe::initialize_known_methods(TRAPS) {
 952   // Set up static method for registering finalizers
 953   initialize_known_method(_finalizer_register_cache,
 954                           SystemDictionary::Finalizer_klass(),
 955                           "register",
 956                           vmSymbols::object_void_signature(), true, CHECK);
 957 
 958   initialize_known_method(_throw_illegal_access_error_cache,
 959                           SystemDictionary::internal_Unsafe_klass(),
 960                           "throwIllegalAccessError",
 961                           vmSymbols::void_method_signature(), true, CHECK);
 962 
 963   // Set up method for registering loaded classes in class loader vector
 964   initialize_known_method(_loader_addClass_cache,
 965                           SystemDictionary::ClassLoader_klass(),
 966                           "addClass",
 967                           vmSymbols::class_void_signature(), false, CHECK);
 968 
 969   // Set up method for checking protection domain
 970   initialize_known_method(_pd_implies_cache,
 971                           SystemDictionary::ProtectionDomain_klass(),
 972                           "impliesCreateAccessControlContext",
 973                           vmSymbols::void_boolean_signature(), false, CHECK);
 974 
 975   // Set up method for stack walking
 976   initialize_known_method(_do_stack_walk_cache,
 977                           SystemDictionary::AbstractStackWalker_klass(),
 978                           "doStackWalk",
 979                           vmSymbols::doStackWalk_signature(), false, CHECK);
 980 }
 981 
 982 void universe2_init() {
 983   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 984   Universe::genesis(CATCH);
 985 }
 986 
 987 // Set after initialization of the module runtime, call_initModuleRuntime
 988 void universe_post_module_init() {
 989   Universe::_module_initialized = true;
 990 }
 991 
 992 bool universe_post_init() {
 993   assert(!is_init_completed(), "Error: initialization not yet completed!");
 994   Universe::_fully_initialized = true;
 995   EXCEPTION_MARK;
 996   { ResourceMark rm;
 997     Interpreter::initialize();      // needed for interpreter entry points
 998     if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
 999       HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1000       Klass* ok = SystemDictionary::Object_klass();
1001       Universe::reinitialize_vtable_of(ok, CHECK_false);
1002       Universe::reinitialize_itables(CHECK_false);
1003     }
1004   }
1005 
1006   HandleMark hm(THREAD);
1007   // Setup preallocated empty java.lang.Class array
1008   Universe::_the_empty_class_klass_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(SystemDictionary::Class_klass(), 0, CHECK_false);
1009 
1010   // Setup preallocated OutOfMemoryError errors
1011   Klass* k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), true, CHECK_false);
1012   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1013   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1014   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1015   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1016   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1017   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit =
1018     ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1019   Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1020 
1021   // Setup preallocated cause message for delayed StackOverflowError
1022   if (StackReservedPages > 0) {
1023     Universe::_delayed_stack_overflow_error_message =
1024       java_lang_String::create_oop_from_str("Delayed StackOverflowError due to ReservedStackAccess annotated method", CHECK_false);
1025   }
1026 
1027   // Setup preallocated NullPointerException
1028   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1029   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_NullPointerException(), true, CHECK_false);
1030   Universe::_null_ptr_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1031   // Setup preallocated ArithmeticException
1032   // (this is currently used for a cheap & dirty solution in compiler exception handling)
1033   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(vmSymbols::java_lang_ArithmeticException(), true, CHECK_false);
1034   Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1035   // Virtual Machine Error for when we get into a situation we can't resolve
1036   k = SystemDictionary::resolve_or_fail(
1037     vmSymbols::java_lang_VirtualMachineError(), true, CHECK_false);
1038   bool linked = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->link_class_or_fail(CHECK_false);
1039   if (!linked) {
1040      tty->print_cr("Unable to link/verify VirtualMachineError class");
1041      return false; // initialization failed
1042   }
1043   Universe::_virtual_machine_error_instance =
1044     InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1045 
1046   Universe::_vm_exception = InstanceKlass::cast(k)->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1047 
1048   Handle msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space", CHECK_false);
1049   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap, msg());
1050 
1051   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Metaspace", CHECK_false);
1052   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_metaspace, msg());
1053   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Compressed class space", CHECK_false);
1054   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_class_metaspace, msg());
1055 
1056   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Requested array size exceeds VM limit", CHECK_false);
1057   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_array_size, msg());
1058 
1059   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("GC overhead limit exceeded", CHECK_false);
1060   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_gc_overhead_limit, msg());
1061 
1062   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("Java heap space: failed reallocation of scalar replaced objects", CHECK_false);
1063   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_out_of_memory_error_realloc_objects, msg());
1064 
1065   msg = java_lang_String::create_from_str("/ by zero", CHECK_false);
1066   java_lang_Throwable::set_message(Universe::_arithmetic_exception_instance, msg());
1067 
1068   // Setup the array of errors that have preallocated backtrace
1069   k = Universe::_out_of_memory_error_java_heap->klass();
1070   assert(k->name() == vmSymbols::java_lang_OutOfMemoryError(), "should be out of memory error");
1071   ik = InstanceKlass::cast(k);
1072 
1073   int len = (StackTraceInThrowable) ? (int)PreallocatedOutOfMemoryErrorCount : 0;
1074   Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_array = oopFactory::new_objArray(ik, len, CHECK_false);
1075   for (int i=0; i<len; i++) {
1076     oop err = ik->allocate_instance(CHECK_false);
1077     Handle err_h = Handle(THREAD, err);
1078     java_lang_Throwable::allocate_backtrace(err_h, CHECK_false);
1079     Universe::preallocated_out_of_memory_errors()->obj_at_put(i, err_h());
1080   }
1081   Universe::_preallocated_out_of_memory_error_avail_count = (jint)len;
1082 
1083   Universe::initialize_known_methods(CHECK_false);
1084 
1085   // This needs to be done before the first scavenge/gc, since
1086   // it's an input to soft ref clearing policy.
1087   {
1088     MutexLocker x(Heap_lock);
1089     Universe::update_heap_info_at_gc();
1090   }
1091 
1092   // ("weak") refs processing infrastructure initialization
1093   Universe::heap()->post_initialize();
1094 
1095   MemoryService::add_metaspace_memory_pools();
1096 
1097   MemoryService::set_universe_heap(Universe::heap());
1098 #if INCLUDE_CDS
1099   SharedClassUtil::initialize(CHECK_false);
1100 #endif
1101   return true;
1102 }
1103 
1104 
1105 void Universe::compute_base_vtable_size() {
1106   _base_vtable_size = ClassLoader::compute_Object_vtable();
1107 }
1108 
1109 void Universe::print_on(outputStream* st) {
1110   GCMutexLocker hl(Heap_lock); // Heap_lock might be locked by caller thread.
1111   st->print_cr("Heap");
1112   heap()->print_on(st);
1113 }
1114 
1115 void Universe::print_heap_at_SIGBREAK() {
1116   if (PrintHeapAtSIGBREAK) {
1117     print_on(tty);
1118     tty->cr();
1119     tty->flush();
1120   }
1121 }
1122 
1123 void Universe::print_heap_before_gc() {
1124   LogTarget(Debug, gc, heap) lt;
1125   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1126     LogStream ls(lt);
1127     ls.print("Heap before GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1128     ResourceMark rm;
1129     heap()->print_on(&ls);
1130   }
1131 }
1132 
1133 void Universe::print_heap_after_gc() {
1134   LogTarget(Debug, gc, heap) lt;
1135   if (lt.is_enabled()) {
1136     LogStream ls(lt);
1137     ls.print("Heap after GC invocations=%u (full %u):", heap()->total_collections(), heap()->total_full_collections());
1138     ResourceMark rm;
1139     heap()->print_on(&ls);
1140   }
1141 }
1142 
1143 void Universe::initialize_verify_flags() {
1144   verify_flags = 0;
1145   const char delimiter[] = " ,";
1146 
1147   size_t length = strlen(VerifySubSet);
1148   char* subset_list = NEW_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, length + 1, mtInternal);
1149   strncpy(subset_list, VerifySubSet, length + 1);
1150 
1151   char* token = strtok(subset_list, delimiter);
1152   while (token != NULL) {
1153     if (strcmp(token, "threads") == 0) {
1154       verify_flags |= Verify_Threads;
1155     } else if (strcmp(token, "heap") == 0) {
1156       verify_flags |= Verify_Heap;
1157     } else if (strcmp(token, "symbol_table") == 0) {
1158       verify_flags |= Verify_SymbolTable;
1159     } else if (strcmp(token, "string_table") == 0) {
1160       verify_flags |= Verify_StringTable;
1161     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache") == 0) {
1162       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCache;
1163     } else if (strcmp(token, "dictionary") == 0) {
1164       verify_flags |= Verify_SystemDictionary;
1165     } else if (strcmp(token, "classloader_data_graph") == 0) {
1166       verify_flags |= Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph;
1167     } else if (strcmp(token, "metaspace") == 0) {
1168       verify_flags |= Verify_MetaspaceUtils;
1169     } else if (strcmp(token, "jni_handles") == 0) {
1170       verify_flags |= Verify_JNIHandles;
1171     } else if (strcmp(token, "codecache_oops") == 0) {
1172       verify_flags |= Verify_CodeCacheOops;
1173     } else {
1174       vm_exit_during_initialization(err_msg("VerifySubSet: \'%s\' memory sub-system is unknown, please correct it", token));
1175     }
1176     token = strtok(NULL, delimiter);
1177   }
1178   FREE_C_HEAP_ARRAY(char, subset_list);
1179 }
1180 
1181 bool Universe::should_verify_subset(uint subset) {
1182   if (verify_flags & subset) {
1183     return true;
1184   }
1185   return false;
1186 }
1187 
1188 void Universe::verify(VerifyOption option, const char* prefix) {
1189   // The use of _verify_in_progress is a temporary work around for
1190   // 6320749.  Don't bother with a creating a class to set and clear
1191   // it since it is only used in this method and the control flow is
1192   // straight forward.
1193   _verify_in_progress = true;
1194 
1195   COMPILER2_PRESENT(
1196     assert(!DerivedPointerTable::is_active(),
1197          "DPT should not be active during verification "
1198          "(of thread stacks below)");
1199   )
1200 
1201   ResourceMark rm;
1202   HandleMark hm;  // Handles created during verification can be zapped
1203   _verify_count++;
1204 
1205   FormatBuffer<> title("Verifying %s", prefix);
1206   GCTraceTime(Info, gc, verify) tm(title.buffer());
1207   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Threads)) {
1208     log_debug(gc, verify)("Threads");
1209     Threads::verify();
1210   }
1211   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_Heap)) {
1212     log_debug(gc, verify)("Heap");
1213     heap()->verify(option);
1214   }
1215   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SymbolTable)) {
1216     log_debug(gc, verify)("SymbolTable");
1217     SymbolTable::verify();
1218   }
1219   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_StringTable)) {
1220     log_debug(gc, verify)("StringTable");
1221     StringTable::verify();
1222   }
1223   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCache)) {
1224   {
1225     MutexLockerEx mu(CodeCache_lock, Mutex::_no_safepoint_check_flag);
1226     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache");
1227     CodeCache::verify();
1228   }
1229   }
1230   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_SystemDictionary)) {
1231     log_debug(gc, verify)("SystemDictionary");
1232     SystemDictionary::verify();
1233   }
1234 #ifndef PRODUCT
1235   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_ClassLoaderDataGraph)) {
1236     log_debug(gc, verify)("ClassLoaderDataGraph");
1237     ClassLoaderDataGraph::verify();
1238   }
1239 #endif
1240   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_MetaspaceUtils)) {
1241     log_debug(gc, verify)("MetaspaceUtils");
1242     MetaspaceUtils::verify_free_chunks();
1243   }
1244   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_JNIHandles)) {
1245     log_debug(gc, verify)("JNIHandles");
1246     JNIHandles::verify();
1247   }
1248   if (should_verify_subset(Verify_CodeCacheOops)) {
1249     log_debug(gc, verify)("CodeCache Oops");
1250     CodeCache::verify_oops();
1251   }
1252 
1253   _verify_in_progress = false;
1254 }
1255 
1256 
1257 #ifndef PRODUCT
1258 void Universe::calculate_verify_data(HeapWord* low_boundary, HeapWord* high_boundary) {
1259   assert(low_boundary < high_boundary, "bad interval");
1260 
1261   // decide which low-order bits we require to be clear:
1262   size_t alignSize = MinObjAlignmentInBytes;
1263   size_t min_object_size = CollectedHeap::min_fill_size();
1264 
1265   // make an inclusive limit:
1266   uintptr_t max = (uintptr_t)high_boundary - min_object_size*wordSize;
1267   uintptr_t min = (uintptr_t)low_boundary;
1268   assert(min < max, "bad interval");
1269   uintptr_t diff = max ^ min;
1270 
1271   // throw away enough low-order bits to make the diff vanish
1272   uintptr_t mask = (uintptr_t)(-1);
1273   while ((mask & diff) != 0)
1274     mask <<= 1;
1275   uintptr_t bits = (min & mask);
1276   assert(bits == (max & mask), "correct mask");
1277   // check an intermediate value between min and max, just to make sure:
1278   assert(bits == ((min + (max-min)/2) & mask), "correct mask");
1279 
1280   // require address alignment, too:
1281   mask |= (alignSize - 1);
1282 
1283   if (!(_verify_oop_mask == 0 && _verify_oop_bits == (uintptr_t)-1)) {
1284     assert(_verify_oop_mask == mask && _verify_oop_bits == bits, "mask stability");
1285   }
1286   _verify_oop_mask = mask;
1287   _verify_oop_bits = bits;
1288 }
1289 
1290 // Oop verification (see MacroAssembler::verify_oop)
1291 
1292 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_mask() {
1293   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1294   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1295   return _verify_oop_mask;
1296 }
1297 
1298 uintptr_t Universe::verify_oop_bits() {
1299   MemRegion m = heap()->reserved_region();
1300   calculate_verify_data(m.start(), m.end());
1301   return _verify_oop_bits;
1302 }
1303 
1304 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_mask() {
1305   return markOopDesc::lock_mask_in_place;
1306 }
1307 
1308 uintptr_t Universe::verify_mark_bits() {
1309   intptr_t mask = verify_mark_mask();
1310   intptr_t bits = (intptr_t)markOopDesc::prototype();
1311   assert((bits & ~mask) == 0, "no stray header bits");
1312   return bits;
1313 }
1314 #endif // PRODUCT
1315 
1316 
1317 void Universe::compute_verify_oop_data() {
1318   verify_oop_mask();
1319   verify_oop_bits();
1320   verify_mark_mask();
1321   verify_mark_bits();
1322 }
1323 
1324 
1325 void LatestMethodCache::init(Klass* k, Method* m) {
1326   if (!UseSharedSpaces) {
1327     _klass = k;
1328   }
1329 #ifndef PRODUCT
1330   else {
1331     // sharing initilization should have already set up _klass
1332     assert(_klass != NULL, "just checking");
1333   }
1334 #endif
1335 
1336   _method_idnum = m->method_idnum();
1337   assert(_method_idnum >= 0, "sanity check");
1338 }
1339 
1340 
1341 Method* LatestMethodCache::get_method() {
1342   if (klass() == NULL) return NULL;
1343   InstanceKlass* ik = InstanceKlass::cast(klass());
1344   Method* m = ik->method_with_idnum(method_idnum());
1345   assert(m != NULL, "sanity check");
1346   return m;
1347 }
1348 
1349 
1350 #ifdef ASSERT
1351 // Release dummy object(s) at bottom of heap
1352 bool Universe::release_fullgc_alot_dummy() {
1353   MutexLocker ml(FullGCALot_lock);
1354   if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_array != NULL) {
1355     if (_fullgc_alot_dummy_next >= _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->length()) {
1356       // No more dummies to release, release entire array instead
1357       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array = NULL;
1358       return false;
1359     }
1360     if (!UseConcMarkSweepGC) {
1361       // Release dummy at bottom of old generation
1362       _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1363     }
1364     // Release dummy at bottom of permanent generation
1365     _fullgc_alot_dummy_array->obj_at_put(_fullgc_alot_dummy_next++, NULL);
1366   }
1367   return true;
1368 }
1369 
1370 #endif // ASSERT