1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 2007, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   8  * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   9  * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
  10  *
  11  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  12  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  13  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  14  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  15  * accompanied this code).
  16  *
  17  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  18  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  19  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  20  *
  21  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  22  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  23  * questions.
  24  */
  25 
  26 package sun.java2d.marlin;
  27 
  28 import static java.lang.Math.PI;
  29 import static java.lang.Math.cos;
  30 import static java.lang.Math.sqrt;
  31 import static java.lang.Math.cbrt;
  32 import static java.lang.Math.acos;
  33 
  34 final class DHelpers implements MarlinConst {
  35 
  36     private DHelpers() {
  37         throw new Error("This is a non instantiable class");
  38     }
  39 
  40     static boolean within(final double x, final double y, final double err) {
  41         final double d = y - x;
  42         return (d <= err && d >= -err);
  43     }
  44 
  45     static int quadraticRoots(final double a, final double b,
  46                               final double c, double[] zeroes, final int off)
  47     {
  48         int ret = off;
  49         double t;
  50         if (a != 0.0d) {
  51             final double dis = b*b - 4*a*c;
  52             if (dis > 0.0d) {
  53                 final double sqrtDis = Math.sqrt(dis);
  54                 // depending on the sign of b we use a slightly different
  55                 // algorithm than the traditional one to find one of the roots
  56                 // so we can avoid adding numbers of different signs (which
  57                 // might result in loss of precision).
  58                 if (b >= 0.0d) {
  59                     zeroes[ret++] = (2.0d * c) / (-b - sqrtDis);
  60                     zeroes[ret++] = (-b - sqrtDis) / (2.0d * a);
  61                 } else {
  62                     zeroes[ret++] = (-b + sqrtDis) / (2.0d * a);
  63                     zeroes[ret++] = (2.0d * c) / (-b + sqrtDis);
  64                 }
  65             } else if (dis == 0.0d) {
  66                 t = (-b) / (2.0d * a);
  67                 zeroes[ret++] = t;
  68             }
  69         } else {
  70             if (b != 0.0d) {
  71                 t = (-c) / b;
  72                 zeroes[ret++] = t;
  73             }
  74         }
  75         return ret - off;
  76     }
  77 
  78     // find the roots of g(t) = d*t^3 + a*t^2 + b*t + c in [A,B)
  79     static int cubicRootsInAB(double d, double a, double b, double c,
  80                               double[] pts, final int off,
  81                               final double A, final double B)
  82     {
  83         if (d == 0.0d) {
  84             int num = quadraticRoots(a, b, c, pts, off);
  85             return filterOutNotInAB(pts, off, num, A, B) - off;
  86         }
  87         // From Graphics Gems:
  88         // http://tog.acm.org/resources/GraphicsGems/gems/Roots3And4.c
  89         // (also from awt.geom.CubicCurve2D. But here we don't need as
  90         // much accuracy and we don't want to create arrays so we use
  91         // our own customized version).
  92 
  93         // normal form: x^3 + ax^2 + bx + c = 0
  94         a /= d;
  95         b /= d;
  96         c /= d;
  97 
  98         //  substitute x = y - A/3 to eliminate quadratic term:
  99         //     x^3 +Px + Q = 0
 100         //
 101         // Since we actually need P/3 and Q/2 for all of the
 102         // calculations that follow, we will calculate
 103         // p = P/3
 104         // q = Q/2
 105         // instead and use those values for simplicity of the code.
 106         double sq_A = a * a;
 107         double p = (1.0d/3.0d) * ((-1.0d/3.0d) * sq_A + b);
 108         double q = (1.0d/2.0d) * ((2.0d/27.0d) * a * sq_A - (1.0d/3.0d) * a * b + c);
 109 
 110         // use Cardano's formula
 111 
 112         double cb_p = p * p * p;
 113         double D = q * q + cb_p;
 114 
 115         int num;
 116         if (D < 0.0d) {
 117             // see: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cubic_function#Trigonometric_.28and_hyperbolic.29_method
 118             final double phi = (1.0d/3.0d) * acos(-q / sqrt(-cb_p));
 119             final double t = 2.0d * sqrt(-p);
 120 
 121             pts[ off+0 ] = ( t * cos(phi));
 122             pts[ off+1 ] = (-t * cos(phi + (PI / 3.0d)));
 123             pts[ off+2 ] = (-t * cos(phi - (PI / 3.0d)));
 124             num = 3;
 125         } else {
 126             final double sqrt_D = sqrt(D);
 127             final double u = cbrt(sqrt_D - q);
 128             final double v = - cbrt(sqrt_D + q);
 129 
 130             pts[ off ] = (u + v);
 131             num = 1;
 132 
 133             if (within(D, 0.0d, 1e-8d)) {
 134                 pts[off+1] = -(pts[off] / 2.0d);
 135                 num = 2;
 136             }
 137         }
 138 
 139         final double sub = (1.0d/3.0d) * a;
 140 
 141         for (int i = 0; i < num; ++i) {
 142             pts[ off+i ] -= sub;
 143         }
 144 
 145         return filterOutNotInAB(pts, off, num, A, B) - off;
 146     }
 147 
 148     static double evalCubic(final double a, final double b,
 149                            final double c, final double d,
 150                            final double t)
 151     {
 152         return t * (t * (t * a + b) + c) + d;
 153     }
 154 
 155     static double evalQuad(final double a, final double b,
 156                           final double c, final double t)
 157     {
 158         return t * (t * a + b) + c;
 159     }
 160 
 161     // returns the index 1 past the last valid element remaining after filtering
 162     static int filterOutNotInAB(double[] nums, final int off, final int len,
 163                                 final double a, final double b)
 164     {
 165         int ret = off;
 166         for (int i = off, end = off + len; i < end; i++) {
 167             if (nums[i] >= a && nums[i] < b) {
 168                 nums[ret++] = nums[i];
 169             }
 170         }
 171         return ret;
 172     }
 173 
 174     static double polyLineLength(double[] poly, final int off, final int nCoords) {
 175         assert nCoords % 2 == 0 && poly.length >= off + nCoords : "";
 176         double acc = 0.0d;
 177         for (int i = off + 2; i < off + nCoords; i += 2) {
 178             acc += linelen(poly[i], poly[i+1], poly[i-2], poly[i-1]);
 179         }
 180         return acc;
 181     }
 182 
 183     static double linelen(double x1, double y1, double x2, double y2) {
 184         final double dx = x2 - x1;
 185         final double dy = y2 - y1;
 186         return Math.sqrt(dx*dx + dy*dy);
 187     }
 188 
 189     static void subdivide(double[] src, int srcoff, double[] left, int leftoff,
 190                           double[] right, int rightoff, int type)
 191     {
 192         switch(type) {
 193         case 6:
 194             DHelpers.subdivideQuad(src, srcoff, left, leftoff, right, rightoff);
 195             return;
 196         case 8:
 197             DHelpers.subdivideCubic(src, srcoff, left, leftoff, right, rightoff);
 198             return;
 199         default:
 200             throw new InternalError("Unsupported curve type");
 201         }
 202     }
 203 
 204     static void isort(double[] a, int off, int len) {
 205         for (int i = off + 1, end = off + len; i < end; i++) {
 206             double ai = a[i];
 207             int j = i - 1;
 208             for (; j >= off && a[j] > ai; j--) {
 209                 a[j+1] = a[j];
 210             }
 211             a[j+1] = ai;
 212         }
 213     }
 214 
 215     // Most of these are copied from classes in java.awt.geom because we need
 216     // both single and double precision variants of these functions, and Line2D,
 217     // CubicCurve2D, QuadCurve2D don't provide them.
 218     /**
 219      * Subdivides the cubic curve specified by the coordinates
 220      * stored in the <code>src</code> array at indices <code>srcoff</code>
 221      * through (<code>srcoff</code>&nbsp;+&nbsp;7) and stores the
 222      * resulting two subdivided curves into the two result arrays at the
 223      * corresponding indices.
 224      * Either or both of the <code>left</code> and <code>right</code>
 225      * arrays may be <code>null</code> or a reference to the same array
 226      * as the <code>src</code> array.
 227      * Note that the last point in the first subdivided curve is the
 228      * same as the first point in the second subdivided curve. Thus,
 229      * it is possible to pass the same array for <code>left</code>
 230      * and <code>right</code> and to use offsets, such as <code>rightoff</code>
 231      * equals (<code>leftoff</code> + 6), in order
 232      * to avoid allocating extra storage for this common point.
 233      * @param src the array holding the coordinates for the source curve
 234      * @param srcoff the offset into the array of the beginning of the
 235      * the 6 source coordinates
 236      * @param left the array for storing the coordinates for the first
 237      * half of the subdivided curve
 238      * @param leftoff the offset into the array of the beginning of the
 239      * the 6 left coordinates
 240      * @param right the array for storing the coordinates for the second
 241      * half of the subdivided curve
 242      * @param rightoff the offset into the array of the beginning of the
 243      * the 6 right coordinates
 244      * @since 1.7
 245      */
 246     static void subdivideCubic(double[] src, int srcoff,
 247                                double[] left, int leftoff,
 248                                double[] right, int rightoff)
 249     {
 250         double x1 = src[srcoff + 0];
 251         double y1 = src[srcoff + 1];
 252         double ctrlx1 = src[srcoff + 2];
 253         double ctrly1 = src[srcoff + 3];
 254         double ctrlx2 = src[srcoff + 4];
 255         double ctrly2 = src[srcoff + 5];
 256         double x2 = src[srcoff + 6];
 257         double y2 = src[srcoff + 7];
 258         if (left != null) {
 259             left[leftoff + 0] = x1;
 260             left[leftoff + 1] = y1;
 261         }
 262         if (right != null) {
 263             right[rightoff + 6] = x2;
 264             right[rightoff + 7] = y2;
 265         }
 266         x1 = (x1 + ctrlx1) / 2.0d;
 267         y1 = (y1 + ctrly1) / 2.0d;
 268         x2 = (x2 + ctrlx2) / 2.0d;
 269         y2 = (y2 + ctrly2) / 2.0d;
 270         double centerx = (ctrlx1 + ctrlx2) / 2.0d;
 271         double centery = (ctrly1 + ctrly2) / 2.0d;
 272         ctrlx1 = (x1 + centerx) / 2.0d;
 273         ctrly1 = (y1 + centery) / 2.0d;
 274         ctrlx2 = (x2 + centerx) / 2.0d;
 275         ctrly2 = (y2 + centery) / 2.0d;
 276         centerx = (ctrlx1 + ctrlx2) / 2.0d;
 277         centery = (ctrly1 + ctrly2) / 2.0d;
 278         if (left != null) {
 279             left[leftoff + 2] = x1;
 280             left[leftoff + 3] = y1;
 281             left[leftoff + 4] = ctrlx1;
 282             left[leftoff + 5] = ctrly1;
 283             left[leftoff + 6] = centerx;
 284             left[leftoff + 7] = centery;
 285         }
 286         if (right != null) {
 287             right[rightoff + 0] = centerx;
 288             right[rightoff + 1] = centery;
 289             right[rightoff + 2] = ctrlx2;
 290             right[rightoff + 3] = ctrly2;
 291             right[rightoff + 4] = x2;
 292             right[rightoff + 5] = y2;
 293         }
 294     }
 295 
 296 
 297     static void subdivideCubicAt(double t, double[] src, int srcoff,
 298                                  double[] left, int leftoff,
 299                                  double[] right, int rightoff)
 300     {
 301         double x1 = src[srcoff + 0];
 302         double y1 = src[srcoff + 1];
 303         double ctrlx1 = src[srcoff + 2];
 304         double ctrly1 = src[srcoff + 3];
 305         double ctrlx2 = src[srcoff + 4];
 306         double ctrly2 = src[srcoff + 5];
 307         double x2 = src[srcoff + 6];
 308         double y2 = src[srcoff + 7];
 309         if (left != null) {
 310             left[leftoff + 0] = x1;
 311             left[leftoff + 1] = y1;
 312         }
 313         if (right != null) {
 314             right[rightoff + 6] = x2;
 315             right[rightoff + 7] = y2;
 316         }
 317         x1 = x1 + t * (ctrlx1 - x1);
 318         y1 = y1 + t * (ctrly1 - y1);
 319         x2 = ctrlx2 + t * (x2 - ctrlx2);
 320         y2 = ctrly2 + t * (y2 - ctrly2);
 321         double centerx = ctrlx1 + t * (ctrlx2 - ctrlx1);
 322         double centery = ctrly1 + t * (ctrly2 - ctrly1);
 323         ctrlx1 = x1 + t * (centerx - x1);
 324         ctrly1 = y1 + t * (centery - y1);
 325         ctrlx2 = centerx + t * (x2 - centerx);
 326         ctrly2 = centery + t * (y2 - centery);
 327         centerx = ctrlx1 + t * (ctrlx2 - ctrlx1);
 328         centery = ctrly1 + t * (ctrly2 - ctrly1);
 329         if (left != null) {
 330             left[leftoff + 2] = x1;
 331             left[leftoff + 3] = y1;
 332             left[leftoff + 4] = ctrlx1;
 333             left[leftoff + 5] = ctrly1;
 334             left[leftoff + 6] = centerx;
 335             left[leftoff + 7] = centery;
 336         }
 337         if (right != null) {
 338             right[rightoff + 0] = centerx;
 339             right[rightoff + 1] = centery;
 340             right[rightoff + 2] = ctrlx2;
 341             right[rightoff + 3] = ctrly2;
 342             right[rightoff + 4] = x2;
 343             right[rightoff + 5] = y2;
 344         }
 345     }
 346 
 347     static void subdivideQuad(double[] src, int srcoff,
 348                               double[] left, int leftoff,
 349                               double[] right, int rightoff)
 350     {
 351         double x1 = src[srcoff + 0];
 352         double y1 = src[srcoff + 1];
 353         double ctrlx = src[srcoff + 2];
 354         double ctrly = src[srcoff + 3];
 355         double x2 = src[srcoff + 4];
 356         double y2 = src[srcoff + 5];
 357         if (left != null) {
 358             left[leftoff + 0] = x1;
 359             left[leftoff + 1] = y1;
 360         }
 361         if (right != null) {
 362             right[rightoff + 4] = x2;
 363             right[rightoff + 5] = y2;
 364         }
 365         x1 = (x1 + ctrlx) / 2.0d;
 366         y1 = (y1 + ctrly) / 2.0d;
 367         x2 = (x2 + ctrlx) / 2.0d;
 368         y2 = (y2 + ctrly) / 2.0d;
 369         ctrlx = (x1 + x2) / 2.0d;
 370         ctrly = (y1 + y2) / 2.0d;
 371         if (left != null) {
 372             left[leftoff + 2] = x1;
 373             left[leftoff + 3] = y1;
 374             left[leftoff + 4] = ctrlx;
 375             left[leftoff + 5] = ctrly;
 376         }
 377         if (right != null) {
 378             right[rightoff + 0] = ctrlx;
 379             right[rightoff + 1] = ctrly;
 380             right[rightoff + 2] = x2;
 381             right[rightoff + 3] = y2;
 382         }
 383     }
 384 
 385     static void subdivideQuadAt(double t, double[] src, int srcoff,
 386                                 double[] left, int leftoff,
 387                                 double[] right, int rightoff)
 388     {
 389         double x1 = src[srcoff + 0];
 390         double y1 = src[srcoff + 1];
 391         double ctrlx = src[srcoff + 2];
 392         double ctrly = src[srcoff + 3];
 393         double x2 = src[srcoff + 4];
 394         double y2 = src[srcoff + 5];
 395         if (left != null) {
 396             left[leftoff + 0] = x1;
 397             left[leftoff + 1] = y1;
 398         }
 399         if (right != null) {
 400             right[rightoff + 4] = x2;
 401             right[rightoff + 5] = y2;
 402         }
 403         x1 = x1 + t * (ctrlx - x1);
 404         y1 = y1 + t * (ctrly - y1);
 405         x2 = ctrlx + t * (x2 - ctrlx);
 406         y2 = ctrly + t * (y2 - ctrly);
 407         ctrlx = x1 + t * (x2 - x1);
 408         ctrly = y1 + t * (y2 - y1);
 409         if (left != null) {
 410             left[leftoff + 2] = x1;
 411             left[leftoff + 3] = y1;
 412             left[leftoff + 4] = ctrlx;
 413             left[leftoff + 5] = ctrly;
 414         }
 415         if (right != null) {
 416             right[rightoff + 0] = ctrlx;
 417             right[rightoff + 1] = ctrly;
 418             right[rightoff + 2] = x2;
 419             right[rightoff + 3] = y2;
 420         }
 421     }
 422 
 423     static void subdivideAt(double t, double[] src, int srcoff,
 424                             double[] left, int leftoff,
 425                             double[] right, int rightoff, int size)
 426     {
 427         switch(size) {
 428         case 8:
 429             subdivideCubicAt(t, src, srcoff, left, leftoff, right, rightoff);
 430             return;
 431         case 6:
 432             subdivideQuadAt(t, src, srcoff, left, leftoff, right, rightoff);
 433             return;
 434         }
 435     }
 436 }