1 /*
   2  * Copyright (c) 1997, 2019, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
   3  * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   4  *
   5  * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   6  * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   7  * published by the Free Software Foundation.
   8  *
   9  * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  10  * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  11  * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  12  * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  13  * accompanied this code).
  14  *
  15  * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  16  * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  17  * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  18  *
  19  * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  20  * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  21  * questions.
  22  *
  23  */
  24 
  25 #ifndef SHARE_VM_OOPS_METHODOOP_HPP
  26 #define SHARE_VM_OOPS_METHODOOP_HPP
  27 
  28 #include "classfile/vmSymbols.hpp"
  29 #include "code/compressedStream.hpp"
  30 #include "compiler/oopMap.hpp"
  31 #include "interpreter/invocationCounter.hpp"
  32 #include "oops/annotations.hpp"
  33 #include "oops/constantPool.hpp"
  34 #include "oops/methodCounters.hpp"
  35 #include "oops/instanceKlass.hpp"
  36 #include "oops/oop.hpp"
  37 #include "oops/typeArrayOop.hpp"
  38 #include "utilities/accessFlags.hpp"
  39 #include "utilities/growableArray.hpp"
  40 
  41 // A Method* represents a Java method.
  42 //
  43 // Memory layout (each line represents a word). Note that most applications load thousands of methods,
  44 // so keeping the size of this structure small has a big impact on footprint.
  45 //
  46 // We put all oops and method_size first for better gc cache locality.
  47 //
  48 // The actual bytecodes are inlined after the end of the Method struct.
  49 //
  50 // There are bits in the access_flags telling whether inlined tables are present.
  51 // Note that accessing the line number and local variable tables is not performance critical at all.
  52 // Accessing the checked exceptions table is used by reflection, so we put that last to make access
  53 // to it fast.
  54 //
  55 // The line number table is compressed and inlined following the byte codes. It is found as the first
  56 // byte following the byte codes. The checked exceptions table and the local variable table are inlined
  57 // after the line number table, and indexed from the end of the method. We do not compress the checked
  58 // exceptions table since the average length is less than 2, and do not bother to compress the local
  59 // variable table either since it is mostly absent.
  60 //
  61 // Note that native_function and signature_handler has to be at fixed offsets (required by the interpreter)
  62 //
  63 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  64 // | header                                               |
  65 // | klass                                                |
  66 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  67 // | ConstMethod*                   (oop)                 |
  68 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  69 // | methodData                     (oop)                 |
  70 // | methodCounters                                       |
  71 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  72 // | access_flags                                         |
  73 // | vtable_index                                         |
  74 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  75 // | result_index (C++ interpreter only)                  |
  76 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  77 // | method_size             |   intrinsic_id|   flags    |
  78 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  79 // | code                           (pointer)             |
  80 // | i2i                            (pointer)             |
  81 // | adapter                        (pointer)             |
  82 // | from_compiled_entry            (pointer)             |
  83 // | from_interpreted_entry         (pointer)             |
  84 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  85 // | native_function       (present only if native)       |
  86 // | signature_handler     (present only if native)       |
  87 // |------------------------------------------------------|
  88 
  89 
  90 class CheckedExceptionElement;
  91 class LocalVariableTableElement;
  92 class AdapterHandlerEntry;
  93 class MethodData;
  94 class MethodCounters;
  95 class ConstMethod;
  96 class InlineTableSizes;
  97 class KlassSizeStats;
  98 
  99 class Method : public Metadata {
 100  friend class VMStructs;
 101  private:
 102   ConstMethod*      _constMethod;                // Method read-only data.
 103   MethodData*       _method_data;
 104   MethodCounters*   _method_counters;
 105   AccessFlags       _access_flags;               // Access flags
 106   int               _vtable_index;               // vtable index of this method (see VtableIndexFlag)
 107                                                  // note: can have vtables with >2**16 elements (because of inheritance)
 108   u2                _method_size;                // size of this object
 109   u1                _intrinsic_id;               // vmSymbols::intrinsic_id (0 == _none)
 110   u1                _jfr_towrite          : 1,   // Flags
 111                     _caller_sensitive     : 1,
 112                     _force_inline         : 1,
 113                     _hidden               : 1,
 114                     _running_emcp         : 1,
 115                     _dont_inline          : 1,
 116                     _has_injected_profile : 1,
 117                                           : 2;
 118 
 119   TRACE_DEFINE_FLAG;
 120 
 121 #ifndef PRODUCT
 122   int               _compiled_invocation_count;  // Number of nmethod invocations so far (for perf. debugging)
 123 #endif
 124   // Entry point for calling both from and to the interpreter.
 125   address _i2i_entry;           // All-args-on-stack calling convention
 126   // Adapter blob (i2c/c2i) for this Method*. Set once when method is linked.
 127   AdapterHandlerEntry* _adapter;
 128   // Entry point for calling from compiled code, to compiled code if it exists
 129   // or else the interpreter.
 130   volatile address _from_compiled_entry;        // Cache of: _code ? _code->entry_point() : _adapter->c2i_entry()
 131   // The entry point for calling both from and to compiled code is
 132   // "_code->entry_point()".  Because of tiered compilation and de-opt, this
 133   // field can come and go.  It can transition from NULL to not-null at any
 134   // time (whenever a compile completes).  It can transition from not-null to
 135   // NULL only at safepoints (because of a de-opt).
 136   nmethod* volatile _code;                       // Points to the corresponding piece of native code
 137   volatile address           _from_interpreted_entry; // Cache of _code ? _adapter->i2c_entry() : _i2i_entry
 138 
 139   // Constructor
 140   Method(ConstMethod* xconst, AccessFlags access_flags, int size);
 141  public:
 142 
 143   static Method* allocate(ClassLoaderData* loader_data,
 144                           int byte_code_size,
 145                           AccessFlags access_flags,
 146                           InlineTableSizes* sizes,
 147                           ConstMethod::MethodType method_type,
 148                           TRAPS);
 149 
 150   // CDS and vtbl checking can create an empty Method to get vtbl pointer.
 151   Method(){}
 152 
 153   // The Method vtable is restored by this call when the Method is in the
 154   // shared archive.  See patch_klass_vtables() in metaspaceShared.cpp for
 155   // all the gory details.  SA, dtrace and pstack helpers distinguish metadata
 156   // by their vtable.
 157   void restore_vtable() { guarantee(is_method(), "vtable restored by this call"); }
 158   bool is_method() const volatile { return true; }
 159 
 160   void restore_unshareable_info(TRAPS);
 161 
 162   // accessors for instance variables
 163 
 164   ConstMethod* constMethod() const             { return _constMethod; }
 165   void set_constMethod(ConstMethod* xconst)    { _constMethod = xconst; }
 166 
 167 
 168   static address make_adapters(methodHandle mh, TRAPS);
 169   volatile address from_compiled_entry() const   { return (address)OrderAccess::load_ptr_acquire(&_from_compiled_entry); }
 170   volatile address from_interpreted_entry() const{ return (address)OrderAccess::load_ptr_acquire(&_from_interpreted_entry); }
 171 
 172   // access flag
 173   AccessFlags access_flags() const               { return _access_flags;  }
 174   void set_access_flags(AccessFlags flags)       { _access_flags = flags; }
 175 
 176   // name
 177   Symbol* name() const                           { return constants()->symbol_at(name_index()); }
 178   int name_index() const                         { return constMethod()->name_index();         }
 179   void set_name_index(int index)                 { constMethod()->set_name_index(index);       }
 180 
 181   // signature
 182   Symbol* signature() const                      { return constants()->symbol_at(signature_index()); }
 183   int signature_index() const                    { return constMethod()->signature_index();         }
 184   void set_signature_index(int index)            { constMethod()->set_signature_index(index);       }
 185 
 186   // generics support
 187   Symbol* generic_signature() const              { int idx = generic_signature_index(); return ((idx != 0) ? constants()->symbol_at(idx) : (Symbol*)NULL); }
 188   int generic_signature_index() const            { return constMethod()->generic_signature_index(); }
 189   void set_generic_signature_index(int index)    { constMethod()->set_generic_signature_index(index); }
 190 
 191   // annotations support
 192   AnnotationArray* annotations() const           {
 193     return constMethod()->method_annotations();
 194   }
 195   AnnotationArray* parameter_annotations() const {
 196     return constMethod()->parameter_annotations();
 197   }
 198   AnnotationArray* annotation_default() const    {
 199     return constMethod()->default_annotations();
 200   }
 201   AnnotationArray* type_annotations() const      {
 202     return constMethod()->type_annotations();
 203   }
 204 
 205   // Helper routine: get klass name + "." + method name + signature as
 206   // C string, for the purpose of providing more useful NoSuchMethodErrors
 207   // and fatal error handling. The string is allocated in resource
 208   // area if a buffer is not provided by the caller.
 209   char* name_and_sig_as_C_string() const;
 210   char* name_and_sig_as_C_string(char* buf, int size) const;
 211 
 212   // Static routine in the situations we don't have a Method*
 213   static char* name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass* klass, Symbol* method_name, Symbol* signature);
 214   static char* name_and_sig_as_C_string(Klass* klass, Symbol* method_name, Symbol* signature, char* buf, int size);
 215 
 216   Bytecodes::Code java_code_at(int bci) const {
 217     return Bytecodes::java_code_at(this, bcp_from(bci));
 218   }
 219   Bytecodes::Code code_at(int bci) const {
 220     return Bytecodes::code_at(this, bcp_from(bci));
 221   }
 222 
 223   // JVMTI breakpoints
 224   Bytecodes::Code orig_bytecode_at(int bci) const;
 225   void        set_orig_bytecode_at(int bci, Bytecodes::Code code);
 226   void set_breakpoint(int bci);
 227   void clear_breakpoint(int bci);
 228   void clear_all_breakpoints();
 229   // Tracking number of breakpoints, for fullspeed debugging.
 230   // Only mutated by VM thread.
 231   u2   number_of_breakpoints()             const {
 232     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 233     if (mcs == NULL) {
 234       return 0;
 235     } else {
 236       return mcs->number_of_breakpoints();
 237     }
 238   }
 239   void incr_number_of_breakpoints(TRAPS)         {
 240     MethodCounters* mcs = get_method_counters(CHECK);
 241     if (mcs != NULL) {
 242       mcs->incr_number_of_breakpoints();
 243     }
 244   }
 245   void decr_number_of_breakpoints(TRAPS)         {
 246     MethodCounters* mcs = get_method_counters(CHECK);
 247     if (mcs != NULL) {
 248       mcs->decr_number_of_breakpoints();
 249     }
 250   }
 251   // Initialization only
 252   void clear_number_of_breakpoints()             {
 253     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 254     if (mcs != NULL) {
 255       mcs->clear_number_of_breakpoints();
 256     }
 257   }
 258 
 259   // index into InstanceKlass methods() array
 260   // note: also used by jfr
 261   u2 method_idnum() const           { return constMethod()->method_idnum(); }
 262   void set_method_idnum(u2 idnum)   { constMethod()->set_method_idnum(idnum); }
 263 
 264   u2 orig_method_idnum() const           { return constMethod()->orig_method_idnum(); }
 265   void set_orig_method_idnum(u2 idnum)   { constMethod()->set_orig_method_idnum(idnum); }
 266 
 267   // code size
 268   int code_size() const                  { return constMethod()->code_size(); }
 269 
 270   // method size
 271   int method_size() const                        { return _method_size; }
 272   void set_method_size(int size) {
 273     assert(0 <= size && size < (1 << 16), "invalid method size");
 274     _method_size = size;
 275   }
 276 
 277   // constant pool for Klass* holding this method
 278   ConstantPool* constants() const              { return constMethod()->constants(); }
 279   void set_constants(ConstantPool* c)          { constMethod()->set_constants(c); }
 280 
 281   // max stack
 282   // return original max stack size for method verification
 283   int  verifier_max_stack() const                { return constMethod()->max_stack(); }
 284   int           max_stack() const                { return constMethod()->max_stack() + extra_stack_entries(); }
 285   void      set_max_stack(int size)              {        constMethod()->set_max_stack(size); }
 286 
 287   // max locals
 288   int  max_locals() const                        { return constMethod()->max_locals(); }
 289   void set_max_locals(int size)                  { constMethod()->set_max_locals(size); }
 290 
 291   int highest_comp_level() const;
 292   void set_highest_comp_level(int level);
 293   int highest_osr_comp_level() const;
 294   void set_highest_osr_comp_level(int level);
 295 
 296   // Count of times method was exited via exception while interpreting
 297   void interpreter_throwout_increment(TRAPS) {
 298     MethodCounters* mcs = get_method_counters(CHECK);
 299     if (mcs != NULL) {
 300       mcs->interpreter_throwout_increment();
 301     }
 302   }
 303 
 304   int  interpreter_throwout_count() const        {
 305     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 306     if (mcs == NULL) {
 307       return 0;
 308     } else {
 309       return mcs->interpreter_throwout_count();
 310     }
 311   }
 312 
 313   // size of parameters
 314   int  size_of_parameters() const                { return constMethod()->size_of_parameters(); }
 315   void set_size_of_parameters(int size)          { constMethod()->set_size_of_parameters(size); }
 316 
 317   bool has_stackmap_table() const {
 318     return constMethod()->has_stackmap_table();
 319   }
 320 
 321   Array<u1>* stackmap_data() const {
 322     return constMethod()->stackmap_data();
 323   }
 324 
 325   void set_stackmap_data(Array<u1>* sd) {
 326     constMethod()->set_stackmap_data(sd);
 327   }
 328 
 329   // exception handler table
 330   bool has_exception_handler() const
 331                              { return constMethod()->has_exception_handler(); }
 332   int exception_table_length() const
 333                              { return constMethod()->exception_table_length(); }
 334   ExceptionTableElement* exception_table_start() const
 335                              { return constMethod()->exception_table_start(); }
 336 
 337   // Finds the first entry point bci of an exception handler for an
 338   // exception of klass ex_klass thrown at throw_bci. A value of NULL
 339   // for ex_klass indicates that the exception klass is not known; in
 340   // this case it matches any constraint class. Returns -1 if the
 341   // exception cannot be handled in this method. The handler
 342   // constraint classes are loaded if necessary. Note that this may
 343   // throw an exception if loading of the constraint classes causes
 344   // an IllegalAccessError (bugid 4307310) or an OutOfMemoryError.
 345   // If an exception is thrown, returns the bci of the
 346   // exception handler which caused the exception to be thrown, which
 347   // is needed for proper retries. See, for example,
 348   // InterpreterRuntime::exception_handler_for_exception.
 349   static int fast_exception_handler_bci_for(methodHandle mh, KlassHandle ex_klass, int throw_bci, TRAPS);
 350 
 351   // method data access
 352   MethodData* method_data() const              {
 353     return _method_data;
 354   }
 355 
 356   void set_method_data(MethodData* data)       {
 357     // The store into method must be released. On platforms without
 358     // total store order (TSO) the reference may become visible before
 359     // the initialization of data otherwise.
 360     OrderAccess::release_store_ptr((volatile void *)&_method_data, data);
 361   }
 362 
 363   MethodCounters* method_counters() const {
 364     return _method_counters;
 365   }
 366 
 367   void clear_method_counters() {
 368     _method_counters = NULL;
 369   }
 370 
 371   bool init_method_counters(MethodCounters* counters) {
 372     // Try to install a pointer to MethodCounters, return true on success.
 373     return Atomic::cmpxchg_ptr(counters, (volatile void*)&_method_counters, NULL) == NULL;
 374   }
 375 
 376 #ifdef TIERED
 377   // We are reusing interpreter_invocation_count as a holder for the previous event count!
 378   // We can do that since interpreter_invocation_count is not used in tiered.
 379   int prev_event_count() const                   {
 380     if (method_counters() == NULL) {
 381       return 0;
 382     } else {
 383       return method_counters()->interpreter_invocation_count();
 384     }
 385   }
 386   void set_prev_event_count(int count) {
 387     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 388     if (mcs != NULL) {
 389       mcs->set_interpreter_invocation_count(count);
 390     }
 391   }
 392   jlong prev_time() const                        {
 393     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 394     return mcs == NULL ? 0 : mcs->prev_time();
 395   }
 396   void set_prev_time(jlong time) {
 397     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 398     if (mcs != NULL) {
 399       mcs->set_prev_time(time);
 400     }
 401   }
 402   float rate() const                             {
 403     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 404     return mcs == NULL ? 0 : mcs->rate();
 405   }
 406   void set_rate(float rate) {
 407     MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 408     if (mcs != NULL) {
 409       mcs->set_rate(rate);
 410     }
 411   }
 412 #endif
 413 
 414   int invocation_count();
 415   int backedge_count();
 416 
 417   bool was_executed_more_than(int n);
 418   bool was_never_executed()                      { return !was_executed_more_than(0); }
 419 
 420   static void build_interpreter_method_data(methodHandle method, TRAPS);
 421 
 422   static MethodCounters* build_method_counters(Method* m, TRAPS);
 423 
 424   int interpreter_invocation_count() {
 425     if (TieredCompilation) {
 426       return invocation_count();
 427     } else {
 428       MethodCounters* mcs = method_counters();
 429       return (mcs == NULL) ? 0 : mcs->interpreter_invocation_count();
 430     }
 431   }
 432   int increment_interpreter_invocation_count(TRAPS) {
 433     if (TieredCompilation) ShouldNotReachHere();
 434     MethodCounters* mcs = get_method_counters(CHECK_0);
 435     return (mcs == NULL) ? 0 : mcs->increment_interpreter_invocation_count();
 436   }
 437 
 438 #ifndef PRODUCT
 439   int  compiled_invocation_count() const         { return _compiled_invocation_count;  }
 440   void set_compiled_invocation_count(int count)  { _compiled_invocation_count = count; }
 441 #endif // not PRODUCT
 442 
 443   // Clear (non-shared space) pointers which could not be relevant
 444   // if this (shared) method were mapped into another JVM.
 445   void remove_unshareable_info();
 446 
 447   // nmethod/verified compiler entry
 448   address verified_code_entry();
 449   bool check_code() const;      // Not inline to avoid circular ref
 450   nmethod* volatile code() const                 { assert( check_code(), "" ); return (nmethod *)OrderAccess::load_ptr_acquire(&_code); }
 451   void clear_code(bool acquire_lock = true);            // Clear out any compiled code
 452   static void set_code(methodHandle mh, nmethod* code);
 453   void set_adapter_entry(AdapterHandlerEntry* adapter) {  _adapter = adapter; }
 454   address get_i2c_entry();
 455   address get_c2i_entry();
 456   address get_c2i_unverified_entry();
 457   AdapterHandlerEntry* adapter() {  return _adapter; }
 458   // setup entry points
 459   void link_method(methodHandle method, TRAPS);
 460   // clear entry points. Used by sharing code
 461   void unlink_method();
 462 
 463   // vtable index
 464   enum VtableIndexFlag {
 465     // Valid vtable indexes are non-negative (>= 0).
 466     // These few negative values are used as sentinels.
 467     itable_index_max        = -10, // first itable index, growing downward
 468     pending_itable_index    = -9,  // itable index will be assigned
 469     invalid_vtable_index    = -4,  // distinct from any valid vtable index
 470     garbage_vtable_index    = -3,  // not yet linked; no vtable layout yet
 471     nonvirtual_vtable_index = -2   // there is no need for vtable dispatch
 472     // 6330203 Note:  Do not use -1, which was overloaded with many meanings.
 473   };
 474   DEBUG_ONLY(bool valid_vtable_index() const     { return _vtable_index >= nonvirtual_vtable_index; })
 475   bool has_vtable_index() const                  { return _vtable_index >= 0; }
 476   int  vtable_index() const                      { return _vtable_index; }
 477   void set_vtable_index(int index);
 478   DEBUG_ONLY(bool valid_itable_index() const     { return _vtable_index <= pending_itable_index; })
 479   bool has_itable_index() const                  { return _vtable_index <= itable_index_max; }
 480   int  itable_index() const                      { assert(valid_itable_index(), "");
 481                                                    return itable_index_max - _vtable_index; }
 482   void set_itable_index(int index);
 483 
 484   // interpreter entry
 485   address interpreter_entry() const              { return _i2i_entry; }
 486   // Only used when first initialize so we can set _i2i_entry and _from_interpreted_entry
 487   void set_interpreter_entry(address entry)      { _i2i_entry = entry;  _from_interpreted_entry = entry; }
 488 
 489   // native function (used for native methods only)
 490   enum {
 491     native_bind_event_is_interesting = true
 492   };
 493   address native_function() const                { return *(native_function_addr()); }
 494   address critical_native_function();
 495 
 496   // Must specify a real function (not NULL).
 497   // Use clear_native_function() to unregister.
 498   void set_native_function(address function, bool post_event_flag);
 499   bool has_native_function() const;
 500   void clear_native_function();
 501 
 502   // signature handler (used for native methods only)
 503   address signature_handler() const              { return *(signature_handler_addr()); }
 504   void set_signature_handler(address handler);
 505 
 506   // Interpreter oopmap support
 507   void mask_for(int bci, InterpreterOopMap* mask);
 508 
 509 #ifndef PRODUCT
 510   // operations on invocation counter
 511   void print_invocation_count();
 512 #endif
 513 
 514   // byte codes
 515   void    set_code(address code)      { return constMethod()->set_code(code); }
 516   address code_base() const           { return constMethod()->code_base(); }
 517   bool    contains(address bcp) const { return constMethod()->contains(bcp); }
 518 
 519   // prints byte codes
 520   void print_codes() const            { print_codes_on(tty); }
 521   void print_codes_on(outputStream* st) const                      PRODUCT_RETURN;
 522   void print_codes_on(int from, int to, outputStream* st) const    PRODUCT_RETURN;
 523 
 524   // method parameters
 525   bool has_method_parameters() const
 526                          { return constMethod()->has_method_parameters(); }
 527   int method_parameters_length() const
 528                          { return constMethod()->method_parameters_length(); }
 529   MethodParametersElement* method_parameters_start() const
 530                           { return constMethod()->method_parameters_start(); }
 531 
 532   // checked exceptions
 533   int checked_exceptions_length() const
 534                          { return constMethod()->checked_exceptions_length(); }
 535   CheckedExceptionElement* checked_exceptions_start() const
 536                           { return constMethod()->checked_exceptions_start(); }
 537 
 538   // localvariable table
 539   bool has_localvariable_table() const
 540                           { return constMethod()->has_localvariable_table(); }
 541   int localvariable_table_length() const
 542                         { return constMethod()->localvariable_table_length(); }
 543   LocalVariableTableElement* localvariable_table_start() const
 544                          { return constMethod()->localvariable_table_start(); }
 545 
 546   bool has_linenumber_table() const
 547                               { return constMethod()->has_linenumber_table(); }
 548   u_char* compressed_linenumber_table() const
 549                        { return constMethod()->compressed_linenumber_table(); }
 550 
 551   // method holder (the Klass* holding this method)
 552   InstanceKlass* method_holder() const         { return constants()->pool_holder(); }
 553 
 554   void compute_size_of_parameters(Thread *thread); // word size of parameters (receiver if any + arguments)
 555   Symbol* klass_name() const;                    // returns the name of the method holder
 556   BasicType result_type() const;                 // type of the method result
 557   bool is_returning_oop() const                  { BasicType r = result_type(); return (r == T_OBJECT || r == T_ARRAY); }
 558   bool is_returning_fp() const                   { BasicType r = result_type(); return (r == T_FLOAT || r == T_DOUBLE); }
 559 
 560   // Checked exceptions thrown by this method (resolved to mirrors)
 561   objArrayHandle resolved_checked_exceptions(TRAPS) { return resolved_checked_exceptions_impl(this, THREAD); }
 562 
 563   // Access flags
 564   bool is_public() const                         { return access_flags().is_public();      }
 565   bool is_private() const                        { return access_flags().is_private();     }
 566   bool is_protected() const                      { return access_flags().is_protected();   }
 567   bool is_package_private() const                { return !is_public() && !is_private() && !is_protected(); }
 568   bool is_static() const                         { return access_flags().is_static();      }
 569   bool is_final() const                          { return access_flags().is_final();       }
 570   bool is_synchronized() const                   { return access_flags().is_synchronized();}
 571   bool is_native() const                         { return access_flags().is_native();      }
 572   bool is_abstract() const                       { return access_flags().is_abstract();    }
 573   bool is_strict() const                         { return access_flags().is_strict();      }
 574   bool is_synthetic() const                      { return access_flags().is_synthetic();   }
 575 
 576   // returns true if contains only return operation
 577   bool is_empty_method() const;
 578 
 579   // returns true if this is a vanilla constructor
 580   bool is_vanilla_constructor() const;
 581 
 582   // checks method and its method holder
 583   bool is_final_method() const;
 584   bool is_final_method(AccessFlags class_access_flags) const;
 585   bool is_default_method() const;
 586 
 587   // true if method needs no dynamic dispatch (final and/or no vtable entry)
 588   bool can_be_statically_bound() const;
 589   bool can_be_statically_bound(AccessFlags class_access_flags) const;
 590 
 591   // returns true if the method has any backward branches.
 592   bool has_loops() {
 593     return access_flags().loops_flag_init() ? access_flags().has_loops() : compute_has_loops_flag();
 594   };
 595 
 596   bool compute_has_loops_flag();
 597 
 598   bool has_jsrs() {
 599     return access_flags().has_jsrs();
 600   };
 601   void set_has_jsrs() {
 602     _access_flags.set_has_jsrs();
 603   }
 604 
 605   // returns true if the method has any monitors.
 606   bool has_monitors() const                      { return is_synchronized() || access_flags().has_monitor_bytecodes(); }
 607   bool has_monitor_bytecodes() const             { return access_flags().has_monitor_bytecodes(); }
 608 
 609   void set_has_monitor_bytecodes()               { _access_flags.set_has_monitor_bytecodes(); }
 610 
 611   // monitor matching. This returns a conservative estimate of whether the monitorenter/monitorexit bytecodes
 612   // propererly nest in the method. It might return false, even though they actually nest properly, since the info.
 613   // has not been computed yet.
 614   bool guaranteed_monitor_matching() const       { return access_flags().is_monitor_matching(); }
 615   void set_guaranteed_monitor_matching()         { _access_flags.set_monitor_matching(); }
 616 
 617   // returns true if the method is an accessor function (setter/getter).
 618   bool is_accessor() const;
 619 
 620   // returns true if the method does nothing but return a constant of primitive type
 621   bool is_constant_getter() const;
 622 
 623   // returns true if the method is an initializer (<init> or <clinit>).
 624   bool is_initializer() const;
 625 
 626   // returns true if the method is static OR if the classfile version < 51
 627   bool has_valid_initializer_flags() const;
 628 
 629   // returns true if the method name is <clinit> and the method has
 630   // valid static initializer flags.
 631   bool is_static_initializer() const;
 632 
 633   // returns true if the method name is <init>
 634   bool is_object_initializer() const;
 635 
 636   // compiled code support
 637   // NOTE: code() is inherently racy as deopt can be clearing code
 638   // simultaneously. Use with caution.
 639   bool has_compiled_code() const                 { return code() != NULL; }
 640 
 641   // sizing
 642   static int header_size()                       { return sizeof(Method)/HeapWordSize; }
 643   static int size(bool is_native);
 644   int size() const                               { return method_size(); }
 645 #if INCLUDE_SERVICES
 646   void collect_statistics(KlassSizeStats *sz) const;
 647 #endif
 648 
 649   // interpreter support
 650   static ByteSize const_offset()                 { return byte_offset_of(Method, _constMethod       ); }
 651   static ByteSize access_flags_offset()          { return byte_offset_of(Method, _access_flags      ); }
 652   static ByteSize from_compiled_offset()         { return byte_offset_of(Method, _from_compiled_entry); }
 653   static ByteSize code_offset()                  { return byte_offset_of(Method, _code); }
 654   static ByteSize method_data_offset()           {
 655     return byte_offset_of(Method, _method_data);
 656   }
 657   static ByteSize method_counters_offset()       {
 658     return byte_offset_of(Method, _method_counters);
 659   }
 660 #ifndef PRODUCT
 661   static ByteSize compiled_invocation_counter_offset() { return byte_offset_of(Method, _compiled_invocation_count); }
 662 #endif // not PRODUCT
 663   static ByteSize native_function_offset()       { return in_ByteSize(sizeof(Method));                 }
 664   static ByteSize from_interpreted_offset()      { return byte_offset_of(Method, _from_interpreted_entry ); }
 665   static ByteSize interpreter_entry_offset()     { return byte_offset_of(Method, _i2i_entry ); }
 666   static ByteSize signature_handler_offset()     { return in_ByteSize(sizeof(Method) + wordSize);      }
 667   static ByteSize itable_index_offset()          { return byte_offset_of(Method, _vtable_index ); }
 668 
 669   // for code generation
 670   static int method_data_offset_in_bytes()       { return offset_of(Method, _method_data); }
 671   static int intrinsic_id_offset_in_bytes()      { return offset_of(Method, _intrinsic_id); }
 672   static int intrinsic_id_size_in_bytes()        { return sizeof(u1); }
 673 
 674   // Static methods that are used to implement member methods where an exposed this pointer
 675   // is needed due to possible GCs
 676   static objArrayHandle resolved_checked_exceptions_impl(Method* this_oop, TRAPS);
 677 
 678   // Returns the byte code index from the byte code pointer
 679   int     bci_from(address bcp) const;
 680   address bcp_from(int     bci) const;
 681   int validate_bci_from_bcx(intptr_t bcx) const;
 682 
 683   // Returns the line number for a bci if debugging information for the method is prowided,
 684   // -1 is returned otherwise.
 685   int line_number_from_bci(int bci) const;
 686 
 687   // Reflection support
 688   bool is_overridden_in(Klass* k) const;
 689 
 690   // Stack walking support
 691   bool is_ignored_by_security_stack_walk() const;
 692 
 693   // JSR 292 support
 694   bool is_method_handle_intrinsic() const;          // MethodHandles::is_signature_polymorphic_intrinsic(intrinsic_id)
 695   bool is_compiled_lambda_form() const;             // intrinsic_id() == vmIntrinsics::_compiledLambdaForm
 696   bool has_member_arg() const;                      // intrinsic_id() == vmIntrinsics::_linkToSpecial, etc.
 697   static methodHandle make_method_handle_intrinsic(vmIntrinsics::ID iid, // _invokeBasic, _linkToVirtual
 698                                                    Symbol* signature, //anything at all
 699                                                    TRAPS);
 700   static Klass* check_non_bcp_klass(Klass* klass);
 701 
 702   // How many extra stack entries for invokedynamic when it's enabled
 703   static const int extra_stack_entries_for_jsr292 = 1;
 704 
 705   // this operates only on invoke methods:
 706   // presize interpreter frames for extra interpreter stack entries, if needed
 707   // Account for the extra appendix argument for invokehandle/invokedynamic
 708   static int extra_stack_entries() { return EnableInvokeDynamic ? extra_stack_entries_for_jsr292 : 0; }
 709   static int extra_stack_words();  // = extra_stack_entries() * Interpreter::stackElementSize
 710 
 711   // RedefineClasses() support:
 712   bool is_old() const                               { return access_flags().is_old(); }
 713   void set_is_old()                                 { _access_flags.set_is_old(); }
 714   bool is_obsolete() const                          { return access_flags().is_obsolete(); }
 715   void set_is_obsolete()                            { _access_flags.set_is_obsolete(); }
 716   bool is_deleted() const                           { return access_flags().is_deleted(); }
 717   void set_is_deleted()                             { _access_flags.set_is_deleted(); }
 718 
 719   bool is_running_emcp() const {
 720     // EMCP methods are old but not obsolete or deleted. Equivalent
 721     // Modulo Constant Pool means the method is equivalent except
 722     // the constant pool and instructions that access the constant
 723     // pool might be different.
 724     // If a breakpoint is set in a redefined method, its EMCP methods that are
 725     // still running must have a breakpoint also.
 726     return _running_emcp;
 727   }
 728 
 729   void set_running_emcp(bool x) {
 730     _running_emcp = x;
 731   }
 732 
 733   bool on_stack() const                             { return access_flags().on_stack(); }
 734   void set_on_stack(const bool value);
 735 
 736   // see the definition in Method*.cpp for the gory details
 737   bool should_not_be_cached() const;
 738 
 739   // JVMTI Native method prefixing support:
 740   bool is_prefixed_native() const                   { return access_flags().is_prefixed_native(); }
 741   void set_is_prefixed_native()                     { _access_flags.set_is_prefixed_native(); }
 742 
 743   // Rewriting support
 744   static methodHandle clone_with_new_data(methodHandle m, u_char* new_code, int new_code_length,
 745                                           u_char* new_compressed_linenumber_table, int new_compressed_linenumber_size, TRAPS);
 746 
 747   // jmethodID handling
 748   // Because the useful life-span of a jmethodID cannot be determined,
 749   // once created they are never reclaimed.  The methods to which they refer,
 750   // however, can be GC'ed away if the class is unloaded or if the method is
 751   // made obsolete or deleted -- in these cases, the jmethodID
 752   // refers to NULL (as is the case for any weak reference).
 753   static jmethodID make_jmethod_id(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, Method* mh);
 754   static void destroy_jmethod_id(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, jmethodID mid);
 755 
 756   // Use resolve_jmethod_id() in situations where the caller is expected
 757   // to provide a valid jmethodID; the only sanity checks are in asserts;
 758   // result guaranteed not to be NULL.
 759   inline static Method* resolve_jmethod_id(jmethodID mid) {
 760     assert(mid != NULL, "JNI method id should not be null");
 761     return *((Method**)mid);
 762   }
 763 
 764   // Use checked_resolve_jmethod_id() in situations where the caller
 765   // should provide a valid jmethodID, but might not. NULL is returned
 766   // when the jmethodID does not refer to a valid method.
 767   static Method* checked_resolve_jmethod_id(jmethodID mid);
 768 
 769   static void change_method_associated_with_jmethod_id(jmethodID old_jmid_ptr, Method* new_method);
 770   static bool is_method_id(jmethodID mid);
 771 
 772   // Clear methods
 773   static void clear_jmethod_ids(ClassLoaderData* loader_data);
 774   static void print_jmethod_ids(ClassLoaderData* loader_data, outputStream* out) PRODUCT_RETURN;
 775 
 776   // Get this method's jmethodID -- allocate if it doesn't exist
 777   jmethodID jmethod_id()                            { methodHandle this_h(this);
 778                                                       return InstanceKlass::get_jmethod_id(method_holder(), this_h); }
 779 
 780   // Lookup the jmethodID for this method.  Return NULL if not found.
 781   // NOTE that this function can be called from a signal handler
 782   // (see AsyncGetCallTrace support for Forte Analyzer) and this
 783   // needs to be async-safe. No allocation should be done and
 784   // so handles are not used to avoid deadlock.
 785   jmethodID find_jmethod_id_or_null()               { return method_holder()->jmethod_id_or_null(this); }
 786 
 787   // Support for inlining of intrinsic methods
 788   vmIntrinsics::ID intrinsic_id() const          { return (vmIntrinsics::ID) _intrinsic_id;           }
 789   void     set_intrinsic_id(vmIntrinsics::ID id) {                           _intrinsic_id = (u1) id; }
 790 
 791   // Helper routines for intrinsic_id() and vmIntrinsics::method().
 792   void init_intrinsic_id();     // updates from _none if a match
 793   void clear_jmethod_id(ClassLoaderData* loader_data);
 794 
 795   static vmSymbols::SID klass_id_for_intrinsics(Klass* holder);
 796 
 797   bool     jfr_towrite()                { return _jfr_towrite;              }
 798   void set_jfr_towrite(bool x)          {        _jfr_towrite = x;          }
 799   bool     caller_sensitive()           { return _caller_sensitive;         }
 800   void set_caller_sensitive(bool x)     {        _caller_sensitive = x;     }
 801   bool     force_inline()               { return _force_inline;             }
 802   void set_force_inline(bool x)         {        _force_inline = x;         }
 803   bool     dont_inline()                { return _dont_inline;              }
 804   void set_dont_inline(bool x)          {        _dont_inline = x;          }
 805   bool  is_hidden()                     { return _hidden;                   }
 806   void set_hidden(bool x)               {        _hidden = x;               }
 807   bool     has_injected_profile()       { return _has_injected_profile;     }
 808   void set_has_injected_profile(bool x) {        _has_injected_profile = x; }
 809 
 810   TRACE_DEFINE_FLAG_ACCESSOR;
 811 
 812   ConstMethod::MethodType method_type() const {
 813       return _constMethod->method_type();
 814   }
 815   bool is_overpass() const { return method_type() == ConstMethod::OVERPASS; }
 816 
 817   // On-stack replacement support
 818   bool has_osr_nmethod(int level, bool match_level) {
 819    return method_holder()->lookup_osr_nmethod(this, InvocationEntryBci, level, match_level) != NULL;
 820   }
 821 
 822   int mark_osr_nmethods() {
 823     return method_holder()->mark_osr_nmethods(this);
 824   }
 825 
 826   nmethod* lookup_osr_nmethod_for(int bci, int level, bool match_level) {
 827     return method_holder()->lookup_osr_nmethod(this, bci, level, match_level);
 828   }
 829 
 830   // Inline cache support
 831   void cleanup_inline_caches();
 832 
 833   // Find if klass for method is loaded
 834   bool is_klass_loaded_by_klass_index(int klass_index) const;
 835   bool is_klass_loaded(int refinfo_index, bool must_be_resolved = false) const;
 836 
 837   // Indicates whether compilation failed earlier for this method, or
 838   // whether it is not compilable for another reason like having a
 839   // breakpoint set in it.
 840   bool  is_not_compilable(int comp_level = CompLevel_any) const;
 841   void set_not_compilable(int comp_level = CompLevel_all, bool report = true, const char* reason = NULL);
 842   void set_not_compilable_quietly(int comp_level = CompLevel_all) {
 843     set_not_compilable(comp_level, false);
 844   }
 845   bool  is_not_osr_compilable(int comp_level = CompLevel_any) const;
 846   void set_not_osr_compilable(int comp_level = CompLevel_all, bool report = true, const char* reason = NULL);
 847   void set_not_osr_compilable_quietly(int comp_level = CompLevel_all) {
 848     set_not_osr_compilable(comp_level, false);
 849   }
 850   bool is_always_compilable() const;
 851 
 852  private:
 853   void print_made_not_compilable(int comp_level, bool is_osr, bool report, const char* reason);
 854 
 855  public:
 856   MethodCounters* get_method_counters(TRAPS) {
 857     if (_method_counters == NULL) {
 858       build_method_counters(this, CHECK_AND_CLEAR_NULL);
 859     }
 860     return _method_counters;
 861   }
 862 
 863   bool   is_not_c1_compilable() const         { return access_flags().is_not_c1_compilable();  }
 864   void  set_not_c1_compilable()               {       _access_flags.set_not_c1_compilable();   }
 865   void clear_not_c1_compilable()              {       _access_flags.clear_not_c1_compilable(); }
 866   bool   is_not_c2_compilable() const         { return access_flags().is_not_c2_compilable();  }
 867   void  set_not_c2_compilable()               {       _access_flags.set_not_c2_compilable();   }
 868   void clear_not_c2_compilable()              {       _access_flags.clear_not_c2_compilable(); }
 869 
 870   bool    is_not_c1_osr_compilable() const    { return is_not_c1_compilable(); }  // don't waste an accessFlags bit
 871   void   set_not_c1_osr_compilable()          {       set_not_c1_compilable(); }  // don't waste an accessFlags bit
 872   void clear_not_c1_osr_compilable()          {     clear_not_c1_compilable(); }  // don't waste an accessFlags bit
 873   bool   is_not_c2_osr_compilable() const     { return access_flags().is_not_c2_osr_compilable();  }
 874   void  set_not_c2_osr_compilable()           {       _access_flags.set_not_c2_osr_compilable();   }
 875   void clear_not_c2_osr_compilable()          {       _access_flags.clear_not_c2_osr_compilable(); }
 876 
 877   // Background compilation support
 878   bool queued_for_compilation() const  { return access_flags().queued_for_compilation(); }
 879   void set_queued_for_compilation()    { _access_flags.set_queued_for_compilation();     }
 880   void clear_queued_for_compilation()  { _access_flags.clear_queued_for_compilation();   }
 881 
 882   // Resolve all classes in signature, return 'true' if successful
 883   static bool load_signature_classes(methodHandle m, TRAPS);
 884 
 885   // Return if true if not all classes references in signature, including return type, has been loaded
 886   static bool has_unloaded_classes_in_signature(methodHandle m, TRAPS);
 887 
 888   // Printing
 889   void print_short_name(outputStream* st = tty); // prints as klassname::methodname; Exposed so field engineers can debug VM
 890 #if INCLUDE_JVMTI
 891   void print_name(outputStream* st = tty); // prints as "virtual void foo(int)"; exposed for TraceRedefineClasses
 892 #else
 893   void print_name(outputStream* st = tty)        PRODUCT_RETURN; // prints as "virtual void foo(int)"
 894 #endif
 895 
 896   // Helper routine used for method sorting
 897   static void sort_methods(Array<Method*>* methods, bool idempotent = false, bool set_idnums = true);
 898 
 899   // Deallocation function for redefine classes or if an error occurs
 900   void deallocate_contents(ClassLoaderData* loader_data);
 901 
 902   // Printing
 903 #ifndef PRODUCT
 904   void print_on(outputStream* st) const;
 905 #endif
 906   void print_value_on(outputStream* st) const;
 907 
 908   const char* internal_name() const { return "{method}"; }
 909 
 910   // Check for valid method pointer
 911   static bool has_method_vptr(const void* ptr);
 912   bool is_valid_method() const;
 913 
 914   // Verify
 915   void verify() { verify_on(tty); }
 916   void verify_on(outputStream* st);
 917 
 918  private:
 919 
 920   // Inlined elements
 921   address* native_function_addr() const          { assert(is_native(), "must be native"); return (address*) (this+1); }
 922   address* signature_handler_addr() const        { return native_function_addr() + 1; }
 923 };
 924 
 925 
 926 // Utility class for compressing line number tables
 927 
 928 class CompressedLineNumberWriteStream: public CompressedWriteStream {
 929  private:
 930   int _bci;
 931   int _line;
 932  public:
 933   // Constructor
 934   CompressedLineNumberWriteStream(int initial_size) : CompressedWriteStream(initial_size), _bci(0), _line(0) {}
 935   CompressedLineNumberWriteStream(u_char* buffer, int initial_size) : CompressedWriteStream(buffer, initial_size), _bci(0), _line(0) {}
 936 
 937   // Write (bci, line number) pair to stream
 938   void write_pair_regular(int bci_delta, int line_delta);
 939 
 940   inline void write_pair_inline(int bci, int line) {
 941     int bci_delta = bci - _bci;
 942     int line_delta = line - _line;
 943     _bci = bci;
 944     _line = line;
 945     // Skip (0,0) deltas - they do not add information and conflict with terminator.
 946     if (bci_delta == 0 && line_delta == 0) return;
 947     // Check if bci is 5-bit and line number 3-bit unsigned.
 948     if (((bci_delta & ~0x1F) == 0) && ((line_delta & ~0x7) == 0)) {
 949       // Compress into single byte.
 950       jubyte value = ((jubyte) bci_delta << 3) | (jubyte) line_delta;
 951       // Check that value doesn't match escape character.
 952       if (value != 0xFF) {
 953         write_byte(value);
 954         return;
 955       }
 956     }
 957     write_pair_regular(bci_delta, line_delta);
 958   }
 959 
 960 // Windows AMD64 + Apr 2005 PSDK with /O2 generates bad code for write_pair.
 961 // Disabling optimization doesn't work for methods in header files
 962 // so we force it to call through the non-optimized version in the .cpp.
 963 // It's gross, but it's the only way we can ensure that all callers are
 964 // fixed.  _MSC_VER is defined by the windows compiler
 965 #if defined(_M_AMD64) && _MSC_VER >= 1400
 966   void write_pair(int bci, int line);
 967 #else
 968   void write_pair(int bci, int line) { write_pair_inline(bci, line); }
 969 #endif
 970 
 971   // Write end-of-stream marker
 972   void write_terminator()                        { write_byte(0); }
 973 };
 974 
 975 
 976 // Utility class for decompressing line number tables
 977 
 978 class CompressedLineNumberReadStream: public CompressedReadStream {
 979  private:
 980   int _bci;
 981   int _line;
 982  public:
 983   // Constructor
 984   CompressedLineNumberReadStream(u_char* buffer);
 985   // Read (bci, line number) pair from stream. Returns false at end-of-stream.
 986   bool read_pair();
 987   // Accessing bci and line number (after calling read_pair)
 988   int bci() const                               { return _bci; }
 989   int line() const                              { return _line; }
 990 };
 991 
 992 
 993 /// Fast Breakpoints.
 994 
 995 // If this structure gets more complicated (because bpts get numerous),
 996 // move it into its own header.
 997 
 998 // There is presently no provision for concurrent access
 999 // to breakpoint lists, which is only OK for JVMTI because
1000 // breakpoints are written only at safepoints, and are read
1001 // concurrently only outside of safepoints.
1002 
1003 class BreakpointInfo : public CHeapObj<mtClass> {
1004   friend class VMStructs;
1005  private:
1006   Bytecodes::Code  _orig_bytecode;
1007   int              _bci;
1008   u2               _name_index;       // of method
1009   u2               _signature_index;  // of method
1010   BreakpointInfo*  _next;             // simple storage allocation
1011 
1012  public:
1013   BreakpointInfo(Method* m, int bci);
1014 
1015   // accessors
1016   Bytecodes::Code orig_bytecode()                     { return _orig_bytecode; }
1017   void        set_orig_bytecode(Bytecodes::Code code) { _orig_bytecode = code; }
1018   int         bci()                                   { return _bci; }
1019 
1020   BreakpointInfo*          next() const               { return _next; }
1021   void                 set_next(BreakpointInfo* n)    { _next = n; }
1022 
1023   // helps for searchers
1024   bool match(const Method* m, int bci) {
1025     return bci == _bci && match(m);
1026   }
1027 
1028   bool match(const Method* m) {
1029     return _name_index == m->name_index() &&
1030       _signature_index == m->signature_index();
1031   }
1032 
1033   void set(Method* method);
1034   void clear(Method* method);
1035 };
1036 
1037 // Utility class for access exception handlers
1038 class ExceptionTable : public StackObj {
1039  private:
1040   ExceptionTableElement* _table;
1041   u2  _length;
1042 
1043  public:
1044   ExceptionTable(const Method* m) {
1045     if (m->has_exception_handler()) {
1046       _table = m->exception_table_start();
1047       _length = m->exception_table_length();
1048     } else {
1049       _table = NULL;
1050       _length = 0;
1051     }
1052   }
1053 
1054   int length() const {
1055     return _length;
1056   }
1057 
1058   u2 start_pc(int idx) const {
1059     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1060     return _table[idx].start_pc;
1061   }
1062 
1063   void set_start_pc(int idx, u2 value) {
1064     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1065     _table[idx].start_pc = value;
1066   }
1067 
1068   u2 end_pc(int idx) const {
1069     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1070     return _table[idx].end_pc;
1071   }
1072 
1073   void set_end_pc(int idx, u2 value) {
1074     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1075     _table[idx].end_pc = value;
1076   }
1077 
1078   u2 handler_pc(int idx) const {
1079     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1080     return _table[idx].handler_pc;
1081   }
1082 
1083   void set_handler_pc(int idx, u2 value) {
1084     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1085     _table[idx].handler_pc = value;
1086   }
1087 
1088   u2 catch_type_index(int idx) const {
1089     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1090     return _table[idx].catch_type_index;
1091   }
1092 
1093   void set_catch_type_index(int idx, u2 value) {
1094     assert(idx < _length, "out of bounds");
1095     _table[idx].catch_type_index = value;
1096   }
1097 };
1098 
1099 #endif // SHARE_VM_OOPS_METHODOOP_HPP