1 #
   2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
   3 #
   4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
   5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
   6 # published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
   7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
   8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
   9 #
  10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
  11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
  12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
  13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
  14 # accompanied this code).
  15 #
  16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
  17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
  18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
  19 #
  20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
  21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
  22 # questions.
  23 #
  24 # tzdb data for Africa and environs
  25 
  26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
  27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
  28 
  29 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
  30 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
  31 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future).  For more, please see
  32 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
  33 
  34 # From Paul Eggert (2018-05-27):
  35 #
  36 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
  37 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
  38 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
  39 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
  40 #
  41 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
  42 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
  43 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
  44 # published semiannually.  Law sent in several helpful summaries
  45 # of the IATA's data after 1990.  Except where otherwise noted,
  46 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
  47 #
  48 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
  49 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
  50 # I found in the UCLA library.
  51 #
  52 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
  53 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
  54 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
  55 #
  56 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
  57 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
  58 #
  59 # European-style abbreviations are commonly used along the Mediterranean.
  60 # For sub-Saharan Africa abbreviations were less standardized.
  61 # Previous editions of this database used WAT, CAT, SAT, and EAT
  62 # for UT +00 through +03, respectively,
  63 # but in 1997 Mark R V Murray reported that
  64 # 'SAST' is the official abbreviation for +02 in the country of South Africa,
  65 # 'CAT' is commonly used for +02 in countries north of South Africa, and
  66 # 'WAT' is probably the best name for +01, as the common phrase for
  67 # the area that includes Nigeria is "West Africa".
  68 #
  69 # To summarize, the following abbreviations seemed to have some currency:
  70 #        +00    GMT     Greenwich Mean Time
  71 #        +02    CAT     Central Africa Time
  72 #        +02    SAST    South Africa Standard Time
  73 # and Murray suggested the following abbreviation:
  74 #        +01    WAT     West Africa Time
  75 # Murray's suggestion seems to have caught on in news reports and the like.
  76 # I vaguely recall 'WAT' also being used for -01 in the past but
  77 # cannot now come up with solid citations.
  78 #
  79 # I invented the following abbreviations in the 1990s:
  80 #        +02    WAST    West Africa Summer Time
  81 #        +03    CAST    Central Africa Summer Time
  82 #        +03    SAST    South Africa Summer Time
  83 #        +03    EAT     East Africa Time
  84 # 'EAT' seems to have caught on and is in current timestamps, and though
  85 # the other abbreviations are rarer and are only in past timestamps,
  86 # they are paired with better-attested non-DST abbreviations.
  87 # Corrections are welcome.
  88 
  89 # Algeria
  90 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
  91 Rule    Algeria 1916    only    -       Jun     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  92 Rule    Algeria 1916    1919    -       Oct     Sun>=1       23:00s  0       -
  93 Rule    Algeria 1917    only    -       Mar     24      23:00s  1:00    S
  94 Rule    Algeria 1918    only    -       Mar      9      23:00s  1:00    S
  95 Rule    Algeria 1919    only    -       Mar      1      23:00s  1:00    S
  96 Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Feb     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  97 Rule    Algeria 1920    only    -       Oct     23      23:00s  0       -
  98 Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Mar     14      23:00s  1:00    S
  99 Rule    Algeria 1921    only    -       Jun     21      23:00s  0       -
 100 Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Sep     11      23:00s  1:00    S
 101 Rule    Algeria 1939    only    -       Nov     19       1:00   0       -
 102 Rule    Algeria 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1        2:00   1:00    S
 103 Rule    Algeria 1944    only    -       Oct      8       2:00   0       -
 104 Rule    Algeria 1945    only    -       Sep     16       1:00   0       -
 105 Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Apr     25      23:00s  1:00    S
 106 Rule    Algeria 1971    only    -       Sep     26      23:00s  0       -
 107 Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       May      6       0:00   1:00    S
 108 Rule    Algeria 1977    only    -       Oct     21       0:00   0       -
 109 Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Mar     24       1:00   1:00    S
 110 Rule    Algeria 1978    only    -       Sep     22       3:00   0       -
 111 Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Apr     25       0:00   1:00    S
 112 Rule    Algeria 1980    only    -       Oct     31       2:00   0       -
 113 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
 114 # more precise 0:09:21.
 115 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 116 Zone    Africa/Algiers  0:12:12 -       LMT     1891 Mar 15  0:01
 117                         0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
 118                         0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1940 Feb 25  2:00
 119                         1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1946 Oct  7
 120                         0:00    -       WET     1956 Jan 29
 121                         1:00    -       CET     1963 Apr 14
 122                         0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1977 Oct 21
 123                         1:00    Algeria CE%sT   1979 Oct 26
 124                         0:00    Algeria WE%sT   1981 May
 125                         1:00    -       CET
 126 
 127 # Angola
 128 # Benin
 129 # See Africa/Lagos.
 130 
 131 # Botswana
 132 # See Africa/Maputo.
 133 
 134 # Burkina Faso
 135 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 136 
 137 # Burundi
 138 # See Africa/Maputo.
 139 
 140 # Cameroon
 141 # See Africa/Lagos.
 142 
 143 # Cape Verde / Cabo Verde
 144 #
 145 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
 146 # Shanks gives 1907 for the transition to +02.
 147 # For now, ignore that and follow the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 148 # (see Europe/Lisbon).
 149 #
 150 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 151 Zone Atlantic/Cape_Verde -1:34:04 -     LMT     1912 Jan 01  2:00u # Praia
 152                         -2:00   -       -02     1942 Sep
 153                         -2:00   1:00    -01     1945 Oct 15
 154                         -2:00   -       -02     1975 Nov 25  2:00
 155                         -1:00   -       -01
 156 
 157 # Central African Republic
 158 # See Africa/Lagos.
 159 
 160 # Chad
 161 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 162 Zone    Africa/Ndjamena 1:00:12 -       LMT     1912        # N'Djamena
 163                         1:00    -       WAT     1979 Oct 14
 164                         1:00    1:00    WAST    1980 Mar  8
 165                         1:00    -       WAT
 166 
 167 # Comoros
 168 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 169 
 170 # Democratic Republic of the Congo
 171 # See Africa/Lagos for the western part and Africa/Maputo for the eastern.
 172 
 173 # Republic of the Congo
 174 # See Africa/Lagos.
 175 
 176 # Côte d'Ivoire / Ivory Coast
 177 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 178 Zone    Africa/Abidjan  -0:16:08 -      LMT     1912
 179                          0:00   -       GMT
 180 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Bamako       # Mali
 181 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Banjul       # Gambia
 182 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Conakry      # Guinea
 183 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Dakar        # Senegal
 184 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Freetown     # Sierra Leone
 185 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Lome         # Togo
 186 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Nouakchott   # Mauritania
 187 Link Africa/Abidjan Africa/Ouagadougou  # Burkina Faso
 188 Link Africa/Abidjan Atlantic/St_Helena  # St Helena
 189 
 190 # Djibouti
 191 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 192 
 193 ###############################################################################
 194 
 195 # Egypt
 196 
 197 # Milne says Cairo used 2:05:08.9, the local mean time of the Abbasizeh
 198 # observatory; round to nearest.  Milne also says that the official time for
 199 # Egypt was mean noon at the Great Pyramid, 2:04:30.5, but apparently this
 200 # did not apply to Cairo, Alexandria, or Port Said.
 201 
 202 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 203 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Jul     15      0:00    1:00    S
 204 Rule    Egypt   1940    only    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 205 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Apr     15      0:00    1:00    S
 206 Rule    Egypt   1941    only    -       Sep     16      0:00    0       -
 207 Rule    Egypt   1942    1944    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 208 Rule    Egypt   1942    only    -       Oct     27      0:00    0       -
 209 Rule    Egypt   1943    1945    -       Nov      1      0:00    0       -
 210 Rule    Egypt   1945    only    -       Apr     16      0:00    1:00    S
 211 Rule    Egypt   1957    only    -       May     10      0:00    1:00    S
 212 Rule    Egypt   1957    1958    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 213 Rule    Egypt   1958    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
 214 Rule    Egypt   1959    1981    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 215 Rule    Egypt   1959    1965    -       Sep     30      3:00    0       -
 216 Rule    Egypt   1966    1994    -       Oct      1      3:00    0       -
 217 Rule    Egypt   1982    only    -       Jul     25      1:00    1:00    S
 218 Rule    Egypt   1983    only    -       Jul     12      1:00    1:00    S
 219 Rule    Egypt   1984    1988    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 220 Rule    Egypt   1989    only    -       May      6      1:00    1:00    S
 221 Rule    Egypt   1990    1994    -       May      1      1:00    1:00    S
 222 # IATA (after 1990) says transitions are at 0:00.
 223 # Go with IATA starting in 1995, except correct 1995 entry from 09-30 to 09-29.
 224 
 225 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2011-04-20):
 226 # "...Egypt's interim cabinet decided on Wednesday to cancel daylight
 227 # saving time after a poll posted on its website showed the majority of
 228 # Egyptians would approve the cancellation."
 229 #
 230 # Egypt to cancel daylight saving time
 231 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/node/407168
 232 # or
 233 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt04.html
 234 Rule    Egypt   1995    2010    -       Apr     lastFri  0:00s  1:00    S
 235 Rule    Egypt   1995    2005    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 236 # From Steffen Thorsen (2006-09-19):
 237 # The Egyptian Gazette, issue 41,090 (2006-09-18), page 1, reports:
 238 # Egypt will turn back clocks by one hour at the midnight of Thursday
 239 # after observing the daylight saving time since May.
 240 # http://news.gom.com.eg/gazette/pdf/2006/09/18/01.pdf
 241 Rule    Egypt   2006    only    -       Sep     21      24:00   0       -
 242 # From Dirk Losch (2007-08-14):
 243 # I received a mail from an airline which says that the daylight
 244 # saving time in Egypt will end in the night of 2007-09-06 to 2007-09-07.
 245 # From Jesper Nørgaard Welen (2007-08-15): [The following agree:]
 246 # http://www.nentjes.info/Bill/bill5.htm
 247 # https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/city.html?n=53
 248 # From Steffen Thorsen (2007-09-04): The official information...:
 249 # http://www.sis.gov.eg/En/EgyptOnline/Miscellaneous/000002/0207000000000000001580.htm
 250 Rule    Egypt   2007    only    -       Sep     Thu>=1       24:00   0       -
 251 # From Abdelrahman Hassan (2007-09-06):
 252 # Due to the Hijri (lunar Islamic calendar) year being 11 days shorter
 253 # than the year of the Gregorian calendar, Ramadan shifts earlier each
 254 # year. This year it will be observed September 13 (September is quite
 255 # hot in Egypt), and the idea is to make fasting easier for workers by
 256 # shifting business hours one hour out of daytime heat. Consequently,
 257 # unless discontinued, next DST may end Thursday 28 August 2008.
 258 # From Paul Eggert (2007-08-17):
 259 # For lack of better info, assume the new rule is last Thursday in August.
 260 
 261 # From Petr Machata (2009-04-06):
 262 # The following appeared in Red Hat bugzilla[1] (edited):
 263 #
 264 # > $ zdump -v /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo | grep 2009
 265 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 21:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 266 # Apr 23
 267 # > 23:59:59 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 268 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Apr 23 22:00:00 2009 UTC = Fri =
 269 # Apr 24
 270 # > 01:00:00 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 271 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 20:59:59 2009 UTC = Thu =
 272 # Aug 27
 273 # > 23:59:59 2009 EEST isdst=1 gmtoff=10800
 274 # > /usr/share/zoneinfo/Africa/Cairo  Thu Aug 27 21:00:00 2009 UTC = Thu =
 275 # Aug 27
 276 # > 23:00:00 2009 EET isdst=0 gmtoff=7200
 277 #
 278 # > end date should be Thu Sep 24 2009 (Last Thursday in September at 23:59=
 279 # :59)
 280 # > http://support.microsoft.com/kb/958729/
 281 #
 282 # timeanddate[2] and another site I've found[3] also support that.
 283 #
 284 # [1] https://bugzilla.redhat.com/show_bug.cgi?id=492263
 285 # [2] https://www.timeanddate.com/worldclock/clockchange.html?n=53
 286 # [3] https://wwp.greenwichmeantime.com/time-zone/africa/egypt/
 287 
 288 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-04-20):
 289 # In 2009 (and for the next several years), Ramadan ends before the fourth
 290 # Thursday in September; Egypt is expected to revert to the last Thursday
 291 # in September.
 292 
 293 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-08-11):
 294 # We have been able to confirm the August change with the Egyptian Cabinet
 295 # Information and Decision Support Center:
 296 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-dst-ends-2009.html
 297 #
 298 # The Middle East News Agency
 299 # https://www.mena.org.eg/index.aspx
 300 # also reports "Egypt starts winter time on August 21"
 301 # today in article numbered "71, 11/08/2009 12:25 GMT."
 302 # Only the title above is available without a subscription to their service,
 303 # and can be found by searching for "winter" in their search engine
 304 # (at least today).
 305 
 306 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-07-20):
 307 # According to News from Egypt - Al-Masry Al-Youm Egypt's cabinet has
 308 # decided that Daylight Saving Time will not be used in Egypt during
 309 # Ramadan.
 310 #
 311 # Arabic translation:
 312 # "Clocks to go back during Ramadan - and then forward again"
 313 # http://www.almasryalyoum.com/en/news/clocks-go-back-during-ramadan-and-then-forward-again
 314 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_egypt02.html
 315 
 316 # From Ahmad El-Dardiry (2014-05-07):
 317 # Egypt is to change back to Daylight system on May 15
 318 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/100735/Egypt/Politics-/Egypts-government-to-reapply-daylight-saving-time-.aspx
 319 
 320 # From Gunther Vermier (2014-05-13):
 321 # our Egypt office confirms that the change will be at 15 May "midnight" (24:00)
 322 
 323 # From Imed Chihi (2014-06-04):
 324 # We have finally "located" a precise official reference about the DST changes
 325 # in Egypt.  The Ministers Cabinet decision is explained at
 326 # http://www.cabinet.gov.eg/Media/CabinetMeetingsDetails.aspx?id=347 ...
 327 # [T]his (Arabic) site is not accessible outside Egypt, but the page ...
 328 # translates into: "With regard to daylight saving time, it is scheduled to
 329 # take effect at exactly twelve o'clock this evening, Thursday, 15 MAY 2014,
 330 # to be suspended by twelve o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 26 JUN 2014,
 331 # and re-established again at the end of the month of Ramadan, at twelve
 332 # o'clock on the evening of Thursday, 31 JUL 2014."  This statement has been
 333 # reproduced by other (more accessible) sites[, e.g.,]...
 334 # http://elgornal.net/news/news.aspx?id=4699258
 335 
 336 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-04):
 337 # Sarah El Deeb and Lee Keath of AP report that the Egyptian government says
 338 # the change is because of blackouts in Cairo, even though Ahram Online (cited
 339 # above) says DST had no affect on electricity consumption.  There is
 340 # no information about when DST will end this fall.  See:
 341 # http://abcnews.go.com/International/wireStory/el-sissi-pushes-egyptians-line-23614833
 342 
 343 # From Steffen Thorsen (2015-04-08):
 344 # Egypt will start DST on midnight after Thursday, April 30, 2015.
 345 # This is based on a law (no 35) from May 15, 2014 saying it starts the last
 346 # Thursday of April....  Clocks will still be turned back for Ramadan, but
 347 # dates not yet announced....
 348 # http://almogaz.com/news/weird-news/2015/04/05/1947105 ...
 349 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/egypt-starts-dst-2015.html
 350 
 351 # From Ahmed Nazmy (2015-04-20):
 352 # Egypt's ministers cabinet just announced ... that it will cancel DST at
 353 # least for 2015.
 354 #
 355 # From Tim Parenti (2015-04-20):
 356 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/WriterArticles/NewsContentP/1/128195/Egypt/No-daylight-saving-this-summer-Egypts-prime-minist.aspx
 357 # "Egypt's cabinet agreed on Monday not to switch clocks for daylight saving
 358 # time this summer, and carry out studies on the possibility of canceling the
 359 # practice altogether in future years."
 360 #
 361 # From Paul Eggert (2015-04-24):
 362 # Yesterday the office of Egyptian President El-Sisi announced his
 363 # decision to abandon DST permanently.  See Ahram Online 2015-04-24.
 364 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/128509/Egypt/Politics-/Sisi-cancels-daylight-saving-time-in-Egypt.aspx
 365 
 366 # From Steffen Thorsen (2016-04-29):
 367 # Egypt will have DST from July 7 until the end of October....
 368 # http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContentP/1/204655/Egypt/Daylight-savings-time-returning-to-Egypt-on--July.aspx
 369 # From Mina Samuel (2016-07-04):
 370 # Egyptian government took the decision to cancel the DST,
 371 
 372 Rule    Egypt   2008    only    -       Aug     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 373 Rule    Egypt   2009    only    -       Aug     20      24:00   0       -
 374 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Aug     10      24:00   0       -
 375 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep      9      24:00   1:00    S
 376 Rule    Egypt   2010    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 377 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       May     15      24:00   1:00    S
 378 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jun     26      24:00   0       -
 379 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Jul     31      24:00   1:00    S
 380 Rule    Egypt   2014    only    -       Sep     lastThu 24:00   0       -
 381 
 382 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 383 Zone    Africa/Cairo    2:05:09 -       LMT     1900 Oct
 384                         2:00    Egypt   EE%sT
 385 
 386 # Equatorial Guinea
 387 # See Africa/Lagos.
 388 
 389 # Eritrea
 390 # Ethiopia
 391 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 392 #
 393 # Unfortunately tzdb records only Western clock time in use in Ethiopia,
 394 # as the tzdb format is not up to properly recording a common Ethiopian
 395 # timekeeping practice that is based on solar time.  See:
 396 # Mortada D. If you have a meeting in Ethiopia, you'd better double
 397 # check the time. PRI's The World. 2015-01-30 15:15 -05.
 398 # https://www.pri.org/stories/2015-01-30/if-you-have-meeting-ethiopia-you-better-double-check-time
 399 
 400 # Gabon
 401 # See Africa/Lagos.
 402 
 403 # Gambia
 404 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 405 
 406 # Ghana
 407 
 408 # From Paul Eggert (2018-01-30):
 409 # Whitman says DST was observed from 1931 to "the present";
 410 # Shanks & Pottenger say 1936 to 1942 with 20 minutes of DST,
 411 # with transitions on 09-01 and 12-31 at 00:00.
 412 # Page 33 of Parish GCB, Colonial Reports - Annual. No. 1066. Gold
 413 # Coast. Report for 1919. (March 1921), OCLC 784024077
 414 # http://libsysdigi.library.illinois.edu/ilharvest/africana/books2011-05/5530214/5530214_1919/5530214_1919_opt.pdf
 415 # lists the Determination of the Time Ordinance, 1919, No. 18,
 416 # "to advance the time observed locally by the space of twenty minutes
 417 # during the last four months of each year; the object in view being
 418 # to extend during those months the period of daylight-time available
 419 # for evening recreation after office hours."
 420 # Vanessa Ogle, The Global Transformation of Time, 1870-1950 (2015), p 33,
 421 # writes "In 1919, the Gold Coast (Ghana as of 1957) made Greenwich
 422 # time its legal time and simultaneously legalized a summer time of
 423 # UTC - 00:20 minutes from March to October."; a footnote lists
 424 # the ordinance as being dated 1919-11-24.
 425 # The Crown Colonist, Volume 12 (1942), p 176, says "the Government
 426 # intend advancing Gold Coast time half an hour ahead of G.M.T.
 427 # The actual date of the alteration has not yet been announced."
 428 # These sources are incomplete and contradictory.  Possibly what is
 429 # now Ghana observed different DST regimes in different years.  For
 430 # lack of better info, use Shanks except treat the minus sign as a
 431 # typo, and assume DST started in 1920 not 1936.
 432 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 433 Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Sep      1      0:00    0:20    -
 434 Rule    Ghana   1920    1942    -       Dec     31      0:00    0       -
 435 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 436 Zone    Africa/Accra    -0:00:52 -      LMT     1918
 437                          0:00   Ghana   GMT/+0020
 438 
 439 # Guinea
 440 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 441 
 442 # Guinea-Bissau
 443 #
 444 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-16):
 445 # Shanks gives 1911-05-26 for the transition to WAT,
 446 # evidently confusing the date of the Portuguese decree
 447 # (see Europe/Lisbon) with the date that it took effect.
 448 #
 449 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 450 Zone    Africa/Bissau   -1:02:20 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1  1:00u
 451                         -1:00   -       -01     1975
 452                          0:00   -       GMT
 453 
 454 # Kenya
 455 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 456 Zone    Africa/Nairobi  2:27:16 -       LMT     1928 Jul
 457                         3:00    -       EAT     1930
 458                         2:30    -       +0230   1940
 459                         2:45    -       +0245   1960
 460                         3:00    -       EAT
 461 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Addis_Ababa   # Ethiopia
 462 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Asmara        # Eritrea
 463 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Dar_es_Salaam # Tanzania
 464 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Djibouti
 465 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Kampala       # Uganda
 466 Link Africa/Nairobi Africa/Mogadishu     # Somalia
 467 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Antananarivo  # Madagascar
 468 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Comoro
 469 Link Africa/Nairobi Indian/Mayotte
 470 
 471 # Lesotho
 472 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
 473 
 474 # Liberia
 475 #
 476 # From Paul Eggert (2017-03-02):
 477 #
 478 # The Nautical Almanac for the Year 1970, p 264, is the source for -0:44:30.
 479 #
 480 # In 1972 Liberia was the last country to switch from a UT offset
 481 # that was not a multiple of 15 or 20 minutes.  The 1972 change was on
 482 # 1972-01-07, according to an entry dated 1972-01-04 on p 330 of:
 483 # Presidential Papers: First year of the administration of
 484 # President William R. Tolbert, Jr., July 23, 1971-July 31, 1972.
 485 # Monrovia: Executive Mansion.
 486 #
 487 # Use the abbreviation "MMT" before 1972, as the more-accurate numeric
 488 # abbreviation "-004430" would be one byte over the POSIX limit.
 489 #
 490 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 491 Zone    Africa/Monrovia -0:43:08 -      LMT     1882
 492                         -0:43:08 -      MMT     1919 Mar # Monrovia Mean Time
 493                         -0:44:30 -      MMT     1972 Jan 7 # approximately MMT
 494                          0:00   -       GMT
 495 
 496 ###############################################################################
 497 
 498 # Libya
 499 
 500 # From Even Scharning (2012-11-10):
 501 # Libya set their time one hour back at 02:00 on Saturday November 10.
 502 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2012/11/04/clocks-to-go-back-an-hour-on-saturday/
 503 # Here is an official source [in Arabic]: http://ls.ly/fb6Yc
 504 #
 505 # Steffen Thorsen forwarded a translation (2012-11-10) in
 506 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2012-November/018451.html
 507 #
 508 # From Tim Parenti (2012-11-11):
 509 # Treat the 2012-11-10 change as a zone change from UTC+2 to UTC+1.
 510 # The DST rules planned for 2013 and onward roughly mirror those of Europe
 511 # (either two days before them or five days after them, so as to fall on
 512 # lastFri instead of lastSun).
 513 
 514 # From Even Scharning (2013-10-25):
 515 # The scheduled end of DST in Libya on Friday, October 25, 2013 was
 516 # cancelled yesterday....
 517 # https://www.libyaherald.com/2013/10/24/correction-no-time-change-tomorrow/
 518 #
 519 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-25):
 520 # For now, assume they're reverting to the pre-2012 rules of permanent UT +02.
 521 
 522 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 523 Rule    Libya   1951    only    -       Oct     14      2:00    1:00    S
 524 Rule    Libya   1952    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 525 Rule    Libya   1953    only    -       Oct      9      2:00    1:00    S
 526 Rule    Libya   1954    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 527 Rule    Libya   1955    only    -       Sep     30      0:00    1:00    S
 528 Rule    Libya   1956    only    -       Jan      1      0:00    0       -
 529 Rule    Libya   1982    1984    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 530 Rule    Libya   1982    1985    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 531 Rule    Libya   1985    only    -       Apr      6      0:00    1:00    S
 532 Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 533 Rule    Libya   1986    only    -       Oct      3      0:00    0       -
 534 Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Apr      1      0:00    1:00    S
 535 Rule    Libya   1987    1989    -       Oct      1      0:00    0       -
 536 Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Apr      4      0:00    1:00    S
 537 Rule    Libya   1997    only    -       Oct      4      0:00    0       -
 538 Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Mar     lastFri 1:00    1:00    S
 539 Rule    Libya   2013    only    -       Oct     lastFri 2:00    0       -
 540 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 541 Zone    Africa/Tripoli  0:52:44 -       LMT     1920
 542                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1959
 543                         2:00    -       EET     1982
 544                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1990 May  4
 545 # The 1996 and 1997 entries are from Shanks & Pottenger;
 546 # the IATA SSIM data entries contain some obvious errors.
 547                         2:00    -       EET     1996 Sep 30
 548                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   1997 Oct  4
 549                         2:00    -       EET     2012 Nov 10  2:00
 550                         1:00    Libya   CE%sT   2013 Oct 25  2:00
 551                         2:00    -       EET
 552 
 553 # Madagascar
 554 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 555 
 556 # Malawi
 557 # See Africa/Maputo.
 558 
 559 # Mali
 560 # Mauritania
 561 # See Africa/Abidjan.
 562 
 563 # Mauritius
 564 
 565 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-06-25):
 566 # Mauritius plans to observe DST from 2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31 on a trial
 567 # basis....
 568 # It seems that Mauritius observed daylight saving time from 1982-10-10 to
 569 # 1983-03-20 as well, but that was not successful....
 570 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-daylight-saving-time.html
 571 
 572 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-06-25):
 573 # http://economicdevelopment.gov.mu/portal/site/Mainhomepage/menuitem.a42b24128104d9845dabddd154508a0c/?content_id=0a7cee8b5d69a110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 574 
 575 # From Arthur David Olson (2008-06-30):
 576 # The www.timeanddate.com article cited by Steffen Thorsen notes that "A
 577 # final decision has yet to be made on the times that daylight saving
 578 # would begin and end on these dates." As a place holder, use midnight.
 579 
 580 # From Paul Eggert (2008-06-30):
 581 # Follow Thorsen on DST in 1982/1983, instead of Shanks & Pottenger.
 582 
 583 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-07-10):
 584 # According to
 585 # http://www.lexpress.mu/display_article.php?news_id=111216
 586 # (in French), Mauritius will start and end their DST a few days earlier
 587 # than previously announced (2008-11-01 to 2009-03-31).  The new start
 588 # date is 2008-10-26 at 02:00 and the new end date is 2009-03-27 (no time
 589 # given, but it is probably at either 2 or 3 wall clock time).
 590 #
 591 # A little strange though, since the article says that they moved the date
 592 # to align itself with Europe and USA which also change time on that date,
 593 # but that means they have not paid attention to what happened in
 594 # USA/Canada last year (DST ends first Sunday in November). I also wonder
 595 # why that they end on a Friday, instead of aligning with Europe which
 596 # changes two days later.
 597 
 598 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-07-11):
 599 # Seems that English language article "The revival of daylight saving
 600 # time: Energy conservation?"- No. 16578 (07/11/2008) was originally
 601 # published on Monday, June 30, 2008...
 602 #
 603 # I guess that article in French "Le gouvernement avance l'introduction
 604 # de l'heure d'été" stating that DST in Mauritius starting on October 26
 605 # and ending on March 27, 2009 is the most recent one....
 606 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_mauritius02.html
 607 
 608 # From Riad M. Hossen Ally (2008-08-03):
 609 # The Government of Mauritius weblink
 610 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/site/pmosite/menuitem.4ca0efdee47462e7440a600248a521ca/?content_id=4728ca68b2a5b110VgnVCM1000000a04a8c0RCRD
 611 # Cabinet Decision of July 18th, 2008 states as follows:
 612 #
 613 # 4. ...Cabinet has agreed to the introduction into the National Assembly
 614 # of the Time Bill which provides for the introduction of summer time in
 615 # Mauritius. The summer time period which will be of one hour ahead of
 616 # the standard time, will be aligned with that in Europe and the United
 617 # States of America. It will start at two o'clock in the morning on the
 618 # last Sunday of October and will end at two o'clock in the morning on
 619 # the last Sunday of March the following year. The summer time for the
 620 # year 2008-2009 will, therefore, be effective as from 26 October 2008
 621 # and end on 29 March 2009.
 622 
 623 # From Ed Maste (2008-10-07):
 624 # THE TIME BILL (No. XXVII of 2008) Explanatory Memorandum states the
 625 # beginning / ending of summer time is 2 o'clock standard time in the
 626 # morning of the last Sunday of October / last Sunday of March.
 627 # http://www.gov.mu/portal/goc/assemblysite/file/bill2708.pdf
 628 
 629 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-06-05):
 630 # According to several sources, Mauritius will not continue to observe
 631 # DST the coming summer...
 632 #
 633 # Some sources, in French:
 634 # http://www.defimedia.info/news/946/Rashid-Beebeejaun-:-%C2%AB-L%E2%80%99heure-d%E2%80%99%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ne-sera-pas-appliqu%C3%A9e-cette-ann%C3%A9e-%C2%BB
 635 # http://lexpress.mu/Story/3398~Beebeejaun---Les-objectifs-d-%C3%A9conomie-d-%C3%A9nergie-de-l-heure-d-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-ont-%C3%A9t%C3%A9-atteints-
 636 #
 637 # Our wrap-up:
 638 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat.html
 639 
 640 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-07-11):
 641 # The "mauritius-dst-will-not-repeat" wrapup includes this:
 642 # "The trial ended on March 29, 2009, when the clocks moved back by one hour
 643 # at 2am (or 02:00) local time..."
 644 
 645 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 646 Rule Mauritius  1982    only    -       Oct     10      0:00    1:00    -
 647 Rule Mauritius  1983    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       -
 648 Rule Mauritius  2008    only    -       Oct     lastSun 2:00    1:00    -
 649 Rule Mauritius  2009    only    -       Mar     lastSun 2:00    0       -
 650 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 651 Zone Indian/Mauritius   3:50:00 -       LMT     1907 # Port Louis
 652                         4:00 Mauritius  +04/+05
 653 # Agalega Is, Rodriguez
 654 # no information; probably like Indian/Mauritius
 655 
 656 # Mayotte
 657 # See Africa/Nairobi.
 658 
 659 # Morocco
 660 # See the 'europe' file for Spanish Morocco (Africa/Ceuta).
 661 
 662 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 663 # Here is an article that Morocco plan to introduce Daylight Saving Time between
 664 # 1 June, 2008 and 27 September, 2008.
 665 #
 666 # "... Morocco is to save energy by adjusting its clock during summer so it will
 667 # be one hour ahead of GMT between 1 June and 27 September, according to
 668 # Communication Minister and Government Spokesman, Khalid Naciri...."
 669 #
 670 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco01.html
 671 # http://en.afrik.com/news11892.html
 672 
 673 # From Alex Krivenyshev (2008-05-09):
 674 # The Morocco time change can be confirmed on Morocco web site Maghreb Arabe
 675 # Presse:
 676 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/box3/morocco_shifts_to_da/view
 677 #
 678 # Morocco shifts to daylight time on June 1st through September 27, Govt.
 679 # spokesman.
 680 
 681 # From Patrice Scattolin (2008-05-09):
 682 # According to this article:
 683 # https://www.avmaroc.com/actualite/heure-dete-comment-a127896.html
 684 # (and republished here: <http://www.actu.ma/heure-dete-comment_i127896_0.html>)
 685 # the changes occur at midnight:
 686 #
 687 # Saturday night May 31st at midnight (which in French is to be
 688 # interpreted as the night between Saturday and Sunday)
 689 # Sunday night the 28th at midnight
 690 #
 691 # Seeing that the 28th is Monday, I am guessing that she intends to say
 692 # the midnight of the 28th which is the midnight between Sunday and
 693 # Monday, which jives with other sources that say that it's inclusive
 694 # June 1st to Sept 27th.
 695 #
 696 # The decision was taken by decree *2-08-224 *but I can't find the decree
 697 # published on the web.
 698 #
 699 # It's also confirmed here:
 700 # http://www.maroc.ma/NR/exeres/FACF141F-D910-44B0-B7FA-6E03733425D1.htm
 701 # on a government portal as being between June 1st and Sept 27th (not yet
 702 # posted in English).
 703 #
 704 # The following Google query will generate many relevant hits:
 705 # https://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=Conseil+de+gouvernement+maroc+heure+avance&btnG=Search
 706 
 707 # From Steffen Thorsen (2008-08-27):
 708 # Morocco will change the clocks back on the midnight between August 31
 709 # and September 1. They originally planned to observe DST to near the end
 710 # of September:
 711 #
 712 # One article about it (in French):
 713 # http://www.menara.ma/fr/Actualites/Maroc/Societe/ci.retour_a_l_heure_gmt_a_partir_du_dimanche_31_aout_a_minuit_officiel_.default
 714 #
 715 # We have some further details posted here:
 716 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-ends-dst-early-2008.html
 717 
 718 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-17):
 719 # Morocco will observe DST from 2009-06-01 00:00 to 2009-08-21 00:00 according
 720 # to many sources, such as
 721 # http://news.marweb.com/morocco/entertainment/morocco-daylight-saving.html
 722 # http://www.medi1sat.ma/fr/depeche.aspx?idp=2312
 723 # (French)
 724 #
 725 # Our summary:
 726 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2009.html
 727 
 728 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
 729 # Here is a link to official document from Royaume du Maroc Premier Ministre,
 730 # Ministère de la Modernisation des Secteurs Publics
 731 #
 732 # Under Article 1 of Royal Decree No. 455-67 of Act 23 safar 1387 (2 June 1967)
 733 # concerning the amendment of the legal time, the Ministry of Modernization of
 734 # Public Sectors announced that the official time in the Kingdom will be
 735 # advanced 60 minutes from Sunday 31 May 2009 at midnight.
 736 #
 737 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/francais/Actualites_fr/PDF_Actualites_Fr/HeureEte_FR.pdf
 738 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco03.html
 739 
 740 # From Steffen Thorsen (2010-04-13):
 741 # Several news media in Morocco report that the Ministry of Modernization
 742 # of Public Sectors has announced that Morocco will have DST from
 743 # 2010-05-02 to 2010-08-08.
 744 #
 745 # Example:
 746 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualites/4099-le-maroc-passera-a-l-heure-d-ete-gmt1-le-2-mai.html
 747 # (French)
 748 # Our page:
 749 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/morocco-starts-dst-2010.html
 750 
 751 # From Dan Abitol (2011-03-30):
 752 # ...Rules for Africa/Casablanca are the following (24h format)
 753 # The 3rd April 2011 at 00:00:00, [it] will be 3rd April 01:00:00
 754 # The 31st July 2011 at 00:59:59, [it] will be 31st July 00:00:00
 755 # ...Official links of change in morocco
 756 # The change was broadcast on the FM Radio
 757 # I ve called ANRT (telecom regulations in Morocco) at
 758 # +212.537.71.84.00
 759 # http://www.anrt.net.ma/fr/
 760 # They said that
 761 # http://www.map.ma/fr/sections/accueil/l_heure_legale_au_ma/view
 762 # is the official publication to look at.
 763 # They said that the decision was already taken.
 764 #
 765 # More articles in the press
 766 # https://www.yabiladi.com/articles/details/5058/secret-l-heure-d-ete-maroc-leve.html
 767 # http://www.lematin.ma/Actualite/Express/Article.asp?id=148923
 768 # http://www.lavieeco.com/actualite/Le-Maroc-passe-sur-GMT%2B1-a-partir-de-dim
 769 
 770 # From Petr Machata (2011-03-30):
 771 # They have it written in English here:
 772 # http://www.map.ma/eng/sections/home/morocco_to_spring_fo/view
 773 #
 774 # It says there that "Morocco will resume its standard time on July 31,
 775 # 2011 at midnight." Now they don't say whether they mean midnight of
 776 # wall clock time (i.e. 11pm UTC), but that's what I would assume. It has
 777 # also been like that in the past.
 778 
 779 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2012-03-09):
 780 # According to Infomédiaire web site from Morocco (infomediaire.ma),
 781 # on March 9, 2012, (in French) Heure légale:
 782 # Le Maroc adopte officiellement l'heure d'été
 783 # http://www.infomediaire.ma/news/maroc/heure-l%C3%A9gale-le-maroc-adopte-officiellement-lheure-d%C3%A9t%C3%A9
 784 # Governing Council adopted draft decree, that Morocco DST starts on
 785 # the last Sunday of March (March 25, 2012) and ends on
 786 # last Sunday of September (September 30, 2012)
 787 # except the month of Ramadan.
 788 # or (brief)
 789 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_morocco06.html
 790 
 791 # From Arthur David Olson (2012-03-10):
 792 # The infomediaire.ma source indicates that the system is to be in
 793 # effect every year. It gives 03H00 as the "fall back" time of day;
 794 # it lacks a "spring forward" time of day; assume 2:00 XXX.
 795 # Wait on specifying the Ramadan exception for details about
 796 # start date, start time of day, end date, and end time of day XXX.
 797 
 798 # From Christophe Tropamer (2012-03-16):
 799 # Seen Morocco change again:
 800 # http://www.le2uminutes.com/actualite.php
 801 # "...à partir du dernier dimanche d'avril et non fins mars,
 802 # comme annoncé précédemment."
 803 
 804 # From Milamber Space Network (2012-07-17):
 805 # The official return to GMT is announced by the Moroccan government:
 806 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288 [in French]
 807 #
 808 # Google translation, lightly edited:
 809 # Back to the standard time of the Kingdom (GMT)
 810 # Pursuant to Decree No. 2-12-126 issued on 26 Jumada (I) 1433 (April 18,
 811 # 2012) and in accordance with the order of Mr. President of the
 812 # Government No. 3-47-12 issued on 24 Sha'ban (11 July 2012), the Ministry
 813 # of Public Service and Administration Modernization announces the return
 814 # of the legal time of the Kingdom (GMT) from Friday, July 20, 2012 until
 815 # Monday, August 20, 2012.  So the time will be delayed by 60 minutes from
 816 # 3:00 am Friday, July 20, 2012 and will again be advanced by 60 minutes
 817 # August 20, 2012 from 2:00 am.
 818 
 819 # From Paul Eggert (2013-03-06):
 820 # Morocco's daylight-saving transitions due to Ramadan seem to be
 821 # announced a bit in advance.  On 2012-07-11 the Moroccan government
 822 # announced that year's Ramadan daylight-saving transitions would be
 823 # 2012-07-20 and 2012-08-20; see
 824 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=288
 825 
 826 # From Andrew Paprocki (2013-07-02):
 827 # Morocco announced that the year's Ramadan daylight-savings
 828 # transitions would be 2013-07-07 and 2013-08-10; see:
 829 # http://www.maroc.ma/en/news/morocco-suspends-daylight-saving-time-july-7-aug10
 830 
 831 # From Steffen Thorsen (2013-09-28):
 832 # Morocco extends DST by one month, on very short notice, just 1 day
 833 # before it was going to end.  There is a new decree (2.13.781) for
 834 # this, where DST from now on goes from last Sunday of March at 02:00
 835 # to last Sunday of October at 03:00, similar to EU rules.  Official
 836 # source (French):
 837 # http://www.maroc.gov.ma/fr/actualites/lhoraire-dete-gmt1-maintenu-jusquau-27-octobre-2013
 838 # Another source (specifying the time for start and end in the decree):
 839 # http://www.lemag.ma/Heure-d-ete-au-Maroc-jusqu-au-27-octobre_a75620.html
 840 
 841 # From Sebastien Willemijns (2014-03-18):
 842 # http://www.afriquinfos.com/articles/2014/3/18/maroc-heure-dete-avancez-tous-horloges-247891.asp
 843 
 844 # From Milamber Space Network (2014-06-05):
 845 # The Moroccan government has recently announced that the country will return
 846 # to standard time at 03:00 on Saturday, June 28, 2014 local time....  DST
 847 # will resume again at 02:00 on Saturday, August 2, 2014....
 848 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=586
 849 
 850 # From Milamber (2015-06-08):
 851 # (Google Translation) The hour will thus be delayed 60 minutes
 852 # Sunday, June 14 at 3:00, the ministry said in a statement, adding
 853 # that the time will be advanced again 60 minutes Sunday, July 19,
 854 # 2015 at 2:00.  The move comes under 2.12.126 Decree of 26 Jumada I
 855 # 1433 (18 April 2012) and the decision of the Head of Government of
 856 # 16 N. 3-29-15 Chaaban 1435 (4 June 2015).
 857 # Source (french):
 858 # https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/
 859 #
 860 # From Milamber (2015-06-09):
 861 # http://www.mmsp.gov.ma/fr/actualites.aspx?id=863
 862 #
 863 # From Michael Deckers (2015-06-09):
 864 # [The gov.ma announcement] would (probably) make the switch on 2015-07-19 go
 865 # from 03:00 to 04:00 rather than from 02:00 to 03:00, as in the patch....
 866 # I think the patch is correct and the quoted text is wrong; the text in
 867 # <https://lnt.ma/le-maroc-reculera-dune-heure-le-dimanche-14-juin/> agrees
 868 # with the patch.
 869 
 870 # From Mohamed Essedik Najd (2018-10-26):
 871 # Today, a Moroccan government council approved the perpetual addition
 872 # of 60 minutes to the regular Moroccan timezone.
 873 # From Brian Inglis (2018-10-26):
 874 # http://www.maroc.ma/fr/actualites/le-conseil-de-gouvernement-adopte-un-projet-de-decret-relatif-lheure-legale-stipulant-le
 875 
 876 # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
 877 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Sep     12       0:00   1:00    -
 878 Rule    Morocco 1939    only    -       Nov     19       0:00   0       -
 879 Rule    Morocco 1940    only    -       Feb     25       0:00   1:00    -
 880 Rule    Morocco 1945    only    -       Nov     18       0:00   0       -
 881 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Jun     11       0:00   1:00    -
 882 Rule    Morocco 1950    only    -       Oct     29       0:00   0       -
 883 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Jun      3      12:00   1:00    -
 884 Rule    Morocco 1967    only    -       Oct      1       0:00   0       -
 885 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Jun     24       0:00   1:00    -
 886 Rule    Morocco 1974    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 887 Rule    Morocco 1976    1977    -       May      1       0:00   1:00    -
 888 Rule    Morocco 1976    only    -       Aug      1       0:00   0       -
 889 Rule    Morocco 1977    only    -       Sep     28       0:00   0       -
 890 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    -
 891 Rule    Morocco 1978    only    -       Aug      4       0:00   0       -
 892 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    -
 893 Rule    Morocco 2008    only    -       Sep      1       0:00   0       -
 894 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Jun      1       0:00   1:00    -
 895 Rule    Morocco 2009    only    -       Aug     21       0:00   0       -
 896 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       May      2       0:00   1:00    -
 897 Rule    Morocco 2010    only    -       Aug      8       0:00   0       -
 898 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Apr      3       0:00   1:00    -
 899 Rule    Morocco 2011    only    -       Jul     31       0:00   0       -
 900 Rule    Morocco 2012    2013    -       Apr     lastSun  2:00   1:00    -
 901 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Jul     20       3:00   0       -
 902 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Aug     20       2:00   1:00    -
 903 Rule    Morocco 2012    only    -       Sep     30       3:00   0       -
 904 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Jul      7       3:00   0       -
 905 Rule    Morocco 2013    only    -       Aug     10       2:00   1:00    -
 906 Rule    Morocco 2013    2018    -       Oct     lastSun  3:00   0       -
 907 Rule    Morocco 2014    2018    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00   1:00    -
 908 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Jun     28       3:00   0       -
 909 Rule    Morocco 2014    only    -       Aug      2       2:00   1:00    -
 910 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jun     14       3:00   0       -
 911 Rule    Morocco 2015    only    -       Jul     19       2:00   1:00    -
 912 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jun      5       3:00   0       -
 913 Rule    Morocco 2016    only    -       Jul     10       2:00   1:00    -
 914 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       May     21       3:00   0       -
 915 Rule    Morocco 2017    only    -       Jul      2       2:00   1:00    -
 916 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       May     13       3:00   0       -
 917 Rule    Morocco 2018    only    -       Jun     17       2:00   1:00    -
 918 
 919 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 920 Zone Africa/Casablanca  -0:30:20 -      LMT     1913 Oct 26
 921                          0:00   Morocco +00/+01 1984 Mar 16
 922                          1:00   -       +01     1986
 923                          0:00   Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 27
 924                          1:00   -       +01
 925 
 926 # Western Sahara
 927 #
 928 # From Gwillim Law (2013-10-22):
 929 # A correspondent who is usually well informed about time zone matters
 930 # ... says that Western Sahara observes daylight saving time, just as
 931 # Morocco does.
 932 #
 933 # From Paul Eggert (2013-10-23):
 934 # Assume that this has been true since Western Sahara switched to GMT,
 935 # since most of it was then controlled by Morocco.
 936 
 937 Zone Africa/El_Aaiun    -0:52:48 -      LMT     1934 Jan # El Aaiún
 938                         -1:00   -       -01     1976 Apr 14
 939                          0:00   Morocco +00/+01 2018 Oct 27
 940                          1:00   -       +01
 941 
 942 # Mozambique
 943 #
 944 # Shanks gives 1903-03-01 for the transition to CAT.
 945 # Perhaps the 1911-05-26 Portuguese decree
 946 # https://dre.pt/pdf1sdip/1911/05/12500/23132313.pdf
 947 # merely made it official?
 948 #
 949 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
 950 Zone    Africa/Maputo   2:10:20 -       LMT     1903 Mar
 951                         2:00    -       CAT
 952 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Blantyre      # Malawi
 953 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Bujumbura     # Burundi
 954 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Gaborone      # Botswana
 955 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Harare        # Zimbabwe
 956 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Kigali        # Rwanda
 957 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lubumbashi    # E Dem. Rep. of Congo
 958 Link Africa/Maputo Africa/Lusaka        # Zambia
 959 
 960 
 961 # Namibia
 962 
 963 # From Arthur David Olson (2017-08-09):
 964 # The text of the "Namibia Time Act, 1994" is available online at
 965 # www.lac.org.na/laws/1994/811.pdf
 966 # and includes this nugget:
 967 # Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (2) of section 1, the
 968 # first winter period after the commencement of this Act shall
 969 # commence at OOhOO on Monday 21 March 1994 and shall end at 02h00 on
 970 # Sunday 4 September 1994.
 971 
 972 # From Michael Deckers (2017-04-06):
 973 # ... both summer and winter time are called "standard"
 974 # (which differs from the use in Ireland) ...
 975 
 976 # From Petronella Sibeene (2007-03-30):
 977 # http://allafrica.com/stories/200703300178.html
 978 # While the entire country changes its time, Katima Mulilo and other
 979 # settlements in Caprivi unofficially will not because the sun there
 980 # rises and sets earlier compared to other regions.  Chief of
 981 # Forecasting Riaan van Zyl explained that the far eastern parts of
 982 # the country are close to 40 minutes earlier in sunrise than the rest
 983 # of the country.
 984 #
 985 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-22):
 986 # Although the Zambezi Region (formerly known as Caprivi) informally
 987 # observes Botswana time, we have no details about historical practice.
 988 # In the meantime people there can use Africa/Gaborone.
 989 # See: Immanuel S. The Namibian. 2017-02-23.
 990 # https://www.namibian.com.na/51480/read/Time-change-divides-lawmakers
 991 
 992 # From Steffen Thorsen (2017-08-09):
 993 # Namibia is going to change their time zone to what is now their DST:
 994 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
 995 # This video is from the government decision:
 996 # https://www.nbc.na/news/na-passes-namibia-time-bill-repealing-1994-namibia-time-act.8665
 997 # We have made the assumption so far that they will change their time zone at
 998 # the same time they would normally start DST, the first Sunday in September:
 999 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/namibia-new-time-zone.html
1000 
1001 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-09):
1002 # Before the change, summer and winter time were both standard time legally.
1003 # However in common parlance, winter time was considered to be DST.  See, e.g.:
1004 # http://www.nbc.na/news/namibias-winter-time-could-be-scrapped.2706
1005 # https://zone.my.na/news/times-are-changing-in-namibia
1006 # https://www.newera.com.na/2017/02/23/namibias-winter-time-might-be-repealed/
1007 # Use plain "WAT" and "CAT" for the time zone abbreviations, to be compatible
1008 # with Namibia's neighbors.
1009 
1010 # RULE  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1011 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1012 #Rule   Namibia 1994    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    -1:00   WAT
1013 #Rule   Namibia 1994    2017    -       Sep     Sun>=1       2:00    0       CAT
1014 #Rule   Namibia 1995    2017    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    -1:00   WAT
1015 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
1016 Rule    Namibia 1994    only    -       Mar     21      0:00    0       WAT
1017 Rule    Namibia 1994    2017    -       Sep     Sun>=1       2:00    1:00    CAT
1018 Rule    Namibia 1995    2017    -       Apr     Sun>=1       2:00    0       WAT
1019 # End of rearguard section.
1020 
1021 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1022 Zone    Africa/Windhoek 1:08:24 -       LMT     1892 Feb 8
1023                         1:30    -       +0130   1903 Mar
1024                         2:00    -       SAST    1942 Sep 20  2:00
1025                         2:00    1:00    SAST    1943 Mar 21  2:00
1026                         2:00    -       SAST    1990 Mar 21 # independence
1027 # Vanguard section, for zic and other parsers that support negative DST.
1028 #                       2:00    Namibia %s
1029 # Rearguard section, for parsers that do not support negative DST.
1030                         2:00    -       CAT     1994 Mar 21  0:00
1031 # From Paul Eggert (2017-04-07):
1032 # The official date of the 2017 rule change was 2017-10-24.  See:
1033 # http://www.lac.org.na/laws/annoSTAT/Namibian%20Time%20Act%209%20of%202017.pdf
1034                         1:00    Namibia %s      2017 Oct 24
1035                         2:00    -       CAT
1036 # End of rearguard section.
1037 
1038 # Niger
1039 # See Africa/Lagos.
1040 
1041 # Nigeria
1042 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1043 Zone    Africa/Lagos    0:13:36 -       LMT     1919 Sep
1044                         1:00    -       WAT
1045 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Bangui      # Central African Republic
1046 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Brazzaville # Rep. of the Congo
1047 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Douala      # Cameroon
1048 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Kinshasa    # Dem. Rep. of the Congo (west)
1049 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Libreville  # Gabon
1050 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Luanda      # Angola
1051 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Malabo      # Equatorial Guinea
1052 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Niamey      # Niger
1053 Link Africa/Lagos Africa/Porto-Novo  # Benin
1054 
1055 # Réunion
1056 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1057 Zone    Indian/Reunion  3:41:52 -       LMT     1911 Jun # Saint-Denis
1058                         4:00    -       +04
1059 #
1060 # Crozet Islands also observes Réunion time; see the 'antarctica' file.
1061 #
1062 # Scattered Islands (Îles Éparses) administered from Réunion are as follows.
1063 # The following information about them is taken from
1064 # Îles Éparses (<http://www.outre-mer.gouv.fr/domtom/ile.htm>, 1997-07-22,
1065 # in French; no longer available as of 1999-08-17).
1066 # We have no info about their time zone histories.
1067 #
1068 # Bassas da India - uninhabited
1069 # Europa Island - inhabited from 1905 to 1910 by two families
1070 # Glorioso Is - inhabited until at least 1958
1071 # Juan de Nova - uninhabited
1072 # Tromelin - inhabited until at least 1958
1073 
1074 # Rwanda
1075 # See Africa/Maputo.
1076 
1077 # St Helena
1078 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1079 # The other parts of the St Helena territory are similar:
1080 #       Tristan da Cunha: on GMT, say Whitman and the CIA
1081 #       Ascension: on GMT, say the USNO (1995-12-21) and the CIA
1082 #       Gough (scientific station since 1955; sealers wintered previously):
1083 #               on GMT, says the CIA
1084 #       Inaccessible, Nightingale: uninhabited
1085 
1086 # São Tomé and Príncipe
1087 
1088 # See Europe/Lisbon for info about the 1912 transition.
1089 
1090 # From Steffen Thorsen (2018-01-08):
1091 # Multiple sources tell that São Tomé changed from UTC to UTC+1 as
1092 # they entered the year 2018.
1093 # From Michael Deckers (2018-01-08):
1094 # the switch is from 01:00 to 02:00 ... [Decree No. 25/2017]
1095 # http://www.mnec.gov.st/index.php/publicacoes/documentos/file/90-decreto-lei-n-25-2017
1096 
1097 Zone    Africa/Sao_Tome  0:26:56 -      LMT     1884
1098                         -0:36:45 -      LMT     1912 Jan  1 00:00u # Lisbon MT
1099                          0:00   -       GMT     2018 Jan  1 01:00
1100                          1:00   -       WAT
1101 
1102 # Senegal
1103 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1104 
1105 # Seychelles
1106 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1107 Zone    Indian/Mahe     3:41:48 -       LMT     1906 Jun # Victoria
1108                         4:00    -       +04
1109 # From Paul Eggert (2001-05-30):
1110 # Aldabra, Farquhar, and Desroches, originally dependencies of the
1111 # Seychelles, were transferred to the British Indian Ocean Territory
1112 # in 1965 and returned to Seychelles control in 1976.  We don't know
1113 # whether this affected their time zone, so omit this for now.
1114 # Possibly the islands were uninhabited.
1115 
1116 # Sierra Leone
1117 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1118 
1119 # Somalia
1120 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1121 
1122 # South Africa
1123 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1124 Rule    SA      1942    1943    -       Sep     Sun>=15      2:00    1:00    -
1125 Rule    SA      1943    1944    -       Mar     Sun>=15      2:00    0       -
1126 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1127 Zone Africa/Johannesburg 1:52:00 -      LMT     1892 Feb 8
1128                         1:30    -       SAST    1903 Mar
1129                         2:00    SA      SAST
1130 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Maseru     # Lesotho
1131 Link Africa/Johannesburg Africa/Mbabane    # Swaziland
1132 #
1133 # Marion and Prince Edward Is
1134 # scientific station since 1947
1135 # no information
1136 
1137 # Sudan
1138 
1139 # From <http://www.sunanews.net/sn13jane.html>
1140 # Sudan News Agency (2000-01-13),
1141 # also reported by Michaël De Beukelaer-Dossche via Steffen Thorsen:
1142 # Clocks will be moved ahead for 60 minutes all over the Sudan as of noon
1143 # Saturday....  This was announced Thursday by Caretaker State Minister for
1144 # Manpower Abdul-Rahman Nur-Eddin.
1145 
1146 # From Ahmed Atyya, National Telecommunications Corp. (NTC), Sudan (2017-10-17):
1147 # ... the Republic of Sudan is going to change the time zone from (GMT+3:00)
1148 # to (GMT+ 2:00) starting from Wednesday 1 November 2017.
1149 #
1150 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1151 # A scanned copy (in Arabic) of Cabinet Resolution No. 352 for the
1152 # year 2017 can be found as an attachment in email today from Yahia
1153 # Abdalla of NTC, archived at:
1154 # https://mm.icann.org/pipermail/tz/2017-October/025333.html
1155 
1156 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1157 Rule    Sudan   1970    only    -       May      1      0:00    1:00    S
1158 Rule    Sudan   1970    1985    -       Oct     15      0:00    0       -
1159 Rule    Sudan   1971    only    -       Apr     30      0:00    1:00    S
1160 Rule    Sudan   1972    1985    -       Apr     lastSun 0:00    1:00    S
1161 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1162 Zone    Africa/Khartoum 2:10:08 -       LMT     1931
1163                         2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
1164                         3:00    -       EAT     2017 Nov  1
1165                         2:00    -       CAT
1166 
1167 # South Sudan
1168 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1169 Zone    Africa/Juba     2:06:28 -       LMT     1931
1170                         2:00    Sudan   CA%sT   2000 Jan 15 12:00
1171                         3:00    -       EAT
1172 
1173 # Swaziland
1174 # See Africa/Johannesburg.
1175 
1176 # Tanzania
1177 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1178 
1179 # Togo
1180 # See Africa/Abidjan.
1181 
1182 # Tunisia
1183 
1184 # From Gwillim Law (2005-04-30):
1185 # My correspondent, Risto Nykänen, has alerted me to another adoption of DST,
1186 # this time in Tunisia.  According to Yahoo France News
1187 # <http://fr.news.yahoo.com/050426/5/4dumk.html>, in a story attributed to AP
1188 # and dated 2005-04-26, "Tunisia has decided to advance its official time by
1189 # one hour, starting on Sunday, May 1.  Henceforth, Tunisian time will be
1190 # UTC+2 instead of UTC+1.  The change will take place at 23:00 UTC next
1191 # Saturday."  (My translation)
1192 #
1193 # From Oscar van Vlijmen (2005-05-02):
1194 # La Presse, the first national daily newspaper ...
1195 # http://www.lapresse.tn/archives/archives280405/actualites/lheure.html
1196 # ... DST for 2005: on: Sun May 1 0h standard time, off: Fri Sept. 30,
1197 # 1h standard time.
1198 #
1199 # From Atef Loukil (2006-03-28):
1200 # The daylight saving time will be the same each year:
1201 # Beginning      : the last Sunday of March at 02:00
1202 # Ending         : the last Sunday of October at 03:00 ...
1203 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=1188&Itemid=50
1204 
1205 # From Steffen Thorsen (2009-03-16):
1206 # According to several news sources, Tunisia will not observe DST this year.
1207 # (Arabic)
1208 # http://www.elbashayer.com/?page=viewn&nid=42546
1209 # https://www.babnet.net/kiwidetail-15295.asp
1210 #
1211 # We have also confirmed this with the US embassy in Tunisia.
1212 # We have a wrap-up about this on the following page:
1213 # https://www.timeanddate.com/news/time/tunisia-cancels-dst-2009.html
1214 
1215 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2009-03-17):
1216 # Here is a link to Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency
1217 #
1218 # Standard time to be kept the whole year long (tap.info.tn):
1219 #
1220 # (in English)
1221 # http://www.tap.info.tn/en/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=26813&Itemid=157
1222 #
1223 # (in Arabic)
1224 # http://www.tap.info.tn/ar/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=61240&Itemid=1
1225 
1226 # From Arthur David Olson (2009-03-18):
1227 # The Tunis Afrique Presse News Agency notice contains this: "This measure is
1228 # due to the fact that the fasting month of Ramadan coincides with the period
1229 # concerned by summer time.  Therefore, the standard time will be kept
1230 # unchanged the whole year long."  So foregoing DST seems to be an exception
1231 # (albeit one that may be repeated in the future).
1232 
1233 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2010-03-27):
1234 # According to some news reports Tunis confirmed not to use DST in 2010
1235 #
1236 # (translation):
1237 # "The Tunisian government has decided to abandon DST, which was scheduled on
1238 # Sunday...
1239 # Tunisian authorities had suspended the DST for the first time last year also
1240 # coincided with the month of Ramadan..."
1241 #
1242 # (in Arabic)
1243 # http://www.moheet.com/show_news.aspx?nid=358861&pg=1
1244 # http://www.almadenahnews.com/newss/news.php?c=118&id=38036
1245 # http://www.worldtimezone.com/dst_news/dst_news_tunis02.html
1246 
1247 # Rule  NAME    FROM    TO      TYPE    IN      ON      AT      SAVE    LETTER/S
1248 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Apr     15      23:00s  1:00    S
1249 Rule    Tunisia 1939    only    -       Nov     18      23:00s  0       -
1250 Rule    Tunisia 1940    only    -       Feb     25      23:00s  1:00    S
1251 Rule    Tunisia 1941    only    -       Oct      6       0:00   0       -
1252 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Mar      9       0:00   1:00    S
1253 Rule    Tunisia 1942    only    -       Nov      2       3:00   0       -
1254 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Mar     29       2:00   1:00    S
1255 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     17       2:00   0       -
1256 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Apr     25       2:00   1:00    S
1257 Rule    Tunisia 1943    only    -       Oct      4       2:00   0       -
1258 Rule    Tunisia 1944    1945    -       Apr     Mon>=1        2:00   1:00    S
1259 Rule    Tunisia 1944    only    -       Oct      8       0:00   0       -
1260 Rule    Tunisia 1945    only    -       Sep     16       0:00   0       -
1261 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Apr     30       0:00s  1:00    S
1262 Rule    Tunisia 1977    only    -       Sep     24       0:00s  0       -
1263 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1264 Rule    Tunisia 1978    only    -       Oct      1       0:00s  0       -
1265 Rule    Tunisia 1988    only    -       Jun      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1266 Rule    Tunisia 1988    1990    -       Sep     lastSun  0:00s  0       -
1267 Rule    Tunisia 1989    only    -       Mar     26       0:00s  1:00    S
1268 Rule    Tunisia 1990    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1269 Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       May      1       0:00s  1:00    S
1270 Rule    Tunisia 2005    only    -       Sep     30       1:00s  0       -
1271 Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Mar     lastSun  2:00s  1:00    S
1272 Rule    Tunisia 2006    2008    -       Oct     lastSun  2:00s  0       -
1273 
1274 # Shanks & Pottenger give 0:09:20 for Paris Mean Time; go with Howse's
1275 # more precise 0:09:21.
1276 # Shanks & Pottenger say the 1911 switch was on Mar 9; go with Howse's Mar 11.
1277 # Zone  NAME            GMTOFF  RULES   FORMAT  [UNTIL]
1278 Zone    Africa/Tunis    0:40:44 -       LMT     1881 May 12
1279                         0:09:21 -       PMT     1911 Mar 11 # Paris Mean Time
1280                         1:00    Tunisia CE%sT
1281 
1282 # Uganda
1283 # See Africa/Nairobi.
1284 
1285 # Zambia
1286 # Zimbabwe
1287 # See Africa/Maputo.