1 #
2 # DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
3 #
4 # This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
5 # under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
6 # published by the Free Software Foundation. Oracle designates this
7 # particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
8 # by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
9 #
10 # This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
11 # ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
12 # FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License
13 # version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
14 # accompanied this code).
15 #
16 # You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
17 # 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
18 # Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
19 #
20 # Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
21 # or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
22 # questions.
23 #
24 # tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific
25
26 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
27 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
28
29 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
30
31 # Notes are at the end of this file
32
33 ###############################################################################
34
35 # Australia
36
37 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
38
39 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
40 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
41 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
42 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
43 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
408 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
409 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
410 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
411 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
412 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
413 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
414 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
415
416 # French Polynesia
417 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
418 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
419 -9:00 - -09
420 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
421 -9:30 - -0930
422 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
423 -10:00 - -10
424 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
425 # it is uninhabited.
426
427 # Guam
428 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
429 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
430 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
431 10:00 - GST 2000 Dec 23 # Guam
432 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
433 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
434
435 # Kiribati
436 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
437 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
438 12:00 - +12
439 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
440 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
441 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
442 13:00 - +13
443 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
444 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
445 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
446 14:00 - +14
447
448 # N Mariana Is
449 # See Pacific/Guam.
450
451 # Marshall Is
452 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
453 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
454 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
455 12:00 - +12
456 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
457 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
458 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20
459 12:00 - +12
460
461 # Micronesia
462 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
463 Zone Pacific/Chuuk 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
464 10:00 - +10
465 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei 10:32:52 - LMT 1901 # Kolonia
466 11:00 - +11
467 Zone Pacific/Kosrae 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
468 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
469 12:00 - +12 1999
470 11:00 - +11
471
472 # Nauru
473 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
474 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
475 11:30 - +1130 1942 Mar 15
476 9:00 - +09 1944 Aug 15
477 11:30 - +1130 1979 May
478 12:00 - +12
479
480 # New Caledonia
481 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
482 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
483 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
484 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
485 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
486 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
487 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
488 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
489 11:00 NC +11/+12
490
491
492 ###############################################################################
493
494 # New Zealand
495
496 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
497 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
558
559
560 # Niue
561 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
562 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
563 -11:20 - -1120 1951
564 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
565 -11:00 - -11
566
567 # Norfolk
568 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
569 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
570 11:12 - +1112 1951
571 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
572 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
573 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
574 11:00 - +11
575
576 # Palau (Belau)
577 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
578 Zone Pacific/Palau 8:57:56 - LMT 1901 # Koror
579 9:00 - +09
580
581 # Papua New Guinea
582 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
583 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
584 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
585 10:00 - +10
586 #
587 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
588 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
589 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
590 #
591 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
592 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
593 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
594 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
595 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
596 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
597 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
598 #
821 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
822 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
823 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
824 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
825 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
826
827 # Wallis and Futuna
828 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
829 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
830 12:00 - +12
831
832 ###############################################################################
833
834 # NOTES
835
836 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
837 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
838 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
839 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
840
841 # From Paul Eggert (2017-02-10):
842 #
843 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
844 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
845 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
846 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
847 #
848 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
849 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
850 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
851 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
852 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
853 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
854 #
855 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
856 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
857 # I found in the UCLA library.
858 #
859 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
860 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
861 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
862 #
863 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
864 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
865 #
866 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
867 # Corrections are welcome!
868 # std dst
869 # LMT Local Mean Time
870 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
871 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
872 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
873 # 10:00 GST Guam through 2000
874 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
875 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
876 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
877 # -11:00 SST Samoa
878 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
879 #
880 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
881 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
882
883 ###############################################################################
884
885 # Australia
886
887 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
888 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
889 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
890 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
891 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
892 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
893 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
1552 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1553 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1554
1555
1556 # Kiribati
1557
1558 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1559 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1560 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1561 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1562
1563 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1564 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1565 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1566 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1567 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1568 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1569
1570 # Kwajalein
1571
1572 # In comp.risks 14.87 (26 August 1993), Peter Neumann writes:
1573 # I wonder what happened in Kwajalein, where there was NO Friday,
1574 # 1993-08-20. Thursday night at midnight Kwajalein switched sides with
1575 # respect to the International Date Line, to rejoin its fellow islands,
1576 # going from 11:59 p.m. Thursday to 12:00 m. Saturday in a blink.
1577
1578
1579 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1580
1581 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1582 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1583 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1584 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1585 # see Asia/Manila.
1586
1587 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1588 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1589 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1590 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1591
1592
1593 # Micronesia
1594
1595 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1596 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1597 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1598 #
1599 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1600 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1601
1602 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1603 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1604 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1605 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1606 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1607 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1608
1609
1610 # Midway
1611
1612 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1613 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1614 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1615 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1616 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1617 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1618 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1619 # air at 6am your time.
1620 #
1621 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1622 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1623 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1624 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1625
1626 # Norfolk
1627
1628 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1629 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1630 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1631 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1632 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1633
1634 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1635 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1636 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1637 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1638 # other than in 1974/5. See:
1639 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1640
1641 # Pitcairn
1642
1643 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1644 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1645 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1646 #
1647 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1648 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1649 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1650 #
1651 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1652 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1653 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1654
1655 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1656 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1657 # ... at midnight.
1658
1659 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1660 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1784 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1785 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
1786
1787
1788 # Wake
1789
1790 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1791 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1792 #
1793 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1794 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1795 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1796 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1797 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1798 # impossible.
1799 #
1800 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1801
1802 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1803 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1804
1805 ###############################################################################
1806
1807 # The International Date Line
1808
1809 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
1810 #
1811 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
1812 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
1813 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
1814 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
1815 #
1816 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
1817 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
1818 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
1819 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
1820 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
1821 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
1822 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
1823 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|
1 # tzdb data for Australasia and environs, and for much of the Pacific
2
3 # This file is in the public domain, so clarified as of
4 # 2009-05-17 by Arthur David Olson.
5
6 # This file also includes Pacific islands.
7
8 # Notes are at the end of this file
9
10 ###############################################################################
11
12 # Australia
13
14 # Please see the notes below for the controversy about "EST" versus "AEST" etc.
15
16 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
17 Rule Aus 1917 only - Jan 1 0:01 1:00 D
18 Rule Aus 1917 only - Mar 25 2:00 0 S
19 Rule Aus 1942 only - Jan 1 2:00 1:00 D
20 Rule Aus 1942 only - Mar 29 2:00 0 S
385 Rule Fiji 2012 2013 - Jan Sun>=18 3:00 0 -
386 Rule Fiji 2014 only - Jan Sun>=18 2:00 0 -
387 Rule Fiji 2014 max - Nov Sun>=1 2:00 1:00 -
388 Rule Fiji 2015 max - Jan Sun>=13 3:00 0 -
389 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
390 Zone Pacific/Fiji 11:55:44 - LMT 1915 Oct 26 # Suva
391 12:00 Fiji +12/+13
392
393 # French Polynesia
394 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
395 Zone Pacific/Gambier -8:59:48 - LMT 1912 Oct # Rikitea
396 -9:00 - -09
397 Zone Pacific/Marquesas -9:18:00 - LMT 1912 Oct
398 -9:30 - -0930
399 Zone Pacific/Tahiti -9:58:16 - LMT 1912 Oct # Papeete
400 -10:00 - -10
401 # Clipperton (near North America) is administered from French Polynesia;
402 # it is uninhabited.
403
404 # Guam
405
406 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
407 # http://guamlegislature.com/Public_Laws_5th/PL05-025.pdf
408 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-59-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-May-6-1959.pdf
409 Rule Guam 1959 only - Jun 27 2:00 1:00 D
410 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-61-5-Revocation-of-Daylight-Saving-Time-and-Restoratio.pdf
411 Rule Guam 1961 only - Jan 29 2:00 0 S
412 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-67-13-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
413 Rule Guam 1967 only - Sep 1 2:00 1:00 D
414 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-2-Repeal-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
415 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jan 26 0:01 0 S
416 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-69-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
417 Rule Guam 1969 only - Jun 22 2:00 1:00 D
418 Rule Guam 1969 only - Aug 31 2:00 0 S
419 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-10-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
420 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-70-30-End-of-Guam-Daylight-Saving-Time.pdf
421 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-71-5-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
422 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Apr lastSun 2:00 1:00 D
423 Rule Guam 1970 1971 - Sep Sun>=1 2:00 0 S
424 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-73-28.-Guam-Day-light-Saving-Time.pdf
425 Rule Guam 1973 only - Dec 16 2:00 1:00 D
426 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-74-7-Guam-Daylight-Savings-Time-Rescinded.pdf
427 Rule Guam 1974 only - Feb 24 2:00 0 S
428 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-13-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
429 Rule Guam 1976 only - May 26 2:00 1:00 D
430 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-76-25-Revocation-of-E.O.-76-13.pdf
431 Rule Guam 1976 only - Aug 22 2:01 0 S
432 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-4-Daylight-Savings-Time.pdf
433 Rule Guam 1977 only - Apr 24 2:00 1:00 D
434 # http://documents.guam.gov/wp-content/uploads/E.O.-77-18-Guam-Standard-Time.pdf
435 Rule Guam 1977 only - Aug 28 2:00 0 S
436
437 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
438 Zone Pacific/Guam -14:21:00 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
439 9:39:00 - LMT 1901 # Agana
440 10:00 - GST 1941 Dec 10 # Guam
441 9:00 - +09 1944 Jul 31
442 10:00 Guam G%sT 2000 Dec 23
443 10:00 - ChST # Chamorro Standard Time
444 Link Pacific/Guam Pacific/Saipan # N Mariana Is
445
446 # Kiribati
447 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
448 Zone Pacific/Tarawa 11:32:04 - LMT 1901 # Bairiki
449 12:00 - +12
450 Zone Pacific/Enderbury -11:24:20 - LMT 1901
451 -12:00 - -12 1979 Oct
452 -11:00 - -11 1994 Dec 31
453 13:00 - +13
454 Zone Pacific/Kiritimati -10:29:20 - LMT 1901
455 -10:40 - -1040 1979 Oct
456 -10:00 - -10 1994 Dec 31
457 14:00 - +14
458
459 # N Mariana Is
460 # See Pacific/Guam.
461
462 # Marshall Is
463 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
464 Zone Pacific/Majuro 11:24:48 - LMT 1901
465 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
466 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
467 11:00 - +11 1937
468 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
469 9:00 - +09 1944 Jan 30
470 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
471 12:00 - +12
472 Zone Pacific/Kwajalein 11:09:20 - LMT 1901
473 11:00 - +11 1937
474 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
475 9:00 - +09 1944 Feb 6
476 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
477 -12:00 - -12 1993 Aug 20 24:00
478 12:00 - +12
479
480 # Micronesia
481 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
482 Zone Pacific/Chuuk -13:52:52 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
483 10:07:08 - LMT 1901
484 10:00 - +10 1914 Oct
485 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
486 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
487 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
488 10:00 - +10
489 Zone Pacific/Pohnpei -13:27:08 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Kolonia
490 10:32:52 - LMT 1901
491 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
492 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
493 11:00 - +11 1937
494 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
495 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
496 11:00 - +11
497 Zone Pacific/Kosrae -13:08:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31
498 10:51:56 - LMT 1901
499 11:00 - +11 1914 Oct
500 9:00 - +09 1919 Feb 1
501 11:00 - +11 1937
502 10:00 - +10 1941 Apr 1
503 9:00 - +09 1945 Aug
504 11:00 - +11 1969 Oct
505 12:00 - +12 1999
506 11:00 - +11
507
508 # Nauru
509 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
510 Zone Pacific/Nauru 11:07:40 - LMT 1921 Jan 15 # Uaobe
511 11:30 - +1130 1942 Aug 29
512 9:00 - +09 1945 Sep 8
513 11:30 - +1130 1979 Feb 10 2:00
514 12:00 - +12
515
516 # New Caledonia
517 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
518 Rule NC 1977 1978 - Dec Sun>=1 0:00 1:00 -
519 Rule NC 1978 1979 - Feb 27 0:00 0 -
520 Rule NC 1996 only - Dec 1 2:00s 1:00 -
521 # Shanks & Pottenger say the following was at 2:00; go with IATA.
522 Rule NC 1997 only - Mar 2 2:00s 0 -
523 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
524 Zone Pacific/Noumea 11:05:48 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Nouméa
525 11:00 NC +11/+12
526
527
528 ###############################################################################
529
530 # New Zealand
531
532 # Rule NAME FROM TO TYPE IN ON AT SAVE LETTER/S
533 Rule NZ 1927 only - Nov 6 2:00 1:00 S
594
595
596 # Niue
597 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
598 Zone Pacific/Niue -11:19:40 - LMT 1901 # Alofi
599 -11:20 - -1120 1951
600 -11:30 - -1130 1978 Oct 1
601 -11:00 - -11
602
603 # Norfolk
604 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
605 Zone Pacific/Norfolk 11:11:52 - LMT 1901 # Kingston
606 11:12 - +1112 1951
607 11:30 - +1130 1974 Oct 27 02:00
608 11:30 1:00 +1230 1975 Mar 2 02:00
609 11:30 - +1130 2015 Oct 4 02:00
610 11:00 - +11
611
612 # Palau (Belau)
613 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
614 Zone Pacific/Palau -15:02:04 - LMT 1844 Dec 31 # Koror
615 8:57:56 - LMT 1901
616 9:00 - +09
617
618 # Papua New Guinea
619 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
620 Zone Pacific/Port_Moresby 9:48:40 - LMT 1880
621 9:48:32 - PMMT 1895 # Port Moresby Mean Time
622 10:00 - +10
623 #
624 # From Paul Eggert (2014-10-13):
625 # Base the Bougainville entry on the Arawa-Kieta region, which appears to have
626 # the most people even though it was devastated in the Bougainville Civil War.
627 #
628 # Although Shanks gives 1942-03-15 / 1943-11-01 for UT +09, these dates
629 # are apparently rough guesswork from the starts of military campaigns.
630 # The World War II entries below are instead based on Arawa-Kieta.
631 # The Japanese occupied Kieta in July 1942,
632 # according to the Pacific War Online Encyclopedia
633 # https://pwencycl.kgbudge.com/B/o/Bougainville.htm
634 # and seem to have controlled it until their 1945-08-21 surrender.
635 #
858 Rule Vanuatu 1992 1993 - Jan Sun>=23 0:00 0 -
859 Rule Vanuatu 1992 only - Oct Sun>=23 0:00 1:00 -
860 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
861 Zone Pacific/Efate 11:13:16 - LMT 1912 Jan 13 # Vila
862 11:00 Vanuatu +11/+12
863
864 # Wallis and Futuna
865 # Zone NAME GMTOFF RULES FORMAT [UNTIL]
866 Zone Pacific/Wallis 12:15:20 - LMT 1901
867 12:00 - +12
868
869 ###############################################################################
870
871 # NOTES
872
873 # This file is by no means authoritative; if you think you know better,
874 # go ahead and edit the file (and please send any changes to
875 # tz@iana.org for general use in the future). For more, please see
876 # the file CONTRIBUTING in the tz distribution.
877
878 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
879 #
880 # Unless otherwise specified, the source for data through 1990 is:
881 # Thomas G. Shanks and Rique Pottenger, The International Atlas (6th edition),
882 # San Diego: ACS Publications, Inc. (2003).
883 # Unfortunately this book contains many errors and cites no sources.
884 #
885 # Many years ago Gwillim Law wrote that a good source
886 # for time zone data was the International Air Transport
887 # Association's Standard Schedules Information Manual (IATA SSIM),
888 # published semiannually. Law sent in several helpful summaries
889 # of the IATA's data after 1990. Except where otherwise noted,
890 # IATA SSIM is the source for entries after 1990.
891 #
892 # Another source occasionally used is Edward W. Whitman, World Time Differences,
893 # Whitman Publishing Co, 2 Niagara Av, Ealing, London (undated), which
894 # I found in the UCLA library.
895 #
896 # For data circa 1899, a common source is:
897 # Milne J. Civil time. Geogr J. 1899 Feb;13(2):173-94.
898 # https://www.jstor.org/stable/1774359
899 #
900 # A reliable and entertaining source about time zones is
901 # Derek Howse, Greenwich time and longitude, Philip Wilson Publishers (1997).
902 #
903 # I invented the abbreviation marked "*".
904 # The following abbreviations are from other sources.
905 # Corrections are welcome!
906 # std dst
907 # LMT Local Mean Time
908 # 8:00 AWST AWDT Western Australia
909 # 9:30 ACST ACDT Central Australia
910 # 10:00 AEST AEDT Eastern Australia
911 # 10:00 GST GDT* Guam through 2000
912 # 10:00 ChST Chamorro
913 # 11:30 NZMT NZST New Zealand through 1945
914 # 12:00 NZST NZDT New Zealand 1946-present
915 # -11:00 SST Samoa
916 # -10:00 HST Hawaii
917 #
918 # See the 'northamerica' file for Hawaii.
919 # See the 'southamerica' file for Easter I and the Galápagos Is.
920
921 ###############################################################################
922
923 # Australia
924
925 # From Paul Eggert (2014-06-30):
926 # Daylight saving time has long been controversial in Australia, pitting
927 # region against region, rural against urban, and local against global.
928 # For example, in her review of Graeme Davison's _The Unforgiving
929 # Minute: how Australians learned to tell the time_ (1993), Perth native
930 # Phillipa J Martyr wrote, "The section entitled 'Saving Daylight' was
931 # very informative, but was (as can, sadly, only be expected from a
1590 # http://www.fiji.gov.fj/press/2000_09/2000_09_13-05.shtml (2000-09-13)
1591 # reports that Fiji has discontinued DST.
1592
1593
1594 # Kiribati
1595
1596 # From Paul Eggert (1996-01-22):
1597 # Today's _Wall Street Journal_ (page 1) reports that Kiribati
1598 # "declared it the same day [throughout] the country as of Jan. 1, 1995"
1599 # as part of the competition to be first into the 21st century.
1600
1601 # From Kerry Shetline (2018-02-03):
1602 # December 31 was the day that was skipped, so that the transition
1603 # would be from Friday December 30, 1994 to Sunday January 1, 1995.
1604 # From Paul Eggert (2018-02-04):
1605 # One source for this is page 202 of: Bartky IR. One Time Fits All:
1606 # The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (2007).
1607
1608 # Kwajalein
1609
1610 # From an AP article (1993-08-22):
1611 # "The nearly 3,000 Americans living on this remote Pacific atoll have a good
1612 # excuse for not remembering Saturday night: there wasn't one. Residents were
1613 # going to bed Friday night and waking up Sunday morning because at midnight
1614 # -- 8 A.M. Eastern daylight time on Saturday -- Kwajalein was jumping from
1615 # one side of the international date line to the other."
1616 # "In Marshall Islands, Friday is followed by Sunday", NY Times. 1993-08-22.
1617 # https://www.nytimes.com/1993/08/22/world/in-marshall-islands-friday-is-followed-by-sunday.html
1618
1619 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1620 # <https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時> ... pointed out that
1621 # currently tzdata say Pacific/Kwajalein switched from GMT+11 to GMT-12 in
1622 # 1969 October without explanation, however an 1993 article from NYT say it
1623 # synchorized its day with US mainland about 40 years ago and thus the switch
1624 # should occur at around 1950s instead.
1625 #
1626 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1627 # The NYT (actually, AP) article is vague and possibly wrong about this.
1628 # The article says the earlier switch was "40 years ago when the United States
1629 # Army established a missile test range here". However, the Kwajalein Test
1630 # Center was established on 1960-10-01 and was run by the US Navy. It was
1631 # transferred to the US Army on 1964-07-01. See "Seize the High Ground"
1632 # <https://history.army.mil/html/books/070/70-88-1/cmhPub_70-88-1.pdf>.
1633 # Given that Shanks was right on the money about the 1993 change, I'm inclined
1634 # to take Shanks's word for the 1969 change unless we find better evidence.
1635
1636
1637 # N Mariana Is, Guam
1638
1639 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1640 # Guam Island was briefly annexed by Japan during ... year 1941-1944 ...
1641 # however there are no detailed information about what time it use during that
1642 # period. It would probably be reasonable to assume Guam use GMT+9 during
1643 # that period of time like the surrounding area.
1644
1645 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1646 # Howse writes (p 153) "The Spaniards, on the other hand, reached the
1647 # Philippines and the Ladrones from America," and implies that the Ladrones
1648 # (now called the Marianas) kept American date for quite some time.
1649 # For now, we assume the Ladrones switched at the same time as the Philippines;
1650 # see Asia/Manila.
1651 #
1652 # Use 1941-12-10 and 1944-07-31 for Guam WWII transitions, as the rough start
1653 # and end of Japanese control of Agana. We don't know whether the Northern
1654 # Marianas followed Guam's DST rules from 1959 through 1977; for now, assume
1655 # they did as that avoids the need for a separate zone due to our 1970 cutoff.
1656 #
1657 # US Public Law 106-564 (2000-12-23) made UT +10 the official standard time,
1658 # under the name "Chamorro Standard Time". There is no official abbreviation,
1659 # but Congressman Robert A. Underwood, author of the bill that became law,
1660 # wrote in a press release (2000-12-27) that he will seek the use of "ChST".
1661
1662 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
1663
1664
1665 # Marshall Is
1666 # See the commentary for Micronesia.
1667
1668
1669 # Micronesia (and nearby)
1670
1671 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1672 # Like the Ladrones (see Guam commentary), assume the Spanish East Indies
1673 # kept American time until the Philippines switched at the end of 1844.
1674
1675 # Alan Eugene Davis writes (1996-03-16),
1676 # "I am certain, having lived there for the past decade, that 'Truk'
1677 # (now properly known as Chuuk) ... is in the time zone GMT+10."
1678 #
1679 # Shanks & Pottenger write that Truk switched from UT +10 to +11
1680 # on 1978-10-01; ignore this for now.
1681
1682 # From Paul Eggert (1999-10-29):
1683 # The Federated States of Micronesia Visitors Board writes in
1684 # The Federated States of Micronesia - Visitor Information (1999-01-26)
1685 # http://www.fsmgov.org/info/clocks.html
1686 # that Truk and Yap are UT +10, and Ponape and Kosrae are +11.
1687 # We don't know when Kosrae switched from +12; assume January 1 for now.
1688
1689 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-27):
1690 #
1691 # From a Japanese wiki site https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/南洋群島の標準時
1692 # ...
1693 # For "Southern Islands" (modern region of Mariana + Palau + Federation of
1694 # Micronesia + Marshall Islands):
1695 #
1696 # A 1906 Japanese magazine shown the Caroline Islands and Mariana Islands
1697 # who was occupied by Germany at the time as GMT+10, together with the like
1698 # of German New Guinea. However there is a marking saying it have not been
1699 # implemented (yet). No further information after that were found.
1700 #
1701 # Japan invaded those islands in 1914, and records shows that they were
1702 # instructed to use JST at the time.
1703 #
1704 # 1915 January telecommunication record on the Jaluit Atoll shows they use
1705 # the meridian of 170E as standard time (GMT+11:20), which is similar to the
1706 # longitude of the atoll.
1707 # 1915 February record say the 170E standard time is to be used until
1708 # February 9 noon, and after February 9 noon they are to use JST.
1709 # However these are time used within the Japanese Military at the time and
1710 # probably does not reflect the time used by local resident at the time (that
1711 # is if they keep their own time back then)
1712 #
1713 # In January 1919 the occupying force issued a command that split the area
1714 # into three different timezone with meridian of 135E, 150E, 165E (JST+0, +1,
1715 # +2), and the command was to become effective from February 1 of the same
1716 # year. Despite the target of the command is still only for the occupying
1717 # force itself, further publication have described the time as the standard
1718 # time for the occupied area and thus it can probably be seen as such.
1719 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: Palau and Yap civil administration area
1720 # (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1721 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: Truk (Chuuk) and Saipan civil
1722 # administration area (Southern Islands Central Standard Time)
1723 # * Area that use meridian of 165E: Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit civil
1724 # administration area (Southern Islands Eastern Standard Time).
1725 # * In the next few years Japanese occupation of those islands have been
1726 # formalized via League of Nation Mandate (South Pacific Mandate) and formal
1727 # governance structure have been established, these district [become
1728 # subprefectures] and timezone classification have been inherited as standard
1729 # time of the area.
1730 # * Saipan subprefecture include Mariana islands (exclude Guam which was
1731 # occupied by America at the time), Palau and Yap subprefecture rule the
1732 # Western Caroline Islands with 137E longitude as border, Truk and Ponape
1733 # subprefecture rule the Eastern Caroline Islands with 154E as border, Ponape
1734 # subprefecture also rule part of Marshall Islands to the west of 164E
1735 # starting from (1918?) and Jaluit subprefecture rule the rest of the
1736 # Marshall Islands.
1737 #
1738 # And then in year 1937, an announcement was made to change the time in the
1739 # area into 2 timezones:
1740 # * Area that use meridian of 135E: area administered by Palau, Yap and
1741 # Saipan subprefecture (Southern Islands Western Standard Time)
1742 # * Area that use meridian of 150E: area administered by Truk (Chuuk),
1743 # Ponape (Pohnpei) and Jaluit subprefecture (Southern Islands Eastern
1744 # Standard Time)
1745 #
1746 # Another announcement issued in 1941 say that on April 1 that year,
1747 # standard time of the Southern Islands would be changed to use the meridian
1748 # of 135E (GMT+9), and thus abolishing timezone different within the area.
1749 #
1750 # Then Pacific theater of WWII started and Japan slowly lose control on the
1751 # island. The webpage I linked above contain no information during this
1752 # period of time....
1753 #
1754 # After the end of WWII, in 1946 February, a document written by the
1755 # (former?) Japanese military personnel describe there are 3 hours time
1756 # different between Caroline islands time/Wake island time and the Chungking
1757 # time, which would mean the time being used there at the time was GMT+10.
1758 #
1759 # After that, the area become Trust Territories of the Pacific Islands
1760 # under American administration from year 1947. The site listed some
1761 # American/International books/maps/publications about time used in those
1762 # area during this period of time but they doesn't seems to be reliable
1763 # information so it would be the best if someone know where can more reliable
1764 # information can be found.
1765 #
1766 #
1767 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-18):
1768 #
1769 # For the above, use vague dates like "1914" and "1945" for transitions that
1770 # plausibly exist but for which the details are not known. The information
1771 # for Wake is too sketchy to act on.
1772 #
1773 # The 1906 GMT+10 info about German-controlled islands might not have been
1774 # done, so omit it from the data for now.
1775 #
1776 # The Jaluit info governs Kwajalein.
1777
1778
1779 # Midway
1780
1781 # From Charles T O'Connor, KMTH DJ (1956),
1782 # quoted in the KTMH section of the Radio Heritage Collection
1783 # <http://radiodx.com/spdxr/KMTH.htm> (2002-12-31):
1784 # For the past two months we've been on what is known as Daylight
1785 # Saving Time. This time has put us on air at 5am in the morning,
1786 # your time down there in New Zealand. Starting September 2, 1956
1787 # we'll again go back to Standard Time. This'll mean that we'll go to
1788 # air at 6am your time.
1789 #
1790 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1791 # We don't know the date of that quote, but we'll guess they
1792 # started DST on June 3. Possibly DST was observed other years
1793 # in Midway, but we have no record of it.
1794
1795 # Nauru
1796
1797 # From Phake Nick (2018-10-31):
1798 # Currently, the tz database say Nauru use LMT until 1921, and then
1799 # switched to GMT+11:30 for the next two decades.
1800 # However, a number of timezone map published in America/Japan back then
1801 # showed its timezone as GMT+11 per https://wiki.suikawiki.org/n/ナウルの標準時
1802 # And it would also be nice if the 1921 transition date could be sourced.
1803 # ...
1804 # The "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1805 # http://ronlaw.gov.nr/nauru_lpms/files/gazettes/4b23a17d2030150404db7a5fa5872f52.pdf#page=3
1806 # based on "Nauru Standard Time Act 1978 Time Change"
1807 # http://www.paclii.org/nr/legis/num_act/nsta1978207/ defined that "Nauru
1808 # Alternative Time" (GMT+12) should be in effect from 1979 Feb.
1809 #
1810 # From Paul Eggert (2018-11-19):
1811 # The 1921-01-15 introduction of standard time is in Shanks; it is also in
1812 # "Standard Time Throughout the World", US National Bureau of Standards (1935),
1813 # page 3, which does not give the UT offset. In response to a comment by
1814 # Phake Nick I set the Nauru time of occupation by Japan to
1815 # 1942-08-29/1945-09-08 by using dates from:
1816 # https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese_occupation_of_Nauru
1817
1818 # Norfolk
1819
1820 # From Alexander Krivenyshev (2015-09-23):
1821 # Norfolk Island will change ... from +1130 to +1100:
1822 # https://www.comlaw.gov.au/Details/F2015L01483/Explanatory%20Statement/Text
1823 # ... at 12.30 am (by legal time in New South Wales) on 4 October 2015.
1824 # http://www.norfolkisland.gov.nf/nia/MediaRelease/Media%20Release%20Norfolk%20Island%20Standard%20Time%20Change.pdf
1825
1826 # From Paul Eggert (2015-09-23):
1827 # Transitions before 2015 are from timeanddate.com, which consulted
1828 # the Norfolk Island Museum and the Australian Bureau of Meteorology's
1829 # Norfolk Island station, and found no record of Norfolk observing DST
1830 # other than in 1974/5. See:
1831 # https://www.timeanddate.com/time/australia/norfolk-island.html
1832
1833 # Palau
1834 # See commentary for Micronesia.
1835
1836 # Pitcairn
1837
1838 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-08):
1839 # A Proclamation was signed by the Governor of Pitcairn on the 27th March 1998
1840 # with regard to Pitcairn Standard Time. The Proclamation is as follows.
1841 #
1842 # The local time for general purposes in the Islands shall be
1843 # Co-ordinated Universal time minus 8 hours and shall be known
1844 # as Pitcairn Standard Time.
1845 #
1846 # ... I have also seen Pitcairn listed as UTC minus 9 hours in several
1847 # references, and can only assume that this was an error in interpretation
1848 # somehow in light of this proclamation.
1849
1850 # From Rives McDow (1999-11-09):
1851 # The Proclamation regarding Pitcairn time came into effect on 27 April 1998
1852 # ... at midnight.
1853
1854 # From Howie Phelps (1999-11-10), who talked to a Pitcairner via shortwave:
1855 # Betty Christian told me yesterday that their local time is the same as
1979 # From Paul Eggert (2017-10-18):
1980 # For now, guess that DST is discontinued. That's what the IATA is guessing.
1981
1982
1983 # Wake
1984
1985 # From Vernice Anderson, Personal Secretary to Philip Jessup,
1986 # US Ambassador At Large (oral history interview, 1971-02-02):
1987 #
1988 # Saturday, the 14th [of October, 1950] - ... The time was all the
1989 # more confusing at that point, because we had crossed the
1990 # International Date Line, thus getting two Sundays. Furthermore, we
1991 # discovered that Wake Island had two hours of daylight saving time
1992 # making calculation of time in Washington difficult if not almost
1993 # impossible.
1994 #
1995 # https://www.trumanlibrary.org/oralhist/andrsonv.htm
1996
1997 # From Paul Eggert (2003-03-23):
1998 # We have no other report of DST in Wake Island, so omit this info for now.
1999
2000 # See also the commentary for Micronesia.
2001
2002
2003 ###############################################################################
2004
2005 # The International Date Line
2006
2007 # From Gwillim Law (2000-01-03):
2008 #
2009 # The International Date Line is not defined by any international standard,
2010 # convention, or treaty. Mapmakers are free to draw it as they please.
2011 # Reputable mapmakers will simply ensure that every point of land appears on
2012 # the correct side of the IDL, according to the date legally observed there.
2013 #
2014 # When Kiribati adopted a uniform date in 1995, thereby moving the Phoenix and
2015 # Line Islands to the west side of the IDL (or, if you prefer, moving the IDL
2016 # to the east side of the Phoenix and Line Islands), I suppose that most
2017 # mapmakers redrew the IDL following the boundary of Kiribati. Even that line
2018 # has a rather arbitrary nature. The straight-line boundaries between Pacific
2019 # island nations that are shown on many maps are based on an international
2020 # convention, but are not legally binding national borders.... The date is
2021 # governed by the IDL; therefore, even on the high seas, there may be some
|